Relevant bibliographies by topics / Gums and resins

Academic literature on the topic 'Gums and resins'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Gums and resins"

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Prasad, Niranjan, Kulwant Sharma, J. Tiwari, Rajeev Gupta, and Moni Thomas. "Mechanization of Natural Gum and Resin Tapping." Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 19, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 279–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2012-a5u0a9.

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Indonesia, India and China are among the world’s major producers of gums and resins. India is the leading producer of lac, Guar Gum and Gum Karaya. Gum and resin are important minor forest produce and are a source of livelihood for tribals residing in forest, sub-forest, desert and mountain areas. Some state governments have banned the tapping of resins and gums as the method for tapping are destructive in nature. To give proper attention to these important export oriented minor forest products, ICAR has approved a Network Project on Harvesting, Processing and Value Addition of Natural Resins and Gums (HPVA of NRG) with six centers apart from lead centre at IINRG, Ranchi. Network Project Centers on Pine Rosin, Gum Karaya, Gum Arabic and Guggul have worked to develop scientific method of tapping along with adopting/developing tapping tools, which have been presented in the paper.
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Suthari, Sateesh, Omkar Kanneboyena, E. Kiran, M. Tarakeswara Naidu, Avire Ramana Rao, and Sreeramulu Nallella. "Natural Gum and Resin Bearing Plant Taxa in Telangana, India: A Qualitative Method of Data Collection." Journal of Plant Science Research 39, no. 2 (September 8, 2023): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.32381/jpsr.2023.39.02.16.

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Natural resins, gums (NRGs) are the most extensively used and traded non-timber forest products (NTFPs) other than directly consumed products. The present field-based study reports the natural gum, resin and gum-resin yielding plants and the specific parts from which the products extract from plants by local people in Telangana, India. The result of the present report reveals ninety plant taxa belong to 63 genera and 23 families that predominated by Fabaceae with 36 plant taxa, followed by Malvaceae (12 spp.), Combretaceae, Anacardiaceae and Rubiaceae (5 spp. each), Arecaceae (Palmae) (4 spp.), and about thirteen families with single species each. Telangana is one of the most important contributors and collectors of NRGs from Firmiana simplex, Anogeissus latifolia, Cochlospermum religiosum and Boswellia serrata in India to generate maximum commerce. The present study outcome can be used by policy makers, scientific community, forest authorities and local people for bio-discovery of plant-based gums and resins sustainably.
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Rawat, R., and Vaneet Jishtu. "Non-timber forest produces from Western Himalayan Forests." Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 13, no. 3 (September 1, 2006): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2006-q5hk3x.

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The present article communicates information on importance of some potential Non-Timber Forest Produces, viz. fibres, floss, grasses, bamboos, canes, essential oils, oil seeds, tannins, dyes, gums, resins, medicines, spices, edible wild plants, animal and mineral products from Western Himalayan forests.
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Srivastava, S., A. Roy Chowdhury, and Nandkishore Thombare. "Quality Requirement and Standards for Natural Resins and Gums." International Journal of Bioresource Science 3, no. 2 (2016): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2454-9541.2016.00019.0.

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Murugesan, K., G. Ravi kumar, S. H. Jain, S. Mohan, and Smitha G. Nair. "Wood exudates: an overview on aromatic gums and resins." Journal of the Indian Academy of Wood Science 8, no. 2 (December 2011): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13196-012-0046-7.

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Prakash, Chandra, Ganesh Kumar Choudhary, and Vimla Chowdhary. "Development and Utilization of Newly Synthesized Tamarind-6-Amino Hexanoic Acid (TAMHA) Resin for Removal of Toxic Heavy Metals Ions from Industrial Effluents." Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 40, no. 2 (April 30, 2024): 594–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/400235.

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Tamarind Kernel Powder (TKP) and its biosorbents that went through chemical modification are crucial for removing heavy metals from industrial effluents including Fe2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+. TKP is a natural polymer that is fully non-toxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable and belongs to the group of natural gums. It has a matrix made of hydrophilic polysaccharides, which has been utilized for the generating chelating resins. The chelating resin, based on tamarind kernel powder and containing a 6-Amino hexanoic acid, has been created in the current work. FTIR, TGA, SEM, ion exchange capacity and other physicochemical characteristics were used to characterize the TAMHA resin. At different pH the preferences, the "Kd" values of these dangerous metal ions were also computed.
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GONÇALVES-ALVIM, SILMARY DE JESUS. "Resin-collecting bees (Apidae) on Clusia palmicida (Clusiaceae) in a riparian forest in Brazil." Journal of Tropical Ecology 17, no. 1 (January 2001): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467401001092.

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Primary flower resources to bees, i.e. those that satisfy basic needs, such as feeding and reproduction (Faegri & van der Pijl 1979), include pollen, nectar, oil, resin and gums. Resins are used in nest construction as a waterproof and structural material (Simpson & Neff 1981). It is also excellent antimicrobial compound, and a sticky defence against ant attacks (Armbruster 1984, Dressler 1982, Lokvam & Braddock 1999, Michener 1990, Roubik 1989, Sakagami et al. 1989). Plant species with flowers which produce terpenoid resins are rare (Armbruster & Webster 1979). Clusia L. (Clusiaceae), Clusiella Planch. & Triana (Clusiaceae), and Dalechampia L. (Euphorbiaceae) are the only known plants that secrete resins from floral structures (Armbruster 1984, Armbruster & Webster 1979, Bittrich & Amaral 1996). Although resin-producing plants provide an essential resource for a large number of bees in tropical communities, there are few studies about resin-collecting bees on Clusia spp. Skutch (1971) was the first to report visits on Clusia by stingless bees to collect floral resin. Other reports include observations on C. odorata Seem. (Croat 1978, Ramirez & Gomez 1978), C. alata Pl. & Tr. (Ramirez & Gomez 1978), and C. nemorosa G. F. W. Meyer (Armbruster 1984, Bittrich & Amaral 1996, Lopes & Machado 1998, Mesquita & Fransciscon 1995). Recently, Bittrich & Amaral (1996, 1997) have described the flower morphology and pollination biology of other Clusia species from Central America and Venezuela.
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Lambert, Joseph B., Yuyang Wu, Michael A. Kozminski, and Jorge A. Santiago-Blay. "Characterization of Eucalyptus and Chemically Related Exudates by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy." Australian Journal of Chemistry 60, no. 11 (2007): 862. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch07163.

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Exudates from six species of the genus Eucalyptus and one of the genus Corymbia (formerly Eucalyptus), from the family Myrtaceae, have been characterized by solid-state 13C and solution 1H NMR spectroscopy for the first time. Although these eucalypt kinos, as these exudates often are called, resemble resin (terpenoid) and gum (carbohydrate) exudates in physical appearance, their NMR spectra are dramatically different. In addition to lacking the characteristic terpene saturated resonances, they exhibit strong unsaturated resonances, which are weak for resins and absent for gums. We additionally report that exudates from genera of several other families of flowering plants (Amyris, Centrolobium, Guaiacum, Liquidambar, and Prosopis) also exhibit part or all of this kino spectroscopic signature.
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Kumar, Kaushal, S. Abbas, and M. Siddiqui. "Issue on Establishment of Forest Products Processing Unit under the concept of Smart Village." Journal of Non Timber Forest Products 23, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 123–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2016-unk68o.

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In purview of popularization of ‘Smart Cities’ the concept of ‘Smart Village’ is sincerely under consideration for policy makers, and administrators. In the above context, among several aspects of Smart Village, one of the most important aspect of community development through utilization of forest products based industries with have two broad categories like major forest produce (Timber Products) and minor forest produce (Non-Timber Forest Products). Indeed, the entrepreneurs’ based forest products viz. medicinal and aromatic plants, various fibers, bamboos and canes, wild grass, gums and resins, dyes and tannins, essential oils, etc. have been a part of villagers and forest dwellers life which should be included with planning of Smart Village. The inhabitants of village and rural areas in the vicinity of forests may utilize for value addition through sustainable and scientific collection, processing and preparation of useful economic products for livelihood generation through the establishment of industries at village level. In present communication it is debated and highlighted for perusal of policy makers, administrators and foresters for establishment of processing unit at village level as a facilitation center for local farmers and villagers to save their time and valuing the forest products either timber or NTFPs like medicinal , oil, fibers, gums and resins, dyes and tannin etc.
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GACHATHI, FRANCIS N., and SIRI ERIKSEN. "Gums and resins: The potential for supporting sustainable adaptation in Kenya's drylands." Climate and Development 3, no. 1 (January 2011): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3763/cdev.2010.0066.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gums and resins"

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Sanares, Anna Marie E. "Tensile bond strength of simplified-step and all-in-one adhesives on light- and chemical- activated composite resins." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23300486.

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Nocanda, Xolani Wittleton. "A synthetic and spectrometric study of the initial phases in urea-formaldehyde resin formation." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005048.

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In a series ofpreIiminary studies of urea-formaldehyde reactions, the influence of the U:F molar ratio, the temperature and the catalyst were investigated. Subsequently, in a more rigorous evaluation of the influence of four variables on urea-formaldehyde resin formation, viz., U:F molar ratio, pH, temperature and reaction time, a set of twenty reactions were performed using a statistical approach. The results indicate that high resin viscosity is best achieved by using a high U:F molar ratio (1:2) and conducting the reaction at 90°C. Several basic components produced in urea-formaldehyde reactions have been synthesised, characterised by NMR spectroscopy, silylated using bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide and analysed by low resolution mass spectrometry. The use oftriazones as cross-linking agents has been investigated, and a series of 5-substituted triazones have been prepared and their mass fragmentation patterns explored using a combination of low and high resolution mass spectrometry. In order to facilitate interpretation of ¹³C NMR data obtained for U-F resins, internal rotation in various urea derivatives was investigated using variable temperature ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopic study. Signal splittings observed below 247 K have been rationalised in terms of various rotameric structures.
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Rajesh, Raja Puthenkovilakom. "Interaction of Tackifier Resins with Water-based and Olefinic Polymers." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26483.

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The objective of this research was to investigate the interaction of tackifier resins in water-based and olefinic polymers for potential pressure sensitive adhesive applications. The first part of this research work was focused on evaluating the usefulness of olefinic block copolymer blends with two amorphous polyolefins (atactic propylene homopolymer and ethylene-propylene copolymer) as potential base polymers for hotmelt pressure-sensitive adhesives. Unsaturated and saturated hydrocarbon resins were studied as potential compatibilizing agents and rheology modifiers. Results show that the chemistry of hydrocarbon resins definitely influence the miscibility of the olefinic block polymer and amorphous polyolefin blends. Ethylene-propylene amorphous copolymer based blends seems to show better miscibility characteristics. Based on the learning from blend miscibility studies, we have successfully made pressure-sensitive adhesives for disposable diaper construction application with olefinic block copolymer/ethylene-propylene amorphous copolymer blends, containing unsaturated hydrocarbon resins and saturated hydrocarbon resins. These olefinic adhesives showed good sprayability characteristics, when applied using air assisted spiral spray equipment (Acumeter Spray Coater) and they showed good adhesive peel properties, which were comparable to the SBS based control. The second part of the study was focused on the evaluation of natural rubber latex-based pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSA) containing three different C5 aliphatic tackifier dispersions with different softening points. Natural rubber-based, water-borne PSA wet rheology (rheology in liquid state) was correlated to morphological analysis on a coating and converting stand point. Dry adhesive rheology was also studied and was then correlated to adhesive properties at different conditions. It has been learned that the type and amount of dispersing agents in tackifier dispersions has a major influence in wet rheology of the PSA formulations. Softening point of the dispersion seems to influence the dry adhesive rheology and adhesive properties such as peel, tack and shear.
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Wood, Jessica Lee. "Comparisons of silica polyamine composites and crosslinked polystyrenes resins." CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-08272008-133833/.

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Tripplett, Kirsten Jill. "The ethnobotany of plant resins in the Maya cultural region of southern Mexico and Central America /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Hardesty, Rudd Matthew. "Development of sensitometric techniques for the characterization of stereolitographic resins /." Online version of thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11735.

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Groff, Kimberly A. "Estimating adsorption equilibria of organic compounds on synthetic resins." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20494.

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Schuck, Susan Marguerite 1957. "FLOWERING PHENOLOGY AND OUTCROSSING IN TETRAPLOID GRINDELIA CAMPORUM GREENE (GUMWEED, POLLINATION, ARIZONA)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276715.

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Karam, Hani Shukri. "Characterization of resins in alternative fuel mixtures." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/74736.

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"Resins" is a class of compounds believed to play an important role in the conversion processes of coal and coal-related materials into oils. Methods currently used to isolate this fraction, generally lack reproducibility and yield impure and strongly overlapping fractions which do not reflect the actual group-type distribution in the liquid fuel. A separation method based on liquid column chromatography was developed, which divides liquid fuels into eight distinct and minimally overlapping chemical classes: five non-polar (saturated, mono-, di-, tri-, and polynuclear aromatics), one intermediate polar (resins) and two polar (asphaltenes and asphaltols) fractions. Chemical characterization of "resins fractions," derived from two alternative fuels (coal-derived liquid and sugarcane bagasse), was achieved by first subjecting them to acid-base-neutral separation, followed by analysis of each subfraction by GC/MS. Identification of the eluted components was carried out utilizing a library search system, by comparing retention times (indices) of 150 model compounds believed to exist in liquid fuels, on two fused silica capillary columns (Carbowax 20 M and SE-54), and by mass spectral interpretation. GC/MS results indicate that "resins" are mainly composed of weakly acidic (phenols, indanols, naphthols), mildly basic (benzoquinolines, chloroanilines, etc.), neutral-nitrogen (indoles and carbazoles), and oxygen (carbonyl) compounds, and are free of hydrocarbons.
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Khattab, Ahmed. "Exploratory development of VARIM process for manufacturing high temperature polymer matrix composites." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4186.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (month day, year) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Books on the topic "Gums and resins"

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Canada. Industry, Science and Technology Canada. Synthetic resins. Ottawa: Industry, Science and Technology Canada, 1991.

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Canada. Industry, Science and Technology Canada. Synthetic resins. [Ottawa]: Industry, Science and Technology Canada, 1988.

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Howarth, G. A. Water-borne resins. Wembley: Oil & Colour Chemists' Association, 1996.

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Flick, Ernest W. Industrial synthetic resins handbook. 2nd ed. Park Ridge, N.J., U.S.A: Noyes Publications, 1991.

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Flick, Ernest W. Industrial synthetic resins handbook. Park Ridge, N.J., U.S.A: Noyes Publications, 1985.

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G, Hayward, and Oldring P. K. T, eds. Resins for surface coatings. 2nd ed. London: SITA Technology, 1987.

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Ita, Paul A. Epoxy resins. Cleveland, OH: Freedonia Group, Inc., 1998.

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Flick, Ernest W. Engineering resins: An industrial guide. Park Ridge, N.J., U.S.A: Noyes Publications, 1988.

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Weizer, William P. PET resins. Cleveland, Ohio: Freedonia Group, 1998.

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Weizer, William P., and Kelly Misch. Polyethylene terephthalate resins. Cleveland: Freedonia Group, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Gums and resins"

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Anderson, D. M. W. "Gums and resins, and factors influencing their economic development." In Plants for Arid Lands, 343–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6830-4_25.

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Murthy, Hosakatte Niranjana. "Chemical Constituents and Applications of Gums, Resins, and Latexes of Plant Origin." In Reference Series in Phytochemistry, 3–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91378-6_1.

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Murthy, Hosakatte Niranjana. "Chemical Constituents and Applications of Gums, Resins, and Latexes of Plant Origin." In Reference Series in Phytochemistry, 1–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76523-1_1-1.

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Rajasekar, R., C. Moganapriya, P. Sathish Kumar, P. Navaneethakrishnan, and Inamuddin. "Chapter 4 Binders Such as Adhesives, Gums, Wallpaper Paste, Resins or Any Subclass in Polymer Division." In Green Polymer Composites Technology, 49–62. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315371184-5.

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Pengelly, Andrew. "Resins and cannabinoids." In The constituents of medicinal plants, 112–22. 3rd ed. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789243079.0007.

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Abstract This chapter provides an overview of resins, which are solid, brittle substances secreted by plants into special ducts, often as a response to damage to the plant by wounding, wind or insect damage. Some major resin and oleo-gum-resin containing plants, such as myrrh, ginger, Capsicum sp. and Podophyllum sp., among others, are presented along with their pharmacological properties. Information on the structures, biosynthesis and medicinal properties of cannabinoids, which are derived from Cannabis sativa, are highlighted.
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Gooch, Jan W. "Fossil Gum Resin." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 323. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_5250.

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Swamy, Mallappa Kumara, T. Pullaiah, and Abhijit Dey. "Frankincense (Olibanum): An Aromatic Resin with Economic Importance." In Frankincense – Gum Olibanum, 1–10. New York: Apple Academic Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003348016-1.

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Bhakshu, Lepakshi Md, and K. Venkata Ratnam. "Extraction of Oleogum Resin (Frankincense/Olibanum) from Boswellia Species." In Frankincense – Gum Olibanum, 41–68. New York: Apple Academic Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003348016-3.

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Sarup, Prerna, Sonia Pahuja, and Jai Malik. "Chemistry, Biological Activities, and Uses of Oleo-Gum Resin of Commiphora wightii." In Reference Series in Phytochemistry, 447–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91378-6_22.

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Sarup, Prerna, Sonia Pahuja, and Jai Malik. "Chemistry, Biological Activities, and Uses of Oleo-Gum Resin of Commiphora wightii." In Reference Series in Phytochemistry, 1–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76523-1_22-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Gums and resins"

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Sempere i Soler, Josep Francesc. ""Memorial National de Gurs. 1994"." In III Congreso Internacional de Investigación en Artes Visuales :: ANIAV 2017 :: GLOCAL. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/aniav.2017.5879.

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El propósito del trabajo es dar a conocer la existencia de este campo denominado de internamiento en el Béarn, desde los años 1939 a 1945. En concreto en la población de Gurs, un pequeño pueblo, en el Pirineo Atlántico francés. Y del Memorial obra de Dani Karavan. Tras la derrota militar del ejército republicano se produce un exilio masivo - se cifra en medio millón de personas tras la caída de Barcelona el 26 de enero de 1939-, del ejército y población de la IIª República. El gobierno francés crea esta suerte de campos de internamiento. El de Gurs fue el más grande y encerró a los que consideraban indeseables: republicanos procedentes de España, brigadistas internacionales, aviadores republicanos. Refugiados de la Europa Central y sin papeles, comunistas y resistentes franceses, gitanos y judíos extranjeros. En esta landa inhóspita permanecieron encerrados 60.550 hombres, mujeres y niños. Muchos descansan en los dos cementerios adjuntos al antiguo campo (en uno los republicanos, brigadistas, otros presos y el otro es el cementerio judío). Decidí realizar esta investigación en el terreno y hablando con supervivientes del campo, residentes en pueblos cercanos, para que los jóvenes europeos puedan tener conocimiento de que la Segunda Guerra Mundial comenzó en 1936, aunque no aparezca en ningún libro de historia. El gobierno francés tras años de intentar hacer desaparecer cualquier vestigio del mismo y ante la presión de los ciudadanos del Béarn, de la “Amicale du camp de Gurs”, asociaciones judías y otras muchas organizaciones y personalidades, paralizaron la destrucción completa de los restos del antiguo campo y encargaron al artista israelí Dani Karavan - uno de los artistas de “Land Art” vivos más reconocidos -, la construcción de este Memorial (existen tres en toda Francia), se inaugura el 14 de octubre de 1994. Al estar realizando la tesis sobre la obra y persona de Dani Karavan, acudí - en octubre de 2011- , al igual que a otros países y lugares donde tiene emplazadas obras ( Alemania, España, Francia, Italia, Israel,..), para realizar fotografías, filmaciones, dibujos, apuntes, obtener información de los ayuntamientos e ir recabando información para la tesis. Descubrí el lugar y recordé las palabras del artista: “Cuando trabajo en un nuevo emplazamiento trato con aspectos visibles e invisibles, con materiales sensibles, con memorias y con mi propio estado de conciencia y conocimiento histórico” . Tal fue el impacto, que pasé unos días consternado y más conforme oía relatos de supervivientes y leía sobre el campo y el trabajo de Dani Karavan, ante el ofrecimiento de realizar la obra y descubrir la realidad de lo sucedido. En enero acudí al “atelier” de Dani en París (ahora reside en Tel Aviv, pero venía a Europa unos días por compromisos ), hablé con el maestro el día 21/01/2017 y realicé unas fotografías tipo retrato, tras la entrevista. Detrás de él , en la pared, había unos fotos de este “Memorial National de Gurs".http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ANIAV.2017.5879
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Greve, H., M. Kaiser, R. Brun, and TJ Schmidt. "Antiplasmodial leads in oleo-gum-resins from Burseraceae: bioactivity-guided fractionation of myrrh." In GA 2017 – Book of Abstracts. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1608079.

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Greve, H., M. Kaiser, R. Brun, and TJ Schmidt. "Search for new antiplasmodial leads in the oleo-gum-resin of Boswellia serrata Roxb." In GA 2017 – Book of Abstracts. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1608032.

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"Anti-Bacterial Activities of Crude Extract of Some East African Oleo Gum Resins (Burceraceae) and their Respective Extraction Yield." In International Conference on Chemical, Environment & Biological Sciences. International Institute of Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/iicbe.c914121.

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Giandomenico, Manuel, Filippo Edoardo Capasso, Sokol Muca, Maria Carolina Gaetani, Sara Iafrate, Marco Bartolini, Ulderico Santamaria, Angela Calia, Emilia Vasanelli, and Davide Melica. "RETOUCHING MURAL PAINTINGS IN HYPOGEUM: PRELIMINARY STUDY AND FIRST RESULTS." In RECH6 - 6th International Meeting on Retouching of Cultural Heritage. València: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/rech6.2021.13533.

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This study was carried out during the ICR conservation project involving two of the mural paintings of the Saint Peter and Paul’s hypogeum in Matera. Retouching mural paintings preserved in such a peculiar environment as hypogea is not an ordinary operation. In these contexts, relative humidity approximating to 100% makes hygroscopic materials less durable, favouring biological growth on them. In addition, severe climatic conditions can lead to a fast degradation of retouching materials. Watercolours, extensively employed for retouching mural paintings, are not completely recommendable in such humid environments, so a research was planned to find a compatible and alternative binding media. A study was carried out on laboratory samples to select the most suitable binding media among the following: two synthetic resins, Laropal A81 and Regalrez 1094, and two natural products, Funori and arabic gum. Each binder was blended with two different pigments. For each binder four different dilutions were tested, in order to find out how these factors could have affected the analysed properties. These products have been investigated in relation to their optical properties, wettability, vapour and water permeability, resistance to salt crystallisation and bioreceptivity. Some tests were repeated after an artificial ageing process, based on cyclical alternation of humid-cold and dry-hot exposure conditions. In addition to the laboratory tests, some in situ applications were performed. Amongst four binders, Regalrez 1094 showed the best results. Nevertheless, its bioreceptivity and applicability issues make necessary to continue and develop further research.
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Bayless, John R. "Inexpensive, compact electron gun for laser applications." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1989.tukk4.

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Large-area electron guns are critical components in many high-energy gas laser systems. The secondary emission electron (SEE) gun, in which a beam is generated by ion bombardment of the cathode, offers an attractive option for pulsed laser applications. With this type of cold cathode gun, a dc voltage is applied to the cathode and the electron beam is controlled by modulating the source of ions in which resides a ground potential. This design greatly simplifies the electron gun power system. A SEE gun system has recently been developed which provides a 150-kV, 5- × 150-cm2 beam at current densities of up to 12 mA/cm2 (uniformity about ±10%) in 30-µs pulses at 30 pps. It is expected that the SEE gun can be easily scaled to beam voltages of >300 kV, beam areas >10,000 cm2, peak current densities exceeding 1 A /cm2, time-averaged current densities >0.5 mA/cm2, pulse lengths of 0.1 µs to dc, and pulse repetition rates >1 kHz with good uniformity (±5%), high reliability, and long life (>1000 h). Furthermore, the inherent simplicity of the SEE gun results in low cost and a compact, lightweight system.
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Noohi, Sahar, and Manijeh Hadian-Dehkordi. "A TECHNICAL STUDY OF RED PAINTS IN THE RETOUCHING LAYER OF SOME WET-COLLODION GLASS PLATE NEGATIVES OF GOLESTAN PALACE PHOTO ARCHIVE." In RECH6 - 6th International Meeting on Retouching of Cultural Heritage. València: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/rech6.2021.13624.

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This study presents a part of a research project on retouching wet Collodion and dry gelatine glass plate negatives from Golestan Palace photo archive in Tehran, Iran, dating from the mid-19th century. The collection belongs to Qajar era. This is a case study on the use of red paint in retouching wet collodion glass plate negatives and aims to help the understanding of retouching material and their application. Red paints in four retouched negatives, and also their binder, identified in this study by means of, micro Fourier transform infrared (µ-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and stereo microscopy technique. Elemental analysis performed with (SEM-EDS) revealed the presence of Lead (Pb), and Iron (Fe) elements in the paint. Thus, red Iron & red Lead pigments were identified as the red paints. The results confirmed by micro Fourier transform infrared (µ-FTIR), and a natural resin (probably gum Arabic) is identified as the binder of all paints as well. Red Lead, is realized as a paint to cover the boundaries, create more brightness, and as a binder to adhere masking papers, to the intended areas. Red Iron, is also found as a paint to correct emulsion defects and, make a perfectly clear and clean sky or background. Apparently, all these choices have been made consciously. It is believed that this study will contribute much to better understanding of retouching materials and the need to preserve them.
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Reports on the topic "Gums and resins"

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M., Lemenih, and Kassa H. Gums and resins of Ethiopia. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.17528/cifor/003359.

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Rioux, Nathalie. Twenty-Fifth Annual Report on Federal Agency Use of Voluntary Consensus Standards and Conformity Assessment. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.8438.

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In FY 2021, the 22 federal agencies that reported did not add or rescind any GUS in lieu of VCS, therefore there remains a total of 80 previously reported GUS in lieu of VCS still in use. This analysis does not reflect the use of standards by the Department of Defense (DoD) or the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as they report their use of GUS on a categorical basis via a different reporting mechanism. Agencies demonstrate the effectiveness of the NTTAA and Circular A-119 by their continuous review of opportunities to rescind GUS in favor of using VCS, and their involvement with the private sector through the VCS process. These activities suggest that federal agencies are cognizant of the benefits of meeting their mission needs by actively seeking to use VCS developed by the private sector. In accordance with its coordination role as defined in the NTTAA and OMB A-119, NIST continues to assist federal agencies and their stakeholders with standards and conformity assessment information, program support, guidance, and policy concerns. NIST hosts http://standards.gov, which offers ongoing practical guidance and information needed by agencies to implement the NTTAA successfully and report standards activities as required by the NTTAA and OMB Circular A-119. This report fulfills the annual reporting requirements of both the NTTAA and OMB Circular A-119.
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H., Kassa, Tefera B., and Fitwi G. Preliminary value chain analysis of gum and resin marketing in Ethiopia. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.17528/cifor/003422.

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Gera, Abed, Abed Watad, P. Ueng, Hei-Ti Hsu, Kathryn Kamo, Peter Ueng, and A. Lipsky. Genetic Transformation of Flowering Bulb Crops for Virus Resistance. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7575293.bard.

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Objectives. The major aim of the proposed research was to establish an efficient and reproducible genetic transformation system for Easter lily and gladiolus using either biolistics or Agrobacterium. Transgenic plants containing pathogen-derived genes for virus resistance were to be developed and then tested for virus resistance. The proposal was originally aimed at studying cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) resistance in plants, but studies later included bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV). Monoclonal antibodies were to be tested to determine their effectiveness in interning with virus infection and vector (aphid) transmission. Those antibodies that effectively interfered with virus infection and transmission were to be cloned as single chain fragments and used for developing transgenic plants with the potential to resist virus infection. Background to the topic. Many flower crops, as lily and gladiolus are propagated vegetatively through bulbs and corms, resulting in virus transmission to the next planting generation. Molecular genetics offers the opportunity of conferring transgene-mediated disease resistance to flower crops that cannot be achieved through classical breeding. CMV infects numerous plant species worldwide including both lilies and gladioli. Major conclusions, solutions and achievements. Results from these for future development of collaborative studies have demonstrated the potential transgenic floral bulb crops for virus resistance. In Israel, an efficient and reproducible genetic transformation system for Easter lily using biolistics was developed. Transient as well as solid expression of GUS reporter gene was demonstrated. Putative transgenic lily plantlets containing the disabled CMV replicase transgene have been developed. The in vitro ability of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against CMV to neutralize virus infectivity and block virus transmission by M. persicae were demonstrated. In the US, transgenic Gladiolus plants containing either the BYMV coat protein or antisense coat protein genes have been developed and some lines were found to be virus resistant. Long-term expression of the GUS reporter gene demonstrated that transgene silencing did not occur after three seasons of dormancy in the 28 transgenic Gladiolus plants tested. Selected monoclonal antibody lines have been isolated, cloned as single chain fragments and are being used in developing transgenic plants with CMV resistance. Ornamental crops are multi-million dollar industries in both Israel and the US. The increasing economic value of these floral crops and the increasing ban numerous pesticides makes it more important than ever that alternatives to chemical control of pathogens be studied to determine their possible role in the future. The cooperation resulted in the objectives being promoted at national and international meetings. The cooperation also enabled the technology transfer between the two labs, as well as access to instrumentation and specialization particular to the two labs.
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