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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Guiana – History'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Sillery, Jane L. "Salvaging democracy? : The United States and Britain in British Guiana 1961-1964." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338912.

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2

Aickin, David Rowan. "From plantation medicine to public health : the state and medicine in British Guiana 1838-1914." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252042.

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3

Lewis, Amanda G. Ms. "Remaking of Race and Labor in British Guiana and Louisiana: 1830-1880." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/history_theses/49.

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During the nineteenth century, the Gulf of Mexico fostered the movement of people, ideas, and news throughout the surrounding regions. Although each colony and state surrounding the basin had distinct cultures and traditions, they shared the legacy of slavery and emancipation. This study examines the transformation of labor that occurred for sugar planters in British Guiana and southern Louisiana during the age of emancipation. In this comparative project, I argue that in the 1830s planters from the British West Indies set the trajectory for solutions to the labor problem by curtailing the freedom of former slaves with Asian contract labor. Those in the sugar parishes of southern Louisiana followed this same framework in the 1860s yet it led to different outcomes. The nature of the circum-Caribbean provided opportunities for planters throughout the Gulf to observe the Asian indentured system and use a form of it in their distinct societies.
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4

Silva, Carlos Alberto Borges da. "A Revolta do Rupununi : uma etnografia possivel." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279849.

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Orientador: Jose Luiz dos Santos
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: A Revolta do Rupununi, acontecida em 1969, no sul da Guiana, foi um movimento armado preparado por fazendeiros com objetivo de criar um novo país na região. Apoiada pela Venezuela, que através do auxilio militar dado aos fazendeiros, anteviu a possibilidade de recuperar a Zona en Reclamación, a Revolta contou com a participação de alguns índios, principalmente aqueles tidos como parentes de H. P. C. Melville, o primeiro estrangeiro a criar gado no Rupununi. Depois de dois dias de iniciado o movimento, alguns fazendeiros, acompanhados por um grupo de índios, retiraram-se para a Venezuela na condição de exilados, outros fugiram para o Brasil ou foram capturados pela Guyana Defense Force, chamada por Forbes Burnhan, presidente da Guiana, para sufocar o movimento armado. A preparação, a organização, o desfecho e o fracasso do movimento explicam relações políticas e sociais densas entre a Venezuela e a Guiana, fazendeiros e índios, bem como revelam disputas étnicas conseqüentes da colonização britânica no país
Abstract: The Revolt of Rupununi, happened in 1969, in the south of Guyana, it was an armed movement prepared by farmers with the objective of creating a new country in the area. Leaning to Venezuela, the military help the farmers that saw the opportunity to recover the zona en reclamación, the Revolt counted with the participation of some Indians, mainly those had as relatives of H. P. C. Melville, the first stranger to grow up cattle in Rupununi. Two days after the movement, some farmers, accompanied by a group of Indians, left for Venezuela as political exiles', others fled to Brazil or were captured by the Guyana Defense Forces, which were ordered by Forbes Burnhan, president of Guyana, to quell the armed movement. The preparation, the organization, the ending and the failure of the movement revealed the profound relationship regarding the political and social sphere between Venezuela and Guyana, also between the farmers and the Indians, as well reveals the consequent ethnic disputes to the British colonization period
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5

Costa, Paulo Marcelo Cambraia da. "Em verdes labirintos: a construção social da fronteira franco-portuguesa (1760-1803)." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/21168.

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At the end of XVIII century on the frontier between the capitania of Grão-Pará and Guiana Francesa, the disputes between governments the Grão-Pará and Guiana Francesa for the maintenance and enlargement of their domains were intense, the territory located between Oiapoque and Araguari was the scene of those disputes. Although the portugueses authorities had other concerns with the region, because the runaway slaves and the mocambos formation closer the headwaters of Araguari river were considered uncontrollable by the portugueses governments. In those final seven hundred years the Portuguese colonial authorities were, mainly, worry with the news about the abolition of slavery in French colonies (1794) that could contaminate and motivate the escape of slaves from Grão- Pará. This survey deals essentially with the several aspects of frontier, the escape of slaves and mocambos training in the border region at Cabo Norte land among the years from 1760 to 1803
Nas décadas finais do século XVIII, na fronteira entre a capitania do Grão-Pará e a Guiana Francesa, as disputas entre os governos do Grão-Pará e da Guiana Francesa pela manutenção e alargamentos de seus domínios foram intensas. O território localizado entre os rios Oiapoque e Araguari foi o cenário daquelas disputas. Entretanto, as autoridades portuguesas tinham outras preocupações com a região, pois as fugas de escravizados e a formação de mocambos para junto das cabeceiras do rio Araguari eram consideradas incontroláveis pelos governantes portugueses. Naqueles anos finais dos setecentos, as autoridades coloniais portuguesas se preocupavam principalmente se as notícias da abolição da escravidão nas colônias francesas (1794) pudessem contagiar e motivar a fuga dos escravos do Grão-Pará. Este estudo trata essencialmente sobre as várias faces da fronteira, as fugas de escravizados e a formação de mocambos na região fronteiriça das terras do Cabo Norte, nos anos de 1760 a 1803
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6

Garfield, Robert. "A history of São Tomé island, 1470-1655 : the key to Guinea /." San Francisco (Calif.) : Mellen research university press, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35723817b.

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7

Bergström, Anders. "Genomic insights into the human population history of Australia and New Guinea." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273775.

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The ancient continent of Sahul, encompassing Australia, New Guinea and Tasmania, contains some of the earliest archaeological evidence for humans outside of Africa, dating back to at least 50 thousand years ago (kya). New Guinea was also one of the sites were humans developed agriculture in the last 10 thousand years. Despite the importance of this part of the world to the history of humanity outside Africa, little is known about the population history of the people living here. In this thesis I present population-genetic studies using whole-genome sequencing and genotype array datasets from more than 500 indigenous individuals from Australia and New Guinea, as well as initial work on large-scale sequencing of other, worldwide, human populations in the Human Genome Diversity Project panel. Other than recent admixture after European colonization of Australia, and Southeast Asian ad- mixture in the lowlands of New Guinea in the last few millennia, the populations of Sahul appear to have been genetically independent from the rest of the world since their divergence ∼50 kya. There is no evidence for South Asian gene flow to Australia, as previously suggested, and the highlands of Papua New Guinea (PNG) have remained unaffected by non-New Guinean gene flow until the present day. Despite Sahul being a single connected landmass until ∼8 kya, different groups across Australia are nearly equally related to Papuans, and vice versa, and the two appear to have separated genetically already ∼30 kya. In PNG, all highlanders strikingly appear to form a clade relative to lowlanders, and population structure seems to have been reshaped, with major population size increases, on the same timescale as the spread of agriculture. However, present- day genetic differentiation between groups is much stronger in PNG than in other parts of the world that have also transitioned to agriculture, demonstrating that such a lifestyle change does not necessarily lead to genetic homogenization. The results presented here provide detailed insights into the population history of Sahul, and sug- gests that its history can serve as an independent source of evidence for understanding human evolutionary trajectories, including the relationships between genetics, lifestyle, languages and culture.
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Mortsiefer, Bernd. "The history of the Evangelical Church of Manus : a developmental approach /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1998. http://www.tren.com.

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9

Wang, Lanjiao. "Résistance aux insecticides : importance dans la transmission du virus chikungunya par les moustiques Aedes aegypti Cost of insecticide resistance for mosquito life-history traits and vector capacity Chikungunya virus dissemination in associated with deltamethrin resistance in Aedes aegypti laboratory lines Multiple-resistance and cross-resistance in deltamethrin-selected Aedes-Aegypti Insofemale-line Successes and failures of sixty years of vector control in French Guiana : what is the next step ?" Thesis, Guyane, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018YANE0007.

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Le moustique Aedes aegypti est le vecteur principal du Chikungunya, en l'absence de vaccins efficaces et de traitements disponibles, la lutte anti-vectorielle reste la stratégie principale de prévention et de défense pour le contrôle de la maladie. Néanmoins le problème de la résistance aux insecticides est en train de s'aggraver, notamment à cause de l’augmentation de la fréquence des luttes chimiques contre les intenses épidémies d’arbovirus, frappant partout dans le monde. Nous voulons comprendre l’importance de la résistance à l’insecticide dans le contexte de la transmission du virus Chikungunya par les moustiques Aedes aegypti.A partir de la population de moustiques de l’Ile Royale considérée comme la population la moins résistante en Guyane, 4 lignées de moustiques IR03, IR05, IR13 et IR 36 présentant différents profils de résistance à l’insecticide deltaméthrine ont été isolées, des tests biologiques et moléculaires ont été réalisés pour caractériser les mécanismes de résistance au niveau de leur phénotype et de leur génotype. Les résultats montrent que IR03 n'a qu'une résistance métabolique, que IR05 possède à la fois les résistances kdr et métabolique, et que IR13/36 est doté d’une faible résistance métabolique.Plus de 600 femelles ont été infectées oralement par le virus Chikungunya en utilisant un système de gorgement artificiel. Pour chaque individu, 3 séries d’échantillons (l’intestin moyen, la tête et la salive) sont récoltés indépendamment pour y quantifier le virus, afin de définir sa compétence vectorielle par trois paramètres : le taux d’infection, le taux de dissémination et le taux de transmission. Les résultats montrent qu’il existe des différences significatives dans la compétence vectorielle, plus spécifiquement dans le taux de dissémination de l'intestin moyen à tout le corps du moustique au fil du temps, qui est plus bas dans la lignée la plus résistante.Ensuite, pour étudier les interactions entre les mécanismes résistants et la barrière de l’intestin moyen, les niveaux d’expression de certains gènes (CYP 6BB2, CYP 6N12, GST2, Trypsine) qui sont associés directement ou indirectement à la résistance à la deltaméthrine ont été mesurés sur des intestins moyens datant de 7 jours après le repas sanguin infectieux, que la tête soit positive ou négative. En complétant ces niveaux d’expression avec l’information du génotype kdr, les résultats montrent que la surexpression des enzymes de détoxification et l’existence des mutations kdr pourraient avoir un effet significatif sur la dissémination du virus dans le corps des moustiques.Enfin, concernant le coût de la résistance qui est un des facteurs important pour évaluer la capacité vectorielle des moustiques résistants, les lignées isofemelles se manifestent plus clairement en termes de reproduction de la population (temps de ponte, fécondité et fertilité) que de développement des stades immatures y compris avec le temps de développement larvaire, les larves et les nymphes mortes, et le sex ratio.En conclusion, toutes les données obtenues fournissent une meilleure compréhension sur l'existence des interactions entre la résistance aux insecticides et la capacité vectorielle chez les moustiques. Même si plus de manipulations concernant des validations fonctionnelles ou des recherches plus approfondies peuvent être déclenchées sur la base de ces travaux, nous avons déjà plus d’informations pour aider à adapter ou améliorer la réponse de la lutte anti-vectorielle, afin d’établir le meilleur compromis entre l’efficacité de la lutte et l’augmentation de la résistance
The mosquito Aedes aegypti is well known as the main vector of Chikungunya, in absence of effective vaccinations and available treatments, mosquito control strategy remains the principal prevention and defense measures for disease control. Nevertheless, the problem of resistance to insecticides is worsening especially because of more and more frequent chemical fights against intense arbovirus outbreaks in the world. We are interested in understanding the effects of resistance in the context of transmission of the disease, and struggle to establish the reasonable compromise between the effectiveness of the vector control strategy and the increase in resistance.From the mosquito population of Ile Royale which was considered as the least resistant population in French Guiana, 4 mosquito lines IR03, IR05, IR13 and IR36 with different resistance profiles to the deltamethrin insecticide have been isolated successfully, biologic and molecular tests were carried out to characterize the resistance mechanisms between them in regarding with their phenotypes and genotypes. The results indicated that IR03 presented only a metabolic resistance, that IR05 harboured both kdr and metabolic resistance, and that IR13/36 showed a moderate metabolic resistance.More than 600 females were orally infected with Chikungunya virus using an artificial engorged system. For each individual, 3 sets of samples (midgut, head and saliva) are collected independently to quantify the presence of virus, in order to define its vector competence by three parameters: the infection rate, the dissemination rate and the transmission rate. The results show that there were significant differences in vector competence, more specifically between the dissemination rate from the midgut to the head over time, which is lower in the more resistant line.Then, expression level of certain genes (CYP 6BB2, CYP 6N12, GST2, Trypsin) which were associated with deltamethrin resistance were measured on the midgut at 7 days after infectious blood meal. Combined with the information of the kdr genotype, we propose that different mechanisms of resistance can influence not only the barrier of the midgut, but also affect the entire spread pathway of the virus to develop in the mosquito body from the midgut to the saliva.Finally, regarding the cost of resistance, the isofemale lines manifested more clearly in terms of population reproduction than immature development including larval development time, larval and nymphal mortality, and the sex ratio post-emergence.Overall, although this research requires more functional validations or supporting experimentations, the data obtained could provide a better understanding of the interactions between insecticide resistance and vector capacity in mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and supply some useful information to improve the current vector control
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10

Pereira, Ivete Machado de Miranda. "La Gabrielle, cravo e canela: as “plantas preciosas” e a invasão portuguesa da Guiana Francesa (1796-1817)." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2013. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/4364.

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Este estudo pretende analisar a invasão da Guiana Francesa em janeiro de 1809 por tropas portuguesas provenientes do Grão-Pará, com auxílio naval inglês. Para compreender essa invasão levaram-se em conta as transformações políticas e culturais na virada do século XVIII para o século XIX na Europa, que envolveram as duas metrópoles, Portugal e França. No âmbito das transformações culturais, percebe-se nesse período a valorização da Natureza e de sua utilização pragmática. A agricultura e a botânica se tornaram forças econômicas, e a aclimatação de espécies vegetais rentáveis, como as especiarias, passou a ser almejada pelos governos. A Guiana Francesa foi escolhida pelo governo francês para as experiências de aclimatação que se revelariam exitosas, acendendo o interesse português. Por sua vez, no âmbito político, a transferência da Corte portuguesa para o Rio de Janeiro, decorrente da invasão do território português pelas tropas napoleônicas, tornou possível algo que estava nos planos portugueses desde o início da década de 1790. A declaração de guerra feita à França pelo Príncipe Regente após sua chegada à América em 1808 foi seguida pelo planejamento da invasão da Guiana, que se concretizaria no início de 1809. Neste estudo, a compreensão da invasão está ligada à cultura das Luzes e à vinda da Corte portuguesa para a América.
This study aims to analyze the invasion of French Guiana in January 1809 by Portuguese troops from the Grand Para with the help of the English Navy. To understand this invasion it took into account the political and cultural transformations at the turn of the eighteenth to the nineteenth century in Europe involving the two big countries, Portugal and France. In the context of cultural change, it is perceived in that period an appreciation of nature and its pragmatic use. The agriculture and botany became economic forces and the acclimation of plant species became profitable such as spice, and became desired by governments. The French Guiana was chosen by the French government to the experiences of acclimatization that would prove successful, sparking the Portuguese interest. Meanwhile, in the political sphere, the transfer of the Portuguese Court to Rio de Janeiro, due to the invasion of Portuguese territory by Napoleonic troops, made possible something that was in the Portuguese plans since the early 1790s. The declaration of war by the Prince Regent to France after his arrival in America in 1808 was followed by planning the invasion of Guyana that would materialize in early 1809. In this study the understanding of invasion is linked to the culture of the Enlightenment and the coming of the Portuguese Court to America.
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11

Hurley, Matthew M. "Sanctuary Lost: The Air War for "Portuguese" Guinea, 1963-1974." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1255473566.

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12

Muke, John D. "The Wahgi Opo Kumbo : an account of warfare in the Central Highlands of New Guinea." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272970.

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13

Hair, P. E. H. "Hawkins in Guinea: 1567-1568." Universität Leipzig, 2000. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32909.

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John Hawkins' three voyages to Guinea were anomalous in respect of the first eight decades of English commercial voyaging to Guinea (1550s-1630s), in that they were slaving voyages and hence proceeded to America. His third voyage of 1567-1569 was the most ambitious and, partly because it ended in disaster, the best recorded. This edition analyses the Guinea section of the voyage by drawing on English, Portuguese and Spanish sources. Two notable features are an attack on a Portuguese shipping base in River Cacheu, an episode concealed in the account published at the time, and the mercenary assistance lent to one side in an African civil war in Sierra Leone. The evidence for each Guinea episode, much of it previously unpublished, is presented with a commentary.
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Ballard, Chris. "The death of a great land ritual, history and subsistence revolution in the southern highlands of Papua New Guinea /." Online version, 1995. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/23726.

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Durr, Samantha J. "A Brief History of United States Foreign Development Assistance to Benin, the Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia and Senegal Since 2000." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1493389407692537.

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16

Hodes, Jeremy Martin, and hodes@tpg com au. "John Douglas 1828-1904: The Uncompromising Liberal." Central Queensland University. Humanities, 2006. http://library-resources.cqu.edu.au./thesis/adt-QCQU/public/adt-QCQU20070228.145456.

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Douglas was born in London in 1828 and migrated to New South Wales in 1851 where he represented both the Darling Downs and Camden districts in the New South Wales parliament before embarking on a lengthy parliamentary career in Queensland, one that culminated in the premiership from 1877 to 1879. He was subsequently appointed government resident for Thursday Island in 1885, a position he held until his death, nearly 20 years later, aged 76, in 1904. During this period he also served as special commissioner for the protectorate of British New Guinea, administering the territory prior to it being formally proclaimed a crown colony. Douglas’s involvement in Queensland public life was significant and encompassed the entire period from the colony’s formation in 1859 to the federation of the Australian colonies in 1901. In this respect, his career allows, through a study of his long, eventful and varied life, for this thesis to examine aspects of the development and progression of Queensland’s political system as a nascent yet robust, representative democracy, through most of the second half of the nineteenth century until the colony’s incorporation in the newly formed Commonwealth of Australia. This thesis argues that John Douglas was an uncompromising Liberal in an age of Liberalism, a principled politician in an era of pragmatic factionalism and shifting political allegiances. Perhapsbecause of this he was more popular with his electorate than with his parliamentary colleagues. Douglas’s contribution to Queensland life was in large measure shaped by his character and the formative influences on it. This included his aristocratic upbringing, his public school and university education, his abiding religious faith, a profound sense of fair play, and a desire to participate fully and selflessly in the life of the community he lived in, despite the vicissitudes of his personal life. As this thesis further demonstrates, an examination of Douglas’s life affords us an insight into an energetic, accomplished, erudite, and compassionate man. Yet while his intellectual curiosity, thirst for knowledge and wide-ranging interests marked him as a Renaissance man, he also had many failings, most noticeably that of extreme obstinacy. Therefore, this thesis will analyse Douglas’s convictions and beliefs while examining the strengths and flaws inherent in his character. It is because Douglas lived a life characterised by complexity and contradiction, leavened by a mixture of accomplishment and failure, that his life, and the times he lived in, are worthy of examination.
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Corrie, Elizabeth M. "Social development and social policy in Guinea : health and education 1958-1984." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1988. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13702/.

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Guinea, a former French colony, experienced an abrupt severing of relationships with the colonial power when President Sékou Touré rejected De Gaulle’s offer of becoming part of a French commonwealth of nations and opted for total independence instead. France withdrew all support, trade and personnel within a matter of days, and Sékou Touré attempted to develop this new nation along strongly independent and ideological lines. He made a verbal commitment to social development and evolved an ambitious programme to develop the health and education services. This thesis uses dependency theory as a tool of analysis to ascertain whether independent, autonomous development indeed took place, particularly in the fields of health and education, once the break with the metropolis was made. The period under review, 1958 - 1984, was the period of Sékou Touré’s presidency. The four criteria used to assess the measure of development achieved are: a) The successful rejection of Western models of development. b) Equal development and an equal distribution of resources between the regions. c) No urban/rural imbalance. d) Services available for all rather than limited to an elite. In the light of these criteria, Guinea was indeed able to experience some measure of independent, autonomous development, more particularly in education. The health sector had been less developed as only 2.1% of the national budget was devoted to it in 1981, compared to 17.6% spent on education in 1980. The inequalities in the health service were particularly noticeable in the urban/rural imbalance, Conakry in particular enjoying a larger share of available resources, but this was not the case in education where no such imbalance appeared to exist. The area of Labé emerged as the least developed area of the country but the discrepancies in provision were not too marked. Guinea also achieved much in the promotion of women and the eradication of elites, especially among the different ethnic groups. With the death of President Sékou Touré in 1984, Guinea's experimenting with a revolutionary form of development came to an end. The nation's future, now in the hands of the military, is uncertain.
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Edmundson, Anna Margaret. "For science, salvage & state - official collecting in colonial New Guinea." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/155795.

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The Papuan Official Collection is a unique colonial collection assembled between 1907 and 1938 by government officers of the Australian administration of the Territory of Papua. It represents the first instance in the world where a colonial government made ethnographic collecting a requisite duty of its field officers. This unusual turn of events came at the insistence of Papua's first and longest serving Lieutenant-Governor, J.H.P. Murray, who administered the colony for over three decades. The story of how Murray came to establish an official government collection, and its subsequent formation, interpretation, and display over several decades, provides a case study par excellence for examining the complex relationship between colonialism, collecting and anthropology, which emerged over the course of the twentieth century. This study explores the genesis and history of the Papuan Official Collection, and situates it within the wider rubric of Australian colonialism. It establishes Murray as one of the earliest colonial governors in the world to implement, and publically advocate for, anthropology as a tool for colonial administration. It charts the rise of colonial discourses that linked loss of culture to physical demise in Pacific populations, and documents its influence on Australian colonial policy. Its findings suggest that the protection, preservation and management of Indigenous cultural heritage should not be considered a sideline of Australian colonial policy in Papua, but rather one of its most defining features. Over the course of its lifespan the Papuan Official Collection has been displayed in four different museums providing an opportunity to examine how a fixed body of objects (the collection) moved across time and space, to be re-interpreted into different conceptual frameworks: as curios and antiquities; ethnographic artefacts; scientific specimens; artworks; and, finally, as historic objects. My institutional history of the POC cautions against the assumption that colonial collections were always used as uncontested propaganda, which metropolitan museums were content to display on behalf of the imperial mission. While the Murray administration in Papua was able to provide goods and information to the various museums which housed the Collection, each institution had its own competing agendas and the relationship was not always a smooth one.
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Ciccopiedi, Caterina. "Governare le diocesi: assestamenti riformatori in Italia settentrionale tra linee guida conciliari e pratiche vescovili (secoli XI-XII)." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/86044.

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Wallis, Joanne Elizabeth. "Laying strong foundations : does the level of public participation involved in constitution-making play a role in state-building? Case studies of Timor-Leste and Bougainville." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610442.

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21

Doecke, Philip John. "Discourse on primary school physical education curriculum in Papua New Guinea." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2006. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16265/1/Philip_Doecke_Thesis.pdf.

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The Problem Physical Education in Papua New Guinea (PNG) schools did not appear to be widespread nor progressing effectively. Its place in education appeared uncertain. Therefore the study's key question was, "What is the status of physical education in PNG, and the implications of this status?" The focus was narrowed to the history of the development of physical education curriculum, and considered decisions made by curriculum officers about what ought to be taught. Purposes The study's purposes, in answering the key question, were to: § evaluate the existing physical education curriculum § generate recommendations for physical education programs. The Research Postmodern ethnography was chosen to undertake the evaluation, through the analysis of historical records and personal narratives. As there was little available literature on physical education curriculum development in PNG, the narratives and opinions of a variety of policymakers, policydevelopers, policyimplementers, and clients of this curriculum development were recorded. The curriculum itself was analysed, as well as related articles and official documentation. The collective data were evaluated, to provide an overall view of physical education curriculum development. Methodology Following the search for literature in libraries, data were collected from Curriculum Development Division records. As many curriculum documents (such as syllabi and advisory memos) as possible were collected. Key personnel were identified and personally interviewed by the researcher. For a wider group (school principals) an interview guideline was used, while for the oneonone interviews, an unstructured interview format was adopted, allowing respondents considerable control, as they recounted their histories, experiences, and opinions. Further data were collected from correspondence from teachers' colleges, and the former director of the National Sports Institute. The data were analysed by viewing through seven key concepts central in postmodern literature: knowledge, power, culture, postcolonialism, hegemony, globalism, and apathy. The analysis was constructed upon the historical background information, issues that arose during the research activities and the collection of the raw data and, additionally, upon the researcher's own evaluative feelings. Outcomes During the analysis of the literature, the narratives, the curriculum, and related documents, four recurrent issues emerged: § physical education's low status § problems in understanding the concept of physical education § apathy towards physical education § PNG knowledge versus global knowledge The analysis of the data was therefore undertaken around these issues, as viewed through the key concept's lenses. It was found that there was a lack of usefulness in the existing physical education documents, and that there was a lack of availability of existing physical education documents. Key Education authorities were unfamiliar with physical education curriculum. Its history, both in colonial and postcolonial times, was weak. It continued to receive little attention by curriculum administrators, or schools. The National attitude of apathy towards physical education had been established by the colonial administrators and educators, and reproduced. CDD administration had little time for physical education. Consequently, there was little physical education taught in PNG schools, even though it was in the national curriculum. The only physical activity which had some place in schools was the commercial modified rules sport program, Pikinini Sport. Global activities dominated any thought of local input and activities.
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22

Doecke, Philip John. "Discourse on primary school physical education curriculum in Papua New Guinea." Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16265/.

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The Problem Physical Education in Papua New Guinea (PNG) schools did not appear to be widespread nor progressing effectively. Its place in education appeared uncertain. Therefore the study's key question was, "What is the status of physical education in PNG, and the implications of this status?" The focus was narrowed to the history of the development of physical education curriculum, and considered decisions made by curriculum officers about what ought to be taught. Purposes The study's purposes, in answering the key question, were to: § evaluate the existing physical education curriculum § generate recommendations for physical education programs. The Research Postmodern ethnography was chosen to undertake the evaluation, through the analysis of historical records and personal narratives. As there was little available literature on physical education curriculum development in PNG, the narratives and opinions of a variety of policymakers, policydevelopers, policyimplementers, and clients of this curriculum development were recorded. The curriculum itself was analysed, as well as related articles and official documentation. The collective data were evaluated, to provide an overall view of physical education curriculum development. Methodology Following the search for literature in libraries, data were collected from Curriculum Development Division records. As many curriculum documents (such as syllabi and advisory memos) as possible were collected. Key personnel were identified and personally interviewed by the researcher. For a wider group (school principals) an interview guideline was used, while for the oneonone interviews, an unstructured interview format was adopted, allowing respondents considerable control, as they recounted their histories, experiences, and opinions. Further data were collected from correspondence from teachers' colleges, and the former director of the National Sports Institute. The data were analysed by viewing through seven key concepts central in postmodern literature: knowledge, power, culture, postcolonialism, hegemony, globalism, and apathy. The analysis was constructed upon the historical background information, issues that arose during the research activities and the collection of the raw data and, additionally, upon the researcher's own evaluative feelings. Outcomes During the analysis of the literature, the narratives, the curriculum, and related documents, four recurrent issues emerged: § physical education's low status § problems in understanding the concept of physical education § apathy towards physical education § PNG knowledge versus global knowledge The analysis of the data was therefore undertaken around these issues, as viewed through the key concept's lenses. It was found that there was a lack of usefulness in the existing physical education documents, and that there was a lack of availability of existing physical education documents. Key Education authorities were unfamiliar with physical education curriculum. Its history, both in colonial and postcolonial times, was weak. It continued to receive little attention by curriculum administrators, or schools. The National attitude of apathy towards physical education had been established by the colonial administrators and educators, and reproduced. CDD administration had little time for physical education. Consequently, there was little physical education taught in PNG schools, even though it was in the national curriculum. The only physical activity which had some place in schools was the commercial modified rules sport program, Pikinini Sport. Global activities dominated any thought of local input and activities.
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23

Steley, Dennis. "Unfinished: The Seventh-day Adventist mission in the South Pacific, excluding Papua New Guinea, 1886-1986. (Volumes I and II)." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1990. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9100749.

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The Seventh-day Adventist Church, incorporated in the United States in 1863, was driven by the belief that it was God's 'remnant church' with the work of warning the world of the imminent return of Christ. When that mission was finished the second coming would occur. In 1886 following a visit by an elderly layman, John I Tay, the whole population of Pitcairn Island desired to join the SDA church. As a result in 1890 Adventist mission work began in the South Pacific Islands. By 1895 missions had been founded in six island groups. However difficulties, both within and without the mission's control, ensured that membership gains were painfully slow in the first decades of Adventist mission in Polynesia. However before World War II the Solomons became one of the most successful Adventist mission areas in the world. After 1945 Adventism also prospered in such places as Fiji, Samoa and Tonga. Education provided the key to the gaining of accessions in a number of countries, while in others a health-medical emphasis proved important in attracting converts. Since World War II public evangelism and the use of various programmes such as welfare, radio evangelism, and the efforts of lay members contributed to sharp membership gains in most countries of the region. Of no small consequence in hindering Adventist growth was the opposition of other churches who regarded them as pariahs because of their theology and 'proselytizing'. Adventist communities tended to be introverted, esoteric and isolationist. Nevertheless Pacific islanders adapted aspects of the usually uncompromising Adventist culture. Unity of faith, practice and procedure was a valuable Adventist asset which was promoted by a centralized administration. After a century in the Pacific region its membership there has a reputation among other Adventists for its continued numeric growth and for the ferver its committment to Adventism. Nevertheless Adventism in the region faces a number of problems and its aim of finishing the Lord's work remains unfinished.
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24

Mauffret, Blodwenn. "Le carnaval de Cayenne. Esthétique et subversion. Histoire d'un phénomène festif issu du fait colonial." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030162.

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Ce présent travail aborde le carnaval de Cayenne en tant que phénomène festif issu du fait colonial et interroge les mécanismes d'ajustement qui ont amené esclaves et "gens de couleur libres" à retourner une fête religieuse, au service d’une coercition imposée par l’ordre colonial et esclavagiste, en une pratique subversive. Il s'inscrit dans le champ des études théâtrales et aborde le carnaval à travers sa dramaticité. L'histoire du carnaval, des premiers temps de la colonie jusqu’à à la période contemporaine, montre une mise en place d'esthétiques originales qui autorisent toutes les subversions. La tradition dramatique carnavalesque est fortement marquée par la pratique du Détour pouvant se définir par l'exacerbation du caractère dérisoire de l'être créole. Le grotesque européen se mêle à la dérision militante créole offrant un héritage théâtral pouvant exprimer une digne rage, une humanité perdue, une utopie nouvelle. La danse des bals, populaires autant que ceux de la bourgeoisie noire, quant à elle, est un art de la fuite et convoque le marronnage créateur en construisant un espace-temps différent où l'être renaît dans un sentiment d'enthousiasme. Cet art de la fuite au sein des vidé participe à une immense transe collective où la violence jaillit devenant un moyen de déstabiliser l'ordre en place et d'aborder une nouvelle sociabilité. Le carnaval contemporain tente de résoudre les problématiques de l'histoire et devient l'inverse du Détour. L'être sort de l'ombre pour manifester sa valeur d'exposition manifestant un hédonisme générale. La théâtralité y est brillante et manifeste une hypervisibilité de soi. C'est l'ère de l'exacerbation de la valeur de l'être cayennais
This present work approaches the carnival of Cayenne as a festive phenomenon which has developed from the colonial fact. It examines the mechanisms of this adjustment by which slaves and "free people of color" have converted a religious feast reinforcing colonial order and slavery, and subverted it into a manifestation of pride in identity and expectation of a better future. As such this falls within the field of theatrical studies, i.e. evaluating the carnival as drama. The history of the carnival, from the colony's earliest days until the present, shows how new aesthetics have, year after year, changed its original role. The dramatic traditions of the carnival were strongly marked by the practice of "Détour", best defined as stressing the derisory character of the Creole being. European grotesque was mixed with Creole militant mockery, offering a theatrical inheritance expressing dignified rage, a lost humanity, a new utopia. The dance of balls, as popular as those of the black bourgeoisie, is an art of the flight, and summons creative marronnage by building a different space-time in which the being is reborn in a feeling of liberation and enthusiasm. This art of flight within the "vidé" occurs in an immense collective trance, where violence erupts, destabilizing an old order, encouraging a new. The contemporary carnival tries to solve the problems of history and becomes the opposite of the "Détour". The being comes out of darkness displaying its exhibition value, showing a general hedonism. Its theatricality is brilliant and manifests a hypervisibility. The true value of the Cayennais being is recognised
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25

Flaherty, Teresa Anne. "The history of Sisters of Mercy in Papua New Guinea (1956-2006): within the tradition of women called to Gospel discipleship and Christian mission." Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2013. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/1359b4a98eae1829697603e07aeac35df5f25aa98b31d6e769a4d4412b077af4/48163259/FLAHERTY2013.pdf.

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Scriptural and theological perspectives reveal that women were called to discipleship and mission in the gospels and in the early church as portrayed in the New Testament. While emphasising the essential relationship between the ‘constants’ of church teaching and the immediate historical and cultural settings in their overview of the church in its call to universal mission, Bevans & Schroeder, in Constants in Context, identified the ‘liberating and transformative model’ as one of crucial significance. This early model was eventually re-emphasised through the renewed theology of Vatican II. Despite their authentic roles being subject to misrepresentation or obliteration in canonical and historical writings, women have continued as disciples and agents of mission. The second phase of the thesis outlines the historical antecedents leading to the post-World War II missionary engagement of the Australian Sisters of Mercy in the late colonial stage in what was then the Territory of New Guinea under Australian administration. This soon became the independent nation of Papua New Guinea (1975). A selective portrayal of women as agents of mission shows new ministerial models of women religious originating in post-revolutionary France. The spread of this movement in the nineteenth century is noted in relation to a) the founding traditions of the Sisters of Mercy in Ireland and their expansion and consolidation in Australia and b) the founding of missionary institutes, in particular, the Divine Word missionaries, whose early field of evangelisation was New Guinea. Twentieth century papal initiatives called for religious men and women, whose institutes were not primarily devoted to foreign missions, to be co-workers in mission, particularly in the Pacific. This appeal found a willing response among the Australian Sisters of Mercy who had recently, in response to church directives, reorganised their various congregations into Union and Federation canonical structures. The history of the Sisters of Mercy in Papua New Guinea (1956-2006) proceeds within the foundational context of the first two stages. The Sisters of Mercy, initially working in dioceses administered by the Divine Word Missionaries, eventually extended to other dioceses in the new nation. Research data are used from relevant archives, recorded in-depth interviews with Australian and Papua New Guinean Mercy Sisters and key consultants, as well as my own personal experience as a Sister of Mercy in Papua New Guinea (1964-2003). To reflect the changing contexts of mission, the findings are presented in three time-frames, 1956-69, 1970-81 and 1982-2006. This exploration shows that, following their founding traditions in a liberating and transformative paradigm as modelled in the New Testament and re-defined in Vatican II, the expatriate and indigenous sisters were challenged to new forms of initiative, adaptability, flexibility, mobility and collaboration as they branched out into emerging ministries. As they reached out in mission they were reciprocally enriched within changing social and multi-cultural contexts. As disciples of Jesus, they experienced the cycle of joys and sorrows in their own lives and in the lives of those with whom they stood in solidarity. In conclusion, the founding traditions expressed within a particular liberating and transformative model sustained the Sisters of Mercy as agents in mission in changing Melanesian (and global) contexts. These traditions are revisited in the light of contemporary theology, both of mission and of religious life.
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Janequine, Olivia Gonçalves. "Estrangeiros no meio : o processo de estabelecimento dos sirio-libaneses na Guine Portuguesa, 1910-1926." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279139.

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Orientador: Omar Ribeiro Thomaz
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto d Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T05:13:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Janequine_OliviaGoncalves_M.pdf: 1792032 bytes, checksum: a0352588a2e20b318ac19dafae0d3973 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: Na passagem do século XIX para o XX, no contexto de sua grande migração, alguns milhares de sírio-libaneses foram para a África Ocidental e ali se estabeleceram. Em toda a região, tornaram-se intermediários no circuito comercial, então em plena ascenção, que fazia chegar as matérias-primas da região à indústria européia e os bens de consumo produzidos na Europa àquele que era um novo mercado. Concomitantemente à expansão do comércio externo na região, deu-se a intensificação da presença militar e administrativa dos Estados imperiais europeus ali e no resto do continente africano. Com o contexto global e regional sempre em perspectiva, esta dissertação apresenta uma investigação sobre o processo de estabelecimento de migrantes sírio-libaneses na Guiné Portuguesa (atual Guiné-Bissau), concentrando-se nos anos correspondentes ao primeiro período republicano em Portugal, entre 1910 e 1926. O tema é abordado através da análise de documentos produzidos no contexto da administração colonial portuguesa no território, material que nos permitiu construir uma interpretação sobre este processo em que a ambigüidade da condição de estrangeiro é o elemento central.
Abstract: Between the late 19th and the early 20th centuries, in the context of their great migration, a few thousand Syrian-Lebanese travelled to and settled in West Africa. All over the region they became middlemen in a then growing trade circuit that carried local produce to the European industry and European manufactures to that new market. Concomitant to the expansion of external trade in the region was the intensification of imperial European states' military and administrative presence there and in the rest of the African continent. With the global and regional contexts constantly in the horizon, this dissertation presents a survey of the settlement process of Syrian-Lebanese migrants in Portuguese Guinea (present Guinea- Bissau), focusing the years of the first Portuguese republican period, between 1910 and 1926. The theme is approached through the analysis of written documents produced in the context of the Portuguese colonial administration in the territory. The material allows of an interpretation of the process in which the ambiguity of the condition of stranger plays a central role.
Mestrado
Cultura e Poder
Mestre em Antropologia Social
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27

Mapsea, Allan Jim. "Teachers' views on providing for children with special needs in inclusive classrooms:a papua new guinea study." The University of Waikato, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2391.

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The purpose of having inclusive education is to value children with special needs so they can participate equally in all educational activities alongside their peers without special needs. There should not be any discrimination, segregation or isolation of these children with special needs from being educated rather they must be given an equal opportunity to participate alongside children without special needs. This study seeks to investigate primary school teachers' views and experiences in implementing the Inclusive Education Policy in regular schools. The study was conducted in five districts of the Enga Province of Papua New Guinea. Six primary schools were selected and involved 77 teachers who responded to questionnaire items, while 12 teachers within the group were chosen to be involved in interviews. Data for the study were gathered and analysed from the questionnaires, and the interview transcripts. The findings from the study revealed that most teachers supported the notion of Inclusive Education Policy and would like to implement it. However, they indicated that there needed to be a change in attitudes of teachers, peers, boards of management, and parents/caregivers to provide assistance for children with special needs. Most teachers felt that there needs to be more awareness of the principle and the importance of inclusion. Teachers' limited knowledge of teaching children with special needs was also highlighted. In this study teachers admitted they needed more training in the field of educating children with special education in order to accommodate and teach children with special needs. This shows that teachers' colleges and universities need to have trained lecturers to develop more courses in special education. Teachers expressed concern that school inspectors do not know enough about the inclusive education concept and need to be trained as well so collaboratively they could implement the policy. Government support is needed to effectively implement the inclusive education policy. This includes training of specialists to support teachers, funds for teaching and learning resources and facilities in schools. The cultural implications and geographical issues have also had some impact on the implementation of the Inclusive Education Policy, while the issue of children with HIV and AIDS was raised that teachers needed to be prepared in order to accommodate and teach those infected children. All these issues highlighted are very important and it is hoped that the outcome of the findings will provide the Department of Education with new strategies to improve and strengthen their commitment to implement Inclusive Education Policy.
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Cassama, Daniel Julio Lopes Soares. "Amílcar Cabral e a independência da Guiné Bissau e Cabo Verde /." Araraquara, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/122090.

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Orientador: Edmundo Antonio Peggin
Banca: Antonio Alberto Brunatta
Banca: Dagoberto José Fonseca
Resumo: O presente trabalho propõe um estudo referente à independência da Guiné-Bissau e Cabo Verde, processo esse liderado por Amílcar Lopes Cabral. A importância do tema consiste, em primeiro lugar, em perceber os motivos que levaram Amílcar Cabral a integrar-se na luta da libertação nacional, compreender as influências recebidas e a forma como este as integrou na construção e desenvolvimento de estratégias políticas e culturais que visavam uma libertação territorial da Guiné-Bissau e Cabo Verde. Além disso, visava, também a libertação física e psicológica do homem negro-africano, educado dentro de um sistema colonial. Em segundo lugar contribuir para o preenchimento de vazios significativos no que respeita ao conhecimento da guerra de libertação da Guiné-Bissau e Cabo Verde
Abstract: This work proposes a study concerning the independence of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde, a process led by Amilcar Lopes Cabral. The importance of the theme is, firstly, to realize the reasons that made Amilcar Cabral to integrate the struggle of national liberation, understands the influences received and how it has incorporated in the construction and development of political and cultural strategies aimed at territorial liberation of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde. Furthermore, aims also to physical and psychological liberation of the black African man, educated in a colonial system. Secondly, to contribute to filling significant voids with regard to knowledge of the war of liberation in Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde
Mestre
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29

Rossi, Elisabetta. "Unveiling the size of the Universe: the first accurate measurement of the Earth-Sun distance by Giovanni Domenico Cassini." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/23751/.

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In the ambitious plan of King Louis XIV, France should have become culturally dominant in Europe. The First Minister of State Jean Baptiste Colbert suggested him to finance not only military campaigns but also scientific expeditions aimed to determine, with the highest possible accuracy, the extension of the colonial possessions, to show that France was the largest European power. The astronomers of the Académie des Sciences (founded in 1666), being also geographers and cartographers, were the “leading actors” of those dangerous expeditions, as measuring the terrestrial coordinates (latitude and longitude) strongly required their skills: the desire for glory of the Roi Soleil had unexpectedly turned out into an improvement of astronomy. All the expeditions were supervised by the Italian astronomer Giovanni Domenico Cassini (1625-1712) who had been warmly welcomed at the court of the Sun King, in 1669, and was living in the Observatoire Royal in Paris. Cassini instructed the scientists who were chosen for the expeditions, checked their instruments and compiled a list of instructions concerning the observations they should have carried out. Among the several expeditions organized by Cassini, the one to Cayenne (French Guiana) deserves particular attention as thanks to some observations carried out there (and simultaneously in Paris) Cassini obtained the first accurate measurement of the Earth-Sun distance. Through a careful check and inspection of all the available original documents kept in the Archives in Paris, the history of the observations which were carried out in Cayenne, has been reconstructed and is presented in this work. Moreover, some almost unknown details concerning Cassini’s life and work are also shown. The ambitious aim of this work is to make the reader go back in the past to perceive the atmosphere of an epoch in which, thanks also to the overseas expeditions, began to bloom what it was going to become the Age of Enlightenment.
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30

Casali, Rodrigo. "Guias e Orixás: narrativas de expressões orais sobre os candomblés do MS." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8161/tde-17032017-103917/.

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Este trabalho teve por finalidade contar a história da presença do Candomblé no Mato Grosso do Sul. Partindo da análise de narrativas de expressões orais estabelecidas numa rede de saberes dentro do campo da História Oral, esta pesquisa analisou várias histórias de vida de pais e mães de santo desta religião presente no estado, o que permitiu entender a formação de uma genealogia dos filhos de santo que ajudou a reconstruir a trajetória da formação desse Candomblé. Por meio do trabalho de campo realizado em duas principais cidades - Campo Grande e Corumbá - foi possível estabelecer um ponto de partida para contar esta história, bem como, apresentar algumas particularidades das experiências religiosas desse povo de santo, além de demonstrar a articulação em nível nacional que estes espaços religiosos chamados também de barracões ou terreiros possuem. O Candomblé do MS dialoga com vários estados brasileiros, desde São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, Pernambuco e até o continente Africano, demonstrando que o seu nível de integração e articulação permite um envolvimento grande dentro da cultura afro-brasileira.
The aim of this paper is to tell the story of the presence of Candomblé in Mato Grosso do Sul. Based on the analysis of narratives of oral expressions, established in a network of knowledge within the field of Oral History, this research paper analyzed many life stories of pais e mães de santo of this religion in this state, which enabled us to understand the formation of a genealogy of the filhos de santo, which helped to rebuild the trajectory of the formation of this Candomblé.Through fieldwork in two major cities - Campo Grande and Corumbá it was possible to establish a starting point for telling this story,as well as, present some particularities of the religious experiences of this povo de santo, and to demonstrate the articulation at national level these religious spaces, also called barracões or terreiros, have. The Candomblé of MS dialogues with several brazilian states, from São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, Pernambuco and to the African continent, demonstrating that its level of integration and articulation allows a large involvement in the african-brazilian culture.
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31

Diallo, Mamadou Dindé. "Un siècle de journaux en Guinée : histoire de la presse écrite de la période coloniale à nos jours." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00904374.

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Ce travail porte sur 1'histoire de la presse écrite en Guinée entre 1925 et 2010, i.e. entre l'apparition du premier périodique et la fin de la 2e République. À l'instar d'autres pays africains, les Guinéens sont entrés en contact avec les journaux durant la colonisation. La presse fut d'abord contrôlée par les autorités avant d'être appropriée par les élites politiques dans leur lutte anticoloniale. Si les missionnaires catholiques ont été les précurseurs (création de La Voix de Notre-Dame), c'est après 1945 qu'une presse plurielle et africaine émerge, avec des journaux variés (Coup de Bambou, Phare de Guinée, La Liberté...). Les leaders politiques et syndicaux utilisent la presse comme un instrument de contre-pouvoir et comme un puissant moyen de mobilisation populaire. Cette relative liberté prend fin eu 1958, à 1'indépendance. Le nouveau régime de parti unique met la main sur La Liberté, publication du PDG-RDA, qui, sous le nom d'Horoya, devient l'unique journal d'information autorisé. Ce monopole étatique entraîne une forte désaffection du lectorat. Après la prise du pouvoir par une junte en 1984, la mise en place du multipartisme contribue à l'instauration de la liberté de presse au début des années 1990. Considérée comme le " printemps de la presse ", la décennie voit éclore des centaines de titres éphémères, souvent hebdomadaires ou mensuels. Notre thèse analyse ce phénomène et propose deux études de cas, centrées sur des groupes de presse apparemment solides : Le Lynx-La Lance et L'Indépendant-Le Démocrate. Elle propose enfin un bilan de la situation de la presse guinéenne en 201O.
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Renard, Delphine. "Histoire et écologie des complexes de champs surélevés dans les savanes côtières de Guyane française." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20225.

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L'Amazonie a connu une longue histoire d'occupation humaine. La nature et l'échelle de l'impact des populations d'Amérindiens précolombiens sur leur environnement sont encore largement débattues. Dans une approche pluridisciplinaire, la thèse vise 1) à améliorer les estimations de l'étendue des remaniements anciens des paysages par l'Homme et 2) à comprendre comment ces remaniements affectent la structure et le fonctionnement des écosystèmes contemporains par l'étude des complexes de champs surélevés précolombiens des savanes côtières de Guyane française. Pour la mise en place d'une agriculture intensive sédentaire, les agriculteurs précolombiens ont transformé ces savanes saisonnièrement inondées en édifiant des champs sous la forme de buttes de terre circulaires produisant une hétérogénéité topographique marquée et organisée. Pour répondre au premier objectif, nous avons développé deux approches permettant de distinguer les paysages de buttes d'origine anthropique de ceux, dont la physionomie est très proche, résultant de processus naturels. Pour répondre au second objectif, nous avons décrit comment la structure des communautés d'ingénieurs naturels d'écosystèmes (fourmis, termites, vers de terre et plantes) répond à l'hétérogénéité induite par l'Homme, et comment les activités de ces ingénieurs assurent l'auto-entretien des anciens champs contre l'érosion depuis leur abandon il y a environ 800 ans. Notre travail révèle que l'étude de la dynamique temporelle de la végétation permet d'inférer l'origine des complexes de buttes uniquement lorsqu'elle combine différents proxys. L'analyse de la structure spatiale des buttes montre que les complexes de buttes de Guyane présentent une orientation souvent en grille carrée, orientation qui n'a jamais été montrée ni prédite pour des paysages d'origine naturel, indiquant que la géométrie du paysage peut porter la signature de l'intervention de l'Homme. Depuis l'abandon des champs surélevés, les communautés d'ingénieurs naturels se structurent, et concentrent leurs activités, dans les buttes. Nous avons montré que ces activités contribuent à maintenir des habitats surélevés contre l'érosion mais que les rétroactions qu'ils conduisent sur le sol sont modulées par les conditions initiales du milieu. Le paysage observé actuellement dans les savanes de Guyane n'est ni entièrement façonné par l'Homme, ni entièrement naturel mais résulte de l'interaction complexe entre les composantes physiques et biotiques et de l'héritage des activités anciennes de l'Homme. Le résultat de ces interactions est reflété par une mosaïque de buttes plus ou moins érodées. Notre travail représente la première étude montrant l'impact à long terme des activités anciennes de l'Homme sur les écosystèmes de savanes en Amazonie. Nos résultats présentent des applications importantes dans le domaine de l'ingénierie écologique pour la conception de nouveaux agroécosystèmes durables
Amazonia has a long history of human occupation. The nature and scale of the impact of pre-Columbian humans on their environment are still hotly debated. In a pluridisciplinary approach, this thesis aims 1) to improve estimations of the scale of ancient landscape transformations by humans and 2) to understand how these transformations influence the structure and the functioning of contemporary ecosystems, by studying the particular exemple of pre-Columbian raised-field complexes in coastal savannas of French Guiana. To conduct sedentary intensive agriculture, pre-Columbian farmers transformed these seasonally flooded savannas by building raised fieldsin the form of circular moundscreating a marked and organized topographic heterogeneity. To accomplish the first objective, we developed two approaches to distinguish anthropogenic mound-field landscapes from others, of similar physiognomy, resulting from natural processes. To accomplish the second objective, we described how the structure of the community of natural ecosystem engineers (ants, termites, earthworms and plants) is influenced by human-induced heterogeneity, and how feedbacks generated by these engineers can lead to self-organized maintenance of the ancient fields against erosion since their abandonment around 800 years ago. Our work reveals that the study of the temporal dynamics of vegetation can be used to infer the origin of mound complexes only when it combines different proxies. The analysis of spatial structure of mounds shows that mound complexes of Guiana are strongly oriented, often in a square lattice, an orientation that has been neither demonstrated nor predicted for natural landscapes, indicating that landscape geometry bears a diagnostic signature of human activities. Ever since raised fields were abandoned, the community of natural engineers is structured, and its activities are concentrated, on mounds. We showed that these activities cont ribute to maintaining these raised features against erosion, but that the effectiveness of engineer-feedbacks on soil in countering erosion are modulated by initial conditions of the environment. The current landscapes of French Guianan savannas are neither solely modeled by humans nor entirely natural, but result from the complex interaction between physical and biotic components and from the legacies of past human land use. The result of these interactions is reflected in a mosaic of more or less eroded mounds. Our work represents the first study showing the long-term impact of ancient human activities on Amazonian savanna ecosystems. Our results can have important applications in the framework of ecological engineering to conceptualize new durable agroecosystems
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Judge, Sean Michael. "The Turn of the Tide, July 1942-February 1943: Shifting Strategic Initiative in the Pacific in World War II." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1310056182.

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Sandouno, Moïse. "Une histoire des frontières guinéennes (années 1880-2010) : héritage colonial, négociation et conflictualité." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU20028/document.

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Les frontières guinéennes, pur produit de la colonisation, ont été mises en place au gré de conventions internationales entre puissances, mais aussi d’actes administratifs pris dans le cadre de l’organisation interne des territoires de l’AOF, de la fin du XIXe au début du XXe siècle. Leur institutionnalisation instaure un nouveau mode de vie et de pratiques chez les frontaliers qui se les sont vus imposer.À partir de la seconde moitié du XXe siècle, les bouleversements socio-politiques et économiques que connait le monde, suscitent l’éveil de conscience des peuples colonisés, désireux de prendre en main leur propre destin. Dans ce contexte africain et mondial, la Guinée se singularise par son choix politique et accède à l’indépendance le 2 octobre 1958. Le nouvel État, en dépit de nombreux défis à relever, fait aussi face à la délicate gestion des frontières héritées de la période coloniale, en proie à des conflits inter-communautaires qui émergent à partir des années 1970, et qui restent encore d’actualité
The Guinean borders, a pure product of colonization, were established with the consent of international conventions between powerful nations, but also the administrative acts taken within the framework of the internal organization in the French Western African territories, from the end of 19th to the beginning of the 20th century. Their institutionalization intaures a new lifestyle and practices that they imposed in the border communities. Starting from second half of the 20th century, the socio-political and economic instability that the world knew, cause the awakening of conscience of the colonized people, eager to take over their own destiny. In this African and world context, Guinea was made conspicuous by its political choice and gained its independence on October 2nd, 1958. The new State, in spite of many challenges to take up, also has been confronted with the tricky management of new borders inherited from the colonial period, and captured by intercommunity conflicts which emerged from the years 1970, and which still remain in the system
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Santos, Beatriz Carvalho dos. "Entre mouros e cristãos: os mandingas da “Guiné de Cabo Verde” (séc. XVI e XVII)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFF, 2013. https://appdesenv.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/238.

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nserida no contexto das discussões sobre o Ultramar e do chamado Mundo Atlântico, a região denominada pelos portugueses de “Guiné do Cabo Verde” reconhecidamente apresentou desde os primeiros contatos, durante o período expansionista português, características singulares. No entanto, o foco sobre o estudo da cultura da Guiné parece ter sido sempre ofuscado pelas curiosidades e potencialidades que as interações, de diversas naturezas, entre europeus, africanos e árabes geravam. Dessa forma, apresenta-se nesta dissertação um estudo que visa dar um passo em direção ao preenchimento dessa lacuna deixada em aberto. Para este fim, o objetivo aqui é o de contextualizar a região no período dos séculos XVI e XVII e seu lugar dentro da lógica do mundo Ultramarino. Tendo como proposta principal promover uma análise sobre um dos grupos étnicos mais conhecidos do período, os mandingas. Esta proposta utiliza como fontes os relatos de três viajantes cabo-verdianos que comerciaram na região durante décadas. Assim apresenta-se aqui uma análise reflexiva a respeito de vários assuntos pertinentes a temática de estudos da cultura, história da África e das imagens deixadas aos historiadores, por meio das fontes, do período da expansão marítima
Inserted in the context of discussions on the so-called Ultramarine and the Atlantic World, region called by the Portuguese “Guinea of the Cape Verde” admittedly showed unique characteristics since the first contact during the expansionary period. However, the concentration on the study of ethnic groups in the region seems to have been overshadowed by curiosity and the potential interactions of various kinds, among Europeans, Africans and Arabs generated. Thus, this dissertation presents a study that aims to take a step toward filling this gap left open. To this end, the goal here is to contextualize the region during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and its place within the world of logic Overseas. With the proposed main promote an analysis of one of the best known ethnic groups period, mandingas. This proposal use the reports written three travelers Cape Verdeans who traded in the region of decades. Thus, we present here a reflective analysis on various matters pertaining to the theme of cultural studies, African history and images left to historians, through sources, the period of maritime expansion.
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De, Hontheim Astrid. "Chasseurs de diables et collecteurs d'art: tentatives de conversion des Asmat par les missionnaires pionniers protestants et catholiques." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210720.

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Cet ouvrage se penche sur le concept de conversion et évalue sa pertinence à la lumière de l'ethnographie d'une population de Papouasie occidentale, les Asmat. Son originalité tient au caractère récent de l'évangélisation (depuis 1953), à la transformation de pratiques culturelles asmat complexes telles que la chasse aux têtes, et à la présence simultanée de missionnaires catholiques et protestants (essentiellement croisiers et évangéliques). Réalisée en des circonstances politiques tendues, l'ouvrage compare ces derniers d'un point de vue anthropologique et ecclésiologique et leur influence réciproque sur les populations. Au-delà du champ strictement religieux, l'évangélisation se décline dans de nombreux domaines de la vie :architecture, dation du nom, organisation du temps, alimentation, sorcellerie, relations familiales, ancestralité, rapports entre l'homme et la nature, parures corporelles, sexualité, funérailles, etc. Complétant cette étude, il est proposé une anthropologie du missionnaire pionnier grâce à l'immersion du chercheur dans les communautés et les familles missionnaires. Enfin, les notions de "chrétien" et de "converti" sont au cœur d'une polémique divisant ceux qui se revendiquent de la foi chrétienne. Entre constructions théoriques connexes autour de la conversion apparaît un vide théorique qu'un nouveau concept s'apprête à combler :l'enchristianisation.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Phillip, Angie. "The development of writing competence in Grade Nine Papua New Guinea high school students : an investigation of the relationship between personal history narrative, imagined story narrative and persuasive writing." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22554.

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The development of writing competence in Papua New Guinea Grade Nine high school students was described in order to investigate the transition from narrative to argumentative or persuasive writing. The study used a pretest/posttest method and scripts were scored holistically and described according to objective measures (t-unit measures, fluency scored by number of words per timed essay, and accuracy described by measures of error per 100 words). Narrative writing was hypothesised to fall into three categories since it seemed that different cognitive processes were required for their production, and practice in two of these formed the treatment. A control group was given practice in personal history narrative, while an experimental group was given practice in imagined story narrative. The first objective was to investigate the relationship between the three types of writing, and the hypothesised hierarchy of difficulty, where persuasive writing was more difficult than imagined story narrative, which was, in turn, more difficult than personal history narrative, was confirmed. The second objectives was to chart the development of writing competence over three quarters of an academic year. The writing of almost all the students improved to some extent and the improvemerit was marked by a large increase in fluency in all three writing types. Patterns of error, however, varied between the types of writing. As competence increased in both types of narrative writing, overall error decreased, while improvement in persuasive writing appeared to be associated with a slight increase in error. In all three types of writing the proportion of spelling errors increased as competence developed, while the proportion of errors to do with coherence and cohesion fell. The third objective was to investigate the effect on the development of writing competence of practice in imagined story narrative, as opposed to the effect of practice in personal history narrative. Writing types had been mixed to some extent, both during the treatment and during the tests, so the experiment actually compared practice in more of a particular kind of narrative than exclusive practice in that type.
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Serra, i. Castella Xavier. "Els camins de l’or a l’Àfrica Antiga. Una comparativa de la mineria artesanal de l´actual Golf de Guinea amb la mineria de l´Antic Egipte." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461186.

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A l’Antic Egipte l’or va representar des dels inicis el metall amb el qual els Faraons eren venerats. Va ser per aquesta qüestió que es varen necessitar grans quantitats d’aquest element per satisfer la ostentació i el poder d’aquests Reis. Coneixem per les fonts textuals, papirològiques i arqueològiques que l’or es va explotar des del període Predinàstic. Ens interessa en aquest estudi aprofundir en els Períodes del Regne Nou (1539 -1077 a C), i també el Ptolemaic (332-30 a C). El primer per ser el període en què es va explotar més quantitat d’or per a la producció de joies, escultures i materials d’indole sacra. El segon perquè representa una aproximació a la nostra era, i sobretot perquè ens aproxima, en certa forma a les fonts de l’Àfrica occidental. En aquest estudi partim d’un decalatge de les dades de consum d’or que diferents investigadors ens han donat a partir de les seves investigacions. Aquests autors, d’escoles ben diferenciades en el temps, ens donen unes dades sobre l’extracció de l’or que difereixen de molt segons es tracti de l’escola alemanya de Quiring (1948) o de Klemm (2001,2012). Quasi bé set dècades de temps separen les apreciacions de les dues escoles sobre les dades del consum de l’or a l’Antic Egipte. Donat aquest decalatge tant gran amb les dades nosaltres proposem una hipòtesi: l’or hauria hagut de provenir de rutes comercials de llocs lluny del món egipci. Proposem les rutes transsaharianes com una possibilitat per a refermar la hipòtesi del comerç de l’or entre l’Àfrica occidental i l’Antic Egipte. Durant el període del Regne Nou els intercanvis comercials entre Egipte i els països veïns es varen produir en tres direccions ben definides: la via del NNE o els països del Pròxim Orient, la via del Sud, és a dir el Sudan i el mateix País de Punt del qual avui en dia encara es desconeix la seva ubicació exacte i la via transsahariana, és a dir la via occidental justament la que connecta amb l’Àfrica Occidental. Per a realitzar aquest estudi partim de registres arqueològics, papirològics i també etnogràfics. Egipte ens ha donat la major part de la documentació de la època basada en aquests registres papirològics, textuals i també arqueològics. A l’Àfrica Occidental en canvi, la majoria d’aquests registres són inexistents. En aquesta part de l’Àfrica els registres a partir dels quals podrem obtenir informacions son la transmissió oral ( com el cas del poble Peül amb el conte de Kaidara, per exemple) i també els registres etnogràfics, és a dir els que ens porten les persones. A partir d’aquest darrers estudis es tracta de poder posar en evidència les possibles relacions existents entre l’Egipte Antic i l’àrea de l’Àfrica Occidental. És per aquesta raó que a partir d’estudis etnogràfics actuals traurem conclusions sobre les evidències actuals que ens connecten amb el passat i on la comparació dels mètodes d’explotació que es realitzaren a l’antiguitat evidencien similituds amb els que actualment es desenvolupen en aquesta part de l’Àfrica. Els orpailleurs actuals de l’Àfrica Occidental fan la recol·lecció, el rentat i la selecció de les petites pelletes d’or d’una forma molt semblant a la que ho feien a l’antiguitat els miners al desert Oriental i a Núbia, llocs on s’hauria explotat les quantitats més grans d’or en aquests períodes. Aquesta es suposadament una tècnica que a partir de l’extrapolació ens dona una sèrie d’indicis que ens porten a construir aquestes hipòtesis. Les rutes de l’or haurien començat molt probablement a la província autònoma del Bambouk i haurien arribat a Egipte. Si les rutes de connexió haurien estat fetes a peu entravessant el desert és encara una tessitura prematura, però plantejable. Aquest estudi inclou un apartat sobre les migracions actuals. Aquestes seguirien patrons forjats en aquestes rutes antigues. Les rutes de l’or en son una d’elles que obliguen als migrants de l’Àfrica Occidental a arribar fins al Líban actual per a creuar el Mediterrani i arribar fins a Europa.
In Ancient Egypt, gold represented, from the beginning, the metal with which the Pharaohs were venerated. Because of this great quantity of this element would be required to satisfy the ostentation and power of these Kings. We know by textual, papirologic and archeologic sources that gold was exploited starting at the Predynsatic period. In this study, we are interested in delving deeper in the Periods of New Kingdom (1539-1077 B.C.), and, in the Ptolemaic (332-30 B.C.). The first one for being the period during which the largest quantity of gold was exploited for jewelry production, sculpting and the production of “sacred materials”. The second one because it represents an approximation to our own era, and most of all because it somehow gets us closer to the sources of West Africa. Authors from different schools provide us with data about gold extraction, which differ from one anoteher according to the German schools of Quiring (1948) or Klemm (2001). Given such a big offset with the data we propose a hypothesis: gold should have been brought by commercial routes from places far away from the Egyptian world. We propose the Trans-Saharan routes as a possibility to reform the hypothesis of gold commerce between West Africa and Ancient Egypt. The modern West African orpailleurs (gold panners) gather, clean and select gold with pallets in a similar way to how it was done in ancient times by miners from Eastern Desert and Nubia, places where the largest quantities of gold have been extracted during these periods. This is supposedly a technique that gives us a series of signs from extrapolation that led us to construct this hypothesis. The gold routes would have probably started in the autonomous province of Bambouk and would have arrived in Egypt. The possibility of connecting routes being travelled on foot, traversing the desert, is doubtful but may still be considered. This study includes a section on modern migrations. These would have followed patterns forged in these ancient routes. The gold routes are some that force West African migrants to travel toward modern Lebanon to cross the Mediterranean Sea so as to arrive in Europe.
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Southwood, David. "For the State or for the Student: Changes in Career Advice in New South Wales Secondary Schools in the Twentieth Century David Hugh Southwood A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of B.A. (Hons) in History. University of Sydney October." Thesis, Department of History, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/8838.

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This thesis looks at how changes in the Australian Federal Government’s economic policy have affected career advice practices in New South Wales Secondary Schools. From 1927 – 75, career advice practices were primarily used to assist the nation in the process of industrialisation. However, from 1975 – 96 careers advice in schools has become increasingly marginalised as a result of the professionalisation of the role during the 1970s. The process of professionalisation had the effect of estranging Careers Advisers from the educational establishment and reducing their utility in facilitating the economic ambitions of the Federal Government.
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Cassama, Daniel Julio Lopes Soares [UNESP]. "Amílcar Cabral e a independência da Guiné Bissau e Cabo Verde." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/122090.

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O presente trabalho propõe um estudo referente à independência da Guiné-Bissau e Cabo Verde, processo esse liderado por Amílcar Lopes Cabral. A importância do tema consiste, em primeiro lugar, em perceber os motivos que levaram Amílcar Cabral a integrar-se na luta da libertação nacional, compreender as influências recebidas e a forma como este as integrou na construção e desenvolvimento de estratégias políticas e culturais que visavam uma libertação territorial da Guiné-Bissau e Cabo Verde. Além disso, visava, também a libertação física e psicológica do homem negro-africano, educado dentro de um sistema colonial. Em segundo lugar contribuir para o preenchimento de vazios significativos no que respeita ao conhecimento da guerra de libertação da Guiné-Bissau e Cabo Verde
This work proposes a study concerning the independence of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde, a process led by Amilcar Lopes Cabral. The importance of the theme is, firstly, to realize the reasons that made Amilcar Cabral to integrate the struggle of national liberation, understands the influences received and how it has incorporated in the construction and development of political and cultural strategies aimed at territorial liberation of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde. Furthermore, aims also to physical and psychological liberation of the black African man, educated in a colonial system. Secondly, to contribute to filling significant voids with regard to knowledge of the war of liberation in Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde
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Leister, Fátima Cristina. "Um prefácio a povos da Guiné-Bissau: o Boletim Cultural da Guiné Portuguesa (1946-1973)." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/12730.

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In spite of the publication of Law 10.369 in 2003, which made the teaching of the history and culture of Africa and African Brazilians compulsory, there is still much to be done to reduce the defects in the national curriculum and offer better guidance for the study of the Africas and of Africans. There are still many avenues that need to be explored in order to fill the gaps that the colonial legacy has left. To this end, in order to broaden historical horizons and contribute to the historiographical debate already under way, the focus of the present work is directed at the area occupied by current Guinea-Bissau, especially during the period of the Imperial Colonial Portuguese Empire. This area has been almost totally neglected in Brazil, but the culture of Guinean people has been described in the annals of the Boletim Cultural da Guiné Portuguesa. This colonial periodical, published between 1946 and 1973 is now available online as the Projeto Memória de África e Oriente. Coordinated by the Fundação Portugal-Africa, the aim of this project is to collect, collate and digitalize documents at present scattered among the documentation centers of various Portuguese-speaking countries and make them available to researchers on the internet. The Boletim Cultural is a varied source made up of 110 editions published uninterruptedly three times a year. There are over 20,000 pages, whose main emphasis is on articles concerning ethnographics, which, although often seen from an undesirably European perspective, offer the opportunity to study these little-known cultures, which have been mostly handed down by oral tradition, and despite the cultural bias they display, these articles are nevertheless well worth reading. In fact, paradoxically, this alien perspective serves to highlight certain cultural features and the very characteristic language used in them expresses quite pointedly the colonial logic upon which political and scientific studies were based. In this way, this scientific knowledge, despite its subtexts, has enabled a dialog to take place with various actors who made their own history, despite this remaining restricted even until today, by others who sought to control it. Thus, despite being strongly influenced by scientific colonial attitudes, these studies published in the pages of Boletim Cultural, did allow the first approaches to be made to Guinea-Bissau and its constituent elements in the 20th century
Não obstante a promulgação da Lei 10.639, que desde 2003 tornou obrigatório o ensino de História, Cultura Africana e Afro-Brasileira, ainda há muito que avançar para minimizar deficiências curriculares nacionais e reorientar reflexões sobre as Áfricas e os africanos. Há, ainda, um vasto campo a ser explorado para preencher os vazios que a marca colonial legou. Nesse sentido, a fim de ampliar horizontes históricos e contribuir com debates historiográficos já formulados, o foco do presente trabalho dirige-se para a região da atual Guiné-Bissau, especialmente no período em que compunha o Império Colonial Português. Praticamente ausente da historiografia disponível no Brasil, as culturas de povos guineenses foram destacadas dos registros contidos no Boletim Cultural da Guiné Portuguesa. Esta revista colonial, publicada entre 1946 e 1973, encontra-se hoje disponibilizada através da página eletrônica do Projeto Memória de África e Oriente. Coordenado pela Fundação Portugal-África, este projeto tem como objetivos coletar, tratar, digitalizar documentos espalhados pelos centros de documentação de países lusófonos, disponibilizando-os aos pesquisadores através da internet. O Boletim Cultural é uma fonte variada composta por 110 edições publicadas quadrimestralmente de forma ininterrupta. São mais de 20 mil páginas, das quais foram priorizados os artigos de cunho etnográfico, os quais, embora permeados pelos filtros desqualificadores europeus, ofereceram a oportunidade de fazer contato com culturas pouco conhecidas, majoritariamente constituídas na tradição oral. A intermediação realizada pelos articulistas não inviabilizaram o processo. Ao contrário, através de seus estranhamentos, a diferença foi evidenciada e ganhou uma linguagem escrita publicada nas páginas da revista, que expressava, materialmente, a lógica colonial construída sob a interação entre política e ciência. Nessa medida, esse conhecimento científico proporcionou, apesar de intenções subjacentes, um canal de diálogo com vários atores que construíram histórias próprias, contudo encapsuladas, até hoje, por outras que lhes foram impostas. Assim, orientados pela política colonial científica , os trabalhos publicados nas páginas do Boletim Cultural permitiram as primeiras aproximações com a Guiné-Bissau e seus elementos constituintes de meados do século XX
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MANALI, Sara. "Un archivio per la storia italo-albanese di Sicilia: il Seminario greco di Palermo. Inventario e guida ai fondi (secc. XVIII-XX)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/514975.

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43

Magalhães, Maria das Graças Sandi 1961. "Medos, mimos e cuidados. Leituras úteis para educar as mães = os guias maternos brasileiros (1919-1957)." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/251088.

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Orientador: Heloísa Helena Pimenta Rocha
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação
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Resumo: O mercado editorial brasileiro, em expansão nas primeiras décadas do século XX, incorporou, à sua maneira, os discursos produzidos tanto pelo movimento higienista como pelos que compreendiam a educação como forma de regenerar a nação e encaminhá-la em direção ao progresso e à modernidade. Escritos em sua maioria por pediatras, os guias maternos fizeram parte de coleções que se destinavam à educação da população. Apesar das referências nesses impressos aos procedimentos científicos em relação à criação dos filhos, a identificação dessas publicações como leituras úteis permitiu analisá-las enquanto uma das práticas médicas dirigidas às mulheres, para difundir modelos de comportamento familiar que garantissem a geração, o desenvolvimento saudável e a educação das crianças brasileiras. Este texto adota como principal referencial teórico as contribuições de Roger Chartier, em torno da história do livro e da leitura, e de Michel Foucault, no que se refere à compreensão dos mecanismos de poder sobre a população, definidos pelo autor como biopolítica. Os processos de produção e os indícios da circulação dos guias maternos foram considerados como elementos fundamentais para a compreensão da difusão das representações sobre as mulheres, as crianças e sua educação, nos moldes propostos pela medicina, como parte de um processo mais amplo de intervenção na sociedade brasileira. Ao mesmo tempo, a análise das prescrições de leitura, presentes nas características textuais e tipográficas desses impressos, permite uma aproximação das práticas propostas às mães. Por essa razão, os guias maternos que integram o corpus desta pesquisa, publicados entre 1919 e 1957, foram compreendidos tanto como objeto quanto como fonte de estudo. Entre as questões suscitadas, a principal interrogação refere-se ao espaço que esses impressos teriam ocupado no processo de difusão de práticas higiênicas que abrangiam tanto o cuidado com o corpo infantil como a educação da criança, com base nas recomendações médicas. O tratamento privilegiado dado à mulher leitora, a partir desse redimensionamento das funções maternais, em acordo com os princípios científicos, também permitiu indagar sobre as representações que teriam sido produzidas em torno da leitura feminina, veiculadas por autores e editores dos guias maternos estudados, a partir da inserção de diferentes dispositivos textuais e gráficos.
Abstract: The Brazilian publishing market in expansion since the first decades of the XX Century has incorporated at its own manner the speeches produced either by the hygienist movement as well as by those who understood upbringing as a way to regenerate a nation, leading it into progress and modernity. Written mostly by pediatricians, mother guidebooks were part of a collection that was intended for the education of the population. Despite the references contained in such publications regarding the scientific procedures related to children upbringing, identifying such publications as useful reading material allowed for analyzing them as one of the medical practices directed to women, in order to spread familial behavioral models that would guarantee the generation, the healthy development and upbringing of the Brazilian children. This work adopts, as its main theoretical reference, Roger Chartier's contributions about the history of books and reading, and Michel Foucalt's contributions to the understanding of power mechanisms over the populations, defined by the author as biopolitics. Production processes and indications of circulation of mother guidebooks were regarded to as fundamental elements to the understanding of the diffusion of representations over the women, the children and their upbringing, according to models proposed by medicine, as part of a bigger process of intervention in the Brazilian society. At the same time, the analysis of the reading prescriptions contained in the text and graphic characteristics of such printings allows for the approaching of the practices proposed to mothers. Due to this reason, mother guidebooks that form the corpus of this survey, published between 1919 and 1957, have been taken both as subject and as source of study. Among the raised issues, the main inquiry is concerned with how much space such printings might have taken in the process of diffusion of hygienic practices regarding either the care with the child's body as well as the child's upbringing based on medical recommendations. The privileged treatment given to woman readers beginning with the redesigning of maternal functions, according to scientific principles, also allowed for questioning the representations that might have been produced about the women's reading, published by authors and publishers of such guidebooks that have been studied, based on the insertion of different text and graphic devices.
Doutorado
Educação, Conhecimento, Linguagem e Arte
Doutor em Educação
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44

Harple, Todd S., and tharple@hotmail com. "Controlling the Dragon: An ethno-historical analysis of social engagement among the Kamoro of South-West New Guinea (Indonesian Papua/Irian Jaya)." The Australian National University. Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, 2002. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20030401.173221.

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This thesis examines how the Kamoro (also known as the Mimika) people of the south-west coast of Papua (former Irian Jaya), Indonesia have adapted to major political and economic changes over a long history of interactions with outsiders. More specifically, it is an ethnohistorical analysis of Kamoro strategies of engagement dating back to the seventeenth century, but focusing on the twentieth century. Taking ethnohistory to most generally refer to the investigation of the social and cultural distinctiveness of historical consciousness, this thesis examines how perceptions and activities of the past shape interpretations of the present. Though this thesis privileges Kamoro perspectives, it juxtaposes them against broader ethnohistorical analyses of the “outsiders” with whom they have interacted. For the Kamoro, amoko-kwere, narratives about the ancestral (and eternal) cultural heroes, underlie indigenous modes of historical consciousness which are ultimately grounded in forms of social reciprocity. One key characteristic of the amoko-kwere is the incorporation of foreign elements and their reformulation as products of indigenous agency. As a result of this reinterpretation expectations are raised concerning the exchange of foreign material wealth and abilities, both classified in the Kamoro language as kata. Foreign withholding of kata emerges as a dominant theme in amoko-kwere and is interpreted as theft, ultimately establishing relationships of negative reciprocity between the Kamoro and the powerful outsiders. These feelings are mirrored in contemporary Kamoro conceptions of their relationships with the Indonesian State and the massive PT Freeport Indonesia Mining Company who use a significant amount of Kamoro land for deposition of mining waste (tailings) and for the development of State and company infrastructure.
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45

Serges, Dorothee. "Insertions économiques des migrantes brésiliennes en Guyane française." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030172/document.

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L’insertion économique des migrantes brésiliennes en Guyane française s’inscrit dans le processus global de la féminisation des migrations et du marché du travail, initiant les déplacements d’une main-d’œuvre peu qualifiée des pays des Suds, notamment des États du Pará et de l’Amapá (nord du Brésil) vers les pays des Nords, la Guyane, département d’outre-mer. Cette insertion économique est intrinsèquement liée à des déterminants migratoires, familiaux et professionnels. Cette thèse analyse les formes d’autonomies économiques acquises par les femmes migrantes, à partir de trois générations, et compte tenu des possibilités offertes par le marché du travail de la société guyanaise, ethnostratifié. La complémentarité entre des méthodes qualitatives et quantitatives a permis de dégager des trajectoires (a)typiques reliant morale familiale et esprit d’entreprise
The economica insertion of Brazilian female migrants in French Guiana lies within the framework of the global process of the migration and labour market feminisation, initiating the movements of a less skilled South countries workforce, mainly from Pará and Amapá States (Northern Brazil) toward North countries, French Guiana, overseas department. This economic insertion is intrinsically tied to migration, family and professional determinants. This doctoral thesis analyzes the forms of economic autonomies acquired by the female migrants, since three generations and taking into account the possibilities offered by the French Guianese ethnostratified society's labour market. The complementarity between qualitative and quantitative methods allowed to unveil the (a)typical trajectories connecting family morality and entrepreneurship
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46

Guimarães, Carlos Eduardo Leal. "A história e a memória a nos guiar no Rio de Janeiro: proposta para um guia de viagem." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/10371.

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This current essay tries to accomplish some reflections about the cultural tourism in the city of Rio de Janeiro, through the creation of a travel guide with themed routes based on the history of the city. This guide would present new forms to observe the urban landscape considering the main role played by the city in the Brazilian history as political and cultural capital. The major focus of the foreseen itineraries would be the nation’s republican phase from the end of the XIX century till the 1970’s. In this period, Rio has faced innumerable urban changes which would be also analyzed during a series of walking-tours described in the travel guide. Based on this approach, the paper analyzes the formulation possibilities for this touristic product through theoretical references about Collective Memory, Sites of Memory, Cultural Identity and Heritage Interpretation. Taking advantage from these concepts, the study explains this emerging style of cultural tourism as an incentive for local residents to become travellers in their own city, as citizen- tourists.
A presente dissertação propõe-se a trazer algumas reflexões sobre o turismo cultural no Rio de Janeiro através da criação de um guia de viagem com rotas temáticas baseadas na história da cidade. Este guia proporia novas formas de leitura da paisagem urbana carioca a partir do papel central que a cidade teve na história brasileira enquanto capital política e cultural da nação. O foco principal dos itinerários seria a fase republicana no Brasil entre o final do século XIX até os anos 1970. Nesse período, o Rio passou por uma série de reformas urbanas que seriam também analisadas através de uma série de caminhadas temáticas descritas no guia. A partir dessa abordagem, o trabalho analisa as possibilidades de formatação desse produto turístico através da interlocução entre referenciais teóricos de Memória Coletiva, Lugar de Memória, Identidade Cultural e Interpretação de Patrimônio. Tirando proveito desses conceitos, o estudo procura justificar esse estilo emergente de turismo cultural como um incentivo para o morador do Rio tornar-se viajante em sua própria cidade, enquanto turista-cidadão.
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47

Greenlees, Donald. "The Origins of Nonalignment: Great Power Competition and Indonesian Foreign Policy 1945-1965." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/147895.

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The thesis analyses Indonesia’s foreign policy, specifically its alignment behavior, in the 20 years after it declared independence in 1945. It investigates the origins of Indonesia’s enduring bebas-aktif (independent and active) foreign policy and its manifestation in an official policy of neutrality and then nonalignment during the Cold War. It then follows the evolution of alignment policy via Indonesia’s interactions with the great powers of the era – the USA, the Soviet Union and the People’s Republic of China. The case study period provides a detailed account of a series of episodes that engaged the Cold War’s great powers, including the Asia- Africa conference, US-sponsored regional rebellions in Indonesia, the campaign to wrest control of West New Guinea, and the attempt to “crush” the formation of Malaysia under a policy of Konfrontasi. In trying to account for patterns in Indonesian alignment, the thesis challenges conventional approaches to alignment that explain changing behavior as purely a response to either the capability or intentions of other powers. Instead of seeing alignment as the result of a balance of power or a balance of threat, the thesis finds that Indonesia’s alignment policy during the period is better understood as a balance of risk between competing domestic and international demands and objectives. Policymakers are viewed as placing especially high priority on maintaining policy autonomy, which they compromise only when the objective that alignment serves is regarded as critical to the state. The analysis highlights a deep vein of Realpolitik and pragmatism in Indonesia’s alignment behavior, which prompted it to abandon neutrality when the international and domestic objectives of policymakers outweighed their commitment to the bebas-aktif policy. But the thesis found Indonesia’s most common approach to alignment was the use of a range of ‘smart’ strategies designed to maximise the benefits and minimise the risks of alignment. The principal risks could be placed in two categories: first, the risk of losing policy autonomy and, second, the risk of alignment choice provoking a domestic or international backlash. The thesis also reviewed methods of analysing decisions under conditions of risk. Comparing a rational actor model with a psychological model of choice, it found policymakers were prone to depart from the precepts of rational choice under conditions of crisis and uncertainty when the risk of critical loss to the state was is high.
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48

Lopes, Maraisa 1984. "Folha = do manual ao jornal ou do jornalístico ao pedagógico." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270535.

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Orientador: Claudia Regina Castellanos Pfeiffer
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: Esta pesquisa inscreve-se na perspectiva materialista da HIL e mobiliza o dispositivo teórico-analítico da AD, a partir do qual me coloquei frente ao empreendimento de compreender o modo pelo qual os manuais de redação de uma empresa jornalística, em meu caso, a Folha, se configurariam enquanto um instrumento tecnológico do espaço discursivo do jornalismo (hipótese com a qual passei a trabalhar), que pauta a escrita jornalística que, por sua vez, inscreve-se na produção de conhecimento sobre a história da língua e a história do conhecimento sobre a língua, funcionando como um instrumento linguístico. Além disso, trabalho com a compreensão de que a constituição da instituição 'jornal' se dá em uma relação com um 'poder dizer' (MARIANI, 1999), instaurando uma memória discursiva no funcionamento da instituição jornalística. Meu dispositivo teórico repousa nas noções correntes da AD, mais propriamente, naquelas postuladas por Pêcheux, Henry, Guilhaumou, Maldidier, Orlandi e, recorro a Mariani, Silva, Pfeiffer e Silva para tangenciar as questões relativas ao discurso jornalístico. Compreendo em minha pesquisa as condições de produção das versões dos manuais de redação da Folha, bem como o processo de institucionalização do Grupo. Além, de ter buscado apresentar algumas considerações acerca desse instrumento tecnológico, o manual. Pensar o discurso jornalístico impõe que pense-se também uma questão de memória, um já dito que constitui todo o dizer; nos manuais, noto um trabalho de atualização de enunciados, num movimento que o constitui enquanto pertinente aos meandros do jornalismo e enquanto um recorte da língua, que possibilita a produção de textos que se coloquem no lugar do bem-dizer. Considerando os efeitos de sentido observados em minha pesquisa, compreendo que o manual sustenta um imaginário de referência de língua tanto para o jornalismo, quanto para a escola, que cada vez mais se apropria dos textos midiáticos
Abstract: This research is subscribed in the materialist perspective of LIH and mobilizes the theoretical and analytical device of DA, from which I put forward the enterprise to understand the way the writing manual of a journalistic company, in my case, the Folha, would configure it as a technological tool of the discursive space of journalism (hypothesis with which I have worked), which guides the journalistic writing that, in turn, is part of the production of knowledge about the history of language and history of knowledge about language, functioning as a linguistic instrument. Moreover, I deal with the comprehension that the establishment of the journalistic institution occurs in relation to 'what can be said' (MARIANI, 1999), establishing a discursive memory as for the operation of the institution. My theoretical device is based on the current concepts of DA, more properly, those postulated by Pecheux, Henry, Guilhaumou, Maldidier, Orlandi, and I have relied on Mariani, Silva, Pfeiffer and Silva to discuss the issues related to journalistic discourse. I try to show my understanding on the production conditions of the four versions of Folha writing manual, as well as the institutionalization of the Group. In addition to that, we sought to present some considerations about this technological tool, the manual. Thinking about media discourse also requires thinking about a memory question, something that has already been said and ends up composing all the saying; as for the manuals, I have noticed utterances update work, set out in a movement that is so relevant to the intricacies of journalism, that makes it possible the production of texts whose meaning is built over a 'well-saying' position. Considering the meaning effects found in my study, I understand that the writing manual claims an imaginary effect of language reference both to journalism, and for the school, which increasingly takes media texts into its practice
Doutorado
Linguistica
Doutor em Linguística
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49

Souza, Marcelo Marques de. "Concepções de livros didáticos: entre convergências e divergências." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/10764.

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Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo
The objective of this study was to identify the conceptions of history textbooks for elementary school II in their differences and similarities. We use the ideas expressed by several subjects related to social institutions involved in the evaluation, selection and choice of material: the MEC, manager of the National Program of Textbooks (PNLD), with its auditors, the Academy, with its theme of researchers and the media and the journalists who asked, often, controversy over the textbooks, the Brazilian Association of Authors of Educational Books (ABRALE), representing the authors of textbooks and, in particular, the institution of school and their teachers History of the public of the State of São Paulo. All these individuals contributed their different experiences to enrich the discussion and explanation of concepts about the textbooks. As theoretical references on the school subjects, based on contributions from Chervel (1990), for a more complex understanding of the textbook references in articles from Chopin (2004), for teaching and history textbooks in Brazil, Bittencourt (1993)
O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar as concepções de livros didáticos de história do ensino fundamental II em suas divergências e convergências. Usa as concepções expressas por vários sujeitos ligados às instâncias sociais envolvidas no processo de avaliação, seleção e escolha do material didático: o MEC, gestor do Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD), com seus pareceristas; a Academia, com seus pesquisadores do tema; a Mídia e os jornalistas que opinaram, muitas vezes, polemicamente sobre os livros didático; a Associação Brasileira de Autores de Livros Educacionais (ABRALE), representando os autores de livros didáticos; e, de forma especial, A Escola e seus professores de História da rede pública do Estado de São Paulo. Todos esses sujeitos contribuíram com suas diferentes vivências para o enriquecimento do debate e explicitação das concepções acerca dos livros didáticos. Como referenciais teóricos sobre as disciplinas escolares, pautamos nas contribuições de Chervel (1990); para uma compreensão mais complexa dos livros didáticos nos referenciamos nos artigos de Chopin (2004); para o ensino de História e livros didáticos no Brasil, Bittencourt (1993)
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50

Ndjai, Tcherno. "O pensamento político de Amílcar Cabral : teoria e prática em momentos decisivos na libertação da Guiné Bissau (1959- 1969)." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/6336.

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Esta dissertação de Mestrado intitulada O pensamento político de Amílcar Cabral: teoria e prática, em momentos decisivos na libertação da Guiné-Bissau (1959-1969) tem como tema o processo de libertação da Guiné Bissau e Cabo Verde sob a liderança de Amílcar Cabral. Seu objetivo é apresentar o modo como Amílcar Cabral emergiu, impondo suas próprias ideias de libertação aos guineenses e cabo-verdianos, de uma luta única de independência dos dois povos distintos, com o objetivo de constituir uma só nação após a libertação. Analisamos a construção de sua trajetória nacionalista, no período de 1959 a 1969, com base nos escritos dele e sobre ele, expondo e discutindo o contexto das suas ideias, com o destaque de dois elementos centrais do seu pensamento político, unidade e luta, e seus planos revolucionários. Podemos verificar, a partir também de depoimentos confrontados com as informações oficiais e estudos recentes, que toda sua trajetória no seio do nacionalismo guineense foi marcada de hostilidades e dificuldades, derivadas de contradições intrínsecas que caracterizavam o seu projeto. Finalmente, constatou-se que o projeto tinha pouca possibilidade política de dar certo para o seu tempo, na medida em que se verificou que, em todas as etapas de seu transcurso, os problemas relativos a essas contradições foram contornados mais em virtude do seu deslocamento do que sua resolução. E, muitas vezes, isso se deu mais em função dos fatores conjunturais externos do que internos.
Le sujet de cette dissertation intitulée La pensée politique de Amilcar Cabral: théorie et pratique dans les moments décisives dans la libération de la Guinée Bissau (1959-1969) présente le processus de lutte de libération de la Guinée Bissau et du Cap Vert, sous la direction de Amilcar Cabral. Lobjectif est de montrer comment Amílcar Cabral est devenu leader, en imposant ses idées de libération aux guinéens et cap-verdiens dune seule lutte de libération avec pour but de constituer une seule nation pour les deux peuples, après lindépendance. Son parcours de 1959 à 1969, a été analysé, à travers ses écrits et des écrits sur lui, en exposant et discutant le contexte de ses idées, dont les deux éléments fondamentaux de sa pensée politique, unité et lutte, ont été rehaussés et aussi leurs plans révolutionnaires. Nous avons vérifiés, par la comparaison des témoignages avec des informations officielles et des études récentes, que son parcours au sein de nationalisme guinéen a été marqué par des difficultés et des hostilités, provenant de contradictions typiques de son projet. Finalement, on a pu constaté que le projet de Amílcar Cabral avait peu de possibilité politique de succès pendant son parcours, des problèmes affrontés, concernant leurs contradictions, ont été plutôt déplacés que résolus. Et, souvent, à cause des facteur plutôt externes qu internes
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