Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Guerre mondiale (1939-1945) – Opérations militaires – France'
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Coutu, Éric. "Les missions effectuées par le Quartier général des opérations combinées de 1940 à 1942." Paris 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA030020.
Full textAs soon as the war started, the British actively worked at developing the tactics and techniques required to carry out operations implying the joined participation of the Army, the Navy and the Air force. This thesis aims at retracing and analysing the missions and the evolution of the inter-service cooperation during the first two years of the Combined Operations Headquarters (1940-1942). Before resulting in the first important operation on Dieppe in August 1942, the years 1940 and 1941 were devoted to various reconnaissance operations of the French coast as well as to four political and strategic expeditions to Norway. After the appointment of Mountbatten as head of the service, the main objective of the missions, which had become more important and more offensive, was to improve the methods the three Arms had in common, in order to guarantee the success of such full-size landing operations as the ones in North Africa, Sicily or Normandy
Klingbeil, Pierre-Emmanuel. "Les Alpes-Maritimes : étude d'un front oublié : (15 août 1944-2 mai 1945)." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE2024.
Full textThis study is a contribution to the commission "Nouvelle Histoire Bataille" set up by the "Centre d'Études d'Histoire de la Défense". The Alpes-Maritimes area, with its limited and unstudied geographical area, appears to be the ideal base for an analysis of a minor front in all its various aspects : geostrategic, geopolitical and operational. By bringing together the methodology and practices of the humanities, and by restoring the actual event over its entire duration, with reference to the past conflict, particular attention is drawn to the history of strategy based on the systematic and intertwined analyses of the various belligerents sources. The strategical analysis of this front can be divided into three parts. The first part deals with the problem of the perception of the geostrategic stake in the Alpes-Maritimes and the subsequent consequences at the time of the Liberation. The second part focuses on the campaign during winter, more particularly on mountain warfare. The study concludes with a new analysis of the French offensive in the spring of 1945
Foucrier, Jean-Charles. "Le Transportation Plan, aspects et représentations : une histoire des bombardements aériens alliés sur la France en 1944." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040158.
Full textIn spring 1944, Allied bombing of France was to reach its maximum intensity since the beginning of World War II. Nearly two years after the great turning points in 1942, the military situation was now largely in favour of the Allies. The final defeat of the Third Reich now appeared inevitable. The preparation of OVERLORD, the renewed application of large-scale power on the European continent, faced strategic challenges and required novel techniques. A little-known scientist, Solly Zuckerman, a brilliant zoologist but also a civilian unknown in military circles, persuaded the Allied high command of the validity of his air plan. This “Transportation Plan” proposed to strike decisively at the French railway system in order to disrupt the flow of enemy reinforcements to the Allied beachhead during the landings. Daring by strategic innovation, risky by the obvious threat to French civilians, Zuckerman's plan ran immediately into the hostile scrutiny of the great chiefs of strategic bombing, who were engaged in their almost "private" air campaign against Germany. The issue of civilian casualties brutally shook politicians including Winston Churchill, and ultimately went back to Franklin Roosevelt. Unknown in historiography, the “Transportation Plan” represents a fascinating history of the preparation of the Normandy landings
Moné, Thierry. "15 mai 1940, le mercredi de La Horgne : de la mémoire à l’histoire. La campagne de mai-juin 1940 de la 3e Brigade de Spahis." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040090.
Full textWednesday, May 15, 1940, in the small Ardennes village of La Horgne, west of Sedan, the troopers of the 3rd [Cavalry] Brigade of Spahis (2nd Regiment of Algerian Spahis from Tlemcen and 2nd Regiment of Moroccan Spahis from Marrakech) try to stop a part of the most modern Panzer-Division of the Wehrmacht. Commemorative History has focused on a 3rd Brigade of Spahis that was simply "annihilated" in about ten hours of fighting, but not before putting out of action a thousand German soldiers. For its part, the scientific History takes into account 50 Spahis and 31 German soldiers killed in action. More than 76 years after the fact, it is more than time to put an end to the legend of the "useless slaughter of 700 Spahis charging German tanks on horseback at La Horgne"
Abzac-Epezy, Claude d'. "L'armée de l'air de Vichy : 1940-1944." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010637.
Full textThe Vichy air force was expected to disappear by the armistice conventions. However, the mers el-kebir and the dakar affairs brought it a temporary survival as hitler wanted france to keep a capacity to maintain its neutralism in Africa against the english and the Gaullist attacks. During the 1940-1942 years, the French air force slowly increased its power going through three phases of rearmament due to the military collaboration projects decided first at Montoire, then by the Paris protocols and the Saint Florentin meeting. Fights with allied aircrafts reached their peak with the Syrian affair in may-july 1941 and the allied landings in north Africa on november 8, 1942. Later, the German and Italian armies seized the French aircrafts on the French territory. However, the air force did not disappear but survived as an air defence army tightly controlled by the luftwaffe. At the liberation, after a hasty purge, this air force without planes was amalgamated to the French air force coming from north Africa and together participated to the victory combats. To study the Vichy air force gives elements to understand the Franco-German military relations during the occupation. Most of the all, it allow to better apprehend the adhesion mechanisms to the French state and to its policy of collaboration. The systematic exploitation of the historic department of the French air force archives and of more than two hundred recorded interviews shows how much the idea of collaboration, mainly in the military sector, was concealed by a revenge speech, and even by some underground actions maintaining the illusion of a double game until the end
Eckert, Henri. "Les militaires indochinois au service de la France (1859-1939)." Lille : A.N.R.T, Université de Lille III, 1998. http://dds.crl.edu/CRLdelivery.asp?tid=11817.
Full textPascual, Fanny. "La Brigade du "Special Air Service" pendant la seconde guerre mondiale. Institution, individus et mythes." Montpellier 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON30026.
Full textThe S. A. S. Has gained a major following, yet what do we really really know about the Special Air Service? In July 1941, David Stirling founded the L Detachment of the Special Air Service Brigade in the Middle East. The initial concept saw the light of day with special missions behind enemy lines thanks to their ability to adapt to each one individually. On leaving the Middle East, the S. A. S. Got involved in the Mediterranean, Italy, France, Belgium, Holland, Germany and Norway. Further to various administrative changes, in 1944 a brigade was made up of two British regiments, two French battalions and a Belgian company as its fighting units. The name S. A. S. Stands for both the unit and the man. On trying to define these two bodies (man and institution), not only prosopographic and sociological studies but also statistical and memorial analysis of the different S. A. S. Missions based on the chronological events, were carried out on the front. The myth, having taken a disproportional place, historically speaking, is necessary in order to identify the emblematic characters and the legendary events. The brigade disbanded the 5th October 1945; its memory relates the historical facts: the French, Belgian and British partnership had retrieved their own lands now to be self-governed. By pitting the myth against the facts, the birth of this unit, still active today in the United Kingdom, recovers its rightful place in the history of the Second World War
Pau-Heyriès, Béatrix. "Le transfert des corps des militaires de la Grande Guerre : étude comparée France-Italie 1914-1939." Montpellier 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON30058.
Full textAt the beginning of the war, transporting bodies was forbidden in France and Italy on the battle-fields. Death was a matter of State. As the latter, french and italian States refused nameless bodies, they decided to pay attention to military losses. In spite of all these efforts, nothing was done at the end of the war. Both latin States had to look for their dead soldiers on the battle-fields : burials, placing in the coffin, body-transportation, and re-burials in the war cemetaries. On order to deal with numerous expectations from the families and to ensure equality of all to the death, the bodies were sent back home at the expense of the State
Xanxo, Christian. "Le Mittelmeerküstenfront : le plan allemand de défense des côtes méditerranéennes françaises 12 novembre 1942-15 août 1944." Perpignan, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PERP0757.
Full textFoucrier, Jean-Charles. "Le Transportation Plan, aspects et représentations : une histoire des bombardements aériens alliés sur la France en 1944." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040158.
Full textIn spring 1944, Allied bombing of France was to reach its maximum intensity since the beginning of World War II. Nearly two years after the great turning points in 1942, the military situation was now largely in favour of the Allies. The final defeat of the Third Reich now appeared inevitable. The preparation of OVERLORD, the renewed application of large-scale power on the European continent, faced strategic challenges and required novel techniques. A little-known scientist, Solly Zuckerman, a brilliant zoologist but also a civilian unknown in military circles, persuaded the Allied high command of the validity of his air plan. This “Transportation Plan” proposed to strike decisively at the French railway system in order to disrupt the flow of enemy reinforcements to the Allied beachhead during the landings. Daring by strategic innovation, risky by the obvious threat to French civilians, Zuckerman's plan ran immediately into the hostile scrutiny of the great chiefs of strategic bombing, who were engaged in their almost "private" air campaign against Germany. The issue of civilian casualties brutally shook politicians including Winston Churchill, and ultimately went back to Franklin Roosevelt. Unknown in historiography, the “Transportation Plan” represents a fascinating history of the preparation of the Normandy landings
Maloux, Thierry. "À l’ombre d’Angkor, l’action des militaires français au Cambodge, 1863-1954." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL074.
Full textUnder the protecting shadow of the Angkor temples, the French military have left their mark in the history of the French protectorate in Cambodia. We propose to portray this action from three different angles. A political and diplomatic action that embraces the questions related to the Cambodian context, and those related to the regional and international balance of powers. The study seeks to discern what pertains to the personal commitment of the military, and what refers to the political and diplomatic commitments of the French government. A military action that aims to pacify Cambodia, to safeguard the French interests, and to avoid the invasion of the country by the communist forces. The methods and effectiveness of the French military tool in this context are carefully analysed. Finally, the action of the "unarmed soldiers": explorers, archaeologists, ethnologists, writers, etc., who also played a key role in the reconstruction of the Khmer identity, and in reinforcing its presence in the French Indochina. A prosopographic analysis attempts to differentiate, for each of the soldiers involved, the action that can be explained as a personal and sometimes intimate quest, from the action that is part of his mission or that could be considered as the product of the collective work. The nature of the protectorate, created by the French military, and its evolution towards a model inclined to adapt itself to the Khmer invariants and to the French political context, are at the heart of this study. The French military tool in Cambodia is thus revealed through its structuring, functioning and metamorphosis creating an unusual colonial relationship between France and Cambodia
Maloux, Thierry. "À l’ombre d’Angkor, l’action des militaires français au Cambodge, 1863-1954." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL074.
Full textUnder the protecting shadow of the Angkor temples, the French military have left their mark in the history of the French protectorate in Cambodia. We propose to portray this action from three different angles. A political and diplomatic action that embraces the questions related to the Cambodian context, and those related to the regional and international balance of powers. The study seeks to discern what pertains to the personal commitment of the military, and what refers to the political and diplomatic commitments of the French government. A military action that aims to pacify Cambodia, to safeguard the French interests, and to avoid the invasion of the country by the communist forces. The methods and effectiveness of the French military tool in this context are carefully analysed. Finally, the action of the "unarmed soldiers": explorers, archaeologists, ethnologists, writers, etc., who also played a key role in the reconstruction of the Khmer identity, and in reinforcing its presence in the French Indochina. A prosopographic analysis attempts to differentiate, for each of the soldiers involved, the action that can be explained as a personal and sometimes intimate quest, from the action that is part of his mission or that could be considered as the product of the collective work. The nature of the protectorate, created by the French military, and its evolution towards a model inclined to adapt itself to the Khmer invariants and to the French political context, are at the heart of this study. The French military tool in Cambodia is thus revealed through its structuring, functioning and metamorphosis creating an unusual colonial relationship between France and Cambodia
Lamache, Stéphane. "Les Américains dans la région de Cherbourg en 1944 et 1945 : l'implantation de la Normandy Base Section dans le Nord Cotentin et ses conséquences." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN1586.
Full textThe aim of this doctoral thesis is to put an emphasis on the diversity of phenomena related to the presence of American troops from the Liberation until the end of the World war II. Up to now, the landing of the Allied Forces in June 6th 1944 as well as the Battle of Normandy, have been the focus of numerous university publications. Nevertheless, numerous parts of the historical panorama of this region, intermingled with the events, remain unscrutinized. The presence of American troops hinges upon a huge logistic system orchestrated from La Manche ( in the Nord Cotentin ) and more particularly from Cherbourg. This thesis aims at examining this very peculiar military « occupation », derived from the Allied Forces plans called : the Overlord operation, from every angle. At the very beginning, the main objective of Americans is to capture Cherbourg, a deep-water port, as a base to bring more troops and necessary equipments to carry out their « Invasion ». Cherbourg will indeed remain the headquarter of the Normandy Base Section until february 1945. We still need to place the long term settlement of these troops in a context endowed with the political, sociological and economical uncertainties of this period. Considering theses three aspects, we notice that the forced cohabitation of Normans and Americans sometimes highlights the gap between the official history of Franco-American relations and reality. The study of this gap is the true backbone of this thesis. As a matter of fact, the Liberation of Normandy by the Allied Forces in summer 1944 conjures up images of a spontaneous popular jubilation. Yet, a close study of the aforesaid cohabitation falls short of the idyllic images and, on the contrary, reflects a growing deterioration, through time, of human relationships between both groups
Jauneau, Elodie. "La féminisation de l'armée française pendant les guerres, 1938-1962 : enjeux et réalités d'un processus irréversible." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070059.
Full textFrom July 11th, 1938, date of the law Paul-Boncour which allows for the first time a legal and official mobilization of the women, to the end of the Algerian War, the feminine staffs of the army do not stop increasing. Between 1939 and 1962, France is in war ceaselessly. Present on all the fronts since 1939, the women obtain little by little servicemen's status by the prism of the wars which succeed one another in Europe, then in Indochina and in Algeria. Defying the laws of the gender which forbade them the bearing of the military uniform, the women anticipate the legislative texts and so, force institutions to promulgate laws allowing them to reach the military career. However, this considerable overhang remains overhang in halftone because, in the term of three wars, the women stay outside the Army which limits their professional opportunities. In spite of the status of October 15th, 1951 which guarantees them career prospects on the long term, the cultural obstacles remain still numerous and the women soldiers are far from making the unanimity in the collective unconscious. The image of these women exercising a male profession in the traditionally male virtues of virility, courage and strength, sends back them constantly to the obsession of the denaturation of their biological sex. The weight of the traditions and the gendered assignments limit considerably their acceptance in the fighting memory. However, by choosing the army to serve France from the Second World War to the Algerian War, these pioneers opened the way to the feminization of the army which has never slowed down since
Barey, Morgane. "« À rude école ». La formation initiale des officiers français à l’épreuve de la Seconde Guerre mondiale (1940-1945)." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASK001.
Full textIn the eyes of the French military command, the training of its officers was a central issue throughout the war. The reopening of the French military academies in the aftermath of the defeat raised the question of their training. For the Vichy regime, military academies were now a political tool, while for the Free French movement military skills were vital to erase the humiliation of the defeat.The dissolution of the armistice Army in November 1942 changed the mission of theses academies. The aim was to merge the two former French forces and promote their amalgam while the militay training was influenced by the allied environment and combat practices. The return of French troops on the national soil and the contact with irregular armies from the Resistance’s movements questioned once more the role of these military academies in the rebulding process of the Nation.The end of the war led to the reopening of the academies in metropolitan France, in order to create a new army, reconciling formerly divided French forces with the Nation. The training of French officers was modified. However, the begining of the conflict in Indochina highlighted the weakness of this rebirth, at odds with the needs of the French forces
Moné, Thierry. "15 mai 1940, le mercredi de La Horgne : de la mémoire à l’histoire. La campagne de mai-juin 1940 de la 3e Brigade de Spahis." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040090.
Full textWednesday, May 15, 1940, in the small Ardennes village of La Horgne, west of Sedan, the troopers of the 3rd [Cavalry] Brigade of Spahis (2nd Regiment of Algerian Spahis from Tlemcen and 2nd Regiment of Moroccan Spahis from Marrakech) try to stop a part of the most modern Panzer-Division of the Wehrmacht. Commemorative History has focused on a 3rd Brigade of Spahis that was simply "annihilated" in about ten hours of fighting, but not before putting out of action a thousand German soldiers. For its part, the scientific History takes into account 50 Spahis and 31 German soldiers killed in action. More than 76 years after the fact, it is more than time to put an end to the legend of the "useless slaughter of 700 Spahis charging German tanks on horseback at La Horgne"