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Journal articles on the topic 'Gum'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2024

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1

Arslan, Seher, and Selen Kadagan. "EFFECTS OF HYDROCOLLOID COMBINATIONS ON PHYSICAL, TEXTURAL AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF KAZANDIBI." Latin American Applied Research - An international journal 51, no. 2 (March 20, 2021): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.52292/j.laar.2021.351.

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This study investigated the effect of the utilization of different hydrocolloid combinations (guar gum-xanthan gum, carrageenan-guar gum and carrageenan-xanthan gum combinations) on kazandibi. Kazandibi containing a guar gam and carrageenan combination received the lowest syneresis value and the highest Hunter L and b values at the end of the storage period. Sample hardness and gumminess values were found as 0.46-2.41 Newton (N) and 0.453-1.806 N, respectively. Based on sensory analysis, guar gam containing formulations had the highest general appreciation during the storage period. The addition of hydrocolloids in kazandibi production resulted in positive effects on textural and sensory properties.

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2

Jorge-Aarón, Rangel-Méndez, Rubi-Castellanos Rodrigo, Ascencio-Montiel Iván de Jesús, and Moo-Puc Rosa Esther. "CYP2D6 does not impact on breast cancer-free survival in Southeast Mexican patients under tamoxifen treatment." Personalized Medicine 17, no. 4 (July 1, 2020): 261–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/pme-2019-0135.

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Aim: We conducted a retrospective analysis in 71 Mexican Mestizo patients to evaluate the breast cancer-free survival (BCFS) among the inferred genetic phenotypes (GP) of CYP2D6. Patients & methods: CYP2D6 was genotyped through Taqman-probe analysis; GP were inferred according to international guidelines. The BCFS was estimated through Kaplan–Meier method and analyzed with a log-rank test; hazard ratios were calculated with 95% CI and p < 0.05. Results: The BCFS did not differ among CYP2D6 GP (p = 0.45) and recurrence risk was similar between gNM + gUM and gPM + gIM groups (hazard ratio: 1.54, 95% CI: 0.37–6.38; p = 0.55). Conclusion: The findings do not support any impact of CYP2D6 on BCFS. Evaluation of other genetic/nongenetic biomarkers is needed in Mexican Mestizo patients under tamoxifen treatment.

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3

Al-Mosawi, Aamir Jalal. "Acacia gum (gum arabic)." Therapy 3, no. 2 (March 2006): 311–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/14750708.3.2.311.

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4

Segrest, Austin. "Gum." Ecotone 16, no. 1 (2020): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ect.2020.0021.

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5

Trinder, P. W., K. Hammond, J. S. Mattson, A. S. Partridge, and S. L. Peyton Jones. "GUM." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 31, no. 5 (May 1996): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/249069.231392.

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6

Nancy Canyon. "Gum." Fourth Genre: Explorations in Nonfiction 11, no. 1 (2009): 135–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/fge.0.0073.

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7

King, Karen, and Richard Gray. "The effect of gamma irradiation on guar gum, locust bean gum, gum tragacanth and gum karaya." Food Hydrocolloids 6, no. 6 (February 1993): 559–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0268-005x(09)80079-9.

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8

Jangra, Surender, Ramesh Pothuraju, Raj K. Sharma, and Gaurav Bhakri. "Co-Administration of Soluble Fibres and Lactobacillus casei NCDC19 Fermented Milk Prevents Adiposity and Insulin Resistance Via Modulation of Lipid Mobilization Genes in Diet-Induced Obese Mice." Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets 20, no. 9 (November 5, 2020): 1543–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871530320666200526123621.

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Background: Numerous reports explaining the beneficial health effects of soluble fibres and probiotics on lifestyle disorders have been published. However, a little information is available on coadministration of soluble fibres such as gum acacia & inulin and probiotic lactobacilli. Therefore, in the present study, we have evaluated the synergistic effects of soluble fibres and probiotic fermented milk on adiposity, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in C57BL/6 mice fed high-fat and sucrose diet for 18 weeks. Objective: To explore the synergistic effect of soluble fibres (gum acacia/inulin) and Lactobacillus casei NCDC19 fermented milk on adiposity, insulin resistance and lipid mobilization genes in dietinduced obese mice. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were divided randomly into three groups (n = 9/group) according to their body weights. The HFS group was fed high-fat and sucrose diet, the HFS-GFM group was fed HFS diet incorporated with gum acacia (7%, w/w) along with L. casei NCDC19 fermented milk and HFSIFM group was fed HFS diet incorporated with inulin (7%, w/w) along with L. casei NCDC19 fermented milk. Results: At the end of the experiment, final body weight, epididymal fat (E.fat) weight, and adipocyte size were found to be lower in groups received either gum acacia or inulin in combination with L. casei NCDC19 fermented milk (HFS-GFM or HFS-IFM). Also, fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, triglycerides, and VLDL-cholesterol levels were decreased significantly in both HFS-GFM and HFSIFM fed groups. Furthermore, relative mRNA expression of genes (cpt1, foxa2, pgc1β, and pparα) related to fatty acid oxidation enhanced significantly in the liver. In E.fat pad, expression of adiponectin was upregulated, whereas, leptin expression was reduced considerably. Also, expression of fasting-induced adipose factor enhanced significantly in the distal ileum of mice in HFS-GFM and HFS-IFM groups. Conclusion: Overall, we demonstrate that co-administration of soluble fibres viz. gum acacia, inulin and L. casei NCDC19 fermented milk exhibited the anti-adiposity effects, improved insulin sensitivity and dyslipidemia in mice via modulation of lipid mobilization genes.

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9

Dewey, F. M., M. I. Thurston, and Q. C. B. Cronk. "Monoclonal antibodies that differentiate between gum arabic, gum seyal and combretum gum." Food and Agricultural Immunology 9, no. 2 (June 1997): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540109709354942.

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10

Liu, Fei, Wei Chang, Maoshen Chen, Feifei Xu, Jianguo Ma, and Fang Zhong. "Film-forming properties of guar gum, tara gum and locust bean gum." Food Hydrocolloids 98 (January 2020): 105007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.03.028.

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11

Usha S, Devika, Anusha S, Harikrishna P R, Adhul Dev Madhu, and Mita Ann Zachariah. "Guar Gum, Gellan Gum Biopolymer Soil Stabilization." E3S Web of Conferences 529 (2024): 01053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202452901053.

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In civil engineering and construction, soil stabilization is an important aspect. There are diverse conventional techniques to improve soilproperties and for soil stabilization. This study explores the viability of twotypes of biopolymers, Guar gum and Gellan gum, as sustainable and ecofriendly additives for clayey soil stabilization. Compaction, unconfined compression test, permeability, consistency limit, consolidation tests were performed in the study. The sample for the test has been prepared that biopolymer has been mixed with soil in different proportions. These biopolymers forms hydrogels when they get activated, and it enhances the bonding between soil particles thereby increasing the strength. Treating soilwith biopolymer increases dry unit weight and decreases optimum moisturecontent (OMC).Addition of gum solution reduces friction between soil particles, leading to marginal increase in dry unit weight. Higher the biopolymer content lower is the OMC content and soil become more stiff. The compressive strength and load bearing capacity isfound increasing soilbiopolymerspecimen upon different days of curing. For every tested percentage of treatment the percentage reduction factor rises withbiopolymer concentration due to drop in void ratio that results in a drop in the soil's permeability. Guar Gum and Gellan Gum are used as stabilizers in soil treatment, increasing liquid and plastic limits, shrinkage limit, and viscosity. They activate hydrogels, strengthen bonding activity, and increaseshrinkage limit. The addition of Guar Gum and Gellan Gum improves soil biopolymer mix viscosity and adhesion. The findings of this study positivelyimply that adding this material to weak soil would improve the soil’s characteristics.

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12

Sharma, S., and Niranjan Prasad. "Comparison of Gum Tapping Techniques for Gum Karaya - A Gum of Commercial Importance." Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 20, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2013-od32c5.

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Nine trees of Sterculia urens were selected for experimentation. Out of nine trees, three were used for gum tapping through semicircular blazing and remaining six trees were tapped through gum inducer technique. After one month, each blaze and hole made on the trees were again treated following same technique/method for gum collection. Treatment was done eleven times at an interval of one month during the period of experiment. To know the effect of treatment and treatment interval on gum yield, collection of gum was carried out from each tree separately at monthly interval just before beginning of subsequent treatment operation. Higher diameter tree yielded more gum in both the techniques of gum tapping, however, gum yield was maximum in case of gum inducer technique. The gum inducer technology was found suitable for karaya gum tapping from Sterculia urens trees in Jharkhand region with less harm (17 times by volume) on the trees and more gum production (about 200%) in comparison to semi circular blazing technique of gum tapping.

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13

Al-Shammari, Bushra B. G., Rawdhah M. A. Al-Ali, and Ali A. S. Al-Sahi. "Physical and Functional Properties of Extracted Gum from Fenugreek Seeds." Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences 32 (September 18, 2019): 217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2019.164.

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The physical properties of extracted gum from Fenugreek seeds Trigonella foenum graccum L. were determined and compared with both Arabic and Acacia gums. The gum was extracted using water and precipitated with ethanol. There were a number of differences among gums regarding the pH value, density, refractive index and the wavelength. The pH value of the Fenugreek gum was 6.69, while the lowest value was 5.02 in the Arabic gum. In contrast, the density of 1% Fenugreek gum was found to be 1.025 g.ml-1 compared with Arabic gum 1.0133 g.ml-1 and Acacia gum 1.0134 g ml-1. The refractive index values were 1.3340, 1.3335 and 1.3336 for Fenugreek gum, Arabic gum, and Acacia gum, respectively. Moreover, the maximum wavelength of the Fenugreek seeds gum was at 330 nm, while the results observed that both Arabic gum and acacia gum had the same wave length (300 nm). The functional properties of extracted Fenugreek gum were studied; the value of swelling Index was 90.90% compared to both Arabic gum (0.20%) and Acacia gum (0.20 %). The solubility of the Fenugreek gum was 40% and 50% at 25°C, and 80°C, respectively. The results also showed that Fenugreek gum had high oil holding capacity value of 0.88% compared with the Arabic gum and Acacia gum. The Fenugreek gum was succeeded to form gels at 4°C using concentration 1, 2, 3 and 4%, while the Arabic gum and Acacia gum did not form gel at different concentrations.

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14

Panov, Vladimir. "Gum massage." Varna Medical Forum 8, no. 2 (September 27, 2019): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.14748/vmf.v8i2.6060.

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15

&NA;. "Guar gum." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 428 (November 1992): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199204280-00029.

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16

Todd, Peter A., Paul Benfield, and Karen L. Goa. "Guar Gum." Drugs 39, no. 6 (June 1990): 917–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00003495-199039060-00007.

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17

&NA;. "Guar gum." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 413 (August 1992): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199204130-00024.

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18

Bennett, Hal. "Chewing Gum." Black American Literature Forum 21, no. 4 (1987): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2904110.

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19

&NA;. "Mastic gum." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 862 (July 2001): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200108620-00027.

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&NA;. "Mastic gum." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 883 (January 2002): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200208830-00016.

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21

Edgar, Stephen. "GHOST GUM." Yale Review 105, no. 1 (2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tyr.2017.0004.

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&NA;. "Guar gum." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 339 (February 1991): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199103390-00053.

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23

LUSTED, ISOBEL. "Gum baby." Critical Quarterly 35, no. 2 (June 1993): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8705.1993.tb00461.x.

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24

Gundabolu, K., G. Kong, and A. Verma. "Gum hypertrophy." Canadian Medical Association Journal 180, no. 4 (February 17, 2009): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.080424.

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25

Pelczar, Michael R. "CHEWING GUM." Journal of the American Dental Association 139, no. 9 (September 2008): 1164–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2008.0323.

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26

Giavasis, Ioannis, Linda M. Harvey, and Brian McNeil. "Gellan Gum." Critical Reviews in Biotechnology 20, no. 3 (January 2000): 177–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07388550008984169.

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27

BURKS, RAYCHELLE. "chewing gum." Chemical & Engineering News 85, no. 32 (August 6, 2007): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v085n032.p036.

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28

Edgar, Stephen. "GHOST GUM." Yale Review 105, no. 1 (January 2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/yrev.13161.

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29

Winter, George. "Chewing gum." British Journal of Neuroscience Nursing 12, no. 1 (February 2, 2016): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjnn.2016.12.1.40.

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30

Savoie, John. "Sweet Gum." JAMA 302, no. 3 (July 15, 2009): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2009.1009.

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31

I, Abdullah. "COVID Gum." Scientific American 326, no. 5 (May 2022): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0522-21.

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32

Gregurke, John E. "Pyrenees Gum." Ballarat Naturalist (2012:Oct) (October 2012): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.385037.

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33

Hassan Elnasikh, Sara. "The Factors Affecting Exports of Gum Talha after changing the Gum Arabic Specifications in 1998 Using ARDL Model." Journal of Agricultural Science 4, no. 1 (October 26, 2022): 107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.52981/fajas.v4i1.2762.

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This research aimed to identify the most important factors affecting the exports of gum Talha after changes in gum arabic specifications in 1998. Secondary data covered the period 1999-2018 was used. A co-integration analysis is performed using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test approach. The study demonstrated the significant long-run relationship between exports of gum Talha and gum Talha FOB with an elasticity of (-1.67), gum Hashab’s FOB with an elasticity of (1.33) and lagged exports of gum Hashab with an elasticity of (1.34). Also, it demonstrated the significant short-run relationship between exports of gum Talha and gum Talha FOB (-0.96), gum Hashab FOB (.75), lagged exports of gum Hashab (0.14) and abolishment of monopoly using dummy variables (1.81). The demand for gum Talha export and Hashab gum FOB price indicated cross elasticity which was significantly elastic in the long run but insignificantly inelastic in the short run. The study concluded that there is an increase in the global demand for Sudan gum Talha but gum Talha and gum Hashab are not alternative export commodities.

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34

Cairns, P., M. J. Miles, and V. J. Morris. "Intermolecular binding of xanthan gum and carob gum." Nature 322, no. 6074 (July 1986): 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/322089a0.

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35

Ramos-Maldonado, Fabian, Isabel Hernández-Montoya, and Néstor Rojas-Reyes. "Rheological modeling of cellulose gum, xanthan gum, and guar gum mixtures in aqueous solutions." DYNA 90, no. 229 (December 15, 2023): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v90n229.109644.

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The synergistic effects observed in hydrocolloid mixtures hold significant potential for the discovery of new industrial products and compounds. Through an examination of the rheological behavior of mixtures of cellulose gum, xanthan gum, and guar gum, synergistic viscosity patterns were observed in binary mixtures. Notably, the viscosity of these mixtures exceeded that of the individual components. Binary and ternary systems with high elasticity and minimal temporal variation exhibited low levels of thixotropy and demonstrated stable elastic modulus values across various frequencies. Ternary mixtures containing a high proportion of xanthan gum exhibit enhanced stability in response to temperature fluctuations. This underscores the potential of hydrocolloid mixtures to yield novel functionalities by capitalizing on the distinct rheological behaviors arising from their interactions.

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36

Dev, Druv, Diksha Kumari Rehal, and DN Prasad. "PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF MODIFIED TAMARIND SEED GUM AS A NOVEL SUPERDISINTEGRANT." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, no. 5-s (October 1, 2018): 372–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i5-s.1994.

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The aim of present study was to preparation and evaluation of modified Tamarind seed as natural superdisintegrant. The extracted gum from the Tamarind seed was modified chemically by carboxymethylation of extracted gum was done to improve the hydrophilic nature of the gum. Futher, carboxymethylated gum was complexed by using calcium chloride to enhances the wetting capacity of the gum. The modification in functional group of extracted gum, carboxymethyled gum, Calcium complexed gum was studied by FT-IR spectrophotometer. The DSC studies shows that the changes in melting point of the carboxymethyled gum and the calcium complexed gum as compared to the extracted gum without undergoing chemical modification. The modified gum was then subjected to different studies like color, pH of gum solution, swelling indexetc. The dummy tablet prepared with calcium complexed modified Tamarind seed gum to check its disintegration effect of the tablet. The various pre-compression parameters of the tablet blend was determined like bulk density, tapped density, Carr's index, angle of repose and Hausner's ratio. The disintegration time of these dummy tablet carry the calcium complexed tamarind seed gum was compared to formulate tablet with marketed superdisintegrant i.e. sodium starch glycolate . The disintegration time of calcium complexed Tamarind seed gum was observed to be 1 min. approx. 32.5 sec. -35.2 sec. showing good disintegrating property. It can be concluded that Fast disintegrating tablet using modified Tamarind seed gum as natural superdisintegrant improves the disintegration time of the tablet. Keywords: FDT tablet, Tamarind seed gum, Sodium starch glycolate, Swelling time.

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37

Padil, Vinod V. T., and Jun Young Cheong. "Recent Advances in the Multifunctional Natural Gum-Based Binders for High-Performance Rechargeable Batteries." Energies 15, no. 22 (November 15, 2022): 8552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15228552.

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Natural gum derived from the natural surrounding (gum arabic, guar gum, xanthan gum, gellan gum, fenugreek gum, karaya gum, and acacia gum) is one of the most abundant polysaccharides currently present around the world. As natural gum dissolved solution can be very sticky in nature, its role as a binder for both anodes and cathodes in rechargeable batteries have been recently significantly researched. Although much research has been delved into using natural gum as a feasible binder for rechargeable batteries, little investigation so far has taken place to compile, summarize, analyze, and evaluate the current status-quo of the natural gum-based binder research, as well as understanding some of the obstacles and issues that may need to be addressed. This review gives a comprehensive review on the natural gum-based binder that was used for both anode and cathode in rechargeable batteries and how each kind of natural gum improved the electrochemical performance in terms of cycle retention and rate capabilities. Furthermore, more systematic analysis and future projections for the research on natural gum-based binders are presented, which will serve to further the promising research related to utilizing natural gum as an efficient binder for rechargeable battery systems.

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38

Sekartini, Rini, Tjhin Wiguna, Saptawati Bardosono, Dian Novita, Tiana Arsianti, Wim Calame, and Anne Schaafsma. "The effect of lactose–isomaltulose-containing growing-up milks on cognitive performance of Indonesian children: a cross-over study." British Journal of Nutrition 110, no. 6 (May 17, 2013): 1089–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114513000135.

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Glycaemic response to dietary carbohydrates might have an impact on cognitive performance. The present study investigated the effects of growing-up milks (GUM) with isomaltulose and extra minerals and vitamins or lower protein content on cognitive parameters in children aged 5–6 years. In a blinded, partly randomised, controlled, cross-over study, four GUM were provided, each taken over 14 d (2 × 200 ml/d): standard (Std) GUM; Std GUM+5 g isomaltulose (Iso-5 GUM); Iso-5 GUM with 26 % less protein (Iso-5 LP GUM); Std GUM with 2·5 g isomaltulose and extra Mg, Zn, Se, D3, B1, B2, B12, folic acid and choline (Iso-2·5 GUM). At test days, when GUM replaced breakfast, repeated (0, 60, 120 and 180 min post-dose) cognitive tasks were performed (picture presentation, simple reaction time, digit vigilance, choice reaction time, spatial and numeric working memory and picture recognition). Task performance of all subjects (n 50) worsened over the morning. Best performance was seen on isomaltulose GUM, most notably at 180 min. Iso-2·5 GUM showed best performance on several parameters of attention and memory, Iso-5 GUM performed best on parameters of memory and Iso-5 LP GUM was positively associated with parameters of attention but less with memory. Std GUM showed only a benefit on one attention and one memory task. Thus, isomaltulose-enriched GUM positively affected parameters of attention and memory at 180 min post-dose when compared with Std GUM. Extra minerals and vitamins seem beneficial, whereas lowering protein content might improve attention in particular.

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Roy, Amit Saha. "Improper Disposal of Non-biodegradable Chewing Gum is One of the Biggest Threats to Our Ecology: A Review." Current World Environment 16, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 916–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.16.3.22.

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One of the oldest habits of human beings is chewing gum. It has continued from ancient civilizations to the current time. Gum chewing provides a relaxing experience that individuals enjoy for a long time. The non-food item, chewing gum, has a long history. The gradual progression of its development has provided us with a greater flavour as well as extra medicinal properties. Chewing gum is known for its stress-relieving qualities as well as its ability to keep our mouths fresh. Soon, ‘chewing gum’ will be included as part of the drug delivery mechanism. Unfortunately, it has had some negative consequences. Modern chewing gum is made of non-biodegradable hydrophobic polymers together with artificial sweeteners and flavours. So, chewing this sort of synthetic material over a long time could produce some adverse effects. After chewing, most individuals throw the waste part of chewing gum everywhere, resulting in environmental trash known as 'gum pollution. Each year, chewing gum generates more than 105 tonnes of "plastic" garbage. Thus, the discarded non-biodegradable residue of the gum produces plastic pollution. Every year, enormous sums of money are spent to clean up the abandoned gum from the streets. Again, it has a high potential to trap bacteria inside. Therefore, this widespread habit causes an additional nuisance in this pandemic situation. As a result, the waste part of the gum has multiple dimensions to pollute our environment. Gum disposal has become a major problem all across the world. Gum litter can only be reduced by properly disposing of gum. As a result, it's time to reconsider the role of chewing gum in terms of human health and the environment. This article emphasizes the importance of proper waste (gum) disposal and calls for increased awareness to safeguard our environment from "gum pollution."

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40

Acock, Mary C., Zhongchun Wang, Basil Acock, and Robert Jones. "Gum Yield as Affected by Capsule Age, Firmness, Gum Collecting Methods, and Phenotypes in Opium Poppy." HortScience 31, no. 7 (December 1996): 1156–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.7.1156.

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The U.S. State Dept. annually publishes estimates of narcotic drug crop production worldwide. The areas under cultivation are well known but yields per unit land area are not. Determining opium gum yield from illicitly grown poppy Papaver somniferum L. is difficult and dangerous. Removing plants from the field and harvesting gum in a safe place would allow us to measure gum yield from one short field visit. To interpret these results in terms of total gum yield from the field, one must know how the measured gum is affected by gum collecting method, capsule age, and phenotype. Opium poppy seeds from three phenotypes (purple, white, and red-white flowers) were grown in a greenhouse and plants were either cut at the soil level or left intact for opium gum harvest at 7, 12, and 22 days after flowering (DAF). Capsule firmness was measured to estimate gum yield and capsule age, and the relationship between total gum yield and yield from the first lancing was examined. The average gum yield (8.4 mg·g–1 dry weight capsule) for the purple-flowered phenotypes was 17% and 25% lower than for the white- and red/white-flowered phenotypes, respectively. Capsule firmness of the three phenotypes varied from ≈800 to 2300 N·m–1 as the capsule aged. Gum yield and capsule firmness increased with capsule age but the timing of those changes differed among phenotypes. No significant correlations were found between capsule firmness and gum yield or between capsule firmness and age. Therefore, capsule firmness cannot be used to predict gum yield or capsule age. Gum yield from the first lancing was linearly correlated with total gum yield (r2 = 0.82). Since this relationship changes with growing condition, it is insufficient to predict total gum yield. Gum yield from cut plants was significantly lower than from intact plants for all three phenotypes at 22 DAF and for white-flowered phenotypes at 12 DAF. No difference in gum yield was observed between cut and intact plants at 7 or 12 DAF for purple and red/white-flowered phenotypes. The relationship between gum yield from cut and intact plants was too variable to predict gum yield from intact plants by measuring gum yield from cut plants.

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41

Kuruwanshi, Vidya Bhushan, Pratibha Katiyar, and Shabnam Khan. "Scientific Approaches of Gum Tapping in Gum Karaya (Sterculia urens Roxb.) for High Gum Production." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 6, no. 8 (August 10, 2017): 3366–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.608.402.

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Wang, Qi, Walther Burchard, Steve W. Cui, Xiaoqing Huang, and Glyn O. Phillips. "Solution Properties of Conventional Gum Arabic and a Matured Gum Arabic (Acacia(sen) SUPER GUM)." Biomacromolecules 9, no. 4 (April 2008): 1163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bm7011696.

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Safronov, A. P., L. V. Adamova, and G. V. Kurlyandskaya. "Flory–Huggins Parameters of Guar Gum, Xanthan Gum, Agarose, and Gellan Gum in Aqueous Solutions." Polymer Science, Series A 61, no. 1 (January 2019): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0965545x19010139.

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jerad, Bushra Bader, Rawdhah Mahmoud Ali, and Ali Ahmed Sahi. "STUDY THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF GUM EXTRACTED FROM LOCAL OKRA PODS." Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal 12, special (July 16, 2020): 378–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.52951/dasj.20121032.

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The study includes extraction of gum from okra by using water as asolvent nd study physic-chemical of okra gum compared with Arabic gum and acacia, The results of physical properties of okra gum showed that the value of pH6.06,density and specific gravity were 1.029 gm/cm3 ,and 1.0414,the refractive index 1.3342,viscosity was 78.17 cent poise,which the value of pH,density and specific gravity,the refractive index,viscosity in Arabic gum and acacia 5.19, 5.02 and 1.0255, 1.256 gm/cm3 and1.0133, 1.0134and1.3335, 1.3334 and 9.1, 9.61 cent poise respectively, The results of functional properties were as follow: swelling index was 90% compared with Arabic gum and acacia 0.20 and 0.20% , solubility was reached 39 and 51% at 25 and 80C° respectively which in less than Arabic gum and acacia 90 and 100%, The results also showed that okra gum had high oil-holding capacity value 0.76 gm gum/gm oil compared Arabic gum and acacia ,The okra gum was succeed to form gels at 4C° using concentration 3 and 4%,which the Arabic gum and acacia did not form gels at different concentrations.

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Baskara, I. Dewa Md Bagus Putra, Desak Nyoman Ari Susanti, and Ratna Kusumadewi Giri. "Perbandingan efektivitas permen karet yang mengandung ekstrak teh hijau â€œcamellia sinesisâ€ dengan permen karet yang mengandung xylitol terhadap penurunan tingkat halitosis pada mahasiswa di Universitas Udayana." Bali Dental Journal 3, no. 2 (July 25, 2019): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.51559/bdj.v3i2.165.

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Introduction: Halitosis is a oral maloudour that comes from mouth and caused by Volatile Sulfure Compounds. The Solution to overcome the malodour is by chewing gum. Chewing gum that often consumed by a lot people is chewing gum that contain green tea extract and chewing gum that contain xylitol. The purpose in this study is to compare the efectiveness of chewing gum that contain green tea extract and chewing gum that contain xylitol in reduce halitosis rate on Udayana University student. Method: This study used an experimental study, with 32 student on Udayana University as a sample that divided into 2 groups including groups of study subject that were instructed to chew gum that contain green tea extract and groups of study subject that were instructed to chew gum that contain xylitol. The sample was taken by using purposive sampling technique. Result: The result in this study show chewing gum contain green extract is more effective in reducing halitosis based on the halitosis level measurement that show constant value at minute 20 to minute 40 with mean 2,13 compared with chewing gum contain xylitol that have 2,88 value. There are significant differences on the effectiveness of chewing gum contain green tea extract and chewing gum contain xylitol to reduce the halitosis level with the p value 0,000 (p<0,05). Conclusion: Chewing gum containg green tea extract is more effective to reduce halitosis compared to xylitol chewing gum.

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Tal, Aner, B. Wansink, and S. Miquel-Kergoat. "Groceries and Gum: Chewing Gum Influences Grocery Store Shopping." Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior 46, no. 4 (July 2014): S176—S177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2014.04.259.

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Semalty, Mona, T. Bisht, and A. Semalty. "A Comparative Study of Triple-Layered Aceclofenac Matrix Tablets Formulated using Xanthan Gum and Guar Gum." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 5, no. 1 (May 31, 2012): 1621–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2012.5.1.5.

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The aim of the present study was to develop sustained release, multilayered-matrix tablet of aceclofenac using natural polymers-guar gum (GG) and xanthan gum (XG) as carrier for core matrix and hydroxyl propylmethyl cellulose (HPMC K-15M), sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) and ethyl cellulose (EC) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP-K30) for preparing bottom and top layers. The formulated tablets were evaluated for uniformity of weight, drug content, friability, hardness, thickness, swelling index and in vitro drug release. The physicochemical properties of tablets were found within the limits. The physiochemical investigation showed that aceclofenac matrix tablet prepared with xanthan gum showed better dissolution profile as compared to that of guar gum. Matrix tablets of xanthan gum with 6% W/V xanthan gum (MTX1) showed the highest percent drug release (88.98%), while matrix tablets of guar gum with 6% W/V guar gum (MTG1) showed the highest percent drug release (73.89%) at the end of 8 hours in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer. Among the matrix tablet of xanthan gum MTX4 (with 24% W/V of xanthan) showed the lowest percent drug release (49.6%) and while among the guar gum tablets MTG4 (with 24% W/V of guar gum) showed the lowest percent drug release (48.65%) at the end of 8 hours. It was concluded that increasing the concentration of gum from 6% W/V to 24% W/V in the formulation decreased the amount of drug release from the tablet. The xanthan gum based matrix tablets of aceclofenac were found to be superior to that of guar gum matrix tablets for potential therapeutic uses.

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Horax, Sherly, Sarah Eva Chalid, and Eri Hendra Jubhari. "Differences in salivary flow rate and pH between chewing gum of xylitol and sucrose in elementary school students in Makassar." Makassar Dental Journal 9, no. 2 (July 25, 2020): 160–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.35856/mdj.v9i2.339.

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Caries can be caused by various factors such as the amount of salivary flow, salivary acidity, etc. It needs to be known by chewing gum with xylitol and sucrose are most excellent to preventing caries in children. This study aimed to determine the difference of salivary flow while chewing xylitol gum and sucrose bubble gum in students of SD Inpres Toddopuli Makassar. This qualitative research with quase experimental studies method is the pre- and post-test design with control group. The sample criteria were children aged 9-12 years, has a superficial and media dental caries at least three teeth, did not another chewing gum about 60 minutes before examination, and willing to be research samples. As many as 30 samples each in grades 4, 5, and 6 chew xylitol gum on the first day and chew sucrose gum on the secong day of 5 minutes each. Saliva was collected on a cen-trifuge tube, observed amount and acidity of saliva. The results showed significants difference in the amount of salivary flow and acidity between xylitol chewing gum and sucrose chewing gum, namely there was different in amount of salivary flow (0.002) and for salivary pH value (0.000). It was concluded that children who chewed xylitol gum produce more saliva than sucrose chewed gum and sucrose gum had higher acidity than xylitol gum.

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Pawar, Harshal A., K. G. Lalitha, and K. Ruckmani. "Alginate beads of Captopril using galactomannan containing Senna tora gum, guar gum and locust bean gum." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 76 (May 2015): 119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.02.026.

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Su, Ying, Yi Ding Shen, Xiao Juan Lai, and Xiao Rong Wang. "Preparation and Property of Hydrophobic Modified Guar Gum Thickener." Advanced Materials Research 631-632 (January 2013): 260–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.631-632.260.

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The modified guar gum was synthesized with guar gum as material and bromododecane as etherifying agent by suspension polymerization method. The solution and gel of the modified guar gum were also prepared. The structure and the property of the modified guar gum were analysized by Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The heat resistance and the viscoelasticity modulus of the gel were also researched by rheometer. The results of FT-IR and XRD show that the hydrophobic long chain has been introduced into the guar gum successfully. TGA indicates that the modified guar gum has higher thermal stability. The rheology tests reflect that with different temperature conditions, the shear viscosity, the viscoelasticity modulus of the gel and the heat resistance of the modified guar gum are both better than that of the unmodified guar gum. The modified guar gum can be used as thickener of fracturing fluid, and it can reduce its amount.

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