Journal articles: 'Guild composition'

1

Setyaningrum, Nuning, Sugiharto Sugiharto, and Priyo Susatyo. "Komposisi dan status guild komunitas ikan di Waduk Sempor Jawa Tengah." Depik 9, no. 3 (September 21, 2020): 411–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.13170/depik.9.3.15094.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract.The functional community is described depends on the function of species in utilization food (guild). The utilization of food is a process of energy transfers in the food chain and it is represented in the pyramid of numbers. The objective of this research was to analyze the structure community of fish and the guild compositions in Sempor Reservoir. This research applied a survey with purposive random sampling technique with four station in Sempor Reservoir. Sampling at each site was taken 4 replication with interval 1 monts. The composition and status of the guild is carried out by mesuring the guild based on the position of the mouth, tooth type, gill filter type, and ratio of body length and intestine. Guilds are composed of compositions depicted by a number pyramid based on the number of species per station. The results of this reserach captured 439 individuals consists of 14 species and belong to 6 families that dominated by Cyprinidae. The number and species of fish caught were the most at the Bangkong river inlet (142 individuals) and the lowest at the center of the reservoir (60 individuals). Comparison of the composition of fish guilds at the four stations in the Sempor Reservoir shows that the number of omnivorous and carnivorous fish is obtained more than herbivorous fish. The composition of the guild at Kalianget river inlet (72.9%) and Central reservoir (42.7%) was dominated by carnivorous fish, while at Pengantalan river inlet (52.9%) and Bangkong (58.9%) were dominated by omnivorous fish. The composition of herbivorous fish is at least at all stations so that in general the composition of fish guilds in the Sempor reservoir has not been balanced.Keywords: species composition, guild, pyramid of number,Sempor reservoir Abstrak. Komunitas secara fungsional menggambarkan fungsi spesies yang ditentukan dengan pemanfaatan sumber makanan (guild). Pemanfaatan makanan dalam rantai makanan merupakan proses transfer energi dan digambarkan dengan piramida jumlah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengkaji komposisi dan tingkat status guild komunitas ikan yang tertangkap di perairan waduk Sempor. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei dan teknik purposive random sampling pada 4 stasiun di Waduk Sempor. Sampling dilakukan sebanyak 4 kali tiap bulan. Komposisi dan status guild dengan mengukur guild berdasarkan posisi mulut, tipe gigi, tipe tapis insang, dan rasio panjang tubuh dan usus. Komposisi guild digambarkan dengan piramida jumlah berdasarkan jumlah spesies per stasiun. Hasil penelitian diperoleh 439 individu terdiri dari 8 Familia dan 14 Spesies yang di dominasi familia Cyprinidae. Jumlah dan jenis individu ikan yang tertangkap paling banyak pada inlet sungai Bangkong (142 individu) dan terendah pada bagian tengah waduk (60 individu). Perbandingan komposisi guild ikan pada empat stasiun di waduk Sempor menunjukkan bahwa jumlah ikan omnivora dan karnivora lebih banyak diperoleh daripada ikan herbivora. Komposisi guild pada inlet sungai Kalianget (72,9%) dan Tengah waduk (42,7%) di dominasi oleh ikan karnivora, sedangkan pada inlet sungai Pengantalan (52,9%) dan Bangkong (58,9%) di dominasi ikan omnivora. Komposisi ikan herbivora paling sedikit pada semua stasiun sehingga secara umum komposisi guild ikan di waduk Sempor belum seimbang.Kata kunci: komposisi jenis, guild, piramida jumlah, waduk Sempor

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

GJONI, VOJSAVA, STAMATIS GHINIS, MAURIZIO PINNA, LUCA MAZZOTTA, GABRIELE MARINI, MARIO CIOTTI, ILARIA ROSATI, FABIO VIGNES, SERENA ARIMA, and ALBERTO BASSET. "Patterns of functional diversity of macroinvertebrates across three aquatic ecosystem types, NE Mediterranean." Mediterranean Marine Science 20, no. 4 (December 20, 2019): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.19314.

Full text

Abstract:

This study is focused on investigating the variation patterns of macroinvertebrate guilds functional structure, in relation to the taxonomic one, across aquatic ecosystem types along the salinity gradient from freshwater to marine and the resulting implications on guild organization and energy flows. Synoptic samplings have been carried out using the leaf-pack technique at 30 sites of the aquatic ecosystems of the Corfu Island (Greece), including freshwater, lagoon, and marine sites. Here, we analyzed the macroinvertebrate guilds of river, lagoon, and marine ecosystems, as: i. taxonomic composition and population abundance ii. trophic guilds composition and relative abundance; and iii. body size spectra and size patterns. The following variation patterns across the three ecosystem types were observed: a. trophic guild composition and body size spectra were more conservative than taxonomic composition within and among ecosystem types, where, trophic guild and size spectra composition were more similar between river and lagoon ecosystem types than with marine ones; b. a dominance on resource exploitation of large species over smaller ones was inferred at all sites; and, c. higher body size-specific density of individuals was consistently observed in lagoon than in freshwater and marine ecosystems. Results extend previous findings suggesting a common hierarchical organization of benthic macroinvertebrate guilds in aquatic ecosystems and showing that lagoon ecosystems have higher energy density transferred to benthic macroinvertebrates than both freshwater and marine ecosystem types.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Prak, Maarten, Clare Haru Crowston, Bert De Munck, Christopher Kissane, Chris Minns, Ruben Schalk, and Patrick Wallis. "Access to the Trade: Monopoly and Mobility in European Craft Guilds in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries." Journal of Social History 54, no. 2 (November 27, 2019): 421–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shz070.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract One of the standard objections against guilds in the premodern world has been their exclusiveness. Guilds have been portrayed as providing unfair advantages to the children of established masters and locals, over immigrants and other outsiders. Privileged access to certain professions and industries is seen as a source of inequality and a disincentive for technological progress. In this paper, we examine this assumption by studying the composition of guild masters and apprentices from a large sample of European towns and cities from 1600 to 1800, focusing on the share who were children of masters or locals. These data offer an indirect measurement of the strength of guild barriers and, by implication, of their monopolies. We find very wide variation between guilds in practice, but most guild masters and apprentices were immigrants or unrelated locals: openness was much more common than closure, especially in larger centers. Our understanding of guild “monopolies” and exclusivity is in need of serious revision.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Han, Qingxi, Xiamin Jiang, and Xiaobo Wang. "The polychaete feeding guild composition in the Sishili Bay, the northern Yellow Sea, China." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 96, no. 5 (November 26, 2015): 1083–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315415001873.

Full text

Abstract:

In this research, the feeding guild composition of the polychaete community was described and analysed in the northern Yellow Sea, China. The polychaete feeding guilds also showed a distinct seasonal abundance fluctuation that was similar to that observed for macrofauna. Burrowers were the most predominant feeding guild, whereas filter feeders and herbivores only constituted a negligible proportion of the total abundance. A Spearman rank correlation was performed to analyse the relationships between the feeding guilds and the environmental parameters. Surface deposit feeders and carnivores appeared to be vulnerable to variations of environmental conditions. However, burrowers and filter feeders were not susceptible to the natural or anthropogenic disturbances, with grain size determined to be the only conclusive factor. These results revealed that the feeding guild of polychaetes showed significant spatial and temporal changes, and spatial heterogeneity was a stronger predictor than temporal variation. The feeding guilds of polychaetes can be applied alone to discern the environmental change, which would be faster and more cost-effective with best equilibrium between the precision of the results and a decrease in taxonomic effort. Furthermore, bimonthly sampling was proved to be unessential and reduction of the sampling frequency was necessary to save expense and effort.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Lestari, Windiariani, Dini Auliya Zayyana, Nuning Setyaningrum, and Titis Amelia. "The Guild Composition for Modelling Fish Community in Banjaran River, Purwokerto." Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education 10, no. 3 (December 18, 2018): 698–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i3.15602.

Full text

Abstract:

Over exploitation of consumed fishes causes declining of targeted fish populations that will lead to a cascade effect to the guild compositions. The change of carnivorous, omnivorous and herbivorous fish populations drives to the food chain destructions and unstable ecosystems. The objective of this study was to build fish community modelling based on guild compositions. This study was conducted on fish communities in the Banjaran River. The data collected were species richness, the abundance of fish and the guild composition among carnivore, herbivore, and omnivore. Survey and purposive random sampling technique were applied and Banjaran River was divided into five sites based on the physical characteristics of the environment and fishing activities. Species richness data were analyzed by ANOVA, the composition of the carnivorous, omnivorous and herbivorous fish was analyzed descriptively based on the guild pyramides. About 115 individuals consist of 17 species belong to 5 families were found. The species richness in the five sites in was relatively similar (P > 0.05 (P = 0.269)). The fish community in site 3 had the balanced composition which was composed by 3% carnivores, 21.2% omnivores and 75.8% of herbivores. This fish community modelling could be an an alternative way to manage fish community. By controlling the carnivorous fish population, the natural resource especially fish as food resource will sustain and the species loss will be prevent.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Dolbeth, Marina, Heliana Teixeira, João Carlos Marques, and Miguel Ângelo Pardal. "Feeding guild composition of a macrobenthic subtidal community along a depth gradient." Scientia Marina 73, no. 2 (March 16, 2009): 225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2009.73n2225.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Pauw, Anton. "A Bird's-Eye View of Pollination: Biotic Interactions as Drivers of Adaptation and Community Change." Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 50, no. 1 (November 2, 2019): 477–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110218-024845.

Full text

Abstract:

Nectarivorous birds and bird-pollinated plants are linked by a network of interactions. Here I ask how these interactions influence evolution and community composition. I find near complete evidence for the effect of birds on plant evolution. Experiments show the process in action—birds select among floral phenotypes in a population—and comparative studies find the resulting pattern—bird-pollinated species have long-tubed, red flowers with large nectar volumes. Speciation is accomplished in one “magical” step when adaptation for bird pollination brings about divergent morphology and reproductive isolation. In contrast, evidence that plants drive bird evolution is fragmentary. Studies of selection on population-level variation are lacking, but the resulting pattern is clear—nectarivorous birds have evolved a remarkable number of times and often have long bills and brush-tipped or tubular tongues. At the level of the ecological guild, birds select among plant species via an effect on seed set and thus determine plant community composition. Plants simultaneously influence the relative fitness of bird species and thus determine the composition of the bird guild. Interaction partners may give one guild member a constant fitness advantage, resulting in competitive exclusion and community change, or may act as limiting resources that depress the fitness of frequent species, thus stabilizing community composition and allowing the coexistence of diversity within bird and plant guilds.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Chatterjee, Abhishek, Sudeshna Ghoshal, Soumyajit Chowdhury, and Pinakiranjan Chakrabarti. "Report of the early winter migrants and resident birds in an inland wetland near Tundi Camp, Bajana, Gujarat." Journal of Threatened Taxa 10, no. 5 (April 26, 2018): 11652. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2459.10.5.11652-11658.

Full text

Abstract:

The study is based on the avian community observed in the region. In total, 1,079 individuals, 62 genera and 79 species of birds belonging to 35 families have been recorded. Among them, the family Anatidae with 20.42% incidence is the most frequent; immediately followed by the family Phoenicopteridae (10.59% of occurrence). Little Cormorant Phalacrocorax niger is the most abundant avian species observed. The community consists of 44% resident; 36% resident-migrant and 20% migrant bird species. It was observed that the concerned community shows a considerable diversity and a correspondingly low value of dominance. In the feeding guild analysis, the insectivore guild has the most number of recorded avian species. The feeding guild affiliations also point out that the overall community is fairly rich in its composition as it houses bird species belonging to various feeding guilds.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Salgado Mejia, Fernando, Ricardo López Wilchis, Luis Manuel Guevara Chumacero, Pedro Luis Valverde Padilla, Pablo Corcuera Martínez del Rio, Sergio Leonardo Porto Ramírez, Ixchel Rojas Mertínez, and Gihovani Ademir Samano Barbosa. "Characterization of assemblages in neotropical cave dwelling bats based on their diet, wing morphology, and flight performance." Therya 12, no. 3 (September 19, 2021): 435–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.12933/therya-21-1075.

Full text

Abstract:

Bats have a great variety of wing morphologies that determines the bat’s flight performance, and this in turn conditions the forage aerosphere and the food it can obtain. Several studies have shown differences in wing morphology, flight performance, and forage aerospheres among species from different trophic guilds. However, for species that share a guild this is not entirely clear. It is possible that these species have differences in their diet and show changes in wing morphology that modify their flight performance and forage areas. Determining this will allow a better understanding of spatial segregation among species that share a trophic guild. These studies allow the identification of species assemblages based on wing morphological differences and flight performance that would not be distinguished only by guild membership. Our goal was to define the species assemblages that make up a community of Neotropical cave dwelling bats based on their trophic guild, flight performance, and forage zone. A community of Neotropical cave dwelling bats from a cave in Veracruz, Mexico was analyzed. The diet of each species was determined by means of their stomach contents and bibliographic review. In addition, aspect ratio, wing loading and tip index were calculated. Based on the wing characteristics and diet, multivariate groupings and orders were performed, as well as to define the assemblages present. According to the wing characteristics and the dietary composition, four groups of species were found that represent four different flight characteristics in terms of agility and maneuverability. There was agreement between diet and wing characteristics, and the four trophic groups were identified through canonical correspondence analysis. Correlating wing morphology, diet and forage area allows us to adequately define the assemblages of a community of bats. Regarding the hypothesis, it was found that species that share a food guild show differences in the composition of their food and wing morphology, which generate differences in flight performance and forage areas. Four assemblages differing in forage aerospheres among three trophic guilds are described: understory and facultative artrhopodivorous, semi-clearing hematophages, and facultative nectarivores. Finally, spatial segregation between the species of the families Mormoopidae and Natalidae was recognized.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Chatterjee, Abhishek, Sudeshna Ghoshal, and Pinakiranjan Chakrabarti. "A Synoptic Report on the Early Winter Migrants and Resident Birds in the Coastal Wetland of the Marine National Park, Positra, Gujarat." International Letters of Natural Sciences 49 (November 2015): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.49.35.

Full text

Abstract:

The study is based on the avian community observed in the region. In total, 524 individuals, 27 genera and 35 species of birds belonging to 21 families have been recorded. Among them, the family Charadriidae with 15.08% incidence is the most frequent; immediately followed by the family Scolopacidae (11.26% of occurence). The highest observed species richness has been observed in case of the family Ardeidae. Little Ringed Plover (Charadriusdubius) is the most abundant avian species observed. The community consists of 40% Resident; 40% Resident-migrant and 20% Migrant bird species. It was observed that the concerned community shows a considerable diversity and a corresponding low value of dominance. In the feeding guild analysis, the Insectivore and the Aquatic invertebrate-feeder guilds have the most number of recorded avian species. The feeding guild affiliations also points out that the overall community is fairly rich in its composition as it houses bird species belonging to various feeding guilds.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Gove, Aaron D., Kristoffer Hylander, Sileshi Nemomissa, Anteneh Shimelis, and Woldeyohannes Enkossa. "Structurally complex farms support high avian functional diversity in tropical montane Ethiopia." Journal of Tropical Ecology 29, no. 2 (February 11, 2013): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467413000023.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract:Of all feeding guilds, understorey insectivores are thought to be most sensitive to disturbance and forest conversion. We compared the composition of bird feeding guilds in tropical forest fragments with adjacent agro-ecosystems in a montane region of south-west Ethiopia. We used a series of point counts to survey birds in 19 agriculture and 19 forest sites and recorded tree species within each farm across an area of 40 × 35 km. Insectivores (~17 spp. per plot), frugivores (~3 spp. per plot) and omnivores (~5 spp. per plot) maintained species density across habitats, while granivores and nectarivores increased in the agricultural sites by factors of 7 and 3 respectively. Species accumulation curves of each guild were equal or steeper in agriculture, suggesting that agricultural and forest landscapes were equally heterogeneous for all bird guilds. Counter to most published studies, we found no decline in insectivore species richness with forest conversion. However, species composition differed between the two habitats, with certain forest specialists replaced by other species within each feeding guild. We suggest that the lack of difference in insectivorous species numbers between forest and agriculture in this region is due to the benign nature of the agricultural habitat, but also due to a regional species pool which contains many bird species which are adapted to open habitats.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Rosas-Ramos, Natalia, Laura Baños-Picón, José Tormos, and Josep D. Asís. "Farming system shapes traits and composition of spider assemblages in Mediterranean cherry orchards." PeerJ 8 (April 2, 2020): e8856. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8856.

Full text

Abstract:

Habitat properties, including crop type, farming system, management practices, or topographic features such as the hillside aspect, may act as environmental filters that select organisms sharing traits compatible with those conditions. The more environmentally-friendly management practices implemented in organic farming seem to benefit a range of taxa, but the extent of those benefits is not well understood. In cherry orchards of the Jerte Valley (Extremadura, western Spain), we explored the response of spider assemblages to the farming system (organic and conventional) and the hillside aspect (sunny or shady) from a taxonomical, behavioral, and morphological perspective. Spiders from both the canopy and soil surface were collected and identified to family. According to their foraging strategy, spiders were sorted in guilds and, for a selected family in each guild, body size was measured on each captured individual. Spider traits and composition were determined by local factors derived from farming system, and by climate conditions associated to the hillside aspect. In taxonomical terms, spiders benefit from organic farming and by the shady aspect. However, from a behavioral perspective, spiders with different foraging strategies exhibit strong variations in their response to the evaluated factors. From a morphological perspective, body size within guilds is differently conditioned by management practices that constitute conditioning disturbance events for each guild, resulting in selecting small individuals. The observed differences in taxonomical, behavioral, and morphological responses of spider communities to habitat properties highlight the importance of examining their assemblages from different perspectives when assessing how they respond to changes in management practices and topographic features.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Moreno-Fonseca, Carlos J., and German D. Amat-García. "Morfoecología de gremios en escarabajos (Coleoptera: Passalidae) en un gradiente altitudinal en robledales de la Cordillera Oriental, Colombia." Revista de Biología Tropical 64, no. 1 (June 28, 2016): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v64i1.18561.

Full text

Abstract:

Bess beetles are important components on tropical forest dead wood nutrient cycling, since they act as direct consumers and ease the consumption by another organism (indirect). Studies of bess beetle ecology are scarce and have focused on communities responses to environmental changes on alimentary resources. We characterized the bess beetles guild composition in an elevation gradient, according to their differential use of resources (microhabitat) and morphological traits quantification (geometric and lineal), as a potential tool to improve our understanding on resource use and functional ecology of beetles. Three guilds (underbark, sapwood-heartwood and generalists feeders), five species and 198 familiar groups were recognized; their richness decreased as elevation increased. Changes in linear morphometric measures were influenced by elevation; morphogeometrical measures were not associated with the elevation gradient, only grouping at guild level were observed. Morphological markers analysis (morphometric) provided information to guild delimitation. Body and metatibiae shape contributed with the best information to guild grouping. Quantification of those structural markers proved the relationship between resource repartition, because they are involved in movement on wood galleries and wood consumption, this fact allowed to propose specific functional roles. The identified patterns have contributed on the understanding of functional processes in Passalidae communities and their role in ecosystem function.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Milne, Damian J., Chris J. Burwell, and Chris R. Pavey. "Dietary composition of insectivorous bats of the Top End of Australia." Australian Mammalogy 38, no. 2 (2016): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am15044.

Full text

Abstract:

Diet and, more broadly, trophic ecology is an important aspect of microbat ecology that provides valuable information on how species interact and persist within the environment. In this study, we assessed the trophic ecology of a microbat assemblage in the wet–dry tropics of northern Australia. On the basis of analysis of stomach and faecal contents, we assessed 23 species representing seven families, including three species (Taphozous kapalgensis, Nyctophilus arnhemensis and Pipistrellus adamsi) for which no previous dietary data are available. Insects were the principal food source of all species in the Top End microbat assemblage. For foraging guilds, a higher percentage of Orthoptera and Coleoptera were present in species from the ‘Uncluttered’ guild whereas a higher percentage of Lepidoptera were taken by bats in the ‘Background clutter’ and ‘Highly cluttered’ guilds. However, there was considerable overlap between microbat diets irrespective of foraging strategy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

MacFadden, Bruce J., and Bruce J. Shockey. "Ancient feeding ecology and niche differentiation of Pleistocene mammalian herbivores from Tarija, Bolivia: morphological and isotopic evidence." Paleobiology 23, no. 1 (1997): 77–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300016651.

Full text

Abstract:

The exceedingly rich middle Pleistocene mammalian fauna from the classic Ensenadan Tarija basin in southern Bolivia contains a diversity of medium to large-bodied herbivores consisting of both endemic (†Toxodontia, †Litopterna, Xenarthra) and immigrant (Rodentia, Proboscidea, Perissodactyla, and Artiodactyla) taxa. In order to characterize feeding ecology and niche differences, a suite of morphological characters was measured for each of 13 species of herbivorous mammals from the Pleistocene of Tarija; these were combined with carbon isotopic results from tooth enamel. (The Xenarthra were excluded from this study because they lack tooth enamel.)Several different bivariate and multivariate combinations of characters can be used to characterize the feeding adaptations, niches, and guild composition of the Tarija mammalian herbivores. During the Pleistocene the browsing guild in the Tarija basin is interpreted to include the tapir (Tapirus tarijensis), extinct llama (Palaeolama weddelli), peccary (Tayassusp.), and deer (Hippocamelussp.). The mixed-feeding guild included two horse species (Hippidion principaleandOnohippidium devillei), litoptern (Macrauchenia patachonica), and capybara (Neochoerus tarijensis). The grazing guild included the numerically dominant horse (Equus insulatus), two lamine species (Lama angustimaxillaand cf.Vicugna, provicugna), notoungulate (Toxodon platensis), and gomphothere proboscidean (Cuvieronius hyodon). The grazing guild has the widest range of body sizes relative to the two other guilds. Closely related sympatric species within the Equidae and Camelidae differentiate their niches from one another using a combination of body size, feeding ecology, and probably local habitat. Most of the paleoecological reconstructions resulting from this combined morphological and isotopic analysis corroborate previous studies based primarily on morphology; there are, however, some notable surprises.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Zheng, Yue, Huan Wang, Zheng Yu, Fauzi Haroon, Maria E. Hernández, and Ludmila Chistoserdova. "Metagenomic Insight into Environmentally Challenged Methane-Fed Microbial Communities." Microorganisms 8, no. 10 (October 20, 2020): 1614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8101614.

Full text

Abstract:

In this study, we aimed to investigate, through high-resolution metagenomics and metatranscriptomics, the composition and the trajectories of microbial communities originating from a natural sample, fed exclusively with methane, over 14 weeks of laboratory incubation. This study builds on our prior data, suggesting that multiple functional guilds feed on methane, likely through guild-to-guild carbon transfer, and potentially through intraguild and intraspecies interactions. We observed that, under two simulated dioxygen partial pressures—low versus high—community trajectories were different, with considerable variability among the replicates. In all microcosms, four major functional guilds were prominently present, representing Methylococcaceae (the true methanotrophs), Methylophilaceae (the nonmethanotrophic methylotrophs), Burkholderiales, and Bacteroidetes. Additional functional guilds were detected in multiple samples, such as members of Opitutae, as well as the predatory species, suggesting additional complexity for methane-oxidizing communities. Metatranscriptomic analysis suggested simultaneous expression of the two alternative types of methanol dehydrogenases in both Methylococcaceae and Methylophilaceae, while high expression of the oxidative/nitrosative stress response genes suggested competition for dioxygen among the community members. The transcriptomic analysis further suggested that Burkholderiales likely feed on acetate that is produced by Methylococcaceae under hypoxic conditions, while Bacteroidetes likely feed on biopolymers produced by both Methylococcaceae and Methylophilaceae.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Sitanggang, Fajar Islam, Mokhamad Asyief K. Budiman, Andy Afandy, and Budi Prabowo. "Composition of Bird Guilds Type in Modified Secondary Forest at Curup Tenang of Muara Enim Regency South Sumatera." BIOLOGICA SAMUDRA 2, no. 1 (June 21, 2020): 66–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33059/jbs.v2i1.2298.

Full text

Abstract:

The balance of the ecosystem in a location is certainly related to the food-eating process that occurs in it. This long process is naturally used by natural organisms to flow the energy cycle chains that exist in each individual. The condition of habitat balance can be identified by the structure of bird guilds in an ecosystem. Quiet curly tourism area has a unified landscape landscape in the form of modified secondary forest. This is indicated by the presence of canopy cover that is no longer dense and modified by human activities. The location of the study this time was carried out in several locations of quiet curup tourist areas, namely in the parking lot and its surroundings, the biodiversity park of Bedegung and its surroundings, the curup waterfalls of calm and surrounding areas. The study was conducted on 6-8 August 2019. Field findings found eight types of bird guilds, namely insectivores, frugivores, carnivores, omnivores, granivores, piscivores, insectivores, frugivores and nectinivores. Most guild members found were insectivores with 43 species of members. The structure of food network pyramids that can be compiled from the results of the study are granivores and frugivores, and pure carnivores occupy the top rank with members of 3 species. Pure carnivore is a top predator in this quiet, steep landscape. Its existence is very important to control the guild population that is below it. So that the balance of the ecosystem in this location can be seen from the benchmarks of the existence of this pure carnivore type.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Hirur, Madhu E., G. Anitha, Kumari D. Anitha, and Devi G. Uma. "Diversity analysis and guild composition of spiders in rabi tomato." Indian Journal of Entomology 82, no. 2 (2020): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-8172.2020.00078.4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Cardoso, Pedro, Stano Pekár, Rudy Jocqué, and Jonathan A. Coddington. "Global Patterns of Guild Composition and Functional Diversity of Spiders." PLoS ONE 6, no. 6 (June 29, 2011): e21710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0021710.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Cristaldi, Maximiliano A., Alejandro R. Giraudo, Vanesa Arzamendia, Gisela P. Bellini, and Juan Claus. "Urbanization impacts on the trophic guild composition of bird communities." Journal of Natural History 51, no. 39-40 (September 15, 2017): 2385–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2017.1371803.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Faria, RR, and TN Lima. "Spiders associated with Psychotria carthagenensis Jacquin. (Rubiaceae): vegetative branches versus inflorescences, and the influence of Crematogaster sp. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), in South-Pantanal, Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Biology 68, no. 2 (May 2008): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842008000200002.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to analyze: i) the spider community in vegetative and reproductive branches of Psychotria carthagenensis concerning relative abundance, guild composition and body size distribution; ii) ant abundance in diferent types of branches and iii) the spider behavior when experimentally put in contact with inflorescences covered with ants. There was no difference between vegetative and reproductive branches in relation to spider abundance, composition of guilds and body size distribution of spiders. However, there was a significant difference in ant abundance. In the behavioral experiment, 90% of the spiders were expelled from inflorescences by ants; in control treatment, 100% remained in the inflorescences. The ant density in different parts of the plant may explain the spider distribution.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Nimet, Jardel, Rosilene Luciana Delariva, Luciano Lazzarini Wolff, and Jislaine Cristina da Silva. "Trophic structure of fish fauna along the longitudinal gradient of a first-order rural stream." Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia 27, no. 4 (December 2015): 381–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2179-975x2915.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Aim: This study evaluated the trophic structure of the fish assemblage along the longitudinal gradient of a first-order rural stream. Methods Fish were sampled by electrofishing technique in December 2007, September 2008 and March 2009, at three stretch of the Itiz stream (headwater, middle and mouth). We sampled 1,255 individuals relating to 18 species. The categorization of trophic guilds was based on stomach content data of 1,096 individuals, analyzed according to the volumetric method, except for four species, which were classified according to the literature. To test the hypothesis of differences in the richness, abundance and biomass of trophic guilds along the headwater-mouth gradient, it was performed non-parametric statistical analysis of the dietary data. Was also calculated, the amplitude of trophic niche (Levins's index) for each guild. To summarize the composition and abundance of the trophic guilds along the longitudinal gradient, we applied a non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). Results We registered seven guilds: herbivorous, detritivorous, aquatic insectivorous, terrestrial insectivorous, invertivorous, omnivorous and piscivorous, the latter was exclusive to headwater and middle stretches. The omnivorous guild was not recorded in the headwater. Through PERMANOVA analysis it was found that the species richness of more specialized guilds (detritivorous and insectivorous terrestrial) and of generalist invertivorous increased, while less specialized guilds like aquatic insectivorous and herbivorous, decrease significantly in headwater-mouth direction. Except by the non-expected increase of insectivorous terrestrial and decrease of herbivorous downstream, the non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) identified longitudinal variations in abundance and biomass of the guilds that agree with general patterns of fish guilds distribution along environmental gradients. Conclusion These results suggest that the influence of environmental conditions around the stream (local particularities) also contributed to the formation of the observed patterns of trophic guilds along its longitudinal gradient.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Sastranegara, H., A. Mardiastuti, and Y. A. Mulyani. "Guild Composition and Niche Overlap of Insectivorous Birds in Evergreen Rainforest." Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika (Journal of Tropical Forest Management) 26, no. 1 (April 28, 2020): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.26.1.13.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Wright, M. G., and J. H. Giliomee. "Guild composition and seasonal distribution of insects onProtea magnificaandP. laurifolia(Proteaceae)." South African Journal of Zoology 25, no. 4 (January 1990): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02541858.1990.11448220.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Meiri, Shai, Tamar Dayan, and Daniel Simberloff. "Guild composition and mustelid morphology – character displacement but no character release." Journal of Biogeography 34, no. 12 (December 2007): 2148–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01771.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Ko, Chia-Ying, Oswald J. Schmitz, Morgane Barbet-Massin, and Walter Jetz. "Dietary guild composition and disaggregation of avian assemblages under climate change." Global Change Biology 20, no. 3 (January 26, 2014): 790–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12419.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Ely, Cairn S., and Barth F. Smets. "Guild Composition of Root-Associated Bacteria Changes with Increased Soil Contamination." Microbial Ecology 78, no. 2 (January 30, 2019): 416–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00248-019-01326-6.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Koperski, Pawel. "Factors determining diversity in diet composition: multivariate analysis of a guild of epiphytic predators fig: 7 tab: 3." Fundamental and Applied Limnology 155, no. 2 (December 9, 2002): 291–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/155/2002/291.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Mahiga, Samuel N., Paul Webala, Mugo J. Mware, and Paul K. Ndang’ang’a. "Influence of Land-Use Type on Forest Bird Community Composition in Mount Kenya Forest." International Journal of Ecology 2019 (March 12, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8248270.

Full text

Abstract:

Few studies have explored how human land uses influence and support persistence of forest biodiversity in central Kenya. In the case of the Mount Kenya ecosystem, farmlands and plantation forests are significant land-use types. Using point counts, we assessed bird communities in natural forests, plantation forests, and farmlands in the Nanyuki Forest Block, Western Mount Kenya. Bird point counts were undertaken during two sampling periods (wet and dry season). Compared to farmlands and plantation forest, natural forest had the highest overall avian species richness and relative species richness of all except one forest-dependent foraging guild (granivores) and nonforest species, which occurred frequently only on farmlands. Plantation forest had the lowest relative richness of all avian habitat and foraging guilds. Conversely, specialist forest-dependent species mainly occurred in the structurally complex remnant natural forest. Our study underscores the importance of remnant natural forests for the persistence and conservation of forest biodiversity and risks posed by replacing them with plantation forests and farmlands.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

VITT, LAURIE J., and PETER A. ZANI. "Ecological relationships among sympatric lizards in a transitional forest in the northern Amazon of Brazil." Journal of Tropical Ecology 14, no. 1 (January 1998): 63–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467498000066.

Full text

Abstract:

Sympatric lizards in a transitional forest of Roraima, Brazil, dividing Amazon rain forest from savanna, contained a lizard assemblage of 16 species representing six families. Lizards varied in size, activity (diurnal versus nocturnal), microhabitats used, exposure to various conditions of light availability, prey types, and prey sizes. Overlaps in microhabitat occurrence varied from 0 (no overlap) to 1.0 (total overlap) whereas overlaps in prey types varied from 0.005 to 0.607. Microhabitat overlaps were higher overall than dietary overlaps. Pseudocommunity analyses on microhabitat data indicate that the community is not randomly assembled and that two distinct guilds exist, a leaf-litter guild and an arboreal guild, each with four species. Similar analyses on diet data revealed no apparent guild structure ast the first rank (nearest neighbour). Lizard diets did not differ from a random assortment based on prey type. At lower levels, the assemblage was structured with respect to food. Variation in prey use among lizard species was tied more closely to the effect of lizard body size on prey size (lizards ate different-sized prey items). Although exploitative competition among species may maintain structure within this assemblage it does not necessarily cause the observed differences. Several species are nearly identical ecologically to sister taxa in other environments and within different lizard assemblages suggesting that composition of the local assemblage limits the species that can enter the assemblage. Finally, lack of structure at the lowest (most similar) neighbour ranks may reflect the impact of a transitional habitat on stability of species interactions at the local level.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Cheng, Bo, Jennifer Adams, Jianhui Chen, Aifeng Zhou, Qing Zhang, and Anson W. Mackay. "Neoglacial trends in diatom dynamics from a small alpine lake in the Qinling mountains of central China." Climate of the Past 16, no. 2 (March 17, 2020): 543–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-543-2020.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. During the latter stages of the Holocene, and prior to anthropogenic global warming, the Earth underwent a period of cooling called the neoglacial. The neoglacial is associated with declining summer insolation and changes to Earth's surface albedo. Although impacts varied globally, in China the neoglacial was generally associated with a cooler climate and an attenuated Asian summer monsoon. Few studies in central China, however, have explored the impact of neoglacial cooling on freshwater diversity, especially in alpine regions. Here we take a palaeolimnological approach to characterise multi-decadal variability in diatom community composition, ecological guilds, and compositional turnover over the past 3500 years from the alpine Yuhuang Chi lake on Mount Taibai in the Qinling mountains. Diatoms in the high-profile guild dominate much of the record from 3500 to 615 cal BP, which suggests that few nutrients in the lake were limiting overall, and disturbance and herbivory were likely low. After 615 cal BP, low-profile and planktic guild diatoms increase, suggesting greater turbulence in the lake, alongside a decline in available nutrients. Diatom turnover highlights periods in the lake history when deterministic processes structured diatom communities. For example, an abrupt decline in turnover is coincident with the shift from high- to low-profile diatoms at 615 cal BP, and this is likely due to the onset of the Little Ice Age in the region. We suggest that Yuhuang Chi lake became more shallow during peak regional aridity, which led to the short-lived community restructuring observed in the record.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

_, Suripto, B. A, H. S. Surakhman, Setiawan _, and J. Al Muthiya. "THE BIRD SPECIES IN YOGYAKARTA CITY: DIVERSITY, GUILD TYPE COMPOSITION AND NEST." KnE Life Sciences 2, no. 1 (September 20, 2015): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v2i1.141.

Full text

Abstract:

Ornitholog past studies focused on the natural environment, now they have a lot of studying birds in urban areas. In Java inhabited by 368 species of birds recorded settler and nomad 126 species of birds , but it is not known how many types of them which now lives in urban areas. Bird diversity in the city of Yogyakarta, which was founded in 1755 and now has a population of 388 627 inhabitants, is unknown. The research objective was to determine the diversity, the proportion of community based on the type of bird feed (guild) and bird species nest in the city of Yogyakarta. The study was conducted during the day in April-May 2013 in the 7 villages of 3 subdistricts in the city center Kraton, Gondomanan and Ngampilan. Data colection used Point of Abundance Index method, and analyzed by the Shannon Diversity Index - Wienner ; types of feed directly observed and are determined based on a review of literature and the proportion of bird communities based on guild were analyzed with the use of modified importance value index ; nest observed directly and analyzed descriptively. The results showed in Yogyakarta were found 28 species of birds covered in 11 familia with moderate levels of diversity (diversity index 2.2) and 5 types including protected status that is Anthresep malacensis, Nectarinia jugularis and Arachnothera longirostra (Fam.Nectariniidae), Alcedo atthis and Halcyon cyanoventris (Fam. Alcedinidae). Composition based on the guild type is graminivorous (46.58 %), nectarivorous (46.51 %), nectrivoous (5.53 %), frugivorous (1.08 %), and 0.29 % piscivorous, and was found at least nine species of birds that nest in the city of Yogyakarta. Therefore, birds in the city of Yogyakarta is quite diverse and populated several protected species, it is necessary to research on biological properties, especially the origins, patterns of reproduction and structural adaptation and behavior. Keywords : City of Yogyakarta, birds, diversity index, type of feed, nest

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Manokaran, Seerangan, Syed Ajmal Khan, Somasundaran Lyla, Sanjeevi Raja, and Kapuli Gani Mohamed Thameemul Ansari. "Feeding guild composition of shelf macrobenthic polychaetes of southeast coast of India." Tropical Zoology 26, no. 3 (September 2013): 120–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03946975.2013.825425.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

YONEDA, Tsuyoshi, Sen NISHIMURA, Shinji FUJII, and Erizal MUKHTAR. "Tree guild composition of a hill dipterocarp forest in West Sumatra, Indonesia." Tropics 18, no. 3 (2009): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3759/tropics.18.143.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

BOTH, CAMILA, SONIA ZANINI CECHIN, ADRIANO S. MELO, and SANDRA M. HARTZ. "What controls tadpole richness and guild composition in ponds in subtropical grasslands?" Austral Ecology 36, no. 5 (September 28, 2010): 530–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2010.02183.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Power, Anne Marie, Karen McCrann, David McGrath, Ruth M. O’ Riordan, Christina Simkanin, and Alan A. Myers. "Physiological tolerance predicts species composition at different scales in a barnacle guild." Marine Biology 158, no. 10 (May 21, 2011): 2149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-011-1720-9.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Amzah, Badrulhadza, Razali Baki, and Mohd Hafizi Yahya. "AVIAN SPECIES COMPOSITION PROFILE AND FEEDING GUILDS UNDER THE AEROBIC RICE FIELD." Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 21, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.12163-71.

Full text

Abstract:

In Malaysia, the aerobic rice production system is an alternative approach to growing rice in a water-scarce environment. Like irrigated rice, aerobic rice also can sustain a diversity of avian fauna. The current status of birds in the rice fields of Malaysia especially under aerobic rice condition has not been widely researched. Therefore, this study aims to document the richness, diversity and feeding guilds of bird species in aerobic rice cultivation area. Birds were sampled and recorded using four randomly set up mist net at an upscaling aerobic rice plot in Serdang, Selangor during a period of the one month starting from the milky stage of the plant (75 days after emergence) until two weeks after harvest. 139 birds representing 11 species belonging to 7 families were recorded in the aerobic rice plot. The most abundant bird family observed was Estrildidae (80.58%), followed by Hirundinidae (6.47%), and Meropidae and Motacillidae (both recorded 5.04%). Scaly-breasted munia (50.36%) and white-headed munia (28.06%) are the most abundant birds, while other types of munia such as chestnut munia and white-rumped munia are present in small numbers. Munias were the most observed bird species number (36.36%) and therefore can be considered as the main avian pest of aerobic rice. The diversity indices, The Shannon-Wiener Index was 1.43 while The Reciprocal Simpson Index was 2.93. The richness index (The Margalef Index) was 2.03. The Equitability Index was 0.59. In term of feeding guild, most species belong to insectivore (45.45%) and granivore (36.36%) while the rest were piscivore/insectivore and granivore/insectivore. However, the granivore recorded the highest number of individuals (112 or 80.58%) compared to other guilds. Presence of a relatively high diversity of bird species with varieties of feeding guilds indicated that aerobic rice does provide an attractive habitat or foraging site for avian fauna.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Amzah, Badrulhadza, Razali Baki, and Mohd Hafizi Yahya. "AVIAN SPECIES COMPOSITION PROFILE AND FEEDING GUILDS UNDER THE AEROBIC RICE FIELD." JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA 21, no. 1 (February 23, 2021): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jhptt.12163-71.

Full text

Abstract:

Avian species composition profile and feeding guilds under the aerobic rice field. In Malaysia, the aerobic rice productionsystem is an alternative approach to growing rice in a water-scarce environment. Like irrigated rice, aerobic rice also cansustain a diversity of avian fauna. The current status of birds in the rice fields of Malaysia especially under aerobic ricecondition has not been widely researched. Therefore, this study aims to document the richness, diversity and feeding guildsof bird species in aerobic rice cultivation area. Birds were sampled and recorded using four randomly set up mist net at anupscaling aerobic rice plot in Serdang, Selangor during a period of the one month starting from the milky stage of the plant (75days after emergence) until two weeks after harvest. 139 birds representing 11 species belonging to 7 families were recordedin the aerobic rice plot. The most abundant bird family observed was Estrildidae (80.58%), followed by Hirundinidae (6.47%),and Meropidae and Motacillidae (both recorded 5.04%). Scaly-breasted munia (50.36%) and white-headed munia (28.06%) arethe most abundant birds, while other types of munia such as chestnut munia and white-rumped munia are present in smallnumbers. Munias were the most observed bird species number (36.36%) and therefore can be considered as the main avianpest of aerobic rice. The diversity indices, The Shannon-Wiener Index was 1.43 while The Reciprocal Simpson Index was 2.93.The richness index (The Margalef Index) was 2.03. The Equitability Index was 0.59. In term of feeding guild, most speciesbelong to insectivore (45.45%) and granivore (36.36%) while the rest were piscivore/insectivore and granivore/insectivore.However, the granivore recorded the highest number of individuals (112 or 80.58%) compared to other guilds. Presence of arelatively high diversity of bird species with varieties of feeding guilds indicated that aerobic rice does provide an attractivehabitat or foraging site for avian fauna.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Kartikasari, Diyah, Satyawan Pudyatmoko, Novianto Bambang Wawandono, and Pri Utami. "KOMPOSISI GUILD KOMUNITAS BURUNG DI AREA PANAS BUMI CAGAR ALAM DAN TAMAN WISATA ALAMKAMOJANG JAWA BARAT INDONESIA." Jurnal Hutan Tropis 6, no. 2 (September 30, 2018): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jht.v6i2.5400.

Full text

Abstract:

This study aims to investigate the response of Bird Communities Guild Composition in Geothermal Area Kamojang Nature Reserve and Kamojang Nature Park West Java Indonesia. We compared the number of species, the number of individuals and the composition of bird guilds of directly affected (DL) and not affected (TL) in Kamojang geothermal working area, Kamojang nature reserve and Kamojang nature park in Bandung regency of West Java Province. The directly affected sites were surrounding production wells or geothermal power plants (30 samples) whereas indirectly affected sites were with distance of 3,000 m to 9,000 m from those facilities (42 samples). The data collection was carried out during two seasons; dry and rainy season in (2015-2016). We collected bird community data with the point count method which was placed systematically on each site. We found 124 bird species in CA / TWA Kamojang and 90 species (1560 individuals) of birds at the sample point. The number of species and the number of individual in TL locations is greater than the DL (DL locations = 65 species, 525 individuals; TL sites = 72 species, 1035 individuals). There is a difference of responses between bird communities in the DL and TL sites which is indicated by differences in the mean number of species and number of individuals in each point count.The mean number of species and the number of individual birds per point count in the TL location is greater than DL.The CA / TWA area of Kamojang has seven bird guilds: insectivores, frugivores, granivores, nectarivores, carnivores, piscivores and omnivores. The results of the significance test on the number of species and the number of individuals per guild showed no significant differences between the DL and TL sites, but the birds in DL were commonly found (generalists) and birds found in TL sites were mostly specialist. This proves that the TL location has better environmental conditions or relatively undisturbed.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji komposisi guild komunitas burung di Area Panas Bumi Cagar Alam dan Taman Wisata Alam Kamojang. Penulis membandingkan jumlah jenis, jumlah individu dan komposisi guild burung pada lokasi yang terdampak langsung (DL) dan tidak terdampak langsung (TL) di Wilayah Kerja Panas Bumi Kamojang, Cagar Alam Kamojang dan Taman Wisata Alam Kamojang, Kabupaten Bandung, Provinsi Jawa Barat. Lokasi yang terkena dampak langsung berada di sekitar sumur produksi atau pembangkit listrik tenaga panas bumi (30 sampel) sedangkan lokasi yang tidak terdampak langsung adalah dengan jarak 3.000 m sampai 9.000 m dari fasilitas tersebut (42 sampel). Pengumpulan data dilakukan selama dua musim; musim kemarau dan penghujan (2015-2016). Kami mengumpulkan data komunitas burung dengan metode point count yang ditempatkan secara sistematis di setiap lokasi. Kami menemukan 124 jenis burung di CA/TWA Kamojang dan 90 jenis (1560 individu) burung pada titik contoh. Jumlah jenis dan jumlah individu burung di lokasi TL lebih besar dibanding lokasi DL. (lokasi DL (65 jenis; 525 individu) dan lokasi TL (72 jenis; 1035 individu). Terdapat perbedaan respon antara komunitas burung di lokasi DL dan TL yang ditunjukkan dengan perbedaan rata-rata jumlah jenis dan jumlah individu tiap titik contoh. Rata-rata jumlah jenis dan jumlah individu burung tiap titik contoh pada lokasi TL lebih besar dibandingkan lokasi DL. Kawasan CA/TWA Kamojang mempunyai dari 7 macam guild burung yaitu : insektivora, frugivora, granivora, nektarivora, karnivora, piscivora dan omnivora.Hasil uji signifikansi terhadap jumlah jenis dan jumlah individu setiap guild menunjukkan tidak adanya perbedaan nyata antara lokasi DL dan TL, namun pada lokasi DL burung-burung yang ditemukan merupakan burung yang umum ditemukan (generalis) dan burung yang ditemukan di lokasi TL sebagian besar merupakan burung spesialis. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa lokasi TL memiliki kondisi lingkungan yang lebih baik atau relatif tidak terganggu.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Campos, Dafne Marcelle de Almeida Ramos, Adna Ferreira da Silva, Natalice dos Santos Sales, Ronnie Enderson Mariano Carvalho Cunha Oliveira, and Andre Luiz Machado Pessanha. "Trophic relationships among fish assemblages in a mudflat within Brazilian marine protected area." Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 63, no. 2 (June 2015): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-87592015091306302.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The present study on the temporal variations in diet and the trophic guilds of dominant fish species in a tidal mudflat, during the dry and rainy seasons. We aimed at classifying the diet composition of 17 species in the Mamanguape river estuary, northeastern Brazil, identifying the dominant food components and evaluating the effects of seasonality on the guild organization. Diet varied little between species and seasons; during the rainy season, the diets seemed to be more heterogeneous. According to the importance of prey in the diets, 5 primary feeding guilds were identified: (1) Detritivore, (2) Zooplanktivore, (3) Zoobenthivore-epifaune, (4) Zoobenthivore-infaune, and (5) Piscivore. Most fishes fed on a diverse range of food items but relied heavily on the zooplankton preys. Several fish species showed a tendency for a specialised diet, with almost all species showing some degree of opportunistic feeding. A high degree of diet overlap was found among some species; however, the presence of exploitative competition could not be determined.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Campos, Dafne Marcelle de Almeida Ramos, Adna Ferreira da Silva, Natalice dos Santos Sales, Ronnie Enderson Mariano Carvalho Cunha Oliveira, and Andre Luiz Machado Pessanha. "Trophic relationships among fish assemblages on a mudflat within a Brazilian Marine protected area." Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 63, no. 4 (December 2015): 429–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-87592015091306304.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The present study deals with the temporal variations in diet and the trophic guilds of dominant fish species on a tidal mudflat during the dry and rainy seasons. We sought to classify the diet composition of 17 species in the Mamanguape river estuary, northeastern Brazil, identifying the dominant food components and evaluating the effects of seasonality on the guild organization. Diets varied little between species and seasons, though they seemed to be more heterogeneous during the rainy season. Five primary feeding guilds were identified, in accordance with the importance of prey in the diets: (1) Detritivore, (2) Zooplanktivore, (3) Zoobenthivore-epifaune, (4) Zoobenthivore-infaune, and (5) Piscivore. Most fishes fed on a diverse range of food items but relied heavily on zooplankton prey. Several fish species showed a tendency to a specialised diet, with almost all species showing some degree of opportunistic feeding. A high degree of diet overlap was found among some species; however, the presence of exploitative competition could not be determined.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Downing, Keith, and Peter Zvirinsky. "The Simulated Evolution of Biochemical Guilds: Reconciling Gaia Theory and Natural Selection." Artificial Life 5, no. 4 (October 1999): 291–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/106454699568791.

Full text

Abstract:

Gaia theory, which states that organisms both affect and regulate their environment, poses an interesting problem to Neo-Darwinian evolutionary biologists and provides an exciting set of phenomena for artificial-life investigation. The key challenge is to explain the emergence of biotic communities that are capable, via their implicit coordination, of regulating large-scale biogeochemical factors such as the temperature and chemical composition of the biosphere, but to assume no evolutionary mechanisms beyond contemporary natural selection. Along with providing an introduction to Gaia theory, this article presents simulations of Gaian emergence based on an artificial-life model involving genetic algorithms and guilds of simple metabolizing agents. In these simulations, resource competition leads to guild diversity; the ensemble of guilds then manifests life-sustaining nutrient recycling and exerts distributed control over environmental nutrient ratios. These results illustrate that standard individual-based natural selection is sufficient to explain Gaian self-organization, and they help clarify the relationships between two key metrics of Gaian activity: recycling and regulation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Stuntz, Sabine, Christian Ziegler, Ulrich Simon, and Gerhard Zotz. "Diversity and structure of the arthropod fauna within three canopy epiphyte species in central Panama." Journal of Tropical Ecology 18, no. 2 (March 2002): 161–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467402002110.

Full text

Abstract:

The arthropod fauna inhabiting 90 individuals of three different species of epiphyte was investigated in the moist lowland forest of the Barro Colorado National Monument in Panama. In total, 3694 arthropods belonging to 89 morphospecies and 19 orders were collected. While arthropod abundance was primarily a function of host plant biomass irrespective of epiphyte species, there were pronounced differences in species richness, species composition and guild structure of the arthropod faunas of the three epiphyte species. Although all study plants were growing in close proximity on the same host tree species, there was remarkably little overlap in the species assemblages across epiphyte taxa. The inhabitant species also differed dramatically in their ecological functions, as feeding guild and hunting guild analyses indicated. The influence of plant size, structure and impounded leaf litter on arthropod diversity is discussed. We conclude that epiphytes are microhabitats for a diverse and numerous fauna, and that different species of epiphytes foster both taxonomically and ecologically very distinct arthropod assemblages.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

MOURÃO, KEILA R. M., VALDIMERE FERREIRA, and FLÁVIA LUCENA-FRÉDOU. "Composition of functional ecological guilds of the fish fauna of the internal sector of the Amazon Estuary, Pará, Brazil." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 86, no. 4 (December 2014): 1783–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201420130503.

Full text

Abstract:

The present study describes the spatial and temporal structure of the estuarine fish community in the internal sector of the Amazon Estuary. Samples were obtained in the main channels and tidal creeks of Guajará and Marajó Bays and Guamá River. A total of 41,516 fish specimens were collected, representing 136 taxa, 38 families and 12 orders. In the dry season, the mean salinity of the main channel increased along a limnic-marine gradient, between the Guamá River and the Marajó Bay. Species richness was lowest in the mouth of the Guamá River and in the right margin of the Guajará Bay. Fish species composition and environmental guilds differed markedly among areas: Migrants and Freshwater Stragglers were dominant in the Guamá River and the Guajará Bay, while Estuarine, Marine Stragglers and Migrants predominated in the Marajó Bay. However, the trophic guilds were still relatively well balanced, in functional terms. Piscivores and Zoobenthivores were the dominant feeding functional groups in all the studied areas. In this study, the assessment of the community and the use of the guild approach were efficient to describe the structure and functioning of the assemblages of estuarine fish also helping to assess the anthropogenic pressures in the area.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Williams, S. E. "Patterns of Mammalian Species Richness in the Australian Tropical Rainforests: Are Extinctions during Historical Contractions of the Rainforest the Primary Determinants of Current Regional Patterns in Biodiversity?" Wildlife Research 24, no. 5 (1997): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr96040.

Full text

Abstract:

Distribution data on the mammals of the wet tropics have been used to analyse biogeographic patterns in assemblage composition and to correlate patterns of species richness with environmental factors such as climate and vegetation. Multivariate analyses suggest five different geographically separated assemblages of rainforest mammals. The most species-rich is found in the central uplands (Atherton Tableland) with a decrease in species richness to the north and south and with decreasing altitude. The most species-rich areas are characterised by large areas of rainforest with a rounder shape (low shape index), high annual rainfall, consistent rainfall in the dry season and a diversity of rainfall regimes within the area. Multiple-regression analysis suggests that the combination of rainforest area and shape explain the most variance (r2 = 0·74) in the patterns of species richness of rainforest mammals. Various measures of habitat diversity are also highly dependent on area, and a similar degree of the variance in species richness (r2 = 0·78) can be explained by using rainforest shape and habitat-diversity variables (rainfall and vegetation diversity) and excluding area. This suggests that the effect of area on the patterns of species richness is primarily due to its positive influence on habitat-heterogeneity factors in the regression. Analysis of the guild structure (number of guilds and the species richness within each guild) indicates that it is the number of species within guilds that most strongly affects patterns of species richness in rainforest, although the number of guilds also has an effect. Most of the variance in species richness can be attributed to three (primarily arboreal) guilds that have previously been shown to be the most extinction- prone species in the wet tropics. These patterns suggest the hypothesis that current patterns of mammalian species richness in wet tropics rainforest are primarily the result of localised extinctions in those areas most affected by Pleistocene contractions of the rainforest. The relative impacts of these contractions on each rainforest block are indexed by current area and shape.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Ferreira, Valdimere, François Le Loc’h, Frédéric Ménard, Thierry Frédou, and Flávia L. Frédou. "Composition of the fish fauna in a tropical estuary: the ecological guild approach." Scientia Marina 83, no. 2 (June 18, 2019): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04855.25a.

Full text

Abstract:

Ecological guilds have been widely applied for understanding the structure and functioning of aquatic ecosystems. This study describes the composition and the spatio-temporal changes in the structure of the fish fauna and the movements between the estuary and the coast of a tropical estuary, the Itapissuma/Itamaracá Complex (IIC) in northeastern Brazil. Fish specimens were collected during the dry and rainy seasons in 2013 and 2014. A total of 141 species of 34 families were recorded. Almost half of the species (66 species, 47%) were exclusive to the estuary and 50 species (35%) to the coast; 25 (18%) were common to both environments. Marine species were dominant in both richness and biomass as they explore the environment during part of their life cycle, whereas estuarine species were dominant in abundance. Marine stragglers displayed a higher richness, abundance and biomass in the coastal waters. The estuarine environment was dominated by zoobenthivores in terms of richness, while detritivores prevailed in abundance and biomass. Zoobenthivores had the highest richness and abundance in coastal waters, while piscivores had the highest biomass. The IIC supports a rich fauna with a diverse trophic structure and is an important feeding and development area for migratory species.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Koufos, George D., and George E. Konidaris. "Late Miocene carnivores of the Greco-Iranian Province: Composition, guild structure and palaeoecology." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 305, no. 1-4 (May 2011): 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.03.003.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Halaj, Juraj, Charles B. Halpern, and Hoonbok Yi. "Effects of green-tree retention on abundance and guild composition of corticolous arthropods." Forest Ecology and Management 258, no. 5 (August 2009): 850–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.03.020.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Gottschalk, Steffi, and Maria Kahlert. "Shifts in taxonomical and guild composition of littoral diatom assemblages along environmental gradients." Hydrobiologia 694, no. 1 (May 9, 2012): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-012-1128-7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Martignoni, Maria M., Miranda M. Hart, Rebecca C. Tyson, and Jimmy Garnier. "Diversity within mutualist guilds promotes coexistence and reduces the risk of invasion from an alien mutualist." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1923 (March 25, 2020): 20192312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2312.

Full text

Abstract:

Biodiversity is an important component of healthy ecosystems, and thus understanding the mechanisms behind species coexistence is critical in ecology and conservation biology. In particular, few studies have focused on the dynamics resulting from the co-occurrence of mutualistic and competitive interactions within a group of species. Here we build a mathematical model to study the dynamics of a guild of competitors who are also engaged in mutualistic interactions with a common partner. We show that coexistence as well as competitive exclusion can occur depending on the competition strength and on strength of the mutualistic interactions, and we formulate concrete criteria for predicting invasion success of an alien mutualist based on propagule pressure, alien traits (such as its resource exchange ability) and composition of the recipient community. We find that intra guild diversity promotes the coexistence of species that would otherwise competitively exclude each other, and makes a guild less vulnerable to invasion. Our results can serve as a useful framework to predict the consequences of species manipulation in mutualistic communities.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Guild composition'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles