Journal articles: 'GWVHP'

1

Lei, Fei, and Ping Fang Hu. "Evaluation of the Performance of a Ground-Water Heat Pump System in Hot-Summer and Cold-Winter Region." Advanced Materials Research 805-806 (September 2013): 616–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.805-806.616.

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This study presented the energy performance evaluation of a ground-water heat pump (GWHP) system based on actual operational data. The GWHP system was installed for apartment buildings in Wuhan, China. During one year, various operating parameters of the GWHP system were monitored and the coefficient of performance (COP) of system was determined based on the measurement. The energy consumption of the GWHP system is more than twice the average value of split air conditioner on residential application, because of continuously operating of the GWHP system and frugally intermittence operating of split air conditioner. The GWHP system is more economical than other central system. The energy savings rate of the GWHP system was 41.5% for the heating season comparing with boiler and 42% for the cooling season comparing with air source heat pump.

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Yang, Jie, Yuezan Tao, Yulan Gao, Lijuan Wang, and Bo Kang. "Experimental study on the water–rock interaction mechanism in a groundwater heat pump reinjection process." Journal of Water and Climate Change 13, no. 3 (January 24, 2022): 1516–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2022.393.

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Abstract Groundwater heat pump (GWHP) is a clean new energy technology. However, recharge clogging has always affected the operational efficiency of GWHP systems. The mechanism of the water–rock interaction inducing the chemical blockage of aquifers in particular is not clear enough. In this study, a sand column device was designed to simulate the recharge of GWHP, and the geothermal water and aquifer sand of the actual GWHP project were collected. Moreover, we have characterized the sand using SEM-EDS, XRD and FT-IR; meanwhile, the evolution of the hydrochemical components, the relationship between TDS and mineral dissolution and the concentration variation trend of [Na+ + K+] and [Mg2+ + Ca2+] were analysed. The results showed that the maximum reduction of the albite content in the column, except for P4 and P6, was 13.97%, while the calcite content in the P3–P4 and P7–P10 segments increased by 1.2%. The anhydrite content was reduced in the whole interval. Therefore, the precipitation and dissolution of minerals might occur in the process of recharge, which was more significant in the front of the column. In addition, the water–rock reaction induced by GWHP recharge is a process that also involves the cation exchange adsorption of Na+ with Mg2+ and Ca2+.

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Wang, Zhi Wei, Yi Peng, Zhong He Zhang, Wei Cao, and Peng Li. "Study on Non Energy Saving Status Detection of Groundwater Heat Pump System Using Artificial Neural Network Method." Advanced Materials Research 443-444 (January 2012): 325–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.443-444.325.

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Presents two types of characteristic data: basic characteristic parameters and index characteristic parameters for non energy saving status detection (NESSD) of groundwater heat pump (GWHP) system, establishes the relationship database between characteristic data and fault factors of NESSD. For three kinds of improving back propagation (BP) algorithms: Variable Learning Rate (VLR) BP algorithm, Scaled Conjugate Gradient (SCG) BP algorithm, and Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) BP algorithm, these various algorithms’ comparative study had been conducted on the GWHP system’s NESSD. The optimal algorithm among them is determined and the GWHP system’s NESSD as cases studies can be carried out based on the most suitable BP algorithm.

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Gao, Qing, Xue Zhi Zhou, Xiao Wen Zhao, Chun Qiang Ma, and Yu Ying Yan. "Development and Challenges of Groundwater Heat Pump in China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 193-194 (August 2012): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.193-194.115.

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A groundwater heat pump (GWHP) is one type of ground source heat pump (GSHP) and is a major form of earth energy utilization, which can realize the direct use of groundwater energy or the reuse of stored underground energy. The energy conservation effect of GWHP plays an important role in the national energy strategy, but the groundwater environment has been affected and even damaged to some extent because of over-exploitation and unreasonable utilization. This paper reviews the development and challenges of GWHP in China and surveys the situation of groundwater utilization, which shows that lack of cognitive ability, scientific constraints and reasonable utilization may bring catastrophic damage to the groundwater. A coming work should aim to more researching basic problems, such as thermal interaction, energy transport in the well field, groundwater contamination, etc. In fact, the characteristics of unsteady and transient heat transfer in the complex underground environment, and their control strategies have been being also the most pressing problem. Their explorations and studies will strengthen the theoretical and practical understanding, and guide an orderly, healthy and sustainable development of GWHP.

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Kim and Lee. "Effects of a Groundwater Heat Pump on Thermophilic Bacteria Activity." Water 11, no. 10 (October 6, 2019): 2084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11102084.

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Groundwater samples were collected from the tubular wells of a groundwater heat pump (GWHP), and the psychrophilic, mesophilic, and thermophilic bacteria inhabiting the collected groundwater were cultured and isolated. Using the isolated bacteria, we analyzed temperature-dependent changes in autochthonous bacteria based on the operation of the GWHP. Microbial culture identified eight species of bacteria: five species of thermophilic bacteria (Anoxybacillus tepidamans, Bacillus oceanisediminis, Deinococcus geothermalis, Effusibacillus pohliae, and Vulcaniibacterium thermophilum), one species of mesophilic bacteria (Lysobacter mobilis), and two species of psychrophilic bacteria (Paenibacillus elgii and Paenibacillus lautus). The results indicated A. tepidamans as the most dominant thermophilic bacterium in the study area. Notably, the Anoxybacillus genus was previous reported as a microorganism capable of creating deposits that clog above-ground wells and filters at geothermal power plants. Additionally, we found that on-site operation of the GWHP had a greater influence on the activity of thermophilic bacteria than on psychrophilic bacteria among autochthonous bacteria. These findings suggested that study of cultures of thermophilic bacteria might contribute to understanding the bio-clogging phenomena mediated by A. tepidamans in regard to GWHP-related thermal efficiency.

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Yang, Jie, Wei Wang, Lin Hu, Yulan Gao, and Yuezan Tao. "Influence of different pumping and recharging schemes on regional groundwater drawdown in groundwater heat pump project: A case in Anhui Fuyang People’s Hospital." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2020): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci200614316y.

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In the process of exploiting geothermal energy by groundwater heat pump (GWHP), the dynamic equilibrium of regional groundwater drawdown is the basis for sustained operation of GWHP. In this paper, taking the GWHP project of Fuyang People's Hospital in Anhui, China as an example, a mathematical model is established and numerical simulation is carried out based on the hydrogeological conceptual model by using Modflow software. In addition, considering the pattern of same direction recharge, the intersect recharge and the ratio of 90% and 100% reinjection respectively, the area change of the drawdown funnel caused by the GWHP project and the recovery of the water level after the system stopped operation are analyzed. The results show that the funnel area of the pumping well under the 90% recharge ratio is greater than that of the 100% recharge, while the operation result of recharge well is opposite in the most adverse situation of the system with a production volume of 1440m3/d and continuous operation for 4 months. Furthermore, with the same reinjection ratio, the funnel area of the same direction recharge mode is larger than that of the intersect recharge mode in both pumping wells and recharge wells, and increases with the decrease of drawdown. Moreover, with the increase of recharge amount, while the water level of recharge well rises, there is a certain supplement and balance to the water quantity of the pumping well.

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Dahal, Niroj, Radha Krishna Shrestha, Sajjan Sherchan, Sanam Milapati, Shree Raj Shakya, and Ajay Kumar Jha. "Performance Analysis of Booster based Gravitational Water Vortex Power Plant." Journal of the Institute of Engineering 15, no. 3 (October 13, 2020): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v15i3.32026.

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Gravitational Water Vortex Power Plant (GWVPP) is a power generation system that suits for ultralow head streams of water with low flow rate. Due to the simple design, compact structure, and the possibility of local fabrication, it can benefit rural areas for off-grid supply. The purpose of this research is to study the potential of booster based GWVPP. Previous researches concluded the best position of turbine in GWVPP is actually not the maximum head position which eventually does not extract all possible head. This research explores the possibility of adding an extra runner (booster runner) below the main runner in the existing set up for additional power generation. The performance of the booster runner, modelled in CATIA V5R21 was studied computationally using ANSYS 18.1 FLUENT for various boosters with varieties of number of blades, blade inclination angle, height of booster, rotational speed and the blade profile so as to obtain the most suitable design of the booster runner, which was then verified experimentally in a model set up using four different booster runners. The research showed an increase of 3.84W in the miniaturized model which corresponds to the increase in efficiency of 20.4% from a total of 63.55% by main runner alone. This implies that the power generation can be increased by the addition of the booster runner in the existing set up.

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Zhang, Xiaoming, Qiang Wang, Qiujin Sun, and Mingyu Shao. "Experimental Study on Automatic Switching of Solar Coupled Groundwater Source Heat Pump System." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2095, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2095/1/012077.

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Abstract There have been few practical applications of solar coupled groundwater source heat pump (GWHP) systems in large public buildings, and data on this technology are scarce. A solar coupled GWHP system was investigated in this study. The system uses an underground water source heat pump system for heating in winter, cooling in summer, and providing part of the domestic hot water, and it also uses a solar energy system to prepare domestic hot water. These two types of energy are complementary. The system was tested throughout the cooling season. This experiment ran from May 10, 2021, to September 10, 2021. The results show that the system can guarantee the indoor design temperature and the supply of domestic hot water. The solar water heating system operated for 1233 min in the summer; hot water (2334 m3) was prepared. During the summer, the average energy efficiency ratio of the GWHP unit was approximately 4.88. The energy efficiency ratio of the entire system was approximately 3.34. Such projects can play a key role in demonstrating this type of system.

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Bajracharya, Tri Ratna, Shree Raj Shakya, Ashesh Babu Timilsina, Jhalak Dhakal, Subash Neupane, Ankit Gautam, and Anil Sapkota. "Effects of Geometrical Parameters in Gravitational Water Vortex Turbines with Conical Basin." Journal of Renewable Energy 2020 (December 2, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5373784.

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Gravitational Water Vortex Power Plant (GWVPP) is an appropriate means to convert kinetic energy of water to rotational mechanical energy at the very low head site. This study aims to establish a basic reference for the design of the runner for the Gravitational Water Vortex Turbine (GWVT) with a conical basin. Seven different geometrical parameters have been identified for runner design, and the effect of these parameters on the system efficiency has been studied numerically and experimentally. The effect of these parameters has been studied over the range of speed with torque. The results from performance tests of these runners suggest that runner height is the most significant parameter to be considered in the design of a turbine runner for GWVPP with a conical basin. The results show that the efficiency of GWVT has improved up to 47.85% as obtained from experiments.

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Peng, Bo, Na Zhu, Ping Fang Hu, Li Peng, and Fei Lei. "Study on Performance of Ground Source Heat Pump Systems Based on Site Tests." Advanced Materials Research 1008-1009 (August 2014): 226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1008-1009.226.

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This study analyze the actual operation performance and energy efficiency of thirty-nine ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems based on site tests in Wuhan, China. These systems include ground couple heat pump (GCHP) systems, ground water heat pump (GWHP) systems and hybrid ground source heat pump (HGSHP) systems. The results show that energy-saving rates reach 30% for most of the systems using method recommended by Assessment Guideline. The coefficient of performance (COP) of the systems varies as follow: 2.6-4.85 for GCHP systems; 2.58-3.74 for GWHP systems; 2.66-5.67 for combined heat pump systems. According to the test results and system design data, analyses the factors affecting the system performance of three types of ground source heat pump systems.

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Joshi, Shubhash, and Ajay Kumar Jha. "Computational and Experimental Study of the Effect of Solidity and Aspect Ratio of a Helical Turbine for Energy Generation in a Model Gravitational Water Vortex Power Plant." Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management 6 (July 10, 2021): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jacem.v6i0.38360.

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Gravitational Water Vortex power plant is a relatively new plant used to generate hydropower from low head rivers and canals. There has been an increase in research in the field of runner design and canal design for GWVPPs throughout the world. As no definite equations are formulated in case of runners used in a GWVPP, they are currently produced by hit and trial method. This research focuses on studying about the use of a pure reaction turbine, Gorlov turbine, to generate power from a GWVPP. ANSYS Fluent was used to perform computational study while the experimental study was done using helical turbine blades fabricated using a 3-D printer. The energy generated is very low compared to the impulse turbines. Both the computational and experimental study shows that when increasing the aspect ratio of the turbine but keeping the solidity same, the efficiency is increased significantly. However, the studies also show that on increasing the solidity, the efficiency seems to decrease. All the turbines used submerged to 3 different depts and all the results show that increasing the submergence increased the efficiency.

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Edirisinghe, D. S., H. S. Yang, B. H. Kim, C. G. Kim, S. D. G. S. P. Gunawardane, and Y. H. Lee. "Numerical Optimization of Gravitational Water Vortex Turbine using Computational Flow Analysis." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1037, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1037/1/012004.

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Abstract Gravitational Water Vortex Power (GWVP) plants are considered one of the most favourable micro-hydro extraction methods suitable for rural communities in mountain areas. Many researchers have focused on enhancing the performance of GWVP plants since it is less efficient than other commercial hydro turbines. This study mainly focuses on optimization of vortex turbine situated in conical vortex basin using the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis. The basic turbine blade design was modified with inclination, height, vertical twist, and horizontal curvature. CFD results were analysed at each step concerning air-water interface, pressure, and velocity while identifying the relationship of flow behaviour with performance. A similar blade inclination with the conical basin enhanced performance, and the increasing of blade height also showed good performance. Vertical twist and horizontal curvature were investigated separately, and the horizontal curvature blade showed slightly better performance than the vertical twisted blade recording the highest efficiency as 40.4%.

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Xiang, Jing Yan, Jun Zhao, Xi Kui Wang, and Bao Zhu Zhao. "Dynamic Exergetic Cost Analysis of a Space Heating System." Advanced Materials Research 354-355 (October 2011): 722–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.354-355.722.

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The design of heating systems with groundwater source heat pumps (GWHP) is very important for reducing their power consumption. For better design, reasonable analysis of the systems is necessary. In this paper, a dynamic exergy and exergetic cost analysis of a heating system with GWHP is performed in a whole heating season by the use of structural theory of thermoeconomics and the software of TRNSYS. The relative exergy destruction of every component and the exergetic cost of the final product of the system are obtained. The results show that the heat pump has the largest relative exergy destruction under all the working conditions. The terminal unit component has the second largest relative exergy destruction at conditions above 10% load. However, at 10% load, well water transportation component has the second largest relative exergy destruction. The unit exergetic cost of the system final product during the whole heating season is 8.51W/W, similar to the result at 75% load.

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Li, Bing Hua, Xiao Juan Cao, Li Cai Liu, Fan Dong Zheng, and Ni Zhang. "Effects of Groundwater Heat Pump Systems on the Temperature and Quality of Groundwater in Recharged Aquifer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 670-671 (October 2014): 1016–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.670-671.1016.

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Groundwater heat pump (GWHP) systems in three different hydrogeological fields, Beijing were selected, and their effects on temperature of groundwater in recharged aquifer were researched for three years. Results showed that the degree of thermal breakthrough was controlled by the distance between pumping wells and injection wells, and the temperature of groundwater with high flow rate can recover to normal faster than those with low flow rate. When distance between pumping wells and injection wells were shorter than 30m, thermal breakthrough may happen and the variation range of groundwater temperature during one heating or cooling period was 8~12°C.However, thermal breakthrough can be negligible and the temperature of groundwater may be steady when the distance between those wells was longer than 50m. Furthermore, GWHP in two different hydrogeological fields were selected to observe their effects on groundwater quality for one year. One GWHP was situated on the northwest piedmont alluvial fan of Beijing and the other was located in the southeast plain area of Beijing. Groundwater was sampled from those fields and thirty-two inorganic components were analyzed. Heavy metals were not detected, and calcium, magnesium, chloride, sulfate, fluoride and other ten inorganic components were studied. Groundwater quality in the northwest of Beijing was relatively steady because that aquifer was in relative oxidation environment. However, groundwater quality in the southeast of Beijing was subject to change because that aquifer was in relative reduction environment. Nitration reaction happened in the plain area, and ammonia, nitrite converted into nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, respectively. Simultaneously, pH, concentrations of iron and manganese decreased, and total hardness increased.

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Li, Bing Hua, Xiao Juan Cao, Li Cai Liu, Fan Dong Zheng, and Ni Zhang. "Effects of Groundwater Heat Pump Systems on the Temperature and Quality of Groundwater in Recharged Aquifer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 672-674 (October 2014): 379–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.672-674.379.

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Groundwater heat pump (GWHP) systems in three different hydrogeological fields, Beijing were selected, and their effects on temperature of groundwater in recharged aquifer were researched for three years. Results showed that the degree of thermal breakthrough was controlled by the distance between pumping wells and injection wells, and the temperature of groundwater with high flow rate can recover to normal faster than those with low flow rate. When distance between pumping wells and injection wells were shorter than 30m, thermal breakthrough may happen and the variation range of groundwater temperature during one heating or cooling period was 8~12°C.However, thermal breakthrough can be negligible and the temperature of groundwater may be steady when the distance between those wells was longer than 50m. Furthermore, GWHP in two different hydrogeological fields were selected to observe their effects on groundwater quality for one year. One GWHP was situated on the northwest piedmont alluvial fan of Beijing and the other was located in the southeast plain area of Beijing. Groundwater was sampled from those fields and thirty-two inorganic components were analyzed. Heavy metals were not detected, and calcium, magnesium, chloride, sulfate, fluoride and other ten inorganic components were studied. Groundwater quality in the northwest of Beijing was relatively steady because that aquifer was in relative oxidation environment. However, groundwater quality in the southeast of Beijing was subject to change because that aquifer was in relative reduction environment. Nitration reaction happened in the plain area, and ammonia, nitrite converted into nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, respectively. Simultaneously, pH, concentrations of iron and manganese decreased, and total hardness increased.

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Indarto, Bachtera, Mochammad Ilman Nafi’, Muhammad Hasan Basri, Hilman Saraviyan Iskawanto, and Alfi Tranggono Agus Salim. "Rancang Bangun Gravitation Water Vortex Power Plant (GWVPP) Berbasis Basin Silinder." JEECAE (Journal of Electrical, Electronics, Control, and Automotive Engineering) 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32486/jeecae.v5i1.498.

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Basri, Muhammad Hasan, Bayu Okta Pratama, Muhammad Faisol, Ali Zainal Abidin, and Moh Arif Billah. "Redesigh Gravitation Water Vortex Power Plant (GWVPP) Study Kasus Desa Duren." TRILOGI: Jurnal Ilmu Teknologi, Kesehatan, dan Humaniora 2, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.33650/trilogi.v2i1.1905.

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Residents in remote areas have not been able to enjoy electricity, including Desa Duren, Gading District, located in the mountainous area south of Probolinggo Regency, where the village still does not receive electricity supply from PLN. Hydropower is a renewable energy that can be used as a substitute for generators, where this potential can be used to become a Gravitation Water Vortex Power Plant (GWVPP) already in the village, but it needs a touch of redesign. The results of the research on the reduction of gravitation water vortex power pland in Duren Village can be obtained that the electric power generated is 727.7 watts, where this power can supply electricity needs of 5 houses.

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Zhou, Xuezhi, Qing Gao, Xiangliang Chen, Yuying Yan, and Jeffrey D. Spitler. "Developmental status and challenges of GWHP and ATES in China." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 42 (February 2015): 973–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.10.079.

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Strelec, Stjepan, Filip Dodigovic, Kristijan Grabar, and Barica Marincic-Kovacev. "The Influence of Aquifer Parameters on the Design of Extraction and Recharge Wells for Heat Pump Systems." Environmental Sciences Proceedings 5, no. 1 (November 26, 2020): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecg2020-08550.

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Groundwater can be considered a non-polluting, renewable energy source. It can be used as a fluid in industrial, commercial, and residential building heating and air-conditioning systems. Usually, the water table is deep enough, so atmospheric conditions have a negligible influence on water temperature. Consequently, annual temperature variations are minor, and groundwater can therefore also be considered a reliable energy source. This paper presents some aspects of groundwater heat pump (GWHP) well design and addresses problems that can occur during their exploitation. The heat pump system consists of two types of well: extraction wells and recharge wells. This paper shows that the distance between the two is a crucial parameter that affects the efficiency of the whole system. An example of well design for a production hall groundwater heat pump is given. The wells were constructed in the northern part of Croatia. Geological and the hydrogeological conditions at the site, regarding water temperature and soil hydraulic conductivity, are highly favorable. Due to insufficient distance between wells, thermal breakthrough occurred, i.e., water temperature in the extraction well rose, which resulted in the lower efficiency of the GWHP system.

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Choi, Hanna, Jaeyeon Kim, Byoung Ohan Shim, and Dong-hun Kim. "Characterization of Aquifer Hydrochemistry from the Operation of a Shallow Geothermal System." Water 12, no. 5 (May 13, 2020): 1377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12051377.

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The use of shallow geothermal energy systems utilizing groundwater temperature for the air-conditioning of buildings is increasing worldwide. The impact of these systems on groundwater quality has become crucial for environmental regulations and system design. For the long-term operation of geothermal systems, it is important to evaluate their influence on the geochemical properties of groundwater, including precipitation and dissolution of secondary minerals. This research was conducted in a real-scale geothermal system, consisting of a groundwater heat pump (GWHP). Hydrochemical data were obtained from samples collected from an aquifer before heating, during heating, and before cooling operations of the GWHP. The Langelier Saturation Index and Ryznar Stability Index were calculated, and the saturation index was simulated with the PHREEQC program. Evidence from water table variation, temperature change, and 87 Sr/ 86 Sr isotope distribution showed that groundwater flows from a well located on the northwest side of the geothermal well. The saturation index values showed that the pristine groundwater favors carbonate dissolution, however, manganese oxides are more sensitive to temperature than carbonate minerals. In addition, mineral precipitation and dissolution were found to vary with depth and temperature.

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Velásquez García, L., A. Rubio-Clemente, and E. Chica. "Runner optimal position in a gravitational water vortex hydraulic turbine with spiral inlet channel and a conical basin." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 20 (September 2022): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj20.248.

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A gravitational water vortex hydraulic turbine (GWVHT) is a low head hydropower technology with a vertical runner for extracting energy from the water vortex. To determine the optimal position (h) of the runner for the hydropower plant efficiency to be increased, a runner in three different positions was compared using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The position of the runner was a function of the basin height (H). The maximum efficiency (44.15%) was established when the runner was located at 60% of H. The angular velocity associated with the maximum efficiency was 14 rad/s.

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Licharz, Hannah, Peter Rösmann, Manuel S. Krommweh, Ehab Mostafa, and Wolfgang Büscher. "Energy Efficiency of a Heat Pump System: Case Study in Two Pig Houses." Energies 13, no. 3 (February 4, 2020): 662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030662.

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This study describes a 70-day investigation of three identical groundwater heat pumps (GWHP) for heating two pig houses located on the same farm in West Germany. Two of the three GWHPs were installed in a piglet-rearing barn, the third in a farrowing barn. All three heat pumps were fed from the same extraction well. The aim of this study was firstly the empirical performance measurement of the GWHP systems and secondly the energetic evaluation of the systems on barn level by calculating the coefficient of performance (COP). Three different assessment limits were considered in order to better identify factors influencing the COP. In total, the heat pumps supplied thermal energy of 47,160 kWh (piglet-rearing barn) and 36,500 kWh (farrowing barn). Depending on the assessment limit considered, the COP in piglet-rearing barn and farrowing barn ranged between 2.6–3.4 and 2.5–3.0, respectively. A significant factor influencing the COP is the amount of electrical current required to operate the groundwater feeding pump. The average groundwater flow rate was 168.4 m3 d−1 (piglet-rearing barn) and 99.1 m3 d−1 (farrowing barn). In conclusion, by using energy from groundwater, GWHPs have the potential to substitute fossil fuels, thus saving them and avoiding CO2 emissions.

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Cappellari, Davide, Leonardo Piccinini, Alessandro Pontin, and Paolo Fabbri. "Sustainability of an Open-Loop GWHP System in an Italian Alpine Valley." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (December 23, 2022): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010270.

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Shallow geothermal systems (SGSs) for building climatization represent an advantageous alternative to traditional air-conditioning systems, resulting in economic and environmental benefits. Installation of these systems requires knowledge of site-specific geological and hydrogeological conditions, which in feasibility studies are often evaluated only at the single plant scale, lacking a comprehensive view and risking not to guarantee the system sustainability over time. In this paper a methodology for the sustainable design of SGSs is presented. The methodology is developed from an example on the aquifer scale in Longarone (Belluno, Italy), where three groundwater heat pumps (GWHPs) were installed in an industrial area located in a mountain basin hosting a coarse-grained phreatic aquifer, characterized by sediments with high hydraulic conductivity and proximal to a large river (Piave River). Open-loop systems were first analyzed through numerical modeling using FEFLOW software, identifying peculiar features of the aquifer, due to its interaction with surface waters, and suggesting the possibility of its greater geothermal exploitation. Subsequently, a relationship between flow rates and thermal plume extensions was obtained, which is useful to providing support in the evaluation of potential interference with neighboring systems. The study at the aquifer scale proved representative of the system, highlighting the criticalities of the area, such as trends of aquifer temperature alteration, interference between plants, and thermal feedback.

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Zhou, Yan-zhang, and Zhi-fang Zhou. "Simulation of Thermal Transport in Aquifer: A GWHP System in Chengdu, China." Journal of Hydrodynamics 21, no. 5 (October 2009): 647–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1001-6058(08)60196-1.

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Chen, Xiao, Jie Han, and Jing Zeng. "Performance and Benefits Evaluation of Two Water-Source Heat Pump Systems for District Heating." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 4225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.4225.

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The heating source of a district heating (DH) system in Beijing was reformed from coal boilers to a groundwater heat pump (GWHP) system and a sewage source heat pump (SSHP) system. This study aims to evaluate the actual performance and benefits of two water-source heat pump systems. We found total energy savings and primary energy saving rate due to the retrofit to be 950 tons of standard coal equivalent (TCE) every year and 34.6%, respectively. Field test results indicated the necessity of system performance improvement. Appropriate approaches to improve the system performance were discussed.

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Cui, Xianze, Yong Fan, Hongxing Wang, and Shibing Huang. "Ground environment characteristics during the operation of GWHP considering the particle deposition effect." Energy and Buildings 206 (January 2020): 109593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2019.109593.

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SÖZEN, MUSTAFA, NURI YIGIT, and ERCÜMENT ÇOLAK. "A STUDY ON KARYOTYPIC EVOLUTION OF THE GENUS SPALAXGÜLDENSTAEDT, 1770 (MAMMALIA: RODENTIA) IN TURKEY." Israel Journal of Zoology 46, no. 3 (January 1, 2000): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1560/b12r-nlfr-gwvh-0b83.

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SöZEN, MUSTAFA, NURI YIGIT, and ERCüMENT çOLAK. "A STUDY ON KARYOTYPIC EVOLUTION OF THE GENUS SPALAXGüLDENSTAEDT, 1770 (MAMMALIA: RODENTIA) IN TURKEY." Israel Journal of Zoology 46, no. 3 (January 1, 2000): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1092/b12r-nlfr-gwvh-0b83.

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29

Deng, Xiao Qiong. "Design and Operation Prediction of Groundwater Heat Pump." Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (December 2012): 983–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.983.

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This article based on a large-scale water source heat pump engineering in a city of China, according to the experiment and survey of pumping site as well as hydrogeological parameters combined with the building load requirements, the design scheme of cluster wells pumping and injection was given. A numerical simulation was also done in order to analyze and forecast the temperature changes in aquifer and thermal breakthrough, well group interference problems for the next 3 years. Moreover an experience equation about change of average temperature of water source heat pump wells was got which will provide reference for design and operation of GWHP for others.

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30

Luo, Jin, Kanghui Pei, and Peijia Li. "Analysis of the thermal performance reduction of a groundwater source heat pump (GWHP) system." Engineering Failure Analysis 132 (February 2022): 105922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2021.105922.

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31

Wu, Yan Peng, and Hai Shan Xia. "Comparison and Selection of HVAC Schemes for Weihai Baidu City." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 681–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.681.

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The second phase of Weihai Baidu City project plans to become a three-star certificated program which is labled by China’s enviromental building evaluation. Heating and ventilated air conditioning program is one of the most important aspects in evaluation of energy saving. Feasibility study on GSHP, GWHP, air-source heat pump, seawater source heat pump were carried out, it’s confirmed that the most energy-saving and reliable way is that using municipal pipe networks for heating in winter and using split air conditioning or multi-connected air-conditioning system in summer. Summer air-conditioning adopts the new idea “part of time, part of space", representative the latest concept of energy efficiency in buildings in China.

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32

Park, Byeong-Hak, Gwang-Ok Bae, and Kang-Kun Lee. "Importance of thermal dispersivity in designing groundwater heat pump (GWHP) system: Field and numerical study." Renewable Energy 83 (November 2015): 270–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.04.036.

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33

Li, Hua, Li Yang, and Hui Qin Dong. "Groundwater Source Heat Pump Technology Use for Heating and Air-Conditioning of a Commercial Building." Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (December 2012): 994–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.994.

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The groundwater source heat pump (GWHP) system utilizes groundwater as alternative renewable and clean energy source for space heating and cooling, withdraws water from a production well, passes it through a heat exchanger and discharges the water into an injection well. Hebei Province of China is rich of geothermal resources; there are suitable hydrogeological conditions in most areas. Take an office building in Hebei Province for example; a detail loads analysis of the groundwater source heat pump system was conducted. At the same time, an analysis of environmental energy benefits was also conducted. Comparing with the traditional systems for heating and cooling, groundwater source heat pump heating and cooling works well, with significant energy and environmental benefits, should be widely used.

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34

Pandey, Shankar Nath, Raj Kumar Chaulagain, and Bimal Pandey. "Simulation of Propeller Runner for Cylindrical Basin of Gravitational Water Vortex Power Plant." Advances in Engineering and Technology: An International Journal 2, no. 01 (December 31, 2022): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aet.v2i01.50461.

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The gravitational water vortex power plant is an emerging technology of power generation from water vortex in a small amount. It can generate electricity in a low head of range (0.7-2m). This system is very simple and requires less keep-up. This research aims to develop the propeller type runner which gives optimum efficiency and cylindrical basin suitable for this propeller runner in GWVPP. The research has been conducted by developing a new propeller runner and cylindrical basin considering the top surface open as the atmosphere. Blade angle, discharge hole diameter of the basin, the position of runner, and rpm are optimized on CFD-based optimization. After the CFD analysis, the optimum blade angle was 43º, exit hole diameter of this basin was found 175 mm which is 20% of the basin diameter. The optimum height was found 785mm which is 65.42% of the total height. And the efficiency of the optimized system was 23.639 % at 40 rpm.

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35

Luo, Jin, Peijia Li, Zezhou Yan, and Yungang Wu. "An integrated 3D method to assess the application potential of GWHP systems in fluvial deposit areas." Renewable Energy 187 (March 2022): 631–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2022.01.103.

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36

Park, Byeong-Hak, Won-Tak Joun, Bo-Hyun Lee, and Kang-Kun Lee. "A Study on Significant Parameters for Efficient Design of Open-loop Groundwater Heat Pump (GWHP) Systems." Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment 20, no. 4 (August 31, 2015): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7857/jsge.2015.20.4.041.

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37

Fatimah, Iim, Haswin Dian Fathoni, and Bachtera Indarto. "Performance Analysis of Cone Basin-Based Gravitational Water Vortex Power Plant (GWVPP) by Variations in the Number of Blades." Jurnal Fisika dan Aplikasinya 18, no. 3 (October 31, 2022): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j24604682.v18i3.14496.

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38

Lo Russo, Stefano, Glenda Taddia, and Vittorio Verda. "Development of the thermally affected zone (TAZ) around a groundwater heat pump (GWHP) system: A sensitivity analysis." Geothermics 43 (July 2012): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2012.02.001.

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39

Jiang, Yan, Xiaoyang Wang, Ming Li, and Qing Gao. "Investigations on heat flow characteristics of the aquifer for groundwater heat pump (GWHP) composed of different well types." International Journal of Green Energy 16, no. 12 (August 6, 2019): 857–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15435075.2019.1641106.

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40

Park, Byeong-Hak, Bo-Hyun Lee, and Kang-Kun Lee. "Experimental investigation of the thermal dispersion coefficient under forced groundwater flow for designing an optimal groundwater heat pump (GWHP) system." Journal of Hydrology 562 (July 2018): 385–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.05.023.

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41

Milnes, Ellen, and Pierre Perrochet. "Assessing the impact of thermal feedback and recycling in open-loop groundwater heat pump (GWHP) systems: a complementary design tool." Hydrogeology Journal 21, no. 2 (September 28, 2012): 505–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-012-0902-y.

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42

Liu, Zhijian, Yulong Zhang, Wei Xu, Xinyan Yang, Yuanwei Liu, and Guangya Jin. "Suitability and feasibility study on the application of groundwater source heat pump (GWSHP) system in residential buildings for different climate zones in China." Energy Reports 6 (November 2020): 2587–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2020.09.015.

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43

Aizaz, Ahmad, and Nauman Hafeez. "Resolving National Energy Crisis through Energy Efficient Appliances: Use of Ground Water Heat Pump for Air Conditioning Systems." Advanced Materials Research 983 (June 2014): 261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.983.261.

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Energy crisis are deepening with every year passing by in a country like Pakistan. One of the major contributors of energy consumption in the domestic as well as in some commercial sector is the environment air conditioning (during summers) and heating systems (during winters). One possible solution to this national energy crisis is available in the form of tapping the available renewable natural resources of energy, specifically the Ground Water Heat Pumps (GWHP). Despite its wider applications in the advanced countries, the confidence in this technology is much feeble in less advanced countries, like Pakistan, mainly due to lack of awareness about the technology among the public and lack of subsoil temperature data for the scientific / engineering community. Thus, the aim of this study is to collect subsoil water temperature data of at least one particular location for over a year, and demonstrate the usefulness of sub soil ground water in improving the performance of conventional air-conditioning system both in cooling as well as in heating modes. This study shows significant improvement in the Coefficient of Performance (COP) of the Air Conditioner both in Cooling as well as in heating modes and thus reducing the expensive electricity consumption.

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44

Gizzi, Martina, Glenda Taddia, Elena Cerino Abdin, and Stefano Lo Russo. "Thermally Affected Zone (TAZ) Assessment in Open-Loop Low-Enthalpy Groundwater Heat Pump Systems (GWHPs): Potential of Analytical Solutions." Geofluids 2020 (April 27, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2640917.

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Thermal perturbation produced in the subsurface by open-loop groundwater heat pump systems (GWHPs) must be predicted and constantly controlled, especially in the shallow aquifers of more densely urbanized areas, in order to guarantee plants’ long-term sustainable use and to avoid adverse effects on adjacent geothermal systems. Transient conditions in the flow dynamic can be successfully modelled by means of numerical modelling tools. However, for small plants in suitable hydrogeological systems, an alternative tool for predicting the thermally affected zone (TAZ) around the injection well can be found in analytical solutions for steady advective transport in a shallow aquifer. The validity of using steady analytical solutions to predict the TAZ development at the end of two different cooling seasons (2010 and 2016) was tested in the Politecnico di Torino GWHP system (NW Italy). When fixing the constant thermal difference (ΔT) between the injection and abstraction wells at 5°C, results revealed that a rather reliable assessment of the TAZ of Politecnico di Torino GWHPs, in Turin shallow aquifer, can be performed by plotting the cumulative distribution function of the injected discharge rate (Q) and setting 63% as a steady value.

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45

Gjengedal, Sondre, Lars A. Stenvik, Pål-Tore S. Storli, Randi K. Ramstad, Bernt O. Hilmo, and Bjørn S. Frengstad. "Design of Groundwater Heat Pump Systems. Principles, Tools, and Strategies for Controlling Gas and Precipitation Problems." Energies 12, no. 19 (September 25, 2019): 3657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12193657.

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The utilization of groundwater heat pump systems is increasing in Norway, which are currently widely employed for heating and cooling applications in the town center of Melhus. The investigations of the Melhus installations are detecting gas exsolution as a possible trigger for precipitation reaction that causes incrustation of iron and manganese compounds in the systems. This paper discusses risks associated with gas exsolution and considers gas exsolution triggers in a typical Norwegian groundwater heat pump (GWHP) system configuration. The concept of the solubility grade line (SGL) is developed and suggested as a tool for optimizing the design. Based on SGL analysis and the intention of avoiding gas exsolution during heat production, an alternative system design in the same aquifer is presented and compared. The analyses show that the traditional system design is predisposed to gas clogging risks and prone to vacuum pressures in parts of the system. The alternative design mediates the risks by adjusting the well and piping configuration and by applying a backpressure technique. The results demonstrate how the groundwater heat pump system design can be customized according to local aquifer conditions to avoid gas exsolution during operation. It is recommended that the presented method of analysis should be utilized in dimensioning of systems and included in the monitoring scheme of the systems.

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46

Lo Russo, Stefano, Loretta Gnavi, Emanuele Roccia, Glenda Taddia, and Vittorio Verda. "Groundwater Heat Pump (GWHP) system modeling and Thermal Affected Zone (TAZ) prediction reliability: Influence of temporal variations in flow discharge and injection temperature." Geothermics 51 (July 2014): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2013.10.008.

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47

Hasan Basri, Muhammad, and Ainun Nasuki. "Water Discharge Management Based on Open and Closed Cylinders in the Gravitation Water Vortex Power Plant." JEEE-U (Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering-UMSIDA) 5, no. 1 (March 23, 2021): 22–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/jeeeu.v5i1.1008.

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A Gravitation Water Vortex Power Plant (GWVPP) tool has been made to determine how much water flow is needed to generate electricity. This research was conducted by changing the flow rate and water pressure to determine the effect on the performance of a vortex power plant, and in previous studies, no one has made changes to the discharge and water pressure. The type of basin position used in this study is an open basin position and a closed basin position. Based on the advantages and disadvantages of each type of blade used, a study was carried out using the type of turbine blade model L by changing the water flow rate and water pressure at a predetermined position to determine the effect of water discharge and pressure on the turbine rotational speed. From the results of testing the water discharge measurement in a closed basin which is carried out on the addition of each flow of water discharge at the angle of the faucet 0o to 90o with a volume (V) 98 L and time (t) 1.11 minutes to 2.5 minutes, it can be seen that the average discharge value (Q) the resulting 81.08 l / s. and from the results of testing the water discharge measurement in the open basin which is carried out to the addition of each flow of water discharge at the angle of the faucet 0o to 90o with a volume (V) 98 L and time (t) 1.28 minutes to 4.1 minutes it can be seen that the average discharge value (Q ) resulting in 65.21 l / s.

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48

Strelec, Stjepan, Kristijan Grabar, Jasmin Jug, and Nikola Kranjčić. "Influence of Recharging Wells, Sanitary Collectors and Rain Drainage on Increase Temperature in Pumping Wells on the Groundwater Heat Pump System." Sensors 21, no. 21 (October 28, 2021): 7175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21217175.

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The utilization of groundwater is becoming increasingly popular for heating and cooling buildings, as well as to regulate the temperature needs of industrial processes. Groundwater has excellent energy potential from various factors, of which environmental acceptability stands out, as groundwater is considered a source of renewable energy. Due to the water table depth below the surface, atmospheric conditions have a negligible effect on the temperature of groundwater, resulting only in minor annual temperature variations, thus also making groundwater a source of reliable renewable energy. This paper presents some aspects of the groundwater heat pump (GWHP) system’s design and addresses a particular problem on the influence of recharge temperature field as well as local utility lines on the pumping well water temperature. An example is given of a system designed for a production hall in the northern part of Croatia. Geological and hydrogeological conditions at the site are highly favourable regarding the groundwater temperature and aquifer parameters. For the needs of this research, precise electronic sensors with data loggers were installed inside the wells. Probe type GSR 120 NT manufactured by Eltratec, Slovenia, is capable of monitoring level, temperature, and electrical conductivity, including telemetric data transfer to the remote server. Mapping the obtained data revealed significant temperature breakthroughs from the recharge wells, as well as local temperature field deviation near the sanitary and precipitation drainage collectors. Utility installation seepage influence was differentiated by the increase in groundwater electrical conductivity measured at the pumping wells. Results show that not only distance between the wells, as the main parameter that affects the system, but also industrial utility lines can have an influence on thermal field breakthrough.

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49

Gjengedal, Sondre, Lars A. Stenvik, Randi K. Ramstad, Jan I. Ulfsnes, Bernt O. Hilmo, and Bjørn S. Frengstad. "Online remote-controlled and cost-effective fouling and clogging surveillance of a groundwater heat pump system." Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, September 10, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10064-020-01963-z.

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Abstract Fouling and clogging of groundwater wells and heat exchangers are among the major operational challenges for groundwater heat pump (GWHP) and aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) systems. This article presents the application of a step-test surveillance procedure developed for early detection of clogging in distinct parts of the GWHP system, tested at Lena Terrace in Melhus Norway. Three versions of the test procedure are presented and demonstrate that the test can be performed with a minimum of four steps, each of 15-min duration, while the GWHP system is actively producing heat. The results prove that the surveillance test can detect changes in the hydraulic resistance of the groundwater circuit and locate clogging problems within all of the relevant system components in the groundwater circuit simultaneously. At the Lena Terrace GWHP system, these tests indicate a gradual increase of hydraulic resistance with time, which verify that clogging issues are continuously developing in the injection well, in the production well, and in the groundwater heat exchanger. Cleaning of the heat exchanger was then performed. This increased the pumping capacity by 8.3% points, but continuous clogging of the injection well and the production well necessitates further maintenance to ensure a reliable operation. It is demonstrated that multidisciplinary competence and experience with GWHP-systems, aquifers, and groundwater wells are needed for the evaluation of the results. These results can therefore serve as a reference for other GWHP systems with similar design configurations.

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50

Lin, Fei, Honglei Ren, Ting Wei, Yuezan Tao, Yucheng Li, and Jie Yang. "Geothermal dynamic constraints of groundwater source heat pump system in shallow aquifers." Frontiers in Energy Research 10 (January 6, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2022.928125.

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Due to the temperature of shallow aquifers being affected by atmospheric temperature, groundwater source heat pumps (GWSHPs) become unstable and the operation efficiency of GWSHP is constrained. In the study, the coupling numerical simulation model of the groundwater flow field and temperature field is established based on the continuous monitoring results in an actual experimental site, and the water and thermal migration of shallow aquifer is simulated under the influence of the atmospheric environment. The influence of the dynamic change in ground temperature is analyzed on a GWSHP. The results indicated that the temperature of the shallow aquifer is affected by the external temperature, and the recharge temperature in the summer cooling period was 33°C, and that in the winter heating period was 6°C in the actual site, to avoid the occurrence of thermal penetration when there is a gap between the actual situation and the design situation, the single cooler can balance the insufficient cooling capacity in summer under the most unfavorable situation. The research results can also provide a reference for the development and utilization of geothermal energy resources in shallow aquifers.

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Journal articles on the topic 'GWVHP'

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