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Journal articles on the topic 'Gulf of Trieste'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 March 2023

Last updated: 1 April 2023

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1

Olivotti, R., J. Faganeli, and A. Malej. "Eutrophication of Coastal Waters – Gulf of Trieste." Water Science and Technology 18, no. 9 (September 1, 1986): 303–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0101.

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In this paper, ‘eutrophication' is defined as ‘undesirable degradation of the aquatic environment (caused by an excessive algal biomass) resulting in a deterioration of water quality which interferes with most of the beneficial uses of water; it is causing, in many cases, significant economic losses' (OECD, 1982). In other words, eutrophication is seen as a form of pollution. To achieve an evaluation of the relevance of this problem in the Gulf of Trieste, the main results of extensive chemical and biological monitoring carried out both by the Yugoslav and Italian sides in the last decade are briefly reviewed. The large amount of data on dissolved oxygen, transparency, chlorophyll, and on the obnoxious occurrence of coloured waters, indicate that the great majority of the Gulf waters are not affected by eutrophication (according the above definition); rather, the major part of the eastern (Yugoslav) waters appears to be essentially oligotrophic. Strong eutrophication, however, sometimes affects the inner part of semi-enclosed bays where large quantities of organic matter and nutrients are discharged. Such areas, such as the inner part of the Bay of Muggia, are severely polluted in many respects. A better form of treatment and disposal of sewage from Trieste (which is severely polluting the Bay of Muggia) would be advisable, and would also achieve amelioration of the trophic levels in areas laying outside the bay. The examination of numerous data concerning nutrient concentrations leads to some conclusions of significance, essentially consistent with the conclusions given above. The ƩNinorg./PO43− atomic ratio often exceeds 20. More difficult, and somewhat debatable, appears to be the assessment of the more subtle impacts of nutrients on the marine environment, given the uncertainties about the ‘natural' and/or ‘optimal' conditions to be assumed, the large variations of the ‘natural' conditions themselves, and the reaction of the environment to superimposed natural and anthropogenic impacts. This paper can be viewed as a preliminary to a more extensive review concerning, in addition, the more subtle effects induced by ‘non optimal' trophic conditions.

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2

Carulli, Giovanni Battista. "Structural model of the Trieste Gulf: A proposal." Journal of Geodynamics 51, no. 2-3 (March 2011): 156–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jog.2010.05.004.

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3

Cozzi, S., G. Adami, P. Barbieri, C. Cantoni, G. Catalano, F. Crisciani, V. Fiorotto, et al. "Matching monitoring and modelling in the Gulf of Trieste." Marine Pollution Bulletin 48, no. 5-6 (March 2004): 587–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2003.10.033.

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4

Trobec, Ana, Martina Busetti, Fabrizio Zgur, Luca Baradello, Alberto Babich, Andrea Cova, Emiliano Gordini, et al. "Thickness of marine Holocene sediment in the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic Sea)." Earth System Science Data 10, no. 2 (June 14, 2018): 1077–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1077-2018.

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Abstract. We use various geophysical datasets (multibeam and singlebeam echosounder data, sub-bottom profiling Chirp and sonar data and very high-resolution boomer seismic data) along with published sedimentological data and depth data from nautical charts in order to create models of the depth of the seafloor and the base of Holocene marine sediment in the Gulf of Trieste. The two models are later used in order to calculate the thickness of marine Holocene sediment which has been depositing on the Late Pleistocene alluvial plain since the Holocene transgression in the Italian and Slovenian parts of the gulf. Thicker Holocene marine sedimentary sequences averaging at around 5 m are characteristic for the southeastern part of the gulf. In other parts of the gulf the Holocene marine sedimentary cover is very thin or even absent, except in close proximity to the shoreline and fluvial sediment sources, in the area of the Trezza Grande paleodelta and above topographic depressions of the Late Pleistocene base. The presented datasets available from the OGS SNAP data repository (http://doi.org/cpz2) represent a valuable reference for a wide variety of research disciplines dealing with the dynamic Earth system in the Gulf of Trieste and could be used as a valuable tool for designing sampling and geophysical campaigns in the studied area.

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5

Olivotti, R., J. Faganeli, and A. Malej. "Impact of ‘Organic' Pollutants on Coastal Waters, Gulf of Trieste." Water Science and Technology 18, no. 9 (September 1, 1986): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0078.

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The main sources of potential ‘organic' pollutants (essentially pathogens, nutrients, floatables, suspended solids and detergents) discharged to the Gulf of Trieste by sewers and rivers are briefly reviewed; about 470,000 people live in the coastal area, and nearly 400,000 of them discharge sewage effluents to the Gulf. This brief review is followed by an evaluation of the impact of such discharges on the quality of marine waters, with reference to the impairment of uses such as bathing and shellfish cultivation. The sanitary and aesthetic aspects of faecal pollution which typically affect coastal waters are examined together with the water quality standards pertaining to bathing waters and shellfish cultivation areas; the extent of pollution of the coastal waters is determined. Experience gained at some wastewater treatment and disposal works is cited. On the whole, the Gulf of Trieste appears to be in a satisfactory condition: more than 85% of the shoreline (totalling 42 km in Yugoslavia and 93 km in Italy) is unpolluted, according to the pertaining standards. Ameliorations are, however, urgently needed in many respects. Recommendations regarding adequate forms of sewage treatment and disposal are made.

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6

Manfrin, Chiara, Giovanni Comisso, Andrea Dall’Asta, Nicola Bettoso, and J. Sook Chung. "The return of the Blue Crab, Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896, after 70 years from its first appearance in the Gulf of Trieste, northern Adriatic Sea, Italy (Decapoda: Portunidae)." Check List 12, no. 6 (December 2, 2016): 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/12.6.2006.

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Since August 2015, an increasing number of Blue Crabs, Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896, have been reported in the Marano and Grado Lagoon, Gulf of Trieste, in the northern Adriatic Sea. This species is not a new introduction and in fact the first record of C. sapidus in Italy and the entire Adriatic Sea dates back to 1949 in the Grado Lagoon. Interestingly, no other records of C. sapidus have been reported since the first record. Here, we note the re-appearance of C. sapidus in the Gulf of Trieste.

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7

Bettoso, Nicola, Lisa Faresi, Alessandro Felluga, and Lovrenc Lipej. "On the occurrence of the wreckfish Polyprion americanus in the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic Sea)." Acta Adriatica 61, no. 1 (June 29, 2020): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32582/aa.61.1.9.

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On 3rd June 2018 three juvenile specimens of Polyprion americanus were captured in the Gulf of Trieste. The wreckfish is a long-lived deep water demersal species characterized by an extended pelagic juvenile phase. The juvenile forms are recurrently recorded in the northern Adriatic and due to data deficiency for this species, original morphometric data are shown. The occurrence of P. americanus in the Gulf of Trieste is not a typical case of thermophilic species moving northward due to Mediterranean tropicalization, rather its recurrent appearance could be investigated for specific hydrological conditions coupled to its peculiar life span.

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8

Reyes Suárez, Nydia Catalina, Valentina Tirelli, Laura Ursella, Matjaž Ličer, Massimo Celio, and Vanessa Cardin. "Multi-platform study of the extreme bloom of the barrel jellyfish Rhizostoma pulmo (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) in the northernmost gulf of the Mediterranean Sea (Gulf of Trieste) in April 2021." Ocean Science 18, no. 5 (September 13, 2022): 1321–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-18-1321-2022.

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Abstract. On 7 April 2021, an exceptional bloom of the scyphomedusa Rhizostoma pulmo was observed in the Gulf of Trieste (Italy). Blooms of this species in the northern Adriatic Sea have been reported since the late 1800s: the density of jellyfish observed in 2021 reached more than 10 specimens per square metre. We analyse the bloom from a multi-platform approach using observations and model data at different timescales. We attempt to explain the intensity of the bloom as a consequence of thermohaline and hydrodynamical conditions in the gulf. Meteo-oceanographic conditions that may have contributed to the exceptional aggregation of jellyfish observed along the northernmost coast of the Adriatic Sea are discussed in detail. Specifically, our results indicate that this bloom was enabled by (1) the presence of a high number of jellyfish in the gulf, probably linked to the anomalously warm sea conditions in spring 2020 and winter 2021, which may have favoured a longer reproductive period and enhanced survival of adult R. pulmo, respectively; and (2) strong wind events, such as the bora wind for the Gulf of Trieste, which enhanced upwelling and mixing processes in the gulf, bringing the jellyfish from the deeper waters to the surface and clustering them along the coast.

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9

Rajar, R. "Three-dimensional modelling of mercury cycling in the Gulf of Trieste." Science of The Total Environment 260, no. 1-3 (October 9, 2000): 109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0048-9697(00)00555-6.

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10

Faganeli, J., M. Horvat, S. Covelli, V. Fajon, M. Logar, L. Lipej, and B. Cermelj. "Mercury and methylmercury in the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic Sea)." Science of The Total Environment 304, no. 1-3 (March 2003): 315–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0048-9697(02)00578-8.

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11

Enrile, F., G. Besio, A. Stocchino, M. G. Magaldi, C. Mantovani, S. Cosoli, R. Gerin, and P. M. Poulain. "Evaluation of surface Lagrangian transport barriers in the Gulf of Trieste." Continental Shelf Research 167 (September 2018): 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2018.04.016.

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12

Ogorelec, B., M. Mišič, and J. Faganeli. "Marine geology of the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic): Sedimentological aspects." Marine Geology 99, no. 1-2 (July 1991): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(91)90084-h.

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13

Faganeli, J., R. Planinc, Pezdič, B. Smodiš, P. Stegnar, and B. Ogorelec. "Marine geology of the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic): Geochemical aspects." Marine Geology 99, no. 1-2 (July 1991): 93–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(91)90085-i.

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14

Zuschin, Martin, and Peter Pervesler. "Secondary hardground-communities in the Northern Gulf of Trieste, Adriatic Sea." Senckenbergiana maritima 28, no. 1-3 (December 1996): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03042822.

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15

Serrazanetti, G. P., C. Pagnucco, L. S. Conte, R. Artusi, S. Fonda-Umani, and C. Bergami. "Sterols and fatty acids in zooplankton of the Gulf of Trieste." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry 107, no. 3 (March 1994): 443–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-0491(94)90209-7.

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16

Cantoni, Carolina, Anna Luchetta, Massimo Celio, Stefano Cozzi, Fabio Raicich, and Giulio Catalano. "Carbonate system variability in the Gulf of Trieste (North Adriatic Sea)." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 115 (December 2012): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2012.07.006.

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17

Bettoso, Nicola, and Jakov Dulicié. "First record of the oilfish Ruvettus pretiosus (Pisces: Gempylidae) in the northern Adriatic Sea." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 79, no. 6 (December 1999): 1145–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315499001496.

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18

Biondić, Božidar. "Transbouundary aquifers between Slovenia and Croatia –The area bewtween Gulf of Kvarner and Gulf of Trieste." Geologija 45, no. 2 (December 30, 2002): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5474/geologija.2002.025.

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19

Malej, A., P. Mozetic, V. Malacic, S. Terzic, and M. Ahel. "Phytoplankton responses to freshwater inputs in a small semi-enclosed gulf (Gulf of Trieste, Adriatic Sea)." Marine Ecology Progress Series 120 (1995): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps120111.

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20

Ciriaco, Saul, Lisa Faresi, and Marco Segarich. "Observations on the Feeding of Drymonema dalmatinum in the Gulf of Trieste." Diversity 13, no. 4 (April 8, 2021): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13040163.

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21

Kotnik, Jože, Dušan Žagar, Gorazd Novak, Matjaž Ličer, and Milena Horvat. "Dissolved Gaseous Mercury (DGM) in the Gulf of Trieste, Northern Adriatic Sea." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 5 (April 26, 2022): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10050587.

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Continuous dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM) measurements were performed during the summer months (May to September 2019) in the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic Sea), a well-studied contaminated site due to releases of mercury from the former mercury mine Idrija in Slovenia. Continuous DGM data were regularly checked by the discrete manual method to assure traceability and comparability of the results and used for the calculation of the upward flux of Hg(0) between the water and the air compartment, using the gas exchange model applied in previous studies in the Mediterranean Sea. DGM concentrations measured by continuous and discrete methods showed good agreement, 68.7 and 73.5 ng·m−3, respectively. The diurnal DGM variability examined by sorting the DGM concentrations in 24 1-h intervals was extremely low (68.3–69.2 ng·m−3). Various environmental parameters measured at oceanographic buoy Vida, and the nearby stations were used to determine the relationship between DGM and the individual environmental parameters. The correlation with the oxygen saturation was pronounced during the July high DGM event (R2 = 0.70, p < 0.05), and the gradient between the bottom and surface temperature was correlated with both DGM peaks in June and July (R2 = 0.42 and R2 = 0.43, p < 0.05). Transport from the more polluted northern part of the Gulf was determined as the most probable source of both high DGM events. The computed average annual Hg(0) flux across the water–air interface (5.13 ng·m−2·h−1) was lower than those reported in recent studies. We assume that for an appropriate assessment of the Hg evasion flux and of the temporal DGM variability in such heterogeneously polluted coastal areas, both spatial and temporal coverage are required.

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22

Kotnik, Jože, Dušan Žagar, Gorazd Novak, Matjaž Ličer, and Milena Horvat. "Dissolved Gaseous Mercury (DGM) in the Gulf of Trieste, Northern Adriatic Sea." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 5 (April 26, 2022): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10050587.

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Continuous dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM) measurements were performed during the summer months (May to September 2019) in the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic Sea), a well-studied contaminated site due to releases of mercury from the former mercury mine Idrija in Slovenia. Continuous DGM data were regularly checked by the discrete manual method to assure traceability and comparability of the results and used for the calculation of the upward flux of Hg(0) between the water and the air compartment, using the gas exchange model applied in previous studies in the Mediterranean Sea. DGM concentrations measured by continuous and discrete methods showed good agreement, 68.7 and 73.5 ng·m−3, respectively. The diurnal DGM variability examined by sorting the DGM concentrations in 24 1-h intervals was extremely low (68.3–69.2 ng·m−3). Various environmental parameters measured at oceanographic buoy Vida, and the nearby stations were used to determine the relationship between DGM and the individual environmental parameters. The correlation with the oxygen saturation was pronounced during the July high DGM event (R2 = 0.70, p < 0.05), and the gradient between the bottom and surface temperature was correlated with both DGM peaks in June and July (R2 = 0.42 and R2 = 0.43, p < 0.05). Transport from the more polluted northern part of the Gulf was determined as the most probable source of both high DGM events. The computed average annual Hg(0) flux across the water–air interface (5.13 ng·m−2·h−1) was lower than those reported in recent studies. We assume that for an appropriate assessment of the Hg evasion flux and of the temporal DGM variability in such heterogeneously polluted coastal areas, both spatial and temporal coverage are required.

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23

Kotnik, Jože, Dušan Žagar, Gorazd Novak, Matjaž Ličer, and Milena Horvat. "Dissolved Gaseous Mercury (DGM) in the Gulf of Trieste, Northern Adriatic Sea." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 5 (April 26, 2022): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10050587.

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Continuous dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM) measurements were performed during the summer months (May to September 2019) in the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic Sea), a well-studied contaminated site due to releases of mercury from the former mercury mine Idrija in Slovenia. Continuous DGM data were regularly checked by the discrete manual method to assure traceability and comparability of the results and used for the calculation of the upward flux of Hg(0) between the water and the air compartment, using the gas exchange model applied in previous studies in the Mediterranean Sea. DGM concentrations measured by continuous and discrete methods showed good agreement, 68.7 and 73.5 ng·m−3, respectively. The diurnal DGM variability examined by sorting the DGM concentrations in 24 1-h intervals was extremely low (68.3–69.2 ng·m−3). Various environmental parameters measured at oceanographic buoy Vida, and the nearby stations were used to determine the relationship between DGM and the individual environmental parameters. The correlation with the oxygen saturation was pronounced during the July high DGM event (R2 = 0.70, p < 0.05), and the gradient between the bottom and surface temperature was correlated with both DGM peaks in June and July (R2 = 0.42 and R2 = 0.43, p < 0.05). Transport from the more polluted northern part of the Gulf was determined as the most probable source of both high DGM events. The computed average annual Hg(0) flux across the water–air interface (5.13 ng·m−2·h−1) was lower than those reported in recent studies. We assume that for an appropriate assessment of the Hg evasion flux and of the temporal DGM variability in such heterogeneously polluted coastal areas, both spatial and temporal coverage are required.

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24

Ogrinc, N. "The Characterization of Sedimentary Iron in the Gulf of Trieste (N Adriatic)." Mineralogical Magazine 62A, no. 2 (1998): 1102–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1998.62a.2.243.

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25

Horvat, Milena, Stefano Covelli, Jadran Faganeli, Martina Logar, Vesna Mandić, Rudi Rajar, Andrej Širca, and Dušan Žagar. "Mercury in contaminated coastal environments; a case study: the Gulf of Trieste." Science of The Total Environment 237-238 (September 1999): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0048-9697(99)00123-0.

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26

Cossarini, Gianpiero, and Cosimo Solidoro. "Global sensitivity analysis of a trophodynamic model of the Gulf of Trieste." Ecological Modelling 212, no. 1-2 (March 2008): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.10.009.

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27

Serrazanetti, G. P., C. Pagnucco, L. S. Conte, and R. Artusi. "Aliphatic hydrocarbons and linear alkylbenzenes in zooplankton from the Gulf of Trieste." Chemosphere 28, no. 6 (March 1994): 1119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(94)90330-1.

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28

Cozzi, Stefano, Andrea Mistaro, Stefania Sparnocchia, Luigi Colugnati, Oliver Bajt, and Loredana Toniatti. "Anthropogenic loads and biogeochemical role of urea in the Gulf of Trieste." Science of The Total Environment 493 (September 2014): 271–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.148.

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29

Karuza, Ana, Serena Fonda Umani, and Paola Del Negro. "The (un)coupling between viruses and prokaryotes in the Gulf of Trieste." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 115 (December 2012): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2012.03.030.

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30

Falcieri, F. M., L. Kantha, A. Benetazzo, A. Bergamasco, D. Bonaldo, F. Barbariol, V. Malačič, M. S. Sclavo, and S. Carniel. "Turbulence observations in the Gulf of Trieste under moderate wind forcing and different water column stratification." Ocean Science Discussions 12, no. 4 (August 14, 2015): 1729–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-12-1729-2015.

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Abstract. During the oceanographic campaign CARPET2014, between 30 January and 4 February 2014, a total of 478 microstructure profiles (grouped into 145 ensembles) and 38 CTD casts were made in the Gulf of Trieste (Northern Adriatic Sea) under moderate wind forcing (average wind speed 10 m s-1) and heat fluxes (net negative heat flux in the range of 150 to 400 W m-2). Among the collected profiles, there were three sets of yoyo casts, each lasting for about 12 h for a total of 50 casts. Overall, these represent the first turbulence observations collected in the Gulf of Trieste. Microstructure profiles collected with a free-falling profiler must be taken in enables of repeated casts, with the objective of obtaining more statistically significant values for turbulence parameters. This approach is certainly feasible in shallow waters, but has a down side when the vertical density structure includes strong interfaces that can move up or down between subsequent casts, under the influence of tides and internal waves. In order to minimize the smearing effect of such interfacial displacements on mean quantities, we developed an algorithm to realign, according to the temperature profile, successive microstructure profiles to produce sharper and more meaningful mean profiles of measured turbulence parameters. During CARPET2014, the water column in the Gulf evolved from a well-mixed condition to a stratified one, due to Adriatic waters intruding at the bottom along the Gulf's south-eastern coast. These waters stratified the water column and changed its stability characteristics, which in turn prevented wind driven turbulence from penetrating to the bottom of the water column. In this study, we show that during a warm and relatively dry winter, such as in 2014, the Gulf of Trieste was not completely mixed because of the influence of bottom waters intruding from the open sea, even under moderate wind forcing. Inside the Gulf, two types of water intrusions from the Adriatic Sea were observed during the yoyo casts: one coming from its northern coast (i.e. warmer, saltier and more turbid) and one coming from the open sea in front of the Po Delta (i.e. cooler, fresher and less turbid). Those two intrusions behaved similarly but had a different impact on turbulence kinetic energy dissipation rate profiles. The former, with high turbidity, acted as a barrier to wind-driven turbulence, while the latter, with low sediment concentrations and a smaller density gradient when compared to the rest of the water column, was not able to suppress downward penetration of turbulence from the surface to the same degree.

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31

Klun, Katja, Primož Šket, Alfred Beran, Ingrid Falnoga, and Jadran Faganeli. "Composition of Colloidal Organic Matter in Phytoplankton Exudates." Water 15, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15010111.

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The colloidal organic matter (COM) was isolated from the exudates of three cultured phytoplonkters, namely the chlophyte nanoflagellate Tetraselmis sp., the diatom Chaetoceros socialis and the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum, from the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic Sea). The isolation of COM was performed by ultrafiltration with molecular weight cut-off membranes of 5 kDa and final desalinisation by dialysis. The composition of the COM was characterised using C elemental analysis and 1H NMR spectroscopy and compared with COM isolated from a marine sample from the same area (Gulf of Trieste). By using 1H NMR spectroscopy, it was possible to semi-quantitatively determine the concentrations of the main biochemical constituents present in the COM samples. The results showed that the phytoplankton COM was predominantly composed of polysaccharides, with minor contributions from proteins and especially lipids. Therefore, the phytoplankton COM mainly contributes to the marine COM pool in the polysaccharide fraction and less in the protein and lipid fractions.

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32

Falcieri, Francesco Marcello, Lakshmi Kantha, Alvise Benetazzo, Andrea Bergamasco, Davide Bonaldo, Francesco Barbariol, Vlado Malačič, Mauro Sclavo, and Sandro Carniel. "Turbulence observations in the Gulf of Trieste under moderate wind forcing and different water column stratification." Ocean Science 12, no. 2 (March 11, 2016): 433–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-12-433-2016.

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Abstract. The oceanographic campaign CARPET2014 (Characterizing Adriatic Region Preconditionig EvenTs), (30 January–4 February 2014) collected the very first turbulence data in the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic Sea) under moderate wind (average wind speed 10 m s−1) and heat flux (net negative heat flux ranging from 150 to 400 W m−2). Observations consisted of 38 CTD (Conductivity, Temperature, Depth) casts and 478 microstructure profiles (grouped into 145 ensembles) with three sets of yoyo casts, each lasting for about 12 consecutive hours. Averaging closely repeated casts, such as the ensembles, can lead to a smearing effect when in the presence of a vertical density structure with strong interfaces that can move up or down between subsequent casts under the influence of tides and internal waves. In order to minimize the smearing effect of such displacements on mean quantities, we developed an algorithm to realign successive microstructure profiles to produce sharper and more meaningful mean profiles of measured turbulence parameters. During the campaign, the water column in the gulf evolved from well-mixed to stratified conditions due to Adriatic waters intruding at the bottom along the gulf's south-eastern coast. We show that during the warm and relatively dry winter, the water column in the Gulf of Trieste, even under moderate wind forcing, was not completely mixed due to the influence of bottom waters intruding from the open sea. Inside the gulf, two types of water intrusions were found during yoyo casts: one coming from the northern coast of the Adriatic Sea (i.e. cooler, fresher and more turbid) and one coming from the open sea in front of the Po Delta (i.e. warmer, saltier and less turbid). The two intrusions had different impacts on turbulence kinetic energy dissipation rate profiles. The former, with high turbidity, acted as a barrier to wind-driven turbulence, while the latter, with low sediment concentrations and a smaller vertical density gradient, was not able to suppress downward penetration of turbulence from the surface.

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33

BAJC, ZLATKA, and ANDREJ KIRBIŠ. "Trace Element Concentrations in Mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from the Gulf of Trieste, Slovenia." Journal of Food Protection 82, no. 3 (February 21, 2019): 429–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-378.

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ABSTRACT The concentrations of the trace elements zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and iron (Fe) were examined in Mediterranean blue mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from the Northern Adriatic Sea to determine whether there were site differences and seasonal variations in metal concentrations and to evaluate the potential health risks of consumption of these mussels to humans. Mussels were collected between January and October 2015 from three Slovenian shellfish harvesting areas and from a lighthouse near Debeli Rtič. The concentrations of elements were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The amount of each element decreased in the following order: Fe > Zn > (As, Mn) > (Cu, Cr) > (Ni, Co) > (Cd, Pb) > Hg. Statistical analysis revealed that time, that is, the month of sampling, significantly affected the concentrations of elements in mussels (P < 0.05). The concentrations of Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Hg, and Pb were highest between January and March and lowest between May and September. The concentrations of other elements in mussels were not higher or lower for several consecutive months, but occasionally (some months) lower or higher content was detected. The sampling site had a statistically significant effect only on the content of Cd, Pb, and Hg in mussels (P < 0.05). The lowest level of these elements was found in mussels from Seča, and the highest levels of Hg and Pb were found in mussels from Debeli Rtič. Debeli Rtič is, among all sampling points, closest to the outflow of the Soča River that brings heavy metals into the Northern Adriatic Sea from a closed Hg mine. Because the concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Hg in all analyzed samples were below the maximum level permitted by Commission Regulation No 1881/2006, mussels were suitable for human consumption.

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Shiganova, T., and A. Malej. "Native and non-native ctenophores in the Gulf of Trieste, Northern Adriatic Sea." Journal of Plankton Research 31, no. 1 (September 22, 2008): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbn102.

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Bratkič, Arne, Tinkara Tinta, Neža Koron, Sergio Ribeiro Guevara, Ermira Begu, Tamar Barkay, Milena Horvat, Ingrid Falnoga, and Jadran Faganeli. "Mercury transformations in a coastal water column (Gulf of Trieste, northern Adriatic Sea)." Marine Chemistry 200 (March 2018): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2018.01.001.

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Celussi, Mauro, and Bruno Cataletto. "Annual dynamics of bacterioplankton assemblages in the Gulf of Trieste (Northern Adriatic Sea)." Gene 406, no. 1-2 (December 2007): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2007.07.010.

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Cibic, T., A. Acquavita, F. Aleffi, N. Bettoso, O. Blasutto, C. De Vittor, C. Falconi, et al. "Integrated approach to sediment pollution: A case study in the Gulf of Trieste." Marine Pollution Bulletin 56, no. 9 (September 2008): 1650–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.05.009.

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38

Melaku Canu, Donata, and Cosimo Solidoro. "Socio-economic analysis and stakeholder involvement: Mussel-farming in the Gulf of Trieste." Marine Policy 43 (January 2014): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2013.03.022.

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Malej, A., P. MozetiČ, V. MalaČČ, and V. Turk. "Response of Summer Phytoplankton to Episodic Meteorological Events (Gulf of Trieste, Adriatic Sea)." Marine Ecology 18, no. 3 (September 1997): 273–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0485.1997.tb00442.x.

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Kokelj, F., R. Lo Brutto, and N. Boccucci. "Epidemiological study of human injuries following jellyfish stings in the Gulf of Trieste." Contact Dermatitis 41, no. 6 (December 1999): 349–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1999.tb06192.x.

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Viette, M. "Reproductive biology of scad,Trachurus mediterraneus(Teleostei, Carangidae), from the Gulf of Trieste." ICES Journal of Marine Science 54, no. 2 (April 1997): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.1996.0185.

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Mozetic, P. "Seasonal and inter-annual plankton variability in the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic)." ICES Journal of Marine Science 55, no. 4 (August 1998): 711–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.1998.0396.

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Kralj, M., M. Lipizer, B. Čermelj, M. Celio, C. Fabbro, F. Brunetti, J. Francé, P. Mozetič, and M. Giani. "Hypoxia and dissolved oxygen trends in the northeastern Adriatic Sea (Gulf of Trieste)." Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 164 (June 2019): 74–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2019.06.002.

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44

Faganeli, Jadran, Ingrid Falnoga, Ljudmila Benedik, Zvonka Jeran, and Katja Klun. "Accumulation of 210 Po in coastal waters (Gulf of Trieste, northern Adriatic Sea)." Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 174 (August 2017): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.07.018.

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45

Vidović, Jelena, Rafał Nawrot, Ivo Gallmetzer, Alexandra Haselmair, Adam Tomašových, Michael Stachowitsch, Vlasta Ćosović, and Martin Zuschin. "Anthropogenically induced environmental changes in the northeastern Adriatic Sea in the last 500 years (Panzano Bay, Gulf of Trieste)." Biogeosciences 13, no. 21 (November 1, 2016): 5965–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5965-2016.

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Abstract. Shallow and sheltered marine embayments in urbanized areas are prone to the accumulation of pollutants, but little is known about the historical baselines of such marine ecosystems. Here we study foraminiferal assemblages, geochemical proxies and sedimentological data from 1.6 m long sediment cores to uncover ∼ 500 years of anthropogenic pressure from mining, port and industrial activities in the Gulf of Trieste, Italy. From 1600 to 1900 AD, normalized element concentrations and foraminiferal assemblages point to negligible effects of agricultural activities. The only significant anthropogenic activity during this period was mercury mining in the hinterlands of the gulf, releasing high amounts of mercury into the bay and significantly exceeding the standards on the effects of trace elements on benthic organisms. Nonetheless, the fluctuations in the concentrations of mercury do not correlate with changes in the composition and diversity of foraminiferal assemblages due to its non-bioavailability. Intensified agricultural and maricultural activities in the first half of the 20th century caused slight nutrient enrichment and a minor increase in foraminiferal diversity. Intensified port and industrial activities in the second half of 20th century increased the normalized trace element concentrations and persistent organic pollutants (PAH, PCB) in the topmost part of the core. This increase caused only minor changes in the foraminiferal community because foraminifera in Panzano Bay have a long history of adaptation to elevated trace element concentrations. Our study underlines the importance of using an integrated, multidisciplinary approach in reconstructing the history of environmental and anthropogenic changes in marine systems. Given the prolonged human impacts in coastal areas like the Gulf of Trieste, such long-term baseline data are crucial for interpreting the present state of marine ecosystems.

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Pavoni, Elena, Elisa Petranich, Sergio Signore, Giorgio Fontolan, and Stefano Covelli. "The Legacy of the Idrija Mine Twenty-Five Years after Closing: Is Mercury in the Water Column of the Gulf of Trieste Still an Environmental Issue?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (September 28, 2021): 10192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910192.

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Mercury (Hg) contamination in the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic Sea) due to mining activity in Idrija (Slovenia) still represents an issue of environmental concern. The Isonzo/Soča River’s freshwater inputs have been identified as the main source of Hg into the Gulf, especially following periods of medium-high discharge. This research aims to evaluate the occurrence and distribution of dissolved (DHg) and particulate (PHg) Hg along the water column in the northernmost sector of the Gulf, a shallow and sheltered embayment suitable for the accumulation of fine sediments. Sediment and water samples were collected under unperturbed and perturbed environmental conditions induced by natural and anthropogenic factors. Mercury in the sediments (0.77–6.39 µg g−1) and its relationship to grain size were found to be consistent with previous research focused on the entire Gulf, testifying to the common origin of the sediment. Results showed a notable variability of DHg (<LOD–149 ng L−1) and PHg (0.39–12.5 ng L−1) depending on the interaction between riverine and marine hydrological conditions. Mercury was found to be mainly partitioned in the suspended particles, especially following periods of high discharge, thus confirming the crucial role of the river inputs in regulating PHg distribution in the Gulf.

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Borme, Diego, Sara Legovini, Alessandra de Olazabal, and Valentina Tirelli. "Diet of Adult Sardine Sardina pilchardus in the Gulf of Trieste, Northern Adriatic Sea." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 8 (July 25, 2022): 1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10081012.

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Food availability is thought to exert a bottom-up control on the population dynamics of small pelagic fish; therefore, studies on trophic ecology are essential to improve their management. Sardina pilchardus is one of the most important commercial species in the Adriatic Sea, yet there is little information on its diet in this area. Adult sardines were caught in the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic) from spring 2006 to winter 2007. Experimental catches conducted over 24-h cycles in May, June and July showed that the sardines foraged mainly in the late afternoon. A total of 96 adult sardines were analysed: the number of prey varied from a minimum of 305 to a maximum of 3318 prey/stomach, with an overall mean of 1259 ± 884 prey/stomach. Prey items were identified to the lowest possible taxonomical level, counted and measured at the stereo-microscope. Overall, sardines fed on a wide range of planktonic organisms (87 prey items from 17 μm to 18.4 mm were identified), with copepods being the most abundant prey (56%) and phytoplankton never exceeding 10% of the prey. Copepods of the Clauso-Paracalanidae group and of the genus Oncaea were by far the most important prey. The carbon content of prey items was indirectly estimated from prey dry mass or body volume. Almost all carbon uptake relied on a few groups of zooplankton. Ivlev’s selectivity index showed that sardines positively selected small preys (small copepods < 1 mm size), but also larger preys (such as teleost eggs, decapod larvae and chaetognaths), confirming their adaptive feeding capacity.

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Koron, Neza, Jadran Faganeli, Ingrid Falnoga, and Nives Kovac. "Interaction of Macroaggregates and Hg in Coastal Waters (Gulf of Trieste, Northern Adriatic Sea)." Geomicrobiology Journal 28, no. 7 (September 2011): 615–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01490451.2011.576165.

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Arčon, I., N. Ogrinc, A. Kodre, and J. Faganeli. "EXAFS and XANES characterization of sedimentary iron in the Gulf of Trieste (N. Adriatic)." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 6, no. 3 (May 1, 1999): 659–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0909049598017580.

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50

Herndl, GJ, P. Peduzzi, and N. Fanuko. "Benthic community metabolism and microbial dynamics in the Gulf of Trieste (Northern Adriatic Sea)." Marine Ecology Progress Series 53 (1989): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps053169.

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