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Journal articles on the topic 'Gust Enhancement'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Jian, Jun, Jinhai Chen, and Peter J. Webster. "Enhancement of Cruise Boat Resilience to Strong Convective Gusts with Global Model Cumulus Variable Prediction." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 8 (August 13, 2023): 1588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11081588.

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Ship pilots and maritime safety administration have an urgent need for more accurate and earlier warnings for strong wind gusts. This study firstly investigated the “Oriental Star” cruise ship capsizing event in 2015, one of the deadliest shipwreck events in recent years, and explored all related hydro-meteorological components in a global mesoscale model. It was found that rather than the missing signal in raw surface-wind prediction, the cumulus precipitation variable (CP) increased dramatically during the accident occurrence, which significantly corresponds to a sub-grid strong wind gust. The effective lead time could be extended from 24 h (deterministic model) to 48 h (ensemble model). This finding was then verified in another two recent deadly cruise boat accidents. The introduction of the new variable aims to improve the current maritime safeguard system in predicting sub-grid strong wind gusts for small-sized cruise boats offshore and in inland rivers. Finally, an automatic response system was developed to provide economical convection prediction via INMARSAT email communication, aiming to explore operational severe convective gust early warning and appropriate numerical mesoscale model applications.

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2

Bruce Ralphin Rose, J., and Gr Jinu. "Gust Induced Aerodynamic Force Prediction on a Transport Wing Using Quasi-Steady Approximation." International Journal of Computational Methods 12, no. 06 (December 2015): 1550034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219876215500346.

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The atmospheric wind turbulence over a specified time period has a strong influence on the airplane performance characteristics. Forecasting of this unsteady aerodynamic phenomenon is complex one for designing the control systems to ensure the structural safety. A novel approach is developed to assess the influence of a gust structure on the aerodynamic coefficients of an airplane. The load factor enhancement because of the discrete gust is also quantified to ensure the safety margin. The Kussner’s function is used to determine the time varying increment of gust-dependent lift produced on an airplane wing entering a sharp-edged gust. A most general gust shape is assumed for the present study with quasi-steady approximation. The turbulent viscosity across the chord wise positions are quantified to calculate the velocity fluctuations because of eddies. Determining the gust influence on the fundamental lift and drag characteristics of a commercial airplane is focused in the present investigation. It is accomplished with the help of Wagner’s function in the time domain for the gust response-dependent lift. The outcome of the numerical simulation process is fully verified using the theoretical and experimental results. Solution convergence is attained for a range of input conditions and it shows that the proposed methodology is competent to assess the gust response for various airplane systems design.

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3

Yunus, A. M. Shiddiq, Ahmed Abu-Siada, Mohammad A. S. Masoum, Mohamed F. El-Naggar, and Jian Xun Jin. "Enhancement of DFIG LVRT Capability During Extreme Short-Wind Gust Events Using SMES Technology." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 47264–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2978909.

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4

Sun, Hao, Haoliang Wang, Jing Yang, Yingting Zeng, Qilin Zhang, Yubao Liu, Jiaying Gu, and Shiye Huang. "Improving Forecast of Severe Oceanic Mesoscale Convective Systems Using FY-4A Lightning Data Assimilation with WRF-FDDA." Remote Sensing 14, no. 9 (April 19, 2022): 1965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14091965.

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The Fengyun-4A (FY-4A) geostationary satellite carries the Lightning Mapping Imager that measures total lightning rate of convective systems from space at high spatial and temporal resolutions. In this study, the performance of FY-4A lightning data assimilation (LDA) on the forecast of non-typhoon oceanic mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) is investigated by using an LDA method implemented in the Weather Research and Forecasting-Four Dimensional Data Assimilation (WRF-FDDA). With the LDA scheme, three-dimensional graupel mixing ratio fields retrieved from the FY-4A lightning data and the corresponding latent heating rates are assimilated into the Weather Research and Forecasting model via nudging terms. Two oceanic MCS cases over the South China Sea were selected to perform the study. The subjective evaluation results demonstrate that most of the oceanic convective cells missed by the control experiments are recovered in the analysis period by assimilating FY-4A lightning data, due to the promoted updrafts by latent-heat nudging, the more accurate and faster simulations of the cold pools, and the associated gust-fronts at the observed lightning locations. The cold pools and gust-fronts generated during the analysis period helped to maintain the development of the MCSs, and reduced the morphology and displacement errors of the simulations in the short-term forecast periods. The quantitative evaluation indicates that the most effective periods of the LDA for simulation enhancement were at the analysis time and the nowcasting (0–2 h forecast) periods.

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5

Alattar, Alhassan H., S. I. Selem, Hamid M. B. Metwally, Ahmed Ibrahim, Raef Aboelsaud, Mohamed A. Tolba, and Ali M. El-Rifaie. "Performance Enhancement of Micro Grid System with SMES Storage System Based on Mine Blast Optimization Algorithm." Energies 12, no. 16 (August 13, 2019): 3110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12163110.

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Frequency control represents a critically significant issue for the enhancement of the dynamic performance of isolated micro grids. The micro grid system studied here was a wind–diesel system. A new and robust optimization technique called the mine blast algorithm (MBA) was designed for tuning the PID (proportional–integral–differential) gains of the blade pitch controller of the wind turbine side and the gains of the superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) controller. SMES was implemented to release and absorb active power quickly in order to achieve a balance between generation and load power, and thereby control system frequency. The minimization of frequency and output wind power deviations were considered as objective functions for the PID controller of the wind turbine, and the diesel frequency and power deviations were used as objective functions for optimizing the SMES controller gains. Different case studies were considered by applying disturbances in input wind, load power, and wind gust, and sensitivity analysis was conducted by applying harsh conditions with varying fluid coupling parameter of the wind–diesel hybrid system. The proposed MBA–SMES was compared with MBA (tuned PID pitch controller) and classical PI control systems in the Matlab environment. Simulation results showed that the MBA–SMES scheme damped the oscillations in the system output responses and improved the system performance by reducing the overshoot by 75% and 36% from classical and MBA-based systems, respectively, reduced the settling time by 45% compared to other systems, and set the final steady-state error of the frequency deviation to zero compared to other systems. The proposed scheme was extremely robust to disturbances and parameter variations.

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6

Mahoney, Kelly M., Gary M. Lackmann, and Matthew D. Parker. "The Role of Momentum Transport in the Motion of a Quasi-Idealized Mesoscale Convective System." Monthly Weather Review 137, no. 10 (October 1, 2009): 3316–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009mwr2895.1.

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Abstract Momentum transport is examined in a simulated midlatitude mesoscale convective system (MCS) to investigate its contribution to MCS motion. Momentum budgets are computed using model output to quantify the role of specific processes in determining the low-level wind field in the system’s surface-based cold pool. Results show that toward the leading convective line of the MCS and near the leading edge of the cold pool, the momentum field is most strongly determined by the vertical advection of the storm-induced perturbation wind. Across the middle rear of the system, the wind field is largely a product of the pressure gradient acceleration and, to a lesser extent, the vertical advection of the background environmental (i.e., base state) wind. The relative magnitudes of the vertical advection terms in an Eulerian momentum budget suggest that, for gust-front-driven systems, downward momentum transport by the MCS is a significant driver of MCS motion and potentially severe surface winds. Results further illustrate that the contribution of momentum transport to MCS speed occurs mainly via the enhancement of the cold pool propagation speed as higher-momentum air from aloft is transported into the surface-based cold pool.

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7

Letkewicz, Casey E., and Matthew D. Parker. "Impact of Environmental Variations on Simulated Squall Lines Interacting with Terrain." Monthly Weather Review 139, no. 10 (October 1, 2011): 3163–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011mwr3635.1.

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Abstract The complex evolution of convective systems crossing (or attempting to cross) mountainous terrain represents a substantial forecasting challenge. This study examines the processes associated with environments of “crossing” squall lines (which were able to redevelop strong convection in the lee of a mountain barrier) and “noncrossing” squall lines (which were not able to redevelop strong convection downstream of the barrier). In particular, numerical simulations of mature convective systems crossing idealized terrain roughly approximating the Appalachian Mountains were used to test the first-order impact of variations in the vertical wind profile upon system maintenance. By itself, the wind profile showed no ability to uniquely discriminate between simulated crossing and noncrossing squall lines; each test revealed a similar pattern of orographic enhancement, suppression, and lee reinvigoration in which a hydraulic jump deepened the system’s cold pool and renewed the low-level lifting. Increasing the mean wind led to greater enhancement of vertical velocities on the windward side of the barrier and greater suppression on the lee side. Variations in the low-level shear influenced the temperature and depth of the outflow, which in turn altered the lifting along the system’s gust front. However, in all of the wind profile tests, convection redeveloped in the lee. Additional simulations explored more marginal environments in which idealized low-level cooling or drying stabilized the downstream environment. In most such tests, the systems weakened but the presence of CAPE aloft still enabled the systems to survive in the lee. However, the combination of a stronger mean wind with diminished CAPE and increased convective inhibition (CIN) was ultimately found to eliminate downstream redevelopment and produce a noncrossing mesoscale convective system (MCS). Within these experiments, the ability of a squall line to cross a barrier similar to the Appalachians is primarily tied to the characteristics of the downstream thermodynamic environment; however, as the lee thermodynamic environment becomes less favorable, the mean wind exerts a greater influence on system intensity and redevelopment.

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8

Lin, Fangjun, Yan Liu, Trina Rudeski-Rohr, Naima Dahir, Ashley Calder, and Timothy A. Gilbertson. "Adiponectin Enhances Fatty Acid Signaling in Human Taste Cells by Increasing Surface Expression of CD36." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 6 (March 18, 2023): 5801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065801.

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Adiponectin, a key metabolic hormone, is secreted into the circulation by fat cells where it enhances insulin sensitivity and stimulates glucose and fatty acid metabolism. Adiponectin receptors are highly expressed in the taste system; however, their effects and mechanisms of action in the modulation of gustatory function remain unclear. We utilized an immortalized human fungiform taste cell line (HuFF) to investigate the effect of AdipoRon, an adiponectin receptor agonist, on fatty acid-induced calcium responses. We showed that the fat taste receptors (CD36 and GPR120) and taste signaling molecules (Gα-gust, PLCβ2, and TRPM5) were expressed in HuFF cells. Calcium imaging studies showed that linoleic acid induced a dose-dependent calcium response in HuFF cells, and it was significantly reduced by the antagonists of CD36, GPR120, PLCβ2, and TRPM5. AdipoRon administration enhanced HuFF cell responses to fatty acids but not to a mixture of sweet, bitter, and umami tastants. This enhancement was inhibited by an irreversible CD36 antagonist and by an AMPK inhibitor but was not affected by a GPR120 antagonist. AdipoRon increased the phosphorylation of AMPK and the translocation of CD36 to the cell surface, which was eliminated by blocking AMPK. These results indicate that AdipoRon acts to increase cell surface CD36 in HuFF cells to selectively enhance their responses to fatty acids. This, in turn, is consistent with the ability of adiponectin receptor activity to alter taste cues associated with dietary fat intake.

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9

Frame, Jeffrey, and Paul Markowski. "The Interaction of Simulated Squall Lines with Idealized Mountain Ridges." Monthly Weather Review 134, no. 7 (July 1, 2006): 1919–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr3157.1.

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Abstract Numerical simulations of squall lines traversing sinusoidal mountain ridges are performed using the Advanced Regional Prediction System cloud-resolving model. Precipitation and updraft strength are enhanced through orographic ascent as a squall line approaches a ridge. The simulated squall line then weakens as it descends the ridge because some of the cold pool is blocked by the terrain, resulting in less lift along the gust front and weaker convective cells. The flow within the cold pool accelerates slightly and the depth of the cold air decreases owing to upstream blocking, transitioning the flow in the cold pool head from subcritical to supercritical, then back to subcritical at the bottom of the ridge. A hydraulic jump forms when the flow transitions the second time, enabling the development of a new convective line downwind of the mountain. These new updrafts grow and eventually replace the older updrafts that weakened during descent. This process results in the discrete propagation of a squall line just downstream of a ridge, resulting in the formation of rain shadows downstream from topographic features. Discrete propagation only occurs if a ridge is of sufficient height, however. This replacement process repeats itself if a squall line encounters multiple ridges. The risk of damaging winds from a squall line is greater on the lee side of ridges and on the top of high ridges. These terrain-forced intensity fluctuations increase with mountain height, because the higher terrain permits even less cold air to flow over it. A wider ridge results in a more gradual orographic enhancement and downslope-induced weakening.

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10

Lee, S. S., L. J. Donner, and J. E. Penner. "Thunderstorm and stratocumulus: how does their contrasting morphology affect their interactions with aerosols?" Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 2 (February 12, 2010): 4305–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-4305-2010.

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Abstract. It is well-known that aerosols affect clouds and that the effect of aerosols on clouds is critical for understanding human-induced climate change. Most climate model studies have focused on the effect of aerosols on warm stratiform clouds (e.g., stratocumulus clouds) for the prediction of climate change. However, systems like the Asian and Indian Monsoon, storm tracks, and the intertropical convergence zone, play important roles in the global hydrological cycle and in the circulation of energy and are driven by thunderstorm-type convective clouds. Here, we show that the different morphologies of these two cloud types lead to different aerosol-cloud interactions. Increasing aerosols are known to suppress the conversion of droplets to rain (i.e., so-called autoconversion). This increases droplets as a source of evaporative cooling, leading to an increased intensity of downdrafts. The acceleration of the intensity of downdrafts is larger in convective clouds due to their larger cloud depths (providing longer paths for downdrafts to follow to the surface) than in stratiform clouds. More accelerated downdrafts intensify the gust front, leading to significantly increased updrafts, condensation and thus the collection of cloud liquid by precipitation, which offsets the suppressed autoconversion. This leads to an enhancement of precipitation with increased aerosols in convective clouds. However, the downdrafts are less accelerated in stratiform clouds due to their smaller cloud depths, and they are not able to induce changes in updrafts as large as those in convective clouds. Thus, the offset is not as effective, and this allows the suppression of precipitation with increased aerosols. Thus aerosols affect these cloud systems differently. The dependence of the effect of aerosols on clouds on the morphology of clouds should be taken into account for a more complete assessment of climate change.

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11

Lee, S. S., L. J. Donner, and J. E. Penner. "Thunderstorm and stratocumulus: how does their contrasting morphology affect their interactions with aerosols?" Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 14 (July 23, 2010): 6819–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-6819-2010.

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Abstract. It is well-known that aerosols affect clouds and that the effect of aerosols on clouds is critical for understanding human-induced climate change. Most climate model studies have focused on the effect of aerosols on warm stratiform clouds (e.g., stratocumulus clouds) for the prediction of climate change. However, systems like the Asian and Indian Monsoon, storm tracks, and the intertropical convergence zone, play important roles in the global hydrological cycle and in the circulation of energy and are driven by thunderstorm-type convective clouds. Here, we show that the different morphologies of these two cloud types lead to different aerosol-cloud interactions. Increasing aerosols are known to suppress the conversion of droplets to rain (i.e., so-called autoconversion). This increases droplets as a source of evaporative cooling, leading to an increased intensity of downdrafts. The acceleration of the intensity of downdrafts is larger in convective clouds due to their larger cloud depths (providing longer paths for downdrafts to follow to the surface) than in stratiform clouds. More accelerated downdrafts intensify the gust front, leading to significantly increased updrafts, condensation and thus the collection of cloud liquid by precipitation, which offsets the suppressed autoconversion. This leads to an enhancement of precipitation with increased aerosols in convective clouds. However, the downdrafts are less accelerated in stratiform clouds due to their smaller cloud depths, and they are not able to induce changes in updrafts as large as those in convective clouds. Thus, the offset is not as effective, and this allows the suppression of precipitation with increased aerosols. Thus aerosols affect these cloud systems differently. The dependence of the effect of aerosols on clouds on the morphology of clouds should be taken into account for a more complete assessment of climate change.

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12

Wagner, Brian D., Adam C. Sherren, and Matthew A. Rankin. "Cyclodextrin-, UV-, and high pH-induced fluorescence enhancement of the pesticide azinphos-methyl: Applications to its trace analysis." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 80, no. 9 (September 1, 2002): 1210–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v02-133.

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Various methods for the enhancement of the fluorescence of the pesticide azinphos-methyl are reported. The addition of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin was found to moderately enhance the fluorescence by a factor of three, presumably via inclusion of the pesticide into the cyclodextrin cavity. This complexation was found to occur with an association constant of 690 ± 140 M1. This enhancement was found to be too low to be useful in a fluorescence-based analytical method for this pesticide. Exposure of azinphos-methyl to UV light was also found to result in enhanced fluorescence, with much larger enhancement than in the case of addition of cyclodextrins. This enhancement was presumed to occur via photolysis of azinphos-methyl to a more fluorescent photoproduct. However, the difficulty of providing a constant UV dosage prevents its useful application as a fluorescence-based analytical method. Finally, it was found that base hydrolysis of azinphos-methyl resulted in a very large fluorescence enhancement. Although this enhancement was previously reported in the literature, it was found that contrary to the published reports, the hydrolysis occurred rapidly at room temperature, with no need for carrying out the reaction at increased temperature. Fluorescence enhancements of a factor of 300 were obtained by simply adding the appropriate amount of an aqueous NaOH solution to the aqueous azinphos-methyl sample. This procedure was used as the basis of a simple fluorescence-based analytical method for azinphos-methyl in water, with excellent linear calibration curves obtained down to concentrations of 5 ppb.Key words: fluorescence spectroscopy, pesticides, azinphos-methyl, fluorescence enhancement, hostguest inclusion.

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13

Wagner, Brian D., Shannon J. Fitzpatrick, Monica A. Gill, Andrew I. MacRae, and Natasa Stojanovic. "A fluorescent host-guest complex of cucurbituril in solution: a molecular Jack O'Lantern." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 79, no. 7 (July 1, 2001): 1101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v01-094.

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Fluorescence enhancement of a probe molecule in solution by the container molecule cucurbituril (CB) is reported for the first time. The fluorescence of the probe 2-anilinonaphthalene-6-sulfonate (2,6-ANS) in aqueous Na2SO4 solution is found to increase by a maximum factor of 5.0 upon addition of cucurbituril. This fluorescence enhancement is the result of the formation of a hostguest inclusion complex, in which the guest 2,6-ANS is incorporated inside the cavity of the host, cucurbituril. Measurement of the enhancement as a function of cucurbituril concentration yielded a value of the equilibrium constant (K) of 52 ± 10 M1. It is proposed that the mode of inclusion involves the phenyl group of the 2,6-ANS, because of the relatively small size of the cucurbituril cavity. It is further proposed that the observed enhancement is a result of loss of rotational mobility of the phenyl ring relative to the naphthyl fluorophore of 2,6-ANS upon inclusion of the phenyl ring. Since the name cucurbituril is derived from the Latin word for "pumpkin," this fluorescent host-guest complex is referred to as a "molecular Jack O'Lantern," with the 2,6-ANS serving as the candle.Key words: hostguest chemistry, fluorescence, cucurbituril, inclusion compounds.

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14

Sun, Xiaohuan, Qianyun Ye, Jinfeng Zhou, Jie Han, and Rong Guo. "Host-guest assemblies for improved photothermal cancer therapy." Chemical Synthesis 3, no. 2 (2023): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/cs.2022.45.

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Photothermal cancer therapy has attracted plenty of attention in the last decades due to its promising efficacy, spatiotemporal control, negligible drug resistance, etc. However, to achieve widespread clinical application, the enhancement of curative effect and the minimization of side effect still need be concerned about in the field of photothermal therapy. Host-guest assemblies, constructed by the inclusion of small molecular guests into macrocyclic hosts through non-covalent interactions, are featured with unique microenvironment and flexible, dynamic nature. On the basis of the abovementioned advantages, host-guest assemblies show great potential in photothermal therapy. However, to the best of our knowledge, the endeavors of host-guest assemblies-based photothermal therapy have not been systematically discussed. Hence, to benefit the design of advanced host-guest assembly-based photothermal agents and promote the development of photothermal therapy, in this review, the major achievements of host-guest assemblies in photothermal cancer therapy, including the enhancement of photothermal conversion efficiency, the improvement of targeted distribution in tumor site, and the superiority of constructing photothermal therapy-derived multimodal synergistic therapy, are discussed. In addition, the future perspectives on host-guest assemblies-based photothermal therapy are outlined.

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15

Gunasekara, Roshan W., and Yan Zhao. "Enhancing binding affinity and selectivity through preorganization and cooperative enhancement of the receptor." Chemical Communications 52, no. 23 (2016): 4345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc10405j.

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16

Sani, Umar, Dmitry Tungulin, Claudia Bizzarri, and Fabio Cucinotta. "Turning weak emitters into outstanding luminescent materials using rigid host media." RSC Advances 10, no. 5 (2020): 2841–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra10727d.

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17

Yang, Yu-Zhang, Xiao-Feng Liu, Ru-bo Zhang, and Si-Ping Pang. "Joint experimental and theoretical studies of the surprising stability of the aryl pentazole upon noncovalent binding to β-cyclodextrin." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 46 (2017): 31236–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp05783k.

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18

Mishima, Akio, Tomomi Koshiyama, Jose A. Real, and Masaaki Ohba. "Enhancement of guest-responsivity by mesocrystallization of porous coordination polymers." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 5, no. 15 (2017): 3706–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tc00751e.

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19

Hagiwara, Keita, Masafumi Otsuki, Munetaka Akita, and Michito Yoshizawa. "Polyaromatic molecular tubes with a subnanometer pore and the guest-induced emission enhancement behavior." Chemical Communications 51, no. 52 (2015): 10451–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc02931g.

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20

Liu, Chang, Yong Wu, Xie Han, and Simin Liu. "Emission enhancement of cationic tetraphenylethylene derivatives by encapsulation in a cucurbit[10]uril host in water." New Journal of Chemistry 44, no. 8 (2020): 3185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nj06209b.

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Encapsulation of cationic tetraphenylethylene guests in a cucurbit[10]uril host in water results in strong emission enhancement of these guests since the host–guest interaction caused restriction of intramolecular rotation.

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21

Tanaka, Koichi, Masaya Asami, and Janet L. Scott. "Guest-Selective Colour and Fluorescence Changes of a Novel Fluorenone-Based Host Compound." Journal of Chemical Research 2003, no. 8 (August 2003): 483–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/030823403103174614.

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22

Viswanathan, M. "Enhancement of the guest orderliness in a low-symmetric perovskite-type metal–organic framework influenced by Jahn–Teller distortion." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 34 (2018): 21809–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp03886d.

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Single-crystal neutron diffraction reveals an enhancement of the guest-orderliness in a low-symmetric MOF, with an opposite scenario for its high-symmetric cousin. The mechanism behind this unusual effect is proposed.

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23

Gao, Shanshan, Gege Yang, Xiaohui Zhang, Rui Shi, Rongrong Chen, Xin Zhang, Yuancheng Peng, Hua Yang, Ying Lu, and Chunxia Song. "β-Cyclodextrin Polymer-Based Fluorescence Enhancement Strategy via Host–Guest Interaction for Sensitive Assay of SARS-CoV-2." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 8 (April 12, 2023): 7174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087174.

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Nucleocapsid protein (N protein) is an appropriate target for early determination of viral antigen-based severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We have found that β-cyclodextrin polymer (β-CDP) has shown a significant fluorescence enhancement effect for fluorophore pyrene via host–guest interaction. Herein, we developed a sensitive and selective N protein-sensing method that combined the host–guest interaction fluorescence enhancement strategy with high recognition of aptamer. The DNA aptamer of N protein modified with pyrene at its 3′ terminal was designed as the sensing probe. The added exonuclease I (Exo I) could digest the probe, and the obtained free pyrene as a guest could easily enter into the hydrophobic cavity of host β-CDP, thus inducing outstanding luminescent enhancement. While in the presence of N protein, the probe could combine with it to form a complex owing to the high affinity between the aptamer and the target, which prevented the digestion of Exo I. The steric hindrance of the complex prevented pyrene from entering the cavity of β-CDP, resulting in a tiny fluorescence change. N protein has been selectively analyzed with a low detection limit (11.27 nM) through the detection of the fluorescence intensity. Moreover, the sensing of spiked N protein from human serum and throat swabs samples of three volunteers has been achieved. These results indicated that our proposed method has broad application prospects for early diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019.

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Shirin, Salma, Erwin Buncel, and Gary W. vanLoon. "The use of β-cyclodextrins to enhance the aqueous solubility of trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene and their removal from soil organic matter: Effect of substituents." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 81, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v02-205.

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This paper describes a systematic study for the evaluation of different substituted β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs), as agents for the enhancement of the aqueous solubility of two major organic pollutants, trichloroethylene (TCE) and perchloroethylene (PCE). The aqueous solubility enhancement occurs through the formation of hostguest inclusion complexes between the CD molecule (host) and the polychloroethylene (guest) and is driven primarily by hydrophobic forces. The CDs evaluated are: methyl-β-CD (Mβ-CD), hydroxypropyl-β-CD (HPβ-CD), carboxymethyl-β-CD (CMβ-CD1, CMβ-CD2), and sulfated-β-CD (Sβ-CD1, Sβ-CD2); the degree of substitution was also varied. Using a 5% (w/v) aqueous CD solution, solubility enhancement factors (St/So) up to 5.5 and 14 were determined for TCE and PCE, respectively. Binding constants (K11) for TCE with the substituted CDs were evaluated using an 1H NMR technique; these were found to range from 3 to 120 M1. It was shown that solubility enhancement, as well as the binding constant, is dependent on the type and degree of substitution of the β-CD molecule; the determining factors are discussed. The CDs are also capable of effective removal of PCE and TCE retained by soil organic matter. Thus, a suitably substituted β-CD may be a valuable additive in pump-and-treat protocols for site remediation of polychlorinated organics. Key words: Cyclodextrin, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, solubility enhancement, binding constant, soil and water remediation.

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Oliveira, Maurício I., Otávio C. Acevedo, Matthias Sörgel, Ernani L. Nascimento, Antonio O. Manzi, Pablo E. S. Oliveira, Daiane V. Brondani, Anywhere Tsokankunku, and Meinrat O. Andreae. "Planetary boundary layer evolution over the Amazon rainforest in episodes of deep moist convection at the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15-2020.

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Abstract. In this study, high-frequency, multilevel measurements, performed from late October to mid-November of 2015 at a 80 m tall tower of the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO) project in the central state of Amazonas, Brazil, were used to diagnose the evolution of thermodynamic and kinematic variables as well as scalar fluxes during the passage of outflows generated by deep moist convection (DMC). Outflow associated with DMC activity over or near the tall tower was identified through the analysis of storm echoes in base reflectivity data from an S-band weather radar at Manaus, combined with the detection of gust fronts and cold pools utilizing tower data. Four outflow events were selected, three of which took place during the early evening transition or nighttime hours and one during the early afternoon. Results show that the magnitude of the drop in virtual potential temperature and changes in wind velocity during outflow passages vary according to the type, organization, and life cycle of the convective storm. The nocturnal events had well-defined gust fronts with moderate decreases in virtual potential temperature and increases in wind speed. The early afternoon event lacked a sharp gust front and only a gradual drop in virtual potential temperature was observed, probably because of weak or undeveloped outflow. Sensible heat flux (H) increased at the time of the gust front arrival, which was possibly due to the sinking of colder air. This was followed by a prolonged period of negative H, associated with enhanced nocturnal negative H in the wake of the storms. In turn, increased latent heat flux (LE) was observed following the gust front, owing to drier air coming from the outflow; however, malfunctioning of the moisture sensors during rain precluded a better assessment of this variable. Substantial enhancements of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) were observed during and after the gust front passage, with values comparable to those measured in grass fire experiments, evidencing the highly turbulent character of convective outflows. The early afternoon event displayed slight decreases in the aforementioned quantities in the passage of the outflow. Finally, a conceptual model of the time evolution of H in nocturnal convective outflows observed at the tower site is presented.

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Kuang, Shengjian, Zhixiong Hu, Hao Zhang, Xiongzhi Zhang, Feng Liang, Zhiyong Zhao, and Simin Liu. "Enhancement of metal–metal interactions inside a large-cavity synthetic host in water." Chemical Communications 54, no. 17 (2018): 2169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc00593a.

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Burdett, Michael, and Victoria Lorrimar. "Guest Editorial: Theological Reflections on Human Biotechnological Enhancement." Studies in Christian Ethics 32, no. 2 (January 29, 2019): 149–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0953946819826378.

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Shichao Zhang, Chengqi Zhang, and Qiang Yang. "Guest editors' introduction - Information enhancement for data mining." IEEE Intelligent Systems 19, no. 2 (March 2004): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mis.2004.1274905.

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de Namor, Angela F. Danil. "Thermodynamics of host-guest interactions: Solubility enhancements." Pure and Applied Chemistry 62, no. 11 (January 1, 1990): 2121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac199062112121.

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Xu, Lei, Wenyan Zhang, Haibo Cai, Feng Liu, Yong Wang, Yun Gao, and Weian Zhang. "Photocontrollable release and enhancement of photodynamic therapy based on host–guest supramolecular amphiphiles." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 3, no. 37 (2015): 7417–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5tb01363a.

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A light-controlled porphyrinic photosensitizer release system was developed based on host–guest TPP–Azo/PEG–β-CD supramolecular amphiphiles, which could significantly enhance the efficiency of photodynamic therapy.

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Sun, Jiayao, Chen Qian, Zhimin Ma, Shitao Wang, and Zhiyong Ma. "A host-guest organic afterglow system with significant guest induced enhancement of phosphorescence." Dyes and Pigments 201 (May 2022): 110196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2022.110196.

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Wang, Yanlong, Zhenzhen Xue, Zhihao Sun, Chunhong Tan, Yuehong Wen, Shengmin Hu, Qilong Zhu, Tianlu Sheng, and Xintao Wu. "Insight into luminescence enhancement of coordinated water-containing lanthanide metal–organic frameworks by guest molecules." Dalton Transactions 44, no. 5 (2015): 2217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4dt02396j.

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Kai, Tomokuni, Mai Kishimoto, Munetaka Akita, and Michito Yoshizawa. "Encapsulation-induced emission enhancement (EIEE) of Eu(iii)-complexes by aromatic micelles in water." Chemical Communications 54, no. 8 (2018): 956–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cc09450g.

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Typical Eu(iii)-complexes are readily encapsulated in the hydrophobic cavities of aromatic micelles and the resultant host–guest composites exhibit relatively strong red emission (up to Φ = ∼50%) even in water.

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Laplante, Phillip A., William W. Agresti, and G. Reza Djavanshir. "Guest Editors' Introduction: IT Quality Enhancement and Process Improvement." IT Professional 9, no. 5 (September 2007): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mitp.2007.88.

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Horiuchi, Shinnosuke, Chiharu Matsuo, Eri Sakuda, Yasuhiro Arikawa, Guido H. Clever, and Keisuke Umakoshi. "Anion-mediated encapsulation-induced emission enhancement of an IrIII complex within a resorcin[4]arene hexameric capsule." Dalton Transactions 49, no. 25 (2020): 8472–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0dt01485k.

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36

Davoodian, Negin, and Zahra Khoshbin. "Adsorption and diffusion of H2 and CO on UiO-66: A Monte Carlo simulation study." European Journal of Chemistry 11, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5155/eurjchem.11.3.217-222.2008.

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Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a new class of nanoporous materials that have attracted much attention for the adsorption of small molecules, due to the large size of the cavities. In this study, we investigate the adsorption and diffusion of hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO) guest molecules to the UiO-66 framework, as one of the most widely used MOFs, by using Monte Carlo simulation method. The results prove that an increment in the temperature decreases the amount of the adsorbed H2 and CO on the UiO-66 framework. While an enhancement of the pressure increases the amount of the adsorbed H2 and CO on the UiO-66 framework. Besides, the adsorption of H2 and CO on UiO-66 is the type I isotherm. The calculated isosteric heat for CO/UiO-66 is slightly higher than that of H2/UiO-66. The means of square displacement (MSD) value is less for CO molecule; hence, the movement of the guest molecule within the host cavity slows down and the guest molecule travels a shorter distance over a period of time. The guest molecule with higher molecular mass possesses less mobility, and therefore, it will have less permeability.

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Galaverna, G., C. Dall'Asta, R. Corradini, A. Dossena, and R. Marchelli. "Cyclodextrins as selectors for mycotoxin recognition." World Mycotoxin Journal 1, no. 4 (November 1, 2008): 397–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2008.1022.

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This review deals with the applications of cyclodextrins as selectors for mycotoxin recognition. Complexation by cyclodextrins via formation of inclusion (host-guest) complexes induces significant changes in the physical and chemical properties of mycotoxins as guest molecules, effects that can be used in a variety of analytical techniques. Changes in chromatographic and electrophoretic properties and their applications to set up new separation methods are covered. Among these changes, a significant effect is the enhancement of the mycotoxin fluorescence upon inclusion, a phenomenon which provides a simple and convenient method to significantly increase the sensitivity of fluorescence-based trace analysis. The practical application of this phenomenon to set up new analytical methods is described. Studies on the mechanism of inclusion complex formation are also reported.

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Shin, Hyejo Hailey, and Miyoung Jeong. "Redefining luxury service with technology implementation: the impact of technology on guest satisfaction and loyalty in a luxury hotel." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 34, no. 4 (January 28, 2022): 1491–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-06-2021-0798.

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Purpose To explore the impact of luxury hotel brands’ technologies on guests’ perceived value enhancement and its consequences, this study aims to examine how task–technology fit (TTF) and luxury–technology fit (LTF) affect luxury hotel guests’ perceived value enhancement, satisfaction and brand loyalty. Design/methodology/approach A scenario-based online survey was conducted with existing and potential luxury hotel guests. The relationships among TTF, LTF, value enhancement, satisfaction and loyalty were examined using partial least square structural equation modeling. Moreover, the respondents were asked their preferred service agent (human staff vs technology) in a luxury hotel to further understand luxury hotel guests’ perception toward technological services in a luxury hotel setting. Findings The results reveal that both TTF and LTF have significant impacts on the luxury hotel’s value enhancement, and the impacts of TTF and LTF on value enhancement are moderated by the guests’ technology optimism. The findings of this study suggest that the luxury hotel brands must consider the fit between the image of their brand and the technology to increase guests’ perceived value enhancement, satisfaction and loyalty. Research limitations/implications Applying categorization theory, this study extended the concept of brand extension to technology implementation. The findings advance the current understanding of how technology affects luxury hotel consumers’ perceived value enhancement, and how consumers’ optimism influences the impacts of TTF and LTF on value enhancement. Practical implications By examining the effects of TTF and LTF on luxury hotel guests’ perceived value enhancement, this study would shed light on luxury hotel brands’ technology implementation strategies. By understanding how TTF and LTF affect consumers’ perceived value enhancement, luxury hotel brands will be able to better design their technology implementation plans. Originality/value Even though luxury hotel brands are well known for offering high-level and personalized services through interpersonal interactions between employees and consumers, they have been actively implementing a variety of technologies to enhance guest experience and satisfaction. This study investigates the role of technological innovations in a luxury hotel setting. Particularly, this study examines how technologies improve guests’ perceived value of a luxury hotel and lead to satisfaction and loyalty.

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Guo, Hao, Xin Yan, Bing Lu, Jin Wang, Xiaolei Yuan, Ying Han, Yue Ding, Yang Wang, Chaoguo Yan, and Yong Yao. "Pillar[5]arene-based supramolecular assemblies with two-step sequential fluorescence enhancement for mitochondria-targeted cell imaging." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 8, no. 44 (2020): 15622–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tc04343e.

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Two-step sequential fluorescence emission enhanced supramolecular nanoparticles are constructed from pillar[5]arene based host–guest interaction and a linear amphiphile. These supramolecular nanoparticles can be applied in mitochondria-targeted live cell imaging.

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Song, Xian-Jiang, Tie Zhang, Zhu-Xiao Gu, Zhi-Xu Zhang, Da-Wei Fu, Xiao-Gang Chen, Han-Yue Zhang, and Ren-Gen Xiong. "Record Enhancement of Curie Temperature in Host–Guest Inclusion Ferroelectrics." Journal of the American Chemical Society 143, no. 13 (March 23, 2021): 5091–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.1c00613.

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Jain, NarendraK, RamN Prajapati, Abhinav Agarwal, Umesh Gupta, and Abhay Asthana. "Dendrimers - Reflections on host-guest interaction mechanism towards solubility enhancement." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics 3, no. 3 (2009): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-8398.56296.

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42

Huang, Ying, Sai-Feng Xue, Zhu Tao, Qian-Jiang Zhu, Hong Zhang, Jing-Xiang Lin, and Da-Hai Yu. "Solubility enhancement of kinetin through host–guest interactions with cucurbiturils." Journal of Inclusion Phenomena and Macrocyclic Chemistry 61, no. 1-2 (March 11, 2008): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10847-008-9410-z.

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43

Viernstein, H., S. Reiter, and P. Wolschann. "Solubility enhancement of triflumizole by host-guest interaction with ?-cyclodextrin." Monatshefte f�r Chemie - Chemical Monthly 125, no. 6-7 (June 1994): 681–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01277627.

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44

Lee, Jae-Jin, and Suk-Won Choi. "Enhancement of Luminescence Dissymmetry Factor in Nano-Segregated Phase Generated by Phase Separation between Helical Nanofilaments and Liquid-Crystalline Smectic A Phase." Crystals 10, no. 10 (October 19, 2020): 952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10100952.

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Although several methods exist for the synthesis of circularly polarized luminescent (CPL) materials, the methods are extremely complex and tedious. In recent years, the chiral host-achiral luminescent guest method and the achiral host-achiral luminescent guest method have been employed to fabricate CPL materials; however, the main disadvantage of the latter is the small luminescence dissymmetry factor (glum) that limits the practical applications of the method. Therefore, this study reports on the enhancement of glum in a nano-segregated phase system, generated by the phase separation between helical nanofilaments (HNFs; originating from an achiral bent-core molecule) and a liquid-crystalline (LC) smectic A (SmA) phase (originating from an achiral rod-like mesogen). The observed glum value in the nano-segregated phase between the HNFs and LC SmA phase was larger than that in the nano-segregated phase between the HNFs and LC nematic (N) phase. The enhancement of the glum value was attributed to the order parameter (S) of the dye molecules in the SmA phase being larger than that in the N phase. Therefore, we concluded that the S value of the fluorescent dye molecules, doped into the embedded LC phase between the HNFs, strongly influenced the glum value.

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45

Witkowska, Ewelina, Gabriela Wiosna-Salyga, Ireneusz Glowacki, Tung-Huei Ke, Pawel Malinowski, and Paul Heremans. "Effect of TADF Assistance on Performance Enhancement in Solution Processed Green Phosphorescent OLEDs." Polymers 13, no. 7 (April 2, 2021): 1148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13071148.

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Many methods have been proposed to increase the efficiency of organic electroluminescent materials applied as an emissive layer in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). Herein, we demonstrate enhancement of electroluminescence efficiency and operational stability solution processed OLEDs by employing thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules as assistant dopants in host-guest systems. The TADF assistant dopant (SpiroAC–TRZ) is used to facilitate efficient energy transfer from host material poly(N–vinylcarbazole) (PVK) to a phosphorescent Ir(III) emitter. We present the analysis of energy transfer and charge trapping—two main processes playing a crucial role in light generation in host–guest structure OLEDs. The investigation of photo-, electro- and thermoluminescence for the double-dopant layer revealed that assistant dopant does not only harvest and transfer the electrically generated excitons to phosphorescent emitter molecules but also creates exciplexes. The triplet states of formed PVK:SpiroAC–TRZ exciplexes are involved in the transport process of charge carriers and promote long–range exciton energy transfer to the emitter, improving the efficiency of electroluminescence in a single emissive layer OLED, resulting in devices with luminance exceeding 18 000 cd/m2 with a luminous efficiency of 23 cd/A and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 7.4%.

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Banerjee, Rajashree, Somen Mondal, and Pradipta Purkayastha. "Revival, enhancement and tuning of fluorescence from Coumarin 6: combination of host–guest chemistry, viscosity and collisional quenching." RSC Advances 6, no. 107 (2016): 105347–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra20884c.

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The self-quenched fluorescence of Coumarin 6 can be revived by host–guest chemistry and further increased by about 40% on increasing the solvent viscosity and hence restricting the motion of the molecules.

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47

Yong-Cun, Yang, Chi Shao-Ming, Liu Ming-Hua, Huang Rong, Wang Yu-Fei, Jing Bi, and Zhao Yan. "Spectrophotometric study of the selective binding behavior of aliphatic oligopeptides by bridged bis(β-cyclodextrin) linked by a 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl disulfide tether." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 88, no. 12 (December 2010): 1205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v10-148.

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The conformation and binding behavior of 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl disulfide bridged bis(β-cyclodextrin) (1) towards representative aliphatic oligopeptides, i.e., Leu-Gly, Gly-Leu, Glu-Glu, Met-Met, Gly-Gly, Gly-Gly-Gly, and Gly-Pro, were investigated by circular dichroism, fluorescence, and 1H and 2D NMR spectroscopy at 25 °C in phosphate buffer (pH 7.20). The results indicated that 1 acts as an efficient fluorescent sensor and displays remarkable fluorescence enhancement upon addition of optically inert oligopeptides. Owing to the cooperative host–linker–guest binding mode in which the linker and guest are coincluded in the two cyclodextrin cavities, the bis(β-cyclodextrin) 1 gives high binding constants of up to 103–104 (mol/L)–1 for oligopeptides. The bis(β-cyclodextrin) 1 can recognize not only the size and shape of oligopeptides but also the hydrophobicity, giving an exciting residue selectivity of up to 61.3 for the Gly-Leu/Glu-Glu pair. These phenomena are discussed from the viewpoints of multiple recognition and induce-fit interactions between host and guest.

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Chmelik, Christian, and Jörg Kärger. "Unprecedented Wealth of Information on Guest Dynamics in Nanoporous Materials from Transient Concentration Profiles." Defect and Diffusion Forum 309-310 (March 2011): 177–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.309-310.177.

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The application of interference microscopy (IFM) and infrared microscopy (IRM) to monitor the evolution of the concentration of guest molecules in nanoporous host materials opens a new field of diffusion research in condensed matter. It combines the methodical virtues of the profiling methods of solid-state diffusion studies with the benefit of the mobility enhancement in fluids. We are going to illustrate the rich options of diffusion studies provided by this novel experimental approach.

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Yatsimirsky, Anatoly K. "Host-Guest Chemistry of Alkaloids." Natural Product Communications 7, no. 3 (March 2012): 1934578X1200700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1200700320.

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Binding of alkaloids by different hosts (native and modified cyclodextrins, cucurbiturils, calixarenes, and metal complexes of porphyrin and Salphen-type ligands), as well as receptor properties of alkaloid based hosts are reviewed. With alkaloids as guests, the largest binding constants and most significant spectral changes, in particular strong fluorescence enhancements induced by complexation with isoquinoline alkaloids, are observed with cucurbituril hosts. Cyclodextrins are successfully employed for improvement of solubility and for chiral separation of alkaloids of different types. Receptor properties of native and modified cinchona and bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids have attracted considerable attention for development of chiral selectors for analysis and separation.

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Sargeant, I. R., L. A. Loizou, J. S. Tobias, G. Blackman, S. Thorpe, and S. G. Bown. "Radiation enhancement of laser palliation for malignant dysphagia: a pilot study." Gut 33, no. 12 (December 1, 1992): 1597–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.33.12.1597.

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