Academic literature on the topic 'Gut microbiota, vitiligo, melanoma'
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Journal articles on the topic "Gut microbiota, vitiligo, melanoma"
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Mohamed, Asmaa, Jennifer Vella, Mary Jo Turk, and Yina H. Huang. "Dendritic cells instruct differentiation of tissue resident memory T cells in the skin to promote durable tumor immunity." Journal of Immunology 208, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2022): 57.14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.57.14.
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Abstract A subset of melanoma patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors develops vitiligo, a CD8 T cell-mediated autoimmune disease associated with improved patient survival. Using a melanoma-associated vitiligo (MAV) mouse model, CD8 tissue resident memory (TRM) T cells in vitiligo skin were found to be necessary and sufficient for durable tumor immunity. Using immunofluorescence microscopy, we found that skin TRM cells formed large aggregates with CD11c myeloid cells proximal to hair follicles. CD11c depletion resulted in TRM cell loss, revealing an unexpected requirement for continued T cell-dendritic cell (DC) interactions in TRM cell maintenance. We hypothesize that DCs provide instructive signals that are required for continued in situ maturation of CD8 TRM cells. To identify these signals, we disrupted Toll Like Receptor (TLR) signaling in DCs by ablating the MyD88 adapter protein and observed a reduction in skin TRM cell accumulation. This prompted us to explore a role for the microbiota in CD8 TRM formation. Treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics resulted in a 50% reduction in vitiligo incidence. B6 mice from vendors with microbiota differences, exhibited divergent MAV incidence, but upon cohousing or fecal transplantation, mice from both sources exhibited high MAV incidence. Collectively, these findings indicates that the gut-skin microbiota axis plays a critical role in generating tumor protective TRM cells. Future studies seek to identify microbial antigens responsible for promoting TRM differentiation. Supported by T32-AI007363 P30-CA023108
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Akhtar, S., E. Dellacecca, V. Engelhard, K. Knight, and C. Le Poole. "828 Dysbiosis of gut microbiota by ampicillin exacerbates vitiligo." Journal of Investigative Dermatology 137, no. 5 (May 2017): S142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2017.02.853.
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Vujkovic-Cvijin, Ivan, Maria Wei, Nicholas P. Restifo, and Yasmine Belkaid. "Role for skin-associated microbiota in development of endogenous anti-melanocyte immunity in vitiligo." Journal of Immunology 198, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2017): 58.14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.58.14.
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Abstract Despite major advances in immunotherapeutic approaches designed to bolster endogenous immune responses against tumors, metastatic melanoma remains associated with high mortality and rapid progression. Development of novel approaches toward enhancing endogenous immune responses against melanoma constitutes a critical step toward the management of disease. Of note, initiating immune responses against non-mutated melanocyte-specific protein antigens has shown efficacy in augmenting immunotherapies. Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease characterized by immune-mediated destruction of melanocytes, though the etiology of this disease remains poorly understood. Microbes have been recently found to have a profound effect on immune processes of the skin, including those that are associated with vitiligo progression. Identifying skin-resident microbes that initiate or exacerbate anti-melanocyte immunity, as well as the precise pathways that mediate these processes, may provide a novel framework for the development of immunotherapies to augment anti-tumor immune responses and efficacy of existing therapies. Thus, we have recruited a cohort of individuals with vitiligo and profiled their skin microbiomes at various body sites. We have found that vitiligo subjects harbor a skin microbiota that is unique from healthy subjects, and have isolated numerous vitiligo-associated bacteria. Furthermore, we have adapted a mouse model of vitiligo to understand mechanisms of host-microbiome interactions in this setting. Interrogation of this host-microbiome relationship may lead to the identification of novel targets and pathways by which to treat vitiligo and augment melanoma immunotherapies.
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Frankel, Arthur E., Kenya Honda, Bruce Roberts, Rose Szabady, Amit Reddy, Johnny Lightcap, Steve McClellan, Sachin Kumar Deshmukh, and Andrew Y. Koh. "Precision probiotic therapy enhances immune checkpoint therapy efficacy in melanoma bearing mice." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): e14195-e14195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e14195.
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e14195 Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, ICT, achieves remissions in melanoma patients but factors modulating response are not well defined. Our group (Frankel et al. Neoplasia 2017) and others have identified specific gut microbiota associated with improved ICT response. Recently, we identified specific gut microbiota that induce adaptive immune responses and potentiate ICT (Tanoue et al. Nature 2019). In this study, we determined whether this predefined consortia of gut microbiota augment ICT efficacy in melanoma bearing mice. Methods: Mice (C57BL/6, 6-8wk old, female, Jackson, n = 4-12 mice) received ± antibiotic water (penicillin G 1500U/mL + streptomycin 2mg/mL) for 6 d to deplete gut microbiota. Mice were then inoculated with 105 B16F10 melanoma cells SQ. At d 4, 8, 12 post-tumor inoculation, 0.2 mg anti-mCTLA4 + anti-mPD1 antibodies (Bio X Cell) were administered IP. Precision probiotic therapies included Vedanta Bioscience VE800 (Tanoue et al., Nature 2019), VE804 (same as VE800 without R. lactatiformans and F. ulcerans), VE411 (four Clostridial firmicutes) (Narushima, 2014), and Lactobacillus acidophilus (ATCC 4356) probiotics were given via gavage (1x109 cfu) starting day +1 after tumor inoculation and 3xwkly. Loss of survival was defined as death or tumor diameters ≥ 2 cm. Tumor growth inhibition, TGI = (1- mean treated tumor volume/mean control tumor volume) x 100%. Tumor mononuclear cells were isolated for flow cytometry for murine CD4, CD8, and CD11c. Results: TGI in mice with intact gut microbiota and treated with ICT was 84 ± 4% (SEM). Pre-treatment antibiotics reduced TGI to 38 ± 11%. Groups treated with Vedanta VE800, VE804, and VE411 exhibited TGIs of 77 ± 9, 61 ± 8, and 69%, respectively, whereas treatment with Lactobacillus acidophilus achieved TGIs 57%. VE800 treated mice had significantly increased length of survival compared to mice treated with antibiotics (p = 0.0008, log-rank test). Length of survival was not significantly different between groups with intact gut microbiota and those pretreated with antibiotics and dosed with VE800 (p = 0.52, log-rank test). ICT increased tumor CD4 cells to 11% from 2% and CD8 cells to 9% from 1%., however pre-treatment with antibiotics reduced CD4 cells to 4% and CD8 cells to 1%. Conclusions: Defined consortia of gut microbiota facilitate ICT efficacy. These preclinical studies lay the foundation for optimizing the host response to ICT.
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Pietrzak, Bernadeta, Katarzyna Tomela, Agnieszka Olejnik-Schmidt, Łukasz Galus, Jacek Mackiewicz, Mariusz Kaczmarek, Andrzej Mackiewicz, and Marcin Schmidt. "A Clinical Outcome of the Anti-PD-1 Therapy of Melanoma in Polish Patients Is Mediated by Population-Specific Gut Microbiome Composition." Cancers 14, no. 21 (October 31, 2022): 5369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14215369.
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The gut microbiota is considered a key player modulating the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. The study investigated the association between the response to anti-PD-1 therapy and the baseline gut microbiome in a Polish cohort of melanoma patients, alongside selected agents modifying the microbiome. Sixty-four melanoma patients enrolled for the anti-PD-1 therapy, and ten healthy subjects were recruited. The response to the treatment was assessed according to the response evaluation criteria in solid tumors, and patients were classified as responders or non-responders. The association between selected extrinsic factors and response was investigated using questionnaire-based analysis and the metataxonomics of the microbiota. In the responders, the Bacteroidota to Firmicutes ratio was higher, and the richness was decreased. The abundance of Prevotella copri and Bacteroides uniformis was related to the response, whereas the non-responders’ gut microbiota was enriched with Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Desulfovibrio intestinalis and some unclassified Firmicutes. Dietary patterns, including plant, dairy, and fat consumption as well as gastrointestinal tract functioning were significantly associated with the therapeutic effects of the therapy. The specific gut microbiota along with diet were found to be associated with the response to the therapy in the population of melanoma patients.
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Oh, Byeongsang, Frances Boyle, Nick Pavlakis, Stephen Clarke, Thomas Eade, George Hruby, Gillian Lamoury, et al. "The Gut Microbiome and Cancer Immunotherapy: Can We Use the Gut Microbiome as a Predictive Biomarker for Clinical Response in Cancer Immunotherapy?" Cancers 13, no. 19 (September 27, 2021): 4824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13194824.
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Background: Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota influences the clinical response to immunotherapy. This review of clinical studies examines the relationship between gut microbiota and immunotherapy outcomes. Method: A literature search was conducted in electronic databases Medline, PubMed and ScienceDirect, with searches for “cancer” and “immunotherapy/immune checkpoint inhibitor” and “microbiome/microbiota” and/or “fecal microbiome transplant FMT”. The relevant literature was selected for this article. Results: Ten studies examined patients diagnosed with advanced metastatic melanoma (n = 6), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (n = 2), non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) (n = 1) and one study examined combination both NSCLC and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) (n = 1). These studies consistently reported that the gut microbiome profile prior to administering immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) was related to clinical response as measured by progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Two studies reported that a low abundance of Bacteroidetes was associated with colitis. Two studies showed that patients with anti-PD-1 refractory metastatic melanoma experienced improved response rates and no added toxicity when receiving fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) from patients with anti-PD-1 responsive disease. Conclusions: Overall, significant differences in the diversity and composition of the gut microbiome were identified in ICIs responders and non-responders. Our findings provide new insights into the value of assessing the gut microbiome in immunotherapy. Further robust randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the modulatory effects of the gut microbiome and FMT on ICIs in patients not responding to immunotherapy are warranted.
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Frankel, Arthur E., Thomas W. Froehlich, Jiwoong Kim, Laura A. Coughlin, Yang Xie, Eugene P. Frenkel, and Andrew Y. Koh. "Metagenomic shotgun sequencing to identify specific human gut microbes associated with immune checkpoint therapy efficacy in melanoma patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): 9516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.9516.
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9516 Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, ICT, achieves durable remissions in 30-50% of patients (pts) with metastatic melanoma (Larkin et al. NEJM 2015). It is still unclear what host factors modulate response to ICT. Preclinical mouse studies with B16 melanoma demonstrated that ICT response was dependent on the presence of specific commensal gut bacteria (Vetizou et al. Science 2015; Sivan et al. Science2015). These specific gut bacteria induced the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) and T-cells needed for effective ICT. We sought to determine whether specific gut microbiota are associated with improved response to ICT in melanoma patients. Methods: 37 melanoma pts treated with ICT (nivolumab plus ipilimumab or pembrolizumab alone) at UTSW Medical Center were enrolled. Fecal samples were collected prior to ICT. Genomic DNA was extracted, and metagenomic shotgun sequencing (MSS) performed on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 PE-100. Taxonomic (MetaPhlAn) and functional (HUMAnN) analysis was performed on MSS data. Disease status was assessed by CT scans and physical exams every two months. Results: Among the 23 evaluable pts, 8 were classified as RECIST responders, 5 with stable disease and 10 with progression. RECIST responder microbiomes were significantly enriched with Methanobrevibacter smithii(p = 0.03; LDA coupled with effect size measurements, LEfSe; Kruskal-Wallis test) , Bacteroides thetaiotamicron(p = 0.03) , Lactobacillus plantarum(p = 0.04), and Eubacterium limosum(p = 0.01) compared to those with progressive disease. Conclusions: MSS identified 4 specific gut microbiota associated with improved response to ICT therapy in melanoma pts. All of these bacteria have been shown to modulate host immune response (Bang PLoS One 2014; Hickey Cell Host Microbe 2016; Rigaux Allergy 2009; Kaunachi World J Gastroentertol 2006). To gain mechanistic insight and confirm causality, shotgun metabolomics on the same fecal specimens used for MSS, in vitroimmune cell assays using the gut microbiota identified, and preclinical modeling in a mouse melanoma model with ICT are underway. These studies may lay the foundation for optimizing the host response to ICT.
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Youngster, Ilan, Erez Baruch, Lior Katz, Adi Lahat, Tal Brosh-Nissimov, Jacob Schachter, Omry Koren, Gal Markel, and Ben Boursi. "90. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Metastatic Melanoma Patients Resistant to Anti-PD-1 Treatment." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz359.014.
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Abstract Background Most metastatic melanoma patients treated with Programed cell Death (PD)-1 blockers fail to achieve a durable response. The gut microbiota profoundly affects host immunity, and fecal microbiota transplantations (FMT) have been shown to enhance anti-PD-1 effectiveness in murine models. We report initial safety and efficacy results from the first patients treated in a Phase I study of FMT and re-induction anti-PD-1 therapy in anti-PD-1 refractory metastatic melanoma. Methods FMT donors were two metastatic melanoma patients who achieved a durable complete response to treatment. FMT recipients were metastatic melanoma patients who failed at least one anti-PD-1 line of treatment. FMT was conducted by both colonoscopic and oral administration, followed by anti-PD-1 re-treatment. Each recipient underwent pre- and post-treatment stool sampling, tissue biopsy of both gut and tumor, and total body imaging. Results Five patients with treatment-resistant metastatic melanoma were recruited. No FMT-related or immunotherapy-related adverse events were observed. To assess engraftment of the new microbiota, recipients were paired with their respective donors and stool 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis was performed. Sequencing results demonstrated post-FMT compositional dissimilarity (Unweighted UniFrac, P = 0.04, FDR q = 0.22) between the two recipient–donor groups. Specific taxonomic dynamics included post-FMT increased abundance of Paraprevotellaceae, previously associated in descriptive studies with responsiveness to treatment, and significant reductions in abundance of β-proteobacteria, previously associated with reduced response to treatment. Immunohistochemical stains of biopsies demonstrated an increased post-FMT infiltration of antigen presenting cells (CD68+) in the gut (paired T-test, P = 0.008) and in the tumor (P = 0.0076). Post-treatment intra-tumoral CD8+ T-cell infiltration was also increased. Three patients had a partial or complete response to treatment post-FMT. Conclusion FMT in metastatic melanoma patients seems to be safe and may alter recipient gut microbiota to resemble that of a responder donor. This alteration may result in intra-tumoral T-cell activity, and conferred clinical and radiological benefit in several recipients previously unresponsive to treatment. Disclosures All Authors: No reported Disclosures.
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Spencer, Christine N., Jennifer L. McQuade, Vancheswaran Gopalakrishnan, John A. McCulloch, Marie Vetizou, Alexandria P. Cogdill, Md A. Wadud Khan, et al. "Dietary fiber and probiotics influence the gut microbiome and melanoma immunotherapy response." Science 374, no. 6575 (December 24, 2021): 1632–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz7015.
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Another benefit of dietary fiber The gut microbiome can modulate the immune system and influence the therapeutic response of cancer patients, yet the mechanisms underlying the effects of microbiota are presently unclear. Spencer et al . add to our understanding of how dietary habits affect microbiota and clinical outcomes to immunotherapy. In an observational study, the researchers found that melanoma patients reporting high fiber (prebiotic) consumption had a better response to checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy compared with those patients reporting a low-fiber diet. The most marked benefit was observed for those patients reporting a combination of high fiber consumption and no use of over-the-counter probiotic supplements. These findings provide early insights as to how diet-related factors may influence the immune response. —PNK
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Guardamagna, Mora, Miguel-Angel Berciano-Guerrero, Beatriz Villaescusa-González, Elisabeth Perez-Ruiz, Javier Oliver, Rocío Lavado-Valenzuela, Antonio Rueda-Dominguez, Isabel Barragán, and María Isabel Queipo-Ortuño. "Gut Microbiota and Therapy in Metastatic Melanoma: Focus on MAPK Pathway Inhibition." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 19 (October 9, 2022): 11990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911990.
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Gut microbiome (GM) and its either pro-tumorigenic or anti-tumorigenic role is intriguing and constitutes an evolving landscape in translational oncology. It has been suggested that these microorganisms may be involved in carcinogenesis, cancer treatment response and resistance, as well as predisposition to adverse effects. In melanoma patients, one of the most immunogenic cancers, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and MAPK-targeted therapy—BRAF/MEK inhibitors—have revolutionized prognosis, and the study of the microbiome as a modulating factor is thus appealing. Although BRAF/MEK inhibitors constitute one of the main backbones of treatment in melanoma, little is known about their impact on GM and how this might correlate with immune re-induction. On the contrary, ICI and their relationship to GM has become an interesting field of research due to the already-known impact of immunotherapy in modulating the immune system. Immune reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment has been established as one of the main targets of microbiome, since it can induce immunosuppressive phenotypes, promote inflammatory responses or conduct anti-tumor responses. As a result, ongoing clinical trials are evaluating the role of fecal microbiota transplant (FMT), as well as the impact of using dietary supplements, antibiotics and probiotics in the prediction of response to therapy. In this review, we provide an overview of GM’s link to cancer, its relationship with the immune system and how this may impact response to treatments in melanoma patients. We also discuss insights about novel therapeutic approaches including FMT, changes in diet and use of probiotics, prebiotics and symbiotics. Finally, we hypothesize on the possible pathways through which GM may impact anti-tumor efficacy in melanoma patients treated with targeted therapy, an appealing subject of which little is known.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gut microbiota, vitiligo, melanoma"
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TRIPODI, LORELLA. "INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA IS A MAJOR DETERMINANT IN THE RESPONSE TO ONCOLYTIC VACCINE IN A MOUSE MODEL OF MELANOMA." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/884815.
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Cancer immunotherapy has achieved tremendous results, however the outcome of therapies
targeting immune inhibitory pathways, specifically CTLA-4 and the axis between programmed cell
death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand 1 (PD-L1) has many genetic and environmental sources of
variability. Many studies demonstrated the influence of gut microbiome on immune checkpoint
inhibitors (ICIs) outcome. Besides ICIs, oncolytic vaccines (OVs) are a promising therapeutic
alternative in cancer immunotherapy with possible relevant contribution to treatment of several
types of tumors; OVs are, in fact, able to convert immunologically “cold” tumors into “hot” ones.
OVs represent an optimum candidate to combine with ICIs, increasing their response blockade both
in immunogenic and poorly immunogenic tumors. We hypothesized that manipulation of intestinal
gut microbiota could also affect OVs therapeutic efficacy; at this aim, we determined whether
efficacy of the oncolytic adenovirus Ad5D24-CpG (Ad-CpG) therapy could be affected by the gut
microbiome in a syngeneic mouse model of melanoma. Sterilization of the gut microbiota with highdose vancomycin impaired efficacy of Ad-CpG therapy, reducing the tumor-infiltrating IFN-gamma
CD8 T-cell. Cohousing mice pre-treated with vancomycin and a control group, with consequent
microbiota restoration, prior to treatment with Ad-CpG, ablated the negative effect of antibiotic,
confirming that Ad-CpG-reduced efficacy was mediated by the intestinal microbiota.
Considering the ability of Bifidobacterium as a positive regulator of antitumor immunity in vivo, by
promoting pro-inflammatory signals in innate immune cells, we evaluated tumor regression in
syngeneic mouse model of melanoma treated with a combination of Ad-CpG and Bifidobacterium
spp. cocktail. The group receiving the combined regimen showed the best tumor control and an
enrichment of bacteria belong to Firmicutes phylum, evaluated by fecal microbiome profiling by 16S
rRNA. Our data indicates that gut microbiota affects the immune responses elicited by oncolytic
adenovirus Ad-CpG and Bifidobacterium supplementations maximize its activity.
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Colucci, Roberta. "EVALUATION OF GUT MICROBIOTA IN MELANOMA AND VITILIGO PATIENTS." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1120865.
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Several investigations have disclosed the association of gut dysbiosis with cancer development and pointed out the active role of a specific gut microbial signature in strongly regulating anticancer immune surveillance. A plethora of evidences also reveal a gut dysbiosis in patients affected by autoimmune disorders and suggest that microbes inhabiting the human gastrointestinal tract can modulate both innate and adaptive systemic immune responses. Achromic macules resembling vitiligo (an autoimmune disorder) (melanoma associated leukoderma, MAL), sometimes occur in melanoma patients because of an autoimmune response toward melanoma antigens shared by normal melanocytes and are significantly associated with a better prognosis in advanced stages. No studies have been performed so far to evaluate bacterial and fungal gut microbiota composition in early melanoma patients, whereas only two studies assessed gut bacterial microbiota in advanced melanoma patients treated with immunological targeted therapy. As well, nothing is known about gut microbiota composition in patients developing MAL or vitiligo, neither at bacterial nor at fungal level. Aim of this study is to evaluate bacterial and fungal gut microbiota in melanoma patients and to compare such a microbiota with the one in patients affected by MAL or vitiligo. Since MAL is a rarely observed event, we could select as a comparison only vitiligo patients at present. Gut microbiota composition was investigated through next generation sequencing targeting bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal ITS in a group of patients affected by melanoma, vitiligo and properly matched healthy controls. Furthermore, this study evaluates possible associations between gut microbiota composition of melanoma and vitiligo patients and clinical and histopathological features of melanoma, or clinical, historical and serological features of vitiligo. In addition, a classical culture approach aiming to isolate fungi of melanoma faecal samples has been performed along with the metagenomic evaluation.
Our results pointed out significant differences in the richness and relative abundance species of melanoma and vitiligo fungal gut microbiota, as compared to healthy controls. No significant difference in the richness and diversity was found on the contrary as regards to the bacterial microbiota. However, significant differences in the relative abundance of bacteria were observed between melanoma, vitiligo, and controls. Interestingly, the diversity of bacterial and fungal species was found to be influenced by specific prognostic histopathologic features of melanoma and clinical parameters of vitiligo. Overall, the results of this thesis underline the importance of fungal and bacterial evaluation in melanoma and vitiligo patients and suggest the need of future more in-depth evaluation aiming to identify possible therapeutic options.
Book chapters on the topic "Gut microbiota, vitiligo, melanoma"
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Medhi, Jinu, and Mohan Chandra Kalita. "Nut Phytonutrients for Healthy Gut: Prebiotic Potential." In Nuts and Nut Products in Human Health and Nutrition [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94864.
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Nuts are a combination of prebiotic fiber and phytonutrients and have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects. According to 2005 “My Pyramid” it has been grouped with the meat and bean group. Bioactive compounds of nuts such as resveratrol, phytosterols, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and carotenoids display synergistic effects on preventing many age related pathologies. Resveratrol has been reported to extend the lifespan in model organisms such as yeast, Drosophila and mouse. Reports propose nuts as the best substitute for red meat to reduce mortality risk. Macadamia nuts with a rich source of monounsaturated fats (oleic and palmitoleic acids) imparts cholesterol lowering effects thereby preventing coronary artery disease. Anacardic acid, a phenolic lipid found in cashew nut shells, is specifically enriched in metastatic melanoma patients in response to immunotherapy. The non-bio-accessible materials of nuts serve as a substrate for human gut microbiota. Regular Walnut enriched diet improves lipid content and enhances probiotic and butyrate producing bacteria composition in healthy individuals. This also reduces cardiovascular risk factors by promoting beneficial bacteria. Gut microbiota diversity studies report an enrichment with genera capable of producing short chain fatty acids (SCFA) following consumption of nuts. The prebiotic effect of nuts can be partly from refining butyrate producing bacteria composition. Hence an optimized diet rich with nuts can be an intervention for promoting a healthy microbiota population and thereby improving overall physiology.
Conference papers on the topic "Gut microbiota, vitiligo, melanoma"
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Macandog, Angeli Dominique, Carlotta Catozzi, Ester Cassano, Sara Gandini, Pier Francesco Ferrucci, Emilia Cocorocchio, Teresa Manzo, and Luigi Nezi. "Abstract P073: Gut microbiota shift in melanoma patients undergoing immunotherapy is associated with clinical response." In Abstracts: AACR Virtual Special Conference: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; October 5-6, 2021. American Association for Cancer Research, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/2326-6074.tumimm21-p073.
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