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Academic literature on the topic 'Gypsiferous Soil'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Gypsiferous Soil"

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Arslan, Awadis. "A computer program to express the properties of gypsiferous soils." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 75, no. 4 (November 1, 1995): 459–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss95-066.

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Data from gypsiferous soils on an oven-dry basis cannot be compared with similar data from nongypsiferous soils because gypsum loses most of its crystal water on drying at 105 °C. A short computer program that uses the successive-approximation technique was developed to convert percent gypsum values determined on an air-dry basis or on an oven-dry basis into percent gypsum values determined on an oven-dry basis plus crystal water of gypsum. Percent gypsum and percent moisture of the analyzed soil samples are the required input data. The program calculates the corrected percent moisture and the percent gypsum on an oven-dry basis plus crystal water of the gypsum. The output of the program allows a comparison of gypsum contents, and any other properties, of gypsiferous soils after obtaining the correct moisture contents of the gypsiferous soils and makes these properties comparable with those of nongypsiferous soils. Key words: Percent gypsum, computer program, water content, gypsiferous soils

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Abdullah, Waleed R., and Sali Nabeel Jabrou. "Improving Ionic Exchange Process of Potassium in Poor Soils by Bentonite." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 961, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/961/1/012098.

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Abstract The current study was carried out to improve ionic exchange for potassium in sandy and gypsiferous soils to obtain an increase in absorption of potassium ions in NPK fertilizers, the improving process includes two stages; The first is adding NPK fertilizer with concentrations (0.020%, 0.040%, and 0.070%) by weight for two samples, the exchange potassium concentration was measured and notice the increasing from 124 ppm to 140 ppm in sandy soil and from156 ppm to 180 ppm in gypsiferous soil when using the highest concentration (0.070%), the second stage included adding grinded bentonite ore (10%, 20%,30%) by weight to the two samples after treated with NPK fertilizer in same concentrations above, potassium exchange increased to 340 ppm in sandy soil and to 450 ppm in gypsiferous soil by using NPK fertilizer and bentonite ore concentrate (0.070% & 30%) respectively.

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Salari, Kolsum Rahman, Mohammad Amir Delavar, Mehrdad Esfandiari, and Ebrahim Pazira. "Morphological, physical, and clay mineralogy of calcareous and gypsiferous soils in North of Lorestan, Iran." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 99, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 485–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2018-0141.

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There is limited information about the genesis, classification, and properties of calcareous and gypsiferous soils of western Iran. This study investigated the morphological, physical, and mineralogical characteristics of soils on different physiographic units, including plateau, colluvial fans, and piedmont plain in the Aleshtar region. The results indicated that the parent materials (calcareous and gypsiferous) as well as topographic conditions had the most influence on the soil profile development, pedogenic processes, and clay mineralogy. Illite, chlorite, smectite, palygorskite, and kaolinite clay minerals were identified using X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Illite, chlorite, and kaolinite have genetically been inherited from parent rocks. Neoformation of smectite and palygorskite other than genetic inheritance was formed as a result of calcite and gypsum precipitation and poor drainage. Calcareous soils with the petrocalcic horizon and gypsiferous soils contained more pedogenic palygorskite. In conclusion, we suggest adding a new great group of Gypsixerepts to the soil taxonomy to reflect the presence of pedogenic gypsum in Inceptisols.

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Dahash Al-Doury, Hamza Ayad, and Basim Shakir Al-Obaidi. "Boron adsorption kinetics in some Gypsiferous soils." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1120, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1120/1/012022.

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Abstract The aim of this paper was to study the kinetics of Boron adsorption by using kinetics concepts and different concentrations of Boron. A number of laboratory experiments were conducted on three samples of gypsum soils which were taken from some fields of Tikrit University and Al-Alam city. The soil samples contained different concentrations of gypsum low and medium with concentration of (62) g.kg-1 and (134) gm.kg-1 respectively from the College of Agriculture’s field at the University of Tikrit, and the third was high with a concentration of (241) gm.kg-1 from the Al-Alam city. Some physical and chemical properties of the soil samples were measured. The experiment included taking un-stimulated samples using plastic tubes and from sampling sites to obtain natural soil models, adding different concentrations of Boron to the soil and using kinetics equations to describe the adsorption of Boron. The most accurate description of Boron adsorption was the (Elovich equation). The treatment (0 mgB.L-1) gave a coefficient of determination of (0.9757) (0.9591) (0.9621) and a standard error of (1.605) (1.307) (1.429) for gypsum soils (low, medium and high) respectively. The treatment (20 mgB.L-1) gave a coefficient of determination (0.9671) (0.983) (0.9874) and a standard error of (9.011) (9.583) (8.804) for gypsum soils (low, medium and high) respectively.

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Al-Dabbas, Moutaz A., Tom Schanz, and Mohammed J. Yassen. "Proposed engineering of gypsiferous soil classification." Arabian Journal of Geosciences 5, no. 1 (August 6, 2010): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12517-010-0183-5.

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Afsharian, Aliabbas, Nader Abbasi, Amir Khoserowjerdi, and Hossein Sedghi. "Analytical and Laboratory Evaluation of the Solubility of Gypsiferous Soils." Civil Engineering Journal 2, no. 11 (November 30, 2016): 590–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2016-00000061.

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Gypsum soil is one of the problematic soils because of considerable solubility for Gypsum particles in contact with water. In this research the effects of three factors including; gypsum percent, hydraulic gradient and soil texture were studied on solubility of gypsum soils. To do this, samples of gypsum soils were provided artificially by adding various rates of natural gypsum rock including 0, 5, 10, 20 and 30 percent weight of 3 kinds of soil textures including clay, silty clay and sand. Totally, 15 types of gypsum soils were prepared. Then each of gypsum soils were leached under five hydraulic gradients levels 0.5, 1, 2, 5 and 10. The results of the test indicated that the rate of Gypsum in the soil had direct effect on the rate of soluble and by increasing the percent of Gypsum, the rate of solubility was increased. In addition, by increasing hydraulic gradient, the speed of water existing soil media in a specified time was increased and also higher rate of Gypsum was derived. Also the soil texture has a considerable effect on the rate of solubility of soil. In this study, rate of solubility of gypsum soils with sandy soils was determined as 1.5 to 2 times more than the rate of clay soils. The statistical results show the highest impact of gypsum percentage and lowest impact of hydraulic gradient soil on solubility of particles in different types of soils and it has no significant effect on the overall equation of the soil texture.

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POCH, R. M., and H. VERPLANCKE. "Penetration resistance of gypsiferous horizons." European Journal of Soil Science 48, no. 3 (September 1997): 535–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.1997.tb00219.x.

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POCH, R. M., and H. VERPLANCKE. "Penetration resistance of gypsiferous horizons." European Journal of Soil Science 48, no. 3 (September 1997): 535–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.1997.00089.x.

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Azam, Shahid, Sahel N. Abduljauwad, Naser A. Al-Shayea, and Omar S. B. Al-Amoudi. "Expansive characteristics of gypsiferous/anhydritic soil formations." Engineering Geology 51, no. 2 (December 1998): 89–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0013-7952(98)00044-1.

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Olarieta, José Ramón, Rafael Rodríguez-Ochoa, Emilio Ascaso, and Montserrat Antúnez. "Rootable depth controls height growth of Pinus halepensis Mill. in gypsiferous and non-gypsiferous soils." Geoderma 268 (April 2016): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.12.023.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gypsiferous Soil"

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Muhammad, Husni J. "The physical and chemical characterisation of Iraqi and Spanish gypsiferous soils, with detailed studies on the chemistry of phosphorus." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314586.

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Beletse, Yacob Ghebretinsae. "The environmental impact and sustainability of irrigation with coal-mine water." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24935.

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The environmental impact and sustainability of irrigation with coal-mine water was investigated from an agricultural point of view on different coal-mines in the Republic of South Africa. Field trials were carried out on a commercial and plot scale, on sites that could offer a range of soil, crop, weather conditions and water qualities such as gypsiferous, sodium sulphate and sodium bicarbonate waters. Crop production under irrigation with gypsiferous mine water is feasible on a field scale and sustainable if properly managed. No symptoms of foliar injury due to centre pivot sprinkler irrigation with gypsiferous water were observed. The presence of high Ca and Mg in the water suppressed plant uptake of K. This could be corrected by regular application of K containing fertilizers. The bigger problem experienced was waterlogging due to poor site selection, especially during the summer months. The problem is not related to the chemistry of the gypsiferous water used for irrigation. Pasture production with Na2SO4 rich mine effluent was also feasible, at least in the short term, but would need a well-drained profile and large leaching fraction to prevent salt build up. Forage quality was not affected by the Na2SO4 water used. NaHCO3 water was of very poor quality for irrigation and is not recommended for irrigation. Salt tolerant crops that are not susceptible to leaf scorching can be produced with this water, but only with very high leaching fractions and careful crop management. Regular gypsum application will be required to prevent structural collapse of the soil. Most of the salts applied will leach from the soil profile, and will probably need to be intercepted for treatment or reuse. The Soil Water Balance (SWB) model was validated successfully. The model predicted crop growth, soil water deficit to field capacity and soil chemistry reasonably well, with simulated results quite close to measured values. Soluble salts have to be leached from the soil profile, so that crop production can be sustainable, but will externalize the problem to the receiving water environment. To assess the environmental impact of irrigation with coal-mine water, it is valuable to develop a tool that can assist with prediction of offsite effects. SWB was validated for runoff quantity and quality estimations, and was found to give reasonable estimates of runoff quantity and quality. SWB also predicted the soil water and salt balance reasonably well. This gives one confidence in the ability of the model to simulate the soil water and salt balance for long-term scenarios and link the output of SWB to ground and surface water models to predict the wider impact of large scale irrigation. This will also link the findings of this work to other research oriented towards the management of mine water and salt balances on a catchment scale. It will also help authorities make informed decisions about the desirability and consequences of permitting mine water irrigation on a large scale. Irrigation with gypsiferous mine water can be part of finding the solution to surplus mine water problems. Appropriate irrigation management of mine water is essential for the long-term sustainability of irrigation.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2009.
Plant Production and Soil Science
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Kijjanapanich, Pimluck. "Sulfate reduction for remediation of gypsiferous soils and solid wastes." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01045005.

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Solid wastes containing sulfate, such as construction and demolition debris (CDD), are an important source of pollution, which can create a lot of environmental problems. It is suggested that these wastes have to be separated from other wastes, especially organic waste, and place it in a specific area of the landfill. This results in the rapid rise of the disposal costs of these gypsum wastes. Although these wastes can be reused as soil amendment or to make building materials, a concern has been raised by regulators regarding the chemical characteristics of the material and the potential risks to human health and the environment due to CDD containing heavy metals and a high sulfate content. Soils containing gypsum, namely gypsiferous soils, also have several problems during agricultural development such as low water retention capacity, shallow depth to a hardpan and vertical crusting. In some mining areas, gypsiferous soil problems occur, coupled with acid mine drainage (AMD) problems which cause a significant environmental threat. Reduction of the sulfate content of these wastes and soils is an option to overcome the above mentioned problems. This study aimed to develop sulfate removal systems to reduce the sulfate content of CDD and gypsiferous soils in order to decrease the amount of solid wastes as well as to improve the quality of wastes and soils for recycling purposes or agricultural applications. The treatment concept leaches the gypsum contained in the CDD by water in a leaching step. The sulfate containing leachate is further treated in biotic or abiotic systems. Biological sulfate reduction systems used in this research were the Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor, Inverse Fluidized Bed (IFB) Reactor and Gas Lift Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (GL-AnMBR). The highest sulfate removal efficiency achieved from these three systems ranges from 75 to 95%. The treated water from the bioreactor can then be reused in the leaching column. Chemical sulfate removal (abiotic system) is an alternative option to treat the CDD leachate. Several chemicals were tested including barium chloride, lead(II) nitrate, calcium chloride, calcium carbonate, calcium oxide, aluminium oxide and iron oxide coated sand. A sulfate removal efficiency of 99.9% was achieved with barium chloride and lead(II) nitrate.For AMD and gypsiferous soils treatment, five types of organic substrate including bamboo chips (BC), municipal wastewater treatment sludge (MWTS), rice husk (RH), coconut husk chip (CHC) and pig farm wastewater treatment sludge (PWTS) were tested as electron donors for biological sulfate reduction treating AMD. The highest sulfate reduction efficiency (84%) was achieved when using the combination of PWTS, RH and CHC as electron donors. Then, this organic mixture was further used for treatment of the gypsiferous soils. The gypsum mine soil (overburden) was mixed with an organic mixture in different amounts including 10, 20, 30 and 40% of soil. The highest sulfate removal efficiency of 59% was achieved in the soil mixture which contained 40% organic material.The removal of sulfide from the effluent of the biological sulfate reduction process is required as sulfide can cause several environmental impacts or be re-oxidized to sulfate if directly discharged to the environment. Electrochemical treatment is one of the alternatives for sulfur recovery from aqueous sulfide. A non-catalyzed graphite electrode was tested as electrode for the electrochemical sulfide oxidation. A high surface area of the graphite electrode is required in order to have less internal resistance as much as possible. The highest sulfide oxidation rate was achieved when using the external resistance at 30 Ω at a sulfide concentration of 250 mg L-1

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Khademi-Moghari, Hossein. "Stable isotope geochemistry, mineralogy, and microscopy of gypsiferous soils from central Iran." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq23945.pdf.

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Grobler, Lindi. "The nature of precipitated gypsum in a soil irrigated with gypsiferous water." Diss., 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28467.

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Lekhanya, Lebohang Lieketseng. "Bacterial diversity of soil irrigated with Gypsiferous mine water as determined by culture-dependent and -independent techniques." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29438.

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In the past, the response of microbial populations to anthropogenic disturbances was studied using conventional methods based on cultivation of microorganisms and on measurement of their metabolic activities (Fantroussi et al., 1999). However, these culturing methods often account for a small proportion of the total microbial community (Ibekwe and Kennedy, 1998; Hill et al., 2000). To overcome this, molecular techniques were developed and these allowed for the analyses of microorganisms in their natural habitats. Analysis of the 16S rRNA molecule and its corresponding gene (16S rDNA) has been the most widely used approach in the last decade (Amman et al., 1995). Although molecular techniques based on PCR have been used to eliminate the bias of culturing methods, they also have their drawbacks (Wintzingerode et al., 1997; Kirk et al., 2004). As another alternative, Garland and Mills (1991) developed a rapid community-level physiological approach to study microbial communities. The use of the community-level approach to microorganisms provided an accurate and meaningful measure of the heterotrophic microbial community by measuring the community’s metabolic abilities (Garland and Mills, 1991). Zak et al. (1994) used the method to study the functional diversity of microbial communities. The approach has been used to study the soil functional diversities in polluted or disturbed environments. Over the years, the application of gypsum in agriculture has received much attention. The gypsum has been used to ameliorate both acidic and alkali soils with elevated amounts of salinity (Suhayda et al., 1997; Sun et al., 2000). In these studies, the application of gypsum lead to changes in the soil chemical properties by causing a drastic increase in the amount of exchangeable calcium and sulphate and reduced the levels of exchangeable aluminium. It has been noted that high levels of aluminium and/or reduced amounts of calcium restrict root elongation and thus hindered the plants ability to access adequate water (Sun et al., 2000). Also, the replacement of sodium ions with calcium ions resulted in the flocculation of soil particles and improved the porous structure and water permeability of the soil (Suhayda et al., 1997). This study revealed that the application of the gypsiferous mine water did not have any negative impact on the bacterial communities. In fact, on average, the bacterial diversities were found to be higher in the gypsum-irrigated soils. This was most evident in pivot Major and Tweefontein, where the gypsum-irrigated soils were more diverse than the control soils. DGGE results from pivot Major and Tweefontein revealed a high level of bacterial diversity in gypsum-irrigated soils, as estimated by the number of dominant bands. Also, the number of heterotrophic bacteria in the gypsum-irrigated soils was one to two orders of magnitude higher than in the control soils. Principal component analysis performed on BIOLOG data showed that in both pivot Major and Tweefontein, the gypsum-irrigated soils were able to utilise a wider range of carbon sources as compared to their control counterparts. The bacterial communities in pivot Four appeared to be steady in both the gypsum-irrigated soils and the control soils. The number of visible DGGE bands was consistent between the gypsum-irrigated and the control soils. The heterotrophic bacterial counts in the gypsum-irrigated soils had an average of 273x106 cfu g-1 soil and those present in the control soils were slightly higher at 380x106 cfu g-1 soil. Principal component analysis revealed no differences in terms of substrate utilisation capabilities among the gypsum-irrigated soils and the control soils. All three techniques revealed no significant difference in community structures between soil profiles at 0-10 cm and 40-60 cm. The lack of difference could be attributed to the crops planted in all three pivots during sampling. The root system of Zea Maysplants enhanced microbial growth by exuding nutrients such as amino acids and sugars. In conclusion, the application of polyphasic approach proved successful in studying the response of soil bacterial communities to gypsiferous mine water. The use of both culture-dependent and culture-independent methods is recommended as the methods compensate each other’s limitations and therefore provide a more detailed description of the community. In this study, the application of gypsiferous mine water did not have an adverse effect on the soil bacterial communities. In fact, the addition of gypsiferous mine water seemed to ameliorate the soil bacterial communities. However, further comprehensive study is needed to determine the response of bacterial communities to gypsiferous mine water over longer periods of time. 16S rDNA sequencing and analysis of DGGE bands should also be done to identify the bacterial species present in the gypsum-irrigated samples.
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Microbiology and Plant Pathology
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Idowu, Olufemi Abiola. "Impact of irrigation with gypsiferous mine water on the water resources of parts of the upper Olifants basin." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3429.

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The generation of large quantities of mine wastewater in South African coal mines and the needs for a cost effective, as well as an environmentally sustainable manner of mine water disposal, have fostered interests in the possibility of utilizing mine water for irrigation. Such a possibility will not only provide a cost-effective method of minimizing excess mine drainage, as treatment using physical, chemical and biological methods can be prohibitively expensive, but will also stabilize the dry-land crop production by enhancing dry season farming. Considering the arid to semi-arid climate of South Africa, the utilization of mine water for irrigation will also boost the beneficial exploitation of the available water resources and relieve the increasing pressure on, and the competition for, dwindling amounts of good quality water by the various sectors of the economy. The disposal of excess gypsiferous mine water through irrigation has been researched in a few collieries in the Witbank area. In this study, the assessment of the impacts of using gypsiferous mine water for irrigation were carried out in parts of the Upper Olifants basin upstream of Witbank Dam, using the ACRU2000 model and its salinity module known as ACRUSalinity. The study area was chosen on the bases of locations of previous field trials and the availability of mine water for large-scale irrigation. The primary objectives of the study were the development of relevant modules in ACRU2000 and ACRUSalinity to enable appropriate modelling and assessment of the impact of large-scale irrigation with mine water and the application of the modified models to the chosen study area. The methodology of the study included the modifications of ACRU2000 and ACRUSalinity and their application at three scales of study, viz. centre pivot, catchment and mine scales. The soils, hydrologic and salt distribution response units obtained from the centre pivot scale study were employed as inputs into the catchment scale study. The soils, hydrologic and salt distribution response units obtained from the catchment assessment were in turn applied in similar land segments identified in the mine used for the mine scale study. The modifications carried out included the incorporation of underground reservoirs as representations of underground mine-out areas, multiple water and associated salt load transfers into and out of a surface reservoir, seepages from groundwater into opencast pits, precipitation of salts in irrigated and non-irrigated areas and the incorporation of a soil surface layer into ACRUSalinity to account for the dissolution of salts during rainfall events. Two sites were chosen for the centre pivot scale study. The two sites (Syferfontein pivot of 21 ha, located in Syferfontein Colliery on virgin soils; Tweefontein pivot of 20 ha, located in Kleinkopje Colliery on rehabilitated soils) were equipped with centre pivots (which irrigated agricultural crops with mine water), as well as with rainfall, irrigation water and soil water monitoring equipment. The pivots were contoured and waterways constructed so that the runoff could leave the pivots over a weir (at Tweefontein pivot) or flume (at Syferfontein pivot) where the automatic monitoring of the quantity and quality of runoff were carried out. The runoff quantities and qualities from the pivots were used for verification of the modified ACRU2000 and ACRUSalinity. The catchment scale study was on the Tweefontein Pan catchment, which was a virgin area mainly within the Kleinkopje Colliery, draining into the Tweefontein Pan. The data on the water storage and qualities in Tweefontein Pan, as well as the soil water salinities in the irrigated area located within the catchment were used for verification of results. In the catchment scale study, different scenarios, including widespread irrigation on virgin and rehabilitated soils, were simulated and evaluated. For the mine scale study, the Kleinkopje Colliery was used. The colliery was delineated into 29 land segment areas and categorized into seven land use types, on the basis of the vegetation and land uses identified in different parts of colliery. The centre pivot and catchment scale studies indicated that the impacts of irrigation with low quality mine water on the water resources are dependent on the soil types, climate, the characteristics and the amount of the irrigation mine water applied, whether irrigation was on virgin on rehabilitated soils and the status of the mine in terms of whether a regional water table has been re-established in an opencast mining system or not. The studies further indicated that the irrigation of agricultural crops with low quality mine water may lead to increases in soil water salinity and drainage to groundwater, but that the mine water use for irrigation iii purposes can be successfully carried out as most of the water input onto the irrigated area will be lost through total evaporation and a significant proportion of the salt input, both from rainfall and irrigation water, will either be precipitated in the soil horizons or dissolved in the soil water of the soil horizons. By irrigating with a saline mine water therefore, the salts associated with the low quality mine water can be removed from the water system, thereby reducing the possibility of off-site salt export and environmental pollution. On-site salt precipitation, however, may lead to accumulation of salts in the soil horizons and consequent restriction of crop yields. Therefore, efficient cropping practices, such as leaching and selection of tolerant crops to the expected soil salinity, may be required in order to avoid the impact of long-term salinity build up and loss of crop yields. The simulated mean annual runoff and salt load contribution to Witbank Dam from the Kleinkopje Colliery were 2.0 x 103 MI and 392 tons respectively. The mean annual runoff and salt load represented 2.7% and 1.4% of the average water and salt load storage in Witbank Dam respectively. About 45% of the total water inflow and 65% of the total salt load contribution from the study area into Witbank Dam resulted from groundwater storage. From the scenario simulations, the least salt export would occur when widespread irrigation is carried out in rehabilitated areas prior to the re-establishment of the water table due to a lower runoff and runoff salt load. It may therefore be a better water management strategy in active collieries if irrigation with mine water is carried out on rehabilitated soils. In conclusion, this research work has shown that successful irrigation of some (salt tolerance) crops with low quality mine water can be done, although increases in the soil water salinity of the irrigated area, runoff from the irrigated area and drainage to the groundwater store can occur. Through the modifications carried out in the ACRU2000 model and the ACRUSalinity module in this research work, a tool has been developed, not only for application in the integrated assessment of impact of irrigation with mine water on water resources, but also for the integrated assessment and management of water resources in coal-mining environments in South Africa.
Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2007.

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Jha, Arvind Kumar. "Role of Gypsum in Stabilisation of Expansive Soil with Lime/Fly Ash-A Micro-Mechanistic Study." Thesis, 2016. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4355.

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Stabilization of expansive soils with various calcium–based stabilizers (lime and cement) directly or in combinations with other solid waste materials such as fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) etc. is common approach by many foundation engineers to improve the properties, and conquer the distress caused by undesirable swell–shrink in the soil. Several researches have also been dedicated to understanding the complex ionic reactions and their products, and the mechanisms by which they affect the behaviour of expansive soils. Also, protocol for the lime stabilization of soil is established for the determination of optimum lime content (OLC) based essentially on the compressive strength test. The mechanism of lime treatment works mainly through cementation of flocculated matrix caused by the reduction in repulsion between soil particles with pozzolanic reaction compounds. However, no detailed studies have been carried out to establish the relation between change in fabric and its influence on the properties of expansive soil. It is also not clear whether the optimum lime content will be the same to improve different properties viz., strength and volume change. Hence, the research is directed to address these issues by performing elaborate experimental investigations on geotechnical properties and understanding the mechanism in improvement through fundamental physico–chemical and micro–analytical studies. There are several cases documented in literatures where recent heaving and premature failures of structures constructed on lime and cement–treated soils containing sulfates exhibits, leading to question the validity of calcium-based stabilization. The failures in sulfate bearing soils are attributed to the formation and growth of ettringite/thaumasite minerals in certain environmental regime. It is Stabilization of expansive soils with various calcium–based stabilizers (lime and cement) directly or in combinations with other solid waste materials such as fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) etc. is common approach by many foundation engineers to improve the properties, and conquer the distress caused by undesirable swell–shrink in the soil. Several researches have also been dedicated to understand the complex ionic reactions and their products, and the mechanisms by which they affect the behaviour of expansive soils. Also, protocol for the lime stabilization of soil is established for the determination of optimum lime content (OLC) based essentially on the compressive strength test. The mechanism of lime treatment works mainly through cementation of flocculated matrix caused by the reduction in repulsion between soil particles with pozzolanic reaction compounds. However, no detailed studies have been carried out to establish the relation between change in fabric and its influence on the properties of expansive soil. It is also not clear whether the optimum lime content will be the same to improve different properties viz., strength and volume change. Hence, the research is directed to address these issues by performing elaborate experimental investigations on geotechnical properties and understanding the mechanism in improvement through fundamental physico–chemical and micro–analytical studies. There are several cases documented in literatures where recent heaving and premature failures of structures constructed on lime and cement–treated soils containing sulfates exhibits, leading to question the validity of calcium-based stabilization. The failures in sulfate bearing soils are attributed to the formation and growth of ettringite/thaumasite minerals in certain environmental regime. It is reported that this swell is either by crystal growth or, expansion by hydration of the new minerals formed. Research findings contradict the swell mechanism caused by ettringite and it is still a matter of active current research. Further, the mechanism related to strength behaviour of lime treated sulfate containing soil is not well understood. Among several factors influencing ettringite formation, sources and form of sulfate and availability of water play a key role to induce the expansion in lime treated soil which is often termed as “Sulfate Induced Heave” and soil as “Manmade Expansive Soil”. Gypsum is the main source of sulfate in the soil and soil containing gypsum is termed as gypseous soil. Gypsum is an unpredictable material due to its property of changing the chemical structure under certain temperature–pressure and situations where water exists, and hence gypseous soils are not preferred as construction material. Therefore, prior to investigation of sulfate induced heave in lime treated soil, the role of gypsum in the geotechnical behaviour of soil needs to be investigated to make clear the inconsistencies and contradictions in the research findings of different investigations. Hence, the study has been taken up to investigate the impact of varying gypsum content on behaviour of lime treated expansive soil after curing for different period. The mechanism of changes in strength and volume change behaviour of lime treated soil in the presence of gypsum has been elucidated through detailed micro–mechanistic analytical study. Several remedial measures are adopted to control the sulfate induced heave in lime treated soil. Fly ash is often used to suppress this undesirable heave. Utilization of fly ash supplies additional pozzolans (silica and aluminium) with collection of adequate divalent and trivalent cations (Ca2+, Al3+, Fe3+, etc.). However, the effect of additional aluminium supplied by the fly ash on ionic reactions, particularly with ettringite formation in lime treated gypseous soil is not well understood. It is interesting to know that gypsum is frequently used as an accelerating agent to improve properties of fly ash with lime. Hence, an attempt has been made to understand the role of fly ash on the properties of expansive soil treated with varying lime content and the same combination by using diminutive amount of gypsum with a view to find a solution to overcome the adverse effect of sulfate, particularly in the form of gypsum. Mechanism of the strength and volume change behaviour of soil treated with varying lime content in the presence of diminutive gypsum content are investigated and explained. Though, fly ash has been recommended to control the sulfate induced heave in lime treated soil, no particular attention is given to quantify the amount of fly ash to suppress the heave. Also, the effect of intrusion of additional ions (silica and alumina), which are known to affect mineralogy and microstructure, altering the particle size by fly ash to soil is not understood. Hence, work is extended to compare and explore the effect of varying fly ash content on the behaviour of soil, lime treated soil and lime treated gypseous soil and deduce the mechanism through physico–chemical and micro–analyses studies.

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Books on the topic "Gypsiferous Soil"

1

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Soil Resources, Management, and Conservation Service. Management of gypsiferous soils. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1990.

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Organization, Food and Agriculture. Management of Gypsiferous Soils (Soils Bulletin). Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 1990.

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Kijjanapanich, Pimluck. Sulfate Reduction for Remediation of Gypsiferous Soils and Solid Wastes: UNESCO-IHE PhD Thesis. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Gypsiferous Soil"

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Lobo, M. Carmen, M. José Martínez-Iñigo, Araceli Pérez-Sanz, Gerardo Cabezas, Antonio Plaza, M. Angeles Vicente, and Isabel Sastre-Conde. "Evaluation of the Biological Activity in a Gypsiferous Soil Co-Amended with Residues." In Environmental Science and Engineering, 195–210. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21162-1_14.

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Korcak, R. F., and W. Doral Kemper. "Long-term effects of gypsiferous coal combustion ash applied at disposal levels on soil chemical properties." In Optimization of Plant Nutrition, 97–100. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2496-8_17.

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Nettleton, W. D., R. E. Nelson, B. R. Brasher, and P. S. Derr. "Gypsiferous Soils in the Western United States." In SSSA Special Publications, 147–68. Madison, WI, USA: Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaspecpub10.c9.

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Aldabagh, A. S., and S. I. Alkadhi. "Effect of Saline Water on the Effluent from Gypsiferous Soils." In Hydraulic Design in Water Resources Engineering: Land Drainage, 507–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-22014-6_48.

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Bhamidipati, Raghava A., Michael E. Kalinski, and L. Sebastian Bryson. "Effect of Saturation and Cementation on the Stiffness of Gypsiferous Soils." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 13–22. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6346-5_2.

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"Formation of Calcic, Gypsiferous, and Saline Soils." In Soil Formation, 203–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-585-31788-5_9.

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"Formation of Calcic, Gypsiferous, and Saline Soils." In Soil Formation, 215–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48163-4_9.

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Stoops, G., and R. M. Poch. "Micromorphological classification of gypsiferous soil materials." In Soil Micromorpohlogy: Studies in Management and Genesis, 327–32. Elsevier, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-2481(08)70421-5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Gypsiferous Soil"

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Kadum, Weam H., and Nisreen Kh Abdalamee. "MINERALOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF GYPSIFEROUS SOIL EAST RAZAZA LAKE - CENTRAL Iraq." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE III INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES IN MATERIALS SCIENCE, MECHANICAL AND AUTOMATION ENGINEERING: MIP: Engineering-III – 2021. AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0065491.

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Solis, R., and J. Zhang. "Gypsiferous Soils: An Engineering Problem." In 11th Multidisciplinary Conference on Sinkholes and the Engineering and Environmental Impacts of Karst. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41003(327)72.

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Abdelghany, O., M. Abu Saima, H. Arman, and A. Fowler. "Gypsiferous bedrocks and soils of Abu Dhabi and their implications for engineering geozoning." In International Conference on Engineering Geophysics, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates, 15-18 November 2015. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/iceg2015-046.

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Rea, Patrick, Lixin Jin, Thomas E. Gill, Jorge Gardea-Torresdey, and Carlos Tamez. "CYCLING OF GYPSIFEROUS WHITE SANDS AEROSOLS IN SHALLOW CRITICAL ZONE SOILS AT WHITE MOUNTAIN, NEW MEXICO." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-299621.

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