Journal articles: 'Gymnorhina tibicen'

1

Finn, P. G., and J. M. Hughes. "Helping behaviour in Australian Magpies, Gymnorhina tibicen." Emu - Austral Ornithology 101, no. 1 (March 2001): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu00066.

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Hoffman, A. M., P. E. Robakiewicz, E. M. Tuttle, and L. J. Rogers. "Behavioural lateralisation in the Australian magpie (Gymnorhina tibicen)." Laterality: Asymmetries of Body, Brain and Cognition 11, no. 2 (March 2006): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13576500500376674.

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Crampton, Joel, Celine Frère, and Dominique Potvin. "Australian Magpies Gymnorhina tibicen cooperate to remove tracking devices." Australian Field Ornithology 39 (2022): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20938/afo39007011.

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Recent advances in tracking technology have enabled devices such as Global Positioning Systems (GPS) loggers to be used on a wide variety of birds. Although there are established ethical considerations to these processes, different species may react differently to particular devices and attachments. Thus, pilot studies are still of utmost importance in this field. Here, we describe one such study trialling a novel harness design for GPS tracking devices on Australian Magpies Gymnorhina tibicen. Despite previous testing demonstrating the strength and durability of the harness, devices were removed within minutes to hours of initial fitting. Notably, removal was observed to involve one bird snapping another bird’s harness at the only weak point, such that the tracker was released. This behaviour demonstrates both cooperation and a moderate level of problem solving, providing potential further evidence of the cognitive abilities of this species. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the conspecific removal of GPS trackers, and should be considered when planning future tracking studies especially on highly social species.

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Brown, Eleanor D., and Susan M. Farabaugh. "Macrogeographic Variation in Alarm Calls of the Australian Magpie Gymnorhina tibicen." Bird Behavior 9, no. 1 (December 1, 1990): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/015613890791749055.

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Black, Andrew. "The Taxonomic Affinity of the New Guinean Magpie Gymnorhina Tibicen Papuana." Emu - Austral Ornithology 86, no. 2 (June 1986): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu9860065.

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BAKER, ANDREW M., PETER B. MATHER, and JANE M. HUGHES. "Evidence for long-distance dispersal in a sedentary passerine, Gymnorhina tibicen (Artamidae)." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 72, no. 2 (February 2001): 333–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2001.tb01319.x.

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7

Hughes, J. M., J. D. E. Hesp, R. Kallioinen, M. Kempster, C. L. Lange, K. E. Hedstrom, P. B. Mather, A. Robinson, and M. J. Wellbourn. "Differences in Social Behaviour Between Populations of the Australian Magpie Gymnorhina tibicen." Emu - Austral Ornithology 96, no. 1 (March 1996): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu9960065.

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Wood, Peter, and Harry F. Recher. "Long-term persistence of the Australian Magpie,Gymnorhina tibicen, in Kings Park, Perth." Emu - Austral Ornithology 104, no. 3 (September 2004): 251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu02046.

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Sarker, Subir, Steven Batinovic, Saranika Talukder, Shubhagata Das, Fiona Park, Steve Petrovski, Jade K. Forwood, Karla J. Helbig, and Shane R. Raidal. "Molecular characterisation of a novel pathogenic avipoxvirus from the Australian magpie (Gymnorhina tibicen)." Virology 540 (January 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2019.11.005.

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10

Deng, Chao, Gisela Kaplan, and Lesley J. Rogers. "Similarity of the song nuclei of male and female Australian magpies (Gymnorhina tibicen)." Behavioural Brain Research 123, no. 1 (August 2001): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-4328(01)00200-5.

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11

VELTMAN, CLARE J. "Flock, pair and group living lifestyles without cooperative breeding by Australian Magpies Gymnorhina tibicen." Ibis 131, no. 4 (April 3, 2008): 601–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1989.tb04795.x.

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VELTMAN, CLARE J., and ROBERT E. HICKSON. "Predation by Australian magpies (Gymnorhina tibicen) on pasture invertebrates: Are non-territorial birds less successful?" Austral Ecology 14, no. 3 (September 1989): 319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.1989.tb01440.x.

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Brown, Eleanor D., and Clare J. Veltman. "Ethogram of the Australian Magpie (Gymnorhina tibicen) in Comparison to Other Cracticidae and Corvus Species." Ethology 76, no. 4 (April 26, 2010): 309–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1987.tb00692.x.

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Farabaugh, Susan M., Eleanor D. Brown, and Jane M. Hughes. "Cooperative Territorial Defense in the Australian Magpie, Gymnorhina tibicen (Passeriformes, Cracticidae), a Group-living Songbird." Ethology 92, no. 4 (April 26, 2010): 283–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1992.tb00966.x.

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15

Hughes, Jane M., Corinna L. Lange, Peter B. Mather, and Ann Robinson. "A comparison of fitness components among different plumage morphs of the Australian Magpie, Gymnorhina tibicen." Emu - Austral Ornithology 102, no. 4 (December 2002): 331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu01058.

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Durrant, Kate L., and Jane M. Hughes. "Differing rates of extra-group paternity between two populations of the Australian magpie (Gymnorhina tibicen)." Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 57, no. 6 (January 13, 2005): 536–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-004-0883-5.

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17

Kaplan, Gisela, Gayle Johnson, Adam Koboroff, and Lesley J. Rogers. "Alarm Calls of the Australian Magpie (Gymnorhina tibicen): Predators Elicit Complex Vocal Responses and Mobbing Behaviour." Open Ornithology Journal 2, no. 1 (April 28, 2009): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874453200902010007.

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18

Sarker, Subir, Timothy R. Bowden, and David B. Boyle. "Genomic characterisation of a novel avipoxvirus, magpiepox virus 2, from an Australian magpie (Gymnorhina tibicen terraereginae)." Virology 562 (October 2021): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2021.07.010.

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19

Gibbs, Heather. "Climatic variation and breeding in the Australian Magpie (Gymnorhina tibicen): a case study using existing data." Emu - Austral Ornithology 107, no. 4 (December 2007): 284–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu07022.

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20

Koboroff, Adam, Gisela Kaplan, and Lesley J. Rogers. "Hemispheric specialization in Australian magpies (Gymnorhina tibicen) shown as eye preferences during response to a predator." Brain Research Bulletin 76, no. 3 (June 2008): 304–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.02.015.

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21

Brown, Eleanor D., Susan M. Farabaugh, and Jane M. Hughes. "A test of centre-edge hypotheses in a permanently territorial songbird, the Australian magpie, Gymnorhina tibicen." Animal Behaviour 45, no. 4 (April 1993): 814–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1993.1095.

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22

Warne, Rowena M., and Darryl N. Jones. "Evidence of target specificity in attacks by Australian magpies on humans." Wildlife Research 30, no. 3 (2003): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr01108.

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Although attacks on humans by Australian magpies (Gymnorhina tibicen) are a source of significant wildlife–human conflict in urban areas of Australia, little is known about the patterns of attack by these birds. Such information is essential for the development of sound management plans for this species. We examined the attack behaviour of 48 aggressive magpies from Brisbane during September–October 1999, paying particular attention to the types of intruders targeted. All attacking birds were male. A clear majority (71%) of birds attacked only one intruder type, with about half attacking pedestrians only; similar proportions targeted cyclists (8%) only and mail deliverers (10%) only. While all intruding cyclists and mail deliverers were attacked, magpies did not attack all pedestrian intruders, suggesting possible discrimination within this category. Management implications for these intruder types are discussed.

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23

Morgan, D., J. R. Waas, and J. Innes. "The relative importance of Australian magpies(Gymnorhina tibicen)as nest predators of rural birds in New Zealand." New Zealand Journal of Zoology 33, no. 1 (January 2006): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03014223.2006.9518427.

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24

O'LEARY, REBECCA, and DARRYL N. JONES. "The use of supplementary foods by Australian magpies Gymnorhina tibicen: Implications for wildlife feeding in suburban environments." Austral Ecology 31, no. 2 (April 2006): 208–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2006.01583.x.

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25

Hughes, J. M., P. B. Mather, A. Toon, J. Ma, I. Rowley, and E. Russell. "High levels of extra‐group paternity in a population of Australian magpies Gymnorhina tibicen : evidence from microsatellite analysis." Molecular Ecology 12, no. 12 (November 17, 2003): 3441–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.2003.01997.x.

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26

Toon, Alicia, Alex Drew, Ian J. Mason, Jane M. Hughes, and Leo Joseph. "Relationships of the New Guinean subspecies, Gymnorhina tibicen papuana, of the Australian Magpie: an assessment from DNA sequence data." Emu - Austral Ornithology 117, no. 4 (June 14, 2017): 305–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2017.1324249.

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27

MORGAN, DAI, JOSEPH R. WAAS, and JOHN INNES. "Do territorial and non-breeding Australian Magpies Gymnorhina tibicen influence the local movements of rural birds in New Zealand?" Ibis 148, no. 2 (April 13, 2006): 330–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.2006.00545.x.

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28

Jones, Darryl N., and Thomas Nealson. "Management of aggressive Australian magpies by translocation." Wildlife Research 30, no. 2 (2003): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr01102.

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Attacks on humans by Australian magpies (Gymnorhina tibicen) cause a significant human–wildlife conflict in suburban environments throughout Australia. Community opposition to lethal control methods generally has, in part, led to an increase in the use of translocation as an alternative. We assessed the effectiveness and implications of using this approach in the management of aggressive magpie in south-eastern Queensland during 1999 and 2000. A total of 968 (1999) and 707 (2000) magpies were reported by the public, of which 39–45% were able to be investigated by a two-person team working three days per week. A total of 141 magpies were translocated, 31.7% of all birds investigated. Of these, only five (3.5%) returned to the place of capture, and 22 (15.6%) were resighted elsewhere; there was no evidence of 'homing'. Only three translocated birds were subsequently reported as being aggressive towards humans. While extremely effective in reducing the conflict locally, we caution against the indiscriminate use of this method, and suggest that it be seen as one of many options available to wildlife managers.

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DURRANT, KATE L., and JANE M. HUGHES. "Are there correlates of male Australian Magpie Gymnorhina tibicen reproductive success in a population with high rates of extra-group paternity?" Ibis 148, no. 2 (April 13, 2006): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.2006.00539.x.

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30

Brown, Eleanor D., Susan M. Farabaugh, and Clare J. Veltman. "Song Sharing in a Group-Living Songbird, the Australian Magpie, Gymnorhina Tibicen. Part I. Vocal Sharing Within and Among Social Groups." Behaviour 104, no. 1-2 (1988): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853988x00575.

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31

Kaplan, Gisela. "Development of Meaningful Vocal Signals in a Juvenile Territorial Songbird (Gymnorhina tibicen) and the Dilemma of Vocal Taboos Concerning Neighbours and Strangers." Animals 8, no. 12 (November 30, 2018): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani8120228.

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Young territorial songbirds have calls to learn, especially calls that may be vital for maintaining territory. Territoriality is largely reinforced and communicated by vocal signals. In their natal territory, juvenile magpies (Gymnorhina tibicen) enjoy protection from predators for 8–9 months. It is not at all clear, however, when and how a young territorial songbird learns to distinguish the meaning of calls and songs expressed by parents, conspecifics, neighbours, and heterospecifics, or how territorial calls are incorporated into the juvenile’s own repertoire. This project investigated acquisition and expression of the vocal repertoire in juvenile magpies and assessed the responses of adults and juveniles to playbacks of neighbour and stranger calls inside their territory. The results reported here identify age of appearance of specific vocalisations and the limits of their expression in juveniles. One new and surprising result was that many types of adult vocalisation were not voiced by juveniles. Playbacks of calls of neighbours and strangers inside the natal territory further established that adults responded strongly but differentially to neighbours versus strangers. By contrast, juveniles needed months before paying any attention to and distinguishing between neighbour and stranger calls and eventually did so only in non-vocal ways (such as referral to adults). These results provide evidence that auditory perception not only includes recognition and memory of neighbour calls but also an assessment of the importance of such calls in the context of territoriality.

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32

Toon, A., and J. M. Hughes. "Are lice good proxies for host history? A comparative analysis of the Australian magpie, Gymnorhina tibicen, and two species of feather louse." Heredity 101, no. 2 (May 7, 2008): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/hdy.2008.37.

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Schmidt, L. G., S. D. Bradshaw, and B. K. Follett. "Plasma levels of luteinizing hormone and androgens in relation to age and breeding status among cooperatively breeding Australian magpies (Gymnorhina tibicen latham)." General and Comparative Endocrinology 83, no. 1 (July 1991): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-6480(91)90104-e.

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34

Wilkinson, Kevin, and Grant Palmer. "Ambient light energy intensity as a trigger for the dawn chorus: Patterns in five common eastern Australian bird species." Australian Field Ornithology 39 (2022): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.20938/afo39082088.

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The timing of the morning twilight commencement of bird song has been linked to mating, stores of food energy or territorial declarations, and is known to follow a structured, spaced order to avoid signal interference. The timing of vocalisations has been widely studied and varies with ambient and broader environmental variables, including moonlight and cloud cover. In this study, the commencement of morning song for five common species (Masked Lapwing Vanellus miles, Australian King- Parrot Alisterus scapularis, Lewin’s Honeyeater Meliphaga lewinii, Eastern Yellow Robin Eopsaltria australis and Australian Magpie Gymnorhina tibicen) and the relationship with light energy intensity were investigated on the New South Wales Midnorth Coast, eastern Australia. It was determined that each species responded to a specific threshold light intensity as a trigger to commence singing. The timing of song commencement aligned with shifts in the required threshold light level, which was influenced by environmental variables such as moonlight (earlier) and cloudiness (later for some species). It is proposed that the structured routine of the first song of some birds, during nautical twilight, is a result of evolutionary variations in their eye structure, resulting in varying perceptions of the first morning light from the sky, leading to species commencing singing at different times.

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Watson, Gregory S., David W. Green, and Jolanta A. Watson. "Observations supporting parental care by a viviparous reptile: aggressive behaviour against predators demonstrated by Cunningham’s skinks." Australian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 3 (2019): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo20024.

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Most reptiles exhibit no parental care and aggressive behaviour towards heterospecific predators has rarely been recorded in the natural environment. Several species of the subfamily Egerniinae are amongst the most highly social of all squamate reptiles, exhibiting stable social aggregations and high levels of long-term social and genetic monogamy. We have examined Cunningham’s skinks, Egernia cunninghami, over a three-year period during late January and early February (total 32 days) in the alpine region of New South Wales using video and thermal imaging. Four birthing sessions were witnessed during our field studies of social aggregations of skinks. Our observations monitored skink encounters, in the presence of offspring, with an eastern brown snake, Pseudonaja textilis (two separate encounters, one recorded by video/imaging) and 12 encounters with the Australian magpie, Gymnorhina tibicen. All events were associated with aggressive chasing and/or attack by adult skinks. The first snake encounter involved the active targeting of a recently born juvenile with the mother of the juvenile attacking the snake (running towards the snake, biting and remaining attached for several seconds). The second encounter (the following year) comprised two adult skinks attacking and biting a snake, Pseudonaja textilis. All magpie encounters resulted in chases by adult skinks.

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DEGEN, EDWARD. "Ecdysis, as Morphological Evidence of the Original Tetradactyle Feathering of the Bird's Fore-limb, based especially on the Perennial Moult in Gymnorhina tibicen." Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 16, no. 7 (July 7, 2010): 347–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1902.tb00034.x.

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37

Kaplan, Gisela, and Lesley J. Rogers. "Stability of referential signalling across time and locations: testing alarm calls of Australian magpies (Gymnorhina tibicen) in urban and rural Australia and in Fiji." PeerJ 1 (July 23, 2013): e112. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.112.

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38

Kaplan, Gisela. "Pointing gesture in a bird- merely instrumental or a cognitively complex behavior?" Current Zoology 57, no. 4 (August 1, 2011): 453–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/57.4.453.

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Abstract Gestures, particularly pointing, are regarded as important pre-speech acts. Intentional and referential pointing has been shown previously in humans and apes but not in songbirds, although some avian species show cognitive abilities rivaling those of apes, and their brain structures and functions show putative preconditions for referential gestural signaling (i.e. mirror neurons, links of vocal learning nuclei to discrete brain areas active during limb and body movements). The results reported are based on trials testing predator detection and responses to a taxidermic model of a wedge-tailed eagle by Australian magpies Gymnorhina tibicen. Magpies were subjected to three conditions of finding this model in their territory (open, sheltered and hidden). In the sheltered and hidden conditions, the discoverer simultaneously engaged in alarm calls and beak pointing, a behavior that has not been described previously. Other group members at once assembled and, after watching the first bird, adopted the same posture by pointing to the location of the intruder. The question is whether beak and body movements orienting towards important stimuli or events are instances of arousal, imitation or intentional communication. The latter presupposes that onlookers interpret the signal and respond by altering their own behavior appropriate to the original stimulus and not merely by imitating the first signaler. Evidence presented here indicates that the act of pointing may well be a complex cognitive behavior, i.e., an intentional and referential signal, showing that pointing is not limited to having hands and arms.

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39

Farabaugh, Susan M., and Eleanor D. Brown. "Song Sharing in a Group-Living Songbird, the Australian Magpie, Gymnorhina Tibicen. Part Iii. Sex Specificity and Individual Specificity of Vocal Parts in Communal Chorus and Duet Songs." Behaviour 118, no. 3-4 (1991): 244–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853991x00319.

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40

Waas, Joseph, John Innes, and Dai Morgan. "Can redirected aggression explain interspecific attacks by Australian magpies on other birds?" Behaviour 144, no. 7 (2007): 767–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853907781476391.

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AbstractAttacks by participants of conflicts against a third party are referred to as redirected aggression. Usually the third party is a conspecific — few documented cases of redirected aggression against other species exist. The Australian magpie (Gymnorhina tibicen), however, often attacks other species; the reasons for attacks are largely unknown. Some attacks occur after territorial disputes with conspecifics, suggesting that attacks are the result of redirected aggression. We subjected eight Australian magpie groups to simulated territorial intrusions. In one treatment an Australian magpie and rock dove (Columba livia) were presented in cages next to one another (5 m apart) on the territory for 30 min; the Australian magpie decoy was then covered and aggressive responses toward the rock dove by residents were recorded for a further 30 min (Treatment 1). Two additional treatments were presented in an identical manner on each territory where both decoys were either Australian magpies (Treatment 2) or rock doves (Treatment 3). We predicted that if Australian magpies regularly redirect aggression onto benign species after conspecific territorial intrusions, attack rates on the rock dove decoy in Treatment 1 would be higher than attack rates on the rock dove decoy in Treatment 3. Residents were seldom recorded close (<1 m) and not seen attacking rock dove decoys during tests. In contrast, Australian magpie decoys were often approached and attacked by residents. After a decoy was covered (following the first 30 min phase), residents spent little time in close proximity (on cage, <0.3 m, or 0.3-1 m) to the rock dove decoy in either Treatment 1 or Treatment 3; in contrast, residents were often recorded close to the Australian magpie decoy in Treatment 2. We found no evidence that Australian magpies redirect aggression onto other birds after territorial intrusions. The true proportion of territorial disputes leading to redirected attacks may be small, or only occur under highly specific contexts.

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Drinkwater, E., J. Ryeland, T. Haff, and K. Umbers. "Introduction Food dunking, or dipping food in water (Morand-Ferron et al. 2004), is a behaviour that has been noted across a range of bird species (Purser 1959; Morand-Ferron et al. 2004; Dearborn & Gager 2009; Kasper 2012). Dunking can be an important food-processing behaviour because it might allow animals to include items in their diets that would be otherwise unpalatable or toxic (Kasper 2012). For example, dunking might remove unpalatable tastes (Menkhorst 2012) or help to moisten or soften food, which may aid in digestion (Jones 1979; Morand-Ferron et al. 2004). Dunking has been observed in at least 25 bird species across 16 genera (Morand-Ferron et al. 2004), and appears to be particularly widespread in groups that possess high cognitive abilities (Morand-Ferron et al. 2004), such as the Corvidae (Cnotka et al. 2008; Emery et al. 2004). The Australian Magpie Gymnorhina tibicen is a member of the Corvides (Kearns et al. 2013; previously known as the core Corvoidea: Jønsson et al. 2016), and is believed to exhibit similar high cognition (Kaplan 2008), as demonstrated by behaviours such as food storing (caching: Rollinson 2002) and tool use (McCormick 2007), but until now dunking behaviour has not been noted in this species. We observed potential dunking behaviour by two Australian Magpies within the Talbingo Caravan Park, 1.15 km from Kosciuszko National Park, New South Wales (35°35′S, 148°17′E). The caravan park comprises permanent caravans, huts, and open campgrounds backed by open non-native forest, with sparse mid-storey vegetation coverage. The observation was recorded on a Sony HDR Handycam Camcorder as part of a larger study investigating the Mountain Katydid Acripeza reticulata (Orthoptera) (Umbers et al. unpubl. data), a putatively toxic and distasteful local insect (Umbers & Mappes 2015). As part of the study, live katydids were presented to wild Magpies, which were individually identifiable by their distinct territories, markings and family structures. There were few Magpies in the vicinity, so individuals were easy to track. The katydids were collected within the nearby Kosciuszko National Park and, given the proximity to the Park (1.15 km) and range of the Mountain Katydid, it is likely that the Magpies tested in this trial had encountered Mountain Katydids before. Following the presentation of one katydid to an adult male Magpie, we observed apparent food-dunking behaviour in a puddle by both the adult and a nearby juvenile Magpie. Footage is available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9aYJwOSeeTg. Observations Adult male Australian Magpie An adult male Magpie was presented with two katydids, the second one 2 minutes after the first. When presented with the first katydid, the Magpie picked up and held the insect by the body or an appendage and carried the katydid for short distances, interspersed with repeated bouts of vigorous wiping (slow, repeated dragging of the item on the ground) or thrashing (vigorous beating of the item from side to side on the ground). After 12 minutes 28 seconds, the Magpie appeared to cache the katydid under a bush. The Magpie processed the second katydid as follows: (1) It carried the katydid to a tree midway between the presentation point and a puddle that had formed around a leaking tap attached to one of the campsite buildings; (2) It thrashed the katydid on the ground for 14 seconds before moving a short distance and thrashing it on the ground for another 10 seconds; (3) It picked up the katydid and moved near the puddle (~1.5 m away), wiping the katydid on the ground for c. 48 seconds; (4) It dunked the katydid in the water and thrashed the katydid on the bottom of the puddle for c. 7 seconds, although the katydid was never clearly submerged as the puddle was very shallow (Figure 1a); and (5) It placed the katydid on the side of the puddle, and walked away. Juvenile (fledgling) Australian Magpie While the male was dunking the katydid, a juvenile Magpie was <30 cm away. Two minutes 7 seconds after the male left the second katydid on the side of the puddle, the juvenile picked up the katydid, thrashed it in the puddle for 33 seconds (Figure 1b), and then thrashed it on the bank. A novel observation of food dunking in the Australian Magpie Gymnorhina tibicen." Australian Field Ornithology 34 (2017): 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.20938/afo34095097.

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42

"Gymnorhina tibicen." CABI Compendium CABI Compendium (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.80679.

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43

Kaplan, Gisela. "Song Structure and Function of Mimicry in the Australian Magpie (Gymnorhina tibicen): Compared to Lyrebird (Menura ssp.)." International Journal of Comparative Psychology 12, no. 4 (1999). http://dx.doi.org/10.46867/c4j30h.

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44

Mariaux, Jean, and Boyko B. Georgiev. "Seven new species of cestode parasites (Neodermata, Platyhelminthes) from Australian birds." European Journal of Taxonomy, no. 440 (May 31, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2018.440.

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Cestodes (Platyhelminthes) from Australian birds from the South Australian Museum collections were studied with a focus on common endemic terrestrial hosts. Despite the variable state of preservation of the examined worms, we could identify several new taxa, including Sobolevitaenia whittingtoni sp. nov. and Spiniglans beveridgei sp. nov. (Dilepididae) in Corvus mellori Mathews, 1912 (Corvidae); Notopentorchis musealis sp. nov. (Paruterinidae) in Hirundapus caudacutus (Latham, 1801) (Apodidae); Monopylidium australiense sp. nov. (Dilepididae) in Menura novaehollandiae Latham, 1801 (Menuridae); Dictymetra gerganae sp. nov. (Dilepididae) in Podargus strigoides (Latham, 1802) (Podargidae); Dictymetra longiuncinata sp. nov. in Esacus magnirostris (Vieillot, 1818) (Burhinidae) and Cracticotaenia adelaidae sp. nov. (Metadilepididae) in Gymnorhina tibicen (Latham, 1801) (Artamidae) and Corcorax melanorhamphos (Vieillot, 1817) (Corcoracidae). Several other presumably new taxa that cannot be fully described are also reported. This diversity found in common hosts suggests the presence of a rich, and presently almost completely unknown, fauna of cestode parasites in Australian birds. As field collection permits allowing to explore this fauna are extremely difficult to obtain, this is a demonstration of the usefulness of museum collections to describe at least part of it.

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Ashton, Benjamin J., Alex Thornton, Elizabeth M. Speechley, and Amanda R. Ridley. "Does trappability and self-selection influence cognitive performance?" Royal Society Open Science 9, no. 9 (September 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.220473.

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Recent research has highlighted how trappability and self-selection—the processes by which individuals with particular traits may be more likely to be caught or to participate in experiments—may be sources of bias in studies of animal behaviour and cognition. It is crucial to determine whether such biases exist, and if they do, what effect they have on results. In this study, we investigated if trappability (quantified through ‘ringing status’—whether or not a bird had been trapped for ringing) and self-selection are sources of bias in a series of associative learning experiments spanning 5 years in the Western Australian magpie ( Gymnorhina tibicen dorsalis ). We found no evidence of self-selection, with no biases in task participation associated with sex, age, group size or ringing status. In addition, we found that there was no effect of trappability on cognitive performance. These findings give us confidence in the results generated in the animal cognition literature and add to a growing body of literature seeking to determine potential sources of bias in studies of animal behaviour, and how they influence the generalizability and reproducibility of findings.

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Walsh, Sarah L., Sabrina Engesser, Simon W. Townsend, and Amanda R. Ridley. "Multi-level combinatoriality in magpie non-song vocalizations." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 20, no. 199 (February 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2022.0679.

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Comparative studies conducted over the past few decades have provided important insights into the capacity for animals to combine vocal segments at either one of two levels: within- or between-calls. There remains, however, a distinct gap in knowledge as to whether animal combinatoriality can extend beyond one level. Investigating this requires a comprehensive analysis of the combinatorial features characterizing a species' vocal system. Here, we used a nonlinear dimensionality reduction analysis and sequential transition analysis to quantitatively describe the non-song combinatorial repertoire of the Western Australian magpie ( Gymnorhina tibicen dorsalis ). We found that (i) magpies recombine four distinct acoustic segments to create a larger number of calls, and (ii) the resultant calls are further combined into larger call combinations. Our work demonstrates two levels in the combining of magpie vocal units. These results are incongruous with the notion that a capacity for multi-level combinatoriality is unique to human language, wherein the combining of meaningless sounds and meaningful words interactively occurs across different combinatorial levels. Our study thus provides novel insights into the combinatorial capacities of a non-human species, adding to the growing evidence of analogues of language-specific traits present in the animal kingdom.

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Spencer, Emma E., Chris R. Dickman, Glenda M. Wardle, Thomas M. Newsome, and Aaron C. Greenville. "One year on: rapid assessment of fauna and red fox diet after the 2019–20 mega-fires in the Blue Mountains, New South Wales." Australian Zoologist, August 10, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/az.2022.033.

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ABSTRACT Australia’s 2019–20 mega-fires burnt 79% of the Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area, prompting an urgent need for rapid on-ground post-fire assessments of flora and fauna to aid in post-fire recovery. This project aimed to determine spatial patterns in populations and assemblages of vertebrates, vertebrate temporal activity, and the diet of the invasive Red Fox Vulpes vulpes, across burnt and unburnt sites. Using remote camera traps we surveyed 12 unburnt and 10 burnt sites approximately 12 months after the fires. We detected 41 species (11 mammals, 28 birds and 2 reptiles), with different species composition, but similar vertebrate species richness across both unburnt and burnt sites. The relative abundance of the Eastern Grey Kangaroo Macropus giganteus, Common Wombat Vombatus ursinus and Australian Magpie Gymnorhina tibicen was higher in burnt sites, while small mammals (< 500 g) had higher relative abundance at unburnt sites. There was no difference in the relative abundance of the Superb Lyrebird Menura novaehollandiae across burnt and unburnt sites, and although 11 species of bird were only detected at unburnt sites, the numbers were too low for reliable estimates of differences. Red Fox scat analysis (n=23) revealed that invertebrates and plant material were the dominant prey items in both burnt and unburnt sites, but medium-sized mammals increased in Red Fox diets in burnt sites, and reptiles were consumed disproportionately more by Red Foxes in burnt compared to unburnt sites. Although the short-term nature of this study and low scat sample size limited detailed insights, our rapid survey was an effective tool to gain preliminary data on species responses to the 2019–20 megafires in the Blue Mountains and contribute to a baseline for understanding species recovery.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Gymnorhina tibicen'

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