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Zhang, Y., Y. Niu, Z. Han, Q. Yu, P. F. He, X. Li, and S. X. Zhang. "AB1237 ASSOCIATION OF GUT MICROBIOTA WITH RISK OF GOUT." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (May 30, 2023): 1845.1–1845. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.3743.
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BackgroundGout is a prevalent and painful inflammatory arthritis. Increasingly studies have shown that the gut microbiota is associated with gout [1-3]. However, whether these associations reflect a causal relationship is still being determined.ObjectivesTo investigate whether there is a causal relationship between intestinal bacteria and gout, we used Mendelian randomization (MR) two-sample analysis.MethodsGout-related data were derived from the Integrated Epidemiology Unit (IEU) GWAS database, which included 2115 gout cases and 67259 controls [4]. The data on intestinal bacteria came from the website MRbase. We searched 173 species of bacteria and finally identified 5 genus species, which were theEubacterium brachy, Eubacterium hallii, Howardella, Sellimonas,andorder Mollicutes RF9. MR-Egger, weighted median, inverse variance weighting (IVW), and MR-PRESSO were used to conduct the double-sample MR analysis. Finally, we excluded the data related to poly-effect and heterogeneity to ensure the robustness of the results.ResultsFive kinds of gut microbiota (Eubacterium brachy, Eubacterium hallii, Howardella, Sellimonas, and order Mollicutes RF9) had a causal relationship with gout. According to inverse variance weighted estimation,Eubacterium hallii(odds ratio(OR) = 1.660, 95% confidence interval(CI): 1.073-2.569, P = 0.023),Howardella(OR = 1.391, 95% CI: 1.058-1.828, P = 0.018) andSellimonas(OR = 1.384, 95% CI: 1.009-1.897, P = 0.044) were risk factors for gout.Eubacterium brachy(OR = 0.656, 95% CI: 0.469-0.917, P = 0.014) andorder Mollicutes RF9(OR = 0.641, 95% CI: 0.471-0.874, P = 0.005) showed protective effect against gout (Figure 1).ConclusionThis study suggested a causal relationship between these five gut microbiota and gout, providing new implications for future clinical trials on the association between microbiota and gout.References[1]Wang, Z., et al.,Gut microbiota remodeling: A promising therapeutic strategy to confront hyperuricemia and gout.Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 2022.12: p. 935723.[2]Chu, Y., S. Sun, and Y. Huang,Metagenomic analysis revealed the potential role of gut microbiome in gout.2021.7(1): p. 66.[3]Méndez-Salazar, E.O.,Uric acid extrarenal excretion: the gut microbiome as an evident yet understated factor in gout development.NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes, 2022.42(3): p. 403-412.[4]Köttgen, A., et al.,Genome-wide association analyses identify 18 new loci associated with serum urate concentrations.Rheumatol Int, 2013.45(2): p. 145-54.Figure 1.Forest plot of the results of mendelian randomization analysis between gut microbiota and goutAcknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.
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Yeo, George, and Jaume Ribera Segura. "George Yeo: "Get out of your comfort zone."." IESE Insight, no. 22 (September 15, 2014): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/002.ent-2530.
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Mussa, Kassim, Ibrahimu Mjemah, and Kristine Walraevens. "Quantification of Groundwater Exploitation and Assessment of Water Quality Risk Perception in the Dar Es Salaam Quaternary Aquifer, Tanzania." Water 11, no. 12 (December 3, 2019): 2552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11122552.
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This study quantified groundwater exploitation and assessed water quality risk perception in the Dar es Salaam quaternary aquifer through a socio-economic survey. Annual total groundwater exploitation was estimated, using the daily per capita consumption of groundwater derived from the household survey. A logistic regression analysis was performed to ascertain the influence of sex, marital status, education level, employment, income, and cost of water on groundwater quality risk perception. It was revealed that most residents of Dar es Salaam use groundwater as a main source of water supply. The results of this study further showed that 78% consider groundwater as a reliable source. Averting strategies for insufficient quantity of groundwater consist of minimizing less necessary water uses, while for poor quality, buying bottled water and water treatment by boiling and using chemicals. The chance for water quality risk perception is 0.205 times greater for married than unmarried household heads, and it is 623 times higher for employed versus unemployed household heads. To get an overall view of the importance of groundwater for domestic needs in Dar es Salaam it is imperative to combine a time series data of groundwater and surface water exploitation.
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Katopola, Daudi, Fredirick Mashili, and Marie Hasselberg. "Pedestrians’ Perception of Pedestrian Bridges—A Qualitative Study in Dar es Salaam." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3 (January 22, 2022): 1238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031238.
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Background: About 30 percent of all road traffic deaths in Tanzania involve pedestrians. As one of the strategies to protect them, pedestrian overhead bridges have been constructed across busy roads, and plans to build more bridges are in place. It has, however, been shown that such pedestrian bridges do not necessarily discourage street-level road crossing, even when pedestrians must cross multiple lanes with heavy traffic. This paper explores the perceptions of pedestrians when crossing urban roads emphasizing pedestrian bridge users. Methods: Nineteen semi-structured interviews were conducted in situ around six pedestrian bridges in Dar es Salaam. All interviews were conducted in Swahili, recorded using digital devices, transcribed verbatim then translated into English. Content analysis was employed using qualitative data analysis software (MAXQDA). Results: We identified three overarching themes, namely, I don’t know if it’s right or wrong, they already decided; the bridge is just a crossing facility, not for other purposes; and follow your gut feeling, even if you don’t know how things will end. The results suggest that many participants prefer to look for alternative means of transport and resorted to more alternative routes just to avoid using pedestrian bridges due to bridges length and crossing time. Conclusion: These findings highlight the concerns caused by alternative uses of pedestrian bridges and underscore the importance of involving local communities and other stakeholders during planning.
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Athuman, Amaniel, and Emmanuel J. Munishi. "Exploration of Male Partners’ Gender Based Violence by Female Partners in Dar es Salaam-Tanzania." Issue 6 3, no. 6 (December 30, 2022): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.46606/eajess2022v03i06.0250.
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This study explored Gender Based violence of male partners by female partners in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, using the qualitative approach. It employed a prolonged field engagement through in-depth interviews. While Dar es Salaam Region consists five municipalities, this study was conducted in Ilala Municipality owing its strategic location in the city with big populations and large social interactions. Through snowball sampling technique, 25 men were sampled as respondents and thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. The study established that males experienced a variety of gender-based violence including physical, psychological and economic violence. Factors contributing to gender-based violence included lack of awareness and negative perception toward gender-based violence services. Because of the patriarchal nature of the society, men who experience GBV did not report the incidents since they felt being embarrassed and undermined by the community's social structure. Based on conclusions, the study recommends that men should strive to get empowered economically, considering that there has been a positive correlation between men’s economic powerlessness and violence against them by their partners. Affected men should be sensitized on the availability and significance of various institutions dealing with GBV; they should consult the institutions whenever they fall victim to GBV. Finally, there is a need for more male representation in gender desks since gender desks in many police stations currently lack equitable men representation.
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Shitindi, Sister, Adella Nyello, and Fredy Mswima. "INCOME POVERTY AND CHILD STREETISM IN DODOMA AND DAR ES SALAAM, TANZANIA." Journal of Asian and African Social Science and Humanities 9, no. 1 (March 30, 2023): 46–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.55327/jaash.v9i1.296.
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Tanzania has been implementing several initiatives to address the challenge of street children in the country. Despite such efforts, the child streetism has become the daily reality and has shown the sign of increasing. This article explores the influence of income poverty on child streetism in urban Tanzania. Specifically, the article focused on analysing the live experiences of street children; and describing the influence of income poverty on streetism of children. The article adopted the descriptive cross-sectional design and involved a total of 56 informants who were purposively selected while the snowballing sampling technique was used in accessing street children. Semi-structured interview, documentary review and observation method were used to collect data. Through thematic and content data analysis techniques this article revealed that street children experienced difficulties in getting their basic needs and did not easily access health services when they fell sick. Further, child streetism has been largely influenced by income poverty. Hence, the study recommends that; develop a formal and functional support system to facilitate children on the street to access the educational services. Regarding coping strategies as an emerged issue, street children engaged into begging, unsafe sex and petty income-generating activities such as car wash and bottle collection. They also used self-medication to treat themselves when they fell sick or being left at the hospital buildings or on the street by their fellow street children when the condition got worse. Additionally, they did not have any coping strategy to enroll themselves into the school.
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Sari, Fita Permata, Arief Budhiman, and Herry Prasetyo. "Developing Android Based My Science App Learning Media with a SETS Approach on The Topic of the Solar System in Elementary Schools." Jurnal Penelitian & Pengembangan Pendidikan Fisika 9, no. 1 (April 24, 2023): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/1.09114.
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This study aimed to develop an android-based My Science App learning media with the Science, Environment, Technology, and Society (SETS) approach for elementary school students on the solar system. The subject in this study were 23 sixth-grade students of SD Negeri Salebu 03 Majenang. This type of research is Research and Development. The initial stage of the study was observing the learning media used in learning, then developing the design and producing the android-based My Science App learning media with the SETS approach. The resulting learning media can help students understand learning material. The results of the feasibility assessment of learning media by media experts obtained 93.75% with very feasible criteria, and the evaluation by content experts got 96.25% with very feasible criteria. This research produces appropriate learning media for solar system topics.
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Ojwang', Enock, Ulimboka Mwasomola, and Dickson Pastory. "MARKET INFORMATION SHARING; AN EXPLORATION STUDY ON HORTICULTURAL SECTOR IN DAR ES SALAAM." Business Education Journal 10, no. 2 (August 16, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54156/cbe.bej.10.2.302.
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It has been noted that the horticultural sector does not have a clear system to determine both demand and supply that reflects inappropriate market information sharing. This study explored the market information sharing and assessed challenges impacting effective market information sharing in the horticultural sector (vegetables and fruits). The study is qualitative in nature because it seeks to explore information and it was carried out in Dar es Salaam City. The study employed phenomenological design for describing the essence of the experiences for several individuals who have all experienced the phenomenon. Purposive sampling was used to identify the useful groups and then stratified sampling technique was employed to get a total of 34 respondents from the clusters: farmers, middlemen, vendors, and agricultural officers. Interviews and document reviews were the tools used for collecting both primary and secondary data and the data collected were analyzed by the use of MAXQDA 2020. The study found out that the needed information are price, availability of produce, transportation, and delivery and money transaction methods to be used. Secondly, the results show that information sharing in the industry employs two ways, that is, word of mouth and the use of mobile phones. There are many challenges impacting effective market information sharing such as personal interest in providing information, poor knowledge, poverty, unprotected e-business, poor network, and poor transport facilities. Based on the findings, we strongly recommend that education should be given to the entire industry, to formalize the industry, and sharing of the collected market information through various platforms to enhance availability to anybody's needs.
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Shagembe, Magolanga, and Thomas Ndaluka. "Exploration of the Child Domestic Workers’ Lived Experiences in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Tanzania Journal of Sociology 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 51–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.56279/tajoso.v9i1.120.
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This qualitative study, based on a phenomenological design, explored the lived experiences of child domestic workers aged 15 to 18 years in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Children in this age group are above the national and international legal minimum age for admission into light work. The findings of our study indicated that although domestic work is perceived by the child domestic workers as a method for impoverished children between the ages of 15 and 18 to earn money, get experience, and learn new life skills, it also entails loneliness, challenges in assimilating into an unfamiliar social context, and child sexual exploitation and abuse. Also, a significant number of CDWs originate from low-income, rural households, with financial poverty, children’s idleness after completion of primary school, and a desire for income serving as important antecedents for their entry into domestic work. The process of social construction of the concepts "a child" and "childhood" includes the idea of typification. Hence, in the Tanzanian socio-cultural atmosphere, domestic work for underprivileged youngsters may be a better alternative for survival than opting for other options like commercial sex work, remaining idle in financially precarious homes, working and living on the streets, and "panya road" (children's criminal gangs). In addition to addressing poverty, ensuring light (domestic work) for children under 18 years, and acknowledging that childhood and its roles differ depending on the sociocultural atmosphere, researchers and policymakers should pay attention to these children's best interests, socio-cultural realities, and their perspectives and worries regarding this phenomenon in a quest to developing research-driven interventions and policies.
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Suil Cerda, Mauricio. "Liberación-sin más: ¿Una discusión deslavada? Re-lectura en clave destructiva acerca de la filosofía en Latinoamérica." Hermenéutica Intercultural, no. 22 (July 4, 2014): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.29344/07196504.22.550.
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Liberación-sin más: ¿Una discusión deslavada? Re-lectura en clave destructiva acerca de la filosofía en Latinoamérica.Liberation – just it: A fading discussion? Rereading in destructive key about philosophy in Latin America.Recibido: 25/04/2013 ∙ Aceptado: 22/07/2013Resumen Si la interrogante en torno a la autenticidad de la filosofía latinoamericana se ha proyectado en un repliegue teorizantemente academicista e institucional como síntesis de la tensión liberación-sin más, es algo que puede apreciarse desde una mirada directa al debate Salazar Bondy–Zea. El camino trazado para un pensar realmente histórico, sin adjetivos, rigurosamente crítico y radicalmente liberador, se aplica sobre la base de cierta tradición investigativa que sigue siendo el referente de las ideas filosóficas, razón por la cual permanece funcionalmente enajenada en el perfil especulativo inherente a la racionalidad moderna, base de un discurso igualmente dominador. Desde la ‘clave destructiva’ es posible apreciar esta inflexión que tiende a soslayar el análisis rupturista como posibilidad reflexiva, y con lo que parte importante del filosofar queda sujeto a estructuras que lo desenfocan de su quehacer radicalmente cuestionador y problemático.Palabras clave: Filosofía - destrucción - enajenación - liberación - ‘sin más’ AbstractThis article examines the authenticity of Latin American philosophy from the debate between Augusto Salazar Bondy and Leopoldo Zea. This debate is an academic and institutional theoretical synthesis of the “simply, liberation” tension; the discussion is permeated by the speculative profile of modern rationality. From a destructive approach, this article explores this turning point which usually sidesteps the breaking-up analysis and its reflexive possibilities; in this way, an important part of philosophising is subject to certain structures which get it out of its problematic and enquiring focus. Keywords: philosophy - breaking-up analysis - alienation - liberation - “without more ado”
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Mubarakah, Layts Layyin, and Novia Fetri Aliza. "Peran Teman Sebaya dalam Menumbuhkan Adversity Quotient Santri." Islamic Counseling: Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling Islam 7, no. 2 (December 8, 2023): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.29240/jbk.v7i2.8396.
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Living life in an Islamic boarding school is not an easy thing for teenagers. The difficulties experienced by teenagers at Islamic boarding schools are certainly very different from the difficulties experienced by teenagers outside Islamic boarding schools. During the observations, the author found several cases where there were santri (Islamic Boarding School Students) who had run away from the Islamic boarding school with the aim of being expelled, but the students still continued to live in the Islamic boarding school. Another fact, is that there are students who violate the regulations in Islamic boarding schools with the same goal, namely to get them expelled from the Islamic boarding school, but in fact the students still remain in the Islamic boarding school. The aim of this research is to examine in more depth the role of peer support in growing the Adversity Quotient in Santri. As well as knowing the role of peers for students at the Raudhatus Salaam Islamic boarding school. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method using a phenomenological approach with case studies. The author's data collection method uses interview techniques, documentation and also field observation. The subjects in this study were 5 students who had low Adversity Quotien experience, namely, CPR, RARK, H, INAF, and RF. The results of the research show that the Adversity Quotient description of the students at the Raudhatus Salaam Islamic boarding school is fairly good. This shows that the students are able to control themselves when they have problems. Meanwhile, regarding the role of peer support in growing the Adversity Quotient in this research, it has an important role. The factors that support students to remain in Islamic boarding schools in this research are the support of friends and the environment. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factors are friend problems and also financial problems.
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Shitindi, Jeston. "Influence of Poverty on Streetism of Children in Dar Es Salaam and Dodoma Cities." Journal of Poverty, Investment and Development 8, no. 1 (January 27, 2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/jpid.1743.
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Purpose: Tanzania has been implementing several initiatives to address the challenge of street children in the country. Despite such efforts, the child streetism has become the daily reality and has shown the sign of increasing. This dissertation is a study on the influence of poverty and family support on child streetism in urban Tanzania. Specifically, the study focused on analysing the lived experiences of street children; describing the influence of income poverty on streetism of children.
Methodology: The study adopted interpretivism research paradigm using descriptive cross-sectional design and inductive research approach. It involved a total of 38 informants who were purposively selected while the snowballing sampling technique was used in accessing street children. Semi-structured interview, documentary review and observation method were conducted.
Findings: Through thematic and content data analysis techniques, this study reveals that street children experienced difficulties in getting their basic needs and did not easily access health services when they fell sick. They also engaged into intra-violence among themselves. Further, child streetism has been largely influenced by income poverty. Regarding coping strategies, street children engaged into begging, unsafe sex and petty income-generating activities such as car wash and bottle collection. They also used self-medication to treat themselves when they fell sick or being left at the hospital buildings or on the street by their fellow street children when the condition got worse.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Additionally, they did not have any coping strategy to enroll themselves into the school. The study also revealed that vulnerability and rational choice perspectives must be used in exploring the lived experienced of street children instead of using the vulnerability perspective alone. The rational choice perspective explains, among others, why street children sustain street life hardships and difficulties instead of going back to their families.
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Amour, Idrissa Said. "STACK for interactive online numerical analysis tutorials: development, competence and performance." Journal of ICT Systems 1, no. 1 (April 24, 2023): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.56279/jicts.v1i1.17.
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Conducting tutorials for large classes requires number of manpower/venues. In this work we exploit the power of mathematics plugin (System for Teaching and Assessment using Computer Algebra Kernel - STACK) embedded within Moodle to conduct online tutorials for Numerical Analysis; undergraduate second year course taught in 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 academic years at theUniversity of Dar es Salaam. Varieties of randomized questions were authored to cover the content of the coursewhile testing different learning objectives exhausting direct and iterative computations, analytical and guided proofs. Students got feedback of their work immediately from their anticipated mistakes. Students' participation and engagement in the tutorials are promising. Final scores do not show any negative impact from the application of online tutorials. Handling of online tutorials is important as number of students enrolled every year is increasing disproportionally with the available teaching staffs. This can also be appropriate tool for both delivering mathematics content interactively and assessing mathematics learning when meetings between teachers and students are limited (e.g. during pandemic period) or not necessary (e.g. distance learning programmes).
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LÜCKING, Robert, Matthew P. NELSEN, André APTROOT, Michel N. BENATTI, Nguyen Quoc BINH, Cécile GUEIDAN, Martha Cecilia GUTIÉRREZ, et al. "A pot-pourri of new species of Trypetheliaceae resulting from molecular phylogenetic studies." Lichenologist 48, no. 6 (November 2016): 639–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282916000475.
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AbstractBased on separately obtained and analyzed molecular data and within the framework of a global revision of the family Trypetheliaceae, 21 new species are described, from the Neotropics and tropical Asia, in the genera Architrypethelium (1), Astrothelium (15), Bathelium (1), Nigrovothelium (1), Trypethelium (1), and Viridothelium (2), namely: Architrypethelium lauropaluanum Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Marcelli sp. nov., differing from A. hyalinum in the perithecia immersed between coarse thallus verrucae and in the additional ascospore septa; Astrothelium aurantiacocinereum Lücking, Naksuwankul & Lumbsch sp. nov., differing from A. aeneum in the prominent, well-delimited, trypethelioid pseudostromata and the absence of pigment on the thallus surface, as well as in the barely lichenized thallus; A. carassense Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Marcelli sp. nov., differing from A. purpurascens in orange, K+ red pseudostroma pigment and the slightly larger ascospores; A. cryptolucens Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & N. Salazar sp. nov., differing from A. carrascoense in the inspersed hymenium; A. fijiense Lücking, Naksuwankul & Lumbsch sp. nov., differing from A. cinereorosellum in the presence of lichexanthone on the well-delimited pseudostromata and in the slightly shorter ascospores; A. laevithallinum Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Marcelli sp. nov., differing from A. endochryseum in the smooth thallus; A. leucosessile Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Aptroot sp. nov., differing from A. phlyctaena in the conspicuous, sessile pseudostromata; A. macrostomoides Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Benatti sp. nov., differing from A. macrostomum in the larger ascospores; A. megacrypticum Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & N. Salazar sp. nov., differing from A. longisporum in the single-spored asci and larger ascospores; A. nicaraguense Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & T. Orozco sp. nov., differing from A. gigantosporum in the smaller ascospores; A. norisianum Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Aptroot sp. nov., differing from A. sepultum in the distinct, well-delimited pseudostromata; A. obtectum Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Benatti sp. nov., differing from A. nigrocacuminum in the smaller ascospores; A. sordithecium Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Marcelli sp. nov., differing from A. leucothelium in the inspersed hymenium and the absence of lichexanthone from the thallus surface outside the pseudostromata; A. subendochryseum Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Marcelli sp. nov., differing from A. endochryseum in the absence of pigment in the pseudostromata and the lateral thallus cover of the pseudostromata; A. subinterjectum Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Jungbluth sp. nov., differing from A. obtectum in the smaller pseudostromata and smaller ascospores, and from A. interjectum in the diffuse pseudostromata and smaller ascospores; Bathelium porinosporum Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Gueidan sp. nov., differing from other Bathelium species in the 3-septate, euseptate ascospores; Nigrovothelium bullatum Lücking, Upreti & Lumbsch sp. nov., differing from N. tropicum in the bullate thallus; Trypethelium tolimense Lücking, Moncada & M. Gut. sp. nov., differing from T. xanthoplatystomum in the absence of a yellow-orange pigment on the pseudostromata and the K+ yellow (not K+ red) medullary pigment; Viridothelium tricolor Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & N. Salazar sp. nov., characterized by black perithecia with a lateral ostiole immersed in white pseudostromata strongly contrasting with the surrounding brown thallus, in combination with 2-spored asci and large, muriform ascospores; and V. vonkonratii Lücking, Naksuwankul & Lumbsch sp. nov., differing from V. virens in larger ascospores and mostly solitary ascomata. All species are illustrated and their taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships are discussed. ITS barcoding sequences are reported for five specimens of Bathelium porinosporum.
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Gudila Valentine Shirima, Obadia Venance Nyongole, Augustine Massawe, and Gad Kilonzo. "Factors associated with cognitive developmental delay among infants attending Reproductive and Child Health clinics in Dar es salaam, Tanzania." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 9, no. 2 (February 28, 2021): 179–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.9.2.0060.
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Background; Early child cognitive development is important throughout one’s life span. It is estimated that more than 200 million children under five years of age fail to achieve full cognitive development in the world and 80% of them are in south Asia and sub-Sahara-Africa. Genetic and environmental factors play a role in early child development (ECD). Most of the ECD occurs in the first 2years of life, but largely during infancy. Malnutrition, poverty and poor health care to children have been found to have association with poor cognitive development and create a vicious cycle of poverty. This study gives the proportion and factors that are associated with infants’ cognitive developmental delay in our setting. Knowing these factors enhance early intervention to break the viscious cycle.This study aimed to determine the proportion and factors associated with cognitive developmental delay among infants attending RCH clinics in Dar es Salaam. Patients/ Material and Methods; This was a health facility based descriptive cross-sectional study conducted by using a structured data collecting tool done in three health centers in Dar es Salaam from July to December 2012. A two- stage sampling technique and Lottery were used to get the health centers. The data were analyzed using SPSS software by Pearson’s chi-square, Fisher exact test and logistic regressions. Results; A total of 350 infants were assessed for cognitive development in a period of six months. Male infants were the majority by 50.6%. Our study Participants aged 1to 12 months with a mean (SD) of 7.26 (3.43) months with their birth weight ranging from 1.3 to 4.6kg with mean (SD) of 3.11(0.50) kg. The Proportion of infants with cognitive developmental delay was 12.3%. Age of the child, caretakers and wasting were significantly associated with cognitive developmental delays even after adjusting for confounders. Infants aged less than 6months were 14 times more likely to have cognitive developmental delay compared to those aged six months and above (adjusted oddis ratio{aOR=14; 95%CI 5.3-38.3, P<0.001}). Infants cared by assistant caretakers especially during day-time, were 12 times more likely to have cognitive developmental delay compared to infants who stayed with their mothers (aOR=12.1; 95%CI 3.0-53, P=0.001). Wasted infants were 4 times more likely to have cognitive developmental delay (aOR=3.9; 95%CI 1.1-13.3, P=0.032) compared to infants with good nutritional status. Conclusion; The proportion of cognitive developmental delay among infants attending Reproductive and Child Health( RCH) clinics in Dar es Salaam was 12.3%. Young age of the child, use of other caretakers in absence of the mother, and wasting were associated with cognitive developmental delays. Infants need Mothers to spend time with them and prevention of malnutrition plays a role in cognitive development.
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Luhanga, Mathew L., and Cuthbet E. B. Amos. "Analytical Modeling of a Large Local Area Network - Part I: Internet Traffic Characterization." Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology 31, no. 2 (December 31, 2008): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.52339/tjet.v31i2.430.
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The goal of both IP network operators and the end users is to get the highest performance from the system for a given cost. This makes Performance a key criterion in the design, procurement, and use of computer and communication systems. In order to address problems associated with performance degradation of operational communicationssystems, over the last decade, traffic engineering techniques have emerged in an attempt to optimize communication systems’ performance and ensure more efficient use of their resources. One of these techniques is analytical modeling. Analytic performance models are an excellent tool for quickly evaluating the performance of operational or new systems. They are also well suited to comparing the performance of several alternative designs. However, analytical models can only be developed once detailed knowledge of characteristics of trafficcarried by a network is available. In Part I of this paper, traffic characterization of traffic carried by the largest Local Area Network (LAN) in Tanzania, University of Dar es Salaam Network (UDSMNET) is carried out. In Part II of this paper, an analytical model based on the Discrete Time Markov Modulated Poisson Process is proposed and validated for performance analysis of IP networks.
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Bishoge, Obadia Kyetuza, Lingling Zhang, and Shaldon Leparan Suntu. "Factors Influencing the Growth of Floriculture. A case study of Kinondoni Municipality, Dar es Salaam city in Tanzania." Journal of Applied and Advanced Research 2, no. 6 (December 25, 2017): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.21839/jaar.2017.v2i6.119.
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A study to evaluate the factors influencing the growth of floriculture and its contribution to the community livelihoods was conducted in Dar es Salaam city, using Kinondoni Municipality as a case study. Specifically, the study intended to (i) explore the influential factors for the growth of floriculture in the case study (ii) examine the socio-economic contribution of floriculture to the local community livelihoods (iii) identify the challenges facing the floriculture and (iv) suggest remedies towards the challenges. Simple random and purposive sampling techniques were used to get a total of 60 respondents. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative approaches to collect data. Data were collected through observations, questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The results of the study show that income generation, availability of open spaces (road reserves), shortage of other employment opportunities, high demand, environmental conservation are the main factors for growth of the floriculture. Low markets, shortage of the water supply services, informality, the eruption of pests and diseases and a shortage of working tools were revealed as significant challenges facing the floricultural business. To improve this business, it suggested that the government must recognize floriculture as a business. It should provide more support in terms of the improvements of the water supply services, provision subsidy, aids and loans of the low conditionality to the smallholder farmers.
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Adji, Riyanto. "Assistance for Rice Farmers through Salibu Cultivation Technology to Create a Post-Pandemic Food Independent Village in Cijeler Sumedang Village." Engagement: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 6, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 331–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.29062/engagement.v6i2.1271.
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The increasing population in West Java has a major effect on the narrowing of land, this is natural because the land has turned into residential land. The narrowing of agricultural land cannot be resisted, but we must find alternative solutions, so that agricultural productivity can be maintained. One of the productivity of agricultural products that must be maintained is rice, because as the main source of rice, it becomes the staple food of the people of West Java. One of the steps to increase rice productivity is to use the SALIBU cultivation technology. The results of previous research regarding the SALIBU cultivation technology showed that rice productivity increased because of one planting and harvesting many times. The application of the SALIBU cultivation technology is not easy, therefore it is necessary to carry out the assistance socialization steps regarding the cultivation of the cruciferous, the aim is to get a response from the farmers, so that it can be used as a reference to the next stage of research. The method used is literature review, socialization and interviews. The results of the socialization stated that 44% of farmers wanted to learn the cruciferous cultivation technology, 40% of farmers answered that they were still unsure, and 16% said they did not know.
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Buhomoli, Obadia Shadrack, and Paul S. Muneja. "Research Data Handling by Researchers in the Selected Universities in Tanzania." University of Dar es Salaam Library Journal 16, no. 2 (February 7, 2022): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/udslj.v16i2.5.
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This study investigated the practice of research data handling in the selected higher learning institutions in Tanzania, with specific reference to the University of Dar es Salaam and University of Dodoma. The study assessed research data formats that are currently produced, where the research data are currently stored and whether researchers in the selected institutions use data management plan in their research activities. A study used both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Questionnaire was used to extract data from researchers while interview was used to obtain data from key informants who were categorized as potential managers responsible for research data management from the respective institutions. Results show that researchers have been producing various kinds of research data in various formats both digital and analogy data. Moreover, researchers handled these data using various approaches. This means that there were no systematic and well-guided methods of handling their research data making the data prone to get lost. Only a small number of researchers appeared to have a large amount of research data. Furthermore, only a few number of researchers indicated to have used research data management plan (RDM) in their research activities. This study recommends more collaboration among researchers, directorate of research and publication, ICT and library management to improve the research data handling in the universities.
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Reddy, V. Sridhar, G. Harsha, S. Ganesh Kumar Reddy, Sunil Talasila, S. Abdus Salaam, and M. Srinivasulu. "Mandibular Reconstruction using AO/ASIF Stainless Steel Reconstruction Plate: A Retrospective Study of 36 Cases." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 13, no. 1 (2012): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1099.
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ABSTRACT Aim The study was aimed at esthetic and functional results as well as patient tolerance after reconstruction with reconstruction plate. The follow-up ranged from 1 to 4 years. Materials and methods A retrospective study of 36 patients who had mandibular reconstruction with AO/ASIF stainless steel reconstruction plates after oncologic resection was evaluated. The indications and postoperative outcomes were studied. Results At the end of study, 24 of 36 patients (67%) still had the plate in place. Around three (8%) plates were fractured. Nine (25%) plates got exposed leading to surgical intervention. Surgical results were satisfying, particularly when looking at delayed healing or long-term tolerance. Esthetic (79% rated results as good or acceptable) and functional results of this reconstruction were satisfying. Conclusion We conclude by saying that reconstruction plate provides a solution for safe and rapid mandibular reconstruction for patients with poor prognosis or poor condition. This method also preserves the possibility of secondary reconstruction. Clinical significance The reconstruction plate may be a good clinical choice for safe and rapid mandibular reconstruction. How to cite this article Harsha G, Reddy SGK, Talasila S, Salaam SA, Srinivasulu M, Reddy VS. Mandibular Reconstruction using AO/ASIF Stainless Steel Reconstruction Plate: A Retrospective Study of 36 Cases. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(1):75-79.
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Weber, Ron, and Oliver Musshoff. "Is agricultural microcredit really more risky? Evidence from Tanzania." Agricultural Finance Review 72, no. 3 (November 2, 2012): 416–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00021461211277268.
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PurposeUsing a unique dataset of a commercial microfinance institution (MFI) in Tanzania, the purpose of this paper is to investigate first whether agricultural firms have a different probability to get a loan and whether their loans are differently volume rationed than loans to non‐agricultural firms. Second, the paper analyzes whether agricultural firms repay their loans with different delinquencies than non‐agricultural firms.Design/methodology/approachThe authors estimate a Probit‐Model for the probability of receiving a loan, a Heckman‐Model to investigate the magnitude of volume rationing for all loan applications and an OLS‐Model to examine the loan delinquencies of all microloans disbursed by the MFI.FindingsThe results reveal that agricultural firms face higher obstacles to get credit but as soon as they have access to credit, their loans are not differently volume rationed than those of non‐agricultural firms. Furthermore, agricultural firms are less often delinquent when paying back their loans than non‐agricultural firms.Research limitations/implicationsEven if the authors can show that access to credit and loan repayment is different for agricultural firms, the current regional focus of the MFI only allows for lending to agricultural firms in the greater Dar es Salaam area. Thus, these results might change in a rural setting. Besides general differences of the rural economic environment, the production type of agricultural firms might also differ in rural areas. Also, these results might change in different country contexts.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that a higher risk exposition typically attributed to agricultural production must not necessarily lead to higher credit risk. They also show that the investigated MFI overestimates the credit risk of agricultural clients and, hence, should reconsider its risk assessment practice to be able to increase lending to the agricultural sector. In addition, the results might indicate that farmers qualify less often for a loan as they do not fit into the standard microcredit product.Originality/valueTo the authors' knowledge, this is the first paper which simultaneously investigates access to credit and the repayment behavior of agricultural firms.
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Yussuf, Masoud, Emmanuel Tonya, and Salum Mohamed. "THE EFFECT OF INTERNAL AUDITING ON PROCUREMENT PERFORMANCE IN PARASTATAL ORGANIZATIONS OF TANZANIA." Business Education Journal 11, no. 1 (January 24, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.54156/cbe.bej.11.1.319.
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Despite the critical role of internal audit units along with various strategies undertaken to enhance this role, presence of fraud, corruptions and other unethical practices still discontented with the auditing units inability to undertake auditing functions effectively without being detected and become a common phenomenon in parastatal organizations of Tanzania. This paper determined the role of internal audit on procurement performance. Specifically, it determined the influence of competence, independence, and management support on procurement performance and recommended strategies for improving the same. Quantitative approach was adopted and data were drawn from an explanatory research design sampled with 94 parastatals of Dar es Salaam through questionnaires from head of departments particularly user departments. Descriptive data analysis were employed to get mean and standard deviation of the findings, whereby data were summarized using frequency distribution tables and finally multiple regression model was used to analyze the data. The findings showed that independence and management support had a significant positive association with procurement performance at p<0.05. Competence had a non-significant positive association with procurement performance. The study recommended managements of parastatal organizations to provide training opportunities to the internal audit sections, ensuring the internal auditors to exercise their duties with autonomy as well as be free from any type of influence. Furthermore,management should ensure that internal audit sections are given full support to execute their functions thereby ensuring satisfactory procurement performance
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SYAFRUDDIN, Akhmad, Yohanes Fisher KEON, and Yohanes Jimmy NAMI. "Identity-Based Political Preferences In The Elections (Study Of Manggarai Ethnicity In The 2012 And 2017 Kupang City Elections)." International Journal of Environmental, Sustainability, and Social Science 4, no. 5 (September 30, 2023): 1629–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.38142/ijesss.v4i5.895.
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This research aims to explain the phenomenon of identity politics in the context of Regional Head Elections (Pilkada) in the scheme of the relationship between ethnicity and voters' political preferences in Pilkada contestations. The case raised in this research is the Kupang City Pilkada during the last two periods which included the pair Yonas Salean and Dr. Herman Man in the 2012-2017 period and the couple Jefri Riwu Kore and Dr. Herman Man in the 2017-2022 period. Interestingly, the two democratic contestation celebrations were won by the Mayor candidate who was paired with Dr. Herman Man. This fact gave rise to a number of assumptions that placed the figure of Dr. Herman Man as the determining factor for victory. This research specifically wants to measure whether identity politics has changed the behavior of choosing the Manggarai ethnic group in providing support to Dr Herman Man. To get an overview and answers, this research uses a qualitative approach with a case study type on the Manggarai ethnic group in Kupang City. Data collection techniques through interviews and documentation. The research results show that support for the Kupang Mayor candidate pair who collaborated with the Deputy Mayor candidate pair from the Manggarai ethnic group was strengthened by the presence of a unifying forum, namely Panga and IKMR as the basis for the Manggarai people's association in Kupang City. The existence of non-formal institutions is an effective consolidation medium for gathering support and strengthening internal ethnic solidity.
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Kaur, Dr Harpreet. "New Women in Selected Indian Chick Lit Novels: From Stereotypical Roles towards Modernity." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 10 (October 31, 2023): 1871–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.56343.
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Abstract: Women in India have had a challenging time developing in a male subjugated society, class and caste systems. But within time, women have become educated, emancipated and independent. In the era of globalization and change, Women are no longer confined to the walls of a house. They have become cognizant of the need to be modern and new woman. The image of woman in literature in recent decades as presented by Indian English writers is different from that past. The journey of women smashing the stereotypical roles and stepping ahead towards modernity and ‘new woman’ has been depicted by several Chick Lit writers in their writings. Being a Subgenre of Chick Lit, Indian Chick Lit is a genre of fiction written for and advertised to young women, particularly solitary and employed women in their twenties and thirties. This new genre has appeared as a different tendency especially for the young independent employed women who are struggling hard to find a space for themselves in the twenty first century. This paper highlights the journey of women from stereotypical roles towards modernity. It elucidates how the protagonists in Indian Chick Lit novels smash the stereotypes of self-sacrificing and self-effacing roles of women discussing the novels Piece of Cake by Swati Kaushal and and Salaam, Paris by Kavita Daswani. These leading characters of selected Indian chick lit novels are at great pains to get themselves free from the stereotypical and traditional roles
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Mgheni, Rogers, and Paul J. Ondiek. "Assessing Factors that Influence Teenagers’ Involvement in Gambling Activities in Tanzania: A Case of Tandika Ward of Temeke District, Dar es Salaam - Tanzania." European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences 1, no. 4 (July 6, 2023): 1110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2023.1(4).104.
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Gambling is not a new phenomenon in the society and to the field of scholars. The subject has been in existence since the ancient societies, nevertheless it has gained popularity with more human interactions and modernization. Of late, gambling has gained attention due to the age problem in which there is a concern of growing numbers of teenagers who engage in gambling activities. The main aim of this study was to assess the factors for increasing teenagers’ involvement in gambling activities. Thus, the objective of the study was to examine the effectiveness of legislation in controlling teenage gambling. The explorative study was conducted in Temeke district of Dar es salaam and it engaged both qualitative and quantitative methods. A sample of 99 participants was selected through simple random sampling, snow ball sampling and convenience sampling. The study employed in-depth interview and questionnaire to collect information that enabled the writing of this paper. Qualitative data was analyzed by use of thematic data analysis methods while quantitative data was analyzed with graphs and percentages of responses as well as paragraph explanations. The findings revealed that there are legislative factors that influence teenagers involvement into gambling activities, the factors include: ineffectiveness of Tanzania Gambling Act (TGA) of 2006, ineffectiveness of Gaming Board of Tanzania (GBT), District Administrative Secretary (DAS’) office, and Ward Executive Offices (WEO). The study recommended that the government should review the policies and clearly stipulate further restrictions and repercussions on areas concerning teenagers and/or under age involvement in gambling activities. Through the Regional Administration and Local Government Authority (RALG) departments and Ministry of Education Science and Technology (MoEST) to design awareness programs to the public and sensitize members of public on social and economic adverse effects of gambling to teenagers. Parents should be encourages to be responsible and accountable for the behaviors of their children. Also, the local government authorities should be training in technology aspects and equipped with resources to execute better on their roles in the communities.
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Rohmatulloh, Rohmatulloh, Anton Aulawi, and Alamsyah Basri. "KESADARAN HUKUM PEKERJA MUSIK KOTA SERANG TERHADAP HAK CIPTA MUSIK DITINJAU DARI UNDANG-UNDANG NO. 28 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG HAK CIPTA." Pro Patria: Jurnal Pendidikan, Kewarganegaraan, Hukum, Sosial, dan Politik 5, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 114–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47080/propatria.v5i1.1771.
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ABSTRACT
An understanding of copyright is a must-have for every music worker or person in the music industry, because this is closely related to the protection of every work created by musicians so that they are not misused by irresponsible parties and take good profits. financially and existentially. This study aims to determine the awareness of musicians related to Law Number 28 of 2014 Year concerning Copyright and the occurrence of copyright infringement, especially song copyrights in Serang City. The research method used is research with a qualitative approach with data collection techniques, namely observation, interviews and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the influence of the Copyright Law for music workers in Serang City who are members of the Salbai 34 Venue community has not had a significant influence in providing legal protection, because in each of their published musical works, almost on average they have not met to get royalties. per month due to several digital platform rules that put limits on getting royalties from each work that is played and there are still many copyright infringement cases, by unscrupulous music workers, both by musicians and content creators. The level of legal awareness of music workers in Serang City regarding copyright in terms of Law Number 28 of 2014 Year is not yet or still lacks legal awareness. There are four indicators to determine that music workers in Serang City do not yet have good legal awareness, where each of these indicators is a stage for the next stage, namely legal knowledge, legal understanding, legal attitudes, and patterns of understanding community behavior.
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Aleswa Zebedayo, Oscar Mukasa, Samwel Analanga, Irene Moshi, Ibrahim Msuya, and Francis Levira. "Fertility Desires of HIV-positive Women Attending Care and Treatment Clinics (CTC) in Urban Areas in Tanzania." Asian Journal of Health Research 2, no. 3 (December 14, 2023): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.55561/ajhr.v2i3.123.
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Introduction: Reproductive concerns by People Living with HIV (PLHIV) are matters that are important for both individual and general public health. We described fertility desire among HIV-positive women attending Care and Treatment Clinics (CTC) and determined factors for having such a desire to get children in urban areas of Dar es Salaam and Dodoma in Tanzania. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study for which primary data were collected in a random sample of women of reproductive age (15-49 years) after accessing HIV care and treatment services. A survey was conducted among HIV-positive women receiving anti-retroviral treatment to document service needs, service quality, and fertility preferences. A Univariate model was used to examine the relationship between the dependent and the independent variables, and all associations were taken into account in the final model. Results: Among 691 participants, 282 (40.8%) women living with HIV have fertility desire. Women aged above 25 experienced a reduction in the odds of fertility desire by 56% (P value =0.003) compared to the reference group of women aged 25 years or less. Fertility desire was predicted to have two times as much growth with 1 to < 3 years (p- value=0.02) and 5 or 5+ years (P value =0.01) time lapse since the debut of ART, compared to the group of women who were on ART for 3 years but less than five years. Conclusion: Our data has not only reconfirmed the importance of ART and PMTCT services to PLHIV but also contributed to evidence on their value addition in terms of the creation of resilience to normal fertility family life after debut HIV diagnosis.
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A. Khamis, Abuubakar, Emmanuel J. Munishi, and Ibrahim M. Issa. "The Challenges Faced by Manufacturing Companies in Implementation of Green Supply Chain: Evidence from the Bakhresa Food Products Limited in Dar es Salaam – Tanzania." International Journal of Social Science Research and Review 5, no. 7 (July 18, 2022): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.47814/ijssrr.v5i7.343.
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Northwistanding the role played by manufacturing companies in implementation of green supply chain, it seems that, this role has not been fully practiced by manufacturing companies in ensuring green supply chain. Taking Bakhresa Food Product LTD as a case study. This paper is intended to get a better understanding of the challenges faced by manufacturing companies in understanding green supply chain and recommending strategies for improving this role. Based on the qualitative appraoch and a purposive sample of 60 respondents, data were collected using in-depth interview, focus group discussion, indirect observation and analysis of secondary data. Data were analysed based on the thematic analysis strategy through the aid of MAXQDA 10 software. Findings of the study revealed that, manufacturing companies faced a number of challenges towards implementing green supply chain. At the green sourcing and purchasing level, the company was confronted with lack of sustainable practices in the organization vision and mission, poor commitment by top management to source environmental friendly materials and high operational costs. Moroever, challenges related to green manufacturing were lack of knowledge by the staff on environmental practices and impacts as well as lack of demand for green manufactured products due to their expensive nature. Challenges related to green transportation and distribution included irregular transportation by the vehicles, poor maintenance of the vehicles and poor infrastructures. Finally, challenges related to green disposal and reverse logistics were lack of information sharing between the firms and suppliers, inadequate legal enforcement by the government specifically to protect environment, shortage of equipment, lack of knowledge of the workers about disposal processess and also manufacturing companies failure to control customers after selling the products. Hence, to improve this situation, we recommend that; to improve green sourcing, use of modernized machines and provision of relevant traing. For the green transportation, manufacturing companies are required to conduct maintanance fot motor vehicles, making consolidation of materials so as to reduce number of trips per day. Finally, to improve green disposal, manufacturing companies are required to establish the program of waste collection from the residential areas as well as purchasing disposal equipment so as to avoid costs of outsourcing
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Cao, Zhen. "Editorial." Wearable Technology 2, no. 1 (June 16, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.54517/wt.v2i1.1680.
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<p class="Text">We care much about medical fields which are closely related to every one of us. Wearable technology plays a vital role in modern medicine. The topic of medical wearable technology is impossible to be missed. Hence, we honorably invited three of our editor board members to write articles for this issue.</p><p class="Text">Prof. Guozhi Huang from Southern Medical University reviewed the background of national policies for the construction of healthy China, summarized the many shortcomings that currently restricted the improvement of rehabilitation service capabilities, and proposed the implementation path of intelligent rehabilitation where wearables were salient in health monitoring. Dr. Julián Patiño-Ortiz proposed a method with a systemic-transdisciplinary approach for the design of eHealth devices, to satisfy the requirements and needs of all those involved in the use of the device and comply with the regulations established in the different countries. Ruben Dario Vasquez Salazar from New Mexico State University reviewed different mobility aids for people with visual disabilities, for the purpose of obtaining a clear vision on the progress of technology and techniques used for assistance in this population. To increase the ability to detect obstacles, the most common devices correspond to the integration of sensors and electronic components in canes. You will get details in these excellent articles.</p><p class="Text">What’s more, we have articles collected in this issue focusing on medical fields such as dentistry, cardiology, etc. Wishing everyone good health!</p><p class="Text"> </p><p class="Text" align="right">Editor-in-chief</p><p class="Text" align="right">Dr. Zhen Cao</p>
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Wang, Dongqing, Angela Chukwu, Mary Mwanyika-Sando, Sulemana Watara Abubakari, Nega Assefa, Isabel Madzorera, Elena C. Hemler, et al. "COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and its determinants among sub-Saharan African adolescents." PLOS Global Public Health 2, no. 10 (October 5, 2022): e0000611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000611.
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COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among adolescents poses a challenge to the global effort to control the pandemic. This multi-country survey aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa between July and December 2021. The survey was conducted using computer-assisted telephone interviewing among adolescents in five sub-Saharan African countries, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, Nigeria, and Tanzania. A rural area and an urban area were included in each country (except Ghana, which only had a rural area), with approximately 300 adolescents in each area and 2662 in total. Sociodemographic characteristics and perceptions and attitudes on COVID-19 vaccines were measured. Vaccine hesitancy was defined as definitely not getting vaccinated or being undecided on whether to get vaccinated if a COVID-19 vaccine were available. Log-binomial models were used to calculate the adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between potential determinants and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. The percentage of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was 14% in rural Kersa, 23% in rural Ibadan, 31% in rural Nouna, 32% in urban Ouagadougou, 37% in urban Addis Ababa, 48% in rural Kintampo, 65% in urban Lagos, 76% in urban Dar es Salaam, and 88% in rural Dodoma. Perceived low necessity, concerns about vaccine safety, and concerns about vaccine effectiveness were the leading reasons for hesitancy. Healthcare workers, parents or family members, and schoolteachers had the greatest impacts on vaccine willingness. Perceived lack of safety (aPR: 3.52; 95% CI: 3.00, 4.13) and lack of effectiveness (aPR: 3.46; 95% CI: 2.97, 4.03) were associated with greater vaccine hesitancy. The prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among adolescents is alarmingly high across the five sub-Saharan African countries, especially in Tanzania. COVID-19 vaccination campaigns among sub-Saharan African adolescents should address their concerns and misconceptions about vaccine safety and effectiveness.
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Elizabeth, Lulu. "Female Migration and Control Over resources in Tanzania: a Case of Parakuyo Maasai Women in Coast region." JOURNAL OF THE GEOGRAPHICAL ASSOCIATION OF TANZANIA 37, no. 1 (July 10, 2021): 102–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.56279/jgat.v37i1.144.
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This paper examined female migration and control over resources in Tanzania. The main objective was to investigate how migration has influenced access to and control over resources among Maasai women. The study was conducted in Dar es Salaam city and in Bagamoyo District in the Coast Region. Coast Region was selected because the respondents (Maasai women) who were found in the city mentioned it as their home areas (place of origin). The study selected purposively eighteen (18) wards in the city and four (4) wards in the rural areas. Respondents were obtained by interviewing all those who were found in business areas. Snowball technique was used by moving from one group to the next until the desired number of 400 respondents was attained. The findings showed that major economic activities in rural areas were livestock keeping alongside with crop cultivation and some petty businesses. In the City, the main economic activities were petty businesses where goods like traditional medicine, beaded jewellery, earrings, tobacco and beards were sold in combination. The determinants of migration for Maasai women were both pull and push factors like reduction of livestock due to diseases and drought, culminating to difficulties in earning income in the rural areas, the demand for Maasai goods and presence of friends and relatives in the city. The study concluded that migration of Maasai women to the city enabled them to access and control resources in their families. The study recommended that migrant Maasai women in the city be assisted to improve the quality of their goods so as to increase their incomes. Local Government Authority should ensure security in the informal sector particularly for women and protect their goods. In the rural areas, more efforts should be done by the government and NGOs to help Maasai practice dairy cattle so as to get more milk and money for their family up- keep. Also there should be interventions of entrepreneurship training in rural areas for rural females who are doing petty businesses by ensuring convenient places to conduct their businesses.
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Suharja, Eliati Sri, and Aan Kusmana. "CADRE ASSISTANCE IN PROMOTIVE AND PREVENTIVE DENTAL HEALTH PROGRAMS IN TRADITIONAL COMMUNITIES OF KAMPUNG NAGA." JDHT Journal of Dental Hygiene and Therapy 4, no. 2 (October 19, 2023): 186–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.36082/jdht.v4i2.1424.
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Kampung Naga is one of the traditional villages in Neglasari Village, Salawu District, Tasikmalaya Regency. The Kampung Naga Traditional Community is known for its strength in maintaining and preserving the traditions of its ancestral heritage. As a traditional village, the lives of its people are inseparable from traditional rules, including regarding health. Self-cleaning activities such as bathing are carried out in the "pacilingan" (MCK) which is above the fish pond. Interestingly, people here do not use cosmetics such as soap, shampoo and toothpaste when cleaning themselves. The ingredients used for bathing and shampooing are "taneuh porang" (clay), crushed orang-aring leaves or aloe vera and some also use lime. Meanwhile, to brush your teeth, use "eurih jeung lebu" (fiber from weed leaves and rubbing ash). The aim of the research is to determine the effect of cadre training in promotive and preventive dental health programs for the Naga village indigenous community in Tasikmalaya Regency. The qualitative research method is a quasi-experimental one group pre and post test design method using an observational approach and implementation of the PAR model which is supported by a literature review. The research results show that training local cadres is very effective in the promotive efforts carried out by cadres in indigenous communities. The results show that the level of pre-post knowledge of indigenous communities has increased to good with a result of p=0.000, and for the preventive results of OHIS measurements, the majority of indigenous community members in Dental hygiene maintenance has implemented what they got from the promotive cadres so that the pre-post OHIS results are good, p = 0.000, there is a significant change in the promotive and preventive efforts above, according to statistics, it is very significant. Conclusion: that there is an influence of cadre training in the promotional and preventive dental health program efforts of the Naga village indigenous community in maintaining the cleanliness of the teeth and mouth of local residents.
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Wollum, Alexandra, Corrina Moucheraud, Amon Sabasaba, and Jessica D. Gipson. "Removal of long-acting reversible contraceptive methods and quality of care in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Client and provider perspectives from a secondary analysis of cross-sectional survey data from a randomized controlled trial." PLOS Global Public Health 4, no. 1 (January 23, 2024): e0002810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0002810.
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Access to removal of long-acting reversible contraception (LARCs) (e.g., implants and intrauterine devices (IUDs)) is an essential part of contraceptive care. We conducted a secondary analysis of cross-sectional survey data from a randomized controlled trial. We analyzed 5,930 client surveys and 259 provider surveys from 73 public sector facilities in Tanzania to examine the receipt of desired LARC removal services among clients and the association between receipt of desired LARC removal and person-centered care. We used provider survey data to contextualize these findings, describing provider attitudes and training related to LARC removals. All facilities took part in a larger randomized controlled trial to assess the Beyond Bias intervention, a provider-focused intervention to reduce provider bias on the basis of age, marital status, and parity. Thirteen percent of clients did not receive a desired LARC removal during their visit. Clients who were young, had lower perceived socioeconomic status, and visited facilities that did not take part in the Beyond Bias intervention were less likely to receive a desired removal. Clients who received a desired LARC removal reported higher levels of person-centered care (β = .07, CI: .02 - .11, p = < .01). Half of providers reported not being comfortable removing a LARC before its expiration (51%) or if they disagreed with the client’s decision (49%). Attention is needed to ensure clients can get their LARCs removed when they want to ensure patient-centered care and protect client autonomy and rights. Interventions like the Beyond Bias intervention, may work to address provider-imposed barriers to LARC removals.
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Rasyid, Fahrur, and Imam Makruf. "Meningkatkan Keterampilan Membaca Siswa Dengan Metode Bernyanyi Dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di SDIT Al Jabar." Ukazh: Journal of Arabic Studies 4, no. 2 (December 28, 2023): 425–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37274/ukazh.v4i2.824.
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Peranan Bahasa Arab disamping sebagai alat komunikasi dan peribadatan umat islam juga berperan di dalam dunia pendidikan khususnya di sekolah-sekolah berbasis islam. Sebagian siswa beranggapa bahswa bahasa arab adalah bahasa yang sulit untuk difahami, dan ini menjadi tugas seorang guru dalam mengajarkan bahasa arab agar dapat diterima baik oleh siswa. Mengajarkan bahasa arab tentu terdapat kendala-kendala yang dihadapi, salah satunya adalah keterbatasan siswa SDIT Al Jabar dalam keterampilan membaca. Membaca merupakan salah satu keterampilan berbahasa yang sangat penting di samping tiga keterampilan berbahasa lainnya. Metode bernyanyi dapat membantu siswa-siswa untuk memahami teks bacaan bahasa arab maupun kosa-kata bahasa arab. dengan bernyanyi dapat menuntun siswa yang belum bisa membaca tulisan arab dan seiring berjalannya waktu siswa dengan sendirinya dapat membaca teks bahasa arab tersebut. kreatifitas dalam mengolah metode bernyanyi menjadi hal yang penting, seperti halanya kreatifitas dalam salaam pembuka, lagu pembukaan pembelajaran, pengenbangan materi dengan lagu-lagu serta lagu penutup pembelajaran. manfaat penerapan metode bernyanyi membuat siswa-siswi SDIT Al Jabar menjadi aktif, mendapat pengalaman baru, motivasi dan minat belajar bahasa arab meningkat dan mempermudah siswa dalam mempelajari materi bahasa arab.
The role of Arabic besides being a means of communication and worship of Muslims also plays a role in the world of education, especially in Islam-based schools. Some students think that Arabic is a difficult language to understand, and it is the duty of a teacher to teach Arabic so that it can be well received by students. Teaching Arabic certainly has obstacles faced one of them is the limitations of SDIT Al Jabar students in reading skills. Reading is one of the most important language skills in addition to the other three language skills. The singing method can help students to understand Arabic reading texts as well as Arabic vocabulary. By singing can lead students who cannot read Arabic script and over time students can automatically read the Arabic text. Creativity in processing singing methods is important, such as creativity in the opening song, opening song of learning, development of material with songs and closing songs of learning. The benefits of applying the singing method make SDIT Al Jabar students become active, get new experiences, motivation and interest in learning Arabic increase and make it easier for students to learn Arabic material.
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Ntacho, Gloria A., and Seif Muba. "COVID 19 The pandemic and Price Volatility: An Analysis of Hospitality Industry in Emerging Market Economy - Case Study of Tanzania." East African Journal of Business and Economics 4, no. 1 (November 23, 2021): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajbe.4.1.479.
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Hotel industries have had the most impact in most of the countries as people went into lockdowns and quarantines as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study aimed at assessing the degree of price change in relation to the profit of hotels before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Tanzania has been considered to represent developing countries that have taken a different course in a fight against the pandemic. Price movement determines the reaction from customers and therefore performance. This study prepared to identify the knowledge gap on how supply shocks affecting prices of hotels caused by COVID-19 pandemic that are beyond control, especially on a developing country like Tanzania could have on the performance of hotels and whether the recovery of such recession can be predicted in the short run. Movement in supply, demand and management strategies were regarded as an indicator of the direction of the performance of hotels in Tanzania pre and during the COVID-19 pandemic period. The study adopted both qualitative and quantitative analysis for a period of two years, 2019 to 2021, for a sample of two hotels in Dar es salaam which are 5- star hotels. Focus group discussion was used as a way to collect data along with secondary data. The regression analysis has been adopted to analyse secondary data after considering the correlation between variables in the study. Performance of hotels was measured using daily demand generated in pre and during the pandemic period against changes in prices influenced by COVID-19 pandemic. The study found out that the influence of price movement during the pandemic period was not significant enough to have led to the deteriorating performance of hotels in Tanzania. However, hotel performance deteriorated as a result of other contributing factors such as a fall in occupancy rate, lack of markets and increasing additional costs to fight against the pandemic, supply shocks which led to a fall in efficiency. It was evidenced that this was highly triggered by the overdependence of hotels on foreign markets. Travelling restrictions and lockdowns cultivated the deteriorating performance in hotels even though Tanzania never went into lockdown. However, hotel management adopted measures to contain the impacts through various ways, such as cutting down costs and revising prices. The study concluded and recommended that Tanzania hotels management should adopt flexible strategies on pricing that would accommodate unprecedented events that are beyond the control of the market forces (demand and supply). This would enable management to have decisions that reflect the condition in the country and not get influence from companies within the group situated in other countries.
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Fedorov, Aleksandr V., and Mikhail V. Krichevtsev. "The History of the Development of the French Laws on Criminal Liability of Legal Entities." Russian investigator 1 (February 1, 2018): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1812-3783-2018-1-46-56.
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The article reviews the history of development of French laws on criminal liability of legal entities. The authors note that the institution of criminal liability of legal entities (collective criminal liability) dates back to the ancient times and has been forming in the French territory for a long time. Initially, it was established in the acts on collective liability residents of certain territories, in particular, in the laws of the Salian Franks. This institution was inherited from the Franks by the law of the medieval France, and got transferred from the medieval period to the French criminal law of the modern period. The article reviews the laws of King Louis XIV as an example of establishment of collective criminal liability: the Criminal Ordinance of 1670 and the Ordinances on Combating Vagrancy and Goods Smuggling of 1706 and 1711. For the first time ever, one can study the Russian translation of the collective criminal liability provisions of the said laws. The authors state that although the legal traditions of collective liability establishment were interrupted by the transformations caused by the French Revolution of 1789 to 1794, criminal liability of legal entities remained in Article 428 of the French Penal Code of 1810 as a remnant of the past and was abolished only as late as in 1957. The publication draws attention to the fact that the criminal law codification process was not finished in France, and some laws stipulating criminal liability of legal entities were in effect in addition to the French Penal Code of 1810: the Law on the Separation of Church and State of December 9, 1905; the Law of January 14, 1933; the Law on Maritime Trade of July 19, 1934; the Ordinance on Criminal Prosecution of the Press Institutions Cooperating with Enemies during World War II of May 5, 1945. The authors describe the role of the Nuremberg Trials and the documents of the Council of Europe in the establishment of the French laws on criminal liability of legal entities, in particular, Resolution (77) 28 On the Contribution of Criminal Law to the Protection of the Environment, Recommendation No. R (81) 12 On Economic Crime, the Recommendation No. R (82) 15 On the Role of Criminal Law in Consumer Protection and Recommendation No. (88) 18 of the Committee of Ministers to Member States Concerning Liability of Enterprises Having Legal Personality for Offences Committed in the Exercise of Their Activities. The authors conclude that the introduction of the institution of criminal liability of legal entities is based on objective conditions and that research of the history of establishment of the laws on collective liability is of great importance for understanding of the modern legal regulation of the issues of criminal liability of legal entities.
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"8. Frühjahrstagung (Doktorandentagung) der DPhG im Landeskulturzentrum Gut Salzau bei Kiel vom 14. bis 16. März 1996." Pharmazie in Unserer Zeit 25, no. 4 (1996): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pauz.19960250409.
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S. T, Pastory, Francis H. S, and Temu G. S. "Burgeoning of Commercial Ornamental Plant Nurseries in Dar es Salaam City: Challenge and Future Prosperity." Global Journal of Human-Social Science, March 5, 2020, 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.34257/gjhssbvol20is1pg17.
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Commercial ornamental nurseries are popping up everywhere in the city of Dar es Salaam. However, as the city urbanizes, the commercial ornamental nurseries are confronted by several challenges of which are inadequately explored and documented. This research examines challenges, problems and explains the future prospects of commercial ornamental nurseries in the city of Dar es Salaam. The study adopted the case study design where the method for data collection relied on in-depth interviews and observation. Results revealed that ornamental plant dealers face several challenges such as; unsecured land tenure, which threaten the prosperity of the commercial ornamentalnursery practices. Problems encountered are those related to plant pests, diseases management and inaccessibility of water for irrigation. On the other hand, commercial ornamental dealers get little support from the responsible city authorities in access land and management of pest and diseases. The study recommends that success of commercial ornamental nursery industry needs more support from different actors and policies together with capacity building among the commercial ornamental dealers.
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Makundi, Tumaini Meckphason, Peters Anselemo Ikoha, and Juma Kilwake. "Assessment of E-learning Technologies in Universities: Case of University of Dar Es Salaam." International Journal of Science & Technoledge, December 31, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2022/v10/i12/st2212-005.
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The universities worldwide are struggling to use e-learning technologies to solve the current situation created by pandemics. The universities in Tanzania found themselves with no option but to make use of e-learning like any other public university in the world to support students away from them. There are various e-learning technologies, and according to the various studies reviewed, universities use an amalgamation of e-learning technologies to support the teaching and learning processes. These technologies disorient the users when they want to integrate them during the teaching and learning process. The study adopted a case study design based on the University of Dar es Salaam. The study applied stratified sampling techniques to group the students based on the year of study and simple random sampling was used to get a sample of 392 based on the strata. A questionnaire was used as the tool to get data from the respondents. The findings of this paper will be essential in identifying the most effective e-learning technologies based on the preference to support the learning process.
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Kikoti, Sigfrid Kilian, and Wilfred Uronu Lameck. "The nexus between institutional framework and employee performance in Tanzania’s maritime sector." International Review of Administrative Sciences, August 2, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00208523231184617.
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Employee performance has been a critical theme which has received global attention in the mainstream literature of public sector governance. In developing countries, the need for employee performance is backed up by public dismay on declining public sector performance. Some of the causes attributed to low performance are the meagre resources allocated to the public sector and the existing formal rules and regulations which mould the behaviour of employees. So far, the existing informal social rules which also regulate the behaviour of employees have received little attention. This article is therefore set to explore the relationship between the formal institutional framework, the informal social rules and the availability of resources on one hand, and employee performance within Tanzania's maritime sector on the other. Accordingly, the study adopted a mixed approach with a case study of the Tanzania Port Authority in Dar es Salaam. To this end, a stratified simple random sampling technique was used to get a sample of 318 respondents for a questionnaire and a purposeful sampling technique was used to get a sample of 30 respondents for in-depth interviews. Quantitative data were analysed through descriptive statistics of employee performance variables and interviews were analysed through a thematic approach to get in-depth information concerning the influence of formal and informal institutions and resources on employee performance. The study found that employees’ performance behaviour at Dar es Salaam port authority is regulated by formal system such as the Open Performance Review and Appraisal System and informal channels of communication. The formal rules define the targets to be reached by each employee but the informal social rules and the resources provide the conditions to achieve the predetermined target. Points for practitioners Public managers should be aware that employee performance in the public sector is a function not only of formal rules and regulations in place but also of the availability of resources and the informal social rules which set the conditions and influence the way public officials perform their daily duties and responsibilities in the public office.
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., Paiman, Bambang H. Isnawan, Achmad F. Aziez, Subeni ., and Monsuru A. Salisu. "The Role of Agronomic Factors in Salibu Rice Cultivation." Open Agriculture Journal 16, no. 1 (February 1, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/18743315-v16-2112170.
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Background: Salibu rice cultivation is one of the technologies that have been developed in Indonesia but not continued. This technology has great potential to increase land productivity. The unsustainability of the salibu rice cultivation is due to the lower yield than the parent rice. Not many farmers are aware of the agronomic factors that can increase the growth and yield of the salibu rice. Objective: This review article aims to explore the role of agronomic factors in salibu rice cultivation. Results: The review article shows that agronomic factors play a major role in salibu rice cultivation. The soil water availability for one year could be determined by the number of stages of SR cultivation. Two weeks before and after harvesting parent rice, soil water content should be estimated in terms of field capacity. Stem cuttings as high as 3-5 cm from the soil surface at 7-8 days after harvest are the right SR cultivation methods. The fertilizer dose should be taken according to site-specific recommendations. 40% fertilization should be carried out at 14-21 days after stem cuttings, and the second at 60% at 30-40 days after stem cuttings in salibu rice cultivation. Conclusion: Among the agronomic factors that affect salibu rice cultivation are soil water availability, the time and height of stem cuttings, and the dose and time of fertilization. Three agronomic factors need to be considered and applied by farmers to get the maximum growth and yield of salibu rice.
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., Paiman, Bambang H. Isnawan, Achmad F. Aziez, Subeni ., and Monsuru A. Salisu. "The Role of Agronomic Factors in Salibu Rice Cultivation." Open Agriculture Journal 16, no. 1 (February 1, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/18743315-v16-e2112170.
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Background: Salibu rice cultivation is one of the technologies that have been developed in Indonesia but not continued. This technology has great potential to increase land productivity. The unsustainability of the salibu rice cultivation is due to the lower yield than the parent rice. Not many farmers are aware of the agronomic factors that can increase the growth and yield of the salibu rice. Objective: This review article aims to explore the role of agronomic factors in salibu rice cultivation. Results: The review article shows that agronomic factors play a major role in salibu rice cultivation. The soil water availability for one year could be determined by the number of stages of SR cultivation. Two weeks before and after harvesting parent rice, soil water content should be estimated in terms of field capacity. Stem cuttings as high as 3-5 cm from the soil surface at 7-8 days after harvest are the right SR cultivation methods. The fertilizer dose should be taken according to site-specific recommendations. 40% fertilization should be carried out at 14-21 days after stem cuttings, and the second at 60% at 30-40 days after stem cuttings in salibu rice cultivation. Conclusion: Among the agronomic factors that affect salibu rice cultivation are soil water availability, the time and height of stem cuttings, and the dose and time of fertilization. Three agronomic factors need to be considered and applied by farmers to get the maximum growth and yield of salibu rice.
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Shitindi, Sister Jeston, Yinong Zhang, and Adella Nyello. "Challenges Facing Street Children and Copying Strategies in Dodoma and Dar es Salaam Cities, Tanzania." International Journal of Social Science and Human Research 6, no. 10 (October 18, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v6-i10-39.
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This paper examines the coping strategies that were employed to curb the situation of the question of child streetism Specifically, the paper analyzes the challenges faced and coping strategies by street children. I used two major cities i.e., Dodoma City which is the Capital City, and Dar es Salaam City which is the major commercial city of Tanzania. Methodically, the study employed both qualitative methods. Instruments for data collection included participants’ interviews, key informant interviews, and document review. The findings of the study revealed that child streetism in both cities was largely promoted by both push and pull factors. Major push factors included poverty, limited family support, family violence, low education, and single parenting. In terms of coping strategies, the study found that street children in the two cities survive by using the little money they get through begging and doing other petty activities. To address this issue, the study recommends mechanisms such as providing community education on how to handle children, increasing attention on the matter from the government and other stakeholders as well as involving religious leaders.
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Lwanga, Alan, Hussein H. Mwanga, and Ezra J. Mrema. "Prevalence and risk factors for non-collision injuries among bus commuters in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." BMC Public Health 22, no. 1 (May 13, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13284-9.
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Abstract Background Migration of people from rural to urban areas has led to the increase in demand for transportation services in the cities. However, authorities have failed to cope with this problem in a consistently manner. This has led to the increase in non-collision injuries among commuters. This study aimed at investigating the prevalence and risk factors for non-collision injuries among commuters using public transport in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted in Dar es Salaam involving 290 commuters from 7 bus routes travelling to and from the city centre using public transport which are privately owned and commonly known as “daladala”. Stratified random sampling was used to sample buses based on the passenger carrying capacity (i.e. 15-24, 25-34 and 35-45 passengers). Systematic random sampling was used to get a total of three commuters from each bus for the interview. Results Lifetime prevalence of non-collision injuries was 71%, while these rates were 70 and 39% in the last 12 and 6 months, respectively. Commuters aged between 18 and 28 years experienced non-collision injuries the most (56%) in the last 12 months. Most non-collision injuries occurred on weekdays in the evening from 5:00 pm to 10:00 pm. Strong association was observed between the occurrence of non-collision injuries and commuting time between 5:00 pm to 10:00 pm (adjusted OR = 9.24; 95% CI: 2.68-19.54); boarding and disembarking (adjusted OR = 9.21; 95% CI: 3.77-25.11) and scrambling during boarding (adjusted OR = 5.03; 95% CI: 2.51-21.32). The lower limbs (adjusted OR = 8.64; 95% CI: 2.72-21.76) and the upper limbs (adjusted OR = 13.55; 95% CI: 5.32-33.21) were the most affected body parts. Conclusions This study has demonstrated high prevalence of non-collision injuries among commuters using public transport in Dar es Salaam. Travelling in the evening between 5:00 pm to 10:00 pm on the weekdays, boarding and disembarking especially when scrambling for the bus during boarding, overcrowding in the bus especially when the bus is already full with no seats available are the major risk factors for non-collision injuries.
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Mamentu, Mifta, Jeanne M. Paulus, and Edy Lengkong. "PEMBERIAN POC GAMAL TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI PADI SAWAH (Oryza sativa L.) DENGAN METODE SALIBU." EUGENIA 24, no. 1 (December 1, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.35791/eug.24.1.2018.21650.
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ABSTRACT The purpose of the research was to studied the application of gliricidia MOL on the growth and yield of lowland rice in the salibu method, and to get the best concentration of gliricidia liquid organic fertilizer (POC) on the growth and production of lowland rice. Field research has been conducted in Tababo Village, Subdistrict of Belang, district of Southeast Minahasa. The treatment in the experiment consists of one treatment factor, that were concentrations of gliricidia POC, ie : 0, 50 , 100, 150, and 200 ml/litre. The results showed that gliricidia POC have an effect on plant height, the number of grain/panicle, and the dry grain yield (GKP) / plot, but not affect the number of productive tillers and weight of 1,000 grain. The best results were achieved in gliricidia POC concentration 200 ml/litre with the highest values were: plant height was 98.93 cm; 116.420 grain/panicle; and 8.300 kg dry grain yield or equivalent to 6.92 ton/ha.Keywords : gliricidia POC, production, lowland rice, salibu method
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Kabito, Victoria. "Audit Committee Characteristics and Profitability: A Case of Listed Companies at Dar es salaam Stock Exchange." Accountancy and Business Review 13, no. 1 (March 15, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.59645/abr.v13i1.6.
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The main objective of this study was to examine the influence of Audit Committee (AC) characteristics namely AC financial expertise and AC size on the profitability of listed companies at Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange (DSE). This was an explanatory study using survey design and was guided by the agency theory. Random sampling method was used to get 14 listed companies from the population of 28 listed companies at DSE. An unbalanced panel of annual quantitative secondary data from the selected companies covering eleven years from 2008 to 2018 was used. The Random Effects regression estimation model was used and the findings showed that AC financial expertise had positive but insignificant influence on the profitability (ROA) of listed companies at DSE, while AC size had a significant negative influence on ROA. Further researches on the optimal AC size that positively enhances profitability of a listed company at DSE are recommended.
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Agustina, Hilda, Budi Indra Setiawan, Sugiyanta, Mohamad Solahudin, and Vita Ayu Kusuma Dewi. "Subsurface Evapotranspiration Irrigation System Design in System of Rice Intensification (SRI) Salibu Paddy Cultivation." Asian Journal of Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (February 24, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.24203/ajas.v10i1.6891.
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The System of Rice Intensification (SRI), a water-saving paddy cultivation system, has been implemented in Indonesia. The application of SRI can increase water productivity. The Salibu method applied to paddy cultivation can save seeds, costs, labour and increase the planting index of paddy. However, when used in other areas, the yield is reduced by up to 50 per cent from the first harvest. A combination of cultivation and water management is needed to save water and increase paddy production. The method used in this research is experimental research. The design of the irrigation system was made according to the technical design, then tested for automatic water management. The design was tested with the SRI Salibu method. The data are climate data, water level, water discharge, and water content. The climate data used are temperature and solar radiation to determine potential evapotranspiration. The results of observations of water depth, the volume of water in the system, the water content in the media, water entering the system (rain infiltration, irrigation discharge), and water leaving the system (runoff, discharge) are entered into the water balance equation (water balance). The plant coefficient value is included in the water balance equation as a plant coefficient factor multiplied by the potential evapotranspiration value. Then the plant coefficient value for each observation is optimized by reducing the error value to get the coefficient value for SRI Salibu. The results showed that the appropriate evapotranspiration irrigation system for SRI Salibu paddy cultivation is the fifth irrigation system design. The fifth irrigation system design can produce 4.7 tons/ha of paddy (SRI method) and produce SRI Salibu paddy yields of 8 tons/ha. The irrigation water for SRI paddy cultivation is 1738 litres, and the water production is 1.2 kg/m3.
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Lange, Siri, and Dorcas Mfaume. "The folk illness kimeo and “traditional” uvulectomy: an ethnomedical study of care seeking for children with cough and weakness in Dar es Salaam." Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 18, no. 1 (April 29, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13002-022-00533-9.
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Abstract Background Amputation of the uvula by lay providers, so-called “traditional uvulectomy”, is common in parts of Sub-Saharan Africa. In Tanzania, the procedure is a treatment of persistent cough, and in some areas of the country, one in three children have been cut. Previous research from Sub-Saharan Africa suggest that uvulectomy by lay providers can increase morbidity and mortality in children, but few studies have examined the cultural ideas and practices that are linked to this form of lay surgery. Methods This ethnomedical study took place in Dar es Salaam. Ten focus group discussions with a total of 43 caregivers in three different administrative districts were carried out, focusing on their perceptions of uvulectomy, the folk illness kimeo, and their experiences with taking a child for cutting. Four folk practitioners who carry out uvulectomies were interviewed individually, with a special focus on their background, and their perceptions of kimeo and uvulectomy. Results Caregivers in Dar es Salaam typically take children who suffer from cough, vomiting and weakness to a professional health provider as a first recourse. If the child does not get well relatively quickly, some start fearing that their child may suffer from the folk illness kimeo. Kimeo is perceived by some to be an acute, life-threatening illness that professional health providers are incapable of treating. Folk practitioners treat kimeo by amputating the uvula using forceps. The four interviewed practitioners had learned their skill in apprenticeship, and two of them were third generation uvula cutters. Caregivers regard the folk practitioners as experts who offer a service that is perceived as both efficient and safe. Conclusions Efforts should be made to improve the quality of professional health services for children presenting with cough, including more open communication with caregivers about the folk illness kimeo. More research is needed to establish the clinical conditions that children who are taken for uvulectomy suffer from, to what degree the practice delays professional health care for underlying illnesses like pneumonia, and the negative effects of the cutting itself.
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Chingonikaya, Emanuel E., and Farida S. Salehe. "Contribution of Law Enforcement Institutions in Protecting Street Children’s Rights in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania." Archives of Current Research International, March 29, 2019, 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/acri/2019/v17i130099.
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Tanzania is one of the countries which have ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child which means they are committed to protecting the rights of all children. Moreover, over 50% of the population of Tanzania is aged 18 years and under, the need to invest in the development and protection of children becomes more important. There is an increasing number of street children in many cities in Tanzania. The reasons for causing street children are widely known. There are law enforcement institutions for protecting children. However, it is not widely known on the contribution of these institutions in protecting street children rights. The study determined the contribution of law enforcement institutions in protecting Street children's rights. Specific objectives of the research were to examine the roles of law enforcement institutions in protecting children's rights at various levels of the society and determine the community's attitude towards violation of children’s rights. The study was conducted in Temeke and Ilala municipalities in Dar es Salaam city. A cross-sectional research design was adopted. A representative sample of 120 street children was used. Both primary and secondary data were collected. A questionnaire survey, focus group discussion, key informant interview and personal observation methods were used to collect the primary data. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) for Windows Version 12.0 was used for data analysis. Results of this study revealed that some of the street children's rights for protection were being violated by various law enforcement institutions. From the perspective of communities, many of them regarded the street children as criminals. The study concludes that many street children to get the rights for protection. From the findings, it is recommended that law enforcement institutions should not always use forces due to the notion that street children are criminals.
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Wahyuni, Sri, Zulvera Zulvera, Hery Bachrizal Tanjung, and Ernita Arif. "Hubungan Karakteristik Inovasi dan Kearifan Lokal Terhadap Keberlanjutan Penerapan Teknologi Padi Salibu di Kabupaten Tanah Datar, Sumatera Barat." Jurnal Penyuluhan 15, no. 1 (March 28, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.25015/penyuluhan.v15i1.21237.
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Salibu technology is a local wisdom of rice technology in West Sumatera which has the spirit to help widows and poor families. The sustainability of rice implementation is determined by the characteristics of farmers, innovation characteristics, and farmers' perception of local wisdom. This study aims to: (1) describe the sustainability of salibu technology in Tanah Datar, and (2) to analyze the relationship between the characteristics of rice innovation and local wisdom with the sustainability of Salibu technology in Tanah Datar. This study was designed quantitatively using survey methods and supported by qualitative data. The location of the study was chosen purposively based on the location topography: Sungai Tarab representing lowland and Batipuh representing the plateau. The results showed that Sungai Tarab and Batipuh continue the rice technology salibu, by planting back rice at each planting season, using and expanding the area of land planted with salibu rice. The sustainability of salibu technology implementation in Sungai Tarab and Batipuh is more influenced by the characteristics of innovation and local wisdom than the characteristics of farmers. Innovation of salibu rice technology understood by farmers need to be conserved, besides salibu rice technology technology can be accepted by farmers because easy and cheap, so farmers can get bigger profit.