Journal articles: 'Gynaecological Cancer Treatment'

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O’Gorman, Catherine A., Sorcha Minnock, Joseph Mulhall, and Noreen Gleeson. "Attention to bone health in follow-up of gynaecological cancers in tertiary care." Women's Health 18 (January 2022): 174550652110707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17455065211070747.

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Objective: Women with gynaecological cancers are at an increased risk of cancer treatment–induced bone loss, which impacts on their quality of life and overall survival. Clinical cancer follow-up reviews focus on cancer status and fail to attend to important health and quality-of-life issues. We questioned whether there was a care-gap between tertiary clinicians and primary care physicians in the management of bone health in this cohort. Significant care-gaps in relation to bone health have been demonstrated in other oncologic settings. The objective of this study was to determine the level of attention to bone health in the care of women living with and beyond gynaecological cancer at a tertiary referral centre for gynaecological oncology. Methods: Retrospective, observational cohort study of attention to bone health in the management and follow-up of gynaecological cancers. Results: This study shows that there has been suboptimal attention from the carers at a cancer centre to bone health during the oncological follow up of women undergoing treatment for gynaecological cancer. In those at particular risk of cancer treatment–induced bone loss (iatrogenic menopause and/or external beam pelvic radiotherapy), 52% of women had no reference to bone health in their notes, and 57% had no assessment of bone mineral density. Conclusion: Tertiary cancer carers may underestimate the importance of bone health or believe that it falls outside the remit of their gynaecologic oncology service. Further research is needed to explore whether these findings are indicative of a true care gap and to gain insight into possible corrective measures.

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Aminu, Muhammad B., Sanusi M. Ibrahim, Nasiru A. Garba, Nasiru I. Umar, Nighat Khan, and Hadiza A. Usman. "Gynaecological malignancies in Azare, North-East Nigeria: an assessment of types, stage at presentation and treatment affordability." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 5 (April 28, 2020): 1895. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20201776.

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Background: In many parts of the world, presentations for most gynecological cancers are late; this makes treatment difficult due to the cost of chemotherapy or radiotherapy which form the bedrock for cure or palliation. Objective of this study was to determine the types, stage at diagnosis, affordability of care and outcome of treatment of gynaecological cancers in Federal Medical Centre Azare, Bauchi State, Nigeria.Methods: All cases of gynaecological cancers seen over a ten-year period, from 1st January, 2003 to 31st December, 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. The number of all gynaecological cases seen during the period was also extracted.Results: Gynaecological cancer cases accounted for 11.84 % of 8,642 gynaecological cases seen during the period of study. The mean age and parity of the women were 42±5 SD years and 5±1 SD respectively. Cervical cancer accounted for 55 %, ovarian cancer 30%, endometrial cancer 6%, choriocarcinoma 5%, secondaries/ cancers of undetermined origin were 4%. Ninety-two percent presented with advanced stage of diseases. Only 25.3% could afford the cost of full treatment, and 8.4% attained cure of their disease. The modalities of treatment available were surgery and chemotherapy.Conclusions: Cervical and Ovarian Cancers remain the leading types of gynaecological cancers in our environment and late presentations are frequent occurrence. Late presentation and unaffordability of treatments are major challenges associated with the management of these patients. Early presentation and funding mechanisms for gynaecological cancers are keys to improved cure rate and reduced mortality.

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Pahwa, Sangeeta, and Arshdeep Kaur. "Statistical analysis of gynecological cancer." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 11, no. 1 (December 28, 2021): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20215089.

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Background: Gynaecologic cancers constitute huge burden of morbidity and mortality all over the world. Statistics on gynaecologic malignancies is deficient. It is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. In India breast cancer ranks number one followed by cervical cancer. The aim of our study was to establish pattern and incidence of gynaecological malignancy.Methods: This hospital based study was conducted in Sri Guru Ramdass Institute of medical sciences and research, Amritsar on 282 patients from March 2020 to December 2020. The demographic data of all cancer patients regarding age, clinical presentation, site, staging, histopathology and treatment given was collected and was analysed in tabulated form.Results: In our study, breast cancer was the commonest malignancy encountered in 46.09% followed by cervical cancer which constituted 32.26%.Ovarian cancer was diagnosed in 15.24%, endometrial cancer in 3.19%, vulval cancer in 2.12% and vaginal carcinomas in 1.06%.Conclusions: Gynaecological cancers are one of the leading causes of cancer related deaths in women worldwide, hence it is important to be aware of various types of malignancies. In our study, cases reported in advanced stages because of lack of education and COVID scenario as patients were reluctant to visit hospitals. So we must continue to provide our gynecologic oncology patient the highest quality of medical care at the same time assuring maximum safety for patients.

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Gebretsadik, Achamyelesh, Netsanet Bogale, and Dubale Dulla. "Descriptive epidemiology of gynaecological cancers in southern Ethiopia: retrospective cross-sectional review." BMJ Open 12, no. 12 (December 2022): e062633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062633.

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ObjectiveTo determine the epidemiology of gynaecological cancer among patients treated at Hawassa University Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital (HUCSH) from 2013 to 2019.DesignA retrospective cross-sectional review.Setting, participants, and outcome measureA total of 3002 patients’ cards with a diagnosis of cancer at a tertiary hospital named HUCSH were reviewed between February and May 2020. HUCSH is the only oncological care centre in the southern region of Ethiopia. Of this all-gynaecological cancer charts were extracted and descriptive and trend analyses were done. The review was conducted between February and May 2020.ResultOut of all 3002 cancer cases, 522 (17.4%) cases of gynaecological cancers were identified in 7 years. Cervical cancer accounted for 385 (73.8%) of all gynaecological cancers in this study, the next most common gynaecological cancers were ovarian cancer 55(10.5%) and endometrial cancer 51(9.8%), respectively. The mean (SD) age was 44.84 (12.23). Trends of all identified gynaecological cancers showed continuous increments of caseload year to year. Since 2016 increment of cervical cancer is drastically vertical compared with others.ConclusionDespite the limited use of a registration and referral system in primary health institutions, the burden of gynaecological cancers has increased over time. Treatment steps should be taken as soon as possible after a cancer diagnosis to prevent the disease from progressing.

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O'Donoghue, Niamh, Charlie Sullivan, Claire Thompson, Feras Abu Saadeh, Waseem Kamran, Tom D’Arcy, and Noreen Gleeson. "Cachexia in treatment-naïve gynecological cancer patients: Prevalence, predictors, and clinical associations." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): e17576-e17576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e17576.

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e17576 Background: Cancer cachexia is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality, yet its prevalence in gynaecological malignancy is unknown. Prevalence of cachexia in de novo gynaecological cancer patients and the impact of cachexia on clinical parameters and patient-reported outcomes were investigated. Methods: A prospective, exploratory study of newly diagnosed gynaecological cancer patients was conducted at St. James’s Hospital, the largest treatment provider for gynaecological malignancy in the Republic of Ireland. Patients recently diagnosed with a gynaecological cancer were eligible. Demographics, oncological history, Clavien Dindo Classification and length of stay were collected from participants’ medical record. A questionnaire completed by participants on 3 consecutive days collected data on height, weight, weight history, recent dietary intake, nutritional impact symptoms and functional status. Cachexia was defined using the criteria established in 2011 (Fearon and Strasser et al, 2011). Participants’ staging computed tomography scans were utilised for body composition analysis. Descriptive statistics, Mann Whitney U tests and Chi-square were used to summarise and identify significant associations between variables. Logistic regression was used to model predictors of cachexia. The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Core Questionnaire in conjunction with EORTC gynaecological cancer-specific modules assessed quality of life. Results: A total of 94 participants were recruited. All five gynaecological cancers were represented. Prevalence of cachexia was 21.4% and was highest in patients with cervical cancer. Any weight loss in the previous month was predictive of developing cachexia. Low albumin and anorexia were associated with cachexia, although neither reached significance. Median post-operative length of stay for cachectic patients was 5 days (range 1-57) compared to 4 days (range 0-27) for non-cachectic patients (p = 0.682). 60% of cachectic patients had some post-operative complication. Cachectic patients were more symptomatic and had lower functional status in all quality of life categories, with the exception of emotional function. Conclusions: As prevalence of cachexia in this population is at least 22%, we strongly recommend screening for cachexia at all clinical assessments. Although weight loss and body mass index can identify the majority of cachectic patients, skeletal muscle mass index should also be included where possible. Its incorporation into standard radiology assessment of cancer patients would be optimal. Further research is warranted in a larger population to fully elucidate the predictors of cachexia. Quality of life is a useful means to monitor symptoms and functional status which may contribute to or exacerbate cachexia.

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Lane, Geoffrey. "Obesity and gynaecological cancer." Menopause International 14, no. 1 (March 2008): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/mi.2007.007036.

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Obesity is now considered to be a global epidemic. The problem of obesity has significant implications for the diagnosis and treatment of gynaecological cancer. The cancer most frequently associated with obesity is that of the endometrium. The risk of endometrial cancer is 2–3 times higher in overweight and obese women. Obesity also adversely affects survival in most studies. With regard to ovarian cancer the evidence is inconsistent. Obesity in young adulthood may be more important than that in later life. With regard to survival obesity has an adverse effect but not in early stage disease. Few data are available regarding cervical cancer and obesity. There is evidence that obesity is associated with adenocarcinoma rather than squamous carcinoma. Data on vulval cancer and obesity are scant.

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Quinn, M. A. "Sexual function after treatment of gynaecological cancer." Sexologies 16, no. 4 (October 2007): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sexol.2007.06.009.

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Ashraf, Tasneem, and Samia Haroon. "GYNAECOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES." Professional Medical Journal 20, no. 05 (October 15, 2013): 752–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2013.20.05.1511.

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Objectives: To determine the frequency of different Gynecological Malignancies and outcome following primary treatment.Study Design: Cross sectional Descriptive Study. Place and Duration of study: In a tertiary care hospital; Bolan Medical ComplexHospital Quetta Baluchistan from Feb 2006 to Nov 2009. Methodology: All the women presenting with genital tract cancer during thestudy period were included. Their age, parity, mode of presentation, anatomic area involved, and investigations performed were noted.Stage of disease (according to FIGO staging), surgical procedures performed, and operative finding were recorded. Specimens weresubjected to histopathological examination. Post operative chemo or radiotherapy was given according to stage and histopathologyreports. Patients were followed up by telephonic appointments for growth recurrence, disease free interval and mortality. Follow uprecords were also obtained from Oncology Department & CINAR (Cancer Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy) HospitalQuetta. Results: Amongst the 93 cases of gynecological cancer ovarian cancer was the commonest (45%), cervical and uterine cancerswere equal in frequency (17.2%), and Choriocarcinoma was seen in (9.3%) cases while vaginal cancer was rarest (1.83%). Epithelialovarian tumors were the commonest (71%) and 67% patients presented in stage III &IV. During the median follow up period of 25 months44% patients are alive without recurrence. 27% lost to follow up, 18% developed recurrence, 11% died with disease, 50% cancer deathswere due to ovarian cancer. Conclusions: Ovarian cancer is the commonest genital tract cancer and accounted for half of all genital tractcancer deaths. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve prognosis. Well established screening program and public awareness isimportant for early diagnosis and to decrease mortality.

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Howard, David, Jetzabel Garcia-Parra, Gareth D. Healey, Cynthia Amakiri, Lavinia Margarit, Lewis W. Francis, Deyarina Gonzalez, and R. Steven Conlan. "Antibody–drug conjugates and other nanomedicines: the frontier of gynaecological cancer treatment." Interface Focus 6, no. 6 (December 6, 2016): 20160054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2016.0054.

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Gynaecological cancers: malignancies of the cervix, uterus, ovaries, vagina and vulva, are responsible for over 1.1 million new cancer cases and almost half a million deaths annually. Ovarian cancer in particular is difficult to treat due to often being diagnosed at a late stage, and the incidence of uterine and vulvar malignancies are both on the rise. The field of nanomedicine is beginning to introduce drugs into the clinic for oncological applications exemplified by the liposomal drugs, Doxil and Myocet, the nanoparticle, Abraxane and antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs), Kadcyla and Adcetris. With many more agents currently undergoing clinical trials, the field of nanomedicine promises to have a significant impact on cancer therapy. This review considers the state of the art for nanomedicines currently on the market and those being clinically evaluated for the treatment of gynaecological cancers. In particular, it focuses on ADCs and presents a methodology for their rational design and evaluation.

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Sevyan, N. V., V. B. Karakhan, D. R. Naskhletashvili, A. Kh Bekyashev, E. V. Prozorenko, D. M. Belov, A. A. Mitrofanov, A. A. Pogosova, and B. I. Polyakov. "Brain metastases from gynaecological cancers." Voprosy ginekologii, akušerstva i perinatologii 19, no. 4 (2020): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1726-1678-2020-4-172-177.

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The spread of female genital tract tumours to the brain is a rare and insufficiently studied pathology. The problems of diagnosis and treatment of this group of patients still remain. The article gives a detail account of the clinical picture, radiological and morphological diagnosis, and the principles of treating patients with brain metastases from gynaecological cancers. Conclusion. A probable cause of a rare occurrence of brain metastases from gynaecological malignancies might be a high resistance of nervous tissue to various kinds of tumours. When local control over a brain tumour is achieved, this might improve the patient’s survival and quality of life in some particular cases. Key words: ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, cervical cancer, brain metastases

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Ramarao-Milne, Priya, Olga Kondrashova, Sinead Barry, John D. Hooper, Jason S. Lee, and Nicola Waddell. "Histone Modifying Enzymes in Gynaecological Cancers." Cancers 13, no. 4 (February 16, 2021): 816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13040816.

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Genetic and epigenetic factors contribute to the development of cancer. Epigenetic dysregulation is common in gynaecological cancers and includes altered methylation at CpG islands in gene promoter regions, global demethylation that leads to genome instability and histone modifications. Histones are a major determinant of chromosomal conformation and stability, and unlike DNA methylation, which is generally associated with gene silencing, are amenable to post-translational modifications that induce facultative chromatin regions, or condensed transcriptionally silent regions that decondense resulting in global alteration of gene expression. In comparison, other components, crucial to the manipulation of chromatin dynamics, such as histone modifying enzymes, are not as well-studied. Inhibitors targeting DNA modifying enzymes, particularly histone modifying enzymes represent a potential cancer treatment. Due to the ability of epigenetic therapies to target multiple pathways simultaneously, tumours with complex mutational landscapes affected by multiple driver mutations may be most amenable to this type of inhibitor. Interrogation of the actionable landscape of different gynaecological cancer types has revealed that some patients have biomarkers which indicate potential sensitivity to epigenetic inhibitors. In this review we describe the role of epigenetics in gynaecological cancers and highlight how it may exploited for treatment.

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Miao, Mengdan, Yifei Miao, Yanping Zhu, Junnan Wang, and Huaijun Zhou. "Advances in Exosomes as Diagnostic and Therapeutic Biomarkers for Gynaecological Malignancies." Cancers 14, no. 19 (September 28, 2022): 4743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14194743.

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Background: Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that can be released by practically all types of cells. They have a diameter of 30–150 nm. Exosomes control the exchange of materials and information between cells. This function is based on its special cargo-carrying and transporting functions, which can load a variety of useful components and guarantee their preservation. Recently, exosomes have been confirmed to play a significant role in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of gynaecological malignancies. Particularly, participation in liquid biopsy was studied extensively in gynaecological cancer, which holds the advantages of noninvasiveness and individualization. Literature Review: This article reviews the latest research progress of exosomes in gynaecological malignancies and discusses the involvement of humoral and cell-derived exosomes in the pathogenesis, progression, metastasis, drug resistance and treatment of ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, and endometrial cancer. Advances in the clinical application of exosomes in diagnostic technology, drug delivery, and overcoming tumour resistance are also presented. Conclusion: Exosomes are potentially diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in gynaecological malignancies, and also provide new directions for the treatment of gynaecological tumours, showing great clinical potential.

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Louis, Louay S., Srdjan Saso, Sadaf Ghaem-Maghami, Hossam Abdalla, and J. Richard Smith. "The relationship between infertility treatment and cancer including gynaecological cancers." Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 15, no. 3 (July 2013): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tog.12040.

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Bhattacharjee, Rahul, Debanjan Das, Radheka Bhadhuri, Srija Chakraborty, Tanima Dey, Rupam Buragohain, Asim Nath, Kartik Muduli, Pranjan Barman, and Rohit Gundamaraju. "Cellular Landscaping of COVID-19 and Gynaecological Cancers: An Infrequent Correlation." Journal of Oncology 2022 (October 17, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5231022.

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COVID-19 resulted in a mortality rate of 3–6% caused by SARS-CoV-2 and its variant leading to unprecedented consequences of acute respiratory distress septic shock and multiorgan failure. In such a situation, evaluation, diagnosis, treatment, and care for cancer patients are difficult tasks faced by medical staff. Moreover, patients with gynaecological cancer appear to be more prone to severe infection and mortality from COVID-19 due to immunosuppression by chemotherapy and coexisting medical disorders. To deal with such a circumtances oncologists have been obliged to reconsider the entire diagnostic, treatment, and management approach. This review will provide and discuss the molecular link with gynaecological cancer under COVID-19 infection, providing a novel bilateral relationship between the two infections. Moreover, the authors have provided insights to discuss the pathobiology of COVID-19 in gynaecological cancer and their risks associated with such comorbidity. Furthermore, we have depicted the overall impact of host immunity along with guidelines for the treatment of patients with gynaecological cancer under COVID-19 infection. We have also discussed the feasible scope for the management of COVID-19 and gynaecological cancer.

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Vagno, Giovanni Di. "What’s New in Gynaecological Oncology?" European Oncology & Haematology 07, no. 03 (2011): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/eoh.2011.07.03.188.

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Is para-aortic lymph node dissection beneficial in the treatment of endometrial cancer? Para-aortic lymph node dissection is associated with a survival benefit in women with intermediate or high-risk endometrial cancer: a retrospective cohort study of women with endometrial cancer reported that eight-year, disease-specific survival rates were significantly higher for women with intermediate or high-risk disease who underwent combined pelvic and para-aortic lymph node dissection compared with pelvic lymph node dissection alone; there was, however, no significant difference in women with low-risk disease. What is the best, cutting-edge management for clear cell and papillary serous cancers of the endometrium? There is increasing evidence of the efficacy of an integrated and modified approach for these special histotypes compared with standard treatment for endometrial cancer: platinum/taxane-based chemotherapy is effective in determining relapse/survival benefits of both early- and advanced-stage patients. Is it possible to predict optimal cytoreduction in ovarian cancer? A high preoperative serum CA-125 level is associated with a lower likelihood of optimal cytoreduction: a meta-analysis of 14 studies found that serum CA-125 ≥500 U/ml has sensitivity and specificity for optimal cytoreduction of 69 and 63 %, respectively. Can multiple conisation procedures increase the risk of preterm delivery? The risk of preterm delivery increases in women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia who undergo more than one cervical conisation. A population-based retrospective study reported that, compared with women who have undergone one prior conisation, the risk of preterm delivery increases threefold in women with two prior conisations. How often do the human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes 16 and 18 cause invasive cervical cancer? In recent decades, the rate at which the major HPV genotypes (contained within HPV vaccines) caused invasive cervical cancers remained stable. This observation is crucial, given the large amount of public money invested in prophylactic HPV vaccine campaigns.

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Nanjaiah, Ranjini, Mudassir A. Khan, and Vadiraja N. Rao. "Psychological impact of cancer diagnosis among gynaecological cancer subjects in a tertiary care centre." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 2 (January 25, 2017): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20170268.

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Background: The survival rate of cancer patients has improved and focus has shifted to improve the quality of life of the survivors. An adequate knowledge is required for psychosocial interventions and designing programs aimed at improving the quality of life of the cancer patients. The purpose of the study is to assess Anxiety and Depression [Psychiatric morbidity] among gynaecological cancer subjects and its association with duration since diagnosis, type of cancer, mode of treatment and socio-demographic variables.Methods: This is an interview based cross sectional study involving 131 patients diagnosed to have gynaecological cancer who were evaluated using hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS). The gynaecological and socio-demographic data was analyzed for any correlation with HADS scores.Results: The prevalence of at least one psychiatric disorder was 90% (n=118). Sixty subjects [45.8%] had anxiety, 71 subjects [54%] had depression and 118 cases [90%] had psychiatric morbidity. Patients suffering for less than three months had anxiety; three to 12 months were both anxious and depressed; more than 12 months were depressed. Young women with less education were more anxious compared to educated women.Conclusions: Given a gynaecological cancer an individual will have 0.9 chance of developing psychiatric morbidity. Young women with less education aware of cancer diagnosis for three to 12 months were at increased risk and needs intervention. As cancer incidence is increasing and psychiatric morbidity is common among cancer patients, training of health care personnel in cancer screening and recognizing patients with common mental disorders is required to improve their quality of life. Creating awareness of public regarding risk factors of cancers, importance of screening and cancer treatment is necessary.

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Morrison, Jo. "Advances in the understanding and treatment of ovarian cancer." British Menopause Society Journal 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2005): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/136218005775544534.

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In England and Wales, ovarian cancer is responsible for more deaths than all other gynaecological cancers combined. Unlike cervical cancer, there is no effective population screening programme and the majority of women will present when the disease has spread beyond the ovaries. Current first-line management involves surgical debulking, followed by platinum-based chemotherapy. However, most women will relapse and the five-year survival rate is 20–30%. Novel therapies, based on an increasing understanding of the molecular biology of cancers, are being developed and evaluated in clinical trials.

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Sheppard, Caren, and Rose Whiteley. "Psychosexual problems after gynaecological cancer." British Menopause Society Journal 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2006): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/136218006775997216.

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Sexual difficulties commonly arise following a diagnosis of cancer, sometimes as a consequence of treatment, but may persist long after the cancer has successfully been treated. Sexual function is sensitive to the effects of trauma, both physical and emotional, and this is particularly the case for patients whose cancer affects their genitals. Gynaecological cancer frequently affects a woman's body image and often to some degree evokes a fear of dying; together, these two factors are likely to have a profound effect on sexual functioning. A couple's sexual relationship is also likely to be adversely affected in a number of ways, for example if a change occurs in its dynamic from partners/lovers to 'patient and carer'.

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Joharatnam-Hogan, Nalinie, Fay H. Cafferty, Archie Macnair, Alistair Ring, and Ruth E. Langley. "The role of aspirin in the prevention of ovarian, endometrial and cervical cancers." Women's Health 16 (January 2020): 174550652096171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745506520961710.

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Drug repurposing is the application of an existing licenced drug for a new indication and potentially provides a faster and cheaper approach to developing new anti-cancer agents. Gynaecological cancers contribute significantly to the global cancer burden, highlighting the need for low cost, widely accessible therapies. A large body of evidence supports the role of aspirin as an anti-cancer agent, and a number of randomized trials are currently underway aiming to assess the potential benefit of aspirin in the treatment of cancer. This review summarizes the evidence underpinning aspirin use for the prevention of the development and recurrence of gynaecological cancers (ovarian, endometrial and cervical) and potential mechanisms of action.

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Davies, Quentin, and David M. Luesley. "Urological problems and the treatment of gynaecological cancer." Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynaecology 10, no. 5 (October 1998): 401–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001703-199810000-00011.

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Lauretta, Rosa, Giulia Lanzolla, Patrizia Vici, Luciano Mariani, Costanzo Moretti, and Marialuisa Appetecchia. "Insulin-Sensitizers, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Gynaecological Cancer Risk." International Journal of Endocrinology 2016 (2016): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8671762.

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Preclinical, early phase clinical trials and epidemiological evidence support the potential role of insulin-sensitizers in cancer prevention and treatment. Insulin-sensitizers improve the metabolic and hormonal profile in PCOS patients and may also act as anticancer agents, especially in cancers associated with hyperinsulinemia and oestrogen dependent cancers. Several lines of evidence support the protection against cancer exerted by dietary inositol, in particular inositol hexaphosphate. Metformin, thiazolidinediones, and myoinositol postreceptor signaling may exhibit direct inhibitory effects on cancer cell growth. AMPK, the main molecular target of metformin, is emerging as a target for cancer prevention and treatment. PCOS may be correlated to an increased risk for developing ovarian and endometrial cancer (up to threefold). Several studies have demonstrated an increase in mortality rate from ovarian cancer among overweight/obese PCOS women compared with normal weight women. Long-term use of metformin has been associated with lower rates of ovarian cancer. Considering the evidence supporting a higher risk of gynaecological cancer in PCOS women, we discuss the potential use of insulin-sensitizers as a potential tool for chemoprevention, hypothesizing a possible rationale through which insulin-sensitizers may inhibit tumourigenesis.

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Sana, Ayesha, Rashid Rasheed, Asma Rafique, Tooba Khaliq, Nazish Jabeen, and Ghulam Murtaza. "Gynaecological Cancer Diagnostics: 99mTc-Cisplatin Complex as a Future Approach for Early, Prompt and Efficient Diagnosis of Gynaecological Cancer." Current Medical Imaging Formerly Current Medical Imaging Reviews 15, no. 7 (August 26, 2019): 611–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573405614666180809123233.

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Background: ynaecological cancers (GCCa) are common and have a significant mortality rate all over the world. Early diagnosis of cancer can play a key role in the treatment and survival of a patient. Identification, staging, treatment, and monitoring of gynaecological malignancies is being done successfully by nuclear medicines. Discussion: Currently, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) centered imaging techniques are being developed for use in patients with GCCa as a diagnostic tool. The present work elucidates several clinical studies on the use of radiopharmaceuticals, based on their effectiveness, in the early detection and management of GCCa. It also highlights the importance of reconsidering the biology for nuclear imaging as a future modality for early, rapid and efficient diagnosis of gynecological cancers. This comprehensive review is a part of our study designed to detect gynaecological cancers at an early stage using radionuclide complex, 99m Tc-Cisplatin. Conclusion: This article summarizes the significance of radioscintigraphy such as single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and PET for identification of GCCa in the experimental humans and animals.

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Hundie, Gashaw Yada, Endalew G. Sendo, and Teshome Habte. "Ethiopian women’s sexual experiences and coping strategies for sexual problems after gynaecological cancer treatment: a qualitative study." BMJ Open 12, no. 3 (March 2022): e057723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057723.

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ObjectiveThis study explored women’s sexual experiences and coping strategies for sexual problems after gynaecological treatment.SettingThe research was carried out at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, one of the two cancer centre hospitals in the country.Study designA phenomenological qualitative study design was employed in this study.Study participantsParticipants were recruited using purposeful sampling. Thirteen eligible study participants were interviewed face to face. Data were collected from 2 February to 15 March 2019 and analysed at the same time. For data analysis, thematic analysis was used, which comprises three stages: data reduction, data display and data conclusion.ResultsFour themes resulted from the analysis of individual interview data, including treatment side effects, sexual issues following radiation therapy, lack of awareness regarding cancer treatment and sexual dysfunction, and coping strategies for sexual dysfunction following gynaecological cancer treatment. Three subthemes emerged as coping mechanisms for managing sexual issues and dysfunction among Ethiopian women with gynaecological cancer: avoiding sexual intercourse, praying for healing and seeking professional help. These themes were identified as the rich and detailed account of the experiences of sexually active women who have received treatment for their cervical cancer.ConclusionThis study has broadened the perspectives on sexuality in the setting of gynaecological cancer and challenged certain commonly held beliefs about sexuality after treatment. Researchers should look into how inclusive sexuality education and training may be better integrated into the training programmes of healthcare workers. More research is needed to learn how partners of women with gynaecological cancer cope with sexual changes after treatment, how the couple as a partnership negotiates changes after treatment, and the facilitators and barriers that healthcare providers face when discussing sexuality issues with patients.

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Kornovski, Yavor, Yonka Ivanova, Stoyan Kostov, Stanislav Slavchev, and Angel Yordanov. "GYNAECOLOGICAL ONCOLOGIC DISEASES AND PREGNANCY." Wiadomości Lekarskie 74, no. 8 (2021): 1984–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202108135.

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We review the current research literature on treatment behaviour for neoplasms of the female genital tract during pregnancy. Guidelines for clinical management of cervical cancer, ovarian tumours, and vulvar cancer are presented both regarding gynaecological oncologic treatment and obstetrics. Cervical cancer is the most common malignant tumour of the female genitalia during pregnancy due to the high incidence of this neoplasm in developing countries, including Bulgaria, on the one hand, and on the other, it affects women of reproductive age. Treatment algorithms depending on various factors – gestational age, stage of the disease, tumour lesion size, and presence of pelvic lymph node metastases, are presented. Ovarian tumours are classified into benign, borderline malignant, and malignant tumours. The latter, in turn, are divided into early and advanced stages, as well as epithelial and non-epithelial tumours, which can be detected at different stages of pregnancy.

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Scotland, E., and R. Haloob. "Re: The relationship between infertility treatment and cancer including gynaecological cancers." Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 16, no. 1 (January 2014): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tog.12069_13.

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Barker, Holly E., and Clare L. Scott. "Genomics of gynaecological carcinosarcomas and future treatment options." Seminars in Cancer Biology 61 (April 2020): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.10.006.

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Zoure, Abdou Azaque, Bagora Bayala, Hierrhum Aboubacar Bambara, Alexis Yobi Sawadogo, Charlemagne Ouedraogo, Jean-Marc A. Lobaccaro, and Jacques Simpore. "Epidemiological Situation and Medical Management of Gynaecological and Breast Cancers from 1998 to 2018 in West Africa: A Systematic Review." Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology 5, no. 4 (December 7, 2020): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31557/apjcb.2020.5.4.211-219.

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Objective: Gynaecological cancers are public health diseases and contribute to the global burden of diseases. In West Africa most have been carried out on all gynaecological and breast cases to describe the epidemiological features and management modalities.Methods: Our research covered a period from 1998 to 2018. The terms “gynaecological cancers” and “West Africa”; are used to find records in the research databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Google Scholar). There are countries (Cape Verde, Guinea, Gambia, Liberia, Sierra Leone) in which we have not found any work in the research databases. The process for selecting studies followed selection steps based on PRISMA 2009. Result: Cervical cancer is the commonest, followed by breast cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine or endometrial cancers, vaginal cancer and vulvar cancer. The lowest common was tubal cancers. The two English-speaking countries, Nigeria and Ghana, recorded 60 (60.82%) and 16 (15.68%) articles published respectively. At the same time, these two countries reported the most cases of gynaecological cancers including 72,848 cases (68.97%), 12, 327 cases (11.67%) and 12, 021 cases (11.38%) for Nigeria, Cote d’Ivoire and Ghana respectively. West Africa countries are characterised by poor outcome due to ignorance, superstition, self-denial, late presentation and unavailability of treatment facilities. Conclusion: Our study suggests that comprehensive national health insurance schemes as well as preventive strategies, patient and health work force education may improve the current situation. Also, West African countries must necessarily have a policy of acquiring the technical platforms to carry out these diagnostic and prognostic examinations.

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Nama, Vivek, John Hughes, Alison Stapleton, and Hoda Al-Booz. "Does intensity-modulated radiotherapy reduce the risk of pelvic insufficiency fractures in gynaecological cancers?" Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice 14, no. 2 (January 14, 2015): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1460396914000430.

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AbstractBackgroundIncreasingly we are using a combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy for treatment of gynaecological malignancies. Most studies in literature are concentrated on the concept of survival. There is minimal data examining the impact of these treatments on quality of life. Survival being a surrogate marker is an arbitrary end point and is of arguable significance if quality of life is not maintained. Long-term side effects of radiotherapy are debilitating and severely affect quality of life. Pelvic insufficiency fractures (PIF) are a known long-term side effect of radiotherapy. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is being routinely used in the treatment of prostate and head and neck cancer. We postulated that use of IMRT in gynaecological cancers reduces the incidence of PIF.Patients and methodsWe retrospectively reviewed 10 cases of PIF treated on standard treatment. We recalculated dose volume histograms based on IMRT protocols for patients with PIF.ResultsWe found that none of the patients received any radiation at the fracture site and the total radiation received to the sacrum was lower compared with the standard treatment protocols.ConclusionsWe conclude that the feasibility of IMRT in gynaecological cancers should be further evaluated and might be an useful tool in reducing the number of PIF.

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Biglia, Nicoletta, Valentina Elisabetta Bounous, Luca Giuseppe Sgro, Marta D’Alonzo, and Martina Gallo. "Treatment of climacteric symptoms in survivors of gynaecological cancer." Maturitas 82, no. 3 (November 2015): 296–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2015.07.006.

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Obwegeser, R., L. Auerbach, and E. Kubista. "Gynaecological aspects of tamoxifen treatment in breast cancer patients." Cancer Treatment Reviews 23, no. 5-6 (September 1997): 289–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0305-7372(97)90029-3.

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Creutzberg, C. L., J. C. Stroom, G. de Boer, A. G. Visser, S. Quint, M. Seven, M. J. J. Olofsen-van Acht, and P. C. Levendag. "453Improving set-up accuracy in treatment of gynaecological cancer." Radiotherapy and Oncology 40 (January 1996): S116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(96)80462-2.

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Warnock, Clare. "Patients’ experiences of intracavity brachytherapy treatment for gynaecological cancer." European Journal of Oncology Nursing 9, no. 1 (March 2005): 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2004.03.009.

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Takeda, Takashi, Kosuke Tsuji, Yusuke Kobayashi, Kouji Banno, and Daisuke Aoki. "Clinical and pathological analysis of companion diagnostic testing of microsatellite instability-high for pembrolizumab in gynaecologic malignancy." Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology 52, no. 2 (November 9, 2021): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jjco/hyab175.

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Abstract Background Microsatellite instability-high is a known biomarker for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint therapy. It is also a known tumour feature of Lynch syndrome, detected most frequently in endometrial cancer. However, it remains unclear how microsatellite instability testing is carried out in the clinical field. Methods Ninety-nine patients with gynaecological malignant tumours who underwent microsatellite instability testing as a companion diagnosis for pembrolizumab and 16 patients who previously underwent microsatellite instability testing as a screening for Lynch syndrome were recruited. Clinical information, microsatellite instability status, outcomes, genetic assessments and information about cancer tissue were retrospectively analysed. Results Ninety-nine patients had 101 gynaecologic malignant tumours including 26 endometrial, 38 ovarian and 28 cervical cancers, 9 with other tumours including 2 synchronous endometrial and ovarian cancers. All tissue samples were successfully tested, even though some were ≥10-year-old samples. Three cases (3.0%, 3/99) showed microsatellite instability-high; all cases were endometrial cancers with one case of synchronous endometrial and ovarian cancer [11.5% (3/26) in endometrial cancer, 2.6% (1/38) in ovarian cancer], and there was no microsatellite instability-high in cervical and other cancers. One of the endometrial cancer patients received pembrolizumab treatment, but finally died of cancer. Two other cases underwent genetic testing; both were diagnosed as Lynch syndrome. Six cases (37.5%) showed microsatellite instability-high in screening for Lynch syndrome. Conclusions Microsatellite instability-high was less commonly detected as a companion diagnosis for pembrolizumab in unselected gynaecologic patients. Genetic counselling should be always provided along with treatment selection.

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Mohamad Muhit, Akmal Muzamir, Luke Sy-Cherng Woon, Nik Sumayyah Nik Mhd Nor, Hatta Sidi, Aida Hani Mohd Kalok, Nirmala @. Chandralega Kampan, and Mohamad Nasir Shafiee. "Sexual Dysfunction among Gynaecological Cancer Survivors: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study in Malaysia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23 (November 23, 2022): 15545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315545.

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Background: Sexual dysfunction is a major issue among gynaecological cancer survivors. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of sexual dysfunction among survivors of gynaecological cancer in Malaysia and to determine its risk factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted of 116 married women with gynaecological cancer who attended the gynaeoncology and oncology clinics at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC). Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected. Sexual dysfunction was measured using the Malay Version Female Sexual Function Index (MVFSFI). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the risk factors of female sexual dysfunction. Results: The prevalence of sexual dysfunction among gynaecological cancer survivors was 60% (70 out of 116). Sexual dissatisfaction was the most prevalent domain of sexual dysfunction at 68.1%. Sexual dysfunction was significantly associated with low education levels (Primary level, AOR = 4.92, 95% CI: 1.12–21.63; secondary level, AOR = 4.06, 95% CI: 1.14–14.44). Non-Malays were significantly more likely to have sexual dysfunction compared with Malays (AOR = 3.57, 95% CI: 1.16–11.06). In terms of treatment, combinations of surgery and radiotherapy (AOR = 4.66, 95% CI: 1.01–21.47) as well as surgery and chemoradiation (AOR = 5.77, 95% CI: 1.20–27.85) were considered. Conclusions: Gynaecological cancer survivors with lower education levels, non-Malay ethnicity, and receiving treatment combinations of surgery and radiotherapy or surgery and chemoradiation have a higher risk of sexual dysfunction. A holistic approach in managing the various sociocultural and clinical issues is required to prevent sexual dysfunction among these patients.

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Kumari, Minakshi, Hilda Yenuberi, Swati Rathore, Deepak Abraham, V. T. K. Titus, Jiji Elizabeth Mathews, and Ashish Singh. "Pregnancy outcomes in non-gynecological and non-hematological cancers: a retrospective cohort." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 3 (February 27, 2020): 1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20200883.

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Background: Of all the cancers in women, about 10% manifest in the reproductive age group. These can be broadly classified as gynaecological cancers and non-gynaecological cancers; Among the non-gynaecological cancers besides haematological cancer, breast, thyroid, colon, bone and CNS are seen rarely. Clinical acumen in diagnosis and management of these rare cancers that appear during pregnancy or before pregnancy are difficult due to insufficient guidelines and rarity of the conditions.Methods: A retrospective analysis of rare cancers during a period of 10 years in this hospital was performed. Data concerning the gestational age at delivery, birth weight, mode of delivery and complications and the management of the cancers during the pregnancy were collected.Results: Among the 41 women with these rare non-gynecological, non-hematological cancers, 13 pregnancies were in women with prior history of cancers and 28 pregnancies were with current history of cancer. Majority of these cases with prior history were thyroid cancers who had uneventful pregnancies and delivered normally. Among pregnancies with current history of cancer, breast, CNS, GIT, and head and neck were the cancers with 5-6 cancers in each category. About 50% of these cancers were delivered early between 31-35 weeks to facilitate optimal treatment. Cancers with guarded prognosis diagnosed before 20 weeks had a termination of pregnancy.Conclusions: Cancers during pregnancies are rare and their care must be individualized.

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Venn, AJ, and DL Healy. "Fertility drugs and cancer." Reproductive Medicine Review 6, no. 3 (October 1997): 185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962279900001514.

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The short-term risks of fertility drug treatment, such as ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, are well recognised by clinicians providing infertility treatment. There is uncertainty, however, about whether there are any longterm risks such as an increased risk of breast or gynaecological cancer. The possibility of such long-term risks is sometimes a concern for couples who are considering or receiving infertility treatment and their concerns need to be discussed using the best available evidence. The need for appropriate evaluation of long-term health effects of treatment with fertility drugs, including cancer, has been highlighted in major reviews of infertility treatments in Australia and Canada.

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O’Donnell, Rachel L., Georgios Angelopoulos, James P. Beirne, Ioannis Biliatis, Helen Bolton, Melissa Bradbury, Elaine Craig, et al. "Impact of surgical site infection (SSI) following gynaecological cancer surgery in the UK: a trainee-led multicentre audit and service evaluation." BMJ Open 9, no. 1 (January 2019): e024853. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024853.

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ObjectivesSurgical site infection (SSI) complicates 5% of all surgical procedures in the UK and is a major cause of postoperative morbidity and a substantial drain on healthcare resources. Little is known about the incidence of SSI and its consequences in women undergoing surgery for gynaecological cancer. Our aim was to perform the first national audit of SSI following gynaecological cancer surgery through the establishment of a UK-wide trainee-led research network.Design and settingIn a prospective audit, we collected data from all women undergoing laparotomy for suspected gynaecological cancer at 12 specialist oncology centres in the UK during an 8-week period in 2015. Clinicopathological data were collected, and wound complications and their sequelae were recorded during the 30 days following surgery.ResultsIn total, 339 women underwent laparotomy for suspected gynaecological cancer during the study period. A clinical diagnosis of SSI was made in 54 (16%) women. 33% (18/54) of women with SSI had prolonged hospital stays, and 11/37 (29%) had their adjuvant treatment delayed or cancelled. Multivariate analysis found body mass index (BMI) was the strongest risk factor for SSI (OR 1.08[95% CI 1.03 to 1.14] per 1 kg/m2increase in BMI [p=0.001]). Wound drains (OR 2.92[95% CI 1.41 to 6.04], p=0.004) and staple closure (OR 3.13[95% CI 1.50 to 6.56], p=0.002) were also associated with increased risk of SSI.ConclusionsSSI is common in women undergoing surgery for gynaecological cancer leading to delays in discharge and adjuvant treatment. Resultant delays in adjuvant treatment may impact cancer-specific survival rates. Modifiable factors, such as choice of wound closure material, offer opportunities for reducing SSI and reducing morbidity in these women. There is a clear need for new trials in SSI prevention in this patient group; our trainee-led initiative provides a platform for their successful completion.

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Sekse, Ragnhild Johanne Tveit, Maalfrid Raaheim, Gunnhild Blaaka, and Eva Gjengedal. "Life beyond cancer: women’s experiences 5 years after treatment for gynaecological cancer." Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences 24, no. 4 (November 9, 2010): 799–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6712.2010.00778.x.

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Parkinson, Nancy, and Heather Pratt. "Clinical nurse specialists and the psychosexual needs of patients with gynaecological cancer." British Menopause Society Journal 11, no. 1 (March 1, 2005): 33–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/1362180053654484.

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Due to improved survival rates many women have been left with chronic problems following treatment for a gynaecological cancer. These include psychosexual issues, premature menopause and infertility. Common sexual problems may result from low self-esteem, loss of femininity, vaginal stenosis and dryness. In the UK, clinical nurse specialists are recognized as key members of the multidisciplinary teams required to care for women diagnosed with a gynaecological cancer. Their role in providing information and support with special reference to psychosexual problems is examined.

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Neven, P., I. Vergote, J. Van Ginderachter, P. van Dam, W. Tjalma, C. De Rop, and F. De Prins. "Endocrine treatment and prevention of breast and gynaecological cancers." European Journal of Cancer 38 (September 2002): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-8049(02)00267-8.

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Neven, P., I. Vergote, F. De Prins, C. De Rop, W. Tjalma, P. Van Dam, and J. Van Ginderachter. "Endocrine treatment and prevention of breast and gynaecological cancers." European Journal of Cancer Supplements 2, no. 9 (December 2004): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcsup.2004.08.051.

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Kew, F. M., K. Galaal, and H. Manderville. "Patients' views of follow-up after treatment for gynaecological cancer." Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 29, no. 2 (January 2009): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01443610802646801.

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MARKOVIC, Milica, Lenore MANDERSON, and Michael QUINN. "Treatment decisions: A qualitative study with women with gynaecological cancer." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 46, no. 1 (February 2006): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-828x.2006.00509.x.

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McGee, Pauline, and David Alex Munnoch. "Treatment of gynaecological cancer related lower limb lymphoedema with liposuction." Gynecologic Oncology 151, no. 3 (December 2018): 460–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.09.029.

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Oonk, Maaike H. M., François Planchamp, Peter Baldwin, Mariusz Bidzinski, Mats Brännström, Fabio Landoni, Sven Mahner, et al. "European Society of Gynaecological Oncology Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Vulvar Cancer." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 27, no. 4 (May 2017): 832–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/igc.0000000000000975.

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ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to develop clinically relevant and evidence-based guidelines as part of European Society of Gynaecological Oncology’s mission to improve the quality of care for women with gynecologic cancers across Europe.MethodsThe European Society of Gynaecological Oncology Council nominated an international development group made of practicing clinicians who provide care to patients with vulvar cancer and have demonstrated leadership and interest in the management of patients with vulvar cancer (18 experts across Europe). To ensure that the statements are evidence based, the current literature identified from a systematic search has been reviewed and critically appraised. In the absence of any clear scientific evidence, judgment was based on the professional experience and consensus of the development group (expert agreement). The guidelines are thus based on the best available evidence and expert agreement. Prior to publication, the guidelines were reviewed by 181 international reviewers including patient representatives independent from the development group.ResultsThe guidelines cover diagnosis and referral, preoperative investigations, surgical management (local treatment, groin treatment including sentinel lymph node procedure, reconstructive surgery), radiation therapy, chemoradiation, systemic treatment, treatment of recurrent disease (vulvar recurrence, groin recurrence, distant metastases), and follow-up.

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Conroy, Beth. "The other side of the table." Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 97, no. 9 (October 2015): 403–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/rcsbull.2015.403.

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Jensen, Pernille Tine, Marianne Carol Klee, and Mogens Groenvold. "Validation of a questionnaire for self-rating of urological and gynaecological morbidity after treatment of gynaecological cancer." Radiotherapy and Oncology 65, no. 1 (October 2002): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(02)00263-3.

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Sourouni, Marina, and Ludwig Kiesel. "Hormone Replacement Therapy After Gynaecological Malignancies: a Review Article." Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde 81, no. 05 (May 2021): 549–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1390-4353.

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AbstractRapid advances in oncology have led to an increased survival rate in cancer patients, who live long enough to reach the natural age of menopause or experience the end of gonadal function as a side effect of oncological treatment. Survivors after gynaecological malignancies are a major challenge as these diseases are hormone-dependent and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) possibly increases the risk of recurrence. This article is based on a selective literature search for relevant studies and guidelines regarding HRT after gynaecological malignancies and provides a broad overview of current research. The data for assessing the oncological safety of HRT after gynaecological malignancy are insufficient overall. According to current knowledge, HRT is fundamentally contraindicated after breast and endometrial cancer. After ovarian cancer, HRT can be used after assessment of the risks and benefits, while there is usually no contraindication to HRT after vulvar, vaginal or cervical cancer.

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Yamamoto, Akihito, Seiryu Kamoi, Shigeru Matsuda, Rieko Kawase, Kazuho Nakanishi, and Shunji Suzuki. "Efficacy and Adverse Events of Carboplatin Desensitisation Therapy for Gynaecological Cancer: A Retrospective Study." Medicines 9, no. 4 (March 30, 2022): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicines9040026.

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Background: Carboplatin, the key drug used in treating gynaecological cancer, has an approximately 12–16% risk of hypersensitivity reactions. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and adverse effects of carboplatin desensitisation therapy for gynaecological cancer. Methods: The desensitisation protocol was standardised as a four-step, 4-h, carboplatin administration in the hospital. A retrospective medical record review was conducted on 15 patients who underwent carboplatin desensitisation for gynaecological malignancies at our hospital. Patients’ data were analysed to evaluate the treatment success rate, therapeutic effect of desensitisation, adverse events, and treatment. Results: Of 91 carboplatin desensitisation cycles scheduled; the completion rate was 93.4% (85/91). Adverse events occurred in 23 of these 91 (25.3%). In four (4.4%) of the 23 cycles, hypersensitivity reactions could be treated only by discontinuing the infusion and slowing the administration, while in the remaining 19 (20.9%), medication was administered intravenously after discontinuing the infusion to manage hypersensitivity reactions. No treatment-related deaths occurred. Overall, 23 series of anti-cancer agent regimens, including carboplatin desensitisation, were administered to the 15 patients. The therapeutic response rate was 82.6% and the disease control rate was 95.7%. Conclusions: Carboplatin desensitisation was beneficial in patients with a history of carboplatin-induced hypersensitivity reactions.

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Drakopoulou, Ekati, Nicholas P. Anagnou, and Kalliopi I. Pappa. "Gene Therapy for Malignant and Benign Gynaecological Disorders: A Systematic Review of an Emerging Success Story." Cancers 14, no. 13 (June 30, 2022): 3238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14133238.

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Despite the major advances in screening and therapeutic approaches, gynaecological malignancies still present as a leading cause of death among women of reproductive age. Cervical cancer, although largely preventable through vaccination and regular screening, remains the fourth most common and most lethal cancer type in women, while the available treatment schemes still pose a fertility threat. Ovarian cancer is associated with high morbidity rates, primarily due to lack of symptoms and high relapse rates following treatment, whereas endometrial cancer, although usually curable by surgery, it still represents a therapeutic problem. On the other hand, benign abnormalities, such as fibroids, endometriosis, placental, and embryo implantation disorders, although not life-threatening, significantly affect women’s life and fertility and have high socio-economic impacts. In the last decade, targeted gene therapy approaches toward both malignant and benign gynaecological abnormalities have led to promising results, setting the ground for successful clinical trials. The above therapeutic strategies employ both viral and non-viral systems for mutation compensation, suicide gene therapy, oncolytic virotherapy, antiangiogenesis and immunopotentiation. This review discusses all the major advances in gene therapy of gynaecological disorders and highlights the novel and potentially therapeutic perspectives associated with such an approach.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Gynaecological Cancer Treatment'

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