Academic literature on the topic 'Guild composition'
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Journal articles on the topic "Guild composition"
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Setyaningrum, Nuning, Sugiharto Sugiharto, and Priyo Susatyo. "Komposisi dan status guild komunitas ikan di Waduk Sempor Jawa Tengah." Depik 9, no. 3 (September 21, 2020): 411–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.13170/depik.9.3.15094.
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Abstract.The functional community is described depends on the function of species in utilization food (guild). The utilization of food is a process of energy transfers in the food chain and it is represented in the pyramid of numbers. The objective of this research was to analyze the structure community of fish and the guild compositions in Sempor Reservoir. This research applied a survey with purposive random sampling technique with four station in Sempor Reservoir. Sampling at each site was taken 4 replication with interval 1 monts. The composition and status of the guild is carried out by mesuring the guild based on the position of the mouth, tooth type, gill filter type, and ratio of body length and intestine. Guilds are composed of compositions depicted by a number pyramid based on the number of species per station. The results of this reserach captured 439 individuals consists of 14 species and belong to 6 families that dominated by Cyprinidae. The number and species of fish caught were the most at the Bangkong river inlet (142 individuals) and the lowest at the center of the reservoir (60 individuals). Comparison of the composition of fish guilds at the four stations in the Sempor Reservoir shows that the number of omnivorous and carnivorous fish is obtained more than herbivorous fish. The composition of the guild at Kalianget river inlet (72.9%) and Central reservoir (42.7%) was dominated by carnivorous fish, while at Pengantalan river inlet (52.9%) and Bangkong (58.9%) were dominated by omnivorous fish. The composition of herbivorous fish is at least at all stations so that in general the composition of fish guilds in the Sempor reservoir has not been balanced.Keywords: species composition, guild, pyramid of number,Sempor reservoir Abstrak. Komunitas secara fungsional menggambarkan fungsi spesies yang ditentukan dengan pemanfaatan sumber makanan (guild). Pemanfaatan makanan dalam rantai makanan merupakan proses transfer energi dan digambarkan dengan piramida jumlah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengkaji komposisi dan tingkat status guild komunitas ikan yang tertangkap di perairan waduk Sempor. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei dan teknik purposive random sampling pada 4 stasiun di Waduk Sempor. Sampling dilakukan sebanyak 4 kali tiap bulan. Komposisi dan status guild dengan mengukur guild berdasarkan posisi mulut, tipe gigi, tipe tapis insang, dan rasio panjang tubuh dan usus. Komposisi guild digambarkan dengan piramida jumlah berdasarkan jumlah spesies per stasiun. Hasil penelitian diperoleh 439 individu terdiri dari 8 Familia dan 14 Spesies yang di dominasi familia Cyprinidae. Jumlah dan jenis individu ikan yang tertangkap paling banyak pada inlet sungai Bangkong (142 individu) dan terendah pada bagian tengah waduk (60 individu). Perbandingan komposisi guild ikan pada empat stasiun di waduk Sempor menunjukkan bahwa jumlah ikan omnivora dan karnivora lebih banyak diperoleh daripada ikan herbivora. Komposisi guild pada inlet sungai Kalianget (72,9%) dan Tengah waduk (42,7%) di dominasi oleh ikan karnivora, sedangkan pada inlet sungai Pengantalan (52,9%) dan Bangkong (58,9%) di dominasi ikan omnivora. Komposisi ikan herbivora paling sedikit pada semua stasiun sehingga secara umum komposisi guild ikan di waduk Sempor belum seimbang.Kata kunci: komposisi jenis, guild, piramida jumlah, waduk Sempor
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GJONI, VOJSAVA, STAMATIS GHINIS, MAURIZIO PINNA, LUCA MAZZOTTA, GABRIELE MARINI, MARIO CIOTTI, ILARIA ROSATI, FABIO VIGNES, SERENA ARIMA, and ALBERTO BASSET. "Patterns of functional diversity of macroinvertebrates across three aquatic ecosystem types, NE Mediterranean." Mediterranean Marine Science 20, no. 4 (December 20, 2019): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.19314.
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This study is focused on investigating the variation patterns of macroinvertebrate guilds functional structure, in relation to the taxonomic one, across aquatic ecosystem types along the salinity gradient from freshwater to marine and the resulting implications on guild organization and energy flows. Synoptic samplings have been carried out using the leaf-pack technique at 30 sites of the aquatic ecosystems of the Corfu Island (Greece), including freshwater, lagoon, and marine sites. Here, we analyzed the macroinvertebrate guilds of river, lagoon, and marine ecosystems, as: i. taxonomic composition and population abundance ii. trophic guilds composition and relative abundance; and iii. body size spectra and size patterns. The following variation patterns across the three ecosystem types were observed: a. trophic guild composition and body size spectra were more conservative than taxonomic composition within and among ecosystem types, where, trophic guild and size spectra composition were more similar between river and lagoon ecosystem types than with marine ones; b. a dominance on resource exploitation of large species over smaller ones was inferred at all sites; and, c. higher body size-specific density of individuals was consistently observed in lagoon than in freshwater and marine ecosystems. Results extend previous findings suggesting a common hierarchical organization of benthic macroinvertebrate guilds in aquatic ecosystems and showing that lagoon ecosystems have higher energy density transferred to benthic macroinvertebrates than both freshwater and marine ecosystem types.
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Prak, Maarten, Clare Haru Crowston, Bert De Munck, Christopher Kissane, Chris Minns, Ruben Schalk, and Patrick Wallis. "Access to the Trade: Monopoly and Mobility in European Craft Guilds in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries." Journal of Social History 54, no. 2 (November 27, 2019): 421–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shz070.
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Abstract One of the standard objections against guilds in the premodern world has been their exclusiveness. Guilds have been portrayed as providing unfair advantages to the children of established masters and locals, over immigrants and other outsiders. Privileged access to certain professions and industries is seen as a source of inequality and a disincentive for technological progress. In this paper, we examine this assumption by studying the composition of guild masters and apprentices from a large sample of European towns and cities from 1600 to 1800, focusing on the share who were children of masters or locals. These data offer an indirect measurement of the strength of guild barriers and, by implication, of their monopolies. We find very wide variation between guilds in practice, but most guild masters and apprentices were immigrants or unrelated locals: openness was much more common than closure, especially in larger centers. Our understanding of guild “monopolies” and exclusivity is in need of serious revision.
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Han, Qingxi, Xiamin Jiang, and Xiaobo Wang. "The polychaete feeding guild composition in the Sishili Bay, the northern Yellow Sea, China." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 96, no. 5 (November 26, 2015): 1083–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315415001873.
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In this research, the feeding guild composition of the polychaete community was described and analysed in the northern Yellow Sea, China. The polychaete feeding guilds also showed a distinct seasonal abundance fluctuation that was similar to that observed for macrofauna. Burrowers were the most predominant feeding guild, whereas filter feeders and herbivores only constituted a negligible proportion of the total abundance. A Spearman rank correlation was performed to analyse the relationships between the feeding guilds and the environmental parameters. Surface deposit feeders and carnivores appeared to be vulnerable to variations of environmental conditions. However, burrowers and filter feeders were not susceptible to the natural or anthropogenic disturbances, with grain size determined to be the only conclusive factor. These results revealed that the feeding guild of polychaetes showed significant spatial and temporal changes, and spatial heterogeneity was a stronger predictor than temporal variation. The feeding guilds of polychaetes can be applied alone to discern the environmental change, which would be faster and more cost-effective with best equilibrium between the precision of the results and a decrease in taxonomic effort. Furthermore, bimonthly sampling was proved to be unessential and reduction of the sampling frequency was necessary to save expense and effort.
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Lestari, Windiariani, Dini Auliya Zayyana, Nuning Setyaningrum, and Titis Amelia. "The Guild Composition for Modelling Fish Community in Banjaran River, Purwokerto." Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education 10, no. 3 (December 18, 2018): 698–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i3.15602.
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Over exploitation of consumed fishes causes declining of targeted fish populations that will lead to a cascade effect to the guild compositions. The change of carnivorous, omnivorous and herbivorous fish populations drives to the food chain destructions and unstable ecosystems. The objective of this study was to build fish community modelling based on guild compositions. This study was conducted on fish communities in the Banjaran River. The data collected were species richness, the abundance of fish and the guild composition among carnivore, herbivore, and omnivore. Survey and purposive random sampling technique were applied and Banjaran River was divided into five sites based on the physical characteristics of the environment and fishing activities. Species richness data were analyzed by ANOVA, the composition of the carnivorous, omnivorous and herbivorous fish was analyzed descriptively based on the guild pyramides. About 115 individuals consist of 17 species belong to 5 families were found. The species richness in the five sites in was relatively similar (P > 0.05 (P = 0.269)). The fish community in site 3 had the balanced composition which was composed by 3% carnivores, 21.2% omnivores and 75.8% of herbivores. This fish community modelling could be an an alternative way to manage fish community. By controlling the carnivorous fish population, the natural resource especially fish as food resource will sustain and the species loss will be prevent.
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Dolbeth, Marina, Heliana Teixeira, João Carlos Marques, and Miguel Ângelo Pardal. "Feeding guild composition of a macrobenthic subtidal community along a depth gradient." Scientia Marina 73, no. 2 (March 16, 2009): 225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2009.73n2225.
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Pauw, Anton. "A Bird's-Eye View of Pollination: Biotic Interactions as Drivers of Adaptation and Community Change." Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 50, no. 1 (November 2, 2019): 477–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110218-024845.
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Nectarivorous birds and bird-pollinated plants are linked by a network of interactions. Here I ask how these interactions influence evolution and community composition. I find near complete evidence for the effect of birds on plant evolution. Experiments show the process in action—birds select among floral phenotypes in a population—and comparative studies find the resulting pattern—bird-pollinated species have long-tubed, red flowers with large nectar volumes. Speciation is accomplished in one “magical” step when adaptation for bird pollination brings about divergent morphology and reproductive isolation. In contrast, evidence that plants drive bird evolution is fragmentary. Studies of selection on population-level variation are lacking, but the resulting pattern is clear—nectarivorous birds have evolved a remarkable number of times and often have long bills and brush-tipped or tubular tongues. At the level of the ecological guild, birds select among plant species via an effect on seed set and thus determine plant community composition. Plants simultaneously influence the relative fitness of bird species and thus determine the composition of the bird guild. Interaction partners may give one guild member a constant fitness advantage, resulting in competitive exclusion and community change, or may act as limiting resources that depress the fitness of frequent species, thus stabilizing community composition and allowing the coexistence of diversity within bird and plant guilds.
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Chatterjee, Abhishek, Sudeshna Ghoshal, Soumyajit Chowdhury, and Pinakiranjan Chakrabarti. "Report of the early winter migrants and resident birds in an inland wetland near Tundi Camp, Bajana, Gujarat." Journal of Threatened Taxa 10, no. 5 (April 26, 2018): 11652. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2459.10.5.11652-11658.
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The study is based on the avian community observed in the region. In total, 1,079 individuals, 62 genera and 79 species of birds belonging to 35 families have been recorded. Among them, the family Anatidae with 20.42% incidence is the most frequent; immediately followed by the family Phoenicopteridae (10.59% of occurrence). Little Cormorant Phalacrocorax niger is the most abundant avian species observed. The community consists of 44% resident; 36% resident-migrant and 20% migrant bird species. It was observed that the concerned community shows a considerable diversity and a correspondingly low value of dominance. In the feeding guild analysis, the insectivore guild has the most number of recorded avian species. The feeding guild affiliations also point out that the overall community is fairly rich in its composition as it houses bird species belonging to various feeding guilds.
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Salgado Mejia, Fernando, Ricardo López Wilchis, Luis Manuel Guevara Chumacero, Pedro Luis Valverde Padilla, Pablo Corcuera Martínez del Rio, Sergio Leonardo Porto Ramírez, Ixchel Rojas Mertínez, and Gihovani Ademir Samano Barbosa. "Characterization of assemblages in neotropical cave dwelling bats based on their diet, wing morphology, and flight performance." Therya 12, no. 3 (September 19, 2021): 435–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.12933/therya-21-1075.
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Bats have a great variety of wing morphologies that determines the bat’s flight performance, and this in turn conditions the forage aerosphere and the food it can obtain. Several studies have shown differences in wing morphology, flight performance, and forage aerospheres among species from different trophic guilds. However, for species that share a guild this is not entirely clear. It is possible that these species have differences in their diet and show changes in wing morphology that modify their flight performance and forage areas. Determining this will allow a better understanding of spatial segregation among species that share a trophic guild. These studies allow the identification of species assemblages based on wing morphological differences and flight performance that would not be distinguished only by guild membership. Our goal was to define the species assemblages that make up a community of Neotropical cave dwelling bats based on their trophic guild, flight performance, and forage zone. A community of Neotropical cave dwelling bats from a cave in Veracruz, Mexico was analyzed. The diet of each species was determined by means of their stomach contents and bibliographic review. In addition, aspect ratio, wing loading and tip index were calculated. Based on the wing characteristics and diet, multivariate groupings and orders were performed, as well as to define the assemblages present. According to the wing characteristics and the dietary composition, four groups of species were found that represent four different flight characteristics in terms of agility and maneuverability. There was agreement between diet and wing characteristics, and the four trophic groups were identified through canonical correspondence analysis. Correlating wing morphology, diet and forage area allows us to adequately define the assemblages of a community of bats. Regarding the hypothesis, it was found that species that share a food guild show differences in the composition of their food and wing morphology, which generate differences in flight performance and forage areas. Four assemblages differing in forage aerospheres among three trophic guilds are described: understory and facultative artrhopodivorous, semi-clearing hematophages, and facultative nectarivores. Finally, spatial segregation between the species of the families Mormoopidae and Natalidae was recognized.
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Chatterjee, Abhishek, Sudeshna Ghoshal, and Pinakiranjan Chakrabarti. "A Synoptic Report on the Early Winter Migrants and Resident Birds in the Coastal Wetland of the Marine National Park, Positra, Gujarat." International Letters of Natural Sciences 49 (November 2015): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.49.35.
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The study is based on the avian community observed in the region. In total, 524 individuals, 27 genera and 35 species of birds belonging to 21 families have been recorded. Among them, the family Charadriidae with 15.08% incidence is the most frequent; immediately followed by the family Scolopacidae (11.26% of occurence). The highest observed species richness has been observed in case of the family Ardeidae. Little Ringed Plover (Charadriusdubius) is the most abundant avian species observed. The community consists of 40% Resident; 40% Resident-migrant and 20% Migrant bird species. It was observed that the concerned community shows a considerable diversity and a corresponding low value of dominance. In the feeding guild analysis, the Insectivore and the Aquatic invertebrate-feeder guilds have the most number of recorded avian species. The feeding guild affiliations also points out that the overall community is fairly rich in its composition as it houses bird species belonging to various feeding guilds.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Guild composition"
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Kautz, Andrea R. "Local Management and Landscape Effects on the Predator Guild in Vegetable Crops, with a Focus on Long-legged Flies (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437474798.
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Affeld, Kathrin. "Spatial complexity and microclimatic responses of epiphyte communities and their invertebrate fauna in the canopy of northern rata (Metrosideros robusta A. Cunn.: Myrtaceae) on the West Coast of the South Island, New Zealand." Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/771.
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Rain forest canopies are renowned for their very high biodiversity and the critical role they play in key ecological processes and their influence on global climate. Despite that New Zealand supports one of the most diverse and extensive epiphyte flora of any temperate forest system, few studies have investigated epiphyte communities and their invertebrate fauna along with factors that influence their distribution and composition. This thesis represents the first comprehensive study of entire epiphyte communities and their resident invertebrate fauna in the canopy of New Zealand’s indigenous forests. The aim of this study was to determine spatial patterns of epiphyte and invertebrate species richness, abundance and community composition in relation to abiotic variables, and in particular, the responses of these communities to elevated temperature and rainfall. This study was carried out in coastal lowland podocarp-broadleaved forests at two sites on the West Coast of the South Island of New Zealand. Samples from 120 mat-forming epiphyte assemblages located on inner canopy branches of 40 northern rata (Metrosideros robusta) trees were studied to characterise the component flora and fauna. Additionally, biomass, branch and tree characteristics and community responses to treatments designed to elevate temperature and rainfall to simulate predicted climate change were measured. This investigation revealed astonishing diversity and functional complexity of epiphyte and invertebrate life in this ecosystem. The 30.6 kg (dry weight) of epiphyte material collected contained a total of 567 species, 170 epiphyte and 397 invertebrate (excluding immature specimens and mites) species, including at least 10 species new to science and many undescribed species Epiphyte communities were found to be dominated by non-vascular plants (80 % of the total species richness), particularly liverworts and invertebrate communities were dominated with respect to abundance (~ 80 % of the total individuals) by Acari, Collembola and Hymenoptera (primarily ants) and functionally by scavengers and ants. Epiphyte and invertebrate communities were highly variable with respect to spatial patterning of species richness, abundance and composition across sites, among trees within sites and among branches within trees. Overall, a highly significant proportion, > 75 %, of the variance could be attributed to differences at the branch level, but these differences could not be explained by the environmental factors measured. There were no consistent relationships between the spatial pattern of epiphytes and invertebrates, or between vascular and non-vascular plants. However, there were significant positive correlations between epiphyte biomass and invertebrate species richness (r = 0.472; p < 0.0001) and abundance (r = -0.395; p < 0.0001), as well as non-living epiphyte biomass and scavenger species richness (r = 0.4; p < 0.0001). Microclimatic measurements taken on epiphyte mats were also highly variable with respect to temperature and relative humidity at similar physical locations within the same tree as well as across trees within sites. There was also considerable variation in the intensity and frequency of climatic extremes, although potentially harmful climatic conditions were experienced by all the epiphyte mats for which weather variables were measured. Negative correlations existed between both epiphyte and invertebrate community composition and increased temperatures expressed as cumulative degree days above 5˚C. However, variability was such that there was no direct evidence that increased temperature and rainfall treatments had an effect on invertebrate species richness, abundance or diversity. Northern rata host trees harbour an astonishingly diverse and complex canopy flora and fauna that is characterised by high spatial variability. Such variability highlights that to determine species distribution and community dynamics in canopy habitats in response to disturbance caused either by climate change or invasive species the structure of entire communities at different taxonomic and spatial scales, along with their responses to microclimatic factors, need to be studied. If such complexities are not taken into account, inappropriate interpretation may result in poor decisions concerning the conservation status, vulnerability and subsequent management of such unique ecosystems.
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Crespin, Fabienne. "Contribution à l'étude des saponosides de l'Opilia Celtidifolia Guill. Per." Aix-Marseille 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX30005.
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A partir des feuilles et des ecorces de tiges, d'une plante medicinale africaine l'opilia celtidifolia guill. Perr. , 6 saponosides sont isoles et identifies par des methodes chimiques et spectroscopiques. Tous sont decrits pour la premiere fois dans cette plante. Une structure est originale: hederagenine 28-o--d glucopyranoside 3-o (-o--l-rhamnopyranosyl (1--3) o--d glucuronopyranoside). Une methode d'hydrolyse alcaline est mise au point. Elle permet d'identifier les sucres liberes. Une methode de dosage par clhp des saponosides dans les feuilles est etablie. Afin d'ameliorer le seuil de detection des saponosides, un nouveau type de detecteur est teste: le detecteur a diffusion de lumiere. Cette etude chimique est completee par des tests biologiques. L'activite antimutagene de 3 saponosides contre le bap et des urines de fumeurs est examinee
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Aksamit, Dawn N. "Exotic Invasive Plants on Private Woodlands of Virginia: Effects on forest composition, structure, and wildlife habitat." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30975.
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Exotic invasive plants have become a significant issue in the Southeastern United States for private landowners. These plants possess characteristics that allow for rapid growth and easy adaptation to many growing conditions, often outcompeting native vegetation and altering wildlife habitat, especially in disturbed areas. Disturbance, including access roads, trails, harvest sites, powerline corridors, and fence rows, is common on private land. Private landowners are often left to combat these problems without many monetary or expertise resources that are available to federal lands. Three field sites, each in a different physiographic province in Virginia, were surveyed for exotic invasive populations and sampled with nested overstory, understory, and regeneration plots and wildlife point intercept transects using paired plots during the summers of 2006 and 2007. Species richness of the overstory and understory did differ, but native percent understory cover and sapling density remained unchanged. Tree density and forest basal area were reduced with presence of exotic invasive plants. Regeneration diversity and density decreased in areas of exotic plant invasion. Eastern cottontail habitat suitability increased with the presence of exotic invasive plants. Suitability of habitat for the gray squirrel, downy woodpecker food, black-capped chickadee reproduction, and eastern wild turkey cover declined with the occurrence of exotic invasive plants. Twenty three of thirty seven total invasive plots were within twenty feet of a disturbance area. Continual assessment of impacts will help provide a better understanding of the nature of exotic invasive plants to landowners and may help them to manage and prevent plant invasions.Master of Science
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Kamboyi, Chipango. "COMPARING THE COMPOSITION OF SAPROXYLIC BEETLE FAUNA ON OLD HOLLOW OAKS BETWEEN TWO TIME PERIODS." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Biologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-162441.
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Oak habitats are rich in saproxylic species, but the habitat is declining with loss of diversity due to encroachment which decrease the vitality of oaks. The present explorative study compared results from a study conducted in 1994, with present species communities to observe if there has been change in species composition and what factors that can explain species diversity and composition. The results revealed that the overall species composition between 1994 and 2018 has changed. There were 130 species recorded in 2018 compared to 108 species in 1994 (31 new species were recorded in 2018, and 9 species lost from the study in 1994). There was a high species turnover recorded per individual tree, and the species composition between the living and encountered dead trees did not differ. Species composition was affected by canopy cover, and trunk circumference (CCA P-value 0.001 and 0.014 respectively). Unlike 1994, there were no variables in 2018 that could explain the association with species numbers. Warmer conditions recorded during the sampling period have probably led to increased flight activity of beetles and therefore increasing chances of capturing more species and individuals. The warmer conditions possibly shadowed the effects of the explanatory variables in explaining the changes in species numbers. Perhaps the change in species composition could also be attributed to existing management interventions that may be supporting an increasing species number of saproxylic beetles, however no strong conclusions could be drawn. Management interventions such as the recruitment of new oaks should be encouraged and intensified in order to provide habitats and support stable populations as the loss of oaks may lead to increased risk of extinction of the saproxylic beetles in the study area.
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WEISS, Matthias. "Key factors affecting composition and diversity of saproxylic beetle assemblages." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-364705.
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The thesis concerns the community structure of saproxylic insects with a heavy focus on beetles. It presents a review on change of insect assemblages along small-to-large scale gradients and the importance of saproxylic organisms in forest ecosystems. The fine-scale vertical stratification of saproxylic beetles assemblages and their differences between forests habitats of different latitude and altitude are investigated. Further, the importance of open-grown trees for saproxylic diversity is assessed.
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Patenaude, Andrea M. "Diversity, composition and seasonality of wild bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) in a northern mixed-grass prairie preserve." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/2821.
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The objective of this study was to characterize the wild bee fauna of a managed mixed-grass prairie in southwestern Manitoba. Weekly sampling using two methods, sweep-netting and bee bowls, was conducted over two years (2005-2006) at three sites within the Yellow Quill Mixed-grass Prairie Preserve. Spatial and seasonal patterns in diversity indices, taxonomic composition and ecological composition of the bee fauna were identified and investigated in relation to sampling method, environmental conditions, and floral resource availability. A total of 7014 individual bees representing five families and 100 species were collected. Numerically, social nesters from the genera Lasioglossum and Bombus dominated, while mining species of Andrena represented the greatest species richness. Observed spatial and seasonal patterns in the abundance, diversity and composition of the bee community were strongly modified by sampling method, resource limitation in the second year and the presence of the exotic invasive plant leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula).October 2007
Books on the topic "Guild composition"
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Xin tuo fu xie zuo chao ji jiao cheng: A updated guild to TOEFL iBT writing. Tianjin Shi: Tianjin da xue chu ban she, 2009.
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book, Michael Probst. Composition Notebook: Guild Guitars Fan Music Notebook Journal/Notebook Blank Lined Ruled 6x9 100 Pages. Independently Published, 2020.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Guild composition"
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Thiollay, Jean-Marc, Mathilde Jullien, Marc Théry, and Christian Erard. "The Avian Community: An Overview of Species Composition and Guild Structure." In Nouragues, 129–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9821-7_12.
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"Chapter Five. Membership Composition." In Collegia Centonariorum: The Guilds of Textile Dealers in the Roman West, 161–212. BRILL, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004177741.i-428.34.
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Wilson, Steve, Helen Rutherford, Tony Storey, and Natalie Wortley. "10. The jury." In English Legal System. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198808152.003.0010.
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The jury consists of twelve, randomly-selected members of the public, who decide guilt or innocence in the most serious criminal trials in the Crown Court. This ensures that the general public are represented in the criminal justice system. This chapter explains the rules on eligibility for, and disqualification or excusal from, jury service. It considers issues such as the power of the jury to acquit in defiance of the evidence (‘jury equity’); the confidentiality of jury deliberations and the implications of that for appeals; the ethnic composition of a jury; whether juries should be excluded from certain trials such as those involving serious fraud or where there is evidence of jury ‘tampering’; whether the accused should be able to ‘waive’ their right to jury trial; and the impact of social media on jury trials. It concludes by examining the relative advantages and disadvantages of jury trials.
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Wilson, Steve, Helen Rutherford, Tony Storey, Natalie Wortley, and Birju Kotecha. "10. The jury." In English Legal System, 362–416. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198853800.003.0010.
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The jury consists of twelve randomly selected members of the public, who decide guilt or innocence in the most serious criminal trials in the Crown Court. This ensures that the general public are represented in the criminal justice system. This chapter explains the rules on eligibility for, and disqualification or excusal from, jury service. It considers issues such as the power of the jury to acquit in defiance of the evidence (‘jury equity’); the confidentiality of jury deliberations and the implications of that for appeals; the ethnic composition of a jury; the rights of both prosecution and defence to challenge jurors; jury vetting; whether juries should be excluded from certain trials, such as those involving serious fraud or where there is evidence of jury ‘tampering’; whether the accused should be able to ‘waive’ their right to jury trial; and the impact of social media on jury trials. It concludes by examining the relative advantages and disadvantages of jury trials.
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Bishop, Daniel. "Badlands and the Music of Temporal Immanence." In The Presence of the Past, 157–96. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190932688.003.0006.
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As an eccentric outlaw crime film, Terrence Malick’s Badlands employs expressive sensory immersion, eccentric humor, and a concern for the relationship between history and human experience. The past, in Badlands, is a complex ontological ground for the characters’ (and audiences’) senses of being in the world, a temporalized film world akin to a field of pure immanence within the uncanny strangeness of material reality. A film set in the fifties, but far more concerned with transhistorical philosophical questions, Badlands uses the musical soundtrack to explore these existential concerns. Within this musically heterogeneous film, the two most important sources of compiled non-diegetic classical music (the pedagogical music of Carl Orff and Gunild Keetman and the early compositions of Erik Satie) function as active philosophical agents, cultivating embodied states of play and melancholy that strive, albeit ambiguously and inconclusively, to create meaning from the raw immediacy of experience.
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Babbitt, Milton. "1991." In The Life of Learning. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195083392.003.0012.
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I am grateful and flattered to have had my talk . . . included under the ongoing rubric of “A Life of Learning,” but in all accuracy and necessary realism I must be permitted the protective sub-rubric of “A Composer of a Certain Age,” for how might a composer justify his presence before learned representatives of learned bodies, when the very term learned has appeared and disappeared in the history of music only in the most apologetic and fugitive of roles, in such expressions as learned writing or—more specifically— learned, counterpoint, usually with the intimation of the anachronistic, the factitious, and—even—the jejune? There does appear to have been a fleeting moment or so in eighteenth-century France when the term learned was invoked to characterize a “taste” distinguished from the “general.” Apparently, compositions were deemed to be “learned” if it was thought that their understanding demanded some musical knowledge. But this elitist distinction did not, could not, survive the guillotine, and never was to be reheaded, certainly not with the subsequent and continuing triumph of what Goodman has called the Tingle—Immersion theory, which—when applied to music—demands that music be anyone’s anodyne, a non-habit-forming nepenthe. I could dig even deeper historically and dare to remind you that, in the medieval curriculum, music was a member of the quadrivium, but that curriculum, like so many demanding curricula after it, has long since been banished. And, in any case consider the company that music kept in the quadrivium: arithmetic, geometry, and astronomy. If that curriculum had survived, music would be burdened further with guilt by association, because—for reasons apparently more sociological than methodological—there is no characterization that guarantees music more immediate, automatic, and ultimate derogation and dismissal than mathematical, thereby joining learned and, above all, academic. But it is as academics that we join here. ... I trust it does not come as a surprise, or as an unpleasant embarrassment, or as further evidence of the Greshamization of the university, to learn that there are composers in your very midst on your faculties.
Conference papers on the topic "Guild composition"
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Opazo, L. Felipe, Pablo A. Marquet, Pablo A. Marquet, Fabio A. Labra, Fabio A. Labra, Roger W. Portell, Roger W. Portell, Michal Kowalewski, and Michal Kowalewski. "CHANGES IN GUILD COMPOSITION AND ENERGETIC DEMANDS THROUGHOUT THE PLIOCENE-PLEISTOCENE EXTINCTION EVENT." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-306597.
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Bozhchenko, Alexandr, Yuliya Khrustaleva, and Yuri Panchuk. "To the question of the formal and material elements of crimes provided for in articles of the Criminal code of the Russian Federation related to the spread of infection." In Issues of determining the severity of harm caused to human health as a result of the impact of a biological factor. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/conferencearticle_5fdcb03a48fd08.58287135.
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The article deals with objective and optional features of crimes with material and formal composition, with an emphasis on crimes that are more or less associated with the spread of infection. Attention is drawn to the fact that crimes with a formal composition do not require the establishment of a causal relationship. Various points of view on “danger” are considered as one of the fundamental criteria used in the qualification of crimes. The author emphasizes the ambiguity of the content of this concept, as well as the concepts of “threat”, “significance”, “mass character”, etc. It is concluded that there are gaps, ambiguities, and contradictions in the legislation and normative legal acts on terminology and conceptual apparatus in relation to the above-mentioned concepts of danger, threat, and its magnitude (significance, mass character). Legislative amendments adopted in connection with the pandemic of coronavirus infection, which led to the emergence of a formal crime under part 1 of article 236 of the criminal code of the Russian Federation, are considered. Attention is drawn to the careless form of guilt under this article, in contrast to other articles, the use of which is also not excluded in the case of infection (article 125 and article 237 of the criminal code), but provide for the intentional nature of the crime.
Reports on the topic "Guild composition"
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Leis, Sherry. Vegetation community monitoring at Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial: 2011–2019. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284711.
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Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial celebrates the lives of the Lincoln family including the final resting place of Abraham’s mother, Nancy Hanks Lincoln. Lincoln’s childhood in Indiana was a formative time in the life our 16th president. When the Lincoln family arrived in Indiana, the property was covered in the oak-hickory forest type. They cleared land to create their homestead and farm. Later, designers of the memorial felt that it was important to restore woodlands to the site. The woodlands would help visitors visualize the challenges the Lincoln family faced in establishing and maintaining their homestead. Some stands of woodland may have remained, but significant restoration efforts included extensive tree planting. The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network began monitoring the woodland in 2011 with repeat visits every four years. These monitoring efforts provide a window into the composition and structure of the wood-lands. We measure both overstory trees and the ground flora within four permanently located plots. At these permanent plots, we record each species, foliar cover estimates of ground flora, diameter at breast height of midstory and overstory trees, and tree regeneration frequency (tree seedlings and saplings). The forest species composition was relatively consistent over the three monitoring events. Climatic conditions measured by the Palmer Drought Severity Index indicated mild to wet conditions over the monitoring record. Canopy closure continued to indicate a forest structure with a closed canopy. Large trees (>45 cm DBH) comprised the greatest amount of tree basal area. Sugar maple was observed to have the greatest basal area and density of the 23 tree species observed. The oaks characteristic of the early woodlands were present, but less dominant. Although one hickory species was present, it was in very low abundance. Of the 17 tree species recorded in the regeneration layer, three species were most abundant through time: sugar maple (Acer saccharum), red bud (Cercis canadensis), and ash (Fraxinus sp.). Ash recruitment seemed to increase over prior years and maple saplings transitioned to larger size classes. Ground flora diversity was similar through time, but alpha and gamma diversity were slightly greater in 2019. Percent cover by plant guild varied through time with native woody plants and forbs having the greatest abundance. Nonnative plants were also an important part of the ground flora composition. Common periwinkle (Vinca minor) and Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) continued to be the most abundant nonnative species, but these two species were less abundant in 2019 than 2011. Unvegetated ground cover was high (mean = 95%) and increased by 17% since 2011. Bare ground increased from less than 1% in 2011 to 9% in 2019, but other ground cover elements were similar to prior years. In 2019, we quantified observer error by double sampling two plots within three of the monitoring sites. We found total pseudoturnover to be about 29% (i.e., 29% of the species records differed between observers due to observer error). This 29% pseudoturnover rate was almost 50% greater than our goal of 20% pseudoturnover. The majority of the error was attributed to observers overlooking species. Plot frame relocation error likely contributed as well but we were unable to separate it from overlooking error with our design.