Academic literature on the topic 'Gynaecological Cancer Treatment'
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Journal articles on the topic "Gynaecological Cancer Treatment"
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O’Gorman, Catherine A., Sorcha Minnock, Joseph Mulhall, and Noreen Gleeson. "Attention to bone health in follow-up of gynaecological cancers in tertiary care." Women's Health 18 (January 2022): 174550652110707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17455065211070747.
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Objective: Women with gynaecological cancers are at an increased risk of cancer treatment–induced bone loss, which impacts on their quality of life and overall survival. Clinical cancer follow-up reviews focus on cancer status and fail to attend to important health and quality-of-life issues. We questioned whether there was a care-gap between tertiary clinicians and primary care physicians in the management of bone health in this cohort. Significant care-gaps in relation to bone health have been demonstrated in other oncologic settings. The objective of this study was to determine the level of attention to bone health in the care of women living with and beyond gynaecological cancer at a tertiary referral centre for gynaecological oncology. Methods: Retrospective, observational cohort study of attention to bone health in the management and follow-up of gynaecological cancers. Results: This study shows that there has been suboptimal attention from the carers at a cancer centre to bone health during the oncological follow up of women undergoing treatment for gynaecological cancer. In those at particular risk of cancer treatment–induced bone loss (iatrogenic menopause and/or external beam pelvic radiotherapy), 52% of women had no reference to bone health in their notes, and 57% had no assessment of bone mineral density. Conclusion: Tertiary cancer carers may underestimate the importance of bone health or believe that it falls outside the remit of their gynaecologic oncology service. Further research is needed to explore whether these findings are indicative of a true care gap and to gain insight into possible corrective measures.
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Aminu, Muhammad B., Sanusi M. Ibrahim, Nasiru A. Garba, Nasiru I. Umar, Nighat Khan, and Hadiza A. Usman. "Gynaecological malignancies in Azare, North-East Nigeria: an assessment of types, stage at presentation and treatment affordability." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 5 (April 28, 2020): 1895. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20201776.
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Background: In many parts of the world, presentations for most gynecological cancers are late; this makes treatment difficult due to the cost of chemotherapy or radiotherapy which form the bedrock for cure or palliation. Objective of this study was to determine the types, stage at diagnosis, affordability of care and outcome of treatment of gynaecological cancers in Federal Medical Centre Azare, Bauchi State, Nigeria.Methods: All cases of gynaecological cancers seen over a ten-year period, from 1st January, 2003 to 31st December, 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. The number of all gynaecological cases seen during the period was also extracted.Results: Gynaecological cancer cases accounted for 11.84 % of 8,642 gynaecological cases seen during the period of study. The mean age and parity of the women were 42±5 SD years and 5±1 SD respectively. Cervical cancer accounted for 55 %, ovarian cancer 30%, endometrial cancer 6%, choriocarcinoma 5%, secondaries/ cancers of undetermined origin were 4%. Ninety-two percent presented with advanced stage of diseases. Only 25.3% could afford the cost of full treatment, and 8.4% attained cure of their disease. The modalities of treatment available were surgery and chemotherapy.Conclusions: Cervical and Ovarian Cancers remain the leading types of gynaecological cancers in our environment and late presentations are frequent occurrence. Late presentation and unaffordability of treatments are major challenges associated with the management of these patients. Early presentation and funding mechanisms for gynaecological cancers are keys to improved cure rate and reduced mortality.
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Pahwa, Sangeeta, and Arshdeep Kaur. "Statistical analysis of gynecological cancer." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 11, no. 1 (December 28, 2021): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20215089.
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Background: Gynaecologic cancers constitute huge burden of morbidity and mortality all over the world. Statistics on gynaecologic malignancies is deficient. It is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. In India breast cancer ranks number one followed by cervical cancer. The aim of our study was to establish pattern and incidence of gynaecological malignancy.Methods: This hospital based study was conducted in Sri Guru Ramdass Institute of medical sciences and research, Amritsar on 282 patients from March 2020 to December 2020. The demographic data of all cancer patients regarding age, clinical presentation, site, staging, histopathology and treatment given was collected and was analysed in tabulated form.Results: In our study, breast cancer was the commonest malignancy encountered in 46.09% followed by cervical cancer which constituted 32.26%.Ovarian cancer was diagnosed in 15.24%, endometrial cancer in 3.19%, vulval cancer in 2.12% and vaginal carcinomas in 1.06%.Conclusions: Gynaecological cancers are one of the leading causes of cancer related deaths in women worldwide, hence it is important to be aware of various types of malignancies. In our study, cases reported in advanced stages because of lack of education and COVID scenario as patients were reluctant to visit hospitals. So we must continue to provide our gynecologic oncology patient the highest quality of medical care at the same time assuring maximum safety for patients.
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Gebretsadik, Achamyelesh, Netsanet Bogale, and Dubale Dulla. "Descriptive epidemiology of gynaecological cancers in southern Ethiopia: retrospective cross-sectional review." BMJ Open 12, no. 12 (December 2022): e062633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062633.
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ObjectiveTo determine the epidemiology of gynaecological cancer among patients treated at Hawassa University Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital (HUCSH) from 2013 to 2019.DesignA retrospective cross-sectional review.Setting, participants, and outcome measureA total of 3002 patients’ cards with a diagnosis of cancer at a tertiary hospital named HUCSH were reviewed between February and May 2020. HUCSH is the only oncological care centre in the southern region of Ethiopia. Of this all-gynaecological cancer charts were extracted and descriptive and trend analyses were done. The review was conducted between February and May 2020.ResultOut of all 3002 cancer cases, 522 (17.4%) cases of gynaecological cancers were identified in 7 years. Cervical cancer accounted for 385 (73.8%) of all gynaecological cancers in this study, the next most common gynaecological cancers were ovarian cancer 55(10.5%) and endometrial cancer 51(9.8%), respectively. The mean (SD) age was 44.84 (12.23). Trends of all identified gynaecological cancers showed continuous increments of caseload year to year. Since 2016 increment of cervical cancer is drastically vertical compared with others.ConclusionDespite the limited use of a registration and referral system in primary health institutions, the burden of gynaecological cancers has increased over time. Treatment steps should be taken as soon as possible after a cancer diagnosis to prevent the disease from progressing.
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O'Donoghue, Niamh, Charlie Sullivan, Claire Thompson, Feras Abu Saadeh, Waseem Kamran, Tom D’Arcy, and Noreen Gleeson. "Cachexia in treatment-naïve gynecological cancer patients: Prevalence, predictors, and clinical associations." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): e17576-e17576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e17576.
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e17576 Background: Cancer cachexia is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality, yet its prevalence in gynaecological malignancy is unknown. Prevalence of cachexia in de novo gynaecological cancer patients and the impact of cachexia on clinical parameters and patient-reported outcomes were investigated. Methods: A prospective, exploratory study of newly diagnosed gynaecological cancer patients was conducted at St. James’s Hospital, the largest treatment provider for gynaecological malignancy in the Republic of Ireland. Patients recently diagnosed with a gynaecological cancer were eligible. Demographics, oncological history, Clavien Dindo Classification and length of stay were collected from participants’ medical record. A questionnaire completed by participants on 3 consecutive days collected data on height, weight, weight history, recent dietary intake, nutritional impact symptoms and functional status. Cachexia was defined using the criteria established in 2011 (Fearon and Strasser et al, 2011). Participants’ staging computed tomography scans were utilised for body composition analysis. Descriptive statistics, Mann Whitney U tests and Chi-square were used to summarise and identify significant associations between variables. Logistic regression was used to model predictors of cachexia. The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Core Questionnaire in conjunction with EORTC gynaecological cancer-specific modules assessed quality of life. Results: A total of 94 participants were recruited. All five gynaecological cancers were represented. Prevalence of cachexia was 21.4% and was highest in patients with cervical cancer. Any weight loss in the previous month was predictive of developing cachexia. Low albumin and anorexia were associated with cachexia, although neither reached significance. Median post-operative length of stay for cachectic patients was 5 days (range 1-57) compared to 4 days (range 0-27) for non-cachectic patients (p = 0.682). 60% of cachectic patients had some post-operative complication. Cachectic patients were more symptomatic and had lower functional status in all quality of life categories, with the exception of emotional function. Conclusions: As prevalence of cachexia in this population is at least 22%, we strongly recommend screening for cachexia at all clinical assessments. Although weight loss and body mass index can identify the majority of cachectic patients, skeletal muscle mass index should also be included where possible. Its incorporation into standard radiology assessment of cancer patients would be optimal. Further research is warranted in a larger population to fully elucidate the predictors of cachexia. Quality of life is a useful means to monitor symptoms and functional status which may contribute to or exacerbate cachexia.
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Lane, Geoffrey. "Obesity and gynaecological cancer." Menopause International 14, no. 1 (March 2008): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/mi.2007.007036.
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Obesity is now considered to be a global epidemic. The problem of obesity has significant implications for the diagnosis and treatment of gynaecological cancer. The cancer most frequently associated with obesity is that of the endometrium. The risk of endometrial cancer is 2–3 times higher in overweight and obese women. Obesity also adversely affects survival in most studies. With regard to ovarian cancer the evidence is inconsistent. Obesity in young adulthood may be more important than that in later life. With regard to survival obesity has an adverse effect but not in early stage disease. Few data are available regarding cervical cancer and obesity. There is evidence that obesity is associated with adenocarcinoma rather than squamous carcinoma. Data on vulval cancer and obesity are scant.
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Quinn, M. A. "Sexual function after treatment of gynaecological cancer." Sexologies 16, no. 4 (October 2007): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sexol.2007.06.009.
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Ashraf, Tasneem, and Samia Haroon. "GYNAECOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES." Professional Medical Journal 20, no. 05 (October 15, 2013): 752–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2013.20.05.1511.
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Objectives: To determine the frequency of different Gynecological Malignancies and outcome following primary treatment.Study Design: Cross sectional Descriptive Study. Place and Duration of study: In a tertiary care hospital; Bolan Medical ComplexHospital Quetta Baluchistan from Feb 2006 to Nov 2009. Methodology: All the women presenting with genital tract cancer during thestudy period were included. Their age, parity, mode of presentation, anatomic area involved, and investigations performed were noted.Stage of disease (according to FIGO staging), surgical procedures performed, and operative finding were recorded. Specimens weresubjected to histopathological examination. Post operative chemo or radiotherapy was given according to stage and histopathologyreports. Patients were followed up by telephonic appointments for growth recurrence, disease free interval and mortality. Follow uprecords were also obtained from Oncology Department & CINAR (Cancer Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy) HospitalQuetta. Results: Amongst the 93 cases of gynecological cancer ovarian cancer was the commonest (45%), cervical and uterine cancerswere equal in frequency (17.2%), and Choriocarcinoma was seen in (9.3%) cases while vaginal cancer was rarest (1.83%). Epithelialovarian tumors were the commonest (71%) and 67% patients presented in stage III &IV. During the median follow up period of 25 months44% patients are alive without recurrence. 27% lost to follow up, 18% developed recurrence, 11% died with disease, 50% cancer deathswere due to ovarian cancer. Conclusions: Ovarian cancer is the commonest genital tract cancer and accounted for half of all genital tractcancer deaths. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve prognosis. Well established screening program and public awareness isimportant for early diagnosis and to decrease mortality.
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Howard, David, Jetzabel Garcia-Parra, Gareth D. Healey, Cynthia Amakiri, Lavinia Margarit, Lewis W. Francis, Deyarina Gonzalez, and R. Steven Conlan. "Antibody–drug conjugates and other nanomedicines: the frontier of gynaecological cancer treatment." Interface Focus 6, no. 6 (December 6, 2016): 20160054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2016.0054.
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Gynaecological cancers: malignancies of the cervix, uterus, ovaries, vagina and vulva, are responsible for over 1.1 million new cancer cases and almost half a million deaths annually. Ovarian cancer in particular is difficult to treat due to often being diagnosed at a late stage, and the incidence of uterine and vulvar malignancies are both on the rise. The field of nanomedicine is beginning to introduce drugs into the clinic for oncological applications exemplified by the liposomal drugs, Doxil and Myocet, the nanoparticle, Abraxane and antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs), Kadcyla and Adcetris. With many more agents currently undergoing clinical trials, the field of nanomedicine promises to have a significant impact on cancer therapy. This review considers the state of the art for nanomedicines currently on the market and those being clinically evaluated for the treatment of gynaecological cancers. In particular, it focuses on ADCs and presents a methodology for their rational design and evaluation.
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Sevyan, N. V., V. B. Karakhan, D. R. Naskhletashvili, A. Kh Bekyashev, E. V. Prozorenko, D. M. Belov, A. A. Mitrofanov, A. A. Pogosova, and B. I. Polyakov. "Brain metastases from gynaecological cancers." Voprosy ginekologii, akušerstva i perinatologii 19, no. 4 (2020): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1726-1678-2020-4-172-177.
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The spread of female genital tract tumours to the brain is a rare and insufficiently studied pathology. The problems of diagnosis and treatment of this group of patients still remain. The article gives a detail account of the clinical picture, radiological and morphological diagnosis, and the principles of treating patients with brain metastases from gynaecological cancers. Conclusion. A probable cause of a rare occurrence of brain metastases from gynaecological malignancies might be a high resistance of nervous tissue to various kinds of tumours. When local control over a brain tumour is achieved, this might improve the patient’s survival and quality of life in some particular cases. Key words: ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, cervical cancer, brain metastases
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gynaecological Cancer Treatment"
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Archer, Stephanie. "Treatment beyond treatment : exploring the effects of two complementary interventions on patient reported outcomes of gynaecological cancer." Thesis, University of Derby, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10545/305905.
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Gynaecological cancers (which include cancers of the ovary, cervix, uterus, vagina, endometrium, vulva and fallopian tube) account for 19% of all female cancers, and there are approximately 942,000 new cases diagnosed per year worldwide. Treatment for gynaecological cancer is often multi modal and consists of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Current government policy has highlighted the need to focus on improving patient reported outcomes, including the patient experience of all aspects of cancer (including treatment), and the quality of life (QoL) of patients living with and beyond a cancer diagnosis. This thesis focuses on the effects of two different complementary interventions available to patients who were undergoing active treatment for gynaecological cancer at the Royal Derby Hospital between 2010 and 2012. Patient reported outcomes were explored in terms of the patients’ experience of the interventions and their reported levels of quality of life. The first study in this thesis explores the patient experience of an enhanced recovery programme (ERP) which was implemented for gynaecological cancer patients undergoing surgery at the Royal Derby Hospital in 2010. Previous research has found that ERPs (which complement traditional surgery) can decrease length of hospital stay, and they are now being implemented nationwide. However, there is a paucity of research into the patient experience of ERPs, especially in the field of gynaecological cancer. This study utilised a qualitative methodology to explore the experiences of 14 gynaecological cancer patients who took part in the ERP at Derby. Each patient was interviewed using a semi-structured format and the transcripts were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The analysis highlighted that patients highly value the programme, and four main themes, fundamental to their experience, emerged from the data: taking part in the programme, the role of home, managing expectations and individual experiences outside of the programme. The second part of this thesis explores whether yoga can improve the quality of life (QoL) of patients undergoing treatment for gynaecological cancer when used as a complementary therapy. Previous research has found that participation in yoga can improve QoL in the breast cancer population, although there have been no similar studies conducted with UK gynaecological cancer patients to date. The study presented here utilised a randomised controlled design; 44 patients receiving treatment for gynaecological cancer were randomly allocated into a control group or a 10 week yoga intervention group. Outcomes were measured using the EORTC QLQ C30 questionnaire pre and post trial alongside visual analogue scales that were incorporated into a weekly diary. The results suggest that there was no significant effect of yoga on QoL, although there was encouraging data from one set of tests within the analysis, which suggested that patients on the yoga arm were seeing more improvement in QoL over time compared to the controls. Methodological improvements to clinical trials investigating complementary interventions are discussed in light of the results of this study. The overall findings of these two studies highlight that the utilisation of mixed methods is efficacious when exploring the effects of complementary interventions on the patient reported outcomes of those with gynaecological cancer. The use of qualitative methods to explore the patient experience of the ERP allowed for an in-depth, unique analysis to take place which was specific to the service delivered at The Royal Derby Hospital. The findings and recommendations from this part of the research have been incorporated into the on-going development of the pathway; it has indicated that more use of qualitative methods is needed in health services research to ensure that the patient experience is being fully explored, in line with the current government policy. Similarly, the second part of the research reported here indicates that further research in the area of yoga and gynaecological cancer is warranted. This requires a narrower focus with regards to both cancer type and point of treatment, to ensure that the number of variables is controlled. In addition, appropriate measurement and analysis techniques need to be considered (such as the generalised additive model used in this research) to preserve the richness of the data as this has not been considered (or utilised) in the many previous pieces of research in the area.
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Williams, Natalie Fleur. "Nurses’ perceptions of providing psychosexual care for women undergoing gynaecological cancer treatment." Thesis, Curtin University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/74924.
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Gynaecological cancer presents challenges to women’s sexuality. Using qualitative description, interviews were analysed gaining insight into how seventeen Western Australian nurses conceptualise provision of psychosexual care for women undergoing gynaecological cancer treatment. Five themes and nine subthemes were revealed and views differed around whether factors had a positive or negative impact on care. Nurse-patient rapport, making assumptions and role clarification were discussed. Recommendations include standardised psychosexual assessment, shared responsibility of care, and skills-based education programs.
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Balogun, Nyaladzi. "Nutritional status of women referred to a gynaecological cancer centre for treatment of a pelvic mass." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10057457/.
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Background: Malnutrition is a major challenge for patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer and affects between 28% and 67% of women at some point in their cancer trajectory. It is strongly associated with poor health outcomes and decreased survival. Few studies have evaluated nutritional status in this population. The impact of nutritional intervention on outcomes such as body composition and survival is also not well understood. Characterising changes in nutritional status and understanding how women perceive a cancer diagnosis to affect their diet and nutritional needs is required. Aim: This study characterises nutritional status of women diagnosed with ovarian cancer during the period of acute first-line treatment. It also explores the perceptions of women regarding their nutrition and dietary needs and their preferences for supportive intervention. Methods: A mixed-method (quantitative/qualitative) study was conducted to prospectively assess nutritional status. 58 newly diagnosed women and 27 controls were recruited and anthropometric/body composition measures (weight, body fat, dry lean mass, lean mass total body water and extracellular water) and biochemical markers (prealbumin, albumin, C-reactive protein, CA125) assessed at baseline, during treatment and at the end of treatment. Women also completed a study specific questionnaire on their health and dietary intake as well as quality of life questionnaires. Data was analysed using SPSS. Two focus groups with 8 eight women were conducted and discussions centred on the importance of nutrition. The group sessions were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. Results: The findings are that some women (43%) are malnourished by the time they attend a cancer centre for investigation or treatment of ovarian their cancer. They have lost weight, have decreased lean mass and a low prealbumin. Their quality of life is also affected. Women in the study consider their diet and nutrition to be important and do not feel adequately supported by their clinical team. Nutritional support based on current practice does not seem to improve nutrition outcomes. Conclusion: Well-designed, targeted, randomised controlled trials with specific interventions aimed at early treatment and prevention of further nutritional complications in ovarian cancer patients are urgently required.
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Krupnik, Yael. "An investigation of past-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and general distress in women post treatment of gynaecological cancer." Thesis, University of London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522233.
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Kuku, S. Y. "Radiation-Induced Bowel Injury (RIBI) : exploring potential predictive and prognostic factors and strategies to improve the management of women treated with pelvic radiation for cervical and endometrial cancers : cancer survivorship : improving quality of life after treatment for gynaecological cancers." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1469401/.
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Introduction: The true incidence of radiation toxicity to the bowel remains unknown; in the UK, it has been reported that about 90% of patients who receive pelvic radiotherapy will have some change in their bowel function, and in up to 50% this affects their quality of life significantly (Andreyev, 2007). It is unclear why some cancer survivors develop significant symptoms that arise as a result of multiple functional, structural and physiological deficiencies related to radiation injury. Aims: There is a need to identify tissue specific biomarkers of normal tissue injury and identify those patients who might be at risk of severe injury to the bowel. In this thesis, I sought to investigate the true incidence and presentation of RIBI in a London Cancer Centre. I then developed a template for a scoring model to explore how reporting of symptoms in the clinical setting might be improved. After investigating the use of cell-cycle markers as a marker of (chemo)-radiosensitivity, I then utilised these markers in colonic crypt cells to attempt to link the proliferative status after exposure to radiation to symptom presentation and severity. Methods and Results: A retrospective cohort study revealed 152 women treated for cervical and endometrial cancer with symptoms of RIBI, which were clustered into 3 groups using factor analysis. Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis was used to test a novel scoring model template. Immunostaining in 35 cervical tumour samples with the cell-cycle markers Mcm2, Geminin, and Ki67 did not find expression of these markers were linked to (chemo)-radiosensitivity and tumour response. These markers were used to assess proliferation in colo-rectal crypt cells and showed decreased expression in all layers suggesting a loss of proliferative capacity after radiation. Conclusions: Young patients with cervical cancer are more likely to develop significant symptoms of RIBI. Our simple scoring tool validated on a prospective cohort could provide invaluable data to improve management of women with bowel symptoms after radiation. Further work exploring proliferation in colonic crypt cells after radiation exposure could identify women at greater risk of radiation injury.
Books on the topic "Gynaecological Cancer Treatment"
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Michael, Friedlander, and Thomas Gillian prof, eds. Essentials of gynaecological cancer. London: Chapman & Hall Medical, 1998.
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Nordin, Andy. Gynaecological oncology: Clinical drawings for your patients. Abingdon, Oxford: Health Press, 1999.
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Douefekas, Konstantinos. Survival after Treatment for Gynaecological Cancer. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2020.
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Cassidy, Jim, Donald Bissett, Roy A. J. Spence OBE, Miranda Payne, Gareth Morris-Stiff, and Madhumita Bhattacharyya. Gynaecological cancers. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199689842.003.0020_update_001.
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Genitourinary cancers examines the malignancies arising in the kidney, ureter, bladder, prostate, testis, and penis. Renal cancer has high propensity for systemic spread, largely mediated by overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Treatments include surgery, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. Wilms tumour, a childhood malignancy of the kidney, warrants specialist paediatric oncology management to provide expertise in its unique pathology, staging, and treatment, often with surgery and chemotherapy. Cancer of the bladder and ureters, another tobacco related cancer, may present as either superficial or invasive disease. The former is managed by transurethral resection and intravesical therapy. The latter may require radical surgery, preoperative chemotherapy, or radiotherapy. Prostate cancer, the commonest male cancer, is an androgen dependent malignancy. It has attracted controversy with regards to PSA screening, and potential over treatment with radical prostatectomy. Division into low, intermediate, and high risk disease according to tumour grade, stage, and PSA helps in deciding best treatment, antiandrogen therapy for metastatic disease, radiotherapy and adjuvant hormone therapy for locally advanced disease, either surgery or radiotherapy for early intermediate risk disease, and active monitoring for low risk cases. Testicular cancer divides according to pathology into seminoma, nonseminomatous germ cell tumours (NSGCT), and mixed tumours, the latter two frequently producing tumour markers, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and/or human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). Stage I disease is managed by inguinal orchidectomy and surveillance or adjuvant chemotherapy. More advanced disease is managed by chemotherapy, with high probability of cure in the majority. Penile cancer, often HPV related, can be excised when it presents early, but delay in presentation may lead to regional and systemic spread with poor prognosis.
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Pecorelli, Sergi. 23rd FIGO Annual Report on the Results of Treatment in Gynaecological Cancer. Informa Healthcare, 1998.
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Onishi, Hideki, and Mayumi Ishida. Psycho-oncology and psychosocial aspects of gynaecological cancer. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198749547.003.0010.
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Patients with gynaecological cancer encounter, everyday, various problems in their family lives, jobs, and finances, in addition to the direct effects of the cancer itself. They also face problems concerning a loss of femininity, such as those related to the menopause, their reproductive function, and sexual activity that is brought about by the effects of the disease and its management. Hence, problems are not only limited to the biological aspect of cancer, but also to its impact on psychosocial aspects, thereby increasing the level of stress in these patients. Hence, when considering the problems of patients with gynaecological cancer, its psychosocial impact, and its effect on day-to-day living should be addressed in addition to the physical aspect of the disease. Otherwise, treatment will be inadequate. Chapter 10 addresses this. Recognition of the importance of solving these psychosocial problems, which can be distressing to many patients with gynaecological cancer, and the early identification along with appropriate intervention for these problems, would aid in improving the quality-of-life of these sufferers. Furthermore, the biopsychosocial impact of the cancer extends to close family members who care for the patient, particularly the spouse/ partner, and thus increases their risk of psychosomatic disease besides malignancy. Cancer support services should include the family care-givers. Two vignettes illustrate the complex biopsychosocial issues associated with gynaecological cancer, and one depicts issues after bereavement.
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Ohkawa, Reiko. Psycho-oncology: the sexuality of women and cancer. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198749547.003.0011.
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Female patients undergoing treatment for cancer often experience significant changes in their sexuality due to the disease and its treatment. Sexuality relates to the sexual habits and desires of each individual. It varies according to age-related sexual needs. Many women with cancer consider their sexuality an important aspect of their lives. Yet, they may refrain from sex or enjoy it less following treatment, whether it be surgical or by irradiation, and accompanied by adjunctive chemotherapy or hormonal therapy. Chapter 11 discusses these issues, with a vignette illustrating the impact of an unexpected diagnosis of cancer. Multiple studies have examined sexual dysfunction following treatment of gynaecological cancers, including breast cancer, and several proposed solutions are available. However, the information has not been implemented by many health providers, and patients often experience anxiety and embarrassment when planning to discuss sexuality. The patients may be concerned that their sexual habits might interfere with the treatment outcome, and cause a recurrence of cancer. Reproductive dysfunction is only one of the manifold problems in the female undergoing cancer therapy. It can lead to infertility but certain treatment methods could help retain fertility. Ethical concerns pertaining to the preservation, and use of germ cells, need to be addressed. Ideally, a team of healthcare providers should handle sexual rehabilitation of the cancer survivor based on the patient's history. Unfamiliarity with such matters makes many medical professionals hesitant in discussing their patients' sexuality. The PLISSIT model can help initiate the assessment of sexual dysfunction in these patients.
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Mundy, Anthony R., and Daniela E. Andrich. Lower urinary tract reconstruction. Edited by Anthony R. Mundy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0049.
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In clinical practice, most reconstructive urological procedures performed are for urethral strictures and otherwise on the lower urinary tract. Bladder augmentation and substitution are widely used by urologists and increasingly so in other subspecialties across the spectrum of urology for what used to be reconstructive problems, but new problems have developed to challenge reconstructive urologists, requiring a different approach but based on the same general principles. Thus, as augmentation and substitution cystoplasty become increasingly part of ‘general urology’, so reconstructive urologists are adapting these principles to deal with the complications of the treatment of prostate cancer, gynaecological cancer and rectal cancer.
Book chapters on the topic "Gynaecological Cancer Treatment"
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Hughes, Cathy. "Gynaecological oncology." In Oxford Handbook of Women's Health Nursing, 321–56. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198842248.003.0011.
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This chapter concerns cancers that affect the female reproductive organs, including the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, vagina, and vulva. For each type of cancer the chapter covers the epidemiology, incidence, associated risk factors, presenting complaints, methods of diagnosis, grades and staging, and treatment. Where possible, monitoring procedures for prevention are explained. The chapter also includes an overview of radiotherapy, including dose and duration and treatment planning. Indications for chemotherapy for specific cancers are also covered.
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Pötter, Richard, Shujuan Liu, Bolin Liu, Sebastien Gouy, Sigurd Lax, Eric Leblanc, Philippe Morice, et al. "Gynaecological cancers." In Oxford Textbook of Oncology, 576–601. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656103.003.0044.
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This chapter covers gynaecological cancers and includes information on cervical, endometrial, ovarian, and vaginal and vulval cancers. It also covers epidemiology, molecular biology and pathology. Surgical management focuses on risk adapted diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and includes laparoscopic lymph node and tumour surgery. The role of primary, adjuvant or neoadjuvant radiotherapy is described consisting of external beam therapy or (image guided) brachytherapy or combined treatment, also as concomitant radiochemotherapy. Medical management is outlined comprising cytotoxic chemotherapy, hormonal therapy and targeted drugs with their different role in neoadjuvant, adjuvant and primary treatment. Multidisciplinary management is described for complex cases of cervix, endometrium and ovarian cancer.
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Zepiridis, Leonidas, Εvangelia Mareti, and Theodoros Theodoridis. "Does IVF Increase Risk for Gynaecological Cancer?" In Handbook of Research on Oncological and Endoscopical Dilemmas in Modern Gynecological Clinical Practice, 83–95. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4213-2.ch006.
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Whether fertility treatments and in particular IVF are related to carcinogenesis in women is a rather interesting issue, which is of interest in more than one specialty. The female malignancies we refer to are mainly those of the breast, endometrium, and ovary, with breast cancer being the most common malignancy in the female population affecting 1 in 8 women worldwide; ovarian cancer is the 6th in frequency, and endometrial cancer, which is the most common gynecological cancer after breast cancer, has an incidence of 8% of all. The chapter aims to present current evidence regarding correlation between IVF treatment and risk of various gynaecological cancers.
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Fyles, Anthony, Anuja Jhingran, David Gaffney, Dustin Boothe, Marco Carlone, and Tim Craig. "Radiation therapy in the management of gynaecological cancer." In Oxford Textbook of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, edited by Sabaratnam Arulkumaran, William Ledger, Lynette Denny, and Stergios Doumouchtsis, 832–43. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198766360.003.0068.
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Therapeutic applications for radiation therapy followed quickly from the discovery of X-rays by Roentgen in 1895. The first radiation treatment is credited to Grubbe, who reported the external beam treatment of breast cancer in 1896. Application to gynaecological cancers was almost immediate. However, the limited penetrating ability of the low-energy radiation of early X-ray tubes and isotopes was a major limitation. Consequently, brachytherapy and near-contact external beam therapy were preferred for gynaecological cancer until the advent of cobalt-60—the first source of a penetrating beam of megavoltage photons with a high dose rate, long half-life, and reasonable cost. This led to cobalt-60 machines becoming the most widely utilized treatment machine from the 1950s to 1970s. Radar research during World War II dramatically improved microwave technology. Linear accelerator-based machines (linacs) applied these advances to use microwaves to accelerate electrons onto a tungsten target and emit a fraction of their kinetic energy as mega-electron volt energy X-rays. The emitted X-rays are collimated into a beam and directed towards the patient. Advantages of linacs over cobalt-60 include higher dose rates, sharper beam edges, higher energies, and simplified radiation protection. This chapter describes the basic principles of radiotherapy and the role of radiotherapy in the management of gynaecological cancers, including cervix cancer, uterine cancer, and rarer tumours such as those arising from vaginal, vulvar, and ovarian cancers.
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"Sexual health and cancer." In Oxford Handbook of Cancer Nursing, edited by Mike Tadman and Dave Roberts, 629–34. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569244.003.0052.
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Introduction 630 Assessment and communication about sexual health 632 Cancer is associated with a number of sexual problems. Some of these are a direct physical result of the cancer or its treatment (see Table 52.1): • Disfigurement or loss of sexual organs through surgery (e.g. breasts, testes, gynaecological surgery)....
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Pantazis, Konstantinos, Ioannis Andronikidis, Lazaros Nikiforidis, Anne Floquet, and Konstantinos Dinas. "Surgery, Chemotherapy, and Radiotherapy for Gynaecological Cancer." In Handbook of Research on Oncological and Endoscopical Dilemmas in Modern Gynecological Clinical Practice, 356–64. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4213-2.ch024.
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Gynaecological oncology treatment yields no fewer complications and side effects than those met in any other oncology field. Patients and clinicians are highly alerted by the ominous diagnosis and sometimes seek for high risk, experimental, or even unproven therapies and are consequently prepared to accept high complication rates that would otherwise be unacceptable. Still, risk reduction remains a high priority. This is achieved by appropriate risk assessment, risk-to-benefit ratio balancing, treatment individualisation, close follow up through all treatment stages, and prompt patient informing and participation in decision making. The chapter aims to summarize the main complications of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy as well as the main ways to overcome them.
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Náležinská, Monika, and Josef Chovanec. "Palliative Care in Gynaecological Oncology." In Suggestions for Addressing Clinical and Non-Clinical Issues in Palliative Care. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96868.
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Palliative care in gynaecologic oncology focuses on specific and severe symptoms resulting from affected abdominal and pelvic organs and feminine genitals. These symptoms are mainly connected to advanced gynaecologic malignancies. Patients with locally advanced or recurrent gynaecologic cancers may present with various symptoms. Among those we discuss vaginal bleeding, vaginal discharge and fistulas. Vice versa non-malignant diseases and non-pelvic site diseases such as inflammations, overdose of anticoagulants, wounds or pressure ulcers may have similar clinical manifestation. Some symptoms may result from aggressive cancer treatment (oncological surgery, radiotherapy) with curative intent. Some symptoms get worse on account of the postmenopausal status (natural or artificial following any type of ovarian failure). For advanced gynae-oncological diseases it has been in practise, that the best palliative care is offered and practised simultaneously with curative treatment. The problematics of gynaecologic symptoms in palliative care represents delicate and intimate sphere and it may disturb patient’s autonomy and dignity. The mission of physicians, nurses and caregivers is to consider treatment options thoroughly in context of patient’s quality of life, prognosis and life conditions to fulfil the ideals of the best symptomatic and supportive care.
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Ledermann, Jonathan A., and Christina Fotopoulou. "Ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancer." In Oxford Textbook of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, edited by Sabaratnam Arulkumaran, William Ledger, Lynette Denny, and Stergios Doumouchtsis, 787–96. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198766360.003.0064.
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Approximately 90% of malignant cancers of the ovary are epithelial tumours; the remainder are stromal or germ cell tumours. Epithelial ovarian cancer is the commonest cause of death from gynaecological cancer in the developed world. There are approximately 240,000 new cases each year. The approximate lifetime risk of developing the disease is 1.7%, but higher risks are seen in some regions, and in particular in women with a BRCA gene mutation who have about a 60% chance of developing ovarian cancer. The median age of onset is 60 years, but it is earlier in women with an inherited predisposition to the disease. The 5-year survival in many countries has improved over the last 30 years, probably due to a combination of better surgery and more effective systemic treatments. Nevertheless, the majority of women present with advanced disease and ultimately die of disease due to the development of resistance to systemic therapies. The majority of malignant tumours arising from the ovary, fallopian tube, or peritoneum are high-grade serous-type; other histotypes (endometrioid, clear cell, and mucinous) are rarer and have a different biological behaviour. This chapter describes the epidemiology, histological classification, diagnosis and staging, treatment at primary presentation, follow-up, treatment at relapse, palliation and symptom control of ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancers.
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Baldwin, Andrew, Nina Hjelde, Charlotte Goumalatsou, and Gil Myers. "Gynaecology." In Oxford Handbook of Clinical Specialties, 240–311. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198719021.003.0003.
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This chapter explores gynaecology. It includes history and examination, sexual health and dysfunction, gynaecological anatomy, genital abnormalities, female genital mutilation, normal menstruation, defining menstrual abnormalities, amenorrhoea, polycystic ovaries, menorrhagia, premenstrual syndrome, the menopause and hormone replacement therapy (HRT), termination of pregnancy, miscarriage, recurrent miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, pregnancy of unknown location, gestational trophoblastic disease, the vulva, vulval lumps and ulcers, the cervix and cervical screening, management of CIN, cervical cancer, the uterus, vaginal cancer, fibroids in pregnancy, endometrial cancer, endometrial sampling, benign ovarian cysts, ovarian cancer, vaginal discharge, pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis, prolapse, subfertility (causes, tests, treatment), male subfertility, contraception, the ideal contraceptive, intrauterine contraceptive device and system, emergency contraception, combined hormonal contraceptives, progestogen-only contraceptives, sterilization, urinary incontinence, gynaecological surgery, pelvic pain, dyspareunia, and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.
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Lheureux, Stephanie, and Amit M. Oza. "Chemotherapy and biological, targeted, and immune therapies in gynaecological cancers." In Oxford Textbook of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, edited by Sabaratnam Arulkumaran, William Ledger, Lynette Denny, and Stergios Doumouchtsis, 817–31. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198766360.003.0067.
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Current treatment paradigms are based on understanding cancer biology and its influence on the aetiology, development, and growth of cancer. This has also shaped therapeutic strategy with evidence-based integration of surgery, radiation, and systemic therapies in solid tumour and haematological malignancies. There is a complex interplay between genomic, immune, and proteomic disturbances in the development and behaviour of cancer. Cancer is the culmination of a variety of insults to the genome—some heritable in nature and therefore transmittable between generations; while others are non-heritable or somatic, and as such are found only in tumour tissue. The coordinated evasion of highly sensitive immune surveillance, and the reprogramming of cellular signalling, protein expression/production, and resetting of the local tumour microenvironment have all been shown to contribute to the development and evolution of disease. Understanding these elementary biological processes—and vulnerabilities when these go awry—can be exploited to improve precision with systemic therapies and are the identified hallmarks or roadmap for contemporary anticancer drug development. Gynaecological cancers affect any organs of the reproductive tract and may arise in the peritoneum, ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, vagina, and vulva. Cancers of the cervix, endometrium, and ovary have a major global impact in terms of incidence and mortality. This chapter focuses on current approaches to precision medicine in gynaecological cancers, with an overview of recent trials which have led to approvals for targeted agents, as well as ones presently underway. It also includes a matrix approach integrating tumour biology, targets, and target-specific therapy.
Conference papers on the topic "Gynaecological Cancer Treatment"
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O’Donoghue, N., B. O’Connor, C. Thompson, and N. Gleeson. "421 Prevalence of cachexia in treatment-naïve patients with gynaecological cancer: a systematic review." In IGCS 2020 Annual Meeting Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-2020-igcs.366.
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Sharma, Manoj, and Alpana Sharma. "Truth of evidence collection, follow up and patient retrieval systems for gynaecological cancer patients: An Indian survey." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685351.
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Introduction: The Evidence Based Medicine in oncological sciences is founded on many factors. Pathetic state of patient retrieval system and follow up are some of the inherent problems faced in developing countries. The absence of follow up seems to affect the patient survival, intervention in case of predictive recurrence, and it also fails to fortifies authenticity of research and survival data. Paper outlines histrionics, evolved/recommended methodologies, nationwide survey with regards to authenticity of Evidence Based Practices in Oncological research. It opens the facts sheet of awareness, practice of follow-up and obstacles faced in India institutions. Relevant for obstetricians adopting Gynec Oncology. Aims and Objective: (1) To Evaluate the Evidence based practice of Gynec Oncology, (2) To evaluate the effectiveness of follow up methodologies, (3) Compliance of institutions and oncologist with regards to follow-up of Gynec cancer patients. Materials and Methods: The follow up methodology propagated; 1–6 address system (IARC 3 Address System), 2-Postcarding, 3-SMS/Telephony, 4-Door to door patient retrieval, 5-Family Physician referrals/feedback, 6-Software Alert on follow up defaulters in the Hospital Based Cancer Registry. etc. A stock taking was started 10 years back with repeated circulars on dates of “The National Cancer Calendar” (one date every months) that were sent to some 10,000 E-mail address of personnel/institutions connected with oncological sciences. Over five years 150 postgraduate examinees and 50 faculty in various institutions were interviewed on their 1 - Practicing Evidence Based Gynec Oncology and 2 - Understanding of Follow up/patient retrieval system practices in Gynec cancers. As an inspector of a major medical accreditation institution 50 institutions were inspected and existence of their follow up methodologies were evaluated. 100 post graduate dissertations reviewed, were studied with regards to status of follow up in the study carried out or the existence of follow-up system in the institution. Undergraduate students and their text books were searched if they are educated about follow up and necessity of patient retrieval system and its significance in Medical sciences. Faculty/Specialist of Obs and Gyn departments were interviewed for the same. Observations and Results: Response to circulars on follow up in cancer patients was cold shouldered, 95 percent of examinee PG students did not know how to follow up the cancer patients, out which as many as 90 percent of their institutions did not have any follow up system in order. 99 percent of dissertation did not show any effort from the side of candidate for patient retrieval system in order to fortify the research data. Only 20 percent institutions had infrastructure and significant effort (including door to door retrieval) on following up the patients that are treated there. Non of the undergraduate text books had guidelines or teaching in follow up so were total blankness of concept of follow up with undergraduate students. The awareness of Evidence based practice of Gynec oncology in most of the faculty of Obs and Gyne Departments was abysmal and “Not Necessary or Not possible” issue. Conclusion: Death and prolongation of survival both in curable and not so curable gynec cancers is directly related to Patient retrieval through follow up that generates evidence on Indian patients. In order to improve the survival and timely therapeutic intervention, follow up has to be strengthen at under graduate and post graduate medical teaching. This also applies for the authenticity of oncological research data that is produced in large numbers in developing countries. This is especially significant in the large poor socio economic gynec cancer patient population with poor literacy levels and far off homes from cancer treatment centres.
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Pitcher, S., N. Fakie, T. Adams, L. van Wijk, R. Saidu, L. Denny, and J. Moodley. "387 Women’s sexuality post gynaecological cancer treatment at groote schuur hospital: a qualitative, descriptive study using a comprehensive framework." In IGCS Annual 2019 Meeting Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-2019-igcs.387.
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Muls, A., J. Andreyev, S. Lalondrelle, A. Taylor, C. Norton, and A. Hart. "PWE-024 Systematic review: the impact of cancer treatment on the gut and vaginal microbiome in women with a gynaecological malignancy." In British Society of Gastroenterology, Annual General Meeting, 19–22 June 2017, Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314472.269.
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Lindemann, K., H. Liland, B. Kloppen, M. Sylten Engh, M. Turzer, and T. Paulsen. "When to stop futile treatment towards end of life in gynaecological cancer patients: a population-based study in oslo county, norway." In ESGO Annual Meeting Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-2019-esgo.20.
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Tranoulis, Anastasios, Felicia Elena Buruiana, Fong Lien Audrey Kwong, Janos Balega, and Kavita Singh. "2022-RA-1255-ESGO Clinicopatological features and treatment outcomes of ovarian clear cell carcinoma: the pan-birmingham gynaecological cancer centre experience." In ESGO 2022 Congress. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-2022-esgo.669.
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Jennings, Bronwyn, and Naven Chetty. "EP397/#844 Survivorship needs of women following treatment for gynaecological cancer – learning from the patient experience to develop future models of care." In IGCS 2022 Annual Meeting Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-2022-igcs.486.
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O’Gorman, C., and N. Gleeson. "66 Bone health in gynaecological oncology: a survey of tertiary care clinicians’ attitudes and practices in the prevention and management of cancer treatment-induced bone loss." In IGCS 2020 Annual Meeting Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-2020-igcs.62.
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Gupta, Vivek, Amita Mishra, Namit Kalra, and Bhawna Narula. "A rare case report of incidental solitary uterine metastasis in primary invasive lobular carcinoma of breast." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685401.
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Introduction: Infiltrating Lobular carcinoma (ILC) of the breast is second most common cancer of breast next only to Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC). It has a different metastatic pattern as compared to the IDC. Breast cancer is the most frequent primary site which spreads to gynaecologic organs. Case Presentation: A 40 yrs old Iraqi lady presented as a diagnosed case of lobular carcinoma of left breast. She had already undergone a lumpectomy at Iraq a month back and now had come for completion of treatment. On metastatic workup with PETCT scan, we found a multicentric residual disease in the left breast along with some ipsilateral axillary LN with significant uptake. The concurrent CECT done showed a uterine leiomyomam also. As she was strongly hormone receptor positive, had completed her family and was having mennorhagia probably attributable to uterine fibroids. She was offered hysterectomy with B/L salpingo-oophorectomy. She was keen for breast preservation but in view of her multicentricity of disease on the left breast she was counselled for mastectomy with upfront whole breast reconstruction with TRAM flap. She underwent left modified radical mastectomy with hysterectomy with BSO and TRAM flap reconstruction. The histopathological examination revealed a multicentric, multifocal ILC, grade II with heavy nodal involvement including extracapsular extension. The leiomyoma of uterus also showed tumor deposits from lobular carcinoma breast. Conclusion: We report a very rare case of metastatic pattern of carcinoma of breast. On literature review we found that it is common for the lobular carcinomas of breast to metastasise to gynaecologic organs. Uterine corpus is a very rare site of metastasis for extragenital cancers including breast. All the patients of primary lobular carcinoma of breast should be screened for gynaecologic secondaries in the preoperative workup with high degree of suspicion.
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Bhardwaj, Punita, T. K. Das, and S. Batra. "Laparoscopic radical hysterectomy: Results, recovery, recurrence – Our experience." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685396.
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Gynaecology Oncology is a beneficiary of Minimally Invasive Approach. We present our experience. The laparoscopic approach is associated with less surgical morbidity, per operative bleeding and shorter hospital stay though the duration of operation might be longer. It has a longer learning curve. Laparoscopic radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy is a safe surgical option for treatment of Gynaecological cancers taking into account amount of bleeding, complications recovery and recurrence.
Reports on the topic "Gynaecological Cancer Treatment"
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Charatsi, Dimitra, Polyxeni Vanakara, Michail Nikolaou, Aikaterini Evaggelopoulou, Dimitrios Korfias, Foteini Simopoulou, Nikolaos Charalampakis, et al. Vaginal Dilator Use to Promote Sexual Wellbeing After Radiotherapy in Gynaecological Cancer Survivors: A Prospective Observational Study. Science Repository, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.ijcst.2021.03.01.sup.
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Background: Since continuing advances in radiotherapy technology broaden the role of radiotherapy in the treatment of gynaecologic malignancies, the use of vaginal dilators has been introduced in order to mitigate the risk of vaginal stenosis. The main aims of this study were to investigate the vaginal dilator use efficacy in the treatment of radiation-induced vaginal stenosis and the vaginal dilator effect on sexual quality of life. Methods: We studied fifty-three patients with endometrial or cervical cancer. The participants were treated with radical or adjuvant external beam radiotherapy and/or brachytherapy. They were routinely examined at four time points post-radiotherapy when also they were asked to fill in a validated sexual function-vaginal changes questionnaire. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The vaginal stenosis grading score was decreased and the size of the vaginal dilator comfortably insertable was gradually increased throughout the year of vaginal dilator use while radiation-induced vaginal and sexual symptoms were improved throughout the year of VD use. All patients with initial grade 3 showed vaginal stenosis of grade 2 after 12 months of vaginal dilator use and 65.8% of the patients with grade 2 initial vaginal stenosis demonstrated final vaginal stenosis grade 1 while 77.8% of the participants with initial 1st size of vaginal dilators reached the 3rd vaginal dilator size after 12 months. Starting time of dilator therapy <= 3 months after the end of radiotherapy was associated with a significant decrease in vaginal stenosis. Additionally, there was an overall upward trend regarding patients’ satisfaction with their sexual life. Conclusion: Endometrial and cervical cancer survivors should be encouraged to use vaginal dilators for the treatment of vaginal stenosis and sexual rehabilitation after radiotherapy.