Relevant bibliographies by topics / H-formulation

Academic literature on the topic 'H-formulation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Contents

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'H-formulation.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "H-formulation"

1

Tompson, Debra, Mark Whitaker, Rennan Pan, Geoffrey Johnson, Teresa Fuller, Vanessa Zann, Litza McKenzie, Kathy Abbott-Banner, Simon Hawkins, and Marcy Powell. "Development of a Once-Daily Modified-Release Formulation for the Short Half-Life RIPK1 Inhibitor GSK2982772 using DiffCORE Technology." Pharmaceutical Research 39, no. 1 (January 2022): 153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11095-021-03124-7.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Purpose GSK2982772 is a selective inhibitor of receptor-interacting protein kinase-1 (RIPK1) with a short 2- to 3-h half-life. In a previous modified-release (MR) study, a matrix monolithic formulation (80% GSK2982772 released over 12 h) provided a once-daily (QD) pharmacokinetic (PK) profile in the fasted state; however, it was susceptible to food effects. The current study evaluated the safety and PK of MR formulations using GSK proprietary DiffCORE™ technology. Methods Part A evaluated PK following single-dose (240 mg) fasted and fed (high-fat meal) administration of three DiffCORE MR formulations within pre-defined in vitro extremes of 80% GSK2982772 released over 12 h (MR-12 h) to 80% GSK2982772 released over 18 h (MR-18 h) versus an immediate-release formulation. Part B evaluated MR-16 h (120–960 mg) in different prandial states. Results Pharmacokinetic profiles for all MR formulations and doses tested in the fasted and fed states were consistent with QD dosing. Conclusions The DiffCORE technology overcame the food effect vulnerability observed with the matrix monolithic formulation. The MR-16 h formulation was selected for further clinical development as a QD dosing regimen (NCT03649412 September 26, 2018).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Somerton, B., D. Lindsay, J. Palmer, J. Brooks, and S. Flint. "Changes in Sodium, Calcium, and Magnesium Ion Concentrations That Inhibit Geobacillus Biofilms Have No Effect on Anoxybacillus flavithermus Biofilms." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 15 (May 22, 2015): 5115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01037-15.

Full text
Abstract:
ABSTRACTThis study investigated the effects of varied sodium, calcium, and magnesium concentrations in specialty milk formulations on biofilm formation byGeobacillusspp. andAnoxybacillus flavithermus. The numbers of attached viable cells (log CFU per square centimeter) after 6 to 18 h of biofilm formation by three dairy-derived strains ofGeobacillusand three dairy-derived strains ofA. flavithermuswere compared in two commercial milk formulations. Milk formulation B had relatively high sodium and low calcium and magnesium concentrations compared with those of milk formulation A, but the two formulations had comparable fat, protein, and lactose concentrations. Biofilm formation by the threeGeobacillusisolates was up to 4 log CFU cm−2lower in milk formulation B than in milk formulation A after 6 to 18 h, and the difference was often significant (P≤ 0.05). However, no significant differences (P≤ 0.05) were found when biofilm formations by the threeA. flavithermusisolates were compared in milk formulations A and B. Supplementation of milk formulation A with 100 mM NaCl significantly decreased (P≤ 0.05)Geobacillusbiofilm formation after 6 to 10 h. Furthermore, supplementation of milk formulation B with 2 mM CaCl2or 2 mM MgCl2significantly increased (P≤ 0.05)Geobacillusbiofilm formation after 10 to 18 h. It was concluded that relatively high free Na+and low free Ca2+and Mg2+concentrations in milk formulations are collectively required to inhibit biofilm formation byGeobacillusspp., whereas biofilm formation byA. flavithermusis not impacted by typical cation concentration differences of milk formulations.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Ameen, A. O., J. R. Fuxa, and A. R. Richter. "Antagonism between Formulations of Different Bacillus thuringiensis Subspecies in Heliothis virescens and Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)." Journal of Entomological Science 33, no. 2 (April 1, 1998): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-33.2.129.

Full text
Abstract:
Interactions between formulations of the aizawai and kurstaki subspecies of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner were evaluated by bioassay in Heliothis virescens (F.) and Helicoverpa zea (Boddie). In preliminary experiments, a formulation of subspecies aizawai, Xentari AS®, had significantly (P < 0.05) higher median lethal concentrations (LC50s) in both insect species than formulations based on subspecies kurstaki. Helicoverpa zea was significantly (P < 0.05) more susceptible than H. virescens to one formulation of subspecies kurstaki (Dipel ES®), but the two insects did not differ in susceptibility to Xentari AS® or to a second formulation of subspecies kurstaki (Dipel 6AF®). In H. virescens, Xentari AS® was additive with Dipel 6AF® and significantly (P< 0.05) antagonistic with Dipel ES® and with a third formulation of subspecies kurstaki, Dipel 48A®. In H. zea, Xentari AS® was significantly antagonistic with all three formulations of subspecies kurstaki. This suggests that certain toxin combinations from B. thuringiensis subspecies might not be effective for managing H. virescens and H. zea populations.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Najafi-Yazdi, Alireza, Guillaume A. Brès, and Luc Mongeau. "An acoustic analogy formulation for moving sources in uniformly moving media." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 467, no. 2125 (June 30, 2010): 144–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2010.0172.

Full text
Abstract:
Acoustic analogy methods are used as post-processing tools to predict aerodynamically generated sound from numerical solutions of unsteady flow. The Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings (FW–H) equation and related formulations, such as Farassat’s Formulations 1 and 1A, are among the commonly used analogies because of their relative low computation cost and their robustness. These formulations assume the propagation of sound waves in a medium at rest. The present paper describes a surface integral formulation based on the convective wave equation, which takes into account the presence of a mean flow. The formulation was derived to be easy to implement as a numerical post-processing tool for computational fluid dynamics codes. The new formulation constitutes one possible extension of Farassat’s Formulation 1 and 1A based on the convective form of the FW–H equation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Jha, Sajal Kumar, Roopa Karki, Venkatesh Dinnekere Puttegowda, and D. Harinarayana. "In Vitro Intestinal Permeability Studies and Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Famotidine Microemulsion for Oral Delivery." International Scholarly Research Notices 2014 (December 7, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/452051.

Full text
Abstract:
The absolute bioavailability of famotidine after oral administration is about 40–45% and absorbance only in the initial part of small intestine may be due to low intestinal permeability. Hence, an olive oil based microemulsion formulation with Tween-80 as surfactant and PEG-400 as cosurfactant was developed by using water titration method with the aim of enhancing the intestinal permeability as well as oral bioavailability. In vitro drug permeation in intestine after 8 h for all formulations varied from 30.42% to 78.39% and most of the formulations showed enhanced permeation compared to pure drug (48.92%). Famotidine microemulsion exhibited the higher absorption and Cmax⁡ achieved from the optimized famotidine formulation (456.20 ng·h/ml) was higher than the standard (126.80 ng·h/mL). It was found that AUC0–24 h obtained from the optimized famotidine test formulation (3023.5 ng·h/mL) was significantly higher than the standard famotidine (1663.3 ng·h/mL). F-1 demonstrated a longer (6 h) Tmax⁡ compared with standard drug (2 h) and sustained the release of drug over 24 h. The bioavailability of F-1 formulation was about 1.8-fold higher than that of standard drug. This enhanced bioavailability of famotidine loaded in microemulsion system might be due to increased intestinal permeability.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Wadhwa, Jyoti, Abhay Asthana, Sumeet Gupta, Gyati Shilkari Asthana, and Ranjit Singh. "Development and Optimization of Polymeric Self-Emulsifying Nanocapsules for Localized Drug Delivery: Design of Experiment Approach." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/516069.

Full text
Abstract:
The purpose of the present study was to formulate polymeric self-emulsifying curcumin nanocapsules with high encapsulation efficiency, good emulsification ability, and optimal globule size for localized targeting in the colon. Formulations were prepared using modified quasiemulsion solvent diffusion method. Concentration of formulation variables, namely,X1(oil),X2(polymeric emulsifier), andX3(adsorbent), was optimized by design of experiments using Box-Behnken design, for its impact on mean globule size (Y1) and encapsulation efficiency (Y2) of the formulation. Polymeric nanocapsules with an average diameter of 100–180 nm and an encapsulation efficiency of 64.85 ± 0.12% were obtained.In vitrostudies revealed that formulations released the drug after 5 h lag time corresponding to the time to reach the colonic region. Pronounced localized action was inferred from the plasma concentration profile (Cmax200 ng/mL) that depicts limited systemic absorption. Roentgenography study confirms the localized presence of carrier (0–2 h in upper GIT; 2–4 h in small intestine; and 4–24 h in the lower intestine). Optimized formulation showed significantly higher cytotoxicity (IC50value 20.32 μM) in HT 29 colonic cancer cell line. The present study demonstrates systematic development of polymeric self-emulsifying nanocapsule formulation of curcumin for localized targeting in colon.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Piret, Jocelyne, Julie Lamontagne, André Désormeaux, and Michel G. Bergeron. "Efficacies of Gel Formulations Containing Foscarnet, Alone or Combined with Sodium Lauryl Sulfate, against Establishment and Reactivation of Latent Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 45, no. 4 (April 1, 2001): 1030–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.4.1030-1036.2001.

Full text
Abstract:
ABSTRACT The influence of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) on the efficacies of gel formulations of foscarnet against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) cutaneous lesions and on the establishment and reactivation of latent virus has been evaluated in a murine model of orofacial infection. Topical treatments were given twice daily for 3 days and were initiated at 6, 24, and 48 h after virus inoculation. The gel formulation that contained both 3% foscarnet and 5% SLS and that was administered within 48 h postinfection reduced the rate of development of herpetic skin lesions. This formulation also significantly decreased the viral content in skin tissues and in ipsilateral trigeminal ganglia when it was given within 24 and 6 h postinfection, respectively. A lower level of efficacy was observed for the gel formulation containing 3% foscarnet alone. Of prime interest, the gel formulation containing 5% SLS reduced significantly the mortality rate among mice in a zosteriform model of infection. Both formulations of foscarnet had no effect on the mean titers of reactivated virus in explant cultures of ipsilateral and contralateral trigeminal ganglia from latently infected mice. The use of a gel formulation containing combinations of foscarnet and SLS could represent an attractive approach for the treatment of herpetic mucocutaneous infections.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Roopa, G., C. Jayanthi, R. Karki, H. Joshi, G. Divakar, and V. G. Rajalakshmi. "FABRICATION OF CURCUMIN LOADED GUAR GUM MICROPARTICLES FOR CONTROLLED RELEASE BY EMULSION GELATION TECHNIQUE." INDIAN DRUGS 54, no. 02 (February 25, 2017): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.54.02.10758.

Full text
Abstract:
Cross-linked guar gum microparticles of curcumin were prepared for controlled release by emulsion gelation method using glutaraldehyde as cross-linking agent. Morphology and surface characteristics of the formulations were assessed by scanning electron microscopy. Particle size of the guar gum microparticles was determined by optical microscopy. The mean particle size ranged from 82 to 250 μ. The % drug loading was found to be in the range of 20 to 51% while the percentage encapsulation efficiency was ranging between 29 to 86%. FT-IR and DSC studies revealed the compatibility of the drug with the polymer. Formulation CGMP3 exhibited maximum % EE of 84%, In vitro drug-release studies were performed in simulated gastric fluid (without enzymes) for 2 h followed by simulated intestinal fluid (without enzymes) for 6 h and continued for 24 h. Formulation CGMP3 exhibited relatively more sustained release profile than the other formulations. All formulations of 1.5% guar gum (CGMP2, CGMP3 and CGMP4) have shown retarded release than 1.0 % guar gum formulations (CGMP6, CGMP7 and CGMP8). Optimal glutaraldehyde concentration was found to be 2%. The optimized formulation subjected to stability studies was found to be stable when observed for particle size and drug content.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Adi-Dako, Ofosua, Kwabena Ofori-Kwakye, Seth Kwabena Amponsah, Isaac Boamah, Noble Kuntworbe, and Esther Eshun Oppong. "Potential of Cocoa Pod Husk Pectin-Based Modified Release Capsules as a Carrier for Chronodelivery of Hydrocortisone in Sprague-Dawley Rats." Journal of Drug Delivery 2018 (October 8, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9825363.

Full text
Abstract:
The potential of cocoa pod husk (CPH) pectin-based modified release (MR) capsules as a carrier for chronodelivery of hydrocortisone in Sprague-Dawley rats was assessed. Extemporaneously formulated CPH pectin-based hydrocortisone (10 mg) capsules crosslinked with calcium chloride (Formulation A) or zinc (Formulation B) and a commercial immediate release hydrocortisone formulation were administered orally to Sprague-Dawley rats and the pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated using noncompartmental analysis. Formulation A had a 2 h lag phase followed by an increase in serum drug concentration in the treated rats. Peak concentrations (Cmax) of 21.799 ± 1.993 ng/ml and 20.844 ± 2.661 ng/ml were achieved after 6 ± 0.23 h and 6 ± 0.35 h (Tmax), respectively, for capsules A and B. The immediate release formulation had a peak concentration of 15.322 ± 0.313 ng/ml within 1 ± 0.2 h. The relative bioavailability of the CPH pectin-based capsules A and B was 213% and 274%, respectively. Formulations A and B had half-lives more than three times that of the immediate release formulation. The MR capsules exhibited a higher exposure, greater bioavailability, and versatility in release of cortisol than the commercial immediate release formulation. Additionally, the MR capsules exhibited an extended drug release with overnight cortisol rise and early morning cortisol peak and hold promise in the management of adrenal insufficiency.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Jin, Fengdan. "Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometric Assay for Determination of Stavudine in Human Plasma." Journal of Spectroscopy 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/517089.

Full text
Abstract:
A LC-MS/MS method for determination of stavudine in human plasma was established and validated, and it was applied to the pharmaceutical formulations bioequivalence study. 0.5 mL plasma sample was extracted by liquid-liquid extraction. Stavudine was detected by a LC-MS/MS system. The pharmacokinetic parameters of stavudine in different formulations were calculated by noncompartment model statistics. The method was linear over the concentration ranges 5.00–1000 ng/mL in plasma. The intra- and interassay relative standard deviation (RSD) was <10%. The average accuracies for the assay at three concentrations (5.00, 80.0, and 900 ng/mL) were from 100.2% to 102.5%. Pharmacokinetic parameters of stavudine reference formulation were obtained as follows:Tmaxwas0.6±0.2 h,Cmaxwas480.7±150.9 g/L,t1/2was1.7±0.4 h, andAUC0-twas872.8±227.8 g·h/L, and pharmacokinetic parameters of stavudine test formulation were obtained as follows:Tmaxwas0.5±0.2 h,Cmaxwas537.5±178.5 g/L,t1/2was1.7±0.3 h, andAUC0-twas (914.1±284.5) g·h/L. Calculated withAUC0-t, the bioavailability of two formulations was 105.0%.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "H-formulation"

1

Mathez, Sandrine. "Contribution à l'étude de la formulation d'une émulsion triple H/L/H." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P196.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

KusterJr, George Emil. "H-Infinity Norm Calculation via a State Space Formulation." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49544.

Full text
Abstract:
There is much interest in the design of feedback controllers for linear systems that minimize the H-infty norm of a specific closed-loop transfer function.  The H-infty optimization problem initiated by Zames (1981), \\cite{zames1981feedback}, has received a lot of interest since its formulation.  In H-infty control theory one uses the H-infty norm of a stable transfer function as a performance measure.  One typically uses approaches in either the frequency domain or a state space formulation to tackle this problem.  Frequency domain approaches use operator theory, J-spectral factorization or polynomial methods while in the state space approach one uses ideas similar to LQ theory and differential games.  One of the key computational issues in the design of H-infty optimal controllers is the determination of the optimal H-infty norm.  That is, determining the infimum of r for which the H-infty norm of the associated transfer function matrix is less than r.  Doyle  et al (1989), presented a state space characterization  for the sub-optimal H-infty control problem.  This characterization requires that the unique stabilizing solutions to  two Algebraic Riccati Equations are positive semi definite as well as satisfying a spectral radius coupling condition.  In this work, we describe an algorithm by Lin et al(1999),  used to calculate the H-infty norm for the state feedback and output feedback control problems.  This algorithm only relies on standard assumptions and divides the problem into three sub-problems. The first two sub-problems rely on algorithms for the state feedback problem formulated in the frequency domain as well as a characterization of the optimal value in terms of the singularity of the upper-half of  a matrix created by the stacked basis vectors of the invariant sub-space of the associated Hamiltonian matrix.  This characterization is verified through a bisection or secant method.  The third sub-problem relies on the geometric nature of the spectral radius of the product of the two solutions to the Algebraic Riccati Equations associated with the first two sub-problems.  Doyle makes an intuitive argument that the spectral radius condition will fail before the conditions involving the Algebraic Riccati Equations fail.  We present numerical results where we demonstrate that the Algebraic Riccati Equation conditions fail before the spectral radius condition fails.
Master of Science
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Py, Catherine. "Investigation fondamentale des émulsions multiples H/L/H pour application cosmétique : formulation - étude de stabilité." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20141.

Full text
Abstract:
La stabilite des emulsions multiples h/l/h a ete caracterisee par des analyses rheologiques, granulometriques et par microscopie optique. Des mesures rheologiques en ecoulement et en dynamique ont ete effectuees en simultane. La composition et la concentration du melange de tensioactifs lipophiles ont ete etudiee. Nous avons constate que le el 1598 (triglycerol triricinoleate) seul ou avec de faibles concentrations de span 80 (sorbitan monooleate) produisait la plus grande stabilite. Nous avons montre que la fraction volumique optimale de l'emulsion simple devait etre egale a 0,6. La presence d'une phase aqueuse interne hypertonique destabilisait les emulsions d'autant plus que le gradient de concentration etait eleve. Du chlorure de sodium en phase interne et externe a une concentration de 1 mol/l s'est avere stabiliser le plus l'emulsion. La comparaison de trois tensioactifs hydrophiles non-ioniques (copolymeres a blocs de peo-ppo) a montre que les concentrations en synperonic pe/f127 ne devait pas exceder 1,2% et 1,5% pour les synperonics pe/f108 et f68 au risque de former une emulsion simple l/h. Le synperonic pe/f108 produisait des systemes plus stables que le f127 mais d'elasticite inferieure et de granulometrie superieure. Le f68 donnait les emulsions les plus instables. Les observations microscopiques ont confirme les resultats obtenus par la rheologie et les analyses de taille des particules. La structure multiple de l'emulsion etait conservee plus de six mois a 20c. D'autre part, l'utilisation de 0,2% de carbopol 940 (acide polyacrylique) en phase aqueuse externe stabilisait l'emulsion plus d'un an a 40c contre le phenomene de cremage et prevenait l'expulsion des globules aqueux internes. Le resultat de cette etude a prouve qu'il etait possible d'obtenir une emulsion multiple stable. Les analyses rheologiques ont montre qu'elles etaient un outil puissant afin de caracteriser les emulsions multiples et leur stabilite sans necessite de diluer les emulsions au prealable
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Lehermayr, Christian [Verfasser], K. [Akademischer Betreuer] Mäder, M. [Akademischer Betreuer] Pietzsch, and H. C. [Akademischer Betreuer] Mahler. "Net charge and protein-protein interactions of monoclonal antibodies : analytical assessment and application in protein formulation development / Christian Lehermayr. Betreuer: K. Mäder ; M. Pietzsch ; H.-C. Mahler." Halle, Saale : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1043196730/34.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Codina, Maud. "Les bétons bas pH - Formulation, caractérisation et étude à long terme." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00199021.

Full text
Abstract:
L'utilisation de bétons à base de ciment Portland en association avec de l'argile dans un site de stockage en profondeur de déchets radioactifs se heurterait à deux difficultés. La forte alcalinité du matériau cimentaire dégraderait les propriétés imperméables de l'argile. De plus, l'importante augmentation de température induite par l'hydratation du ciment dans un ouvrage massif pourrait provoquer des microfissures nuisibles à la durabilité du matériau. Des recherches ont donc été engagées pour mettre au point un béton permettant de pallier ces deux principaux écueils. L'objectif est d'obtenir un béton satisfaisant aux contraintes suivantes : pH de la solution interstitielle du matériau hydraté inférieur à 11 afin de limiter l'attaque alcaline de l'argile (d'où l'appellation de béton « bas pH »), échauffement inférieur à 20 °C au cours de l'hydratation, retrait modéré, performances mécaniques élevées (résistance à la compression supérieure à 70 MPa).
Plusieurs liants incorporant du ciment Portland, de la fumée de silice, des cendres volantes et / ou du laitier sont comparés. Tous ces systèmes sont caractérisés par des teneurs en ajouts très importantes, la fraction de clinker n'étant comprise qu'entre 20 et 60 %.
Après un an d'hydratation, la solution interstitielle des pâtes de liants bas pH présente des pH compris entre 11,7 et 12,2 selon la formulation, réduit de plus d'une unité par rapport aux témoins à base de CEM I ou CEM V. Cette chute de pH (comparé à celui d'un CEM I (13,5)) est concomitante i) d'une forte réduction de la concentration en alcalins dans la solution porale, ii) de la disparition ou de la diminution de la teneur en portlandite dans les matériaux, iii) et de l'enrichissement en silice des C-S-H.
Ces liants ont été utilisés avec succès pour mettre au point des bétons bas pH haute performance (pH de la solution interstitielle compris entre 10,7 et 11,6 selon les liants) avec les outils classiques du génie civil.
Enfin, des études de lixiviation en eau désionisée montrent que les pâtes de liants bas pH se décalcifient environ 4 fois moins vite que celle à base de ciment Portland. Les évolutions minéralogiques et les flux lixiviés par l'eau pure (pH 7) à 25 °C ont pu être modélisés à l'aide du code HYTEC en associant deux modules de réactivité chimique et de transport par diffusion.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Boussetta, Ramzy. "Estimateurs d'erreur et ramaillage adaptatif : application à la simulation 3D des procédés de mise en forme des matériaux." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001210.

Full text
Abstract:
La simulation numérique par la méthode des éléments finis de tout problème physique s'appuie sur le maillage associé à la géométrie du domaine de calcul. Dans le cadre des problèmes de la mise en forme des matériaux, le maillage qui suit les grandes déformations de la pièce dégénère rapidement. La simulation de tels problèmes nécessite donc la génération de manière automatique de nombreux maillages dont la qualité conditionne la précision des calculs. L'objectif de cette étude est le développement d'une procédure d'adaptation de maillage entièrement automatique permettant le contrôle de l'erreur de discrétisation spatiale et le pilotage de l'étape de remaillage au cours des calculs. Une première partie de ce travail est consacrée à l'étude et l'évaluation numérique des estimateurs d'erreur de type Zienkiewicz-Zhu. Initialement développés pour des problèmes 2D d'élasticité, ces estimateurs sont étendus aux problèmes 3D non linéaires avec des matériaux incompressibles. L'objectif de cette première étude est le développement d'un estimateur fiable et efficace pour le contrôle d'erreur dans le cadre des problèmes de la mise en forme des matériaux. Une fois l'erreur estimée, il est possible de contrôler la qualité de la solution en calculant la taille optimale de chaque élément du maillage. Ceci revient à construire un maillage optimal, soit au sens d'une précision imposée ou au sens de la taille maximale du problème étudié. Il s'agit ainsi, dans cette deuxième partie, de développer une stratégie d'adaptation de maillage, pilotée par l'estimation d'erreur, qui soit efficace et robuste pour la simulation numérique des problèmes industriels de la mise en forme.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Peery, Thaddeus Eldon. "H(Infinity) optimal repetitive control : continuous-time and sampled-data formulations /." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487864485231418.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Wang, Yanqiu. "Preconditioning for the mixed formulation of linear plane elasticity." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2781.

Full text
Abstract:
In this dissertation, we study the mixed finite element method for the linear plane elasticity problem and iterative solvers for the resulting discrete system. We use the Arnold-Winther Element in the mixed finite element discretization. An overlapping Schwarz preconditioner and a multigrid preconditioner for the discrete system are developed and analyzed. We start by introducing the mixed formulation (stress-displacement formulation) for the linear plane elasticity problem and its discretization. A detailed analysis of the Arnold-Winther Element is given. The finite element discretization of the mixed formulation leads to a symmetric indefinite linear system. Next, we study efficient iterative solvers for the symmetric indefinite linear system which arises from the mixed finite element discretization of the linear plane elasticity problem. The preconditioned Minimum Residual Method is considered. It is shown that the problem of constructing a preconditioner for the indefinite linear system can be reduced to the problem of constructing a preconditioner for the H(div) problem in the Arnold-Winther finite element space. Our main work involves developing an overlapping Schwarz preconditioner and a multigrid preconditioner for the H(div) problem. We give condition number estimates for the preconditioned systems together with supporting numerical results.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Botha, Johanna Margaretha. "The stabilising effect of met[h]ylsulfonylmethane (MSM) on urea containing formulations / Johanna Margaretha Botha." Thesis, North-West University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/617.

Full text
Abstract:
The skin is the largest area of the body that interfaces with bacteria and "problems" from the environment and is the first line of defence for the body. There are, of course, immune system functions that take place within the skin area and it would be nourished only by the very small arteries (capillaries). So the blood supply at the surface of the skin is not as great as it is further inside the body. When you can apply something on the skin, which nourishes the immune system cells, such as MSM (methylsulfonylmethane) and urea you are doing wonders in improving the health of the skin. The use of urea in dermatological therapy and cosmetics has become more and more important in recent years. However, urea is unstable in formulations, decomposing into carbon dioxide and ammonia. Products containing urea can be stabilised by including MSM (methylsulfonylmethane) in the formulation (Herschler, 1981:l). The aim of this study was to determine the stabilising effect of MSM on urea in cosmetic products. Cosmetic products that were formulated with MSM and urea as actives, comprised of a moisturising lotion, massage cream, foot and heel balm, hair gel, hair spray and lip ice. The formulations were subjected to stability studies for three months under ICH conditions. The formulated products were stored at 5ºC, 25ºC/60%RH and 4OºC/75%RH. The strength of MSM and urea in each formulation was 5% m/m , except for the hair spray and lip ice where the concentrations were 10% m/m and 2.5% m/m respectively. HPLC analysis was used to determine the urea concentrations in all the formulated products, as well as the concentration released during membrane release studies. GC analysis was used to determine the MSM concentrations in the products. Other stability tests included appearance, spreadability, pH, relative density, penetration, viscosity, preservative content and preservative efficacy. Chapter 1 gives a literature overview of the uses and importance of cosmetics. Chapter 2 is a literature overview of the skin and the properties and uses of urea and MSM. Chapter 3 deals with the formulation of urea and MSM products and the chemicals that have been used. Chapter 4 described the methods used for accelerated stability testing. Chapter 5-10 finally deals with the results obtained and the conclusions that were made. The test results showed the following: There was a prominent change in the pH of all the formulated products; this can be due to decomposition of urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia (Beiersdorf, 2003: 1). Higher temperature and moisture increase this decomposition and cause the pH to increase to values as high as 11 (Anon, 2003:20). The viscosity, spreadability, penetration, relative density and appearance of the products remained more or less the same over three months, except for the hair spray where crystals formed in the product that was stored at 5ºC for 1 month due to the menthol in the formulation. The urea and MSM content decreased with time. The lip ice formulation showed concentrations as low as 30% due to poor solubility of the urea and MSM crystals in the waxes of the lip ice formulation. HPLC analysis of the preservatives confirmed their stability in the formulated products. The preservative efficacy results proved that the products were sufficiently protected from microbial contamination. The release study indicated that urea is released at a steady rate from the preparations tested. Urea was released from the moisturising lotion after 120 minutes. In general, the release is influenced by the viscosity of the medium and should be faster from the gel than from the creams or lotion (Shah et al., 199155). In conclusion it can be said that urea and MSM were successfully formulated into the six cosmetic products except for the lip ice, which showed low, unstable concentrations of the actives due to poor solubility of the actives in the waxes of the lip ice formulation. By comparing the results of Claasen, (2003:63) and the results obtained in this study for the hair gel and foot and heel balm, it looks as if MSM had a stabilising effect on urea, by lowering the decrease of urea concentrations over time.
Thesis (M.Sc. (Pharmaceutics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Huang, Pao-Chun, and 黃寶春. "A study on competitive strategy formulation in marketing business for integrated securities firm in brokerage markets – A case study of a Taiwan H securities firm." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11817434284333807868.

Full text
Abstract:
碩士
淡江大學
國際企業學系碩士在職專班
101
The study aims to discuss the situations in recent years when security industry is in face of Europe’s debt crisis and under the influences of disputes on domestic imposition on capital gains tax and National Health Insurance supplement premium, investors lose their confidences in stock market and therefore pull their cash out of stock market, triggering the slumps in volume of trade in brokerage market and to discuss how financial holding securities firm use their existing strengths with management competition strategy to expand brokerage business through effectively promoting the marketing business strategy of cross-selling business in competitive brokerage markets. By targeting a specific financial holding securities firm in the case study, the study is founded on the management strategy of the securities firm in the case study with cross-selling business as its competitive strategy in marketing business to fully expand brokerage business. Based on the strategic management framework proposed by Dr. Lin and Pao (2004), the important relevant factors to enterprise competitive strategy formulation are summarized as references to security industry. This study utilizes case-study method, both of foreign and domestic relevant literature research and collection of primary data and secondary data. The key findings are summarized below: 1. Under the mission statement of the enterprise, combining the analysis and evaluation in inner environment, external industrial environment and overall environment to summarize the important considerations in competitive strategy formulation of H securities company: “bank support, brokerage expansion” in respect to inner environment, “having a large number of high quality clients” in respect to external industrial environment and “open policy, derive demand” in respect to overall environment. Combining foregoing three most important factors, the competitive strategy of the securities firm in the case study is formulated as “full expansion in brokerage business” to meet the requirements of the mission statement. 2. Based on the missions statement of H securities firm in the case study – “becomes number one financial holding securities firm in brokerage business market share”, evaluate its internal environment, external industrial environment and overall environment to name the best strategy for this securities firm to achieve “full expansion in brokerage business” to be promoting cross-selling business as its marketing business strategy.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Books on the topic "H-formulation"

1

Kretzschmar, H. J. Mollier h,s - Diagram for Water and Steam: IAPWS Industrial Formulation 1997 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Water and Steam. Springer, 1998.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Kretzschmar, Hans-Joachim. h,s + T,s - Diagrams for Water and Steam: IAPWS Industrial Formulation 1997 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Water and Steam. Springer, 2006.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

(Firm), Aero Thermo Technology, and George C. Marshall Space Flight Center., eds. Launch vehicle design process description and training formulation: Final report for order no. H-30968D : 23 April 1999 through 15 August 1999. Marshall Space Flight Center, Ala: NASA/George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, 1999.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Mann, Peter. Hamilton-Jacobi Theory. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198822370.003.0019.

Full text
Abstract:
This chapter focuses on Liouville’s theorem and classical statistical mechanics, deriving the classical propagator. The terms ‘phase space volume element’ and ‘Liouville operator’ are defined and an n-particle phase space probability density function is constructed to derive the Liouville equation. This is deconstructed into the BBGKY hierarchy, and radial distribution functions are used to develop n-body correlation functions. Koopman–von Neumann theory is investigated as a classical wavefunction approach. The chapter develops an operatorial mechanics based on classical Hilbert space, and discusses the de Broglie–Bohm formulation of quantum mechanics. Partition functions, ensemble averages and the virial theorem of Clausius are defined and Poincaré’s recurrence theorem, the Gibbs H-theorem and the Gibbs paradox are discussed. The chapter also discusses commuting observables, phase–amplitude decoupling, microcanonical ensembles, canonical ensembles, grand canonical ensembles, the Boltzmann factor, Mayer–Montroll cluster expansion and the equipartition theorem and investigates symplectic integrators, focusing on molecular dynamics.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Book chapters on the topic "H-formulation"

1

Yu, Tang, Jiang Yi Jue, and Luo Wei. "Electromagnetic Characteristics Analysis and AC Loss Evaluation of HTS Tapes Based on H-Formulation." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 410–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25128-4_52.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Tiwari, Ram Chandra, and Netra Prakash Bhandary. "Application of Spectral Element Method (SEM) in Slope Instability Analysis." In Progress in Landslide Research and Technology, Volume 1 Issue 1, 2022, 163–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16898-7_11.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractSpectral element framework for slope instability analysis includes Spectral Element Method (SEM) formulation, system requirements for serial and parallel computations, model preparation with hexahedral meshing in Cubit or Trelis, meshing and mapping technique (h- and p-refinement techniques) according to SEM, applying boundary conditions for 2D and 3D, defining inputs for material model, ground water table, seismic loading as well as processing and visualizing the results in Tecplot and ParaView. Within this framework, the safety factor in slope stability is computed and visualized with greater spectral accuracy and stability.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Huang, Yuzhu, Derong Liu, and Qinglai Wei. "Generalized Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs Formulation-Based Neural Network H ∞ Control for Constrained Input Nonlinear Systems." In Neural Information Processing, 218–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34475-6_27.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Moutsopoulou, Amalia, Georgios E. Stavroulakis, and Anastasios Pouliezos. "Systematic Formulation of Model Uncertainties and Robust Control in Smart Structures Using H ∞ and μ-Analysis." In Computational Methods in Stochastic Dynamics, 179–202. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5134-7_11.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Aremua, Isiaka, Ezinvi Baloïtcha, Mahouton Norbert Hounkonnou, and Komi Sodoga. "On Hilbert-Schmidt Operator Formulation of Noncommutative Quantum Mechanics." In STEAM-H: Science, Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Mathematics & Health, 61–118. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97175-9_3.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

"Appendice H. Formulation hamiltonienne." In Physique des solides, 921–22. EDP Sciences, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-0178-7.c046.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Ambresin, G., V. Beretta, and S. Berney. "Formulation de cas de Monsieur H." In Interventions psychodynamiques brèves, 147–51. Elsevier, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-2-294-70688-2.00013-7.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

"Rotenone in Fisheries: Are the Rewards Worth the Risks?" In Rotenone in Fisheries: Are the Rewards Worth the Risks?, edited by Robert L. Spateholts and Leo D. Lentsch. American Fisheries Society, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569339.ch11.

Full text
Abstract:
<em>Abstract.—</em>Sandmix (powdered rotenone-sand-gelatin mixture) proved to be an effective formulation for treating sources of upwelling groundwater that frequently provide refugia for target species during chemical rehabilitation projects. In trials conducted at Strawberry Springs, Utah, in 1988, 0.25 mg/L and 0.35 mg/L (active ingredient based on 24-h flow volume) rotenone applications of sandmix produced 100% mortality of trout fingerlings placed 4,8, 12 and 24 h after application. Mortality was only 0-70% in trials with the same application rates of liquid rotenone and powdered rotenone and water paste. Over 2,500 lbs of powdered rotenone were made into sandmix and applied to more than 450 seeps and springs during the chemical rehabilitation of Strawberry Valley in 1990. The sandmix generally maintained toxic concentrations for at least 12 h.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Zinn-Justin, Jean. "Quantum statistical physics: Functional integration formalism." In Quantum Field Theory and Critical Phenomena, 64–89. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198834625.003.0004.

Full text
Abstract:
The functional integral representation of the density matrix at thermal equilibrium in non-relativistic quantum mechanics (QM) with many degrees of freedom, in the grand canonical formulation is introduced. In QM, Hamiltonians H(p,q) can be also expressed in terms of creation and annihilation operators, a method adapted to the study of perturbed harmonic oscillators. In the holomorphic formalism, quantum operators act by multiplication and differentiation on a vector space of analytic functions. Alternatively, they can also be represented by kernels, functions of complex variables that correspond in the classical limit to a complex parametrization of phase space. The formalism is adapted to the description of many-body boson systems. To this formalism corresponds a path integral representation of the density matrix at thermal equilibrium, where paths belong to complex spaces, instead of the more usual position–momentum phase space. A parallel formalism can be set up to describe systems with many fermion degrees of freedom, with Grassmann variables replacing complex variables. Both formalisms can be generalized to quantum gases of Bose and Fermi particles in the grand canonical formulation. Field integral representations of the corresponding quantum partition functions are derived.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Ventre, Salvatore, Bruno Carpentieri, Gaspare Giovinco, Antonello Tamburrino, Fabio Villone, and Guglielmo Rubinacci. "An Effective H2-LU Preconditioner for Iterative Solution of MQS Integral-Based Formulation P." In Advances in Fusion Energy Research. From Theory to Models, Algorithms, and Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108106.

Full text
Abstract:
We present iterative solution strategies for solving efficiently Magneto-Quasi-Static (MQS) problems expressed in terms of an integral formulation based on the electric vector potential. Integral formulations give rise to discrete models characterized by linear systems with dense coefficient matrices. Iterative Krylov subspace methods combined with fast compression techniques for the matrix-vector product operation are the only viable approach for treating large scale problems, such as those considered in this study. We propose a fully algebraic preconditioning technique built upon the theory of H2-matrix representation that can be applied to different integral operators and to changes in the geometry, only by tuning a few parameters. Numerical experiments show that the proposed methodology performs much better than the existing one in terms of ability to reduce the number of iterations of a Krylov subspace method, especially for fast transient analysis.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "H-formulation"

1

Karthikeyan, Anantha, and Michael Safonov. "LQ feedback formulation for discrete-time H∞ output feedback." In 2009 Joint 48th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) and 28th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2009.5399820.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Chang, B. c. "Size reduction in four-block H∞ formulation." In 26th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control. IEEE, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.1987.272525.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Buccella, Concettina, Maria Gabriella Cimoroni, and Carlo Cecati. "Simple SHE Formulation for Five-Level Cascaded H-Bridge Inverters." In 2021 IEEE 15th International Conference on Compatibility, Power Electronics and Power Engineering (CPE-POWERENG). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cpe-powereng50821.2021.9501079.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Corona-Sanchez, Manuel A., Enrique Melgoza-Vazquez, Serguei Maximov, and Rafael Escarela-Perez. "An improved time-harmonic 2D eddy current finite element H formulation." In 2016 IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation (CEFC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cefc.2016.7816073.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Becker, Reinard. "Mathematical Formulation and Numerical Modelling of the Extraction of H− ions." In PRODUCTION AND NEUTRALIZATION OF NEGATIVE IONS AND BEAMS: 10th International Symposium on Production and Neutralization of Negative Ions and Beams. AIP, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1908295.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Karthikeyan, Anantha, and Michael Safonov. "On the LQ feedback formulation of H-infinity Output Feedback Control." In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-5993.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Wang, Hengyi, Fei Wang, Fei Gao, and Jianqiang Cheng. "Submodule Capacitor Sizing for Cascaded H-Bridge STATCOM with Sum of Squares Formulation." In 2022 International Power Electronics Conference (IPEC-Himeji 2022- ECCE Asia). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ipec-himeji2022-ecce53331.2022.9806867.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Xu, Yanling, and Wenzhong Qin. "An Effective Global RD Formulation Based Mode Selection Algorithm for Wireless H.264 Communications." In Multimedia and Expo, 2007 IEEE International Conference on. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icme.2007.4284663.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Peni, Tamas, Balazs Kulcsar, and Jozsef Bokor. "An alternative formulation of the interpolation based constrained H∞ control of discrete-time LPV systems." In 2009 European Control Conference (ECC). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ecc.2009.7074884.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Sharifzadeh, Mohammad, Hani Vahedi, Carlo Cecati, Concettina Buccella, and Kamal Al-Haddad. "A generalized formulation of SHM-PAM for cascaded H-bridge inverters with non-equal DC sources." In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icit.2017.7912592.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "H-formulation"

1

Becher, Julie, Samuel Beal, Susan Taylor, Katerina Dontsova, and Dean Wilcox. Photo-transformation of aqueous nitroguanidine and 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one : emerging munitions compounds. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41743.

Full text
Abstract:
Two major components of insensitive munition formulations, nitroguanidine (NQ) and 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO), are highly water soluble and therefore likely to photo-transform while in solution in the environment. The ecotoxicities of NQ and NTO solutions are known to increase with UV exposure, but a detailed accounting of aqueous degradation rates, products, and pathways under different exposure wavelengths is currently lacking. We irradiated aqueous solutions of NQ and NTO over a 32-h period at three ultraviolet wavelengths and analyzed their degradation rates and transformation products. NQ was completely degraded by 30 min at 254 nm and by 4 h at 300 nm, but it was only 10% degraded after 32 h at 350 nm. Mass recoveries of NQ and its transformation products were >80% for all three wavelengths. NTO degradation was greatest at 300 nm with 3% remaining after 32 h, followed by 254 nm (7% remaining) and 350 nm (20% remaining). Mass recoveries of NTO and its transformation products were high for the first 8 h but decreased to 22–48% by 32 h. Environmental half-lives of NQ and NTO in pure water were estimated as 4 and 6 days, respectively. We propose photo-degradation pathways for NQ and NTO supported by observed and quantified degradation products and changes in solution pH.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Moores, Lee, Alan Kennedy, Lauren May, Shinita Jordan, Anthony Bednar, Stacy Jones, David Henderson, Luke Gurtowski, and Kurt Gust. Identifying degradation products responsible for increased toxicity of UV-degraded insensitive munitions. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42020.

Full text
Abstract:
Degradation of insensitive munitions (IMs) by ultraviolet (UV) light has become a concern following observations that some UV-degradation products have increased toxicity relative to parent compounds in aquatic organisms. This investigation focused on the Army's IM formulation, IMX-101, composed of three IM constituents: 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN), 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO), and nitroguanidine (NQ). The IM constituents and IMX-101 were irradiated in a UV photo-reactor and then administered to Daphnia pulex in acute (48 h) exposures comparing toxicities relative to the parent materials. UV-degradation of DNAN had little effect on mortality whereas mortality for UV-degraded NTO and NQ increased by factors of 40.3 and 1240, making UV-degraded NQ the principle driver of toxicity when IMX-101 is UV-degraded. Toxicity investigations for specific products formed during UV-degradation of NQ, confirmed greater toxicity than the parent NQ for degradation products. Summation of the individual toxic units for the complete set of individually measured UV-degradation products identified for NQ only accounted for 25% of the overall toxicity measured in the exposures to the UV-degraded NQ product mixture. Given the underestimation of toxicity using the sum toxic units for the individually measured UV-degradation products of NQ, we conclude that: (1) other unidentified NQ degradation products contributed principally to toxicity and/or (2) synergistic toxicological interactions occurred among the NQ degradation product mixture that exacerbated toxicity.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'H-formulation' for particular source types:
Journal articles
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography