Journal articles on the topic 'Guo Moruo'

Through the analysis of two of Guo Moruo’s literary works––his “Marx Enters a Confucian Temple” published in 1926, and “Confucius Eats” published in 1935––Guo Moruo’s assessment of Confucius and Marx is discussed. It is shown how Guo Moruo, although being a self-declared Marxist, kept on adhering to some Confucian principles, and how this attitude of his helps to explain why Guo Moruo, after having been criticized in the “pi Kong pi Lin” campaign, is now, within the revival of Confucianism in the People’s Republic of China, being revaluated.

The exchange of musical historiographical ideas between Lin Qisan and Guo Moruo reflects the exchange of musical academic ideas between China and Japan in the early 20th century, and is a reflection of the exchange and convergence of historical views, perspectives, and research methods in Chinese and Japanese music historiography, as well as the formation of their musical ideas under the joint action of Japanese sinological and Chinese historical thinking. At the beginning of the 20th century, China was faced with a dilemma, both politically and culturally, as to whether to adopt full Westernization or to adhere to Chinese culture? Or should stick to Chinese culture? Many scholars went to Japan to search answers to the question of whether to adopt full Westernization or to adhere to Chinese culture, and how to learn from the success of Japan’s modern reformation. Chinese and Japanese cultural scholars, including Li Shutong, Zeng Zhimin, Guo Moruo and Lin Qiansan, all expressed their cultural orientation and research thoughts in the ideological dialogue of cultural exchange. Among them, Shutong Li, Zhimin Zeng et al.’s practice in music in the Academy, Lin Qiansan and Guo Moruo et al.’s exploration of music theory, Tanabe’s “History of Chinese Music”, and Lin Qiansan’s “Study on Yan Music in the Sui and Tang Dynasties” are all brief reflections of the musical cultural exchanges between China and Japan in the last century. In particular, Guo Moruo ‘s translation of Lin Qiansan’s “Study of Yan Music Tunes in the Sui and Tang Dynasties” has become an important academic reference for later scholars studying the culture of Yan music in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. At the same time, Qiansan Lin and Guo Moruo’s music thought also profoundly influenced the construction of music historiography in Japan and China. This paper argues that, if want to explore the spirituality of the ideas of Lin Qisan and Guo Moruo in the turbulent environment of the intersection and collision of Chinese and Japanese cultural thoughts in the 20th century, the cultural and ideological backgrounds of Lin Qiansan and Guo Moruo, their coinciding academic perspectives, and the revelation and significance of the interaction of musical ideas in their respective times should be analyzed and studied.

Aims of the research: 1) to problematize the topic of science and education and propose an alternative, Chinese-specific approach to science and education; 2) to identify the characteristics of scientific enthusiasm and motivation of the most prominent Chinologists - V.M. Alekseyev and Guo Moruo, to consider their experience and scientific worldview as examples of scientists looking for ways to scientific enthusiasm and motivation in education. The topic of scientific enthusiasm and motivation is highlighted in the context of modern, stressful conditions for science, when the life of researchers in various fields enables not scientific activity, which is specified in writing and publishing articles in scientific publications, but more pressing issues, for example, of finance and overcoming the difficulties of the COVID pandemic. The topic of the crisis of Western culture is problematized, the possibility of studying alternative worldview systems and methodologies is substantiated. The research describes the life path and systematizes the scientific worldview of academician V.M. Alekseyev, a great Russian Chinologist, as well as the factors that inspired his scientific activity. We describe the main episodes of the life and scientific path of the outstanding Chinese academician Guo Moruo, widely known at one time in the USSR and the People's Republic of China, and now all over the world. The life milestones of Guo Moruo are briefly outlined, his characteristics as a scientist and writer, a public figure are given, the peculiarities of his personality and creativity are studied; the factors that influenced his personality are summarized in his scientific achievements. His scientific methodology is reconstructed and his main ideological positions and character traits that have become factors of his scientific, creative and social activities are formulated.

Few China scholars or Chinese citizens know one of the most basic facts about Deng Xiaoping, Hu Yaobang, Zhu De, Chen Yi, Guo Moruo or many other modern leaders: they are all Hakka. Most popular and official histories, in China and abroad, ignore this basic ethnic bond. The title of this article is used ironically, in deliberate parody of the genuine Secret History of the Mongols. The subtitle points toward an ironic but serious effort to illuminate a major facet of revolutionary history which remains almost entirely unexplored.

Hu shi's play of 1919, The Main Event of One's Life (Zhongshen dashi), introduced spoken drama (huaju) to the modern Chinese stage, in imitation of the plays in the Western Ibsenesque tradition. Ever since then, May Fourth male playwrights such as Guo Moruo, Ouyang Yuqian, Chen Dabei, and others, in forming a tradition countering that of the Confucian ruling ideology, have treated women's liberation and equality issues as important political and ideological strategies (Chen 1995, 137–55). Female playwrights such as Bai Wei also depicted loving mothers and courageous daughters waging a fierce struggle against the patriarchal society, symbolized either by domineering and lustful domestic fathers or by new nationalist fathers already corrupted by the emerging revolution. The tradition on the part of both male and female playwrights of exploring woman as a metaphor for national salvation and a given political agenda was most fully articulated in the street theater that grew up during the period of the War of Resistance to Japan.

Abstract In this speech, Liu Zaifu thoroughly discusses the history of the May Fourth movement and the New Culture movement in the whole last century and the circumstances of humanity in China. In his explanation, May Fourth could be conceptualized through three different groups of concepts: the cultural May Fourth and the political May Fourth, the New Culture movement and the New Literature movement, and the masculine May Fourth and the feminine May Fourth. Liu regards the May Fourth spirit as a complete failure, in terms of six symbolic signs: (1) the mass spiritual suicide of Guo Moruo and the Creation Society, (2) the failure of humanity, (3) the elimination of individuality and personality, (4) the reversal of the enlightenment subject, (5) the devastation of the world vision, and (6) the failure of aesthetic practice. Liu also shares his two struggles. The first struggle in the 1980s was to reconstruct the subjectivity and dignity of people. After going abroad, he started the second struggle in exiling the gods, by which he endeavored to free himself from the four major spiritual chains: revolutionary thinking, the idolatry of nation, all the political ideologies, and dualistic thinking.

This article reexamines the hypotheses of Guo Moruo and H.G. Creel that Shang Di was the high god of the Shang and Tian, that of the Zhou. It proposes that Shang Di was originally the spirit of the pole star. As such, it was the one celestial body which was higher than the ten suns, with whom the Shang ancestors were identified. Tian was not a high god, but quite literally, the sky. The sky was the location of the Shang Di and the other ancestral spirits, so it came to serve as a euphemism for Shang Di or, more broadly, for Shang Di and all the celestial phenomena and spirits who were under his aegis. The primary distinction between the Shang and Zhou was not that Shang Di was particular to the Shang, but that the Shang rulers identified themselves with the ten suns. Shang Di, as the pole star, was acknowledged by both Shang and Zhou as the highest of the spirits. Tian, as the sky, was understood primarily as the celestial bodies that inhabit it. As in later time, the sky was a spiritual force associated with patterns of time, which were revealed in the movements of the celestial bodies. Thus, the originaltian ming(“celestial mandate” or “mandate of heaven”) was, quite literally, an astronomical sign, a “command” seen in the sky during the reign of Wen, whose son Wu founded the Zhou Dynasty.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the symbolic potential of the eternal image of the tiger in Chinese and Russian poetry. On the example of the works of Chinese and Russian poets of different eras, the peculiarity of the artistic representation of the image of the tiger in lyrical texts is considered and a wide range of its symbolic meanings is revealed: tiger as a symbol of cruelty, power love and at the same time courage and honor, desire for the truth, freedom and justice (Guo Moruo), a symbol of destruction and danger (Yu Zhi), a symbol of impending chaos and a harbinger of the upcoming apocalypse, spiritual and physical death (Xu Zhi-Mo), a symbol of bourgeois culture, the personification of the greed and depravity of monarchist society and its rulers, the “dark” past of Russia (Jiang Guamtsi), a symbol of the will to freedom and independence, protest and perseverance (Nu Han), a symbol of experienced fierce tragedies of the past (Du Fu), a symbol of an ancient deity (P Kogan), a symbol of the desire for cold and dangerous freedom and the rejection of a well-fed and safe life in a zoo cage (E. Sadov), an analogue of the ancient Chinese deity, a great fire-breathing commander, a symbol of freedom and the triumph of life and beauty, as well as wisdom and calm (I. Selvinsky). In the process of analysis, attention is drawn to the change in the symbolic connotations of the image depending on the lyrical situation, from the zoomorphic realities accompanying the key symbol (wolf, snake, fox, rat) and historical and mythological characters (cruel and merciless Han ruler Wu-di, honest and noble knight Li Yu, etc.). The image of the tiger is considered as an ambivalent entity, combining opposite qualities and symbolic meanings: cruelty, natural destructive power and wisdom, caution, courage, passion, freedom love.

Um pouco por todo o lado, a construção de barragens continua a ser uma das soluções encontradas pelos diferentes governos dos mais diversos países para controlar os seus recursos hídricos ou para represar materiais de mineração. Em ambos os casos os riscos associados têm vindo a revelar-se preocupantes porque são diversos os casos em que ocorreram grandes catástrofes, seja por razões tecnológicas (incluindo a própria pressão exercida por grandes volumes sobre linhas de fragilidade tectónica), seja por causas naturais (sismos, deslizamentos, etc.) ou por ambas ”“ poligenese ou génese complexa/compósita. Em Portugal, apesar de não serem conhecidos grandes acidentes relacionados com a construção de barragens, existem algumas situações preocupantes, sobretudo quando a jusante se localizam aglomerados populacionais. O caso de Fridão na bacia do Tâmega (Norte de Portugal), ainda em fase de decisão de concessão, poderá vir a tornar-se num dos mais perigosos devido à conjugação de dois factores que dão corpo à s reflexões que apresentamos neste trabalho: um contexto morfo-estrutural e morfo-tectónico propenso à ocorrência de factores desencadeantes de crises, sobretudo relacionado com a falha Penacova-Régua-Verin, e a existência de um contexto morfo-dinâmico favorável à ocorrência de instabilidade nas vertentes (que ocorreram no passado e produziram várias dezenas de mortos) e se revelam como concorrentes potenciais para um aumento assinalável dos factores de Risco. Assegurar as condições de segurança relativa a este tipo de construções impõe a implementação de um conjunto de regras e procedimentos que possam dar corpo a uma filosofia política, preventiva e proactiva, capaz de garantir a protecção das populações.

Este trabalho apresenta o estudo de uma ruptura de um talude no Morro do Curral, localizado na Vila São José – Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Os objetivos foram a caracterização geotécnica do xisto Sabará, formação preponderante na encosta, bem como a realização de retroanálises para determinação da po - si ção do nível d’água à época da ruptura. A geometria da superfície de ruptura e os parâmetros obtidos nos en - saios de cisalhamento direto foram inseridos como dados de entrada nas retroanálises, utilizando o programa Geo-Slope. Concluiu-se que a drenagem na área é fundamental, pois o fator de segurança é crítico quando há presença de água no talude.

The communal partitioning which presently affects Lebanon is the product of a long history of persecution of ethno-religious minorities in the Middle East. But, it has become more accentua ted since the outbreak of the war in 1975 with beleaguered displa cements of population regrouped in geo-confessionnal zones operated by the various foreign forces of occupation. As things stand presently, this partitioning does not fail to block action by trans-communal pressure groups (unions, parties,...) and, moreo ver, creates a situation opportune for interest' groups' (banks, major bussinessmen) controlling the centres of economic decision. These «socially irresponsible» interest' groups are thus safe from any socio-political constraint. To this situation there corresponds a real impoverishment of the Lebanese population, incapable of reacting due to their confinement in «confessional cages».

AbstractAlong the lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River, scattered alluvium sections appear on T1 and T2 terraces. The alluvial deposits on the T1 terrace in Linduo and Ximogou and the T2 terrace in Guoguotang are composed principally of coarse-grained sand particles and rock fragments, with no observable fine-grained components. The T1 terrace alluvium section is dominated by clay and silt and occurs near the town of Dexing, and optically stimulated luminescence dating of sample from this site revealed an age of 18.2 kyear, which indicates that the incision rate of the Yarlung Zangbo River has been 4.7 mm/year since the formation of this section. On the basis of the component characteristics of terraces in Motuo County, the provenance for the terraces is probably related to the breaking of the palaeo-dammed lakes in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River. A 430 m elevation difference still exists between the study area and the local base level downstream of the Yalung Zangbo River (Assam Plain), although this river has a strong incision capability (4.7 mm/year), which suggests that tectonic uplift remains very intense east of the Namche Barwa syntaxis.

Compulsory middle schooling came into being on Dec. 31, 1962, as one of the last significant acts of the third legislature and bore the signature of a Christian Democratic deputy, Luigi Gui, minister of Education in the fourth Fanfani government. The important measure was then led to implementation during the fourth legislature, when Gui was reappointed to the Education ministry by Aldo Moro, who led the three center-left governments that followed between 1963 and 1968. The article focuses on Aldo Moro’s and Luigi Gui’s contribution to the passage of the law, enhancing the educational and ethical-civil premises underlying their school policies, best defined as “social policies of education”. These perspectives of political action have their ideal roots especially in the period between the Resistance and Reconstruction, passing through the phase of the Constituent Assembly, when the biographies of both Christian Democrat politicians – who were almost the same age – crossed paths. Compulsory middle schooling came into being on Dec. 31, 1962, as one of the last significant acts of the third legislature and bore the signature of a Christian Democratic deputy, Luigi Gui, minister of Education in the fourth Fanfani government. The important measure was then led to implementation during the fourth legislature, when Gui was reappointed to the Education ministry by Aldo Moro, who led the three center-left governments that followed between 1963 and 1968. The article focuses on Aldo Moro's and Luigi Gui's contribution to the passage of the law, enhancing the educational and ethical-civil premises underlying their school policies, best defined as “social policies of education”. These perspectives of political action have their ideal roots especially in the period between the Resistance and Reconstruction, passing through the phase of the Constituent Assembly, when the biographies of both Christian Democrat politicians – who were almost the same age – crossed paths.

Se estudiaron los efectos de la sobre-elevación del nivel del mar que viene ocurriendo con ocasión del cambio climático en los cayos de Serranilla, Serrana, Roncador, del Este-Sudeste y Albuquerque. Para la caracterización se efectuaron dos campañas oceanográficas en 2009 y 2010 donde se midieron las características geo-morfo-dinámicas de cada uno. Las tendencias climáticas fueron extraídas con base en los datos horarios de 60 años del re-análisis de NCAR. Se calcularon el retroceso de las playas de los cayos por efecto del aumento de la cota de inundación, aumento del Hs12 y por el cambio de dirección del flujo medio de energía para los años 2025, 2055 y 2085. El cálculo establece que ocurrirá un retroceso de las playas de los cayos y que será de alrededor de uno a dos metros para el año 2025, de 3-7 metros para 2055 y hasta de 15 metros para 2085.

Understanding the history of Islam in the Southeast Asia will be more accurate through the geo-political and historical background perspective in particular. This assumption is based on Western Colonial influence in the past such as Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, British, French, and United States that makes up the typology of Islamic culture in South East Asian region, which is strengthens the plurality of Islamic character. It also seems increasingly clear, especially for the Muslim communities in Philippine, who represented the community formed of Moro Islamic movement. Islamic culture in the Philippine is produced by the Spanish and the United States colonial policy which determines the fate and the treats of Muslims as a conquered state. This historical background results the emergence of a heroic character in Philippines Muslims that is different from the other Muslims community in South East Asia who are relatively considered quiet and peaceful. This paper will briefly explain the historiography of Islam in South East Asia region through involving cases of Muslims in the Philippine who will not found the plurality of character in the other country.

The flora in the vicinities of Arapya Bay, Alepu beach, Sinemorets and Silistar cape of the Bulgarian Black Sea coast (which includes three beach zones and two protected natural areas) is rich in rare psammophytic and halophytic species: Hypecoum ponticum Velen., Pancratium maritimum L., Silene thymifolia Sm., Eryngium maritimum L., Limonium latifolium (Sm.) Kuntze, Tulipa thracica Davidov, Centaurea arenaria M. Bieb., Trachomitum venetum (L.) Woodson and Maresia nana (DC.) Batt. Within these areas some Mediterranean geo elements reach their northernmost point: Reichardia picroides (L.) Roth and Romulea linaresii Parl. All of the species mentioned above have been included in the Red List of Bulgarian vascular plants (1) The Tulipa thracica Davidov species fall under a Critically Endangered (CR) category. Nine species have an Endangered (EN) status: Hypecoum ponticum Velen., Pancratium maritimum L., Silene thymifolia Sm., Eryngium maritimum L., Trachomitum venetun (L.) Woodson, Reichardia picroides (L.) Roth, Cistus salviifolius L., Verbascum bugulifolium Lam. and Serapias vomeracea (Burm.) Briq. Six species fall under a Vulnerable (VU) category: Limonium latifolium (Sm.) Kuntze, Centaurea arenaria M. Bieb., Maresia nana (DC.) Batt. and Romulea linaresii Parl., Limodorum abortivum (L.) Schwarz and Orchis papilionacea L. Under a Least Concern (LC) are the following species: Fritillaria pontica Wahlenb. and Mespilus germanica L. Legally protected by (2) are: Pancratium maritimum L., Eryngium maritimum L., Limonium latifolium (Sm.) Kuntze, Tulipa thracica Davidov, Centaurea arenaria M. Bieb., Trachomitum venetum (L.) Woodson, Maresia nana (DC.) Batt, Reichardia picroides (L.) Roth, Romulea linaresii Parl., Verbascum bugulifolium Lam., Cistus salviifolius L., Serapias vomeracea (Burm.) Briq., Limodorum abortivum (L.) Schwarz, Orchis papilionacea L., Fritillaria pontica Wahlenb. In addition, there are five species from the Orchidaceae family with different conservation status: the Endangered Serapias vomeracea (Burm.) Briq., the Vulnerable Limodorum abortivum (L.) Schwarz and Orchis papilionacea L. and two species from the CITES convention - Orchis purpurea Huds.and Orchis morio L. Three habitats were with an Endangered Conservation status: 01B1 Pontic sand beach annual communities, 02B1 Pontic embryonic dunes and 04B1 Southwestern Pontic fixed dunes (3).

AbstractSince the first Asian Law and Society Conference (ALSA) was held at the National University of Singapore (NUS) in 2016, a number of special sessions have been organized to focus on the deconstruction of the Westphalian transnational order based on the concept of the “nation-state.”1 This dominant hegemony was predicated on the congruence of the geo-territorial boundaries of both the state and the nation, as well as the “assumed integration” of state-defined “citizenship” and another distinctly layered “membership” based on culture, ethnic, religious, and indigenous affiliations. The “nation-state” ideology has thus masked a history of tensions and conflicts, often manifested in the form of oppression, persecution, and genocide directed at the nation and its peoples by the state and its predatory institutions. Our studies have shown that such conflicts between the nation and the state have been observed in multiple regions in Asia, including Kashmir in India; Moro and Islamic communities of Mindanao in the Philippines; Karen, Kachin, and other autonomous nations in Myanmar; West Papua, Aceh, Kalimantan, South Moluccas, Minahasa, and Riau in Indonesia; Kurds in multiple state systems of Iraq, Syria, Turkey, and Iran; and Palestine in Israel, among many other culturally autonomous nucleated communities in Asia and across the world.2 The phrase “the nation and the state” was specifically chosen to distinguish and highlight the unique conflictual histories of two geo-political entities and to provide a fundamentally differing interpretation of history, geography, the role of law, and global affairs from the perspectives of nation peoples, rather than from that of the state or international organizations, as traditional analyses do. The Westphalian “nation-state” hegemony led to the inviolability of the state’s sovereign control over the nation and peoples within a state-delimited territory. The state then began to engage in another predatory project: to strengthen and extend its international influence over other states and, thus, the nations within these states, by adopting new constitutional provisions to offer cross-border “citizenship” to diasporic “ethnic-nationals” and descendants of “ex-migrants” who now inhabit foreign states. The nations have similarly capitalized on constitutional activism by erecting their own Constitutions to explore collaboration with other nations, as well as diasporic populations of their own, in order to carve out a path toward the nations’ independence within, and even beyond, the respective state systems. The “constitutional” activism sought by the state and the nation has become an important political vehicle with which to engage in possible collaboration with diasporic “ethno-nationals” and ex-migrant communities, in order to further assert political influence and strengthen trans-border politics of the state and the nation. Three articles included in this issue investigate such constitutional activism of cross-border politics and transnational collaborations in Asia, the Americas, Europe, and other regions across the globe.

BackgroundInterstitial lung disease (ILD) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) account for 60% of deaths related to scleroderma (SSc). The erythrocyte distribution width (RDW) has been used as a marker of poor prognosis in different pathologies. In SSc, RDW has been found to be elevated in PAH and has been proposed as a predictor of cardiorespiratory compromise.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to evaluate the association between increased RDW and the presence of EPI in patients with SSc.MethodsThis is a multicenter, retrospective, cross-sectional study of patients diagnosed with SSc (ACR/EULAR 2013) from January 2011 to August 2021. Other concomitant autoimmune diseases, malignancy, active infections, iron-deficiency or pernicious anaemia and transfused patients were excluded. The diagnosis of PID was made by high-resolution computed tomography (HR-CT) and the extension evaluated by Goh criteria. A review of medical records was conducted, collecting clinical and demographic characteristics, interstitial pattern by HR-CT, assessed, acute phase reactants, capillaroscopy, functional respiratory tests (PFT) and echocardiographic resolution. Patients diagnosed with PAH by right heart catheterization were not excluded in this study but recorded.ResultsSeventy-five patients were included, with a mean age of 59.4 (SD 14.1 CI95% 56-6), from which 67 (89%) were women. A median of 8 years of disease evolution was observed RIC 8). Limited SS was observed in 50 (66%) and diffuse SS in 24 (32%). EPI was observed in 50 (66%) of which NSIP 25 (33%), NSIP-f 15 (20%) and UIP 10 (13%). The extension of the disease was limited in 25 (33%) and extensive in 19 (25%). Capillaroscopic findings were normal in 2 (3.4%), nonspecific in 1 (1.7%), early SD in 9 (15.3%), active SD in 22 (37.3%), and late SD in 25 (42.4%); in sixteen patients there was no capillaroscopy.We observed an increase in RDW in the EPI group with a statistically significant difference OR 6.06 CI95% 2-17 (p 0.001).The median RDW is higher in patients with ILD and PAH than in healthy people (p<0.0001).We found a low negative correlation between RDW / FVC r (63) -.25 p 0.042 and RDW / FEV1 r (63) .30 p 0.015.ConclusionIn the present study we have been able to evidence that there is a statistically significant relationship between the percentage of RDW and the presence of PID. When analysing the association between patients without pulmonary compromise, ILD and PAH and the percentage of RDW, we were able to find a statistically significant difference between the three groups. It is necessary to continue with studies with a larger number of patients to grant robustness to the results.References[1]Muangchan, et al: 15% rule in SSc. The Journal of Rheumatology 2013; 40; 9; doi:10.3899/jrheum.121380.[2]Cottin and Brown. Interstitial lung disease associated with systemic sclerosis (Ssc-ILD) Respiratory Research (2019) 20:13[3]Thayer, T. E. et al. Unbiased Phenome-wide Association Studies of Red Cell Distribution Width Identifies Key Associations with Pulmonary Hypertension. Annals of the American Thoracic Society. doi:10.1513/annalsats.201809-594oc.[4]Zhao J,Mo H, Guo X,Wang Q, Xu D, Hou Y, Tian Z, Liu Y,Wang H, Lai J, Li M, ZengX (2018) Red blood cell distribution width as a related factor of pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients with systemic sclerosis. Clin Rheumatol 37:979–985.[5]Goh NSL, Desai SR, Veeraraghavan S, et al. Interstitial Lung Disease in Systemic Sclerosis: A Simple Staging System. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2008. June;177(11):1248–54.[6]Hax V, Bredemeier M, Didonet Moro AL, et al. Clinical algorithms for the diagnosis and prognosis of interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2017. October;47(2):228–34.[7]Peralta S. Guías Argentinas De Consenso En Diagnóstico Y Tratamiento De La Hipertensión Pulmonar. Sociedad Argentina de Cardiología. Área de Consensos y Normas. Vol 85 Suplemento 3. Octubre 2017.AcknowledgementsParticipating centersDisclosure of InterestsNone declared

BackgroundHyperprogressive disease (HPD) is a distinct pattern of rapid tumor progression observed in patients with cancer who are undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Despite the growing evidence, a universal definition of HPD remains to be established, and incidence rates vary based on the defining criteria. Therefore, a refinement of currently existing criteria is warranted to better characterize this phenomenon and evaluate its incidence.MethodsTwo independent investigators performed a systematic literature search in EMBASE and MEDLINE using keywords selected in Park et al.1: checkpoint, immunotherapy, pd1, pdl1, ctla4, ipilimumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab and hyperprogress. Studies published from March 3, 2020 to April 20, 2020 that included the incidence and definition of HPD in patients receiving immunotherapy were included for analysis. Selected studies were then combined with those included in the meta-analysis by Park et al.1 Duplicates were removed, and the study with a larger cohort was selected in instances of overlap between two cohorts. In total, 50 studies were included for meta-analysis.2–51 Pooled incidence rates of HPD and prespecified subgroup analyses based on four categories defining HPD (tumor growth rate ratio, tumor growth kinetics ratio, early tumor burden increase, and combination) were obtained with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a random effects model performed on R.ResultsA total of 6009 patients from 50 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Incidences varied from 0.0% to 43.1% (figure 1), and the overall pooled incidence of HPD was 12.9% (95%CI, 11.1%–14.7%). Significant heterogeneity was observed (I2= 77%; p<0.01). Studies were also grouped into one of 4 categories (table 1) based on the definition of HPD used to calculate the tumor growth acceleration: tumor growth rate ratio (pooled incidence of HPD 10.5%; 95% CI, 7.9%–13.0%), tumor growth kinetics ratio (pooled incidence, 14.8%; 95% CI, 12.0%–17.5%), early tumor burden increase (pooled incidence, 17.2%; 95% CI, 9.7%–24.7%), and combinations of the above (pooled incidence, 12.2%; 95% CI, 9.2%–15.2%).Abstract 238 Table 1Subgroup analyses based on definitions of HPDAbbreviationTGR, tumor growth rate; TGK, tumor growth kinetics.Abstact 238 Figure 1Overall pooled incidence of HPD. The overall pooled incidence of HPD was 12.9% (95% CI, 11.1%–14.7%). Significant heterogeneity was observed (I2 = 77%; p<0.01).ConclusionsThe overall incidence of HPD from 50 studies was 12.9% (95%CI, 11.1%–14.7%). HPD incidence varied from 0% to 43.1% depending on the definition each investigator chose. There is a growing need for a more uniform definition of HPD that does not underestimate or overestimate its incidence.ReferencesPark HJ, Kim KW, Won SE, et al. Definition, incidence, and challenges for assessment of hyperprogressive disease during cancer treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open 2021;4(3):1–16. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.1136Champiat S, Dercle L, Ammari S, et al. Hyperprogressive disease is a new pattern of progression in cancer patients treated by anti-PD-1/PD-L1. Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(8):1920–1928. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-1741Kato S, Goodman A, Walavalkar V, Barkauskas DA, Sharabi A, Kurzrock R. Hyperprogressors after immunotherapy: analysis of genomic alterations associated with accelerated growth rate. Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(15):4242–4250. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-3133Saâda-Bouzid E, Defaucheux C, Karabajakian A, et al. Hyperprogression during anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy in patients with recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Ann Oncol 2017;28(7):1605–1611. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdx178Ferrara R, Mezquita L, Texier M, et al. Comparison of fast-progression, hyperprogressive disease, and early deaths in advanced non–small-cell lung cancer treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors or chemotherapy. JCO Precis Oncol 2020;(4):829–840. doi:10.1200/po.20.00021Abbas W, Rao RR, Popli S. Hyperprogression after immunotherapy. South Asian J Cancer 2019;08(04):244–246. doi:10.4103/sajc.sajc_389_18Aoki M, Shoji H, Nagashima K, et al. Hyperprogressive disease during nivolumab or irinotecan treatment in patients with advanced gastric cancer. ESMO Open 2019;4(3):1–10. doi:10.1136/esmoopen-2019-000488Hwang I, Park I, Yoon S kyo, Lee JL. Hyperprogressive disease in patients with urothelial carcinoma or renal cell carcinoma treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. 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Quercus floribunda (Green Oak) which is locally known as Moru Oak, is one of the important species of oaks widely distributed in the north western Himalayan ecosystems in the altitudinal range of 2000 to 2800m above msl. The Moru Oak is very vulnerable to insect pests attack and sometimes these attacks transformed into the outbreak of pests. During the study extensive surveys were carried out in the selected sites i.e. Chamba, Kullu and Shimla to assess the insect pest infestation during different seasons i.e. pre-monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon using an appropriate design. During this study different insect pests attacking different parts (Leaves, stem, acorns etc.) of Moru Oak were observed along with the extent and frequency of insect attack. Insects were collected in the field and geo-information of the study sites was also recorded. The study on life history of a major defoliator Heterocrasa expansalis was undertaken in the laboratory. Assessment of the damage by different insect pests on Oak species was monitored and data on infestation status was recorded. Management of defoliators using IPM methods was also discussed.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of extract and its fraction (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water) of the mulberry leaf (Morus australis Poir.) in reducing triglyceride and total cholesterol levels on HFD and PTU induced rats. Methods: In this study, mulberry leaves were collected from East Nusa Tenggara-Indonesia, extracted using maceration method, and fractionated with various solvents. The thin layer chromatography with silica gel 60 F254 was utilized to identify the active compound on both extract and fraction. Furthermore, using a quasi-experimental with control group design, this study employed 40 healthy male Wistar rats and divided into 8 groups, namely: normal and negative control, positive controls (simvastatin and gemfibrozil), ethanolic extract, and fractions (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water). All groups were fed with a high cholesterol diet and 0.01% PTU, except for the normal group. During the study, the blood was drawn at day 0, 28, 35, and 42. The triglyceride level was observed using Glycerophosphate-Oxidase Phenol Aminoantipyrine (GPO-PAP) method, while the total cholesterol was measured by Cholesterol Oxidase Phenol Aminoantipyrine (CHOD-PAP). Results: On the 42nd day, ethyl fraction of mulberry leaf (Morus australis Poir.) showed the most significant result of reducing the level of triglyceride and total cholesterol compared to the high-fat diet and PTU induced rat on day 0: triglyceride of 104.89±2.70 mg/dl vs 64.76±1.97 mg/dl and total cholesterol of 96.70±2.45 vs 88.02±1.38 mg/dl. Ethyl acetate fraction was similar to simvastatin in lowering the level of total cholesterol. TLC identification also showed that mulberry leaf contains flavonoids and polyphenols that act as anti-hyperlipidemic. Conclusion: Ethyl acetate fraction of mulberry leaf (Morus australis Poir.) showed best activity on lowering both triglyceride and total cholesterol.

O Vale do Javari é uma reserva indígena, localizada no município de Atalaia do Norte no oeste do Amazonas, no Brasil com 3.700 indígenas das etnias Marubo, Mayuruna, Matis, Kanamary, Kulina e Korubo. O presente trabalho objetivou-se a descrever a organização dos serviços de saúde bucal indígena, a programação em saúde bucal e os resultados obtidos pelas equipes de atuação nas aldeias, no período de 3 anos. A pesquisa do tipo qualitativa, descritiva tratou-se de análise documental de relatórios das equipes do Distrito Sanitário Especial Indígena (DSEI) Vale do Javari. De acordo com as diretrizes das ações para atenção à saúde bucal nos DSEIs, os serviços são organizados em três fases: Controle de infecção intrabucal (1ª fase), Reabilitação (2ª fase) e Assistência especializada (3ª fase). Aproximadamente 50% da população recebeu atendimento odontológico neste período e em 97,93%, dessa população atendida, a 1º fase de tratamento foi concluída. Dentre os procedimentos mais frequentes, destacou-se: restaurações atraumáticas, restaurações convencionais, extrações e ações coletivas compostas por reuniões com a comunidade, palestras de promoção e prevenção de saúde bucal, escovação supervisionada e visitas domiciliares. Diante de uma população com necessidades complexas e dificuldades logísticas, este estudo contribuiu com uma visão sobre a experiência dos cirurgiões dentistas, que deve ser considerada parte interessada e importante na implementação e sustentabilidade do programa de saúde bucal para os povos indígena.Descritores: População Indígena; Serviços de Saúde do Indígena; Saúde Bucal.ReferênciasAparício AB. Direitos territoriais indígenas: diálogo en­tre o direito e a antropologia — o caso da Terra Guarani “Morro dos Cavalos” [dissertação]. Florianópolis: Uni­versidade Federal de Santa Catarina; 2008.Fontão MAB, Pereira EL. More Doctors Project in indigenous health: reflections from an opinion survey. Interface (Botucatu). 2017;21(1):1169-80.Fundação Nacional do Índio (Funai). Lista TI Brasil. Brasília: Funai; s.d. [acessado 2019 Jan 28]. Disponível em: http://goo.gl/22vqLfFundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz). Mapa de conflitos envolvendo injustiça ambiental e saúde no Brasil. 2015. Disponível em: http://goo. gl/7yEfm5. Acesso: 12 fevereiro 2019.Gomes JS. “Casas de Saúde” e assistência farmacêutica: Desafios da saúde indígena em Belém e Macapá [dis­sertação]. Belém: Universidade Federal do Pará, Uni­versidade Federal do Amazonas, Centro de Pesquisa Leônidas & Maria Deane; 2008.Guerra MAA. Treinamento de monitores indígenas em saúde bucal: uma experiência de trabalho com os Ticunas. Saúde em Debate. 1988; (n. esp.): 42-44.Instituto Socioambiental (ISA). Povos Indígenas no Brasil. Brasília: ISA; 2010. Dis­ponível em: http://goo.gl/8xEJWe. Acesso: 27 janeiro 2019.Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Os indígenas no Censo Demográfico 2010. Brasília: IBGE; 2012. [acessado 2019 Jan 28]. Disponível em: http://goo.gl/PyhXRfMinistério da Saúde (BR). Fundação Nacional de Saúde. Política nacional de atenção à saúde dos povos indígenas. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2002.Moimaz SAS, Saliba NA, Garbin CAS, Bergamashi Júnior E, Souza JEA. Percepção de saúde bucal em uma comunidade indígena no Brasil. Rev Fac Odonto Lins. 2001; 13(1): 60-5.Rocha DF, Porto MFS, Pacheco T. A luta dos povos indígenas por saúde em contextos de conflitos ambientais no Brasil (1999-2014). Ciênc saúde coletiva. 2019;24(2):383-92.