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1

TULLIO, CHIARA. "Development of an effective tumor-targeted contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging based on Mn/H-ferritin nanocomplexes." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/307662.

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La risonanza magnetica per immagini è una delle tecniche diagnostiche più sofisticate attualmente utilizzate in clinica. I mezzi di contrasto di contrasto (MC) possono essere somministrati per ottenere una migliore risoluzione delle immagini dei tessuti detectabili, nonché per ridurre il rischio di diagnosi errate causate dalla limitata sensitività di questa tecnica. Attualmente, soltanto alcuni MC a base di gadolinio sono approvati per un utilizzo in ambito clinico. Tuttavia, a causa di alcune problematiche legate alla loro tossicità, la loro somministrazione è consentita soltanto in particolari pazienti e con il minimo dosaggio. In questa tesi è riportata la sintesi e la validazione di un nuovo tipo di MC a base di manganese: Mn@HFn-RT. Il manganese è un metallo endogeno paramagnetico in grado di produrre un contrasto positivo simile al gadolinio e con una inferiore tossicità per l’uomo. Ioni di manganese sono stati caricati efficacemente all’interno del guscio di una proteina ricombinante chiamata H-ferritina, che si è dimostrato essere riconosciuta dalle cellule che overesprimono il recettore TfR1, come accade nella maggior parte delle cellule tumorali. Mn@HFn-RT è stato caratterizzato, dimostrando un’eccellente stabilità colloidale, un’ottima relassività ed un buon profilo di sicurezza. Da esperimenti condotti in vitro è stato possibile confermare la capacità di Mn@HFn-RT di raggiungere efficacemente le cellule tumorali, e si è inoltre dimostrata la sua abilità di favorire il riconoscimento di masse tumorali in vivo: infatti, Mn@HFn-RT somministrato con un basso dosaggio di metallo, ha dimostrato una ottima clearance ed è stato in grado di far risaltare una massa di tumore al seno impiantato in topo. Per tali motivi, Mn@HFn-RT può essere considerato un promettente MC per la risonanza magnetica.
Magnetic resonance imaging is one of the most sophisticated diagnostic tools in clinic. Contrast agents (CAs) may be exploited to afford much clearer images of detectable organs and to reduce the risk of misdiagnosis, due to the limited sensitivity of the technique. Actually, only a few gadolinium-based CAs are approved for clinical use. Nevertheless, concerns over their toxicity remain and their administration is approved only under strict control. In the present study it is reported the synthesis and validation of a novel manganese-based CA, Mn@HFn-RT. Manganese is an endogenous paramagnetic metal able to produce a positive contrast like gadolinium, however it is estimated to cause lower toxicity for human body. MN ions have been efficiently loaded inside the shell of a recombinant human protein called H-ferritin that is recognized by cells overexpressing TfR1, including the majority of cancer cell. Mn@HFn-RT was characterized, showing excellent colloidal stability, superior relaxivity and good safety profile. From in vitro experiments it was possible to confirm the ability of Mn@HFn-RT to efficiently target cancer cells and thus favor the detection of the tumor region in a breast cancer in vivo model with very low metal dosages and showing rapid clearance. Mn@HFn-RT looks a promising CA candidate to be developed for MRI.
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2

DUGAST, ISABELLE. "Genetique moleculaire de l'hemochromatose idiopathique : etude du gene ferritine h du chromosome 6." Rennes 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988REN10062.

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Recherche d'une forme nouvelle de ferritine, attribuee au chromosome 6, dans la region du locus hi, marquee par les haplotypes hla. Mise en evidence d'un gene de grande taille dont les coupures enzymatiques suggerent la presence possible d'introns. Ce clone permet de decrire un polymorphisme possible du gene ferritine h sur le chromosome 6
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3

FERREIRA, CHRYSTOPHE. "Etablissement et caracterisation d'un modele de souris deficientes en sous-unite h ferritine." Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA077078.

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La ferritine est une proteine ubiquitaire qui joue un role majeur dans le stockage, la biodisponibilite et la detoxication du fer intracellulaire. Chez les mammiferes, la ferritine est un heteropolymere compose de 2 types de sous-unites, h et l, formant une coque proteique dans laquelle le fer est stocke sous une forme cristalline. Des etudes in vitro sur des proteines recombinantes indiquent que la sous-unite h a une activite ferroxydase permettant une incorporation rapide du metal dans le polymere alors que la sous-unite l catalyse la nucleation du cur ferrique. Afin de preciser in vivo les roles respectifs de ces sous-unites dans le metabolisme du fer, nous avons etabli par recombinaison homologue dans les cellules es une lignee de souris deficientes en sous-unite h ferritine (h-ft). L'etude de ces animaux a permis de preciser la fonction biologique de la proteine : le defaut complet en h-ft conduit a une letalite embryonnaire precoce entre le 4 e m e et le 9 e m e jour de developpement. Ce phenotype confirme l'importance biologique de l'activite ferroxydase de la h-ft et l'absence de redondance fonctionnelle de cette activite. A 9,5 jours de developpement, le gene h-ft est transcrit principalement dans le cur et le cerveau. L'expression precoce et tissus-specifique dans ces organes particulierement sensibles au stress oxydatif suggere un role protecteur de la ferritine vis a vis de ce processus. Les souris heterozygotes ont une quantite de h-ft tissulaire diminuee d'un facteur 2 environ mais ne presentent ni surcharge tissulaire en fer ni perturbation physiopathologique. Cette observation confirme in vivo que quelques sous-unites h dans le polymere suffisent a la fonction de la ferritine. La reduction de la h-ft s'accompagne
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4

Offermann, Stefanie. ""Shotgun-Kristallisation"- Strukturaufklärung eines Ferritins und einer Glyzerin-Dehydrogenase aus dem Archaeon H. salinarum." Diss., lmu, 2003. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-9349.

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5

MAUVIEUX-LELAURE, VALERIE. "Pseudogene h-ferritine du chromosome 6 (locus fthp1) : sequence, localisation, description de deux marqueurs polymorphiques." Rennes 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991REN10122.

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L'hemochromatose est une maladie hereditaire a transmission autosomique recessive caracterisee par une surcharge tissulaire en fer. L'anomalie genomique en cause a ete localisee sur le bras court du chromosome 6 a moins d'un centimorgan du locus hla-a. La mise en evidence dans cette meme region d'une sequence h-ferritine (la feritine etant une proteine majeure du metabolisme du fer) a constitue le point de depart de notre sujet de recherche. Afin d'isoler et d'etudier cette sequence h-ferritine du chromosome 6, differentes etapes ont ete menees a bien: 1) realisation d'une banque partielle d'adn genomique provenant d'un sujet hemochromatosique (l'adn du sujet normal etant etudie en parallele a boston) en phage lambda l147-1. 2. Isolement d'un clone contenant un insert de 12 kb possedant la sequence h-ferritine cible et sous-clonage de la sequence interessante. 3. Sequencage des sous-clones obtenus. 4. Analyse de la sequence h-ferritine chromosome 6 par comparaison avec l'acdn h-ferritine et avec certains retrogenes h-ferritine deja decrits. 5. Etude de deux marqueurs polymorphiques specifiques du locus fthp1. En conclusion, ce travail a permis d'eliminer l'hypothese d'une identite entre le pseudogene h-ferritine caracterise ici et le gene de l'hemochromatose, de preciser genetiquement la localisation du locus fthp1 et d'apporter certains elements en faveur de l'existence d'un deuxieme gene h-ferritine fonctionnel
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6

YACHOU, ABDELKADER. "Caracterisation de la famille multigenique h ferritine de souris et etude du role de la sous-unite h dans la synthese de l'heme." Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA077298.

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La ferritine, proteine de stockage de fer, est constituee de 24 sous-unites qui sont de deux types h et l. Ces sous-unites sont codees par deux familles multigeniques distinctes. Il a ete suggere qu'un deuxieme gene h existe et serait responsable de l'hemochromatose idiopathique. Le nombre de sequences h est plus reduit dans le genome de souris que dans celui de l'homme. Nous avons crible une banque genomique de souris a l'aide d'une sonde adnc h de souris. Nous avons isole cinq groupes de clones, trois pseudogenes et deux formes allelique d'un seul gene, que nous avons localise, par hybridation in situ, sur trois chromosomes: 3, 6 et 19. En procedant par la liaison genetique dans des croisements interspecifiques de souris, nous avons localise le gene h sur le chromosome 19. Afin d'etudier le role de la sous-unite h, nous avons realise des transfectants stables de cellules mel, surexprimant cette proteine. Nous avons estime le nombre de copies integrees du gene transfecte et les messagers correspondants, par pcr quantitative, la proteine h par western blot et l'accumulation d'hemoglobine, par dosage colorimetrique. Nos resultats suggerent que la sous-unite h facilite la mobilisation du fer pour la synthese de l'heme
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7

Sakamoto, Souichiro. "H-Ferritin Is Preferentially Incorporated by Human Erythroid Cells through Transferrin Receptor 1 in a Threshold-Dependent Manner." Kyoto University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215433.

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8

Koorts, Alida Maria. "Expression of the H-subunit and L-subunit of ferritin in bone marrow macrophages and cells of the erythron during chronic immune stimulation." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03122010-195432/.

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9

Briand-David, Véronique. "Génétique moléculaire de l'hémochromatose idiopathique approche par le polymorphisme de restriction des gènes des sous-unités H de la ferritine, et des gènes HLA classe 1 /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37612408x.

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10

Briand-David, Véronique. "Genetique moleculaire de l'hemochromatose idiopathique : approche par le polymorphisme de restriction des genes des sous-unites h de la ferritine, et des genes hla de classe i." Rennes 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988REN10110.

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11

Schmidt, Annemarie [Verfasser], Dirk [Akademischer Betreuer] Haller, Hannelore [Gutachter] Daniel, and Dirk [Gutachter] Haller. "Impact of dietary iron on chronic intestinal inflammation: role of iron storage protein ferritin H and replacement therapy / Annemarie Schmidt ; Gutachter: Hannelore Daniel, Dirk Haller ; Betreuer: Dirk Haller." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1213025842/34.

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12

Mesquita, Gonçalo Augusto Taborda da Costa Laranja. "Impact of H-ferritin deficiency on macrophage viability and iron status." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/6729.

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Almost all life on Earth has a great demand for iron. Importance of iron is based on its crucial participation on several fundamental processes such as DNA and RNA synthesis, cell proliferation and energy production. However, this mineral needs to be strictly controlled and properly stored, as free iron can induce tissue and cell damage through the formation of free radicals. Iron traffic and distribution is controlled by complex systems, operating both at systemic and at cellular levels. Ferritin plays a key role in this respect. The ferritin protein, composed of H and L subunits, is responsible for safely storing iron inside the cells. Macrophages are central cells both for immune response to infection and for the iron metabolism and distribution. Previous work of our group showed that macrophages infected with mycobacteria increase their content in H-ferritin (FTH1). The main goal of this thesis was to investigate the role of FTH1 in macrophage physiology, using bone marrow-derived macrophages from mice with a conditional deletion of Fth1 in the myeloid lineage. Our data showed that FTH1 was not necessary for macrophages’ differentiation from bone marrow precursors. FTH1-deficient macrophages kept their viability and had a normal expression of iron-related genes. Nonetheless, when challenged with exogenous iron, macrophages lacking Fth1 have increased mortality, probably due to the increase in free iron and subsequent increase in oxidative damage. Furthermore, the impact of Fth1 on macrophage response to both immune and bacterial stimuli was studied. Our results demonstrated a clear role for H-ferritin in protection against IFN-? toxicity, as cells that do not express Fth1 had their viability impaired alongside with higher mortality. Gene expression of iron metabolism-related genes, between genotypes, was altered, especially in cells treated with IFN-?+LPS. Additionally, nitrites production was hampered in macrophages lacking Fth1. In conclusion, these findings indicate that FTH1 is essential for cellular protection against iron and IFN-?-induced toxicity. Future work will deepen our knowledge onto the mechanisms behind the protective role of FTH1 in macrophages, against these different external insults, and also in the context of infection.
O ferro é essencial para a sobrevivência de quase todos os organismos vivos, sendo um elemento fundamental em diversas funções celulares, como a síntese do ADN e do ARN, proliferação celular e produção de energia. No entanto, este mineral necessita de ser cuidadosamente regulado e armazenado. Para tal, o metabolismo do ferro necessita de ser controlado a nível sistémico e celular. O ferro que não se encontra armazenado, ou ligado a alguma proteína, pode participar em reações que levam à formação de radicais livres, que podem promover a degradação o ADN, ARN, proteínas, entre outros. Para evitar estes efeitos nefastos, as células desenvolveram vários mecanismos, entre eles, a ferritina. A ferritina é uma proteína composta por duas subunidades, a H e a L, que são responsáveis pelo armazenamento do ferro. Os macrófagos têm um papel essencial, tanto na resposta imune à infeção, como no metabolismo e distribuição do ferro. Estudos anteriores do nosso laboratório demonstraram que quando infetados com micobactérias os macrófagos aumentam os seus níveis de ferritina-H (FTH1). O objetivo desta tese foi investigar o papel da FTH1 na biologia do macrófago. Para tal, foram usados macrófagos derivados da medula óssea de murganhos, com uma deleção condicional da ferritina-H, na linhagem mieloide. Os nossos resultados começaram por demonstrar que a FTH1 não é necessária à diferenciação dos macrófagos, a partir dos seus precursores. Além disso, a viabilidade e a expressão de genes relacionados com o metabolismo do ferro também não foram diferentes em macrófagos deficientes em FTH1. No entanto, quando estimulados por ferro exógeno, a viabilidade celular destes macrófagos diminuiu e, de forma concordante, a morte celular aumentou. Estes fenómenos, podem estar a ocorrer devido a um aumento do ferro livre e subsequente aumento de dano devido ao stress oxidativo. Posteriormente, analisámos o impacto da FTH1 na resposta dos macrófagos a estímulos imunológicos e/ou bacterianos. Pudemos concluir que há um claro papel da FTH1 na proteção contra a toxicidade do IFN-?, sendo que os macrófagos que não expressavam Fth1, tiveram a sua viabilidade reduzida e uma maior percentagem de morte celular. A expressão génica, de outros elementos envolvidos no metabolismo do ferro, nos macrófagos desprovidos de Fth1, também se encontrava alterada, com especial foco em células tratadas com IFN-?+LPS. Além disso, a produção de nitritos nestas células encontrava-se diminuída. Em conclusão, estes resultados indicam um papel preponderante da FTH1 na proteção celular contra a toxicidade induzida tanto pelo ferro, como pelo IFN-?. Num trabalho futuro, pretendemos aprofundar os mecanismos responsáveis pela proteção conferida pela FTH1, aos macrófagos, assim como abordar o seu papel num contexto de infeção.
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13

MacKenzie, ELizabeth Louise. "Regulation of the ferritin H gene in the cellular response to stress." 2007. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-03172007-124809/unrestricted/etd.pdf.

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14

Offermann, Stefanie [Verfasser]. ""Shotgun-Kristallisation" - Strukturaufklärung eines Ferritins und einer Glyzerin-Dehydrogenase aus dem Archaeon H. salinarum / von Stefanie Offermann." 2003. http://d-nb.info/967513871/34.

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15

Hailemariam, Kiros Fanta. "HIPK2 is a novel ATF1 kinase and regulates transcription of the human ferritin H gene through an antioxidant responsive element." 2007. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-05022007-170354/unrestricted/etd.pdf.

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