Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Guerre napoléonienne'
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Galofaro, Sophie. "Saragosse sous l'occupation napoléonienne (1809-1813)." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX10029.
Full textCandela, Gilles. "L'Armée d'Italie (1792-1797) : des missionnaires armés à la naissance de la guerre napoléonienne." Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX10085.
Full textPandjou, Jean-Lambert. "Madrid sous l'occupation napoléonienne : de la capitulation à la paix générale (1808-1814) : les stigmates du 2 mai et de la guerre d'Indépendance sur la capitale et sa démographie." Perpignan, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PERP1078.
Full textMadrid is the focus of our research. Two main reasons led us to make such a choice. May 2nd 1808, in Madrid, was the beginning of the uprising against Napoleon's troops. In the same way, on the one hand, Madrid was the first region to capitulate, facing Murat’s repression. And on the other hand, the city did not resist the offensive led by Napoleon on December 1808. Therefore our research has aims. First, to highlight the effectiveness of the marks of the events occurred on May 2nd and 3rd 1808 those of the War of Independence, then to portray their impact on Madrid’s people daily life as well as the demographics situation of the city during the war (1808-1814). The war also contributed to tarnish the image of the new King, Joseph Bonaparte, whose legitimacy and reforms policy most Spaniards opposed. This work is divided into three parts: pre-revolutionary period, revolution itself and postrevolutionary period in Madrid. The differents aspects dealt with are examined from a political, social and demographic approach
Sazio, Solène. "Hippolyte Bellangé (1800-1866), reconnaissance et oubli d'un artiste aux origines de la légende napoléonienne." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR021.
Full textHippolyte Bellangé had a long career that extended from the Restoration to the Second Empire. After exhibiting his first paintings at the Salon of Paris in 1822, this disciple of Jean-Antoine Gros quickly established himself in the artistic environment as one of the main promoters of the Napoleonic legend. Raised during the full glory and effervescence of the First Empire, he belonged to a generation of artists who, the day after Waterloo, transposed into their work a whole palette of melancholy and nostalgia towards that past glow they half-caught a glimpse of, half-fantasized about. Bellangé's success, which was strongly correlated to a context that was supportive to the spread of Napoleonic legend, gives an interesting insight into the evolution of public opinion on the one hand, and political attitudes on the other, towards the figure of Napoleon Bonaparte.His works are also characterized by the application he puts into the evocation and description of everyday life. His moving to Rouen gave him the opportunity to create a renewed iconography of the Norman countryside. Simultaneously a public figure and a multifaceted artist, his career has also been marked by his position as curator of the Musée des Beaux-arts of Rouen. This multidisciplinary background definitely offers a remarkable field of study and a valuable documentation on the careers and the status of artists in the mid-nineteenth century. The analysis of the life and work of Hippolyte Bellangé, reviewed in their political context, finally gives us the opportunity to question the notions of committed art, popular art and patriotic art in the years following the First Empire
Lemaire, Jean-François. "Blessures et blessés dans les armées napoléoniennes." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040099.
Full textNapoleon instigates great artillery's entrance on the stage. Cannons will henceforth induce the battle's end, with the help of a strategy based on the quickness of action: "cannons and cannons again, but lightning before all". As a paradox, a moral obligation to help the wounded appears during an II. A soldier becomes a real citizen deserving consideration and recognition. Napoleon is at variance with surgeons. He wants to have full freedom of action in battle, fields; but the surgeons wish to attend quickly the wounded. As he realizes the great number of wounded, napoleon changes his mind. The analysis of his correspondence reveals that he began to elaborate a real wounded evacuation's plan at the end of 1813. But it is already too late. On the other hand, the analysis of wounded's personal documents may deceive. The drawing up of wounds does not help to understand their level of gravity, level that can only be appreciated if the same wound appears again. As personal documents stays doubtful, all memories and correspondence set up the best authority. Their great abundance empowers a wholesome strainer
Hocquellet, Richard. "Du soulèvement patriotique à la souveraineté nationale : la première phase de la révolution espagnole : 1808-1810." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010523.
Full textIn May 1808, Ferdiand VII and the spanish royal family must abdicate toward Napoléon 1. His brother Joseph becomes the king os Spain while the napoleonian troups hold the north of the penensula. In the cities free of Frenchs, the people and the local authorities reject the dynastic change. The patriotic reaction leads to the military struggle : it is the beginning of the Independance war. At the same time, a revolution process starts. As the spanish patriots don't recognize the power of Joseph 1, they organize a new sovereign authority, first with the provincial juntas, then with the central junta and the regency concil. To justify their power, they found it in a different legitimity from the one of the absolutism in force before 1808 : the pactism that give to the community the right to choose his sovereign. Fighting against an invader, the patriots must find some identity's marks that lead them to think themselves as a nation, like a community united by a common project. The new authorities, that gave a great importance to the people's agreement for asserting their power, size up this national feeling and valorize in their discurse the nation as origin of the souvereignity. The diffusion of these notions change the relations between Spanishs and politics. The press, that knew a great rise since the uprising, relays the debates and permits the apparition of the public opinion. If the legitimity comes from the national consent, then, it is necessary to call together its representants who should establish the nation's government. The reunion of the Cortes in Cadix, after more than one year of discussions, is the first stage of this revolutionary process when they proclam the national sovereignity in September 1810
Buck, Caroline. "Les Mémoires de Georg Deluse (1789-1871) : sur les traces d'un habitant de Landau pris dans les tourments des guerres napoléoniennes." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040061.
Full textLet us discover the fabulous Memoirs of Georg Deluse. Then we will share the memories of the war, written by a Napoleonic soldier about the war and its trail of misfortunes, privations and sufferings. .
Brun, Jean-François. "L'économie militaire impériale à l'épreuve de la VIe coalition." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CLF20042.
Full textAfter the russian campaign, napoleon i undertakes with some improvising to rebuild a new great army in orfer to fight russia, which is soon helped by prussia. Two kinds of events mark this will. In the eazstern part of europe, the available imperial unities, commanded by murat then by beauharnais, try to slacken the enemy's forward movement from the inemen to the elbe, between december 1812 and april 1813. At the same time, france, italy and the german territories under the rule of paris know a great deal of requisitioning in men and horses, as well as in supplies and all sorts of military goods. This gives the opportunity of studying carefully the inner structure and the limits of the imperial warfare system. An armistice puts an end to the first campaign in saxony, and the disaster of leipzig stops the second one. So, in november 1813, the great army, deeply reduced, sets in a defensive position along the rhine while france,which is exhausted and used up, cannot give napoleon enough horses and war equipment to recover his military power during the following wiiks. This incapacity clearly shows proof that the first empire does not have a war economy. In fact, it is the military power resulting from short time wars which settles the french economical and political domination upon continental europe, and not the opposite. In short, the imperial ruling classes keep on reasoning in an rachaic way : war is possible thanks to economical "surplus". But since the russian campaign, logistics has become a very tough problem foreshadowing modern conflicts in which economy takes an essential part
Belostyk, Richard. "La fortification dans le duché de Varsovie 1807-1813 : un aspect de l'effort militaire polonais pendant les guerres napoléoniennes." Lille 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL30001.
Full textIn the end of 1806, napoleon reaches the vistul and find himself directly collated to polish question. In 1807, from his meeting with the tsar alexandre, born the warsaw duchy, and advanced bastion of napoleonic europe. Between 1807 and 1813, already sollicited by the creation and organization of an army, the varsovian state pursues the settlement of an standing defensive works, imposed by the imperor. This "chunk" of poland must gather money and manpower in order to realize this fortification enterprise. Labour run short : requisitions don't give good results, the use of army is a short term palliative. Money run short too. Financing difficulties arise from and hard economical and financial context and above all, destabilized. The creation of a fortification poll-tax is helpless. Taxes don't income; budget is purely a theorical idea. Money that be repaid is swolloded up by army and preparation of the war. The putting to the test of polish fortresses in 1813 ending by a defeat : fortifications aren't finished; sieges are above all means to examine men, governors and garrisons
Boudin, Michel. "Les commissaires des guerres du Consulat et de l'Empire." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040252.
Full text1800-1815. The commissariat was living the last fifteen years of a four-century long existence. This institution on the verge of the Consulat was then rich in the old regime reforms and had been given a text which synthetized all the past experiences by the Directoire. But this legislative and statutory masterpiece didnté thwart embezzlement whatsoever. To attend to what was most urgent, the Premier Consul created what was and is still called "Inspection aux Revues" and thus deprived the Commissariat Officers of the most important historic part of their functions (responsabilities). But what might have seemed to be dismantling of the commissariat yielded rather disappointing results. A close inspection of the Ordonnateurs' personal individual files and the study of the intendants' roles in the Consulat as well as in the military campaigns from the Empire era, let us foresee the real world the administrateurs used to live in. The fictious attractiveness of the commissaire's profession fails in hiding the misery caused by their living conditions and in making people forget their long living execrable reputation of inefficiency and dishonesty. Such a situation had been partly inherited from the former regimes but had been highly maintained by the patent fiasco of the imperial military administration together with the high command duplicity, thus easing their responsability for the soldiers' deprivation and transferring it onto these civil servants
Puigmal, Patrick. "L'influence militaire française pendant l'indépendance du cône sud de l'Amérique latine (Chili, Argentine, Pérou)." Pau, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PAUU1001.
Full textSwieciochowski, Slawomir. "Fortifications napoléoniennes des villes portuaires : leurs stratégie, trace, architecture et conséquences urbaines à Gdansk et en Europe." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081699.
Full textEntin, Gabriel. "La République en Amérique hispanique : langages politiques et construction de la communauté au Rio de La Plata, entre monarchie catholique et révolution d'indépendance." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0146.
Full textDuring Spanish America's early nineteenth century revolutions, more than twenty republics were organized after three hundred years of monarchy. Rather than a political form of government, the republic referred to the constitution of a new community, and to a language of politic al liberty, virtue, patriotism and common good. The construction of the republic belongs to a long history of the res publica, first conceived by Cicero, and reformulated in different Atlantic world contexts, including that of the Spanish monarchy. The theory of the res publica is based on what is done by a group of men, a political community: the law; the patria; citizenship; and religion. This conceptualization of the res publica, which had been put into practice in the rebellions of the seventeenth-century United Provinces (Netherlands) against Spain, also emerged in the writings of Hispanic monarchical jurists and theologians. References to the republic as a political body shaped an anti-absolutist discourse subsequently silenced during the Bourbon dynasty. With the monarchical crisis caused by the royal abdications in 1808, a scenario of political experimentation focused in the cities is created; an experimentation that turns over the exceptional problem of representing an absent King. In Spanish America, the first governing assemblies sought to represent the territories of the viceroyalties, initiating revolution and war. The case of the United Provinces of Rio de la Plata and its revolutionaries, republicans and Catholics at the same time, highlights the tensions and ambiguities inherent in building a disembodied republic. It also exemplifies the main aspects of Latin America republicanism
Pigeard, Alain. "Le service des vivres dans les armées du Premier Empire 1804-1815 (armée de terre)." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040045.
Full textAfter seizing power on 18 Brumaire, Bonaparte set to reorganizing the army he had inherited from the old regime and the revolution. Of all the reforms, the service of provisions, sorely extended during the campaigns of 1792 to 1799 would receive particular attention right up until the end of the Empire. Two distinct ministries would be created: the ministry of war and the ministry of war administration; with the service of provisions depending on the latter (the precise designation was to change frequently). The war administrators corps, created on the 29th of January, 1800, would have the highly demanding task of organizing the supply of troops that would roam throughout the European continent. The vast size of the armies and the increasingly distant campaigns would force napoleon to use inexact methods (requisitioning, special levying). The severest shortages would be felt during the Polish (1807), Russian (1812) Spanish and Portuguese (1807-1813) campaigns; the absence of provisions would sometimes be replaced by looting. Even with the best imperial will, the system never functioned correctly; the cost of the wars being a factor of considerable importance. The soldier was all too often forced to improvise; the Napoleonic wars would serve as
Cadet, Nicolas. ""Un paradis habité par des diables" : la guerre de Calabre de 1806-1807." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0041.
Full textAt the beginning of 1806, Napoléon instructed marshall Masséna to conquer the kingdom of Naples, so as to put his brother Joseph on the Neapolitan throne. Although the conquest was very easy, the French soon meet numerous problems. Supported by the anglo-sicilians, the Calabrese insurgents managed to keep general Reynier's troops at bay, and compelled Masséna to interfere personally. Calabria then became a genuine laboratory for anti-insurrectional fighting methods. The French got flying columns engaged in a constant combing of the countryside, they used specially trained anti-guerilla units, and raised auxiliary troops out of the Calabrian population. Thanks to these methods, the country was progressively pacified, but the campaign turned out to be very costly, and foreshadowed the difficulties the French would soon meet in Spain. Gradually these measures manage to bring a relative quiet back to Calabria
Houmeau, Didier. "Les prisonniers de guerre britanniques de Napoléon 1er." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR2010.
Full textAfter the breaking off of the Peace of Amiens, the Premier Consul keeps the British who were present on the French ground as hostages as a reply to the British Government who keeps also French prisoners. But the true reason is more economical. The British prisoners are treated differently from prisoners of war and are only used in what is useful, such as spinning factories.Having a precise census of the British population in the depots was difficult: the documents are incomplete and the transfers from depot to depot too often. There were four depots at the beginning but it went to twelve in 1810 and 15 by the end of the war.Social life is organized and the prisoners tend to recreate the “British way of life” with much rejoicing in the various depots. But money games bring quarrels and debts. Escapes arises hunger in the French War Ministry. Exchanges are seldom and wounded and disabled men are part of these exchanges. Health remains a major problem and food is of poor quality. Death rate is severe. Except weddings and births, they have not left anything as they did not build but remembrance is still there
Ndiaye, David. "Les chambres de commerce napoléoniennes de Gênes, Bruges et Cologne (1802-1815) : intégration impériale, modèles institutionnels et pouvoirs locaux." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC094/document.
Full textComparing three economic institutions – the chambers of commerce of Genoa, Bruges and Cologne – this research focuses on the relationships between the economy, society and the State at the time of the expansion of Napoleon's Empire.Based on documents from the archives of these three chambers of commerce, as well as on archives from the Prefecture and the Ministry of the Interior in Paris, this research aims to study the process of cultural transfer from 1802 onwards, starting with the creation of the first chambers of commerce in departments annexed by the French Empire. This perspective, which is part of a broader reflection on the rationality of the model of the Napoleonic chambers of commerce, allows us to analyze the degrees of local ownership of the institutions and raises the question of the specific institutional construction of the chambers of commerce in the new French departments.This research intends to show that the rules, resources and competence of the chambers depend mostly on local actors, rather than on the State. It also highlights the fact that the workings of these institutions are rooted in social and institutional networks, established by merchants who are also members of the chambers of commerce. The power to regulate the local economy, vested in the chamber by the State, relies heavily on these valuable networks. Finally, the distant location of the three chambers, in newly annexed departments, proves to be an asset, by strenghtening their position as an intermediary between the State and local merchants
Bruyère-Ostells, Walter. "Les officiers de la Grande Armée dans les mouvements nationaux et libéraux (1815-1833)." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040045.
Full textThe Grand Army officers take part in national and liberal actions in France, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Greese, Belgium, Poland and South America. They play a great part in the army and politics as well. South America or Greece recruit officers by contracts ; in Napoli, in Piedmont, France, Belgium or in Poland, most Napoleonic officers act by conviction. They are liberal with bonapartist liking or, less often, with orleanist liking. Real boonapartist are few and most officers don’t prefer any dynasty before 1830. That’s why Louis-Philippe was accepted in July 1830. Among officers, many are republicans, either moderate or radical. They are numerous among either in the 1789’s or even in Marie-Louises. In additional, National feeling explains their commitment, even in foreign parts. During uprisings for national liberty (France, Belgium), commitment can be spontaneous but in other revolutions (Italy, Greece), it can be the result of underground groups. Officers stay in European liberal towns. There, free masonry is still a mind society but doesn’t choose between liberalism and conservatism. So, officers join secret societies like carboneria. Their action is real but itisn’t a European union
Colson, Bruno. "Le général Rogniat : premier ingénieur de la Grande Armée et critique militaire." Paris, EPHE, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EPHE4078.
Full textGeneral Joseph Rogniat (1776-1840) was chief engineer of the Grande Armée in 1813. In 1816, he wrote a book on the art of war, in which he praised but also critized Napoleon. On the island of Saint-Helena, the emperor read the book, denigrated it and dictated harsh commentaries which were published in 1823. Rogniat was shocked and wrote a angry response. This contradictory exchange of ideas was quite unique. Its analysis and the reactions it produced lead to a re-evaluation of french military thought at the beginning of the 19th century. General Rogniat's brilliant career also provides a better insight into the role of the french engineer corps during the napoleonic wars. Rogniat was the son of a notary who was a member of the legislative assemby and personified the new bourgeois elite. General Rogniat served the Bourbon restauration and became a pear of France in 1831. Most of the archival sources used in this work come from the french military archives in Vincennes, the national archives in Paris and private papers
Rouillé, Stéphanie. "La confrontation idéologique pour ou contre Napoléon en Bavière entre 1800 et 1814." Nantes, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NANT3019.
Full textABBIATI, MICHELE. "L'ESERCITO ITALIANO E LA CONQUISTA DELLA CATALOGNA (1808-1811).UNO STUDIO DI MILITARY EFFECTIVENESS NELL'EUROPA NAPOLEONICA." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/491761.
Full textThe Italian Army and the Conquest of Catalonia (1808-1811) A Study of Military Effectiveness in Napoleonic Europe Academic Fields and Disciplines SPS/03 – M-STO/02 The research has the purpose of reconstruct and evaluate the military effectiveness of the Italian Army existed under the reign of Napoleon I. Firstly through a statistic and strategic analysis of the development, and the following deployment, of the military institution of the Kingdom of Italy in the years of its existence (1805-14). Afterwards, a particularly significant case study was chosen, as the campaign of Catalonia (1808-11, in the context of the Peninsular War), in order to assess the operational and tactical contribution of the regiments sent by the Government of Milan and their integration in the overall military apparatus of the First Empire. The thesis wanted to respond to the lack of studies on the Italian army’s behavior in war and, at the same time, to introduce the methodology of the Military Effectiveness Studies (of British and American origin and, by now, enriched by a thirty-year old tradition) in the Italian historiography. The research is primarily based, besides the numerous memoirs of the Italian and French veterans, on the archive documentation of the Secrétairerie d’état impériale (Archives Nationales of Pierrefitte-sur-Seine, Paris), of the French Ministère de la Guerre (Service historique de la Défence, of Vincennes, Paris) and of the Italian Ministero della Guerra (Archivio di Stato di Milano). About the results, it has been verified how the Italian army has become a flexible and suitable instrument for Bonaparte, albeit in a context of substantial overall numerical marginality in comparison to the heterogeneous forces available to the Empire and its others satellites and allied states. Regarding the campaign of Catalonia, instead, it was possible to ascertain the fundamental contribution of the Italian regiments, in an operational and tactical perspective, for the success of the invasion. This was primarily due to the excellent general characteristics shown by the expeditionary force, but also to disciplinary and organizational peculiarities that have made the Italian corps suitable for particularly aggressive operations.
Espinosa, Gonzague. "Maximien Lamarque : un général en politique (1770-1832)." Thesis, Avignon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AVIG1174/document.
Full textImmortalized by Victor Hugo in « Les Misérables », General Lamarque is mainly known for his funerals in June 1832, which turned into a republican insurrection,suppressed by Orléanist power. However, his life could not be summarized by this stereotyped image : thanks to unexploited or less exploited archives, the historian’swork permitted to dissociate the myth shaped around his character from historical reality, to get an original portrait of this character from the Landes. Coming originally from the bourgeoisie of the robe, he soon stuck to Revolution ideas which gave him the means to be an actor of events : National Guard, Jacobin, officer in a Volunteers Battalion. Educated and cultured, he also came complete with his physical courage. He never was a part of first circles of power, he was close to the House of Bonaparte which provided his rise. His military career under the Empire is yet only second-rate. It is atthe Europe's periphery he stands out in Guerrilla warfare. Disappointed by theRestoration, he rallied to Napoleon during The Hundred Days, who sent him to theVendée. This posting sustainably compromised him to the eyes of royalist power whichonly saw him as a Bonapartist general. Exiled, he only came back to France in 1818 and decided for a literary career as well as he tried to keep his position in society. Through contact with the liberal opposition, he joined politic in everyday life. This change of career was not obvious though. He only became a Member of Parliament in 1828. Hewas only recognized as a popular hero under July Monarchy
Sick, Sylvain. "Les conscrits du Léman et du Mont-Blanc, la conscription et la Grande-Armée, sous le Consulat et l'Empire." Paris 12, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA120067.
Full textThese works are articulated around two sections. The first is dedicated to the study of Leman and Mont-Blanc conscripts in the heart of their state of origin. The conscript population is studied though operations of conscriptions the sanitary state that characterised them, the public spirit that they showed, as well as through particular phenomenon such as replacements, rebelliousness and it’s repression. The second part of this research analyses what became of these same individuals once they have been incorporated in the regirnents of the Great Army. These works, mainly statistical, study the distribution during the ordinary and extraordinary levies of the Empire, before presenting these men’s militar careers trough their participation in the campaigns. The history of their regiments, and what became of them. A last part evokes the dismantlement and the destiny of the soldiers and states of Leman and Mont-Blanc in 1813-1814
Cretin, Pascale. "La chirurgie militaire pendant les campagnes de Napoléon Bonaparte, d'après les mémoires du Baron Larrey." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO1M108.
Full textBrevet, Matthieu. "Les expéditions coloniales vers Saint-Domingue et les Antilles (1802-1810)." Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2007/brevet_m.
Full textRevolutionnary, consulate or imperial armies in Europe have already been studied a lot, many books being dedicated to them. But the Guadeloupe, Martinique and Santo Domingo’s expeditionnary corps, sailing from France in 1802 to pave the way to the re-establishing of slavery, have been of no such interest to most historians yet. The present study is taking particular interest in the superior officiers corps, from battalion commanders to captain-generals (military governor), but also in the mere troops, battalion per battalion, which served in the Antilles and Santo Domingo from February 4th, 1802 (landing of Leclerc’s troops at Santo Domingo) and February 6th, 1810 (capitulation of Guadeloupe) : it intends to highlight the motivations which may have determined this men to willingly enlist for such an adventure, or have press-ganged them into participating to it ; their state of mind ; their experience ; their qualm, if they had any, about the disloyal mission they were undertaking to men which had been fighting under the same flag as them ; their personnal insight about the local situation ; and finaly, their destiny, in the colonies but also to the twilight of the Empire … The goal of his studies being to determine if this colonial expeditions have been, as legend has it, a political tool intended to allow Napoleon to get rid of his opponents, and if yes, in which measurement
Pons, André. "Blanco white et la crise du monde hispanique, 1808-1814." Paris 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA030075.
Full textThis study on history of ideas investigates the political thought of blanco white and his influence during the crisis of the hispanic world, through his periodicals: el semanario patriotico, sevilla, 1809, and el espagnol, london, 1810-1814. The first part tries to trace the roots of bw's liberation in his life time in spain, and finds our his jacobinism out of el semanario patriotico. The second part points out on the one hand the antidemocratic character of el espanol which suggests british style constitutionalism for the peninsular institutions, and on the other hand a liberal attitude towards the colonial problem. Bw vindicates the spanish americans behaviour, thinks that the independance is inivetable at term, though premature in 1810, fights againts separatism and recommends a "moderate" independence through british mediation. He sincerely supports the line of the foreign office. The third part shows the role of the periodical in the antiocolonialist struggle in cadiz, how it was taken over by the propagandists of independance in london and in south america, its conservative influence in mexico and its importance as source for the historiography of independence. The conclusion underlines the role of bw in orientating the emancipatory processus and in diffusing liberalism in south america, and accounts for his success by the conjunction of his liberal idealism and the historical period
Lemaire, Frédéric. "Les soldats de Napoléon en leur camp." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLP001.
Full textAmidst the main camps of the “Camp de Boulogne”, the one from Montreuil-sur-Mer gathered the three divisions of the left corps commanded by Marshal Ney; in total, eleven infantry regiments. The extent of these camps is surprising, as well as their elongated shape and their regularity. A precise principle rules their organisation: the order of battle. Thus, in observing the cavities left by these camps, it is the infantry on the battlefield – “the soul of the army” said Napoléon – that we observe. In detail, these camps are complex and only the cross examination of the sources can help refine its comprehension. The fine analysis of the organisation rules allows a better understanding of the soldier’s condition, which is the other stake of these researches. Trying to grasp the condition of the soldier, during the battle or waiting for it, involves understanding the context from which it stems, the battlefield or the camp. What is a camp? What is this “Camp de Boulogne”? These are two questions this dissertation intends to answer. This cross-questioning necessarily implies a reflection on the military organisation and the campaigns preceding the development of the Camp de Boulogne. Capturing the camp, as a system and in its operation, to capture the men occupying it, young conscripts or veterans of the wars of the French Revolution, those are the two main objectives of this work. The soldier and the camp, such are the two lines of force which dominate the dissertation. We also raise the question of the real efficiency of this camp on the preparation of the victorious troops
Loustalot, Bernard. "Desgenettes : 1762-1837 : un homme de réseau dans la transformation de l'art de guérir." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0041.
Full textRené Nicolas Dufriche des Genettes, known as Desgenettes, is a doctor who lived between two centuries. He had been through a tumultuous period, both on the political levels and on the military issues. Thus, he had the opportunity to meet several historic characters: Benjamin Franklin, Madam Rolland. . . And above ail Napoléon Bonaparte. Familiar with the salons of the period, he had been a witness of the transformation of the French society more than the political events, and as chief doctor of Bonaparte army's then Napoléon, he followed several campaign of the great gênerai of the time. His career survived to the Empire, tormented by the political vicissitudes. Historical character himself, he first of ail played a rôle in the military medicine in Egypt and in the Great Army after 1807. Two "prowess" are generally at his crédit: his inoculation of the plague, and his opposition to Bonaparte about the poisoning of the sick people of Jaffa. On a routine basis, he had managed health service that had to be adapted on the daily movement and the situation of an army more and more numerous and uncoordinated, often in foreign territories and with frequent and deadly epidemics. Nevertheless, Desgenettes had also had a significant civil activity, first a scientific activity with some publications about the absorbing system (lymphatic), about education (anatomy defence), spreading of knowledge by taking part of the edition of several revues, second, as a Professor of Hygiene at the school subsequently university of medicine of Paris. Besides, it is as mayor of the 10th district of Paris and Professor of Hygiene that he will faced in 1832 the first modern plague epidemic: the cholera-morbus. Born in a family part of the bourgeoisie that pretended to be aristocratic, Desgenettes is a remarkable image of this ambitious people that embraced the Enlightenment ideas (intellectual cosmopolitanism, operative freemasonry), and managed to get through the revolutionary turmoil to compose the Napoleonic meritocracy. Very cultivated but sceptical about religious, medical (friend of Broussais but fighting his doctrines) or politic (loyal but not docile to the Emperor), his strong character and his independent spirit (opposition to Bonaparte and resignation of the Academy of Medicine) ostracised him
Antipa, Pamfili. "The Interactions between Monetary and Fiscal Policies in Britain during the French Wars." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH080.
Full textThis dissertation studies the monetary and fiscal policies implemented in Britain to finance the French Wars (1793-1815). The historical case study demonstrates how variations in the public deficit affect certain asset prices and the general price level. This effect materializes through the central bank's balance sheet, i.e. when the latter purchases public debt, which agents anticipate not to be backed by tax revenues
Nicolas, Aude. "L’art et la bataille : représenter les campagnes d’Italie : (1800 ; 1859)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100188.
Full textThis work deals with a comparative analysis of military paintings representing the French Italian Campaigns (1800 and 1859), including drawings, photographs and sculptures when it is relevant. The parallel is established between artistic heritages and innovations from “a Napoleon to the other”, asking the artists’ willing of precision and military knowledge when they represented these events, so these works of art are studied in a different way focused on a military approach using iconography. Although the main work is in history of art, based on the analysis of formal handling and critical reception, the methodology resorts other sciences in order to examine the artworks composition and organisation in details: in that way, artworks are confronted to topography, strategy, tactic and also military heritage testimonies (uniforms, emblems, weapons…) and history they aimed to show. The work is divided in three parts, successively studying topographical representation (did the artists travelled to see the places and did they represented precise and recognizable geographical details?), the way of painting battles (how fights were figured at the beginning and in the middle of the 19th century, can regiments and tactical manoeuvres be identified correctly?) and heroic perception (how heroes were showed in 1800 and in 1859 and how artworks can be ranked, between glorification and realistic representations?)
Chalvardjian, Eugène. "Impact de l'art de la guerre napoléonien dans la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9868.
Full textOn June 18, 1815, Napoleon was defeated at the battle of Waterloo, but his revolutionary warfare survived long after he was gone, and it was put into application in many instances. Inspired by some of the most famous theoreticians of the XVIIIth century, he had favored the strategy of annihilation in the conduct of his military operations, and thus ranked among those strategists who were seeking decisive battles in order to destroy all enemy forces. Based on the strategy and tactics that the Emperor used in his most famous campaigns, this thesis will attempt to highlight the extent to which they were applied during the second half of the XIXth century. The conflicts analysed during this period of time will be the Crimean War (1853-1856), the Italian Campaign (1859), the american Civil War (1861-1865), the Austro-prussian War (1866) and the Franco-prussian War (1870-1871). This study will consider the impact of the advances of technology in the fields of weaponry, and means of transportation and communication, as well as the economic, financial, political and military contexts of the warring nations at that time. In the XIXth century, two military thinkers, Clausewitz and Jomini, emerged as the most notorious interpreters of napoleonic warfare. In the course of our analysis of Napoleon's methods in the above-mentionned conflicts, we will also try to determine the extent to which Jomini's vision of Bonaparte's campaigns differed from that of Clausewitz. We will then analyse Napoleon's infleunce in the administration, organisation and marches of the armies involved in the selected wars, and will pay particular attention to the impact of his warfare on specific aspects of the battles themselves. The final analysis will outline the lessons that the military in the long run drew from Napoleon's campaigns.
Denis, Béatrice. "Le bivouac d’Austerlitz selon Louis-François Lejeune : les guerres napoléoniennes entre construction identitaire et construction historique." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25087.
Full textPainter, soldier, and memorialist Louis-François Lejeune (1775-1848) conceived his battle paintings and his memoirs, Souvenirs d’un officier de l’Empire (1851), as historical testimonies of the Napoleonic period, destined for posterity. This twinning of paintings and memoirs mirrors the duality of Napoleonic propaganda as a whole, which disseminates a single version of military events with the help of unprecedented information tools such as the Bulletins de la Grande Armée. This written narrative, already thought of as historical, is picked up again in the paintings commissioned by the government. This master’s thesis argues that Lejeune contributes in a unique way to this historical narrative, first at an individual level by constructing his identity from his participation in the Napoleonic wars, and also at a state level. His Bivouac d’Austerlitz, presented at the 1808 Salon, was commissioned by the government as part of a larger order. It is shown that this painting fits first into Lejeune’s career, then into his cycle of battle paintings, and finally into the narrative of Austerlitz that Napoleon himself promoted. The episodic form of this painting can be explained by the deliberate pairing of written and pictorial narratives, which borrows from the 30th bulletin de la Grande Armée where Napoleon recounts the victory at Austerlitz. This painting thus contributes to the historical construction of the battle. As deep transformations threatened the academic genre hierarchy at the turn of the nineteenth century, the duality of Lejeune’s persona as soldier and painter helped promote the historical function given to paintings under Napoleon.