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Kavaler, Joshua, Hong Duan, Rajaguru Aradhya, Luis F. de Navas, Brian Joseph, Boris Shklyar, and Eric C. Lai. "miRNA suppression of a Notch repressor directs non-neuronal fate in Drosophila mechanosensory organs." Journal of Cell Biology 217, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 571–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201706101.
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Although there is abundant evidence that individual microRNA (miRNA) loci repress large cohorts of targets, large-scale knockout studies suggest that most miRNAs are phenotypically dispensable. Here, we identify a rare case of developmental cell specification that is highly dependent on miRNA control of an individual target. We observe that binary cell fate choice in the Drosophila melanogaster peripheral sensory organ lineage is controlled by the non-neuronally expressed mir-279/996 cluster, with a majority of notum sensory organs exhibiting transformation of sheath cells into ectopic neurons. The mir-279/996 defect phenocopies Notch loss of function during the sheath–neuron cell fate decision, suggesting the miRNAs facilitate Notch signaling. Consistent with this, mir-279/996 knockouts are strongly enhanced by Notch heterozygosity, and activated nuclear Notch is impaired in the miRNA mutant. Although Hairless (H) is the canonical nuclear Notch pathway inhibitor, and H heterozygotes exhibit bristle cell fate phenotypes reflecting gain-of-Notch signaling, H/+ does not rescue mir-279/996 mutants. Instead, we identify Insensible (Insb), another neural nuclear Notch pathway inhibitor, as a critical direct miR-279/996 target. Insb is posttranscriptionally restricted to neurons by these miRNAs, and its heterozygosity strongly suppresses ectopic peripheral nervous system neurons in mir-279/996 mutants. Thus, proper assembly of multicellular mechanosensory organs requires a double-negative circuit involving miRNA-mediated suppression of a Notch repressor to assign non-neuronal cell fate.
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Huang, Yu, Jun Chen, Wei Zou, Linxing Zhang, Lei Hu, Min He, Lin Gu, Jinxia Deng, and Xianran Xing. "TiO2/CdS porous hollow microspheres rapidly synthesized by salt-assistant aerosol decomposition method for excellent photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance." Dalton Transactions 45, no. 3 (2016): 1160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5dt03637b.
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Barella, Susanna, Ramon Simon-Lopez, Nicola Di Gaetano, and Renzo Galanello. "Alfa Thalassemia Intermedia (HbH disease): How the New Information Provided by the Routine Hematology Analysers May Help in Its Differential Diagnosis or Flagging." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 5180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.5180.5180.
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Abstract Abstract 5180 Alpha-thalassemia (α-thalassemia) has two clinically significant forms: hemoglobin Bart hydrops fetalis (Hb Bart) syndrome and hemoglobin H (HbH) disease. HbH disease is characterized by microcytic hypochromic hemolytic anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, mild jaundice, and sometimes thalassemia-like bone changes. Diagnostic of Alfa Thalassemia: Classic testing for α-thalassemia includes: hematologic testing of red blood cell indices, peripheral blood smear, supravital stain to detect RBC inclusion bodies, and qualitative and quantitative hemoglobin analysis. HBA1, the gene encoding α1-globin, and HBA2, the gene encoding α2-globin, are the two genes most commonly associated with α-thalassemia. Molecular genetic testing of HBA1 and HBA2 detects deletions in about 90% and point mutations in about 10% of affected individuals. Objective: Recently have been developed new parameters and information in the new automated hematology analyzer called DxH8008™ from Beckman Coulter as @MSCV, @RSF, @MAF, @LHD% and many morphological parameters for RBC and Reticulocytes calles Cell Population Data. All this parameters may be used to create flagging for laboratory use only (LUO) or Research use only (RUO). The purpose of this study is to investigate the possible use or utility of this new information for the screening/flagging of Alfa Thalassemia. Patient and Methods: We have collected 129 patients with Alfa Thalassemia Intermedia (HbH disease). All of them were confirmed by red cell morphology, Hgb Electroforesis, cromatography in liquid phase in human whole blood for the determination of Hemoglobin A2, F, A1c, and identification of abnormal hemoglobins and DNA analysis (DNA Analysis by GAP-PCR). We have compared these patients with a control group (184 individuals) and with other anemias (see Table 1). Results: Using ROC analysis, the best parameters differentiating the HbH Disease from the normals were: RDW (AUC 1. 000), @LHD(AUC 1. 000), @MAF(AUC 1. 000), @MCNRET (AUC 1. 000), MCV (AUC 0. 999), @MCRET (AUC 0. 999), @RSF (AUC 0. 998), HGB (AUC 0. 996), @MSCV (AUC 0. 995). Using ROC analysis, the best parameters differentiating the HbH Disease from other anemias (excluding normals) were: @LHD(AUC 0. 957), @MCNRET (AUC 0. 946), @MCRET (AUC 0. 902), @MAF(AUC 0. 873), MCV (AUC 0. 869). Using logistic regression we found a discrminant function that permits to differentiate/flag perfectly the patients with HbH disease from other anemias, and of course from normals: AUC 0. 996) Sensitivity: 91. 47% Specificity 94. 68% with a percent of cases correctly classified of: 93. 67 %. Disclosures: Simon-Lopez: Beckman Coulter: @LHD, @MAF, @RSF, @LHD, @MAF, @RSF Patents & Royalties, Employment. Di Gaetano:Instrumentation Laboratory spa: Work for a distributor of Beckman Coulter Instruments in Italy Other. Galanello:Novartis: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Apopharma: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Ferrokin: Research Funding.
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Pennell, John A. "Globalization." American Journal of Islam and Society 15, no. 3 (October 1, 1998): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v15i3.2158.
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Since the 1960s, the world has witnessed an increasing fragmentationof the production process across national boundaries; the emergence oftransnational (as opposed to multinational) corporations; the rise of newsocial movements; and heightened cross-border flows of capital andlabor. As a result of these developments, scholars and practitioners havesought to understand what has brought about these changes. Is globalizationthe culprit, or is it simply a myth? If globalization is a reality, whatdoes it entail and how does it affect the realms of economy, polityy andsociety? In Paul Hirst and Grahame Thompson’s Globalization inQuestion: The International Economy and the Possibilities ofGovernance (1 996); James H. Mittelman’s (Ed.) Globalization: CriticalReflections (1 996); and Malcolm Waters’ Globalization (1 999, the struggleto answer these questions and many others is undertaken.’This article critiques the major points presented by each author inregard to the questions asked above. Each author’s views on globalizationas it relates to the economy, the state, and culture will be examined.Furthermore, this article will show that while all three works have theirdrawbacks and shortcomings, it is recommended that each book be readto gain an understanding of the wide range of empirical and theoreticalperspectives on globalization. The conclusion will offer suggestions onareas requiring more in-depth inquiry.What Is Globalization?While Mittelman, as well as Hirst and Thompson, discuss globalizationprimarily in terms of economic processes, Waters sees globalizationas driven by social or cultural processes. According to him, globalizationis a “social process in which the constraints of geography on social andcultural arrangements recede and in which people become increasinglyaware that they are receding” (p. 3). Waters contends that in a truly ...
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Börnhorst, Claudia, Inge Huybrechts, Antje Hebestreit, Barbara Vanaelst, Dénes Molnár, Silvia Bel-Serrat, Theodora Mouratidou, et al. "Diet–obesity associations in children: approaches to counteract attenuation caused by misreporting." Public Health Nutrition 16, no. 2 (October 9, 2012): 256–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980012004491.
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AbstractObjectiveMeasurement errors in dietary data lead to attenuated estimates of associations between dietary exposures and health outcomes. The present study aimed to compare and evaluate different approaches of handling implausible reports by exemplary analysis of the association between dietary intakes (total energy, soft drinks, fruits/vegetables) and overweight/obesity in children.DesignCross-sectional multicentre study.SettingKindergartens/schools from eight European countries participating in the IDEFICS Study.SubjectsChildren (n 5357) aged 2–9 years who provided one 24 h dietary recall and complete covariate information.ResultsThe 24 h recalls were classified into three reporting groups according to adapted Goldberg cut-offs: under-report, plausible report or over-report. In the basic logistic multilevel model (adjusted for age and sex, including study centre as random effect), the dietary exposures showed no significant association with overweight/obesity (energy intake: OR=0·996 (95 % CI 0·983, 1·010); soft drinks: OR = 0·999 (95 % CI 0·986, 1·013)) and revealed even a positive association for fruits/vegetables (OR = 1·009 (95 % CI 1·001, 1·018)). When adding the reporting group (dummy variables) and a propensity score for misreporting as adjustment terms, associations became significant for energy intake as well as soft drinks (energy: OR = 1·074 (95 % CI 1·053, 1·096); soft drinks: OR = 1·015 (95 % CI 1·000, 1·031)) and the association between fruits/vegetables and overweight/obesity pointed to the reverse direction compared with the basic model (OR = 0·993 (95 % CI 0·984, 1·002)).ConclusionsAssociations between dietary exposures and health outcomes are strongly affected or even masked by measurement errors. In the present analysis consideration of the reporting group and inclusion of a propensity score for misreporting turned out to be useful tools to counteract attenuation of effect estimates.
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Döbrönte, Zoltán, Erzsébet Toldy, Levente Márk, Krisztina Sarang, and Lilla Lakner. "Effects of rectal indomethacin in the prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis." Orvosi Hetilap 153, no. 25 (June 2012): 990–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2012.29403.
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Recently non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have seemed to reduce the frequency of post-ERCP pancreatitis in some prospective controlled trials, but the results have to be confirmed by further studies. Aim: to evaluate the efficacy of rectally administered indomethacin for the reduction of incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis. Method: A prospective randomized placebo-controlled study was conducted in 228 patients who underwent ERCP. Patients were randomized to receive a suppository containing 100 mg indomethacin or an inert placebo 10 mins before ERCP. Patients were evaluated clinically and biochemically by using serum amylase levels measured 24 h after the procedure. Results: Pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia occurred more frequently in the placebo group, but the difference was not significant. In respect to the rate of pancreatitis, this tendency could particularly be observed in females, in patients older than 60 years and in patients with BMI lower than 25; however, it completely failed in cases with pancreatic duct filling or in those with pancreatic EST. Conclusions: Rectal indomethacin given before ERCP did not prove to be statistically effective in the reduction of the incidence of post-procedure pancreatitis. Further, controlled multicenter studies are required to assess safely the potential efficacy of indomethacin in the prevention of pancreatitis following ERCP. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 990–996.
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Saetan, Wanida, Changxu Tian, Jiawang Yu, Xinghua Lin, Feixiang He, Yang Huang, Hongjuan Shi, Yulei Zhang, and Guangli Li. "Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Gill Tissue in Response to Hypoxia in Silver Sillago (Sillago sihama)." Animals 10, no. 4 (April 6, 2020): 628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10040628.
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Silver sillago (Sillago sihama) is a commercially important marine fish species in East Asia. In this study, we compared the transcriptome response to hypoxia stress in the gill tissue of S. sihama. The fish were divided into four groups, such as 1 h of hypoxia (hypoxia1h, DO = 1.5 ± 0.1 mg/L), 4 h of hypoxia (hypoxia4h, DO = 1.5 ± 0.1 mg/L), 4 h of reoxygen (reoxygen4h, DO = 8.0 ± 0.2 mg/L) after 4 h of hypoxia (DO = 1.5 mg/L), and normoxia or control (DO = 8.0 ± 0.2 mg/L) groups. Compared to the normoxia group, a total of 3550 genes were identified as differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (log2foldchange > 1 and padj < 0.05), including 1103, 1451 and 996 genes in hypoxia1h, hypoxia4h and reoxygen4h groups, respectively. Only 247 DEGs were differentially co-expressed in all treatment groups. According to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, DEGs were significantly enriched in steroid biosynthesis, biosynthesis of amino acids, glutathione metabolism and metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, ferroptosis and drug metabolism—cytochrome P450 pathways. Of these, the cytochrome P450 (CYP) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene families were widely expressed. Our study represents the insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of hypoxia stress.
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Zhao, Lu, Xiao-Dong Li, Tao Jiang, Hang Wang, Zhicuo Dan, Sheng-Quan Xu, and De-Long Guan. "The Chromosome-Level Genome of Hestina assimilis (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Reveals the Evolution of Saprophagy-Related Genes in Brush-Footed Butterflies." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 3 (January 20, 2023): 2087. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032087.
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Most butterflies feed on nectar, while some saprophagous butterflies forage on various non-nectar foods. To date, little is known about the genomic and molecular shifts associated with the evolution of the saprophagous feeding strategy. Here, we assembled the high-quality chromosome-level genome of Hestina assimilis to explore its saprophagous molecular and genetic mechanisms. This chromosome-level genome of H. assimilis is 412.82 Mb, with a scaffold N50 of 15.70 Mb. In total, 98.11% of contigs were anchored to 30 chromosomes. Compared with H. assimilis and other Nymphalidae butterflies, the genes of metabolism and detoxification experienced expansions. We annotated 80 cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes in the H. assimilis genome, among which genes belonging to the CYP4 subfamily were significantly expanded (p < 0.01). These P450 genes were unevenly distributed and mainly concentrated on chromosomes 6–9. We identified 33 olfactory receptor (OR), 20 odorant-binding protein (OBP), and six gustatory receptor (GR) genes in the H. assimilis genome, which were fewer than in the nectarivorous Danaus plexippus. A decreased number of OBP, OR, and GR genes implied that H. assimilis should resort less to olfaction and gustation than their nectarivorous counterparts, which need highly specialized olfactory and gustatory functions. Moreover, we found one site under positive selection occurred in residue 996 (phenylalanine) of GR genes exclusive to H. assimilis, which is conservative in most lineages. Our study provides support for the adaptive evolution of feeding habits in butterflies.
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Kiprijanova, I., C. Berthet, M. Fischer, B. Leuchs, J. Schlehofer, and J. Rommelaere. "996 Treatment of Human Glioma Xenografts With Oncolytic H-1PV –a Comparison of Various Ways of Virus Application." European Journal of Cancer 48 (July 2012): S240—S241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-8049(12)71614-3.
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Hansen, Jonathan, Keyun Qing, and Arun Srivastava. "Adeno-Associated Virus Type 2-Mediated Gene Transfer: Altered Endocytic Processing Enhances Transduction Efficiency in Murine Fibroblasts." Journal of Virology 75, no. 9 (May 1, 2001): 4080–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.75.9.4080-4090.2001.
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ABSTRACT Adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV) is a single-stranded-DNA-containing, nonpathogenic human parvovirus that is currently in use as a vector for human gene therapy. However, the transduction efficiency of AAV vectors in different cell and tissue types varies widely. In addition to the lack of expression of the viral receptor and coreceptors and the rate-limiting viral second-strand DNA synthesis, which have been identified as obstacles to AAV-mediated transduction, we have recently demonstrated that impaired intracellular trafficking of AAV inhibits high-efficiency transduction of the murine fibroblast cell line, NIH 3T3 (J. Hansen, K. Qing, H. J. Kwon, C. Mah, and A. Srivastava, J. Virol. 74:992–996, 2000). In this report, we document that escape of AAV from the endocytic pathway in NIH 3T3 cells is not limited but processing within endosomes is impaired compared with that observed in the highly permissive human cell line 293. While virions were found in both early and late endosomes or lysosomes of infected 293 cells, they were localized predominantly to the early endosomes in NIH 3T3 cells. Moreover, treatment of cells with bafilomycin A1 (Baf), an inhibitor of the vacuolar H+-ATPase and therefore of endosomal-lysosomal acidification, decreased the transduction of 293 cells with a concomitant decrease in nuclear trafficking of AAV but had no effect on NIH 3T3 cells. However, after exposure of NIH 3T3 cells to hydroxyurea (HU), a compound known to increase AAV-mediated transduction in general, virions were detected in late endosomes and lysosomes, and these cells became sensitive to Baf-mediated inhibition of transduction. Thus, HU treatment overcomes defective endocytic processing of AAV in murine fibroblasts. These studies provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of intracellular trafficking of AAV in different cell types, which has implications in the optimal use of AAV as vectors in human gene therapy.
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Mendenhall, L. A., S. C. Swanson, D. L. Habash, and A. R. Coggan. "Ten days of exercise training reduces glucose production and utilization during moderate-intensity exercise." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 266, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): E136—E143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1994.266.1.e136.
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We have previously shown that 12 wk of endurance training reduces the rate of glucose appearance (Ra) during submaximal exercise (Coggan, A. R., W. M. Kohrt, R. J. Spina, D. M. Bier, and J. O. Holloszy. J. Appl. Physiol. 68: 990-996, 1990). The purpose of the present study was to examine the time course of and relationship between training-induced alterations in glucose kinetics and endocrine responses during prolonged exercise. Accordingly, seven men were studied during 2 h of cycle ergometer exercise at approximately 60% of pretraining peak oxygen uptake on three occasions: before, after 10 days, and after 12 wk of endurance training. Ra was determined using a primed, continuous infusion of [6,6-2H]glucose. Ten days of training reduced mean Ra during exercise from 36.9 +/- 3.3 (SE) to 28.5 +/- 3.4 mumol.min-1.kg-1 (P < 0.001). Exercise-induced changes in insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, norepinephrine, and epinephrine were also significantly blunted. After 12 wk of training, Ra during exercise was further reduced to 21.5 +/- 3.1 mumol.min-1.kg-1 (P < 0.001 vs. 10 days), but hormone concentrations were not significantly different from 10-day values. The lower glucose Ra during exercise after short-term (10 days) training is accompanied by, and may be due to, altered plasma concentrations of the major glucoregulatory hormones. However, other adaptations must be responsible for the further reduction in Ra with more prolonged training.
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Middha, Sumit, Liying Zhang, Khedoudja Nafa, Gowtham Jayakumaran, Donna Wong, Hyunjae R. Kim, Justyna Sadowska, et al. "Reliable Pan-Cancer Microsatellite Instability Assessment by Using Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing Data." JCO Precision Oncology, no. 1 (November 2017): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/po.17.00084.
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Purpose Microsatellite instability (MSI)/mismatch repair (MMR) status is increasingly important in the management of patients with cancer to predict response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. We determined MSI status from large-panel clinical targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) data across various solid cancer types. Methods The MSI statuses of 12,288 advanced solid cancers consecutively sequenced with Memorial Sloan Kettering-Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets clinical NGS assay were inferred by using MSIsensor, a program that reports the percentage of unstable microsatellites as a score. Cutoff score determination and sensitivity/specificity were based on MSI polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and MMR immunohistochemistry. Results By using an MSIsensor score ≥ 10 to define MSI high (MSI-H), 83 (8%) of 996 colorectal cancers (CRCs) and 42 (16%) of 260 uterine endometrioid cancers (UECs) were MSI-H. Validation against MSI PCR and/or MMR immunohistochemistry performed for 138 (24 MSI-H, 114 microsatellite stable [MSS]) CRCs, and 40 (15 MSI-H, 25 MSS) UECs showed a concordance of 99.4%. MSIsensor also identified 68 MSI-H/MMR-deficient (MMR-D) non-CRC/UECs. Of 9,591 non-CRC/UEC tumors with MSS MSIsensor status, 456 (4.8%) had slightly elevated scores (≥ 3 and < 10) of which 96.6% with available material were confirmed to be MSS by MSI PCR. MSI-H was also detected and confirmed in three non-CRC/UECs with low exonic mutation burden (< 20). MSIsensor correctly scored all 15 polymerase ε ultra-mutated cancers as negative for MSI. Conclusion MSI status can be reliably inferred by MSIsensor from large-panel targeted NGS data. Concurrent MSI testing by NGS is resource efficient, is potentially more sensitive for MMR-D than MSI PCR, and allows identification of MSI-H across various cancers not typically screened, as highlighted by the finding that 35% (68 of 193) of all MSI-H tumors were non-CRC/UEC.
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Guo, Xiuxiu, Qingjun Wang, Yuan Liu, Xuejie Zhang, Luoyan Zhang, and Shoujin Fan. "Screening of Salt Stress Responsive Genes in Brachypodium distachyon (L.) Beauv. by Transcriptome Analysis." Plants 9, no. 11 (November 9, 2020): 1522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9111522.
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As one of the most common abiotic stresses, salt stress seriously impairs crop yield. Brachypodium distachyon (L.) Beauv. is a model species for studying wheat and other grasses. In the present investigation, the physiological responses of B. distachyon treated with different concentrations of NaCl for 24 h were measured. Therefore, the control and the seedlings of B. distachyon treated with 200 mM NaCl for 24 h were selected for transcriptome analysis. Transcriptome differential analysis showed that a total of 4116 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were recognized, including 3120 upregulated and 996 downregulated ones. GO enrichment assay indicated that some subsets of genes related to the active oxygen scavenging system, osmoregulatory substance metabolism, and abscisic-acid (ABA)-induced stomatal closure were significantly upregulated under salt stress. The MapMan analysis revealed that the upregulated genes were dramatically enriched in wax metabolic pathways. The expressions of transcription factor (TF) family members such as MYB, bHLH, and AP2/ERF were increased under salt stress, regulating the response of plants to salt stress. Collectively, these findings provided valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the responses of grass crops to salt stress.
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Nasution, Tulus Ikhsan, Mahyudin K. M. Nasution, Susilawati, and Dara Azdena. "Environtmentally healthy sleep light." ABDIMAS TALENTA: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 4, no. 2 (December 18, 2019): 274–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/abdimastalenta.v4i2.3912.
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Healthy sleep lights that will be proposed for community service are the results of research in which the use of LED lights (Light Emitting Diode) is activated with a maximum power of 3 Watts, so that the power consumed is quite low. This healthy sleep lamp also has some uniqueness such as turning on and off with sound by utilizing applications installed on smartphones. This voice control application can also be used to vary the color of the light. This lamp can be turned on and off by touching the light nest by using a sensor system and also the color and brightness of the lamp can be adjusted using the RGB control application on the smartphone. Intensity test results for LED lights 112 - 996 (Weber / m2). The standard intensity limit for healthy bulbs based on H. Steve, H. Gaube and J. Winterhager is 3,000 (Weber / m2), so that meeting the intensity standard is an LED lamp. Our long-term goal is to develop research results into products that have economic value, facilitate students to develop creativity and innovation and create jobs by partnering with partners.
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Uttl, Libor, Tomáš Hložek, Pavel Mareš, Tomáš Páleníček, and Hana Kubová. "Anticonvulsive Effects and Pharmacokinetic Profile of Cannabidiol (CBD) in the Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) or N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) Models of Seizures in Infantile Rats." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23010094.
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In spite of use of cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive cannabinoid, in pediatric patients with epilepsy, preclinical studies on its effects in immature animals are very limited. In the present study we investigated anti-seizure activity of CBD (10 and 60 mg/kg administered intraperitoneally) in two models of chemically induced seizures in infantile (12-days old) rats. Seizures were induced either with pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) or N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). In parallel, brain and plasma levels of CBD and possible motor adverse effects were assessed in the righting reflex and the bar holding tests. CBD was ineffective against NMDA-induced seizures, but in a dose 60 mg/kg abolished the tonic phase of PTZ-induced generalized seizures. Plasma and brain levels of CBD were determined up to 24 h after administration. Peak CBD levels in the brain (996 ± 128 and 5689 ± 150 ng/g after the 10- and 60-mg/kg doses, respectively) were reached 1–2 h after administration and were still detectable 24 h later (120 ± 12 and 904 ± 63 ng/g, respectively). None of the doses negatively affected motor performance within 1 h after administration, but CBD in both doses blocked improvement in the bar holding test with repeated exposure to this task. Taken together, anti-seizure activity of CBD in infantile animals is dose and model dependent, and at therapeutic doses CBD does not cause motor impairment. The potential risk of CBD for motor learning seen in repeated motor tests has to be further examined.
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Biswas, A. "Thermal Processing of o-Terphenyl: A Raman Study." Applied Spectroscopy 47, no. 4 (April 1993): 458–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702934334921.
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Raman spectra from o-terphenyl sealed in glass capillary tubes were acquired over temperatures ranging from 233 K to 343 K. Over this temperature range, o-terphenyl can exist in the solid-crystalline, molten, supercooled-liquid, and amorphous-glassy states. Representative structure-sensitive spectra are presented along with a qualitative description. The lattice spectral feature occurring at a Raman shift of 123 cm−1 displays abrupt changes in profile and intensity as melting and glass transition occur. The intensity ratio of the C-C stretching 996-cm−1 line and C-H stretching line at 1008 cm−1 displays a change related to the transformation of the ordered-crystalline phase to the disordered-liquid or glassy state. At a Raman shift of 1162 cm−1 the solid-crystalline state shows a splitting due to the effect of the crystal field. The possibility of using these structure-sensitive Raman characteristics for in situ diagnostics during materials processing is discussed.
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Sonnino, Paul. "Peter H. Wilson . The Thirty Years War: Europe's Tragedy . Cambridge : Belknap Press of Harvard University Press . 2009 . Pp. xxii, 996. $35.00." American Historical Review 115, no. 5 (December 2010): 1518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.115.5.1518.
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Ortega-Toro, Enrique, Antonio García-Angulo, José-María Giménez-Egido, Francisco J. García-Angulo, and José Palao. "Effect of modifications in rules in competition on participation of male youth goalkeepers in soccer." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 13, no. 6 (April 11, 2018): 1040–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747954118769423.
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The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of modifications in field size, number of players, and goal size on the goalkeeper's actions in competition in male youth soccer ( n = 4) (under-12). A quasi-experimental design was implemented to measure the effects of the changes in the number of players per team (8-a-side vs. 5-a-side), goal size (6 × 2 m vs. 3 × 2 m), and field size (58 × 38 m vs. 38 × 20 m) on the offensive and defensive technical and tactical actions of the goalkeeper. Four male under-12 goalkeepers (age = 11.33 ± 0.6 years, average weekly training = 2.45 ± 0.3 h, and years of experience = 4.8 ± 0.9 years) were analyzed in three tournaments (8-a-side; 5-a-side; 8-a-side). The dependent variables were: defensive and offensive technical actions taken by the goalkeepers and the way their actions were carried out. The results show that in the 5-a-side soccer matches, goalkeepers carried out more defensive actions (8-a-side: 31.2 ± 3.8; 5-a-side: 77.75 ± 5.0; 8-a-side: 39.5 ± 6.0; F2,6 = 111,218, p = .000, η2 = .974; ES .998) and offensive actions (8-a-side: 58.0 ± 7.1; 5-a-side: 84.0 ± 13.5; 8-a-side: 58.1 ± 9.2; F2,6 = 16,257, p = .004, η2 = .844; ES .996) than in 8-a-side soccer matches. The reduction in field size, number of players, and goal size resulted in under-12 goalkeepers having more interaction and more variability in their actions. This information could help the different stakeholders to adapt or design the youth soccer competition rules in a way that allows goalkeepers to have more experiences.
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VASILEV, V., N. ANDORN, R. JAPHETH, and V. AGMON. "Variability of Shigella flexneri serotypes in Israel during a period of two years: 2000 and 2001." Epidemiology and Infection 132, no. 1 (January 27, 2004): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095026880300147x.
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During a period of 2 years (2000 and 2001) 996 Shigella flexneri strains from sporadic cases in Israel were sent to the National Shigella Reference Centre (NSRC) by hospital and outpatient clinics. The most common serotypes were 2a, 6 and 1b, accounting for 88·4% of all isolates. They were investigated according to the monthly distribution of the strains, and the age and sex of the patients. The severity of the disease was assessed by a hospital/outpatient distribution (H/Od) of the isolates, based on the location of the sending laboratory. The most affected age groups were 0–11 months and 1–4 years, and the prevalent serotype was 2a, while serotype 6 was dominant in the 5–14 years age group. More cases were registered during the hot season, and there were some serotype-related variations. Overall, 62·1% of the samples were from male patients. Serotype 1b was dominant in the male/female ratio, although it was third in general prevalence. According to the H/Od serotype 2a was more common in hospitalized males and serotype 6 in outpatients, both male and female. These variations, as well as changes in serotype prevalence in the past, underscore the importance of serotype monitoring as part of the public health strategies for reducing the burden of Shigella flexneri infections.
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Sujana, G. Agus Permana Putra, Made Sumadiyasa, and Isnaeni Isnaeni. "Sintesis Carbon Dot Dengan Bahan Dasar Asam Sitrat Menggunakan Metode Pemanasan Secara Berulang di Dalam Oven Microwave." BULETIN FISIKA 22, no. 1 (October 2, 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/bf.2021.v22.i01.p05.
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Pada penelitian ini telah disintesis carbon dot menggunakan asam sitrat dan polietilen, dengan metode pemanasan secara berulang di dalam microwave. Hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi dengan spektroskopi UV-Vis, FTIR, Fotoluminesensi (PL) dan TRPL. Hasil karakterisasi UV-Vis memperlihatkan bahwa sampel telah menunjukkan dua absorpsi dengan intensitas maksimum pada rentang panjang gelombang antara 200-280 nm dan sekitar 330 nm. Ini menandai transisi eksitasi p®p* dan n®p* yang merupakan karakteristik carbon dot . Karakterisasi FTIR telah menunjukkan adanya pita vibrasi regangan O-H, karbonil aromatik C=O, regangan C-O dan frekuensi vibrasi regangan dari sulfat, masing-masing pada bilangan gelombang 3292, 1623, 1129 dan 996 cm-1. Dari karakterisasi PL dengan menggunakan sinar laser pengeksitasi 320, 420 dan 530 nm (violet, biru dan hijau), sampel carbon dot menghasilkan emisi radiasi masing-masing pada panjang gelombang 453, 525 dan 590 nm. Hasil penghitungan TRPL diperoleh bahwa rata-rata masa hidup fotoluminesensi berada pada orde 10-9 detik, yang merupakan karakteristik dari fotoluminesensi fluoresensi. Hasil-hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan telah berhasil disintesis carbon dot dengan emisi radiadif yang bergantung pada sinar laser pengeksitasinya.
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Ghio, Alessandra, Giuseppe Seghieri, Cristina Lencioni, Roberto Anichini, Alessandra Bertolotto, Alessandra De Bellis, Veronica Resi, Emilia Lacaria, Stefano Del Prato, and Graziano Di Cianni. "1-Hour OGTT Plasma Glucose as a Marker of Progressive Deterioration of Insulin Secretion and Action in Pregnant Women." International Journal of Endocrinology 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/460509.
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Considering old GDM diagnostic criteria, alterations in insulin secretion and action are present in women with GDM as well as in women with one abnormal value (OAV) during OGTT. Our aim is to assess if changes in insulin action and secretion during pregnancy are related to 1-hour plasma glucose concentration during OGTT. We evaluated 3 h/100 g OGTT in 4,053 pregnant women, dividing our population on the basis of 20 mg/dL increment of plasma glucose concentration at 1 h OGTT generating 5 groups (<120 mg/dL,n=661; 120–139 mg/dL,n=710; 140–159 mg/dL,n=912; 160–179 mg/dL,n=885; and ≥180 mg/dL,n=996). We calculated incremental area under glucose (AUCgluc) and insulin curves (AUCins), indexes of insulin secretion (HOMA-B), and insulin sensitivity (HOMA-R), AUCins/AUCgluc. AUCglucand AUCinsprogressively increased according to 1-hour plasma glucose concentrations (bothP<0.0001for trend). HOMA-B progressively declined (P<0.001), and HOMA-R progressively increased across the five groups. AUCins/AUCglucdecreased in a linear manner across the 5 groups (P<0.001). Analysing the groups with 1-hour value <180 mg/dL, defects in insulin secretion (HOMA-B: −29.7%) and sensitivity (HOMA-R: +15%) indexes were still apparent (allP<0.001). Progressive increase in 1-hour OGTT is associated with deterioration of glucose tolerance and alterations in indexes of insulin action and secretion.
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Warguła, Łukasz, Mateusz Kukla, Piotr Krawiec, and Bartosz Wieczorek. "Reduction in Operating Costs and Environmental Impact Consisting in the Modernization of the Low-Power Cylindrical Wood Chipper Power Unit by Using Alternative Fuel." Energies 13, no. 11 (June 10, 2020): 2995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112995.
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Alternative fuel within the meaning of Directive 2014/94/EU is, among others, LPG (liquefied petroleum gas), characterized by a lower purchase cost and lower emissions of toxic exhaust compounds in comparison to the combustion of classic gasoline. In wood chippers, intended for chopping branches, with low-power internal combustion engines that meet the emission standards in force in 2019 in the European Union, in accordance with Regulation 2016/1628/EU, carburetor fuel supply systems are commonly used. Innovative trends in the development of these drives are: electronic fuel injection, systems supporting the adaptation of the working elements to the conditions of use and the use of alternative fuels. The first two solutions significantly affect the cost of purchasing a power unit or modernizing it. The authors of this article indicate, as a beneficial alternative, a cheap (EUR 105) possibility of modernizing the carburetor fuel supply system. It is based on a modification that will allow for the use of LPG instead of gasoline to drive the working system of the wood chipper. This article presents the results of tests on the fuel consumption of a wood chipper powered with gasoline (3.04 L h−1) and LPG (3.65 L h−1) during continuous chipping. The cost of an hour of chipping related to fuel consumption was determined, which was equal to 3.89 € h−1 while using gasoline, and 2.19 € h−1 when using LPG. The mass flow rate (0.66 t h−1) and volumetric flow rate (3.5 m3 h−1) of a wood chipper powered by a low-power (9.5 kW) internal combustion engine with spark ignition were determined. In addition, we determined the cost of producing 1 m3 of biomass from chipping freshly cut oak branches (Quercus robur L. Sp. Pl. 996 1753) with a maximum diameter of 80 mm and a humidity of 25%. The branches were selected earlier in such a way that their dimensions as as similar as possible. This amounted to EUR 1.11 for a gasoline-powered drive and EUR 0.63 for a LPG powered one. The benefits of using an alternative fuel supply system, the installation of which increases the cost of the machine by 8.4%, have been confirmed.
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Gordon, A., S. Pradeepan, and G. Paech. "O013 Anxiety and depression in adults referred for diagnostic sleep studies at an Australian tertiary sleep referral centre." SLEEP Advances 3, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2022): A6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleepadvances/zpac029.012.
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Abstract Background Depression, anxiety and sleep disorders are frequently comorbid. Our study sought to understand local prevalence of depression and anxiety; and their interaction with sleep disordered breathing, sleep quality and sleepiness. Methods Apnoea hypopnoea index (AHI), arousal index (AI) and sleep efficiency (SE) were extracted from sequential in-laboratory diagnostic sleep studies (n=996) over three years and linked to demographic data and routine patient questionnaires (Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scores (HADS), and comorbidities). Anxiety or depression was either self-reported, or determined by HADS A ≥11 or D ≥8. Regression modelling was used to determine the effect of anxiety and depression on ESS, AHI, SE and AI. Significance was p<0.05 and mean±SD or median(IQR) are reported. Progress/Results Participants were: 49.3% male, BMI 34±8.9Kg/m2, and age 50±17.0 years. Sleep indices were: AHI 18.2(5.3-43.6)/h, AI 17.7(9.8-30.9)/h, and SE 77.2±13.4%. Anxiety alone, depression alone or both were present in 75 (7.5%), 177 (17.8%) and 359 (36%) patients respectively. Raised HADS anxiety/depression scores in the absence of self-reported diagnoses were present in 91 (9.1%) and 136 (13.7%) subjects. The presence of anxiety or depression did not affect AHI, but increased ESS by 2.2 (p<0.001), AI by 3.3/h (p<0.01) and reduced SE by 1.7% (p=0.05) compared to their absence. Intended outcome/Discussion Diagnoses of depression or anxiety are associated with poorer sleep quality and increased sleepiness despite similar AHI. Screening patients for depression/anxiety is suggested given frequent raised HADS scores without a formal diagnosis, and the higher prevalence compared to the general population.
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Hellström, Jarkko, Daniel Granato, and Pirjo H. Mattila. "Accumulation of Phenolic Acids during Storage over Differently Handled Fresh Carrots." Foods 9, no. 10 (October 21, 2020): 1515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9101515.
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Carrots contain a significant content of phenolic compounds, mainly phenolic acids. Technological processing of carrots inflicts wounding stress and induces accumulation of these compounds, especially caffeic acid derivatives, in the periderm tissue. In this study, the effect of minimal processing (polishing, washing, peeling, and grating) on the retention of soluble phenolic acids in carrots was monitored during cold storage. Storage for up to 4 weeks and 24 h was used for whole and grated carrot samples, respectively. Total phenolic acid levels found in differently processed carrots varied greatly at the beginning of the storage period and on dry weight basis they ranged from 228 ± 67.9 mg/kg (grated carrot) to 996 ± 177 mg/kg (machine washed). In each case, processing followed by storage induced phenolic acid accumulation in the carrots. At the end of the experiment (4 weeks at +8 °C), untreated and machine-washed carrots contained ca. 4-fold more phenolic acids than at day 0. Similarly, polished carrots contained 9-fold and peeled carrots 31-fold more phenolic acids than at day 0. The phenolic acid content in grated carrot doubled after 24 h storage at +4 °C. Individual phenolic acids were characterized by high resolution mass spectrometry. MS data strongly suggest the presence of daucic acid conjugates of phenolic acids in carrot. Storage time did not have statistically similar effect on all compounds and generally in a way that dicaffeoyldaucic acid had the highest increase. This research provides important information for primary production, packaging, catering, the fresh-cut industry and consumers regarding the selection of healthier minimally processed carrots.
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Mellow, E., E. Redei, K. Marzo, and J. R. Wilson. "Effect of chronic left ventricular failure on beta-endorphin." Journal of Applied Physiology 73, no. 6 (December 1, 1992): 2675–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.73.6.2675.
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Stimulation of endogenous opiate secretion worsens circulatory dysfunction in several forms of shock, in part by inhibiting sympathetic activity. To investigate whether endogenous opiates have a similar effect in chronic heart failure (HF), we measured beta-endorphin concentrations and hemodynamic responses to naloxone infusion (2 mg/kg bolus + 2 mg.kg-1 x h-1) in six control (C) dogs and eight dogs with low-output HF produced by 3 wk of rapid ventricular pacing. The dogs with HF exhibited reduced arterial blood pressure (C, 123 +/- 4 vs. HF, 85 +/- 7 mmHg; P < 0.01) and cardiac outputs (C, 179 +/- 14 vs. HF, 76 +/- 2 ml.min-1 x kg-1; P < 0.01) and elevated plasma norepinephrine concentrations (C, 99 +/- 12 vs. HF, 996 +/- 178 pg/ml; P < 0.01) but normal beta-endorphin concentrations (C, 30 +/- 11 vs. HF, 34 +/- 12 pg/ml; P = NS). Naloxone produced similar transitory increases in blood pressure (C, 14 +/- 5 vs. HF, 26 +/- 25%) and cardiac output (C, 37 +/- 13 vs. HF, 22 +/- 15%) in both groups (both P = NS). No significant changes in norepinephrine concentration or systemic vascular resistance were observed in either group. These findings suggest that beta-endorphin secretion does not exacerbate circulatory dysfunction in chronic heart failure.
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Jiang, Yifan, Men Xia, Zhe Wang, Penggang Zheng, Yi Chen, and Tao Wang. "Photochemical ageing of aerosols contributes significantly to the production of atmospheric formic acid." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23, no. 23 (December 1, 2023): 14813–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14813-2023.
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Abstract. Formic acid (HCOOH) is one of the most abundant organic acids in the atmosphere and affects atmospheric acidity and aqueous chemistry. However, the HCOOH sources are not well understood. In a recent field study, we measured atmospheric HCOOH concentrations at a coastal site in southern China. The average concentrations of HCOOH were 191 ± 167 ppt in marine air masses and 996 ± 433 ppt in coastal air masses. A strong linear correlation between HCOOH concentrations and the surface area densities of submicron particulate matter was observed in coastal air masses. Post-campaign laboratory experiments confirmed that the photochemical ageing of ambient aerosols promoted by heterogeneous reactions with ozone produced a high concentration of HCOOH at a rate of 0.185 ppb h−1 under typical ambient conditions at noon. HCOOH production was strongly affected by nitrate photolysis, as this efficiently produces OH radicals that oxidise organics to form HCOOH. We incorporated this particle-phase source into a photochemical model, and the net HCOOH production rate increased by about 3 times compared with the default Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM). These findings demonstrate that the photochemical ageing of aerosols is an important source of HCOOH that should be included in atmospheric chemistry–transport models.
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Taira, Jin. "Coaldrake, William H. El camino del maestro carpintero: las herramientas y la arquitectura japonesa. Gijón: Satori, 2021, 268 pp. ISBN: 978-84-1741-996-7." Mirai. Estudios Japoneses 6 (July 29, 2022): 273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/mira.82705.
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La traducción y publicación en español de El camino del maestro carpintero: las herramientas y la arquitectura japonesa del autor William H. Coaldrake, reconocido experto en el campo de la historia del arte y la arquitectura japonesa, constituye un logro colectivo impulsado por la Asociación de Estudios Japoneses en España (AEJE). El libro es un valioso manuscrito de absoluta vigencia, publicado originalmente en 1990, que desvela los orígenes de la arquitectura japonesa, desde su prehistoria hasta nuestros días, a través de la lectura de uno de los gremios de artesanos más herméticos y admirados del mundo, el del maestro carpintero japónés. En un enfoque metodológico dual entre el academicismo teórico y la vinculación con la praxis profesional, el autor enfoca su manuscrito en cuatro líneas: el carpintero, como marco gremial; la madera, como materia prima, con sus propiedades y atributos; la técnica, como método formal de diseño y construcción; y las herramientas, verdadero protagonista vertebrador del libro, como extensión instrumental especializada del maestro carpintero (daiku, en japonés), sus características, su evolución y su papel específico en la historia. Una obra indispensable para arquitectos y lectores interesados en la arquitectura tradicional japonesa
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Esnayder Castañeda, Winston, MartÃn Sifuentes Inostroza, and Felipe De la Rosa Bocanegra. "Determinación técnico económica de la conversión energética a ciclo Brayton con recuperación de calor, de la empresa Ribaudo S. A. A., para reducir costos de energÃa eléctrica." REVISTA TECNOLOGÍA & DESARROLLO 14, no. 1 (November 11, 2016): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18050/td.v14i1.1247.
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Ribaudo S.A.A es una empresa térmica dedicada a los procesos y exportación de aceite de pescado, congelados, conservas y harina de pescado, ubicado en la provincia de Chimbote – Departamento de Ancash., con independencia al SEIN, generando su propia energÃa eléctrica a través de dos grupos electrógenos consumiendo una potencia neta útil de 1600KW. El grupo electrógeno en la actualidad consta de 2 motores diésel con un consumo total de 73,45gal/h, con un costo unitario de combustible de 10.5 S/gal, es decir el costo unitario de generación de energÃa eléctrica es de 0.4820 S/ KW-h. La planta trabaja en promedio 3960 horas/año, obteniendo un costo total de 3 054 051 S/año. Debido a esta problemática se instaló una turbina a gas con la implementación de un regenerador para generar su propia energÃa eléctrica obteniendo un menor costo de generación de energÃa eléctrica de 0.047 S/KW-h resultando factible la conversión de planta térmica a ciclo brayton. Con la instalación de una turbina a gas, se implementó un regenerador para aumentar la temperatura del aire comprimido, justiï€cando su instalación con un ahorro de 25.61Kg/ h de gas natural es decir, 40 0000 nuevos soles/año ahorrados. El regenerador se diseñó para aumentar la temperatura del aire en 100°C, de la cámara de combustión de la turbina a gas, con 1.76 metros de longitud y 0.8 m de diámetro. La producción de energÃa eléctrica con turbina a gas fue de 7 920 000 (KW-h)/año.El beneï€cio neto del presente proyecto es 996 365.72 S/año, con una inversión de S/1 644 259 recuperados en 1,7 años. Entonces podemos decir que desde el punto de vista técnico, económico y ï€nanciero, la instalación de una turbina a gas con la implementación de un regenerador en la empresa Ribaudo S.A.A es viable.
Palabras clave: Turbina a gas, Regenerador, Generación de energÃa eléctrica, Análisis de propiedades del gas natural, Determinación técnico económica.
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Pereira, B. J., B. Snodgrass, G. Barber, C. Perella, S. Chopra, and A. J. King. "Cytokine production during in vitro hemodialysis with new and formaldehyde- or renalin-reprocessed cellulose dialyzers." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 6, no. 4 (October 1995): 1304–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v641304.
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Critics of reuse have suggested that patients treated with reprocessed dialyzers are exposed to pyrogen trapped from the water or solutions used during the reprocessing cycle, thereby triggering the synthesis and release of proinflammatory cytokines, resulting in cachexia. To test this hypothesis, the production of interleukin (IL)-1 alpha by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) during in vitro dialysis with new or reprocessed cellulose dialyzers was compared. An in vitro closed-loop dialysis circuit was created with standard hemodialysis blood lines and either new cellulose dialyzers or dialyzers reprocessed 10 times with either formaldehyde/bleach (formaldehyde) or peracetic acid/hydrogen peroxide mixture (Renalin). The circuit was rinsed with 2 L or more of pyrogen-free normal saline before the start of in vitro dialysis until the blood compartment tested negative for residual formaldehyde/Renalin. Heparinized whole blood from healthy volunteers was circulated for 3 h in the blood compartment at 100 mL/min at 37 degrees C. The dialysate compartment was sealed. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were harvested from the blood compartment before and at the end of 3 h of in vitro dialysis. Total IL-1 alpha synthesis (cell associated plus secreted) by unstimulated and endotoxin-stimulated PBMC was measured by a specific, non-cross-reactive radioimmunoassay. After 3 h of in vitro dialysis, IL-1 alpha production (in picograms per 2.5 million PBMC) by unstimulated PBMC increased from 354 +/- 63 at baseline to 454 +/- 57 with new dialyzers (P = 0.25), from 453 +/- 101 to 450 +/- 67 with formaldehyde-reprocessed dialyzers (P = 0.98), and from 360 +/- 61 to 538 +/- 144 with Renalin-reprocessed dialyzers (P = 0.23). IL-1 alpha production by endotoxin-stimulated PBMC increased from 5,214 +/- 996 to 9,237 +/- 929 with new dialyzers (P < = 0.001), from 6,395 +/- 955 to 9,636 +/- 1,058 with formaldehyde-reprocessed dialyzers (P = 0.006), and from 7,561 +/- 1,000 to 10,092 +/- 2,470 with Renalin-reprocessed dialyzers (P = 0.32). However, there were no significant differences among groups with respect to IL-1 alpha production by unstimulated or endotoxin-stimulated PBMC either before or after 3 h of in vitro dialysis. These data argue against the suggestion that exposure to reprocessed dialyzers results in enhanced synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines. In fact, reprocessed dialyzers probably induce less cytokine production than do new cellulose dialyzers.
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Rompianesi, Gianluca, Roberto Montalti, Georgios Vrakas, Ali Zarrinpar, Curtis Warren, Giuseppe Loiaco, Fabiana Rubba, and Roberto I. Troisi. "Benchmark Outcomes in Deceased Donor Kidney Transplantation: A Multicenter Analysis of 80 996 Transplants From 126 Centers." Transplantation Direct 10, no. 5 (April 9, 2024): e1618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/txd.0000000000001618.
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Background. We defined clinically relevant benchmark values in deceased donor kidney transplantation (KT), to assess the best achievable results in low-risk patient cohorts from experienced centers. Methods. We identified the “ideal” cases from the United Network for Organ Sharing Standard Transplant Analysis and Research files from centers performing ≥50 KT per year between 2010 and 2018. Cases have been selected based on the kidney donor profile index values (<35%), a cold ischemia time (CIT) ≤18 h, a HLA mismatch ≤4, and excluding blood group (ABO) incompatible, dual and combined transplants. The outcomes of the benchmark cohort have been compared with a group of patients excluded from the benchmark cohort because but not meeting 1 or more of the abovementioned criteria. Results. The 171 424 KT patients in the United Network for Organ Sharing Standard Transplant Analysis and Research files were screened and 8694 benchmark cases of a total of 80 996 KT (10.7%) from 126 centers meeting the selection criteria were identified. The benchmarks for 1-, 3-, and 5-y patient survival are ≥97%, ≥92.5%, and ≥86.7%, and ≥95.4%, ≥87.8%, and ≥79.6% for graft survival. Benchmark cutoff for hospital length of stay is ≤5 d, ≤23.6% for delayed graft function, and ≤7.5% and ≤9.1% for 6-mo and 1-y incidence of acute rejection. Overall 1-, 3-, and 5-y actuarial graft survivals were 96.6%, 91.1%, and 84.2% versus 93.5%, 85.4%, and 75.5% in the benchmark and comparison groups, respectively (P < 0.001). Overall 1-, 3-, and 5-y actuarial patient survivals were 98.1%, 94.8%, and 90.0% versus 96.6%, 91.1%, and 83.0% in the benchmark and comparison groups, respectively (P < 0.001). Conclusions. For the first time, we quantified the best achievable postoperative results in an ideal scenario in deceased donor KT, aimed at improving the clinical practice guided by the comparison of center performances with the ideal outcomes defined.
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Faligowska, Agnieszka, Katarzyna Panasiewicz, Grażyna Szymańska, Karolina Ratajczak, Hanna Sulewska, Agnieszka Pszczółkowska, and Anna Kocira. "Influence of Farming System on Weed Infestation and on Productivity of Narrow-Leaved Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.)." Agriculture 10, no. 10 (October 8, 2020): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10100459.
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Legumes have become important crops, due to an increasing global population and its demand for feed protein. Furthermore, legumes can improve the characteristics of the soil, improve biodiversity levels in crop rotations, and be cultivated in both organic and sustainable farming systems. In this study, a two-factor field experiment was conducted in Gorzyń, Poland in 2011–2015. The first factor was the farming system: low-external inputs (LI; without fertilization and chemical protection), medium-input (MI; medium fertilization level and chemical protection), and high-input (conventional—CONV; high fertilization level and chemical protection). Narrow-leaved lupin cultivar was the second factor; the indeterminate cv. Kalif and the determinate cv. Regent. We evaluated (a) weed infestation levels, (b) seed and protein production, and (c) the economic effects of narrow-leaved lupin cultivation under different farming conditions. A total of 12 weed species were identified, with the lowest weed density level and biomass production observed in CONV, and the greatest weed density level observed in LI. Seed yield was determined by the farming system; the greatest in CONV and significantly lower in LI (by 0.73 t h−1) and MI (by 0.18 t ha–1). Little difference was observed in seed yield between cultivars. The greatest production values for the Kalif and Regent cultivars (996€ and 949€ ha–1, respectively) were recorded in CONV, although LI proved to be the most profitable (with the highest gross agricultural income and lowest total cost of production). LI farming systems, in conjunction with chemical weed control, should be investigated in future studies.
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Blanken, Christine. "Ein wieder zugänglich gemachter Bestand alter Musikalien der Bach-Familie im Verlagsarchiv Breitkopf & Härtel." Bach-Jahrbuch 99 (January 1, 2013): 79–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.13141/bjb.v20132979.
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Der Artikel stellt einen Bestand von Musikalien vor, der im Zusammenhang mit der Vorbereitung der ersten Bach-Gesamtausgabe zusammengetragen wurde und als Depositum des Verlags Breitkopf & Härtel im Sächsischen Staatsarchiv Leipzig verwahrt wird. Es handelt sich um ein umfangreiches Konvolut von Handschriften vom frühen 18. bis ins erste Drittel des 19. Jahrhunderts, von denen einigen Werken J. S. Bachs hauptsächlich Instrumentalmusik der Bach-Söhne Wilhelm Friedemann, Carl Philipp Emanuel und Johann Christian das Interesse weckt. Diese bleiben im Artikel jedoch unberücksichtigt, der sich ganz auf die Kompositionen J. S. Bachs konzentriert, Datierungen versucht, Schreiber bestimmt und Provenienzen klärt. Eine vollständige Auflistung der Werke gibt der Anhang des Artikels wieder.
Erwähnte Artikel: Karl Tittel: Welche unter J. S. Bachs Namen geführten Orgelwerke sind Johann Tobias bzw. Johann Ludwig Krebs zuzuschreiben? Ein Versuch zur Lösung von Autorschaftsproblemen. BJ 1966, S. 102-137
Wolfgang Wiemer: Ein Bach-Doppelfund: Verschollene Gerber-Abschrift (BWV 914 und 996) und unbekannte Choralsammlung Christian Friedrich Penzels. BJ 1973, S.29-73
Ernest May: Eine neue Quelle für J. S. Bachs einzeln überlieferte Orgelchoräle. BJ 1974, S. 98-103
Yoshitake Kobayashi: Neuerkenntnisse zu einigen Bach-Quellen an Hand schriftkundlicher Untersuchungen. BJ 1978, S. 43-60
William H. Scheide: Eindeutigkeit und Mehrdeutigkeit in Picanders Kantatenjahrgangs-Vorbemerkung und im Werkverzeichnis des Nekrologs auf Johann Sebastian Bach. BJ 1983, S. 109-113
Hans-Joachim Schulze: Studenten als Bachs Helfer bei der Leipziger Kirchenmusik. BJ 1984, S. 45-52
Klaus Hofmann: Bachs Doppelchor "Nun ist das Heil und die Kraft" (BWV 50). Neue Überlegungen zur Werkgeschichte: BJ 1994, S. 59-74
Klaus Hofmann: Die Motette "Lobet den Herrn, alle Heiden" (BWV 230). Alte und neue Probleme. BJ 2000, S. 35-50
Joshua Rifkin: Siegesjubel und Satzfehler. Zum Problem von "Nun ist das Heil und die Kraft" (BWV 50). BJ 2000, S. 67-86
William H. Scheide: Nochmals BWV 50 "Nun ist das Heil und die Kraft". BJ 2001, S. 117-130
Michael Maul: Johann Adolph Scheibes Bach-Kritik. Hintergründe und Schauplätze einer musikalischen Kontroverse. BJ 2010, S. 153-198
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Lei, Zhigang, Chengyue Li, and Biaohua Chen. "Comments on the paper “Simulation of the Aromatic Recovery Process by Extractive Distillation,” (Ko, M., Na, S., Cho, J. and Kim, H., Korean J. Chem. Eng., 19(6), (2002), 996-1000)." Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 20, no. 6 (November 2003): 1077–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02706939.
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Erfani, Hadi, Sabrina Woll, Austin Luong, Gage Guerra, Anthony Kharrat, Rebecca Umayam, Anastasia Martynova, et al. "Abstract 996: Predicting early mortality in a large ethnically diverse phase I clinical trial program." Cancer Research 84, no. 6_Supplement (March 22, 2024): 996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-996.
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Abstract Background: Various scoring systems are developed to optimize patient selection for phase I clinical trials. We evaluated the Royal Marsden Hospital (RMH), Princess Margaret Hospital Index (PMHI), and MD-Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) prognostic scores and compared their power to predict 90-day mortality (90DM) in an ethnically diverse population enrolled in the USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (NCCC) Phase I Program. Methods: We queried our database of patients enrolled in phase I clinical trials at the NCCC from 2015-2022 which includes demographics, treatment details and outcomes. The enrollment occurred at all NCCC sites including the Los Angeles General Medical Center, a safety net hospital. Prognostic scores were calculated: RMH (albumin < 35 g/L, LDH > ULN, > 2 metastatic sites), PMHI (albumin < 35 g/L, ECOG > 0, > 2 metastatic sites), MDACC (albumin < 35 g/L, LDH > ULN, ECOG > 0, > 2 metastatic sites, GI tumor type). Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to calculate median survival in each group. ROC analysis was performed to assess the 90DM prediction. Results: 611 patients (15 breast, 344 GI, 20 GU, 29 GYN, 110 Lung/H&N, 88 other) were accrued to 88 phase I trials. Patients had a median age of 61 (25-87) and a median of 3 prior lines of therapy (0-10). 31.9% of pts were Hispanic, 44.1% non-Hispanic white, 3.7% black, and 20.4% Asian. The 90DM rate was 24.9%. The objective response rate was 8.3%, and 41.5% had stable disease. For all systems, higher scores had shorter survival (p<0.001). The MDACC system had the largest AUC to predict 90DM (AUC: 0.678, p < 0.001). Score of 4-5 (high risk) per MDACC system corresponds to a specificity of 94.5% (91.1-97.2) and positive likelihood ratio of 3.6 (1.8-7.2). Conclusion: In our highly diverse phase I population, higher scores on the RMH, PMHI, and MDACC scoring systems were associated with worse prognosis and 90DM. Careful consideration should be given to potential patients with higher scores prior to enrollment in phase I trials. Characteristics and outcomes of the study participants (N = 611). Variable Median (IQR)/N (%) Scoring system N (%) Median survival days (95% CI) p-Value Age (yr) 61 [54-68] RMH score < 0.001 Female gender 288 (47.1%) 0 151 (36.7%) 505 (378-631) Safety net participant 120 (19.6%) 1 184 (44.8%) 509 (324-693) Non-English speaking 177 (29%) 2 64 (15.6%) 176 (107-244) Performance status ECOG 0 153 (33.3%) 3 12 (2.9%) 44 (12-76) ECOG 1 302 (65.7%) Area under ROC curve (95% CI) 0.650 (0.579-0.721) < 0.001 ECOG 2 5 (1.1%) Number of prior lines 0-2 298 (48.8%) PMHI score < 0.001 >= 3 313 (51.2%) 0 118 (25.7%) 603 (405-800) Tumor type Breast 15 (2.5%) 1 214 (46.5%) 462 (378-545) GI 344 (56.8%) 2 115 (25.0%) 254 (117-390) GU 20 (3.3%) 3 13 (2.8%) 87 (52-122) Gyn 29 (4.8%) Area under ROC curve (95% CI) 0.629 (0.560-0.697) < 0.001 Lung/H&N 110 (18.2%) Others 88 (14.5%) MDACC score < 0.001 Type of trial Chemotherapy 112 (18.3%) 0 (low risk) 26 (7.9%) Not estimated Immunotherapy 227 (37.2%) 1 (low-intermediate risk) 84 (25.5%) 597 (429-768) Targeted therapy 272 (44.5%) 2 (intermediate risk) 116 (35.2%) 471 (115-827) >2 metastatic sites 146 (23.9%) 3 (high-intermediate risk) 75 (22.7%) 297 (142-452) 90-day mortality 152 (24.9%) 4 (high risk) 25 (7.6%) 119 (108-130) Best response by RECIST Stable disease 225 (41.5%) 5 (high risk) 4 (1.2%) Not estimated Partial response 39 (7.2%) Area under ROC curve (95% CI) 0.678 (0.611-0.745) < 0.001 Complete response 6 (1.1%) Progressive disease 272 (50.2%) Citation Format: Hadi Erfani, Sabrina Woll, Austin Luong, Gage Guerra, Anthony Kharrat, Rebecca Umayam, Anastasia Martynova, Laurie Brunette, Lynda Roman, Negeen Izadian, Teshia Bustos, Diana Hanna, Anthony El-Khoueiry, Jacob Thomas. Predicting early mortality in a large ethnically diverse phase I clinical trial program [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 996.
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Gerardin, Ylaine, Daniel Shenker, Jennifer Hipp, Natalia Harguindeguy, Dinkar Juyal, Chintan Shah, Syed Ashar Javed, et al. "Abstract 7402: Foundation AI models predict molecular measurements of tumor purity." Cancer Research 84, no. 6_Supplement (March 22, 2024): 7402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-7402.
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Abstract Background: Molecular assays, such as comprehensive genomic profiling, play a critical role in characterizing patient disease and guiding treatment selection in oncology but require sufficient tumor nucleic acids in tissue samples for reliable results. Automated, accurate and reproducible quantification of tissue area and tumor nuclei from H&E slides to determine suitability for molecular testing could reduce the amount of time spent assessing tissue quality. To address this need, we developed pan-indication foundation AI models to quantify tissue and cell features within H&E whole-slide images (WSI) and compared tumor purity estimates to orthogonal molecular and manual methods. Methods: Pan-indication artifact, tissue, and cell models were each trained using at least 2.8 million pathologist annotations across over 100,000 WSI from 14 stains, 25 organs, and 9 scanners and validated against pathologist ground-truth labels. This suite of foundation models was deployed on H&E WSIs of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD; N=442), melanoma (N=363), prostate cancer (PRAD; N=490), and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC; N=996) from TCGA1. Model outputs allowed for the segmentation of tumor regions and enumeration of cancer cells for the purpose of determining tumor purity scores, calculated as the fraction of cancer cells within tumor tissue on a WSI. For comparison, tumor purity values determined based on DNA copy number (ABSOLUTE), gene expression (ESTIMATE), DNA methylation (LUMP) and manual assessment2 were obtained. Concordance between AI model scores and other tumor purity values was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC(2,1). Results: AI model scores were correlated with orthogonal molecular measures of tumor purity in all four indications. AI model purity scores corresponded the most with ABSOLUTE (ICC range: 0.22-0.46), followed by LUMP (ICC range: 0.02-0.50) and ESTIMATE (ICC range: 0.03-0.34). Across indications, the highest agreement observed between AI model scores and molecular methods was in melanoma (ICC range: 0.34-0.50), while the lowest agreement was in PRAD (ICC range: 0.02-0.22). Compared against ABSOLUTE in NSCLC and PRAD, AI model scores showed the highest concordance, while the other two molecular methods and manual assessment all overestimated ABSOLUTE tumor purity. Conclusions: Here, we describe a pan-indication AI-based approach for the quantification of tumor features in H&E-stained WSI. Foundation AI models successfully segment tumor tissue regions and enumerate cancer cells for determining tumor purity, and these predictions correlate with molecular metrics in four cancer indications. This work provides further evidence of how AI could improve the efficiency of molecular testing and enhance precision medicine approaches in oncology. References: 1TCGA https://gdc.cancer.gov/about-data/publications/pancanatlas; 2Aran, D. et al. Nat Comms 6:8971 (2015) Citation Format: Ylaine Gerardin, Daniel Shenker, Jennifer Hipp, Natalia Harguindeguy, Dinkar Juyal, Chintan Shah, Syed Ashar Javed, Marc Thibault, Michael Nercessian, Darpan Sanghavi, Benjamin Trotter, Ryan Leung. Foundation AI models predict molecular measurements of tumor purity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 7402.
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ESKİN, Fatih, and Engin ŞENEL. "Holistic analysis of hepatosteatosis literature: a scientometric study of global hepatosteatosis publications between 1980 and 2019." Journal of Medicine and Palliative Care 3, no. 4 (December 26, 2022): 300–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.47582/jompac.1172446.
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Aim: Hepatosteatosis is a subtype of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) with an increased significance and prevalence in recent years, progressing to chronic liver disease and even hepatocellular carcinoma. It has become the new focus of hepatology instead of viral hepatitis in the last 5 years because of its increasing prevalence and close association with metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes and hyperlipidemia. The present study aimed to make a holistic scientometric analysis of scientific studies conducted on hepatosteatosis.
Material and Method: We analyzed scientometric analysis of “hepatosteatosis” publications that were indexed in Web of Science databases between 1980 and 2019 and found a total of 996 articles.
Results: The most published documents were original articles (80.924%). The most investigated areas in the hepatosteatosis literature were found to be gastroenterology, biochemistry and endocrinology (n=751, 687 and 575 documents, respectively). The USA was the leading country with 371 articles, followed by Turkey, China, Japan, Italy and Germany (n=146, 145, 81 and 58 articles, respectively). Zhang Yen was found to be the most productive author from Yanbian University (China) and California University was the most productive institution. The hepatosteatosis literature H-index was measured as 76, with an average of 24.8 citations per item and a total of 24.705 citations. The most indexed keywords were found to be “hepatosteatosis”, “fatty liver”, “obesity” and “insulin resistance”. The USA, China, UK, Germany and Italy were found to be the most cooperating countries.
Conclusion: Hepatosteatosis is an issue with increased importance and popularity with the intense interest of researchers in the past few years. The data of the present study, in which the scientometric analysis of the studies on hepatosteatosis was performed, emphasized the importance of the subject once again and will guide researchers for new researches to be conducted on many subjects such as which countries, institutions, individuals and journals are more interested in hepatosteatosis, and in which areas the studies are concentrated. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first scientometric study evaluating hepatosteatosis.
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Kemper, Ryan M., Bhavika C. Chirumamilla, Dennis A. Simpson, Manfred Meng, Gaorav P. Gupta, and Daniel J. Crona. "Abstract B012: BET inhibition sensitizes preclinical models of bladder cancer to DDR inhibitors." Clinical Cancer Research 30, no. 10_Supplement (May 17, 2024): B012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1557-3265.bladder24-b012.
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Abstract Background: Bladder cancer (BC) remains a common and deadly disease, with 83,190 cases and 32,350 deaths projected in the U.S. in 2024. We previously showed bromodomain and extra-terminal protein inhibitors (BETi) are potent in multiple preclinical models of BC. Our bulk RNA-seq and RT-qPCR data showed BETi significantly reduces expression of homologous recombination (HR) genes, such as RAD51 and RBBP8, which could activate alternative DNA repair pathways including non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and theta-mediated end joining (TMEJ). Specifically, DNA breaks are repaired through TMEJ by polymerase theta (Polθ) utilizing microhomology templates. Recently published data revealed Polθ inhibition is synthetically lethal when other DDR genes are concomitantly lost or inhibited. Thus, in this study, we sought to elucidate whether BETi-induced HR gene repression impacts TMEJ and POLQ expression, and to identify combinations with BETi that best leverage Polθ-mediated synthetic lethality. Methods: 5637 and J82 BC cells were pretreated with birabresib for 24 h and then transfected via electroporation with a Cas9 ribonucleoprotein, a gRNA targeting LBR2 and a 996 bp HR donor. Transfected cells were treated with birabresib for 24H, and DDR pathway function was assessed by digital droplet PCR. BC cells were synchronized at the G1/S transition with 2 mM thymidine incubated with birabresib alone. After 48 h, cells were harvested, and changes to target gene expression (i.e., POLQ) was assessed by RT-qPCR. Next, the same cells were treated with 8 ascending doses of the BETi birabresib (0.1–100 μM) alone or in combination with either the PARP inhibitor olaparib, CtIP inhibitor triapene, or RAD51 inhibitor RI-1 (10 nM–200 μM). After 72-96 h, CellTiter-Glo™ measured cell viability, and Compusyn v1 calculated combination index (CI) scores where <1.0 indicated synergism and >1.0 indicated antagonism. RT-qPCR was conducted to evaluate expression changes to POLQ after combination treatment. Results: After 48 h, birabresib significantly reduced TMEJ in both 5637 and J82 BC cells (49% reduction, P=0.008 and 41% reduction, P=0.004 both n=3), but did not significantly impact HR or NHEJ. POLQ mRNA expression was most reduced in synchronized 5637 and J82 BC cells after treatment with birabresib alone (46% reduction, P=0.006, n=3, and 38% reduction, P=0.001, n=3). Birabresib combined with olaparib was the most synergistic combination in both 5637 and J82 BC cells (CI = 0.83 and 0.29), but birabresib combined with triapene was also synergistic (CI = 0.91 and 0.90). In J82 cells, birabresib significantly reduced POLQ expression (27% reduction, P=0.008, n=3), but olaparib did not. In both 5637 and J82 cells combined birabresib and olaparib increased POLQ expression (41% increase and 5% increase, ns, n=3). Combined birabresib and triapene displayed a similar trend (46% increase and 17% increase, ns, n=3). Conclusions: These preliminary data support further exploration of POLQ expression increases caused by combined BETi+DDRi treatment in preclinical models of BC. Citation Format: Ryan M. Kemper, Bhavika C. Chirumamilla, Dennis A. Simpson, Manfred Meng, Gaorav P. Gupta, Daniel J. Crona. BET inhibition sensitizes preclinical models of bladder cancer to DDR inhibitors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Bladder Cancer: Transforming the Field; 2024 May 17-20; Charlotte, NC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2024;30(10_Suppl):Abstract nr B012.
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Lara López, Ma Del Socorro, and Alberto González Romero. "OBSERVACIONES SOBRE DOS NIDOS DE IGUANA VERDE [IGUANA IGUANA) EN "LA MANCHA", VERACRUZ." ACTA ZOOLÓGICA MEXICANA (N.S.), no. 68 (May 11, 1996): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21829/azm.1996.68681764.
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Hury wn tfijiort some incidental observations on two iguana [Iguana iguana) nests at la Mancha, Vfcracru¿, México. Teniperatures in the nest sites were nieasured daily during the incubation pnriod. Twentv one re¿u1ing& in 1 991 and twenty six in 1 992 were taken at several depths [surface, 20 and 35 cml during tree weeks at different times of the day. We observed the behavior of the female at the nest and ttie diurnal nest emergence and behavior performed by hatchiings. Emergence peaked between 1 1 30 h and 1 300h m both years
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El-Agmy, Reda M., and Najm M. Al-Hosiny. "Thermal analysis and CW laser operation at 1.998 µm in end pumped Tm:YAP lasers." Photonics Letters of Poland 11, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v11i4.938.
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We report on thermal analysis and a continuous wave (CW) laser operation at (1.998µm) of end pumped Tm: YAP cylindrical laser rod. The Tm: YAP laser rod is pumped at a wavelength of 1.064 µm emitting from Nd: YAG laser source. A 3W incident pump power is used to generate a maximum laser output of 700 mW, representing 18% slope efficiency. The power of thermally induced lens in Tm:YAP laser rod is numerically analyzed and validated experimentally. The focal lengths of the thermally induced lens are directly measured using Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. We have detected blue up-conversion fluorescence emission before laser operation at 1.998 µm. The obtained experimental results were in good agreement with the numerical calculations. Full Text: PDF ReferencesI. F. Elder, J. Payne, "Diode-pumped, room-temperature Tm:YAP laser", Applied Optics 36 (33), 8606 (1997) CrossRef Y. Li, B. Yao, Y. Wang, Y. Ju, G. Zhao, Y. Zong, J. Xu, "High efficient diode-pumped Tm:YAP laser at room temperature", Chinese Opt. Lett. 5 (5), 286 (2007). DirectLink H. Ni, S. C. Rand, "Avalanche upconversion in Tm:YALO3", Opt. Lett. 16 (8), 1424 (1991). CrossRef Z. G. Wang, C. W. Song, Y. F. Li, Y. L. Ju, Y. Z. Wang, "CW and pulsed operation of a diode-end-pumped Tm:GdVO4 laser at room temperature", Laser Phys. Lett. 6 (2), 105 (2009). CrossRef Baoquan Yao, Yi Tian, Wei Wang, Gang Li, Yuezhu Wang, "Analysis and compensation of thermal lens effects in Tm:YAP lasers", Chinese Opt. Lett. 8 (10), 996 (2010). CrossRef F. Cornacchia, D. Parisi, C. Bernardini, M. Toncelli, "Efficient, diode-pumped Tm3+:BaY2F8 vibronic laser", Opt. Expr. 12 (9), 1982 (2004). CrossRef Xiaojin Cheng, Mi Fan, Jiandong Cao, Jianhua Shang, "Research on the thermal effect and laser resonator of diode-pumped thin-slab Tm:YAP lasers", Optik 176, 32 (2019). CrossRef W. Koechner, Solid-state Laser Engineering, Springer, (2013). DirectLink https://www.crytur.cz DirectLink http://www.laserlabcomponents.com/ DirectLink R. M. El-Agmy, N.AlHosiny, "2.31 [micro sign]m laser under up-conversion pumping at 1.064 [micro sign]m in Tm3+:ZBLAN fibre lasers", Elect. Lett. 46 (13), 936 (2010). CrossRef R. M. El-Agmy, N. M. Al-Hosiny, "870 mW blue laser emission at 480 nm in a large core thulium doped ZBLAN fiber laser", Laser Phys. 20 (4), 838 (2010). CrossRef R. M. El-Agmy, N. M. Al-Hosiny, "Power scaling of end-pumped Nd:YLF lasers, modeling and experiments", Optik 140, 584 (2017). CrossRef R. M. El-Agmy, N. Al-Hosiny, "Thermal analysis and experimental study of end-pumped Nd: YLF laser at 1053 nm", Photonic sensors 7 (4), 329 (2017). CrossRef S. C. Tidwell, J. F. Seamans, M. S. Bowers, A. K. Cousins, "Scaling CW diode-end-pumped Nd:YAG lasers to high average powers", IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 28, 997 (1992). CrossRef P. J. Hardman, W. A. Clarkson, G. J. Friel, M. Pollnau, D. C. Hanna, "Energy-transfer upconversion and thermal lensing in high-power end-pumped Nd:YLF laser crystals", IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 35, 647 (1999). CrossRef
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Bas, S., A. Hoet, P. Rajala-Schultz, D. Sanders, and G. M. Schuenemann. "10 EFFECT OF USING PROTECTIVE AI COVER SHEATHS ON FERTILITY OF LACTATING DAIRY COWS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 22, no. 1 (2010): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv22n1ab10.
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An adequate and clean artificial insemination (AI) technique is recommended to maximize reproductive outcomes in dairy cattle. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using protective sheaths (PS; Continental Plastic Inc., Delavan, WI, USA) to minimize contamination of the AI catheter (AIC) on pregnancies per AI (P/AI) in lactating dairy cattle. A previous study reported no improvement on cattle fertility when using PS during first service AI (King et al. 1984 Can. Vet. J. 25, 327). Lactating cows housed in free-stall barns on a commercial dairy farm with a rolling herd milk production average of 10.140 kg were presynchronized with 2 injections of PGF2α (25 mg; Lutalyse, Pharmacia & Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI, USA) given 14 days apart (starting at 26 ± 3 d postpartum) followed by Ovsynch [OV; GnRH-7 d-PGF2α-56 h-GnRH-16 h-timed-AI(TAI)] 12 days later. Cows presenting signs of standing heat any time during the protocol received AI, whereas the remaining animals were subjected to TAI16 h after second OV GnRH (100 μg; Cystorelin, Merial, Duluth, GA, USA). At the moment of AI (one AI technician), 996 services from lactating dairy cows were randomly assigned to 1 of the 2 groups; with (TRT, n = 487) or without (CON, n = 509) the use of PS. In the TRT group, the AIC protected with a PS was introduced into the vagina; once in the cranial portion of the vagina adjacent to the cervical os, the PS was pulled back and only the AIC was manipulated through the cervix into the uterine body for semen deposition. In the CON group, cows received AI without the PS. Additionally, sterile cotton swab (BD, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) samples were taken from AIC (n = 51) after AI from both treatment groups. Pregnancy diagnosis was determined by ultrasonography 42 ± 3 d after AI. Data analyses were performed using GLIMMIX (P/AI) and FREQ (culture) procedures of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Cultured swab samples revealed that the use of PS was effective in minimizing contamination of the AIC (bacterial growth on AIC; TRT = 57.7% v. CON = 100%; P < 0.0002). Overall, the proportion of cows pregnant (all services) was greater (P = 0.03) for cows in TRT (42.7 ± 2.2%) compared with CON group (36.1 ± 2.1%). For first services postpartum, P/AI did not differ (P = 0.87) between CON (43.01 ± 4.4%) and TRT (43.8 ± 4.6%) groups. However, P/AI for second or greater services (≥2S) were greater (P = 0.007) in TRT (43.8 ± 2.9%) than in CON cows (32.3 ± 2.6%). Results from this study suggested that the use of PS during AI improved P/AI for ≥2S in lactating dairy cows. Performing a clean AI technique through the use of PS may be a cost-effective strategy to improve reproductive outcomes in dairy cattle. Further investigation is needed under various reproductive management conditions to confirm and determine the underlying mechanisms for these findings. Authors thank Coba/Select Sires Inc. (Columbus, OH, USA) for the donation of the AI protector sheaths, Meerland Dairy for providing the animals and Brian Alkire (Coba’s AI technician).
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Sartor, R. "Comment on “The proper homogeneous Lorentz transformation operator eL=e−ω⋅S−ξ⋅K: Where’s it going, what’s the twist?” by H. L. Berk, K. Chaicherdsakul, and T. Udagawa [Am. J. Phys. 69 (9), 996–1009 (2001)]." American Journal of Physics 70, no. 8 (August 2002): 863–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.1488638.
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Ahasan, M. N., M. A. M. Chowdhury, and D. A. Quadir. "Simulation of High Impact Rainfall Events Over Southeastern Hilly Region of Bangladesh Using MM5 Model." International Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 2013 (December 29, 2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/657108.
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Simulation of high impact rainfall events over southeastern hilly region of Bangladesh has been carried out using Fifth-Generation PSU/NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) conducting two historical rainfall events, namely, 21 June, 2004 and 11 July, 2004. These extraordinary rainfall events were localized over the Rangamati region and recorded 304 mm and 337 mm rainfall on 21 June, 2004 and 11 July, 2004, respectively, over Rangamati within a span of 24 h. The model performance was evaluated by examining the different predicted and derived parameters. It is found that the seasonal monsoon trough has northerly position compared to normal and pass through Bangladesh extending up to northeast India for both cases. The heat low was found to be intense (996 hPa) with strong north-south pressure gradient (12–15 hPa). The analysis of the geopotential height field at 200 hPa shows that the Tibetan high is shifted towards south by 7-8° latitudes with axis along 22–25°N for both cases. The analysis of the wind field shows that the areas of high impact rainfall exhibit strong convergence of low level monsoon circulation (~19–58 knots). The strong southwesterlies were found to exist up to 500 hPa level in both cases. The lower troposphere (925–500 hPa) was characterized by the strong vertical wind shear (~9–18 ms−1) and high relative vorticity (~20–40 × 10−5 s−1). The analysis also shows that the areas of high impact rainfall events and neighbourhoods are characterized by strong low level convergence and upper level divergence. The strong southwesterly flow causes transportation of large amount of moisture from the Bay of Bengal towards Bangladesh, especially over the areas of Rangamati and neighbourhoods. The high percentage of relative humidity extends up to the upper troposphere along a narrow vertical column. Model produced details structure of the spatial patterns of rainfall over Bangladesh reasonably well though there are some biases in the rainfall pattern. The model suggests that the highly localized high impact rainfall was the result of an interaction of the mesoscale severe convective processes with the large scale active monsoon system.
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Peiris, Dilka Rashmi, Millawage Supun Dilara Wijesinghe, Balangoda Muhamdiramlage Indika Gunawardana, Weerasinghe Mudiyanselage Prasad Chathuranga Weerasinghe, Rajapaksha Mudiyanselage Nayani Umesha Rajapaksha, Kumari M. Rathnayake, Nayomi Ranathunga, et al. "Mobile Phone-Based Nutrition Education Targeting Pregnant and Nursing Mothers in Sri Lanka." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3 (January 28, 2023): 2324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032324.
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Introduction: A woman’s nutrition during pregnancy and nursing affects the mother and the growing child. Similarly, the first two years of a child’s life are critical to their growth and development and are facilitated by optimum nutrition. Women’s nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices influence household food and nutrition security. Mobile health (mHealth) is a potentially effective health intervention in pandemic situations when physical gatherings are restricted. Objectives: To examine the effectiveness of a mobile phone-based nutrition education intervention targeting pregnant and nursing mothers in six Sri Lankan divisional secretariat areas. Method: This intervention was evaluated using a before and after within-subjects design. The intervention included 19 messages over four weeks sent via mobile phone, covering nutrition themes such as pregnancy care, infant and young child-feeding, diet, family care for mother and child, and cash management. The intervention was evaluated based on a quantitative survey using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and qualitative interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire. The study population was pregnant and nursing mothers. The objective of the qualitative interviews was to identify how respondents used messages and how satisfied they were with the project. The outcome measures were awareness/knowledge, attitudes, social norms, self-efficacy, behaviour intentions, and practices of pregnant and nursing mothers. Trained enumerators collected data using a mobile phone. Results: A total of 996 pregnant and nursing mothers participated in the pre-assessment survey, of which 720 completed the post-assessment. Most were nursing mothers (84.2% pre- and 78.9% post-assessment). Participants provided positive feedback on the intervention. Knowledge/awareness (t = −18.70, p < 0.01) and attitudes (t = −2.00, p < 0.05) increased when exposed to the intervention. Favourable improvements in the practices were also observed. Mothers’ practices related to breastfeeding and 24-h dietary diversity showed a statistically significant improvement. However, social norms and behaviour intentions did not significantly improve. The qualitative component also revealed favourable responses. Conclusion and Recommendations: The mobile intervention improved participants’ knowledge, awareness, attitude, and practices, but not social norms or behaviour intentions. This approach is recommended to be used on a larger scale in community settings. In addition, mobile technology could drive intervention in pandemic-related situations.
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Luo, Zhiwen, Xu Che, Yaoyu Xie, Yiqiao Deng, Yun Che, Xingang Bi, Hong Zhao, and Xinyu Bi. "TERT-associated DNA polymerases genes link CAF and CD8+ T Cells to improve immunotherapy response rate across multiple cancers." Journal of Clinical Oncology 42, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2024): e14669-e14669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.e14669.
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e14669 Background: The cancer cells exhibit heightened basal levels of responses to DNA breaks, accumulating DNA polymerases family (DNA-pol) as repair protein, thereby increasing DNA mutation and neoantigens. Based on this, we investigated the potential of DNA-pol as an immunotherapy biomarker and its underlying mechanism. Methods: We conducted a pan-cancer analysis of DNA-pol gene dysregulation in 6366 samples. Normal fibroblast, cancer-associated fibroblast, and CD8+ T cells were cultured from cancer patients (3 esophagus, 5 lung, 5 renal, and 3 liver cancer), then treated them with PD-L1 inhibitor or overexpressing TERT for RNA-seq and proteomics. 996 multiple cancer cases with ICIs were collected to test biomarker efficiency. A phase II clinical trial is evaluating and exploring our biomarker in mechanism prospectively. Results: We defined a distinct signature score of DNA-pol genes upregulated in cancer (DNA-pol-up) and linked to worse prognosis (HR=1.2). DNA-pol-up program dysregulation led to immune processes alteration and was related to upstream activation of TERT signaling (z-score=3.6) in ingenuity pathway analysis and linked to immunologically active tumors by recruiting CD8+ T cell and downregulating CAF. DNA-pol-up score was elevated in PD-L1-treated CAF and TERT-overexpressed CD8+ T cell, in MSI-H cancer, also related to more neoepitope peptides, TMB (Rho=0.54), cancer stemness (Rho=0.78), and tumor purity (Rho=0.29). Cancers that activate this program carried distinct genomic profiles with PIK3CA, KRAS, and TP53 mutations. This signature was an independent predictor for ICIs response (OR=2.52), even outperforming cytolytic activity, MSI, TMB (OR=0.9). In 12 clinical trial datasets, this signature could stratify the responding patients (maxAUC=0.762). In our phase II clinical trial, 34 liver cancer were enrolled with 4-year follow-up, it also has a satisfactory performance in predicting the ORR (AUC=0.699) and classifies mortality rate (HR=2.5), meanwhile verified its relationship with detailed potential molecular mechanism. Conclusions: Our findings identify a distinct transcriptional pattern of DNA-pol genes across cancers, which highlighted the role of DNA-pol family genes in predicting the immunotherapy response for the first time, and TERT could be a novel vaccine candidate for improving immunotherapy response.
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Yildirim, R., M. Dinler, S. Oğuzman, N. S. Yasar Bilge, and T. Kaşifoğlu. "POS1345 BEYOND PULMONARY ARTERY ANEURYSM; PULMONARY INVOLVEMENT IN BEHCET’S SYNDROME." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (May 23, 2022): 1010.2–1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.2669.
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BackgroundPulmonary involvement (PI) other than pulmonary artery aneurysm (PAA) in Behcet’s syndrome (BS) is still an area of investigation.ObjectivesHerein, we aimed to retrospectively evaluate all types of pulmonary involvement associated with Behcet’s syndrome (BS).MethodsAmong 800 BS patients according to International Study Group for Behcet’s Disease (ISG) criterias, 28 patients were selected based on their radiologic examination consistent with BS-related PI. Demographic features, other clinical manifestations of BS, treatment modalities and types of PI were analyzed.ResultsThe overall prevalence of PI was estimated 3,5% among all BS patients. PI was more common in males (82.1% vs 17.9%). Mean age for BS diagnosis and onset of PI were as following; 32 ± 10,9 and 37 ± 11,4 years. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was the most common accompanying vascular involvement (53,6%). PAA, pulmonary vasculitis (PV), and pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) were seen in 7 (25%), 13 (46,3%), and 18 (64,4%) of patients, respectively. In 5 patients, intracardiac thrombosis was present simultaneously in the right ventricle. Cyclophosphamide (CYC) was the most common preferred agent (78%) followed by azathioprine (AZA) as first line. Warfarin used in 18 patients (Table 1) Mortality was seen in 3 patients during follow up (1 due to PAA bleeding, others with unknown causes).Table 1.Characteristics of pulmonary involvement in BS patientsMale/Female, (n), (%)23/5 (82,1%/17,9%)Age of diagnosis, years (Mean± SD)32 ± 10,9Age of pulmonary involvement, years (Mean ± SD)37 ± 11,4Oral ulcer, (n), (%)28 (100%)Genital ulcer, (n), (%)20 (71,4%)Osteofollicular lesion,(n), (%)20 (71,4%)Erythema nodosum, (n), (%)13 (46,4%)Uveitis, (n), (%)8 (28,6%)DVT, (n), (%)15 (53,6%)Cardiac involvement, (n), (%)5 (17,8%)Pulmonary involvement, (n)-PAA, (n), (%)287 (25%)-PV, (n), (%)13 (46,4%)-PTE, (n), (%)18 (64,3%)Immunosuppression (first line agents)26/28-Steroid, (n), (%)26/28-CYC, (n), (%)22/26 (84,6%)-AZA, (n), (%)4/26 (15%)Anticoagulation (warfarin), (n), (%)18PAA; pulmonary artery aneurysm, PTE; pulmonary thromboembolism, PV; pulmonary vasculitis, CYC; cyclophosphamide, AZA; azathioprine, DVT; deep vein thrombosisConclusionDespite the importance of PAA in BS patients, capillaritis and thromboembolism other than PAA may occur commonly in BS as well. Onset at young age, male gender and previous DVT seem to be significant risk factors for the development of PI.References[1]Yazgan Ç, Ertürk H, Taşkin A. Imaging Features of Thoracic Manifestations of Behçet’s Disease: Beyond Pulmonary Artery Involvement. Curr Med Imaging. 2021;17(8):996-1002.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared
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BARBER, DAVID A., GAY Y. MILLER, and PAUL E. McNAMARA. "Models of Antimicrobial Resistance and Foodborne Illness: Examining Assumptions and Practical Applications." Journal of Food Protection 66, no. 4 (April 1, 2003): 700–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-66.4.700.
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Antimicrobial resistance is an issue of increasing global concern. Several investigators have suggested that antibiotic use in food-producing animals is a major contributor to the increasing incidence of antimicrobial-resistant organisms causing illness in humans (F. J. Angulo, K. R. Johnson, R. V. Tauxe, and M. L. Cohen, Microb. Drug Res. 6:77–83, 2000; P. D. Fey, T. J. Safranek, M. E. Rupp, E. F. Dunne, R. Efrain, P. C. Iwen, P. A. Bradford, F. J. Angulo, and S. H. Hinrichs, N. Engl. J. Med. 342:1242–1249, 2000; S. A. McEwen and P. J. Fedorka-Cray, Commun. Infect. Dis. 34(Suppl. 3):S93–S106, 2002; D. L. Smith, A. D. Harris, J. A. Johnson, E. K. Silbergeld, and J. G. Morris, Jr., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99:6434–6439, 2002; D. G. White, S. Zhao, R. Sudler, S. Ayers, S. Friedman, S. Chen, P. F. McDermott, D. D. Wagner, and J. Meng, N. Engl. J. Med. 345:1147–1154, 2001; W. Witte, Science 279:996, 1998). In this paper, we discuss this and other assumptions relevant to a quantitative risk assessment model for salmonellosis in humans. We also discuss other important aspects of modeling food safety and food-associated antimicrobial resistance risk to humans. We suggest that the role of food-producing animals in the origin and transmission of antimicrobial resistance and “foodborne” pathogens has been overestimated and overemphasized in the scientific literature; consequently, nonfoodborne transmission, including pet-associated human cases, has been underemphasized. Much evidence exists for the potential contribution to infectious disease that may be of human or pet origin (that may contact humans through food but not be of a food origin). Risk analyses that do not acknowledge the potential for these sources of cross-contamination will understate the contribution that origin has in the realm of foodborne and food-associated diseases (e.g., Salmonella) and the resulting uncertainty levels in the food system, thus leading to biased inferences. We emphasize the importance of evaluating both the foodborne and nonfoodborne transmission risk for salmonellosis and outline the basics of an analytical modeling approach in food safety with examples to illustrate strengths and limitations in the modeling. Examples illustrate, on a simplistic level, how varying assumptions and other inputs can influence the output of food-associated quantitative risk models.
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Ruddick-Collins, Leonie C., Neil A. King, Nuala M. Byrne, and Rachel E. Wood. "Methodological considerations for meal-induced thermogenesis: measurement duration and reproducibility." British Journal of Nutrition 110, no. 11 (May 20, 2013): 1978–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114513001451.
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Meal-induced thermogenesis (MIT) research findings have been highly inconsistent, in part, due to the variety of durations and protocols used to measure MIT. In the present study, we aimed to determine the following: (1) the proportion of a 6 h MIT response completed at 3, 4 and 5 h; (2) the associations between the shorter durations and the 6 h measures; (3) whether shorter durations improved the reproducibility of the measurement. MIT was measured in response to a 2410 kJ mixed composition meal in ten individuals (five males and five females) on two occasions. Energy expenditure was measured continuously for 6 h post-meal using indirect calorimetry, and MIT was calculated as the increase in energy expenditure above the pre-meal RMR. On average, 76, 89 and 96 % of the 6 h MIT response was completed within 3, 4 and 5 h, respectively, and MIT at each of these time points was strongly correlated with the 6 h MIT response (range for correlations, r 0·990–0·998; P< 0·01). The between-day CV for the 6 h measurement was 33 %, but it was significantly lower after 3 h of measurement (CV 26 %; P= 0·02). Despite variability in the total MIT between days, the proportion of MIT that was completed at 3, 4 and 5 h was reproducible (mean CV: 5 %). While 6 h are typically required to measure the complete MIT response, the 3 h measures provide sufficient information about the magnitude of the MIT response and may be applicable for testing individuals on repeated occasions.
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Schlapp, D. M., R. J. Stening, J. M. Forbes, A. H. Manson, C. E. Meek, and R. A. Vincent. "N<sub>2</sub> and M<sub>2</sub> lunar tides: atmospheric resonance revisited." Annales Geophysicae 14, no. 8 (August 31, 1996): 826–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-996-0826-8.
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Abstract. A numerical model has been used to calculate the atmospheric response to forcing at periods in the region of 12-13.5 h. The results show that the response is enhanced in the neighbourhood of 13 h. These results have been compared with lunar tidal analyses of mesospheric wind data and geomagnetic variations at a number of stations. It is found that the N2 lunar tidal component (period 12.66 h) is significantly enhanced relative to the main lunar tidal component M2 (period 12.42 h) in both types of data, compared with what would be expected from the gravitational tidal potential. This supports the predictions of the numerical model. An appreciable phase shift is also found in the experimental data between the N2 and M2 tides, agreeing in sense with what would be expected for a resonance at a period around 13 h.
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Kapicioglu, S., E. Gökce, Z. Kapicioglu, and E. Ovali. "Treatment of Migraine Attacks with A Long-Acting Somatostatin Analogue (Octreotide, SMS 201-995)." Cephalalgia 17, no. 1 (February 1997): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1997.1701027.x.
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Long-acting somatostatin analogue (SMS 201-995) inhibits serotonin, bradykinin, prostaglandins, substance P, and vasoactive intestinal peptide, which may be involved in migraine. We therefore decided to test the efficacy of SMS 201-995 in relieving the pain of acute migraine attacks. Headache relief was defined as a reduction in severity from grade 3 or 2 (severe or moderate) to 1 or 0 (mild or none). Patients experiencing migraine attacks were evaluated clinically. A double-blind parallel group trial was performed in which patients randomly received either a subcutaneous injection of placebo (saline) or SMS 201-995 (100 μg). SMS 201-995 was significantly more effective than placebo in reducing headache grade at 2 h (1.5 0.6 vs 2.2 0.7; p < 0.01), 4 h (1.6 ± 0.6 vs 2.1 ± 0.8; p < 0.05) and 6 h (0.8 ± 0.9 vs 2.1 ± 0.8; p < 0.001) after the initiation of treatment. By 6 h, apparent headache relief (reduction in severity from grade 3 or 2 to 1 or 0) was experienced in 76.5% of SMS 201-995 treated patients and 25% of the placebo-treated group. Headache relief was significantly better in patients taking SMS 201-995 ( p < 0.02). Furthermore, none of the patients became pain-free (headache grade 0) on placebo, while significantly more patients (47%) were pain-free on SMS 201-995 at 6 h ( p < 0.01). Headache improvement started significantly earlier in those patients treated with SMS 201-995 than with placebo. SMS 201-995 significantly improves the pain of migraine attacks, 2 h after the beginning of treatment. Additionally, we observed no side effects of SMS 201-995. We therefore conclude that a single dose of 100 μg given subcutaneously is an effective and well-tolerated agent for the treatment of migraine attacks.
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Seifi, Rahman, and Hamid Shahbazi. "Initiation and growth of fatigue cracks in sheets with U-shaped notches in the first and mixed modes of fracture." Journal of Design Against Fatigue 2, no. 1 (March 14, 2024): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.62676/jdaf.2024.2.1.10.
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This study presents the effects of the geometry of the notches on the fatigue life, crack initiation, and growth in mixed mode and first mode of the fracture. For this purpose, some samples were tested with U-shaped notches with different radii and depths and various orientations with respect to the loading directions under fatigue loads. Using the fatigue crack growth rates, the Paris law coefficients were obtained for the used material in different conditions. It was shown that these coefficients are independent of the geometry of the samples. Fatigue crack growth behaviors in the mixed mode tests were also in good agreement with the result of the numerical simulations. Predictions of the maximum tangential stress criterion and numerical simulation for the position of the crack initiation on the notch root were compared with the tested observations, which showed good agreement. The fatigue life of the test samples was compared with the analytical results provided by the Manson-Coffin law. It was shown that a 25% decrease in notch depth increases the fatigue life by 3 times, also, an increase of 0.5 mm in the notch radius increases the fatigue life by 40%. Finally, the fracture surface of the samples was checked using an optical microscope. This study showed that the fracture surfaces have one or two lateral shear lips and plane stress conditions were established. REFERENCES [1] X.-L. Zheng, Modelling fatigue crack initiation life, Int. J. Fatigue, 15 (1993) 461-466, https://doi.org/10.1016/0142-1123(93)90257-Q. [2] M. De Freitas, L. Reis, B. Li, Evaluation of small crack growth models for notched specimen under axial/torsional fatigue loading, Facta universitatis-series: Mechanics, Automatic Control and Robotics, 3 (2003) 657-669, [3] H. Zhang, A. Fatemi, Short fatigue crack growth from a blunt notch in plate specimens, Int. J. 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