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Alyafai, Yahya. "Gulf Cooperation Council monetary unification." Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9191.
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Master of ArtsDepartment of Economics
Steven P. Cassou
In this report, I investigate the possibility of a monetary unification among the Arab States. The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states that include Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, UAE, Kuwait and Oman are coming together on the basis of common ethnicity, religion, culture, traditions, and monetary issues. This research will discuss different factors upon which the monetary unification and the birth of a new currency depend. For comparison to the Euro, I closely examined different factors such as inflation rates, exchange rates, trade, etc. over the past decade. As stated, this examination was done to see how these factors compare with those of the Euro region to determine if a similar monetary unification among the GCC states is possible. The target date for launching the new GCC currency was January 1, 2010; however that date has long passed. Although the above mentioned factors are favorable to currency unification of the GCC states, ample time is necessary to achieve such a herculean feat. After all, the Europeans did not achieve the unification of the Euro in one night. One hurdle to unification is that the GCC states still need to control the inflation rates in their own economies. Other economic factors, such as trade, have been favorable for all the GCC states, and all the states have been doing well in terms of the U.S. dollar (USD). Although unification may not have met the January 1, 2010 goal, the GCC will still be observing the economic factors and considering other possible scenarios. All the GCC countries vow to achieve this unification.
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Thackwray, Elizabeth C. "The Gulf Cooperation Council, 1981-1994." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc935605/.
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The purpose of this study is to analyze the foreign policy outcomes of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) to understand the extent to which a Regional Intergovernmental Organization (RGO) consisting of developing nations is able to promote regional cooperation. Much of the literature on integration and the formation of Intergovernmental Organizations was developed with regard to western nations. These approaches are examined for their contributions to foreign policy behavior analysis and with respect to understanding why small and developing nations join such organizations. Final analysis of the outcomes using two scales to measure the organization's ability to promote regional cooperation reveal that the level of success was moderate and the level of political action undertaken by the GCC was generally moderate to low. Leadership is supportive of the organization but both external and internal factors contribute to the modest levels achieved so far. Issues of national sovereignty and a decade of regional conflicts affected the ability of the organization to achieve greater levels or regional cooperation.
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Al-Zamat, Khalid Hamed S. "The basis for cooperation in the Gulf Region : an assessment of the Gulf Cooperation Council." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1998. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1156/.
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The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), a regional alliance grouping the six oil- and gas-rich Arabian states of Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Oman and Bahrain, was founded in 1981 with the purported aim of "effect[ing] coordination, integration and inter-connection between Member States in all fields in order to achieve unity between them" (GCC Charter: Article 4). Most political observers, nevertheless, insist that this alliance was born out of a common concern among these rich but sparsely populated and militarily vulnerable states for their security and political stability within a politically volatile region, and the need for a regional alliance with sufficient capability to safeguard their interests, sovereignty and political stability. This study was undertaken with a set of interacting aims in mind; besides the subsidiary aim of examining the structure and operation of the GCC from the perspective of competing theoretical approaches to federalism with a view to exploring their viability vis-à-vis the case of integration which the GCC represents, this study primarily aims at evaluating the GCC, as well as the political and social basis of cooperation, among its member states in the light of attitudes and perceptions within Gulf society. With regard to the former concern, the aim is to consider how useful theories of federalism are in understanding and interpreting the GCC. With regard to the latter concern, the study aims, to explore Gulf social perception of the factors underlying the emergence of the GCC, its institutions, objectives, policies and problems confronting it with a view to determining the extent and nature of both the attitudinal similarities, and discrepancies existing between different social Gulf groups as well as identifying the complex network of historical, socio-cultural and institutional affinities operating across state boundaries within the GCC. To explore perceptions of the policies and aspects of cooperation which the GCC considers central to its efforts to bring about greater unity among its member states, two surveys were undertaken among two contrasting groups: one based on a sample of top-ranking officials at the GCC Secretariat General and another based on the sample of students at Kuwait and Qatar universities.
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Al, Makhawi Rashid A. "The Gulf Cooperation Council : a study in integration." Thesis, University of Salford, 1990. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/14699/.
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The Gulf Cooperation Council was established in May 1981 by the heads of state of Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. At the time, Western observers declared security to be the prime consideration of its founders, yet security is not mentioned in the Council's foundation charter. This emphasizes the intention to promote "close coordination in all spheres, especially the economic and social" between the member states; throughout the charter the terms "coordination", "integration", " cooperation", "closer relations" and "ties" repeatedly recur. In consequence, as the Council began to make its existence felt in the international community, its activity raised the question as to whether this demonstrated the development of integration as understood in the West notwithstanding references in the preamble to the charter to concepts of Islamic and Arab unity which predate Western theories of integration. Accordingly, this study looks at the Gulf Cooperation Council in the light of theories of integration initially elaborated in the light of Western experience in order to establish whether the Council in fact constitutes a fresh attempt to promote Arab unity. It concludes that analysis of its achievements establishes the Council as a cautious and pragmatic instrument to the achievement of Arab unity while at the same time reflecting favourably on Western theories of integration based on the concept of the security community.
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Al-Muslemani, A. A. "The legal aspects of the Gulf Cooperation Council." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1990. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1207/.
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The significance of this thesis lies in the fact that it reviews the activities of a newly-born organisation, that has hardly received an authoritative legal analysis. In addition the thesis relies heavily on primary sources in examining the internal structure of the organisation. Looking at the nature of the issues involved, the principal contribution is made by applying the principles of international law to three different areas of law. These are, the law of international institutions, economic integration, inspired and influenced by the literature on the EEC, and the law of the use of force. Chapters 1-6, which deal with the institutional aspect, examine the treaty-making power within the constitutions of the six member states and how treaties enter into force according to these constitutional arrangements. This occurs despite the fact that sometimes signature is sufficient, according to the agreement concerned, to bring it into force. They further deal with the aims of establishing the organisation. Like other traditional organisations, the objectives stipulated in the instruments do not match the political realities in the state practice of the member states. The gap is widened by the realisation of the weak power entrusted to the G.C.C. organs. That the mechanism of decision-making, which requires unanimity in itself, is not binding per se, emphasises this view. They also deal with the question of membership and the political and legal implications of excluding some states in the region from the organisation. Chapter Seven mainly deals with the implementation of the Unified Economic Agreement (UEA). It examines the concept of economic integration which is generally contemplated in the agreement, but loosely adjusted to meet the political and economic realities in the member states, rather than to meet the standards of functional integration which concede a higher degree of sovereignty. A hypothetical problem is raised in the case of a conflict between the UEA and earlier treaties concluded in substantially similar terms under the Arab League auspices. Yet the invocation of de jure or de facto termination is possible by those parties to the later treaty (i.e. the UEA). The implementation of the UEA provisions may also give rise to some difficulties for those GCC member states which are bound by the GATT (i.e. Kuwait), a matter which receives some consideration in this thesis. This chapter also deals in great length with the problem of supervision within the G.C.C., which poses a real challenge for effective implementation of the UEA. Chapter Eight deals with security in the G.C.C. member states. It examines delicately the dividing line between illegal intervention and mere political propaganda. In this regard the acts of intervention and indirect aggression by Iran, which largely caused the involvement of the G.C.C. member states in the Gulf war are highlighted. Thus, a relationship between supporting Iraq financially, which is a forbidden act under the strict rules of neutrality, and the exercise of collective self-defence in the form of such funding has been argued and examined in the light of the Nicaragua Case (1986). Also of great concern is the legal position of G.C.C. member states who are not required to remain strictly neutral when they are subjected to indirect aggression. This in fact raises the issue of collective self-defence under both the Arab League and the GCC arrangements.
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Albahlal, Abdulaziz Ahmed. "Green IT Model for Gulf Cooperation Council Organisations." Thesis, Curtin University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/79745.
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This research aims to develop a Green IT model that suits the needs of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. A mix-methods approach that combines interviews with a survey was implemented to assess the model critically. The initial model developed for evaluating various Green models to assess the Governance, Social and Cultural, Information Technology and Green Management in GCC. The Green IT model aims to raise sustainability awareness in GCC countries based on their visions.
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Tashkandy, Anas Saleh. "Cooperation among university libraries in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries : proposals for effective cooperative programmes." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1992. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7206.
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The aim of this research is to examine the current situation of university libraries in the GCC countries identifying the problems and difficulties being faced by them and suggest means and ways by which an effective library cooperation may solve these problems. A general description of library cooperation is given, including that in developing countries and in the Arab world. Apart from literature sources the material for this research was obtained by questionnaire, personal visits to university libraries and some related research institutions in the countries concerned and by some personal observations and experience. The development of library and information services in general in the CCC countries is examined, but particularly various features of university libraries, from administration to user services. University library resources, technical services, and existing cooperative activities are also discussed in detail. There are some major issues which are related to library cooperation such as financial resources, adequacy of library collections, collection development practices, uniform standards of technical processing of library materials, availability of bibliographical apparatus and experienced professional manpower. The analysis of these issues brought out factors which should motivate individual libraries to engage in a library cooperation and resource sharing network. There is no practical or well organised resource sharing programme among university libraries in the GCC countries, even the existing marginal activities are not satisfactory to all university libraries concerned. This is mainly due to the absence of a well organised central agency which should take the lead to implement a well developed cooperative model for library cooperation in the region. The various professional meetings which have been organised at a regional level emphasised the importance of establishing effective cooperative links among university libraries in the Gulf region, but little implementation of these proposals have resulted so far. With the current political situation in the Gulf region and with the limitation on financial resources, the need for effective library cooperation is emphasised now more than ever before. Therefore, this research makes some practical recommendations emphasising the need for a central agency responsible for library cooperation programmes and proposing a model for an effective resource sharing network among university libraries in the GCC countries in the hope of improving the existing situation.
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Legrenzi, Matteo. "The gulf cooperation council : Diplomacy, security and economic coordination in the gulf." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.530048.
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Al, Ghorayed Basheer Muhammad A. "The Gulf Cooperation Council, 1981-91 : an organisation of Arab Gulf states." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393535.
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Al-Khalifa, Rana Isa Daij. "The Gulf Cooperation Council: regional, institutional and legal development." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.484832.
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The question addressed in this study is whether the' Gulf Coopenition Council has real potential, intention or will to develop towards stronger forms of organization leading towards integration? What is the geo-politiCal. and i~stitutional space with~n ·which the organization may expand? The inst~tutional shape and geo-political range of the·· organization are at the heart of the ~dy. The form of the study is-theoretical and analytic, calling on social and political theory and principles of law as well as politics and economy in a conventional way. Theory of regional organizations and their formal legal . qualities are important to the study. Controlled comparison with the European CommunitylUnion is made. _ The GCC is founded· on cohering factors of culture and social system, developmental economy and shared security and strategic vulnerability. 'Rentier' socio-economy, 'oil, rent and welfare' underwrite the modem Gulf States. The Gulf Cooperation Council, as presently constituted, is primarily 'intergovernmental' in character. Sovereignties are established by and in law, but joining them regionally is 'highly political'. The Charter and the Unified Economic Agreement are the 'constitutive instruments' of the organization,· hence understanding the organization is a matter of politics and of law. A new Econom~c Agreement (2001) supersedes the UEA and creates greater integrative prospects. -'Cooperation', 'coordination' and 'integration' are declared modes ofpolicy and action in the Gulf Cooperation Council. Regional enterprise may be seen to be explicitly (in the ED) or implicitly (in the GCC) an integrative course. Intergovernmentalism is a notable aspect of the GCC. Pragmatism rather than theory or ideology informs the organization, but this leads to excessive caution and concession to Member States' sovereignties, and so inhibited integrative progress. The organization's accomplishments so far are believed to fall short of intentions and expectations so that-the issue of greater 'assured effectiveness' should be pursued. Elements of developmental integration are set out in the study. Functional linkage and progressive institutionalization are indicated. However, 'creative leadership' is vital in order to pass autonomous powers of decision-making, with 'direct effect' from the Member States to the organization. Institutionalization of powers of decision-making in and for the region and powers of enforcement follow ifthe Gulf regional organization is to be advanced as a truly effective, supervening body. At present the organization relies on the 'highest authority' of its principal decision-making organ, the Supreme Council' (Ministerial Council). The principles and practices of the traditional political-legal systems ofthe six Member States prevaiL However, 'competence' to decide is not power to have implemented. 'Dual' status of the Supreme Council is discussed. The·Supreme Council, constituted as 'meetings of heads of states' (,summits') exercising their 'full powers' as Rulers, does not have the status of a substantive corporate body. The regional system is dependent on the traditional legitimacy of the Rulers' and their 'highest authority'\ and so on 'trust' among them. But transfer by analogy to the regional organization does not work. The political theory ofconsensus, consent and trust is deployed. 'Leadership choice' (or 'preference') has not driven the organization clearly in the direction of integration. Agreements founded solely in conSent and consensus are not enforceable. What is compelling in principle does not lead to 'assured effectiveness' in practice. The GCe is not based on 'rule of law', and there is no juristic instrument. The Commission for the Settlement of Disputes is irrelevant. Regionally instituted 'commercial arbitration' represents a significant element of joint economic integrative progress. Difficulties in 'unifying law(s) in the Gulf region are remarked on. The Consultative Council has been constrained in fonn and function within the prevailing traditional political concepts and practice. Advantages of unification over a wider range of the Gulf area are more evident in theory than in practice. Structural and conceptual change in. the regional organization, new imbalances of size and power would be entailed. Whatever 'enlargement' might conceivably take place would bring involvement in new economic and strategic environments, at best of mixed, or of uncertain benefit. Would the Arabian Gulf region become not so much the core of a greater unification, but a hinterland of radically changed strategic scenarios and instabilities? This does not foreclose on alternative associative forms among would-be partners.
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Al-Farad, Mohammed H. "The Gulf Cooperation Council : structure, operations and legal developments." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318205.
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milie, Jane Emilie Jane. "A Gulf cooperation council currency union : appropriateness and implications." Thesis, Durham University, 2006. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2895/.
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The six states, that together comprise the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), plan to adopt a single currency by 2010. If they are able to enact the necessary policy reforms and devolve some national sovereignty to supranational monetary and statistical institutions, capable of conducting a common monetary policy and managing the 'Gulf dinar", it will undoubtedly become the world’s second most significant currency union. It may also be seen as a viable reserve currency, particularly by neighbouring states, and could even be used to invoice oil sales. The aim of this thesis is two-fold Firstly, it assesses the appropriateness of a currency union for the GCC, against the optimal currency area criteria. It also examines the degree to which the GCC states have implemented the policy prerequisites for currency union, according to the experience of European Monetary Union. Secondly, it undertakes a qualitative cost - benefit analysis of currency union for the GCC as a whole and for each constituent state. This, in part, involves a review of post currency union monetary policy options and political-economy implications. The analysis employs both primary evidence collected through a GCC-wide business survey and from interviews with a panel of regional experts, and secondary evidence from published official sources. This research should add to the ongoing debate on the utility of currency unions in general and assess the validity of employing optimal currency area theory to a region which remains, to a high degree, dependent on oil. It also provides contextually based findings useful to regional policy makers. It concludes that a currency union will have significant benefits, but primarily indirect ones. Conventional benefits such as reduced transaction costs and eliminating exchange rate risks will be outweighed by benefits which will accrue from greater budgetary transparency, increased fiscal discipline and further economic diversification.
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Al-Shalan, Ibrahim A. I. "Air transport systems of the Gulf Cooperation Council countries." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390622.
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Aljeeran, Isa Khalifa Abdulla. "The U.S. arm sales to the Gulf Cooperation Council states." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1998. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA355856.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, Sepember. 1998."September 1998." Thesis advisor(s): Brad R. Naegle, Keith F. Snider. Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-106). Also available online.
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Koppers, Simon. "Economic analysis and evaluation of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/37255850X.pdf.
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Dossari, Fahad. "The Gulf cooperation council and economic integration : an analytical assessment." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496117.
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Al-Kindi, Al-Murar Taher. "The Gulf Cooperation Council : measuring past performance and future prospects." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391086.
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Alsadoun, Nayef Abdullah. "Essays on economic integration among the Gulf Cooperation Council countries." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/79438/.
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This dissertation focuses on three empirical research questions regarding economic integration among the GCC countries. Chapter 2 presents the first essay, which addresses the impact of the GCC economic agreements on intra-GCC trade, non-oil trade in particular as little is known about the scope for increased non-oil trade within the GCC. The gravity model of bilateral trade flows is applied to explain patterns of trade, and possible existence of trade creation between members. Understanding the determining factors of the GCC’s non-oil trade volumes is a practical empirical task, as diversification of exports a way from natural resources is seen as one of the main goals of the GCC policies. The second essay, chapter 3, looks at the determinants of business cycles synchronization among the GCC countries and their major trading partners. More specifically, the essay empirically investigates the relationship between trade, patterns of specialization and financial openness and how they determine the synchronization of business cycles. These factors will be evaluated in the context of a system of simultaneous equations approach, which provide an adequate investigation of the direct as well as indirect impact of trade, specialization, and financial openness on output synchronization. Analyzing what determines business cycle synchronization is an important task for a better evaluation of the costs and benefits of adopting the proposed common currency among GCC members. Chapter 4 present the last essay, which considers how much income and consumption smoothing is undertaken by the GCC countries, where an efficient smoothing of output fluctuations is vital for reducing the impact of asymmetric shocks, therefore reducing the cost of adopting a common monetary policy. The empirical approaches are based on decomposing cross-sectional variance in income within the GCC countries, and will shed light on the channels through which income and consumption smoothing take place. Furthermore, the essay focuses on the role of investment portfolio diversification on smoothing income and consumption.
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Khan, Caroline. "Essays in the Gulf Cooperation Council economies and market dynamics." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2017. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/86266/.
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Countries rich in natural resources may be deemed to have an economic advantage with regards to their economic growth. However, this has been questioned as such countries have been found to underperform those that are significantly disadvantaged in terms of such resources, leading to what has been termed as the resource curse. The current thesis aims to investigate the existence of resource curse for the oil abundant GCC countries as well as the remaining OPEC members that share similar characteristics; most notably the dependence on oil exports. Oil has a prominent status among all commodities as it acts as a barometer to a country's, and perhaps the world's, economic outlook. High oil prices may fuel inflation pressure, thereby increasing the cost of production of many goods. As such we also investigate the impact of oil on the GCC stock markets. Specifically, we investigate whether the oil dynamics have acted as a contagion transmission channel, which would have imported the uncertainty pertaining to the Global Financial Crisis from the western economies to the, admittedly secluded, GCC stock markets. The first chapter of the thesis lays out key background information related to the economic and financial environment of the GCC economies, necessary to fully comprehend the complexities that over-reliance on a particular resource can generate. The second chapter focuses on the economic impact of oil by offering an investigation as to whether the resource curse is observed for the GCC and other OPEC members. A system-GMM method is adopted to account for any omitted variable bias and endogeneity issues. Furthermore, classification trees are used to divide the countries based on their oil level and re-consider the association between oil and per capita GDP by accounting for the country differences in terms of the per capita oil reserve and oil rent, the two oil proxies used. The third chapter examines the role of oil in the financial sector of the GCC and OPEC markets. In particular, we rely on the well-established and relevant given the Global Financial Crisis, framework of financial contagion to investigate: i) how affected were the GCC stock markets; ii) what has been the role of oil in the transmission of the financial shocks. We use an asymmetric multivariate GARCH framework which allows for dynamic properties of correlations across the financial markets. Our results suggest that GCC markets were affected by financial contagion, while the oil has been an important transmission channel of varying intensity during the phases of the crisis. The UAE, which have the largest and most progressive financial sector in the region, have been the most affected, while Kuwait has been the least. A fourth chapter provides critical reflections and discussion around the results. In particular, it highlights the steps that, particularly the GCC governments have taken to ensure that their resource abundance is not a curse over the past couple of years. Most importantly, the GCC governments have been diversifying their income streams into tourism, manufacturing, real estate and financial services. The impact of oil on the GCC financial sector is of particular importance as financial services are one of the main business lines that the local governments have been investing and promoting in their attempt to diversify their income generating process away from oil and gas. A fifth chapter concludes.
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Koppers, Simon. "Economic analysis and evaluation of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) /." [Bern] ; [Frankfurt an Main] ; [Berlin]... etc. : P. Lang, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37497288c.
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Al, Dossari Fahad A. "The Gulf Cooperation Council and economic intergration : an analytical assessment." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2008. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.525074.
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Al-Sani, Rashed Mezed Ali. "The role of the Gulf Cooperation Council in the economic development of the Gulf States." Thesis, Durham University, 1992. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6119/.
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As a regional organisation, the Gulf Cooperation Council is a somewhat unique experiment in the contemporary Middle East and in the Arab world in particular. It is the first regional organisation in the modern Arab nation-state system, aside from the Arab League, formed in 1946, that has epoused a functional approach to cooperation, while at the same time preserving the political sovereignty and independence of the member states. Since its founding, the GCC has been the focus of debate regarding its nature and functions. Intentionally or not, it has become a major media event, a fact that has contributed to the credibility gap between rising expectations based on public pronouncements and real achievements. This thesis is an inquiry into the role of the Gulf Cooperation Council in the economic development of the participating countries. The study comprises seven chapters, detailing both the scope and purpose of the study, and the criteria employed in the research. The main chapters examine the relative contribution of physical and human resources involved in cooperation between the Gulf countries. In addition, the contribution of agriculture and fisheries, as well as industrial development, to the G.C.C. countries are expounded. The services in the G.C.C. countries are specified. External trade and migration in the G.C.C. countries is discussed in detail. The conclusion describes the role of the Gulf Cooperation Council in economic development and includes suggestions and recommendations for the future.
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Al-Sayed, Hassan. "Towards liberalising government procurement in the Gulf Cooperation Council member states." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398814.
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Khoja, Layla. "Investigating corporate insolvency in the Gulf Cooperation Council : multiple-perspective studies." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2014. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/377723/.
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This thesis focuses on the causes of corporate insolvency, and understanding the characteristics of insolvency risk in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). Multiple studies are employed to address some of the gaps which have been identified in the literature. The first study analyses corporate insolvency in the GCC region between 2004 and 2011 using multiple methodologies: a Logit model, supplemented by a Probit model and a 3-way MDS model, which enables the visualisation of key differences between insolvent and solvent firms, supplemented by Hierarchical Cluster Analysis. The Logit regression with best-subset selection criteria suggests that profitability and leverage ratios, as well as cash flow-based ratios, can predict insolvency in GCC literature. MDS results indicate that insolvent firms attach most salience to the ‘Non-strategic sales activities', unlike solvent firms which attach more salience to the other dimensions: 'Profitability and financial stability balance’, ‘Sales activities against capital conversion’, and ‘Market value against cash generation’. Hence, the results suggest that firms’ managers should focus less on non-strategic sales activities to reduce susceptibility to insolvency. Taking a multilevel perspective, the second study attempts to contextualise the nature of corporate insolvency in the GCC, using samples of firms from the UK and the USA as comparators. MDS and cluster analysis reveal four dimensions of ratios across the samples: 'effectiveness of sales and cash-generating activities ', 'trade-off between debt management and cash generation/profitability', 'usage of debt versus usage of own assets', and 'trade-off between profitability and cash-generating activities'. Unlike solvent firms, insolvent GCC firms appear very specific in the third dimension, 'usage of debt versus usage of own assets’, which did not appear as associated with macroeconomic variables. The third study is to examine the dynamic causal relationships among macroeconomic indicators of the corporate failure rate in the GCC region by using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag model (ARDL) bound test, which use quarterly dataset. These results provide evidence that oil prices in the GCC region combined with other macroeconomic indicators have an impact on the failure rate in the long-run equilibrium. In terms of the short-run, the ARDL model confirmed that the corporate failure rate is mainly determined by the previous period’s failure rate.
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Alotaibi, Bader. "Oil price fluctuations and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, 1960-2004 /." Available to subscribers only, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1147183881&sid=28&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Al-Dewaish, Abdallah S. "Factors affecting economic integration between member states of the Gulf Cooperation Council." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318592.
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Collins, Lee. "The role of sociocultural dimensions in innovation systems : the Gulf Cooperation Council." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2013. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/17745/.
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This research investigates the role of sociocultural dimensions in increasing national innovative capacity. While literature focuses on other determinants of innovation output, such as the stock of knowledge and resources dedicated to R&D, dimensions of a cultural nature have yet to be adequately addressed. The investigation examines sociocultural factors in natural resource-rich countries where the urgency to survive is not the primary driver in achieving economic growth. Oil-rich GCC countries, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates, have made significant investment in education and information and communications technology to develop their economies. The primary focus in developing the economies has shifted to increasing innovative capacity. This study attempts to determine other factors that need to be in place to achieve increased innovative capacity as measured by new-to-the world knowledge and innovation. Endogenous growth theory and national innovation systems provide the theoretical base for the investigation. A deductive approach will be used to produce hypotheses that will be tested quantitatively, using existing indicators for sociocultural dimensions. Five sociocultural dimensions were found to be significant in innovative capacity when tested in leading innovator countries (Germany, Japan, Sweden, Switzerland, United States), emerging innovator countries (Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Korea), and GCC countries (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates) as a whole. However, three of the dimensions, Openness to Outside Influences, and Adaptability were unexpectedly inversely proportional to innovative capacity. More precise measurements and further research are required.
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Nasser, Hatem A. "The Gulf Cooperation Council: trends, concepts and dynamics of international regional organization." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1990. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/3758.
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The Gulf Cooperation Council, which was established on May 25, 1981, is examined in this study. This regional organization is composed of Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman and the United Arab Emirates. Using a regionalism theory as an analytical framework, the study analyzes this regional grouping in relation to its integrative schemes in terms of politics, economy, culture, defense and security. Both primary and secondary sources were utilized in this study. This dissertation is based on the premise that the formation of the GCC is in response to the historic, geographic, political, economic, strategic and cultural realities of the Gulf region. It is also based on the assumption that the establishment of the GCC is by and large in harmony with the political and ideological objectives of the member states. The study shows that the six states have very much in common in terms of history, language, religion, social and political systems. It also attempts to illustrate how the dramatic events in the Gulf region played a key role in the establishment of the GCC. It shows that these events, including the Soviet presence in Afghanistan, the Iranian revolution, and the Iran-Iraq war were the catalysts that hastened cooperation among the six states which in turn led to the formation of this regional grouping. The findings show that the GCC is a natural development in the evolution of cooperation among the similar social systems of the Gulf region. The GCC will help its small member states achieve certain goals collectively that could not be achieved individually. Moreover, in the face of external threats and internal disruption, these states must unite their efforts to survive. The analysis also shows that on a nationalist level the GCC is a viable vehicle for the promotion of Arab unity in the context of the Gulf. In addition, due to the member states’ small domestic market, the GCC offers a useful forum for economic cooperation. On the other hand, the study shows that the GCC states cannot defend themselves against a major offensive by a regional power. Finally, this study strongly recommends that to achieve a balance of power in the Gulf region, the possibility of adding new members to the GCC, such as Iraq and North Yemen must take a high priority.
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Alsameen, Abdulfatah Ali Mohamed. "Regional financial integration in the Gulf Cooperation Council banking and stock markets." Thesis, Curtin University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/466.
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The main objective of this research is to examine the degree of regional and global financial integration among the banking and stock Markets in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). The cointegrating and causal relationships between these financial systems is examined to discover whether or not progress towards regional and global financial integration is being achieved, which is more important, and whether or not current policies are the most appropriate instruments to that end
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Thielen, Stefan. "Die Währungsunion in den Staaten des Golf-Kooperationsrates Motive und Erfolgsbedingungen /." St. Gallen, 2007. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/01666262005/$FILE/01666262005.pdf.
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Bu-Shehri, Mahmoud Abdul Aziz. "Measuring the static effects of economic integration on the economic welfare of the gulf cooperation council countries." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30072.
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Costenla, Mariana Mascarenhas de Menezes. "Heavy metal contamination in seafood and consumer exposure in the Gulf Cooperation Council." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/13156.
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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em
Tecnologia e Segurança AlimentarThe population from countries surrounded by the Gulf and Arabian Sea depend on fisheries. Industry is growing and discharges by desalination plants and refineries lead to the presence of heavy metals which accumulate in the environment and seafood. The aim is to review seafood contamination with cadmium, arsenic, lead and mercury in Saudi Arabia, Oman, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain and Qatar and estimate the consumer exposure to these metals. All samples of molluscs and crustaceans tested for arsenic (As) showed concentrations above maximum permitted levels, Qatar and UAE being the most contaminated. All samples from Kuwait contained lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg). Bahrain samples contained Pb above permitted levels. On the coast of Oman and Qatar shellfish showed concentrations of Cd above permitted levels. The EWI for As from shellfish is above the PTWI for all samples. For Cd, all except shellfish from Oman, Bahrain and KSA entail a EWI above the PTWI. None of the samples, except from Kuwait, provide Pb above the PTWI and for Hg, only the clam, mussel and crab contain higher amounts. Four locations in the UAE contained fish with Cd above permitted levels. Tuna fish from KSA had higher levels of Cd and Pb. Highest levels of Hg could be found in fish from Kuwait. Bahrain and Qatar showed the highest levels of As. Hg EWI exceeded for the UAE, Kuwait and Qatar. Estimated weekly intakes of As and Cd from shellfish are extremely high and above the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake. Fish from these countries does not contain high levels that pose a threat to public health, except for As. The risk is probably in chronic low exposure. Risk groups should be properly advised.
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Ambusaidi, Hilal Saud. "Structural analysis of the Gulf Cooperation Council and the European Union aspects of their relationship and their mutual environment /." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=59446.
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Al-Otaibby, Sirhan Dobail Mohammad. "The Gulf Cooperation Council : a study of the political elites' perceptions of the need for cooperation among the Arab Gulf States; 1975-1981." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280817.
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Taqi, Najma. "The challenges facing women entrepreneurs : a study on Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries." Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/13538.
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Women’s entrepreneurship is a much touted topic of research with researchers competing to contribute to the growing body of knowledge. Although literature is replete with articles and opinions on the various aspects concerning women’s entrepreneurship, still more needs to be done. Much of the research produced until now has focused on specific contexts like western countries and results obtained are either not conclusive or generalizable and in many cases incomplete. Research on women’s entrepreneurship conducted in the contexts of developing nations appears to be grossly inadequate, bordering almost on a neglected category. Specifically, research on women’s entrepreneurship conducted in the context of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries is almost nil except for a few sporadic articles here and there. How women entrepreneurs have fared in the GCC countries is not clear and there is a need to know what their current status is, how they have performed and what challenges contribute to their lack of progress. There is a huge gap in the literature in this area and this research has made some modest contributions to remove this gap partially. The literature review shows that a number of challenges affect women entrepreneurs’ success. Although the research output used in this research was derived from studies conducted largely in a western context, some of the factors grounded in theories like institutional theory were found to be applicable to the context of women entrepreneurs in the GCC. Five of these challenges, namely lack of adequate training and education; legal constraints; cultural constraints and a lack of social support; lack of access to financial resources; and work–family interface have been investigated in this research using a conceptual model and survey questionnaire. Women entrepreneurs in three GCC countries, namely Kingdom of Bahrain, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, were chosen for studying the phenomenon of women’s entrepreneurial involvement in business activities. A random sampling method was used. Hypotheses were developed and verified and the five challenges were found through rigorous statistical tests to significantly affect the involvement of women entrepreneurs in business activity in GCC countries. The challenges selected were part of a larger set of challenges, not all of which could be investigated due to paucity of time, resources and the large territory comprising three nations in the GCC region. In addition, an exploratory study using interviews was conducted to identify specific challenges that affect women entrepreneurs in the GCC countries. Three additional challenges, namely intellectual property; patronage and connections; and lengthy regulatory procedures were revealed through this. Mixed method research was used which led to triangulation of the results obtained from analysing data gathered through questionnaire survey and interview. The challenges that emerged from the analysis of the questionnaire survey and interviews resulted in the development of a new and comprehensive model that combined the challenges tested through the empirical model and those derived from interviews. The findings from the analysis indicated that much needs to be done to enable women entrepreneurs involved in business activities in the GCC region to succeed. Many challenges need to be tackled. The findings clearly point out that the challenges are responsible for the low percentage (around 2%) of business activities attributable to women-owned enterprises in the GCC countries. This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge in the area of women’s entrepreneurship in the specific context of the GCC region. The research outcomes clearly indicate that specific challenges can be tackled to improve the involvement of business activities of women entrepreneurs in the GCC region. Since the topic of involvement of women entrepreneurs in business activities in the context of GCC countries is not well investigated, the research outcomes of this research add to the current knowledge from a contextual point of view. In addition, the research has expanded the application of institutional theory to understand about the various challenges that affect involvement of women entrepreneurs in business activities in the context of GCC and contributed theoretically in terms of developing a new framework that could be used to examine how the challenges could be tackled. Methodologically, the research has shown how a mixed method research can be used to combine the outcome of survey research with interviews. Practical implications of the research outcomes show that the framework developed in this research could be adopted in practice by women entrepreneurs themselves, as well as various institutions and organizations that are concerned with women entrepreneurs, for improving the involvement of women entrepreneurs in business activities in the context of the GCC. Although the limitations of this research have been highlighted, how to overcome those limitations through future research has been explained. Thus, overall, this research effort is expected to stimulate further discussion and debate with regard to the involvement of women in business activities in the GCC and act as some kind of a basis for initiating steps to improve the position of women entrepreneurs involved in business activities in the GCC and perhaps in other regions surrounding the GCC countries.
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Altrad, Saadi. "Economic and monetary integration in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) : a Kuwaiti perspective." Thesis, Durham University, 2011. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/899/.
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The State of Kuwait is has been a member of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) since its establishment in 1980. Kuwait is a geographically small but oil-rich country, whose economic development in recent years is the result of an increase in both the production and prices of oil, which now accounts for almost 90% of exports. Meanwhile Kuwait imports almost all its local market needs from abroad. In 2010 the Kuwaiti government passed a development plan which was intended to diversify the Kuwaiti economy and promote non-oil economic sectors. Kuwait has an open economy, and is an ally of its GCC neighbours and the West. It is a member of the World Trade Organisation, which helps to enhance the country’s exports and imports. At the same time Kuwait is committed to advancing Economic and Monetary Integration with the GCC countries, and put into practice the guidelines which will make the Currency and Economic Union successful. This study will extend the literature on Economic and Monetary Integration in the context of the GCC monetary union. A literature review of the theory of Optimum Currency Areas (OCA) examines the development of exchange rate policy and monetary unions. Investigating and assessing Kuwait’s national interest in joining the GCC currency union is the main objective of this thesis. The study applies both quantitative and qualitative approaches to estimating the likely costs and benefits. In the study annual published data is used to analyse the country’s main economic structure and indicators, and semi-structured interviews are used to ascertain the opinions of Kuwaiti nationals working in financial institutions concerning monetary union. The conclusion of our study is that Kuwait is ready to join the GCC monetary union, the benefits of membership outweighing the costs. Having an oil-based economy like that of other GCC countries will make it easier for Kuwait to join the GCC monetary union. In addition, Kuwait imports products from abroad to meet local demand and controls inflation through its exchange rate regime. The Central Bank of Kuwait (CBK) is the sole authority managing the country’s monetary policy and the financial sector. However, GCC monetary union will subordinate the CBK to the Gulf Central Bank and reduce its flexibility to use its own monetary tools.
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Almodarra, Sattam Faleh. "INVESTMENT FOR TRADE? IMPACT OF INVESTMENT FROM GULF COOPERATION COUNCIL COUNTRIES ON TRADE." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/agecon_etds/54.
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The world has made great progress over the centuries through the massive increase in the interconnectedness of nations around the globe. Today, the world is connected through various ways, including the movement of goods, people, and money. The amount of goods traded across countries borders has drastically increased as the result of technological progress and the removal of barriers to trade. Not only has the world become more interconnected with the physical flows of goods and services, but also countries of the world have become more integrated financially. This study proposes to analyze how increase in financial flows, as measured by Foreign Direct Investment, impact physical flows of goods, as measured by trade. The study focuses on Gulf countries. These countries represent an interesting case study given the structure of their economies, their massive natural resource endowments and heavy reliance on oil and natural gas revenue, and their large sovereign funds. Using panel data for the years 2001-2012 and reliable econometric techniques, the study assesses the impacts of increased investment from Gulf countries on the imports from and exports to partner countries. The results show that both FDI inflows and outflows significantly increase imports to and exports from the Gulf countries. The results are robust to various estimations methods and remain valid for both agricultural and non-agricultural products. The findings of the study provide a better understanding of the trade-investment nexus and shed light on the underlying motives of investment by Gulf countries. Inflows and outflows of investment serve as a strategic option for Gulf countries to both promote their exports while securing their supply in consumer and capital goods.
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Mekidiche, Youssef. "Foreign direct investments : An antidote for hydrocarbon dependency in the Gulf Cooperation Council?" Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Nationalekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-32740.
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The most essential questions in economics is what determines economic growth? In theory FDI led to economic growth (Mello 1997), but empirical evidences indicate that the relationship is ambiguous (Masahiro & Iwasaki 2014). This thesis uses contemporary growth theories and econometric methods to empirically test for the association between foreign direct investment and economic growth in the six countries that form the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). The analysis indicates a positive relationship concerning FDI and GDP growth in the panel of GCC. The result furthermore supports the endogenous growth theory and provide insights on the regions progress towards income diversification whit respect to hydrocarbons.
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Bandirali, Andrea <1993>. "Expatriates’ Labor Within the Gulf Cooperation Council Framework. Steps forward in ending abuses?" Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/13220.
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The Arabian Peninsula, until few decades ago, used to be just an endless stretch of desert, and its beating hearts were its trading ports. Oil discovery and its exploitation lead to an unprecedented economic development, whose results are futuristic skylines and unlimited luxury.
The native populations of the six oil-rich member states of the Gulf Cooperation Council, namely The State of Bahrain, The State of Kuwait, The Sultanate of Oman, The State of Qatar, The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates, were way too small and they lacked the necessary skills in order to sustain the new economic scenario.
Gulf governments, therefore, decided to look outside their borders for an easy solution: immigration. Foreign workforce has started flowing massively into the Arabian Peninsula, whereby a combination of natives’ hostility, a subtle layer of racism, and cultural differences has created a breeding ground for denied rights and abuses.
Two are the main driving question for this work:
- How much has the legislative framework contributed to the creation of such a hostile environment for foreign workforce?
- Which could be the actors of change in this scenario? States, the Gulf Cooperation Council, International Organization such as the ILO, or other pressure groups?
In order to answer to the aforementioned questions, the work is structured as follows: in the first chapter, it has been carried out a comprehensive portrait of the foreigners’ labor market within the Gulf States, in which it has been given emphasis to an historical, a demographic, and a legislative perspective.
Having depicted some of the technical causes of the current situation, the second chapter focus on their consequence, namely the sponsorship system, better known as kafala.
Kafala appears to be the mean through which the states outsource to the private sector the responsibility of migrant workers; however, succumbing to external pressure, some of the GCC Member States have proposed some reforms to the sponsorship system, whose effectiveness is going to be under the spotlight.
Finally, in the last chapter, the focus is going to be on the actors involved in the process of reformation, if any, and if they have contributed, directly or indirectly, to the implementation of successful measures.
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Alfadhel, Lolwa Naser Mohamed. "Trademark enforcement through border measures : the case of the Gulf Cooperation Council States (GCC)." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2017. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/30630.
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Trademarks are a valuable asset of a business and play a crucial role with regards to the quality of goods and its reputation, however, the rise in counterfeiting activities is undermining those benefits. Counterfeiting activities are considered to be the fastest growing phenomenon that focuses solely on reputable international brands ranging from cosmetics, watches, shoes and clothing, to cars and aeroplane parts. It has engulfed the world economy by dealing with fake commodities and intellectual property rights across the board. The PhD thesis looks at the relevant trademark laws in the Gulf Cooperation Council States (GCC) as an effective enforcement mechanism to deal with the rise of counterfeiting activities in the region. The GCC States have been listed among the countries with significant problems in terms of intellectual property protection and enforcement. Thus, the importance and effectiveness of border measures, judicial process, including civil and criminal proceedings in all six Member States are analysed using a combination of comparative, doctrinal, and socio-legal research. The main objective of the thesis is to show the degree to which the GCC States' legislative regimes and their enforcement efforts addresses counterfeiting problems to meet their international treaty obligations.
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Alfandi, Ghadeer Rashed. "Investigating risk management capability of construction firms in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries." Thesis, Brunel University, 2015. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/13580.
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Implementing risk management (RM) effectively in construction projects and organisations has long been recognised as key to ensuring successful project performance. Therefore, it has become increasingly vital for construction organisations to have RM as an integral part of their project management practice. Such necessity has driven significant increase in research on RM practice in the construction industry. However, little research has been conducted to systematically investigate the RM implementation in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)’s construction industry. Therefore, this research study was aimed at thoroughly investigating RM implementation in this industry toward developing an appropriate framework for improving existing practice. Specifically, this research study has developed a RM framework for enhancing RM implementation practice in construction firms and an informed list of best practice recommendations, all of which aid as a road map for implementing an effective RM system, thereby contributing to the enhancement of practice. In addition, the research has developed a RM maturity model purposely for measuring firms’ existing RM maturity level and identifying key areas for further improvement. Mixed method approach was chosen for the purpose of addressing the research aim and objectives. The first stage of the approach involved a comprehensive review of relevant literature. Then, a pilot study and two questionnaire surveys were designed and distributed to professionals from construction organisations in the GCC countries. Moreover, six case studies from real-life projects were conducted. The RM framework was validated through a series of experts’ interviews. This research has identified and ranked 62 key risk factors affecting construction project performance, and were categorised under four levels, namely: country level, industry and market level, firm capability level, and project implementation level. Also, this research study has identified 28 RM maturity criteria and 15 critical barriers to RM implementation. These were used to develop a comprehensive RM maturity system, which can serve as a guide for determining the RM capability of construction organisations to enable them decide on the most appropriate implementation strategies. Moreover, the case studies provide rich in-depth qualitative data that explains, among others, the status of RM implementation in practice and the level of maturity displayed by GCC construction organisations on this subject. The cross–case comparison results substantiated the survey findings, and highlighted the influence of the firms’ characteristics on the RM implementation. Also, the findings serve as a case-study from GCC countries from which other countries in the Middle East and developing world can benefit immensely from the lessons learnt, since these countries share a lot in common as far as RM practices are concerned. The empirical results and outcomes of this research are arguably the first to be presented for the GCC construction industry, and therefore have a high potential of contributing significantly to the existing body of knowledge and understanding in RM. The results of this research do not only fill a major gap in the literature on the subject of RM practice in this industry, but also offer greater awareness and understanding of RM implementation in construction firms. Future studies would be conducted to assess the RM maturity in other projects or in other countries and to investigate the relationship between the RM maturity and improvement in project performance. For instance, the case studies would be performed to uncover RM implementation and the associated managerial implications which will allow practitioners to understand the real implementation issues in practice and the experience of firms that is worth learning from.
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Almulla, Youssef. "Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries 2040 energy scenario for electricity generation and water desalination." Thesis, KTH, Energisystemanalys, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-170763.
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Judicious modeling of an energy system can help provide insights as to how elements of the energy system might be configured in the longer term. The current and future electricity and water desalination systems of each GCC country were represented using a full-cost based optimization tool called MESSAGE and the following scenarios were examined: 1. The business as usual scenario (BAU): current energy system is extended into the future without any changes. The energy system structure and characteristics are kept the same. The fuel prices are also kept at the current subsidized levels. 2 - The netback-pricing scenario: all fuel costs are increased to the international market price. The freed amount of fuel is assumed to be available for export to the international market. Moreover, this scenario examines different carbon tax options of 0, 20,30 ,40 and 50 dollars per kilo tons of CO2 emissions. 3 - The Nuclear hub scenario: examines the idea of a “nuclear hub” state for the GCC region that can have all the “know-how” and logistics to provide sufficient nuclear energy for the GCC through the Interconnection Grid “GCCIG”. Results shows that fossil fuels will continue to play an important role in a least cost future for the region. This is due, in no small part, to the cheap natural gas resources in the GCC. Despite the high renewable energy technologies potential, their penetration – given the study assumptions - proved to be important, but limited in the GCC. On the other hand, nuclear energy shows clear economic potential.
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Bahtiti, Rasha. "The influence of macroeconomic fundamentals on banks performance in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13564.
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Mestrado em FinançasO objetivo deste estudo é determinar o efeito de algumas variáveis macroeconômicas selecionadas sobre o desempenho dos principais bancos comerciais nos países do Conselho de Cooperação do Golfo (CCG). O período- alvo é aplicado para os anos entre 1998 e 2014. Um grupo de variáveis macroeconômicas independentes (crescimento real do PIB, inflação e abertura comercial da economia) foi determinado para medir os seus efeitos sobre o desempenho dos principais bancos comerciais nos países do CCG, o que poderia ajudar na avaliação das áreas onde essas variáveis reforçam melhores desempenho dos bancos. A principal conclusão deste estudo foi que nos principais países do CCG, o desempenho dos bancos comerciais é impulsionado principalmente pelo crescimento anual do PIB e pela abertura comercial da economia. Alguns resultados concluídos no estudo não foram antecipados e foram explicados com base em determinadas situações nesses países que podem diferir dos outros. Em particular, ao contrario de que nos previmos, a inflação tem uma contribuição insignificante sobre o desempenho dos bancos na região.
The aim of this study is to determine the effect of some selected macroeconomic variables on the performance of the main commercial banks in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. The targeted period is applied for the years between 1998 and 2014. A group of macroeconomics independent variables (real GDP growth, inflation and trade- openness of the economy) was determined to measure their effects on main commercial banks' performance in the GCC countries, which could help in assessing the areas where these variables enforce better banks' performance. The main conclusion to retain from this study is that the commercial banks' performance in main GCC countries is driven mainly by GDP annual growth and the trade-openness of the economy (TGDP). Some results of this study were not anticipated and they were explained based on the certain situations and rules in the GCC countries that may differ from others. Results concluded that inflation has insignificant contribution to the banks' performance in the region, although it is anticipated to have an influence on banks' performance as inflation affects the real interest rates which banks charge and receive.
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Wael, Jundi. "Alternative exchange regimes in oil exporting economies : the case of the Gulf Cooperation Council." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2015. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/4470/.
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During the period between 2004 and 2008 the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries witnessed high levels of inflation. This was largely due to the US dollar pegged exchange rate regime operating in these economies at the time, and the depreciation of the US dollar over other major currencies during the same period. This research explores alternative exchange rate regimes available for the GCC, taking into consideration their size, wealth and economic performance. It also evaluates the possible effects on the private sector if an alternative regime is adopted. Finally, it assesses the readiness of the GCC economies to move towards a single currency and compares the GCC proposed currency union with the Euro experience. Researchers supporting fixed exchange regime believe that it leads to a better inflation performance according to Ghosh et. al. (1996), Hausmann et. al. (1999) and Eichengreen et.al. (1999). Others, like Caramazza et. al. (1998) believe that this is not standard for all emerging economies and also Collins (1996) supports a fixed regime for economies with poor growth, which is not the case for the GCC. On the other hand, Duttagupta et. al. (2005) and Velasco (2000) support a floating regime for economies with technical knowhow and an international trading volume. The move to a more flexible regime will lead to fluctuation in the nominal exchange rate, which is expected to affect the stock market performance according to Frankel et. al. (2007), Tian et. al. (2010) and Dornbush et. al. (1980). Other researchers such as Bartram et. al. (2012), Nieh et. al. (2002) and Tsai (2012) are of the view that this relation between the stock market and exchange rate doesn’t exist. Taking into consideration the size of the combined GCC economy and the integration between these economies, this support the move to a single currency union as the GCC forms an Optimum Currency Area. This move is supported by researchers like Laabas et. al. (2002), Rose (2000) and Pisani-Ferry (2012) who believe that a single currency union will increase intra-trading, liberate reserves and increase the trust of the union economies. The methodology adopted in this research combines both empirical approach and informal approach and compares the outcome from both methodologies. Tests such as Unit Root Test to examine stationarity, Cointegration to examine long-run relationship between variables, VAR and ECM tests for short-run relationship test and Granger Causality tests to examine if a variable can be used to forecast another variable were used in this research. In addition to the above formal approach, a Mundell-Fleming theory was introduced to examine the relationship between stock market and exchange regime and an informal theoretical analysis was presented to assess the GCC readiness to form a currency union. The main findings of the research can be summarized as follow: 1. Analysis of economic indicators from the GCC supports the move towards a more flexible exchange rate regime. 2. The effect of nominal currency fluctuation on the private sector is expected to be minimal in the short-run and managabele in the long run. 3. GCC countries still have a long way to go if they are to form a currency union as the underlying infrastructure is weak. This research was conducted in the period between 2006 and 2015, which has witnessed an abnormal economic cycles, mainly the 2008 international financial crisis. This has led the author to eliminate some years following the 2008 crisis. Also, one of the main complications raised in this research was data collection, especially GCC related data. This has led to following different informal approaches to collect the required data for the research.
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Mitry, Hanna. "Gulf Cooperation Council i ljuset av Gulfkrisen 2017 : En analys av det säkerhetspolitiska samarbetet." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-148411.
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The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) is an organization which has provided both cooperation between the Gulf countries but also division and crisis. The latest of these crises started in June 2017 and this report is aiming to examine how the latest of crises has affected the security cooperation within the GCC but also how the security cooperation was before the crisis and how the changes in cooperation can be explained. The report use two different theories to answer these questions. Although the Gulf crisis of 2017 has had effects on the security policy cooperation, this isn’t a new phenomenon for the organization. The GCC has had disagreements within the cooperation since the start and this has followed their work through the years with major effects during difficult and uncertain times such as the Arab spring of 2011. These disagreements have also led to crises in the past, but they have been resolved due to outer threats towards the GCC such as the strengthened position of IS in 2014. The Gulf crisis of 2017 has had its’ effects on the GCC:s security cooperation for example in terms of canceled military exercises with the US. However, the organization’s work within the field of anti-terrorism is still ongoing inspite of the current crisis.
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Moussa, Abdulaziz al. "The Gulf cooperation council : an experiment in regional organization : a legal and political analysis /." Genève : A. Al-Moussa, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35016893r.
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bh, jaflah@itc uob, and Jaflah Hassan Al-Ammary. "Knowledge Management Strategic Alignment in the Banking Sector at the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries." Murdoch University, 2008. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20081203.120238.
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An alignment or fit between an organizations objectives and knowledge management (KM) practices should be established in order for the organization to fully utilize its knowledge assets and to derive competitive advantages. The organization should deploy a holistic approach for KM that spans business strategy, information system (IS) strategy, organization culture, and human factors. This research has investigated the strategic alignment between knowledge strategy and business strategy - KMBS-SA and the strategic alignment between knowledge strategy and IS strategy - KMIS-SA in the banking sector among the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Using the proposed model, the study explored the impacts of KMBS-SA and KMIS-SA on the organizational performance. The main hypothesis of this research is that knowledge is the main resource in an organization, and by aligning this resource with the business strategy and IS strategy, the alignment will contribute positively on the performance of the organization.
The research model was illustrated in two different conceptualizations hypothesizing the different relationships between knowledge strategies, business strategy and IS strategy. The first conceptualization illustrates the KMBS-SA and KMIS-SA, and an investigation on the contribution of theses alignments on the organizational performance. The second conceptualization of the research model aims at investigating the impact of different types or profiles of KMBS-SA and KMIS-SA on the organizational performance. This study examined different alignments between two profiles of knowledge strategy - Aggressive Knowledge Strategy (AKS) and Conservative Knowledge Strategy (CKS), with various types of business strategy according to Miles and Snows (1978) strategic typology, and, the alignment of the two profiles of knowledge strategy with various IS strategy based on the STROIS approach by Chan et al. (1997). Using both conceptualizations, the role of knowledge strategy as a moderator or a mediator in the contribution of the business strategy and IS strategy towards the organizational performance was examined. The primary data for this study was collected through a survey of 106 banks from the six Gulf countries: Kingdom of Bahrain, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Oman. The first overall conclusion demonstrated that there is a strong association between knowledge strategy and business strategy and that KMBS-SA clearly influenced the organizational performance. The second overall result of this research shows that in the context of GCC countries, knowledge strategy received stronger support as moderator of the IS congruence association with performance and that KMIS-SA is the primary determinant of the effectiveness of IS in the GCC banks.
From the finding, it is recommended that the GCC banks should take KMBS-SA and KMIS-SA challenge seriously and should consider the alignment implication before moving ahead to implement a strategic plan. Furthermore, the research finding revealed that GCC bank should not ignore the different dimensions of knowledge strategic choices. The banks need to determine different profiles for their knowledge strategy in order to support all aspects of business strategy and IS strategic dimensions that are most important for the organization. They should then direct the organizational knowledge resources to support these profiles. Finally, it is recommended that the banks should define and establish a position in KM in order to oversee the knowledge strategy and KM issues.
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Alhaiyaf, Khalid Nasser. "A critical analysis of the legal role and functions of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/48750/.
Full textAbstract:
The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) is an international organisation established in 1981 between six Gulf countries, Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Kuwait, Oman, Qatar and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). According to the GCC Supreme Council, it was established to foster and manage cooperation between these countries and to serve their common interests. This thesis explores another factor, that it was established in response to specific security concerns in the context of the energy crisis that arose after the 1970‟s war between Egypt and Israel, the Soviet attack on Afghanistan and the Iranian revolution which was followed by the Iran-Iraq war. It is a doctrinal study that aims to determine where the GCC fits as an international institution within the framework of international law and international institutions particularly. Accordingly, the aim of this thesis is to analyse critically what the GCC is and does exactly. More specifically, it examines the type of organisation the GCC is, its relationship with member states and other international organisations and considers its future role as a key regional organisation. This thesis analyses the reason for its establishment, leaders‟ opinions about its nature, the GCC's methods for producing collective political attitudes and economic cooperation. It also assesses the kinds of laws the GCC produces, their status, whether hard and soft law, as well as their enforcement. This analysis is conducted from a combined legal positivist and international relations framework. From Nasserism to the Arab Spring, the GCC has withstood the waves of political movements in the Middle East. This thesis provide a critical analysis of the GCC‟s overall achievements and aims, with a particular focus on its response to key political developments such as these. This thesis argues that GCC members have been using the GCC as means to achieve their own ends. Due to the nature of their governing systems – absolute monarchy – they are using the GCC to maintain the security and stability of their own ruling systems. However, while the GCC has always focused on security and economic cooperation, its achievements are stronger in the latter because security is linked to external factors.
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Mirtaheri, Seyed Ahmad. "Transnational Capitalism and the Middle East: Understanding the Transnational Elites of the Gulf Cooperation Council." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2607.
Full textAbstract:
In this dissertation, I argue that transnational elites within the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) have been integrated within a Transnational Capitalist Class (TCC) economically, militarily and politically through relationships that transcend the boundaries of the nation-state. These relationships exist within the context of a global capitalist structure of accumulation that is dependent on the maintenance of a repressive state apparatus in the GCC. There have been few attempts to analyze the relationships that Middle Eastern political and economic elites have developed with global elite networks. This work fills an important gap in the scholarly literature by linking the political and economic power of the GCC elites to transnational capitalist class actors in the U.S. and Western Europe. The TCC is comprised of actors who derive their wealth and power from ownership of production or financial activities on a global scale. The embeddedness of GCC elites within the TCC came with the de-centralization of capital accumulation occurring from the 1970s through the present that has linked regional and local capitalists to the ownership activities of transnational capitalist firms. The GCC is an important case study for analyzing the structure and consequences the current phase of globalization due to its relative vi importance in providing resources and financing for transnational globalization. Therefore this project contributes to our assessment of the role played by transnational elites in the GCC and the regional and global consequences of their power struggles based in part on a theoretical framework derived from Neo-Gramscianism.
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Almotairy, Sami F. "The Gulf Cooperation Council and the challenges of establishing an integrated capability for upholding security." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/5677.
Full textAbstract:
Reissued 25 May 2015 with correction to author's surnameApproved for public release; distribution in unlimited.
Reissued 25 May 2015 with correction to author's surname
Approved for public release; distribution in unlimited.
The Gulf Cooperation Council's abysmal performance during the last thirty years clearly demonstrates that the member-states of this alliance remain unprepared to seriously commit themselves to the establishment of a credible joint defense force able to facilitate the goal of collective security for which the GCC was established in the first place. This thesis seeks explanations as to why the GCC has made little progress in establishing mechanisms to provide collective security for its members through the lenses of neorealist theory and regime theory. Neorealist theory does explain the GCC's stumble on the path to achieving collective security by expecting that the GCC would not succeed if there were other options for security, but it fails to explain the causes that led the GCC member-states to seek other security options. Applying regime theory in the case of the GCC will identify the GCC's reasons for seeking other security options. This thesis hypothesizes that the GCC failed to guarantee security to its members due to its weakness as a regime, explained by regime theory, which led the GCC member-states to seek other security options provided by external power through bilateral security agreements, as predicted by neorealism.