Journal articles: 'Gums and resins'

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Prasad, Niranjan, Kulwant Sharma, J. Tiwari, Rajeev Gupta, and Moni Thomas. "Mechanization of Natural Gum and Resin Tapping." Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 19, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 279–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2012-a5u0a9.

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Indonesia, India and China are among the world’s major producers of gums and resins. India is the leading producer of lac, Guar Gum and Gum Karaya. Gum and resin are important minor forest produce and are a source of livelihood for tribals residing in forest, sub-forest, desert and mountain areas. Some state governments have banned the tapping of resins and gums as the method for tapping are destructive in nature. To give proper attention to these important export oriented minor forest products, ICAR has approved a Network Project on Harvesting, Processing and Value Addition of Natural Resins and Gums (HPVA of NRG) with six centers apart from lead centre at IINRG, Ranchi. Network Project Centers on Pine Rosin, Gum Karaya, Gum Arabic and Guggul have worked to develop scientific method of tapping along with adopting/developing tapping tools, which have been presented in the paper.

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Suthari, Sateesh, Omkar Kanneboyena, E. Kiran, M. Tarakeswara Naidu, Avire Ramana Rao, and Sreeramulu Nallella. "Natural Gum and Resin Bearing Plant Taxa in Telangana, India: A Qualitative Method of Data Collection." Journal of Plant Science Research 39, no. 2 (September 8, 2023): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.32381/jpsr.2023.39.02.16.

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Natural resins, gums (NRGs) are the most extensively used and traded non-timber forest products (NTFPs) other than directly consumed products. The present field-based study reports the natural gum, resin and gum-resin yielding plants and the specific parts from which the products extract from plants by local people in Telangana, India. The result of the present report reveals ninety plant taxa belong to 63 genera and 23 families that predominated by Fabaceae with 36 plant taxa, followed by Malvaceae (12 spp.), Combretaceae, Anacardiaceae and Rubiaceae (5 spp. each), Arecaceae (Palmae) (4 spp.), and about thirteen families with single species each. Telangana is one of the most important contributors and collectors of NRGs from Firmiana simplex, Anogeissus latifolia, Cochlospermum religiosum and Boswellia serrata in India to generate maximum commerce. The present study outcome can be used by policy makers, scientific community, forest authorities and local people for bio-discovery of plant-based gums and resins sustainably.

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Rawat, R., and Vaneet Jishtu. "Non-timber forest produces from Western Himalayan Forests." Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 13, no. 3 (September 1, 2006): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2006-q5hk3x.

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The present article communicates information on importance of some potential Non-Timber Forest Produces, viz. fibres, floss, grasses, bamboos, canes, essential oils, oil seeds, tannins, dyes, gums, resins, medicines, spices, edible wild plants, animal and mineral products from Western Himalayan forests.

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Srivastava, S., A. Roy Chowdhury, and Nandkishore Thombare. "Quality Requirement and Standards for Natural Resins and Gums." International Journal of Bioresource Science 3, no. 2 (2016): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2454-9541.2016.00019.0.

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Murugesan, K., G. Ravi kumar, S. H. Jain, S. Mohan, and Smitha G. Nair. "Wood exudates: an overview on aromatic gums and resins." Journal of the Indian Academy of Wood Science 8, no. 2 (December 2011): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13196-012-0046-7.

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Prakash, Chandra, Ganesh Kumar Choudhary, and Vimla Chowdhary. "Development and Utilization of Newly Synthesized Tamarind-6-Amino Hexanoic Acid (TAMHA) Resin for Removal of Toxic Heavy Metals Ions from Industrial Effluents." Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 40, no. 2 (April 30, 2024): 594–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/400235.

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Tamarind Kernel Powder (TKP) and its biosorbents that went through chemical modification are crucial for removing heavy metals from industrial effluents including Fe2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+. TKP is a natural polymer that is fully non-toxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable and belongs to the group of natural gums. It has a matrix made of hydrophilic polysaccharides, which has been utilized for the generating chelating resins. The chelating resin, based on tamarind kernel powder and containing a 6-Amino hexanoic acid, has been created in the current work. FTIR, TGA, SEM, ion exchange capacity and other physicochemical characteristics were used to characterize the TAMHA resin. At different pH the preferences, the "Kd" values of these dangerous metal ions were also computed.

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GONÇALVES-ALVIM, SILMARY DE JESUS. "Resin-collecting bees (Apidae) on Clusia palmicida (Clusiaceae) in a riparian forest in Brazil." Journal of Tropical Ecology 17, no. 1 (January 2001): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467401001092.

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Primary flower resources to bees, i.e. those that satisfy basic needs, such as feeding and reproduction (Faegri & van der Pijl 1979), include pollen, nectar, oil, resin and gums. Resins are used in nest construction as a waterproof and structural material (Simpson & Neff 1981). It is also excellent antimicrobial compound, and a sticky defence against ant attacks (Armbruster 1984, Dressler 1982, Lokvam & Braddock 1999, Michener 1990, Roubik 1989, Sakagami et al. 1989). Plant species with flowers which produce terpenoid resins are rare (Armbruster & Webster 1979). Clusia L. (Clusiaceae), Clusiella Planch. & Triana (Clusiaceae), and Dalechampia L. (Euphorbiaceae) are the only known plants that secrete resins from floral structures (Armbruster 1984, Armbruster & Webster 1979, Bittrich & Amaral 1996). Although resin-producing plants provide an essential resource for a large number of bees in tropical communities, there are few studies about resin-collecting bees on Clusia spp. Skutch (1971) was the first to report visits on Clusia by stingless bees to collect floral resin. Other reports include observations on C. odorata Seem. (Croat 1978, Ramirez & Gomez 1978), C. alata Pl. & Tr. (Ramirez & Gomez 1978), and C. nemorosa G. F. W. Meyer (Armbruster 1984, Bittrich & Amaral 1996, Lopes & Machado 1998, Mesquita & Fransciscon 1995). Recently, Bittrich & Amaral (1996, 1997) have described the flower morphology and pollination biology of other Clusia species from Central America and Venezuela.

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Lambert, Joseph B., Yuyang Wu, Michael A. Kozminski, and Jorge A. Santiago-Blay. "Characterization of Eucalyptus and Chemically Related Exudates by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy." Australian Journal of Chemistry 60, no. 11 (2007): 862. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch07163.

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Exudates from six species of the genus Eucalyptus and one of the genus Corymbia (formerly Eucalyptus), from the family Myrtaceae, have been characterized by solid-state 13C and solution 1H NMR spectroscopy for the first time. Although these eucalypt kinos, as these exudates often are called, resemble resin (terpenoid) and gum (carbohydrate) exudates in physical appearance, their NMR spectra are dramatically different. In addition to lacking the characteristic terpene saturated resonances, they exhibit strong unsaturated resonances, which are weak for resins and absent for gums. We additionally report that exudates from genera of several other families of flowering plants (Amyris, Centrolobium, Guaiacum, Liquidambar, and Prosopis) also exhibit part or all of this kino spectroscopic signature.

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Kumar, Kaushal, S. Abbas, and M. Siddiqui. "Issue on Establishment of Forest Products Processing Unit under the concept of Smart Village." Journal of Non Timber Forest Products 23, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 123–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2016-unk68o.

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In purview of popularization of ‘Smart Cities’ the concept of ‘Smart Village’ is sincerely under consideration for policy makers, and administrators. In the above context, among several aspects of Smart Village, one of the most important aspect of community development through utilization of forest products based industries with have two broad categories like major forest produce (Timber Products) and minor forest produce (Non-Timber Forest Products). Indeed, the entrepreneurs’ based forest products viz. medicinal and aromatic plants, various fibers, bamboos and canes, wild grass, gums and resins, dyes and tannins, essential oils, etc. have been a part of villagers and forest dwellers life which should be included with planning of Smart Village. The inhabitants of village and rural areas in the vicinity of forests may utilize for value addition through sustainable and scientific collection, processing and preparation of useful economic products for livelihood generation through the establishment of industries at village level. In present communication it is debated and highlighted for perusal of policy makers, administrators and foresters for establishment of processing unit at village level as a facilitation center for local farmers and villagers to save their time and valuing the forest products either timber or NTFPs like medicinal , oil, fibers, gums and resins, dyes and tannin etc.

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GACHATHI, FRANCIS N., and SIRI ERIKSEN. "Gums and resins: The potential for supporting sustainable adaptation in Kenya's drylands." Climate and Development 3, no. 1 (January 2011): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3763/cdev.2010.0066.

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Muzib, Y. Indira, K. Swetha, and YR Ambedkar. "Study on Natural Gums and Resins as Release Retarding Agents in Development of Sustained Release Matrix Tablets of Didanosine." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY 14, no. 02 (June 24, 2024): 619–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.14.2.01.

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Didanosine is an anti-retroviral drug which helpful in preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from multiplication in the body. This drug has a relatively short half-life and low absolute bioavailability and requires frequent dosing. So to avoid this frequent dosing and to improve the patient’s compliance, the development of sustained-release tablets is necessary. Natural gums and resins play an important role in retarding drug release. Didanosine extended-release matrix formulations developed with wet granulation using gum kondagogu, guar gum, gum olibanum, and olibanum resin, and evaluated for pre and post-compression parameters. The outcome of all evaluation tests is reached IP specifications. Formulations with kondagogu F1-F3 failed to extend the drug release. F4-F6 was formulated with gum kondagogu and guar gum, in which F4 prolonged the release up to 12 hours with 98.23%. The formulations F7 with olibanum resin release 96.13%, and F10 with gum olibanum releases 93.15% drug at the end of 12 hours. The conclusion from the study was that natural polymers could be used to enhance drug release for an extended period.

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Hande, Nitesh, A. Nimkar, Y. Taide, and N. Kapse. "Economic Utility of Plant Species of Katepurna Wildlife Sanctuary, Akola Wildlife Division (Maharashtra)." Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 21, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2014-v9p043.

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The survey was undertaken in the Katepurna Wildlife Sanctuary of Akola Wildlife Division with the objective to study the economic utility of the plant species in the Sanctuary. Total 94 species were studied, out of which 57 were recorded as fodder species, 55 medicinal and aromatic plants, 46 timber, 42 fuel wood, 36 edible plants, 33 gums and resins, 27 landscape and ornamental value, 25 tans and dyes, 13 insecticide, 9 fibre and flosses, 7 tantra and mantra and 6 species were recorded as bee flora.

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Spielman, Andrew I., and Judit Forrai. "History of bees wax in dentistry." Kaleidoscope history 13, no. 27 (2023): 331–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17107/kh.2023.27.24.

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Wax is the oldest dental material still in use today. Chemically, wax is an ester containing a long-chain alcohol and a long-chain fatty acid. Today, dental waxes are a mixture of animal, vegetable, and mineral origin, as well as dyes, oils, fats, gums, and resins; the later components change the wax’s physical properties such as melting range, fluidity, ductility, thermal expansion or contraction, and distortion with time. Each component is added to attain the physical properties desirable for a particular application. Natural waxes like carnauba wax are produced from plants; bees make beeswax, while paraffin is derived from minerals.

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Andrikopoulos, Nikolaos K., Andriana C. Kaliora, Andreana N. Assimopoulou, and Vassilios P. Papapeorgiou. "Biological activity of some naturally occurring resins, gums and pigments againstin vitro LDL oxidation." Phytotherapy Research 17, no. 5 (2003): 501–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1185.

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Prasad, Niranjan, Nandkishore Thombare, Satish Sharma, and Shravan Kumar. "Natural exudate gum from ghatti tree (Anogeissus latifolia): A review on production, processing and marketing." Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 29, no. 4 (March 10, 2023): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2023-y019b3.

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Gum ghatti (GG) is a natural polysaccharide produced from ghatti tree (Anogeissus latifolia). Chemically, the gum is composed of several mono-sugars and uronic acids in the form of calcium and magnesium salts. GG contains soluble and insoluble fractions, which form a thick colloidal solution in water. GG is non-toxic, bio-degradable, and biocompatible to the human digestive system. It finds applications as an emulsifier, stabilizer, binder, thickener, moisture retainer, film-forming agent and a raw material for hydrogel synthesis. The gradual change in the human mindset has increased demand for natural gums like GG to overcome the adverse effects of synthetic additives. As ghatti trees are found in the forest or non-agricultural lands, its gum collection and sales provide an alternate source of sustainable livelihood to the economically backward and resource-constrained population inhabiting forest and sub-forest areas. This review is a unique article covering the literature on production aspects like tree description, importance, GG tapping, production, processing, and marketing. The review of such an important natural product will be useful for researchers, stakeholders, policymakers, and others working in natural resins and gums sector.

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O. Zhran, Yasmeen, Yassmin A. Ramadan, Ayman S. Farid, and Abubakr M. El-Mahmoudy 1. "Qualitative phytochemical analysis of Curcuma longa root extract." Science Archives 04, no. 02 (2023): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.47587/sa.2023.4214.

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The active group (s) content of Curcuma longa rhizomes (CLR) makes it a medicinal plant with a reasonable therapeutic potential. Therefore, in this study, we attempted to clarify these groups using standard preliminary phytochemical screening tests. Results revealed detection of Alkaloids, Glycosides, Carbohydrates, Cardiac Glycoside(s), Saponin, Gallo-tannins, or Catecho-Tannins (hydrolysable or condensed), respectively, Flavonoids, Resins, Steroids, Fixed oils, and Protein compounds. Anthraquinones, Gums or Mucilage and Terpenoids were not noticeable. Phlobatannins content is suspect. These findings may prove CLR is a rich source of active groups, suggesting that it may be a nutraceutical-based medicine in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.

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Kanneboyena, Omkar, Sateesh Suthari, M. Tarakeswara Naidu, Geetha Sarede, and Sreeramulu Nallella. "Potential Resources of NTFPs and Socio-economic Empowerment in the Rural Economy of Telangana, India." Journal of Plant Science Research 38, no. 2 (February 10, 2023): 589–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.32381/jpsr.2022.38.02.14.

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Forests are very important resources for the livelihood, sustenance and for commerce generation to forest inhabitants. Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) such as medicinal, leaves, flowers (corolla), fruits, seeds, bamboos, gums, resins offer seasonal employment to local people and provide socio-economic empowerment in the rural economy. The present study focuses on the NTFPs as potential resources and their role in livelihoods improvement of rural people of Telangana, India. Hence, over exploitation and unscientific harvesting practices are the major threats for the loss of natural resources and the present study highly recommends the conceptual framework for the conservation and sustainable management of NTFPs for their bio-based economy potential to the poorest section of society.

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R.K. Singh, Balram Singh, and Bangali Baboo. "Effect of In-situ Soil Moisture Conservation Practices on Growth, Moisture Use Efficiency and Kusmi Lac Yield of Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana) under Rainfed Condition in Jharkhand." Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India) 48, no. 3 (February 20, 2024): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.52151/jae2011483.1448.

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Soil moisture conservation practices have favourable effect on surface soil moisture conditions and consequently on the crop growth. For commercial lac host plants, which are generally grown under rainfed condition, the importance of soil moisture conservation remains high especially during its establishment stage. A field experiment was carried out at Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums Farm, Ranchi, during 2005-2009 to find out the effect of different in-situ soil moisture conservation practices on plant growth and kusmi winter season lac yield of ber (Ziziphus mauritiana), which is one of the most important lac hosts alongside kusum (Schleichera oleosa) and palas (Butea monosperma). The moisture conservation treatments imposed were: half moon terracing, mulching with locally available grasses, compartmental bunding, cover crop (black gram)

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A. Ramadan, Yassmin, Yasmeen O. Zhran, Aziza A. Abdelfattah, and Abubakr M. El-Mahmoudy. "Preliminary phytochemical screening of Vinca roseus leaves." Science Archives 04, no. 02 (2023): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.47587/sa.2023.4213.

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Botanical medicine that fights the battle against various types of diseases not only in recent decades but also since the dawn of time, by using plant parts or plant as whole as it has low cost and lack of adverse effects. One of these plants that belongs to the Apocynaceae family is Vinca roseus which become widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas. The aim of the present study was to investigate the phytochemical analysis of leaves of Vinca roseus growing in Egypt. Qualitative Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of Alkaloids, phenolics, Cardiac glycosides, Anthraquinone glycosides, Tannin, Flavonoids, Oils, Resins, Saponins and Protein. Gallic acid, Gums/Mucilages and Terpenoids were not noticeable. The results indicate that leaves extract of Vinca roseus can be used as a source of potential pharmaceutical agent especially in cancer.

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Efimov, Konstantin V. "Study of the properties of water-swelling rubber containing gums and extelint." Butlerov Communications 62, no. 4 (April 30, 2020): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/20-62-4-72.

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It is known that the main role in water-swellable sealing elements belongs to rubber, the properties of which depend on the nature of the rubbers and functional ingredients used. Water-swellable sealing elements are mainly made from rubbers based on acrylate, chloroprene and nitrile butadiene rubbers using various hydrophilic additives: starch derivatives, cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and various oligomeric resins. However, after sufficiently long contact with water, some additives are washed out and the sealing properties of the sealing elements are lost. Among the promising insoluble and limited water-swellable additives, sodium polyacrylate should be distinguished. Using it as part of rubbers together with soluble water-swellable additives will allow preserving the sealing properties of the sealing elements by filling it with the pores formed when washing water-soluble swellable additives from rubbers. In this regard, in this work, the effect of guar and xanthan gums together with extelint fiber on the properties of water-swelling rubber based on a combination of nitrile butadiene BNKS-18AMN, chloroprene neoprene W, acrylate nipole AR22 and butadiene SKD caoutchoucs with sulfuric vulcanizing system, was studied. The rubber mixture was prepared by mixing rubbers with ingredients on laboratory rolls LB 320 160/160. The rheological characteristics of the rubber composition were studied on an MDR 3000 Basic rheometer at 150 °C. Standard samples of the rubber mixture were vulcanized at a temperature of 150 ° C for 30 minutes in a curing press type P-V-100-3RT-2-PCD. The main properties of the vulcanizates were determined according to the standards applicable in the rubber industry. It is shown that the introduction of gums with extelite into the rubber mixture leads to a change in its rheological parameters. Vulcanizates that contain gums are characterized by lower values of conditional tensile strength and rebound elasticity, but larger elongation at break and degree of swelling in distilled and formation water compared to the vulcanizate of the base rubber mixture.

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Kapadnis, Mrunal Sanjiv, Saylee Pawar, Rupali Dhikale, and Anil Jadhav. "Studies on Several Medicinal Benefits of Plant Juniperus communis." Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences 9, no. 4 (June 25, 2022): 238–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apjhs.2022.9.4s.46.

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Juniperus communis Lin is a fragrant evergreen plant of family Pinaceae; Cupressaceae. The aromatic shrub has great potential in treatment of human and animal diseases. The plant is great source of invert sugars, wax, gums, resins, flavonoids leucoanthocyanins, organic acids, aromatic oils, terpenic acids, alkaloids, tannins, lignins, catechin, etc. Berries of juniper or plant extract used as emmenogogue, sudorific, carminative, diuretic, urinary antiseptic, digestive, and anti-inflammatory. The experiments have demonstrated that the plant’s extract as well as essential oils from plant have antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities. Recent studies uncovered the hypolipidemic and cytotoxic activities from Juniperus berries in experimental study. Recent study also shown the insect repellant and insecticidal activity. Thus, the plant or shrub is treasure of medicinal properties, of which some are discovered and some are undiscovered. There is need to study the plant for new activities that can aid in treating many chronic diseases.

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Chaitanya A. Gulhane, Vaishnavi S. Nachane, Aishwarya V. Gudwar, and Pramod V. Burakale. "Nutrient-dense jam made from herbal fruit: Preparation and evaluation." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 24, no. 1 (July 30, 2023): 300–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2023.24.1.0263.

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Bael being an indigenous fruit occupies an important place from medicinal point of view. Bael contains various phytochemicals like alkaloids, tannins, essential oils, gums, resins, coumarin, polysaccharide that makes it useful in many ailments. Beetroot is an excellent food which is important for development and growth of human body. It is rich source of antioxidant and minerals. It contains betalain essential for cardiovascular health. It plays another role as a natural colour in the textile industries. This project aims to formulate and evaluate the various medicinal properties of Bael fruits in the jam. Papaya is used in the jam hence it posses’ medicinal properties like anti-inflammatory hypoglycaemic. Citric acid is used as preservative gelatin is also mixed in Bael jam as thickening agents. The present article therefore deals with the processing of Bael and Papaya fruit into nutritive jam which is enhancing consumer satisfaction and nutritional status.

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Lima, Ana Paula Moreira, Jordana Caixeta Amorim, and Túlio Silva Pereira. "REABILITAÇÃO ESTÉTICA ANTERIOR COM GENGIVECTOMIA E FACETAS EM RESINA COMPOSTA." Scientia Generalis 4, no. 2 (September 18, 2023): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.22289/sg.v4n2a7.

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The advancement of surgical procedures for gingival repair and restorative treatments for anterior teeth, which stand out in the scientific community, has been fundamentally influenced by the pursuit of aesthetics. The purpose of the current study is to describe the clinical behaviour of a patient who has small teeth and a gummy smile. The goal was to use a clinical case to illustrate how anterior cosmetic rehabilitation, which includes gingivectomy and composite resin veneers, can be accomplished. The restoration of anterior teeth involves using better shades, colours, opacities, translucency, and anatomical onformation, while treatments that combine dentistry and periodontics are capable of producing good results, enabling normalisation of the gums, correcting their deformities, and restoring the interdental grooves and papillae. Periodontal surgery called a gingivectomy involves removing extra gum tissue. The purpose of the procedure is to change the tooth’s contour, which generates an increase in the clinical crown, providing a smile with adequate protection and support for the oral environment. Resin veneers or direct restoration on anterior teeth are the dental remodelling treatment that guarantees longevity and satisfactory results, in addition to being minimally invasive. The adhesive systems and composite resins available are of high quality, do not impose aesthetic limits, and allow a natural effect determined by the excellence and technical knowledge of the operator. The plan accomplishment allowed reaching the aesthetic principles and establishing a better contour shape and size, both of the gingival tissue and of the anterior teeth. Thus, the procedure was always performed prioritising the demands and satisfaction of the patient, generating excellent clinical results. This research is duly authorized by Opinion: 6.275.546 CEP/CONEP.

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Carrión-Prieto, Paula, Pablo Martín-Ramos, Teresa M. R. Maria, Salvador Hernández-Navarro, Fermín Garrido-Laurnaga, M. Ermelinda S. Eusébio, and Jesús Martín-Gil. "Vibrational and Thermal Studies of Essential Oils Derived from Cistus ladanifer and Erica arborea Shrubs." Natural Product Communications 12, no. 1 (January 2017): 1934578X1701200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1701200134.

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Essential oils from the two most representative shrub species from the Iberian Peninsula (namely Cistus ladanifer L. and Erica arborea L.) have been characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermoanalytical techniques (TG/DTG and DSC). Vibrational spectra have been compared with those of components of the plants, and with those of oils, gums and resins from other species. The different content in terpenoids of C. ladanifer oil (mainly mono- and sesquiterpenoids) and E. arborea oil (mainly triterpenoids) is reflected in the ATR-FTIR by the position of the bands at around 2873 cm−1, 1730 cm−1 and 1678 cm−1. As regards their thermal behavior, C. ladanifer-derived oil evinced higher thermal stability than that of obtained from E. arborea: the pyrolysis of the former was sensitized at 210°C, whereas for the later it occurred at 143°C. These temperatures are high enough to state that thermolabile constituents such as terpenoids are conserved in the hydrodistillation and that this extraction process ensures the recovery of the main constituents of both essential oils.

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Singh, R. J., G. H. Chung, and R. L. Nelson. "Landmark research in legumes." Genome 50, no. 6 (June 2007): 525–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g07-037.

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Legumes are members of the family Fabaceae or Leguminosae and include economically important grain legumes, oilseed crops, forage crops, shrubs, and tropical or subtropical trees. Legumes are a rich source of quality protein for humans and animals. They also enrich the soil by producing their own nitrogen in symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. International centers and national institutes collect, maintain, distribute, and produce high-yielding legumes (grain-pulses, oilseeds, forages, nutraceuticals, medicinal shrubs, and trees). Legume breeders are confined within the primary gene pools (GP-1) in their varietal improvement programs and have not exploited secondary gene pools (GP-2), tertiary gene pools (GP-3), or quaternary gene pools (GP-4). Legumes are also an excellent source of timber, medicine, nutraceuticals, tannins, gums, insecticides, resins, varnish, paints, dyes, and eco-friendly by-products such as soy diesel. Three forage crops, Medicago truncatula , Lotus japonicus , and Trifolium pratense , are model legumes for phylogenetic studies and genome sequencing. This paper concludes that a “protein revolution” is needed to meet the protein demands of the world.

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Kumar, Naveen, Sonia Pahuja, and Ranjit Sharma. "Pharmaceutical Polymers - A Review." International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology 9, no. 01 (January 9, 2019): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.9.1.5.

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Humans have taken advantage of the adaptability of polymers for centuries in the form of resins, gums tars, and oils. However, it was not until the industrial revolution that the modern polymer industry began to develop. Polymers represent an important constituent of pharmaceutical dosage forms. Polymers have played vital roles in the formulation of pharmaceutical products. Polymers have been used as a major tool to manage the drug release rate from the formulations. Synthetic and natural-based polymers have found their way into the biomedical and pharmaceutical industries. Synthetic and Natural polymers can be produced with a broad range of strength, heat resistance, density, stiffness and even price. By constant research into the science and applications of polymers, they are playing an ever-increasing role in society. Diverse applications of polymers in the present pharmaceutical field are for controlled drug release. Based on solubility pharmaceutical polymers can be classified as water-soluble and water-insoluble. In general, the desirable polymer properties in pharmaceutical applications are film forming, adhesion, gelling, thickening, pH-dependent solubility and taste masking. General pharmaceutical applications of polymers in various pharmaceutical formulations are also discussed

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JAISWAL, A. K., and J. P. SINGH. "Response of novel insecticides in enhancing the productivity of lac on Flemingia semialata." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 90, no. 4 (July 10, 2020): 689–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v90i4.102151.

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The field experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of some selected new insecticides in enhancing the lac productivity by containing the incidence of lac insect predators on Flemingia semialata during 2014-15, 2015- 16 and 2016-17 at the Research Farm of ICAR-Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India. Application of emamectin benzoate on kusmi-winter lac crop showed 4.57-157.14, 27.28- 322.73 and 69.56- 339.12% increase in sticklac yield for one, two and three sprays, respectively, at different concentrations. Two spray of emamectin benzoate (25-30 and 38-40 days of inoculation) at 0.0025% caused 322.73% increase in sticklac yield over control. Similarly, application of chlorantraniliprole increased the yield to the tune of 5.56-61.33, 10.76-248.10 and 22.0-333.33%, respectively, for one, two and three sprays (25-30, 38-40 and 60-65 days of inoculation). Three sprays of 0.01% chlorantraniliprole results 333.33% increase in yield over control. The visible impact of novaluron on sticklac yield is not manifested. Earlier these insecticides have been evaluated for their response on population of lac associated insect fauna but this is first evaluation study for assessing their impact on sticklac productivity.

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Strugari, Sebastian-Cristian. "Bioactive Compounds of Vegetable Origin." Biotechnology and Bioprocessing 4, no. 1 (March 30, 2023): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2766-2314/084.

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Plants are consecrated sources of pharmaceutical, aromatic and industrial compounds, civilization being inextricably linked to the world of plants, for millennia they have been the major source of bio-products essential for the survival of the entire animal kingdom. True biochemical organisms powered by solar energy, plants synthesize not only the basic compounds necessary for their survival, from the category of glucides, proteins and lipids, but also a wide range of organic substances that can be extracted in sufficient quantities to be of significant importance as raw materials with various scientific, technological and commercial applications. Even today, the botanical endowment of the planet stores numerous resources that are still insufficiently known, which can represent cost-effective alternatives for obtaining scarce raw materials in various economic fields. The vegetable kingdom continues to represent the main supplier of phytochemical compounds used in various industrial branches such as pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, agrochemicals, with commercial values expressed in billions of dollars. Plants are irreplaceable sources of industrial oils (volatile and fixed), flavors, perfumes, resins, hydrocolloidal gums, saponins and other surfactants, dyes, pesticides, natural rubber, medicinal substances and many other special compounds.

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Mazurek, Joy, Marie Svoboda, and Michael Schilling. "GC/MS Characterization of Beeswax, Protein, Gum, Resin, and Oil in Romano-Egyptian Paintings." Heritage 2, no. 3 (July 17, 2019): 1960–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage2030119.

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This article presents results from a binding media survey of 61 Romano-Egyptian paintings. Most of the paintings (51) are the better-known funerary mummy portraits created using either encaustic or tempera paint medium. Samples from all the paintings (on wooden panels or linen shrouds) were analyzed with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to identify waxes, fatty acids, resins, oils, and proteins in one sample. Analytical protocols that utilized three separate derivatization techniques were developed. The first analysis identified free fatty acids, waxes, and fatty acid soaps, the second characterized oils and plant resins, and the third identified proteins. The identification of plant gums required a separate sample. Results showed that fatty acids in beeswax were present as lead soaps and dicarboxylic fatty acids in some samples was consistent with an oxidized oil. The tempera portraits were found to contain predominantly animal glue, revising the belief that egg was the primary binder used for ancient paintings. Degraded egg coatings were found on several portraits, as well as consolidation treatments using paraffin wax and animal glue. The unknown restoration history of the portraits caused uncertainty during interpretation of the findings and made the identification of ancient paint binders problematic. Also, deterioration of the wooden support, residues from mummification, biodegradation, beeswax alteration, metal soap formation, and environmental conditions before and after burial further complicated the analysis. The inherent problems encountered while characterizing ancient organic media in funerary portraits were addressed. The fourteen museums that participated in this study are members of APPEAR (Ancient Panel Paintings: Examination, Analysis, and Research), an international collaborative initiative at the J. Paul Getty Museum whose aim is to expand our understanding of ancient panel paintings through the examination of the materials and techniques used for their manufacture.

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Wright, M. M., and B. B. Wheals. "Pyrolysis-mass spectrometry of natural gums, resins, and waxes and its use for detecting such materials in ancient Egyptian mummy cases (cartonnages)." Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 11 (October 1987): 195–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-2370(87)85028-3.

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Syed Salleh, Sharifah Nur Amalina, Wan Lutfi Wan Johari, and Nur Ayuni Mohd Hanapiah. "A Comprehensive Review on Chemical Compounds, Biological Actions and Potential Health Benefits of Stingless Bee Propolis." Sains Malaysiana 51, no. 3 (March 31, 2022): 733–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5103-08.

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Propolis mainly comprises of resins, waxes, essential oils, pollens, and impurities collected from various parts of plants such as leaf buds, mucilage, gums, and lattices. Stingless bees had been noted to produce higher amount of propolis than honey bees since they use propolis to build their nests, which makes them valuable and economical. However, very little is known about the properties of stingless bee propolis compared to honey bees’. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the chemical composition, biological actions, health benefits including some promising future research and directions of stingless bee propolis. Recent studies had shown that the chemical composition of propolis may vary according to factors such as bee species, seasonality, location and floral preferences. These compounds play a major role in the biological and medical efficacy exhibited by the propolis. Stingless bee propolis is also known to display potent therapeutic and biological properties such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal and many more that could be used to treat diseases, infections and disorders effectively. The insights provided in this review may helpfully enhance the utility of stingless bee propolis for their therapeutic and health benefits in the food, pharmacological and medicinal sectors, some which are yet to be fully discovered.

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Singh, S., N. Chaudhary, and A. K. Bhatia. "Role of Non-Timber Forest Products in Rural Economy of Farmers." International Journal of Economic Plants 7, no. 4 (November 28, 2020): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/2/2020.0381.

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Non-timber forest products (NTFPs), also known as non-wood forest products (NWFPs) and secondary forest products are useful substances obtained from forests. The key feature of NTFP’s is the continuous flow of returns against timber returns that are available intermittently at an interval of rotation period. An estimated 80% of the population of the developing world uses NWFP to meet some of their health and nutritional needs. NTFPs provide greater opportunities to the people by providing employment in the lean agriculture season. Most of the activities pertaining to NTFPs like collection, processing, transportation, marketing etc. are labour intensive and provide employment. India holds monopoly in world trade over some of the natural resins and gums such as lac, gum karaya and guar gum. Tribals derive 20-40% of their annual income from minor forest produce on which they spend major portion of their time. It has been established that a number of tribal, rural and forest department communities derive a significant part of their needs, income food and nutrition. The edible NTFPs play an important role in food & nutritional security of rural people. However, due to number of factors like destruction of natural habitat, fluctuating prices, population growth is hindering the development of NTFPs.

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L., J. F. "AN ODORLESS WAY OF TESTING DIAPERS." Pediatrics 95, no. 2 (February 1, 1995): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.95.2.224.

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How do diaper manufactures test new products? Not necessarily with teams of volunteer babies. What scientists have spent considerable time and money to come up with is synthetic feces. And now they are patented. The invention belongs to the Kimberly-Clark Corporation, the Dallas-based company that makes, among other things, diapers, training pants, incontinence garments and baby wipes. "...technicians have some objection to handling the real thing," explained Richard Yeo, a senior research scientist who developed the synthetic compound with another Kimberly-Clark researcher, Debra Welchel. "The real thing is a form of biologically hazardous material. Also, it's a bit difficult to obtain, even from infants." Technicians tried to get around the problem by using mashed potatoes, peanut butter, or canned pumpkin pie mix. Messy, yes, but apparently not chemically accurate enough for science. The foods broke down too quickly, their liquids and solids separating faster than human wastes tend to do. "The compound comes in a dry mix to which water is added for the desired consistency. The mix is made up of water-soluble components like polyvinyls, starches, natural gums, and gelatins and insoluble ones like fibers and resins. It is usually brown. Kimberly-Clark is making the compound for its labs and has no plans to sell it to anybody else.

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Lin, Song-Chow, Yun-Ho Lin, Chin-Fa Chen, Chia-Yu Chung, and Shih-Hsien Hsu. "The Hepatoprotective and Therapeutic Effects of Propolis Ethanol Extract on Chronic Alcohol-induced Liver Injuries." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 25, no. 03n04 (January 1997): 325–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x97000366.

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Propolis designates a mixture of gums, resins and balms, of viscous consistency, which are gathered on certain parts (buds and bark, mainly) of vegetables (especially coniferous trees) by honeybees. They bring this back to the hive, where it is modified and mixed with other substances (essentially their own wax and salivary secretions). In this study, the hepatoprotective and therapeutic effects of propolis ethanol extract on chronic alcohol-induced liver injuries were investigated in rats. 3.125 ml of 99.5% alcohol was added to animal's daily diet for four weeks to induce chronic alcohol liver injuries. After sacrifice, serum transaminases (GOT, GPT), triacylglyceride and hepatic triacylglyceride (HTG) concentration were assayed to observe liver injuries induced by chronic alcohol abuse. In addition, the phenomenon of alcohol induced fatty liver were also observed by histopathological changes. Different doses of propolis ethanol extract were p.o. administered three times per day for three days, after four weeks' alcohol administration. It was found that 10 mg/kg of propolis ethanol extract significantly decreased the elevations of serum GOT, GPT, TG and HTG. In histopathological examination, 30 mg/kg of propolis ethanol extract also remarkably decreased the hepatocellular fatty degeneration, apparent as vacuolization, induced by chronic alcohol abuse.

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Sivaram, M., N. Sasidharan, Soumya Ravi, and P. Sujanapal. "Computer aided inventory analysis for sustainable management of non-timber forest product resources." Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 13, no. 4 (December 1, 2006): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2006-kz0328.

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Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) consist of variety of useful products such as bark, fruits, seeds, leaves, gums and resins, tannins, dyes, roots etc. These resources are renewable if sustainably managed. Quantitative inventory of NTFP resources will in aid formulating sustainable NTFP management practices. Inventory of NTFP resources in the tropics is relatively new and has received little formal study. In this paper, we outline the methodology for inventorying NTFP resources highlighting various nested elements involved in the multi-resource NTFP inventory, possible sampling procedures, methods for the estimation of density and diversity measures and quantification of useful products. The details of the software ‘InventNTFP’ developed for carrying out inventory analysis are also presented. The software handles large number of species simultaneously and takes into consideration different aspects of inventory and reduces time greatly in carrying out analysis and generating results. It produces density and diversity measures and extrapolates availability of useful products from various species following non-destructive approach. Although the software is originally conceived for the analysis of NTFP inventory, it may be found useful in other areas involving fixed area plot based surveys for working out various density and diversity measures. Such application domain includes inventory of selected floral and faunal groups.

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Qadir, Nasir, Muhammad Azeem Akhter, and Muhammad Talha Imtiaz. "Farmers’ Use and Preferences of Trees in Southern Punjab, Pakistan." Journal of Agroforestry and Environment 16, no. 2 (January 10, 2024): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.55706/jae1634.

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Forest trees are used for multiple purposes, including various products, fruits, timber, resins, windbreaks, shelter, and gums by farmers worldwide. The study aimed to identify the forest tree types chosen by the agrarians in the lower areas of Punjab, including districts Multan, Dera Ghazi Khan, Lodhran, Vehari Muzaffargarh, Khanewal, and Bahawalpur. Altogether, 124 of the respondents were interviewed according to the prescribed questionnaire. The results showed that the young people (48%) had more experience in agroforestry and were willing to adopt the systems on their lands. The research survey observed that most (55%) of the local communities were using wood as a fuel, due to which there is a dire need for the forest trees on the farmlands to overcome the lack of fuel wood sources and the local communities preferred to plant acacia nilotica species (48.3%) and eucalyptus camaldulensis (14.9%) on their farm for their benefits, including fuel, wood, and fodder. Mangifera indica (19.5%) and citrus sinensis (9.2%) are used as fruit trees in their farmland. These results show that farmers used the agroforestry system i.e. silvo-arable, agro-horticulture silvo-pastural and agrosilvo-pastural to increase revenue, hence the need to improve the agroforestry system in these areas.

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Matheson, C. D. "Characterisation of the physico-chemical and optical properties of Australian native plant exudates for a simple method to determine archaeological resins and gums." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 42 (April 2022): 103360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2022.103360.

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Gebru, Yemane, Zeleke Ewnetu, Habtemariam Kassa, and Christine Padoch. "Determinants of producers' participation in gums and resins value chains from dry forests and analysis of marketing channels in northwestern and southern Ethiopia." Forests, Trees and Livelihoods 23, no. 1-2 (February 5, 2014): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2013.875278.

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Begum, Mubashira. "Evaluation of Antifungal Activity of Various Plant Latex against Selected Fungal Strains." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 10 (October 31, 2021): 875–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38404.

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Abstract: Latex is a natural plant polymer and milky white fluid distributed throughout the plant body like leaves, stems, roots and fruits of all flowering plants and consists of proteins, alkaloids, starches, sugars, oils, tannins, resins and gums that coagulate on-air exposure. It is secreted by specialized plant cells called Laticifers. Plants exude latex in response to physical damage. The present study was carried out to assess the potential antifungal activity of latex of five different plants namely Plumeria rubra, Plumeria alba, Aloe vera, Calotropis procera and Calotropis gigantea against three different pathogenic strains of fungi. All five latexes were found to show good to moderated activity against all the three fungal strains, namely Trichoderma viride, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. The latex of each plant was tested in two volumes (i.e. 10µl & 20µl), and it was found that the antifungal activity was volume-dependent, and a significant difference was also observed in the case of different fungal strains. The antifungal activity of plant latexes was evaluated by Agar well diffusion method; results revealed that among all the five latexes, the fresh latex of Plumeria rubra (Vol: 10µl &20µl) showed excellent antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus, whereas fresh latex of Aloe vera (Vol: 10µl & 20µl) showed excellent antifungal activity against Trichoderma viride. The results of the current research imply that the antifungal activity of latex varies with the species of plants and the fungal strains used. The results therefore demonstrated that, the used five latexes effectively inhibited the growth of three tested fungi. Hence, these plant latexes are natural, ecofriendly and can be used as good candidates for the treatment of various fungal diseases. In further words, they can be used for therapy of antifungal-resistant fungi. Keywords: Antifungal activity, Proteins, Alkaloids, Tannins, Resins, Laticifers, Plumeria rubra, Plumeria alba, Aloe vera, Calotropis procera, Calotropis gigantea, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride, Latex, Agar well diffusion.

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Li, Wenjing, Pengxiang Ge, Mindong Chen, Jiajie Tang, Maoyu Cao, Yan Cui, Kun Hu, and Dongyang Nie. "Tracers from Biomass Burning Emissions and Identification of Biomass Burning." Atmosphere 12, no. 11 (October 26, 2021): 1401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12111401.

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The major organic compositions from biomass burning emissions are monosaccharide derivatives from the breakdown of cellulose, generally accompanied by small amounts of straight-chain, aliphatic, oxygenated compounds, and terpenoids from vegetation waxes, resins/gums, and other biopolymers. Levoglucosan from cellulose can be utilized as a specific or general indicator for biomass combustion emissions in aerosol samples. There are other important compounds, such as dehydroabietic acid, syringaldehyde, syringic acid, vanillic acid, vanillin, homovanillic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and p-coumaric acid, which are additional key indicators of biomass burning. In this review, we will address these tracers from different types of biomass burning and the methods used to identify the sources in ambient aerosols. First, the methods of inferring biomass burning types by the ratio method are summarized, including levoglucosan/mannose, syringic acid/vanillic acid, levolgucosan/K+, vanillic acid/4-hydroxybenzoic acid, levoglucosan/OC, and levoglucosan/EC to infer the sources of biomass burning, such as crop residual burning, wheat burning, leaf burning, peatland fire, and forest fire in Asia. Second, we present the source tracer ratio methods that determine the biomass combustion types and their contributions. Finally, we introduce the PCA (Principal component analysis) and PMF (Positive matrix factor) methods to identify the type of biomass burning and its contributions according to emission factors of different species in various plants such as softwood, hardwood, and grass.

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Lin, Song-Chow, Chia-Yu Chung, Chia-Lien Chiang, and Shih-Hsien Hsu. "The Influence of Propolis Ethanol Extract on Liver Microsomal Enzymes and Glutathione after Chronic Alcohol Administration." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 27, no. 01 (January 1999): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x99000112.

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Propolis designates a series of gums, resins and balms of viscous consistency, which are gathered by honeybees from certain parts, mainly the buds and barks of plants, especially those found on coniferous trees. Bees bring propolis back to the hive, where it is modified and mixed with other substances including the bees' own wax and salivary secretions. In this study, the influences of propolis ethanol extract on chronic alcohol induced liver microsomal enzyme changes were investigated. Three grams of alcohol was added to rats' daily diet for four weeks to induce chronic alcohol liver injuries, and two different doses of propolis ethanol extract were p.o. administrated three times per day on the 28th, 29th, and 30th day. During the period of propolis administration, the ethanol diet was continued. After sacrifice, the rat livers were excised for assay of microsomal enzymes activity, glutathione (GSH) concentration, glutathione-S-transferase (GSTase) and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCSase) activity. It was found that 30 mg/kg of propolis ethanol extract significantly prevented the elevations of total cytochrome P-450 enzymes, NADPH-dependent cytochrome C reductase, aniline hydroxylation, 7-ethoxyresorufin hydroxylation (7-ERH), 7-penthoxyresorufin hydroxylation (7-PRH), and lipid peroxidation induced by chronic ethanol administration. Additionally, propolis ethanol extract (100 mg/kg) also induced GSTase and γ-GCSase activities and decreased glutathione levels in the liver.

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Shrivastava, M. "Forest products other than timber-A world perspective." Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 10, no. 3/4 (December 1, 2003): 97–144. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2003-2ex993.

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“Forest products other than timber” is the preferred term for what used to be called “Minor Forest Produce”. It can be very important and sometimes even more valuable than timber. There is an almost infinite range of such products, which can be, or are utilized for various purposes. Small-scale enterprises represent a major source of employment from such forest products for rural people in many parts of the world. In many developing countries including India, Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) are central to the economies of many households. NTFPs in the wider sense, include all tangible outputs other than timber, like fuel, fodder, bamboo, cane, grasses, fibre, oils, tannin and dyes, gums, resins, medicinal plants, bark, leaves, flowers, fruits, tubers, mushrooms, seeds, mammals, birds, reptiles, fish and insects. Enterprises which are an assemblage of a range of activities involving the collection, processing, and trade of NTFP, play a key role in many developing countries rural household economies in supplementing incomes and improving livelihoods. A variety of such non-wood forest products are consumed and traded at the local community level for subsistence. Nearly the entire tribal population constituting 8.3% of the total population in India, together with a large portion of the rural populace is dependent on such forest produce. The paper is intended to provide a detailed account of Non-Timber Forest Products, which have commercial possibilities and socio-economic importance with global ramifications.

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Mohammed Ali, Dr Umar. "THE IMPACT OF DESERTIFICATION CONTROL AND GUM ARABICL IN NIGERIA." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 04, no. 02 (February 1, 2023): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-04-02-03.

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Nigeria simply due to consistency in high quality, Nigeria farmers should therefore maintain good reputation on their products and meet the highest standards. Food and agricultural organization (FAO) in 1996 made a review and discovered that the products taken into the market were adulterated because it was poorly produced, processed and so poor quality. This was attributed to lack of proper coordinating body to control the rate of competition amongst producers and to esure consistent production methodology and quality. The restructuring of the only existing association into national association of gum Arabic producers, processors, and exporters of Nigeria (NAGAPPEN) has been largely responsible for Nigeria’s position back on the ladder of production, (Okoro et al), generating foreign exchange of over US $6 billion within a period of 4 year needs to be further strengthened. Established same in the state which have the vehicle through which informal training can be conducted, should be encouraged, with financial institutions taking the lead. Proper supervision to ensure non tempering with the original quality which reduces its market value, creating had impression on the product must be put in place hearing in mind, every shipment is tested to ensure its optical rotation, solubility. Color and moisture content (5% moisture or less is considered stable). The inclusion of Nigeria in the second phase of acacia operation project (AOP) organized by the network for natural gums and resins in Africa (NGARA) with a national focal point and the national project coordinator domiciled in federal ministry of environment aimed at enhancing best practices in the production of gum Arabic is to be taken more serious by the government. There should be close relationship with the associations involved in its production and quality control (physical and physiochemical determination).

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UZAWA, Masayoshi, Koji SAKURAI, Satoko OKUYAMA, Shinya ASADA, Masanori SAKANOSHITA, Kiyoyasu TSUKADA, and Seiichi KAWAHARA. "Studies on Analysis of Terpene Resin in Imported Chewing Gums." Journal of the Food Hygienic Society of Japan (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 45, no. 2 (2004): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3358/shokueishi.45.67.

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Toktorbaeva, G., Y. Tashpolotov, and E. Ysmanov. "Study of the Separation of Wood Resin Into Organic Fractions Based on Individual Boiling off of Substances." Bulletin of Science and Practice 7, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 296–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/62/30.

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Pyrogenic gums of walnut shells are raw materials for various commercial products, for example, phenols. In the process of pyrolysis, valuable organic products are formed: volatile gases — 33.5%, liquid substances (organic substances) — 35% and charcoal — 31.4%. In this work, we studied the chemical composition of the fraction of the pyrolysis resin of walnut shells using a TKP-160 Cr-MIUKhL thermostat using a refrigerator. In the resin reactor, the following products were separated: light, phenolic, naphthalene, absorbent, anthrocene and pitch. It has been established that the separated organic fractions depend on the individual boiling off of substances.

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Avcılar, İbrahim Halil, Şeyhmus Bakır, and Elif Pınar Bakır. "An overview to biocompatibility of resin based restorative materials." Journal of Dental Sciences and Education 1, no. 4 (December 31, 2023): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.51271/jdse-0020.

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Nowadays, resin based materials find a wide range of use in dentistry due to their aesthetic properties, mechanical durability and cost advantages. Dentistry materials; They can have an effect because they are in direct contact with various tissues such as gums, tongue, lips and cheeks, in addition to periodontium, pulp, dentin and enamel. It is important that resin materials produced with new technologies to be used in restorative dentistry not only have mechanical, physical, functional and aesthetic properties, but also be carefully evaluated in terms of biological compatibility. The purpose of this review is to review the basic concepts and methods related to biocompatibility, to present data from studies on the cytotoxicity of resin-based materials, and finally to make recommendations for clinical applications.

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THAKORE, H. K. D. "Hand Injury with Paint-Gun." Journal of Hand Surgery 10, no. 1 (February 1985): 124–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-7681(85)80039-5.

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Paint-gun injuries are notoriously disabling, far more so than those caused by other foreign materials as they carry a high morbidity rate. Forty-three cases of high pressure injection injury due to paint-guns have been reported in the English literature. The four new cases reported here reflect the effects of injury by the epoxy resins, relatively recently introduced and widely used in heavy industry.

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Ибраимова, Сания Ерболатовна, Раушангуль Улангазиевна Уажанова, Раушан Акуратовна Изтелиева, Баян Жаксылыковна Мулдабекова, Айым Қайратқызы Хасенова, and Айгерим Маратовна Токтарова. "Biochemical composition of juniper (juniperus communis L.) and medicinal properties." Food processing industry, no. 6 (June 5, 2022): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.52653/ppi.2022.6.6.004.

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Одним из путей решения проблемы сбалансированности рациона является введение в его состав продуктов, способных улучшить здоровье человека. В последние годы появились новые виды обогащающих натуральных добавок, представляющие интерес для хлебопекарной промышленности, такие как лекарственные травы, плоды, ягоды. Одной из интересных культур для обогащения пищевых продуктов является можжевельник (Juniperus communis L.). С целью расширения ассортимента и увеличения срока хранения хлебобулочных изделий были использованы сушеные измельченные плоды можжевельника обыкновенного (Juniperus communis L.), выращенные в Алматинской области Республики Казахстан. Можжевельник богат ароматическими маслами, смолами, катехином, органическими кислотами, терпеновыми кислотами, алкалоидами, флавоноидами, дубильными веществами, камедями, лигнинами, воском. Проведен биохимический анализ измельченных плодов можжевельника обыкновенного (Juniperus communis L.), выращенного в Алматинской области. На основе биохимического анализа установлено, что в измельченных плодах можжевельника обыкновенного содержится 15 аминокислот, 7 из которых составляют незаменимые аминокислоты: изолейцин (0,2 %), лейцин (0,45 %), тирозин (0,28 %), фенилаланин (0,2 %), гистидин (0,32 %), лизин (0,38 %), аргинин (0,3 %), а также заменимые аминокислоты: аспарагин (0,6 %), треонин (0,28 %), серин (0,29 %), глутамин (0,68 %), глицин (0,28 %), аланин (0,48 %), валин (0,38 %), метионин (0,13 %), которые не синтезируются в организме и должны поступать в него с пищей. Было определено содержание витаминов: Е (30,05 мг/100 г), В (1,20 мг/100 г), В (5,0 мг/100 г), В (15 мг/100 г), В (20 мг/100 г), В (2 мг/100 г), витамин С (286,00 мг/100 г). А также были определены микро- и макроэлементы можжевельника: калий (6,5 мг/100 г), магний (1,28 мг/100 г), натрий (0,30 мг/100 г), фосфор (0,45 мг/100 г), кальций (3 мг/100 г), железо (45 мг/100 г), марганец (25 мг/100 г), медь (2,5 мг/100 г), цинк (10,5 мг/100 г). One of the ways to solve the problem of balanced diet is to introduce into its composition products that can improve human health. In recent years, new types of enriching natural additives have appeared that are of interest to the baking industry, such as medicinal herbs, fruits, berries. One of the interesting crops for food enrichment is juniper (Juniperus communis L.). In order to expand the assortment and increase the shelf life of bakery products, dried crushed fruits of juniper (Juniperus communis L.), grown in the Almaty region of the Republic of Kazakhstan, were used. Juniper is rich in aromatic oils, resins, catechin, organic acids, terpenic acids, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, gums, lignins, wax. The biochemical analysis of crushed fruits of juniper (Juniperus communis L.), grown in the Almaty region, was carried out. Based on biochemical analysis, it was found that crushed juniper fruits contain 15 amino acids, 7 of which are essential amino acids: isoleucine (0.2 %), leucine (0.45 %), tyrosine (0.28 %), phenylalanine (0.2 %), histidine (0.32 %), lysine (0.38 %), arginine (0.3 %), as well as interchangeable amino acids: asparagine (0.6 %), threonine (0.28 %), serine (0.29 %), glutamine (0.68 %), glycine (0.28 %), alanine (0.48 %), valine (0.38 %), methionine (0.13 %), which are not synthesized in the body and must enter it with food. The increased content of vitamins: E (30.05 mg/100 g), B (1.20 mg/100 g), B (5.0 mg/100 g), B (15 mg/100 g), B (20 mg/100 g), B (2 mg/100 g), especially ascorbic acid (286.00 mg/100 g) was determined. Micro- and macroelements of juniper were also determined: potassium (6.5 mg/100 g), magnesium (1.28 mg/100 g), sodium (0.30 mg/100 g), phosphorus (0.45 mg/100 g), calcium (3 mg/100 g), iron (45 mg/100 g), manganese (25 mg/100 g), copper (2.5 mg/100 g), zinc (10.5 mg/100 g).

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Mosissa, Dereje, Girum Faris, and Sisay Aman. "Predicting Population Status of Gum and Resin Bearing Plant Species from Size Distributions in Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, Ethiopia: Inferences for Their Sustainable Management." Academic Journal of Life Sciences, no. 73 (August 28, 2021): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ajls.73.48.55.

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Diversity, population structures, and regeneration status of gum- and resin-producing woody species, were assessed in 116 sample plots, each measuring 400 m2 and established along line transects. The data were collected in two selected districts, namely, Sherkole and Kurmuk in Benishangul-Gumuz National Regional State, one of the gums and resin belts in western Ethiopia. The gum- and resin-producing woody species had 1.04 and 0.7 diversity and 0.576 and 0.49 evenness values at Kurmuk and Sherkole districts, respectively. They accounted for 26% and 46% of the density, 51% and 58% of the basal area, and 32% and 53% of the Importance Value Index of all the woody species, respectively. The gum- and resin-bearing woody species exhibited three patterns of population structure. The first pattern suggests good reproduction abilities of the species coupled with a good recruitment of seedlings and their subsequent continuous growth to replace older individuals over time, indicating stable regeneration. About 61% of the gum- and resin-bearing woody species fall under this category. The other two patterns indicate the hampered regeneration status of the woody species. Heavy grazing, conversion to cropland by small-scale farming, gold mining, recurrent fire, and climate change were mentioned as major bottlenecks of natural regeneration and recruitment. Policy, extension, and research recommendations are discussed.

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Guo, Hui, Yang Yu, Bin Zhang, and Junqing Qian. "Preparation of high-purity phosphatidylcholine from rapeseed oil gums by cation ion-exchange resin." European Food Research and Technology 238, no. 1 (September 29, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00217-013-2099-2.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Gums and resins'

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