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VÁZQUEZ-GARCÍA, J. ANTONIO, ERICK TRIBOUILLIER-NAVAS, FREDY ARCHILA, RUDY EDUARDO AGUILAR, and VIACHESLAV SHALISKO. "Two new species of Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) from Alta Verapaz and Quiché, Guatemala." Phytotaxa 559, no. 1 (August 19, 2022): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.559.1.4.
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Two new species of Magnolia from Guatemala are described and illustrated, one belonging to Magnolia sect. Magnolia, M. weerakitana from Alta Verapaz Department, and the other to Magnolia sect. Talauma, M. quichensis, from Quiché Department. Magnolia lacandonica is first recorded for the flora of Guatemala. In this contribution, the number of native species of the genus for Guatemala increased from 15 to 18 species, occupying fourth place in the diversity of species of the genus in the Neotropics. We provide a map for magnolias for the Departments and an updated key to Guatemalan magnolias. The status of the two new species is proposed as endangered (EN) and as critically endangered (CR) according to IUCN criteria.
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VÁZQUEZ-GARCÍA, J. ANTONIO, ERICK TRIBOUILLIER-NAVAS, FREDY ARCHILA, MARIO VÉLIZ, A. SALOME ORTEGA PEÑA, and VIACHESLAV SHALISKO. "Three new species of Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) endemic to the north-wet-arc in the Maya Highlands of Guatemala." Phytotaxa 529, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.529.1.4.
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Three new Magnolia species and a new record from Guatemala are described and illustrated. Two of the new species, M. javieri and M. oscarrodrigoi, are from Alta Verapaz Department and one, M. veliziana, is from Quiché Department. Additionally, M. faustinomirandae is newly reported for the flora of Guatemala. With this contribution, the number of native Guatemalan species increases from 11 to 15 species. An updated distribution map and a key to species are provided. Guatemala, particularly the north-wet-arc in the Maya Highlands, is now an important centre of diversification and endemism for Magnolia. The conservation status of the newly proposed species was unofficially assessed using IUCN criteria.
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Paz-Cordón, K. E., Y. B. Okolodkov, and F. Cobo-Gradín. "Harmful blooms caused by dinoflagellates in the Pacific of Guatemala (2019–2022)." Algologia 34, no. 1 (March 25, 2024): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/alg34.01.003.
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Plankton studies in Guatemala are associated with the history of harmful algal blooms (HAB). An important event was observed in 1987, with 193 human poisonings due to shellfish consumption, of which 22 were lethal. The causative organism was Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum. This species was reported again in November 2019 in the coastal Guatemalan Pacific. The species reached an abundance of 1 × 104 cells/L. In September 2020, the abundance of the Margalefidinium polykrikoides vegetative stage reached 1.24 × 106 cells/L, and its cysts 1.5 × 106 cells/L. Noctiluca scintillans proliferated (the first quantitatively estimated bloom of this species in Guatemala) in November 2020 and March 2021 (up to 1.2 × 106 cells/L). From January to December 2021, monthly monitoring was carried out in front of the Port of Quetzal at three sites (bottle and 25 μm mesh net samples). In April 2022, 11 cases of humans presenting symptoms of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) were recorded in the western sector of the Guatemalan Pacific, in particular, in the municipality of Tiquisate in the department of Escuintla. From May 3 to 27, 2022, a HAB event caused the death of 4 and the poisoning of 34 humans in the departments near Mexico: Retalhuleu (Champerico), San Marcos (Tilapa) and Escuintla (Tiquisate, Buena Vista and Iztapa). The maximum saxitoxin (STX) concentration was determined in Retalhuleu (14,099 MU/100 g); until 7 July 2022, STX continued to be detected in Tilapa and Tiquisate (1,021 MU/100 g). The P. bahamense cells were observed in the stomach contents of the clam Tagelus sp. (Bivalvia: Solecurtidae).
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NOGUERA, FELIPE A., and ANTONIO SANTOS-SILVA. "New species and records in Phrynidius Lacordaire (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae)." Zootaxa 5323, no. 4 (August 3, 2023): 451–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.4.1.
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Phrynidius Lacordaire, 1869, a genus of Mesoamerican distribution, is a group whose original taxonomic knowledge was generally limited, mainly due to the original descriptions not allowing for the adequate determination of its species. Recently, this knowledge was increased with the description of new species and the publication of a key to separate them. However, this knowledge is still incomplete, and there remain undescribed species deposited in different entomological collections. In this study, we update the taxonomic and distributional knowledge of the genus, and provide a new key to separate the species. Seven new species are described: P. poriferus sp. nov., from Honduras; P. skillmani sp. nov., from Guatemala; P. obrieni sp. nov., from Honduras; P. wibmeri sp. nov., from Mexico; P. pallifemoralis sp. nov., from Mexico; P. oaxacanensis sp. nov., from Mexico; P. guatemalensis sp. nov., from Guatemala. Phrynidius echinus Bates, 1880 is briefly redescribed and reported for the first time for the Guatemalan department of El Progreso. Phrynidius armatus Linsley, 1933 is excluded from the Nicaraguan fauna. Additionally, two new country records are reported: Phrynidius guifarroi Santos-Silva, Van Roie & Jocqué, 2021, from Guatemala; and P. nayaritensis Heffern, Nascimento & Santos-Silva, 2018, from Honduras.
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García, David. "Cancuén, Guatemala: Sacred, Scientific and Sustainable." Practicing Anthropology 24, no. 4 (September 1, 2002): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.24.4.1378020r0017n84n.
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In 1998, the Vanderbilt Cancuén Archaeological Project began its research at sites south of the department of Petén, central Guatemala. Rooted in the heart of the jungle lay the remains of a great civilization that had lived there more than one thousand years ago. Since the beginning of the project, three simultaneous lines of action were planned: archaeological research; restoration of the structures; and a sustainable human development program for the nearby communities. The Project's director, Arthur Demarest, thought the latter program crucial. After twenty years of experience in archaeological research in Central America in conditions of civil war, he found the right conditions to develop a project that was sensitive to raise the living standards of the villages around Cancuén. The Peace Treaty and truce accorded by the National Revolutionary Guatemalan Union (URNG) and the Guatemalan government in 1996 assured that the war would not interfere with local aid and community development. Previous Vanderbilt human development projects in the Petexbatun area to the north had been halted by army and guerrilla intrusions.
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Rodríguez López, María Teresa, and Álvaro Eduardo Caballeros Herrera. "Más allá de la frontera. Movilidad y reconfiguraciones familiares entre los chuj de México y Guatemala." Frontera norte 32 (January 1, 2020): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33679/rfn.v1i1.1972.
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In 1981, thousands of indigenous Guatemalans fled the civil war in their country, taking refuge in the first instance in Chiapas, Mexico, near the border line. In 1996 the Peace Agreements were reached, and part of the refugee population returned to Guatemala, while another fraction remained in Mexico, in localities of the states of Chiapas, Campeche, and Quintana Roo. This triple process –refuge, return, and/or definitive settlement in Mexico– resulted in new dynamics of movement and cross-border mobility, as well as in the reconfiguration of family and parental groups based on differentiated citizenship status. In this article, we provide analytical elements associated with these dynamics, based on the ethnographic observation carried out in the returnee village of Yalambojoch, in the department of Huehuetenango, municipality of Nentón, Guatemala, and in Santa Rosa el Oriente, a town in Chiapas that received refugees.
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Iesue, Laura, Felicia O. Casanova, and Alex R. Piquero. "Domestic Violence During a Global Pandemic: Lockdown Policies and Their Impacts Across Guatemala." Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 37, no. 4 (October 7, 2021): 589–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10439862211044867.
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This study uses official data from Guatemala’s Departamento de Atencion a la Victima (Victim Attention Department), a specialized unit in Guatemala’s National Civil Police, to assess the long-term impacts of a government mandated lockdown and reopening on domestic violence. It also considers how the lockdown and reopening impacted domestic violence across administrative departments in the country. Our findings suggest that combined, daily cases of domestic violence were already decreasing prior to the pandemic lockdown and that both the shutdown and the reopening altered the patterning of domestic violence, first to increase domestic violence and then to decrease it, respectively. When assessing this trend across departments, not every department exhibited the same, national-level trend, but instead domestic violence trends varied. This study provides a starting point in analyzing long-term pandemic-related policy responses and their impacts on domestic violence in international contexts.
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Garsow, Ariel V., Olga R. Torres, Jorge A. Matute, Danielle M. Voss, Gonzalo Miyagusuku-Cruzado, M. Monica Giusti, and Barbara B. Kowalcyk. "Dietary, socioeconomic, and maize handling practices associated with aflatoxin and fumonisin exposure among women tortilla makers in 5 departments in Guatemala." PLOS Global Public Health 4, no. 2 (February 7, 2024): e0001623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001623.
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Previous research has demonstrated human exposure to mycotoxins among Guatemalans, with high levels of mycotoxins being found in blood and urine samples as well as in maize for human consumption. Mishandling of crops such as maize during pre- and post-harvest has been associated with mycotoxin contamination. The overarching goal of this study was to identify risk factors for aflatoxin and fumonisin exposure in Guatemala. A cross-sectional survey of 141 women tortilla makers was conducted in the departments of Guatemala, Sololá, Suchitepéquez, Izabal, and Zacapa in February 2022. Maize and tortilla samples were collected and analyzed for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and fumonisin B1, B2, and B3 contamination (FB1, FB2, FB3). Urine samples were collected and analyzed for urinary FB1 (uFB1) contamination. A questionnaire was administered to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, dietary intake of maize-based foods the week prior to the study, and maize handling practices. Descriptive statistics were used to describe common maize handling practices. A univariable analysis was conducted to identify predictors of low/high AFB1, total fumonisins, and uFB1. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During tortilla processing, a reduction in the AFB1 and total fumonisin levels was observed. The presence of AFB1 in maize was associated with department and mean total fumonisin level in maize (OR: 1.705, 95% CI: 1.113–2.613). The department where the tortilleria was located was significantly associated with the presence of fumonisins in tortillas. Increased consumption of Tortrix was significantly associated with the presence of FB1 in urine (OR: 1.652, 95% CI: 1.072–2.546). Results of this study can be used in the development and implementation of supply chain management practices that mitigate mycotoxin production, reduce food waste and economic loss, and promote food security.
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Mérida-Reyes, Max Samuel, Manuel Alejandro Muñoz-Wug, Bessie Evelyn Oliva-Hernández, Isabel Cristina Gaitán-Fernández, Daniel Luiz Reis Simas, Antonio Jorge Ribeiro da Silva, and Juan Francisco Pérez-Sabino. "Composition and Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil from Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr. from Guatemala." Medicines 7, no. 10 (September 23, 2020): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicines7100059.
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Background:Pimenta dioica is a native tree of Central America, Southern Mexico, and the Caribbean used in traditional medicine. It grows in wet forests in the Guatemalan departments of Petén and Izabal. Since the plant is not being economically exploited in Guatemala, this study was aimed at determining the composition of the essential oil of P. dioica leaves and fruits and the antibacterial activity of the leaves in order to evaluate its possible use in health products. The essential oils of fruits and leaves are used as rubefacient, anti-inflammatory, carminative, antioxidant, and antiflatulent in different countries. Methods: Fruits and leaves of P. dioica from Izabal Department were collected in April 2014 and extracted by hydrodistillation method. The oils were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Results: Yields of 1.02 ± 0.11% for dried leaves and 1.51 ± 0.26% for fruits were obtained. Eugenol was the main component (65.9–71.4%). The leaf oil showed growth inhibition against two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacteria. Conclusions: The authors consider that the tree’s leaves can be evaluated as a source of ingredients for antiseptic products, and that it is important to evaluate other types of properties such as anti-inflammatory activity.
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Ponciano, Juan A., William Polanco, and Marlon Barrios. "Dengue outbreaks pattern in southern Guatemala." Ciencia, Tecnología y Salud 6, no. 2 (October 2, 2019): 158–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.36829/63cts.v6i2.631.
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This study analyses time series of dengue occurrence in the southern region of Guatemala. Temporal patterns of epidemic outbreaks in the department of Escuintla were investigated using the official reports from 2001 to 2013. In order to identify underlying associations with climate behavior, the epidemiological data were compared with historical reports available for temperature, rainfall and humidity. Preliminary results reveal that waves of dengue outbreaks exhibit a periodic pattern modulated by climatic conditions. A hierarchical cluster analysis allowed to indirectly estimate the degree of association of each climatic variable with dengue occurrences, showing the dominance of rainfall in dengue outbreaks patterns in three different localities. A further prospective analysis was performed to check whether epidemic trends driven by rainfall are hold in the subsequent years. Results presented here give support to predictive models for dengue incidence driven by climate.
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Ramírez, Ivan J., and Jieun Lee. "Mapping Ecosyndemic Risk and Social Vulnerability in Guatemala during the 2014–2016 El Niño: An Exploratory GIS Analysis." Proceedings 44, no. 1 (November 5, 2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecehs-2-06393.
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El Niño is a climatic cycle originating in the tropical Pacific Ocean that impacts countries in Latin America. It is often associated with water-based infectious diseases, many of which are also poverty-related. In this study we explore ecosyndemic risk and social vulnerability in Guatemala during the 2014–2016 El Niño. An ecosyndemic is a cluster of diseases, associated with environmental changes, set within a wider context of socioeconomic inequities. Using GIS, we examined six infectious diseases and ecosyndemic risk in Guatemala from 2014 to 2016 and factors of social risk at the department level. Preliminary results and policy implications are discussed.
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JARQUIN, CLAUDIA, DANILO ALVAREZ, ONEIDA MORALES, ANA JUDITH MORALES, BEATRIZ LÓPEZ, PILAR DONADO, MARIA F. VALENCIA, et al. "Salmonella on Raw Poultry in Retail Markets in Guatemala: Levels, Antibiotic Susceptibility, and Serovar Distribution." Journal of Food Protection 78, no. 9 (September 1, 2015): 1642–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-117.
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The objective of this study was to determine Salmonella numbers on retail raw chicken carcasses in Guatemala and to phenotypically characterize the isolates (serotyping and antibiotic susceptibility). In total, 300 chicken carcasses were collected from seven departments in Guatemala. Salmonella numbers were determined using the most-probable-number method following the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service protocol. In total, 103 isolates were obtained, all of which were tested for antibiotic susceptibility, whereas 46 isolates were serotyped. Overall, Salmonella prevalence and mean number (mean log most probable number per carcass) was 34.3% and 2.3 (95% confidence interval: 2.1 to 2.5), respectively. Significant differences (P < 0.05) in Salmonella prevalence were found by storage condition (refrigerated or ambient temperature), market type (wet markets, supermarkets, and independent poultry stores), chicken production system (integrated or nonintegrated production company), and chicken skin color (white or yellow). Chickens produced by integrated companies had lower Salmonella numbers (P < 0.05) than nonintegrated companies, and white-skin carcasses had lower numbers (P < 0.05) than yellow-skin carcasses. Among 13 different Salmonella serovars identified, Paratyphi B (34.8%) was most prevalent, followed by Heidelberg (16.3%) and Derby (11.6%). Of all the Salmonella isolates, 59.2% were resistant to one to three antibiotics and 13.6% to four or more antibiotics. Among all the serovars obtained, Salmonella Paratyphi B and Heidelberg were the most resistant to the antibiotics tested. Salmonella levels and antibiotic resistant profiles among isolates from raw poultry at the retail market level were high relative to other reports from North and South America. These data can be used by Guatemalan stakeholders to develop risk assessment models and support further research opportunities to control transmission of Salmonella spp. and antibiotic-resistant isolates from chicken meat to humans.
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Archila Morales, Fredy L., Monika M. Lipińska, Magdalena Dudek, and Dariusz L. Szlachetko. "Schiedeella bajaverapacensis (Orchidaceae, Spiranthinae), a New Orchid Species from Guatemala." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 6 (March 10, 2023): 5362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065362.
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Guatemala is recognized for its diverse and rich flora and fauna. It is estimated that over 1200 orchid species, classified in 223 genera, are known to occur in this rather small, yet megadiverse country. While studying the diversity of this plant group in the department of Baja Verapaz, we found individuals that clearly belonged to the genus Schiedeella, but whose features did not fit any previously known species. At that time, nine terrestrial taxon representatives were known to occur in Guatemala. We conducted the morphological analysis in accordance with the standard procedures of classical taxonomy. For phylogenetic reconstruction, 59 sequences of the ITS region and 48 of the trnL-trnF marker were applied. The topology of trees was obtained based on the Bayesian inference. Schiedeella bajaverapacensis was described and illustrated based on morphological evidence, and its taxonomic position was confirmed by phylogenetic analyses. The new entity is the 10th Schiedeella representative known from Guatemala.
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Illescas, Calvin. "Analysis Of Medical Care 2012 Sports In Applied Science Department Of Guatemala." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 46 (May 2014): 802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000495908.06028.9c.
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AYALA, RICARDO, ISMAEL A. HINOJOSA-DÍAZ, and ANA GABRIELA ARMAS-QUIÑONEZ. "A new species of Rhathymus Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Rhathymini) from Guatemala." Zootaxa 4700, no. 1 (November 18, 2019): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4700.1.7.
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A new species of the bee genus Rhathymus Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 is described and figured as Rhathymus atitlanicus Ayala, Hinojosa-Díaz and Armas-Quiñonez. The new species is from the department of Sololá, Guatemala, and can be distinguished based on the black integument contrasting with the orange color of the wings.
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Montuori, R., L. Gilabert-Sansalvador, and A. L. Rosado-Torres. "3D PRINTING FOR DISSEMINATION OF MAYA ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE: THE ACROPOLIS OF LA BLANCA (GUATEMALA)." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (July 24, 2020): 481–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-481-2020.
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Abstract. This paper focuses on the use of 3D printing as a tool for the dissemination of Maya architectural heritage. The case study is the Acropolis of La Blanca, the main complex of this archaeological site located in the Peten department, Guatemala. One of the objectives of La Blanca Project was to create a model of the Acropolis as part of the strategy for dissemination and as a didactical resource for the Visitor Center. The documentation of this architectural complex with digital survey techniques allowed to obtain a high-fidelity model of the Acropolis’ buildings. In order to achieve this goal, it was necessary to develop a methodology for the reverse modelling of the Acropolis, starting from the data obtained by laser scanning. We developed a workflow to create a virtual replica of the Acropolis optimized for 3D printing. This model was first printed in 17 parts by using the FDM technology. Then, it was transported to Guatemala and, finally, it was reassembled and placed at the Visitor Center. Today, this physical replica of the Acropolis is an important resource that allows the visitors to have a complete view of the main complex of the site, which is not easy in the Guatemalan jungle. It also provides an exclusive view of some parts of the Acropolis, already studied by researchers and now protected with a soil layer to ensure their preservation. Moreover, it is a useful resource for supporting dissemination and also serves as a teaching resource for student visitors.
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EISERMANN, KNUT, SUSANNE ARBEITER, GERARDO LÓPEZ, CLAUDIA AVENDAÑO, and JOSUÉ DE LEÓN LUX. "Distribution, habitat use, and implications for the conservation of the globally threatened Azure-rumped Tanager Tangara cabanisi in Guatemala." Bird Conservation International 21, no. 4 (February 11, 2011): 423–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270910000638.
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SummaryThe Azure-rumped Tanager Tangara cabanisi is a globally threatened species restricted to the Pacific slope mountains of western Guatemala and Chiapas, Mexico. We studied the habitat use of this tanager on the southern slope of Atitlán volcano, department Suchitepéquez, Guatemala, applying distance sampling along transects in humid broadleaf forest and coffee plantations. The tanager was recorded in both habitat types, but encounter rates were significantly greater in broadleaf forest. The estimated density of tanagers in forest at 1,400–1,900 m was 33–93 birds km−2. Tanagers were recorded mainly in the upper vegetation strata of forest and shade coffee plantations. In coffee plantations tanagers used mainly tall solitary trees or the canopy of shade trees, which were dominated by Inga spp. The number of observations of feeding tanagers in Ficus aurea (Moraceae) indicated a high importance of this food source. The density of F. aurea trees and the encounter rate of tanagers were positively correlated. From 1987 to 2009 tanagers have been recorded at nine topographic units and a total of 16 sites in Guatemala, in the departments of San Marcos, Quetzaltenango, Sololá, Suchitepéquez, and Chimaltenango. We analysed the available habitat for tanagers in the potential area of distribution (1,170 km2), ranging from 900 to 1,900 m altitude and from the Mexican border in the West to the municipality of Pochuta in the East. Broadleaf forest covers 250 km2 or 21% of the potential area of distribution, and coffee plantations cover 800 km2 or 68%. Assuming that population density in prime habitat throughout the potential distribution range is similar to our study area at Atitlán volcano, total tanager population in Guatemala is estimated to be 8,250–23,250 birds. Our findings support the maintenance of the IUCN Red List status of Endangered EN B1a+b(ii,iii,v). To enhance the available habitat for Azure-rumped Tanager, we propose alterations in the shade management of coffee plantations, supported by incentives and certification programmes.
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Vida, Vladimiro L., Joaquín Barnoya, Luis A. Larrazabal, Guillermo Gaitan, Flor de Maria Garcia, and Aldo R. Castañeda. "Congenital cardiac disease in children with Down's syndrome in Guatemala." Cardiology in the Young 15, no. 3 (May 3, 2005): 286–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951105000582.
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Background:Congenital cardiac disease is the greatest cause of death in patients with Down's syndrome during the first two years of life, with from two-fifths to two-thirds of those with Down's syndrome also having congenital cardiac malformations. The lesions within the heart can be single or multiple. Our objective was to evaluate the frequency and type of such congenital cardiac malformations in patients born with Down's in Guatemala, and to provide baseline information for further research.Methods:We reviewed all patients with Down's syndrome who underwent a cardiologic screening examination between January, 1997, and December, 2003, in the only department dealing with Paediatric Cardiology in Guatemala.Results:Of the 349 patients reviewed, 189 (54.1 per cent) also had an associated congenital cardiac malformation. The median age at diagnosis was 6 months, with a range from 2 to 13 months. In 152 patients (80.4 per cent), the cardiac lesion was isolated, while 37 patients (19.6 per cent) had multiple defects. The most common single defect was patency of the arterial duct, found in 54 of the 189 patients (28.6 per cent), followed by ventricular septal defect in 27.5 per cent, atrial septal defect in 12.7 per cent, and atrioventricular septal defect with common atrioventricular junction in 9.5 per cent. The most frequent concomitant malformation found co-existing with other congenital cardiac lesions was patency of the arterial duct, found in 17.5 per cent.Conclusions:As far as we are aware, ours is the first epidemiologic study concerning the frequency and type of congenital cardiac disease found in Guatemalan children with Down's syndrome. The high frequency of patency of the arterial duct, and the differential distribution of the cardiac malformations associated with Down's syndrome among Guatemalan children, differ from what has been reported in the United States of America, Europe, and Asia. This difference warrants further research.
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Prado, F., M. E. González, M. Hernández, C. Guzmán, M. G. Chaulon, S. Cóbar, M. Donis, and C. Rivera. "Preliminary study of total levels of dissolved arsenic in drinking water of different zones of the Municipality of Guatemala, Department of Guatemala." Toxicology Letters 259 (October 2016): S122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.07.313.
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Mathiasen, R., C. Parks, J. Beatty, and S. Sesnie. "First Report of Psittacanthus angustifolius on Pines in Mexico and Guatemala." Plant Disease 84, no. 7 (July 2000): 808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2000.84.7.808d.
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The mistletoe Psittacanthus angustifolius Kuijt (Loranthaceae) is a common parasite of pines in Honduras (2). In March we observed this mistletoe parasitizing a pine that Farjon and Styles (1) have classified as Pinus tecunumanii Eguiluz & J. P. Perry 4 km south of Jitotol, Chiapas, Mexico. The taxonomy of this host in Chiapas is controversial as Perry (3) classifies the Chiapas populations of this pine as Pinus oocarpa var. ochoterenai Martinez. We also observed P. angustifolius on P. oocarpa Schiede 4 km north of Jitotol. In addition, we found this mistletoe parasitizing Pinus maximinoi H. E. Moore approximately 15 km west of Ocosingo, Chiapas. In Guatemala, we observed P. angustifolius on P. oocarpa at several locations north and south of La Cumbre, Department Baja Verapaz. This mistletoe appears to be less common in Chiapas and Guatemala than it is in Honduras. We did not observe this mistletoe damaging its pine hosts in Mexico or Guatemala. This is the first report of P. angustifolius in both Mexico and Guatemala and the first report of this mistletoe on Pinus tecunumanii (or Pinus oocarpa var. ochoterenai). Specimens of P. angustifolius from the above pine hosts have been deposited at the Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff. References: (1) A. Farjon and B. Styles. Pinus (Pinaceae), Flora Neotropica, Monogr. 75, New York Botanical Garden, 1997. (2) Mathiasen et al. Plant Dis. 84:203, 2000. (3) J. Perry. The Pines of Mexico and Central America, Timber Press, Portland, Oregon, 1991
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Dos Santos-Silva, Jean, Denis Henrique Silva-Nadaleti, José Marcos Angélico-de- Mendonça, Gladyston Rodrigues-Carvalho, Cesar Elias-Botelho, Marcelo Ribeiro-Malta, Stuardo Enrique Coto-Markus, and Samuel Francisco Coto-Osorio. "INFLUENCE OF FERMENTATION TIME ON THE SENSORY QUALITY OF ARABICA COFFEE GENOTYPES IN GUATEMALA." Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana 45, no. 2 (June 13, 2022): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.35196/rfm.2022.2.235.
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In recent years, the Guatemalan coffee plantations have suffered a decline in its yield as a result of coffee rust. The use of cultivars resistant to this disease and with the potential to produce coffee with good drinking quality is essential for the sustainability of coffee cultivation in the country. The aim of this study was to analyze bean quality potential and the sensory profile of rust-resistant Arabica coffee genotypes as a function of different times of biological fermentation. The experiment was carried out in July 2014, at El Panorama farm, located in the municipality of San Rafael Pie de La Cuesta, Department of San Marcos, Guatemala. Eight rust resistant F5 progenies were tested and cultivars Marsellesa and Bourbon Amarelo were used as controls. Each genotype was subjected to two times of biological fermentation in water, after peeling (24 and 72 h). The experimental design was randomized complete blocks with three replications, in a 10 (genotypes) × 2 (times) factorial scheme, totaling 60 experimental units. The quality, sensory profile and granulometry of the treatments were evaluated. All the rust-resistant genotypes studied showed potential to produce specialty coffees in Guatemala and a superior granulometry in relation to Bourbon Amarelo. Marsellesa and Bourbon Amarelo obtained higher final scores and the attributes flavor, aftertaste, acidity, body, balance and overall were more accentuated. The time of biological fermentation did not influence the final score of the coffee (total score in the SCA protocol); however, there was a change in the sensory profile, with emphasis on cultivar Marsellesa, which increased the frequency of fruity notes and reduced caramel notes with longer fermentation time.
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Lima-Cordón, Raquel Asunción, María Carlota Monroy, Lori Stevens, Antonieta Rodas, Gabriela Anaité Rodas, Patricia L. Dorn, and Silvia A. Justi. "Description of Triatoma huehuetenanguensis sp. n., a potential Chagas disease vector (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae)." ZooKeys 820 (January 28, 2019): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.820.27258.
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A new species of the genusTriatomaLaporte, 1832 (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) is described based on specimens collected in the department of Huehuetenango, Guatemala.Triatomahuehuetenanguensissp. n.is closely related toT.dimidiata(Latreille, 1811), with the following main morphological differences: lighter color; smaller overall size, including head length; and width and length of the pronotum. NaturalTrypanosomacruzi(Chagas, 1909) infection, coupled with its presence in domestic habitats, makes this species a potentially important vector ofTrypanosomacruziin Guatemala.
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Ariel, OP, HE Espinoza-Vega, and A. Garcia-Kutzbach. "O69 Prevalence of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007) in San Juan Sacatepéquez County, Department of Guatemala, and Zone 5 of Guatemala City: COPCORD Study." Indian Journal of Rheumatology 3, no. 3 (November 2008): S31—S32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0973-3698(10)60443-8.
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Rice, Prudence M., Helen V. Michel, Frank Asaro, and Fred Stross. "Provenience Analysis of Obsidians from the Central Peten Lakes Region, Guatemala." American Antiquity 50, no. 3 (July 1985): 591–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/280323.
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A set of 296 obsidian artifacts from the lakes area of the Department of Peten, Guatemala, has been provenienced by X-ray fluorescence and neutron activation analysis. The obsidians come from socioeconomic contexts (primarily rural/domestic) and time periods—from the Middle Preclassic period, ca. 800 B.C., up to the time of Spanish contact, A.D. 1525—that have been poorly represented in previous Lowland provenience studies. Thus they provide new data on the acquisition and distribution of this important non-local commodity in the Maya Lowlands.
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Arias, Arturo. "From the Cold War to the Cruelty of Violence: Jean Franco's Critical Trajectory from The Decline and Fall of the Lettered City to Cruel Modernity." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 131, no. 3 (May 2016): 701–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2016.131.3.701.
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The Cuban Revolution Generated a New Communist Paranoia in the United States. Interest in Latin America Grew Dramatically after Castro's rise to power in 1959 and was partly responsible for the explosive growth in the number of scholars specializing in hemispheric issues during the 1960s. Latin Americans, in turn, saw this phase of the Cold War as a furthering of imperial aggression by the United States. The Eisenhower administration's authoritarian diplomatic maneuvers to isolate Guatemala by accusing the country's democratically elected president, Jacobo Arbenz (1950-54), of being a communist and by pressuring members of the Organization of American States to do likewise had already alarmed intellectuals and artists in Latin America five years before. On 17 June 1954, Carlos Castillo Armas and a band of a few hundred mercenaries invaded the country from Honduras with logistical support from the Central Intelligence Agency in an operation code-named PBSUCCESS, authorized by President Eisenhower in August 1953. By 1 July 1954 the so-called Movement of National Liberation had taken over Guatemala. Angela Fillingim's research evidences how the United States officially viewed Guatemala as “Pre-Western,” according to “pre-established criteria,” because the Latin American country had failed to eliminate its indigenous population (5-6). Implicitly, the model was that of the nineteenth-century American West. As a solution, the State Department proposed “finishing the Conquest.”
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Davis, Shelton. "Supporting Maya Home Town Associations in the United States." Practicing Anthropology 34, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.34.1.p087vl55p041388g.
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According to the 2008 article "Unmasking the Maya: The Story of Sna Jtz'ibajom," which appears on the website of the Department of Anthropology of the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History, "One million Maya Indians from Mexico and Guatemala are living here in the United States." This same piece states that "unlike earlier waves of immigrants to our shores the Maya are descendants of a New World civilization whose mystery resonates across this continent, and the globe" (http://anthropology.si.edu/maya/mayaprint.html).
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Gonzalez-Alvarez, Ana, Maria Fernanda Kroker-Lobos, Tandalayo Kidd, Sara Rosenkranz, and Richard Rosenkranz. "Overweight and Obesity among Schoolchildren of Rural Guatemala and the Food Environment around Schools." World Nutrition 12, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 32–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26596/wn.202112416-50.
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Introduction: Childhood obesity is a principal concern worldwide. Guatemalan households have the highest prevalence of double burden of malnutrition in the world. These households are self-identified as indigenous and live with lower incomes in rural communities. However, there are limited data on risk factors for childhood obesity and limited information regarding the school environments, especially in rural communities. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in a sample of rural schoolchildren, evaluate whether there is significant variability across schools, and characterize the food environment around public elementary schools in rural communities.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in four rural public schools within three villages of El Progreso, a Department (state) of Guatemala, located about 60 km east of Guatemala City. Anthropometric measures and sociodemographic information for 398 schoolchildren and their mothers were collected in 2018. Environmental audits of food outlets and food advertisements were completed for a 250- and 500-meter radius around schools. Food outlets and food advertisements were categorized as healthy and less healthy, or acceptable or not acceptable, respectively, using international protocols. One-way ANOVA was used to compare schools and continuous demographic variables. Fisher’s LSD post hoc test was used to examine differences between schools. Chi-Squared tests were conducted to evaluate differences between categorical demographic variables, overweight and obesity, and variables regarding food environments. A logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with overweight and obesity and variability across schools, adjusted for household income, child sex and age, and maternal education and age.
Results: The overall percentage of overweight and obesity among schoolchildren across all four schools was 32.4%. There was a higher percentage of less healthful food outlets compared to healthful food outlets and overall food outlets within <250 meters around the four schools, as compared to food outlets within 500 meters. Logistic regression showed that overweight and obesity status varied significantly (p=0.042) depending of the school students attended, when adjusting for household income, child sex and age, maternal education, and age.
Conclusion: Study results revealed a high prevalence of overweight and obesity among schoolchildren in rural communities in Guatemala. There was significant variability in overweight and obesity across schools. Results portray the food environment around schools as a possible contributing factor to childhood obesity.
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Bale, Claudia. "Identifying Communities’ Perspectives on their Health Needs in Impoverished Villages to Guide Non-government Organizations’ Health Promotion Efforts in Guatemala." Christian Journal for Global Health 7, no. 5 (December 21, 2020): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15566/cjgh.v7i5.391.
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Objective: The aim of this mixed-methods study is to capture and understand impoverished Guatemalan community members’ perspectives of their own health needs on a community level in order to guide Hope of Life (HOL) Non-Profit organization’s health promotion interventions in the villages they serve.
Methods: A modified health needs assessment survey was conducted with 96 participants from four impoverished villages in the department of Zacapa, Guatemala. Survey responses were analyzed for significant differences in 4-item individual, family, and community health scores across demographic variables and significant correlations with reported personal health conditions and children’s health conditions. Five semi-structured interviews were also conducted with community leaders from three of the villages surveyed. Interviews were audio recorded and responses were transcribed verbatim and translated from Spanish to English. Thematic analysis using HyperRESEARCH qualitative analysis software version 4.5.0. was conducted to identify major themes.
Results: The mean age of the 96 participants surveyed was 40.4 years and the majority were women, married or in Union, and have children. Women reported a significantly lower individual and family health score than men. The most rural village included in the study had significantly lower family health scores than the three sub-urban villages in the study. Among the personal health problems reported by participants, alcohol consumption, dental problems, and malnutrition were significant predictors of lower individual health scores. Themes that emerged from the interview analysis included the greatest community health needs, perceived negative community health behaviors, barriers to health care access, HOL’s impact, and suggestions for community health promotion.
Conclusion: The results of this study reveal many unmet health needs and barriers to healthcare that Guatemalan village communities face. Community-based participatory research using a mixed approach voices communities’ perspective on their perceived needs and is an important tool to guide non-profit aid and intervention serving impoverished communities.
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de Luna, Manuel, Erick Hernández-Baltazar, and Iker Cubillos Macías. "The family Angelidae (Insecta, Mantodea) in Mexico and Central America, new records and two new synonyms." Journal of Orthoptera Research 33, no. 2 (July 15, 2024): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.114799.
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The stick-like mantis Angela miranda Saussure, 1871 (Mantodea, Angelidae) is newly recorded for the state of Chiapas in Mexico as well as for the department of Izabal in Guatemala, and the female is newly described. A re-examination of material from the Colección Nacional de Insectos (CNIN) of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) labeled as Angela miranda and recorded from Tabasco, Mexico, was conducted, revealing that they were misidentified, belonging instead to the genus Phasmomantis Saussure, 1869 (Mantidae: Stagmomantinae). Finally, Angela perpulchra Westwood, 1889 and Angela championi Saussure & Zehntner, 1894 are hereby relegated as junior synonyms of Angela miranda.
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Melgar, J., R. Mathiasen, and B. Howell. "First Report of Arceuthobium globosum subsp. grandicaule in Honduras." Plant Disease 85, no. 5 (May 2001): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2001.85.5.563a.
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Large-stemmed dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium globosum Hawksw. & Wiens subsp. grandicaule Hawksw. & Wiens-Viscaceae) parasitizes several Pinus spp. in central Mexico and western Guatemala (1). In November 2000 several trees of Pinus hartwegii Lindley were discovered being parasitized by this dwarf mistletoe near the summit of Cerro las Minas, Montana de Celaque (2850 m elevation) approximately 12 km southwest of Gracias, Department Lempira, Honduras. Species identification was based on the size of the plants, which were greater than 50 cm in height, and the dark brown color and size (2.1 to 4.5 cm) of the stem base (1). There was no apparent infection of nearby Pinus ayacahuite Ehrenb., which is known to be immune to the pathogen. Specimens of A. globosum subsp. grandicaule were collected and deposited at the Herbario, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Forestales, Siguatepeque, Honduras and at the Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this dwarf mistletoe in Honduras and extends its eastern distribution from west-central Guatemala by approximately 300 km. Reference: (1) F. G. Hawksworth and D. Wiens. 1996. Dwarf Mistletoes: Biology, Pathology, and Systematics. USDA Agric. Handb. 709.
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Beliaev, Dmitri. "Appealing to the Gods and Ancestors: Ancient Maya Conch Shell Trumpets as Ritual Instruments." Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology, no. 6 (December 2022): 387–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.55086/sp226387399.
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The use of trumpets made from the conch shells of large marine mollusks was one of the peculiar traits of Mesoamerican culture. The earliest evidence of this practice can be placed in the Middle Formative (I mil. BC), but this tradition persisted among the native population of Mexico until the 20 th century. Conch shell trumpets were excavated in many Maya sites (Uaxactun, Kaminaljuyu, Mayapan, Tikal, Dzibilchaltun etc.). Since the 1960s it was believed that their main function was that of alarm, and sometimes they were considered as a type of musical instruments. The analysis of previously unpublished hieroglyphic inscription on the conch shell from Asunción Mita (Department of Jutiapa, Guatemala) preserved in the National Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology of Guatemala shows that it was used in the ceremony of appeal to the deities. New interpretation of the hieroglyphic texts on the Early Classic conch shells leads to the conclusion that, in the Classic Maya culture, their main function was ritual. They served as one of the main instruments of the ritual communication with the deities and ancestors, whose names and images were inscribed on the conch shells.
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Nakagawa, J., C. Cordón-Rosales, J. Juárez, C. Itzep, and T. Nonami. "Impact of residual spraying on Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma dimidiata in the department of Zacapa in Guatemala." Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 98, no. 2 (March 2003): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0074-02762003000200019.
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Ortiz, Rosalba, and Jordi Peris. "The Role of Farmers’ Umbrella Organizations in Building Transformative Capacity around Grassroots Innovations in Rural Agri-Food Systems in Guatemala." Sustainability 14, no. 5 (February 25, 2022): 2695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14052695.
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Family farmers and grassroots innovations can enable transitions to more sustainable food systems. The study explores the roles umbrella farmers’ organizations play in building transformative capacity through grassroots innovations in rural food systems in Guatemala. An analytical framework based on the notion of transformative capacity and socio-technical transitions is used to explore the specific factors enabling and limiting the transformative potential of grassroots innovations in a rural setting. A case study in rural Huehuetenango, Guatemala is presented, using interviews and focus groups discussions with relevant stakeholders engaged in the development process. Perceptions from interviews and focus groups discussions highlight the catalyst role played by the umbrella farmers’ organization as the main enabling factor to increase transformative capacity of grassroots innovations. The umbrella organization plays a key role in enabling farmers to pursue socio-technical transformations and in moving grassroots innovations outside a niche sphere. It contributes to creating coherence towards a common sustainability vision, supporting innovation and experimentation, and providing technical assistance around core development processes. In addition, it navigates across different levels of agency (households, communities, networks, and institutions) and different interaction scales (local, department, and national). However, gender and multi-generational gaps have been identified as limiting factors that would require further analysis.
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Garrison, Thomas G., and Nicholas P. Dunning. "Settlement, Environment, and Politics in the San Bartolo-Xultun Territory, El Peten, Guatemala." Latin American Antiquity 20, no. 4 (December 2009): 525–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1045663500002868.
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AbstractThis article examines the cultural and ecological history of a single Maya territory from circa 1000 B.C. to A.D. 1100. An ancient Maya territory is defined as an area of land and population under the jurisdiction of a particular capital. In addition to the capital, there are minor centers, household groups, and temporary settlements, which together comprise the population of a territory. Here, the San Bartolo-Xultun territory in the northeastern Department of the Peten, Guatemala is used as a case study. During more than two thousand years of occupation the natural landscape and cultural settlement pattern changed dramatically. This study isolates major factors contributing to broad changes in local culture history by employing data from archaeology, geography, remote sensing, epigraphy, and iconography. It is argued that reconstructing regional culture histories using a conjunctive approach should be a major goal of Maya archaeology in the coming years as we strive for a more holistic understanding of the past.
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Thornton, Erin Kennedy, and Arthur A. Demarest. "AT WATER'S EDGE: RITUAL MAYA ANIMAL USE IN AQUATIC CONTEXTS AT CANCUEN, GUATEMALA." Ancient Mesoamerica 30, no. 3 (2019): 473–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536118000251.
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AbstractExcavations at the Late Classic Maya site of Cancuen (Petén Department, Guatemala) uncovered a small-scale hydraulic system including stone-lined canals and reservoirs within the architectural core of the site. The abundance of other nearby potable water sources along with the elaborate form of the system demonstrate that it served an ideological rather than practical function. Artifacts deposited in the reservoirs support this interpretation. Moreover, the reservoir located in front of the site's royal palace contained the remains of at least 30 individuals who may represent members of the royal court massacred during the site's collapse. This paper reports the animal remains found within the site's reservoirs to further explore the nature and extent of ritual and disposal activities within these aquatic contexts. Inter- and intrasite comparisons are used to contextualize the results within broader discussions of how we identify ritual activity in the zooarchaeological record, and the role of water in ancient Maya ideological and political systems.
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MENDOZA, JOSÉ RODRIGO, ANA RODAS, ANA OLIVA, LUIS SABILLÓN, ANA COLMENARES, JENNIFER CLARKE, HEATHER E. HALLEN-ADAMS, CARLOS CAMPABADAL, and ANDRÉIA BIANCHINI. "Safety and Quality Assessment of Smallholder Farmers' Maize in the Western Highlands of Guatemala." Journal of Food Protection 81, no. 5 (April 6, 2018): 776–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-355.
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ABSTRACT Maize (Zea mays) is a staple in many developing countries but is known to be prone to pest (insects, birds, and rodents) and fungal infestation. In Guatemala, mycotoxin contamination of cultivated products may occur owing to such factors as environmental conditions and the use of traditional agriculture operations. To assess the current maize conditions in Guatemala, a small-scale study was performed. Mold and insect counts and mycotoxin (aflatoxin and fumonisin) concentrations were determined on 25 farms in two townships (Chiantla and Todos Santos) of the Huehuetenango Department. Total fungal counts were 3.6 to 6.83 log CFU/g with no significant differences (P > 0.05) across farms at different altitudes. Farms where maize was not produced but was purchased were at higher risk of fumonisin contamination, whereas local producers were mostly affected by aflatoxins. Aflatoxin was present in maize from 100% of farms at 1.0 to 85.3 ppb, and fumonisin was detected on 52% of farms at 0.4 to 31.0 ppm. Average mycotoxin consumption amounts were above the recommended maximum intake for aflatoxin in both produced and purchased maize and above the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake for fumonisin in purchased maize. Estimated daily intake was 0.01 to 0.85 μg/kg of body weight per day for aflatoxin and 2.9 to 310.0 μg/kg of body weight per day for fumonisin. An entomological analysis revealed overall 32% prevalence of Ephestia kuehniella (flour moth), 16% prevalence of Sitophilus zeamais (maize weevil), and 8% prevalence of Tribolium sp. (flour beetle) on the analyzed farms. This study highlighted poor agricultural practices used in the highlands of Guatemala. Current practices should be revised for the production of maize that is safe for consumption by the population in this region.
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Ermilov, Sergey G. "Taxonomic contribution to knowledge of the oribatid mite subfamily Arcoppiinae (Acari, Oribatida, Oppiidae)." Ecologica Montenegrina 73 (May 10, 2024): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.73.7.
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This study is based on oribatid mites of the subfamily Arcoppiinae (Oribatida, Oppiidae) collected from rainforest litter in Izabal Department, Guatemala. A new species of Arcoppia—A. tetraramosa sp. nov.—is described. In having several long, barbed branches of the bothridial seta and comparatively long dorsal notogastral setae, the new species is similar to A. dechambrierorum and A. serrulata, but can be distinguished from both by the morphology of the rostrum, the length of dorsal notogastral setae, the sculpturing of basal part of the prodorsum, the length of the costula, and the presence of the specific ridge-like structure in front of the transcostula. A supplementary description of Wallworkoppia cervifer is presented and its main morphological traits are summarized.
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Schueler, Collin. "An Administrative Stopgap for Migrants from the Northern Triangle." University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, no. 49.1 (2015): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.49.1.administrative.
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From 2011–2014, the United States Department of Homeland Security recorded an extraordinary increase in the number of unaccompanied children arriving at the southern border from Central America’s “Northern Triangle”—the area made up of El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. In fact, in fiscal year 2014, United States Customs and Border Protection apprehended over 50,000 unaccompanied children from the Northern Triangle. That is thirteen times more than just three years earlier. This Article examines the intersecting humanitarian and legal crises facing these children and offers an administrative solution to the problem. The children are fleeing a genuine humanitarian crisis—a region overrun by violent gangs that regularly target young people for recruitment. Once in the United States, these children face their own legal crisis. Indeed, they must confront numerous procedural and substantive hurdles, trying to avoid removal. As a result, many of the children are at serious risk of being deported and subsequently killed by the very gangs that they fled. Given this situation, the Article argues that President Obama’s administration should provide temporary humanitarian protection to these migrants by exercising its congressionally delegated power to designate El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras as new “temporary protected status” countries. Under this proposal, the United States would provide a temporary safe haven to nationals of these three countries until the horrific gang violence in the Northern Triangle subsides.
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Weeks, E. N. I., C. Cordón-Rosales, C. Davies, S. Gezan, M. Yeo, and M. M. Cameron. "Risk factors for domestic infestation by the Chagas disease vector, Triatoma dimidiata in Chiquimula, Guatemala." Bulletin of Entomological Research 103, no. 6 (April 19, 2013): 634–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000748531300014x.
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AbstractIn Guatemala prior to control initiatives, the main vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, were Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma dimidiata. This study conducted in 2006 in the department of Chiquimula recorded a high level of T. dimidiata infestation and an absence of R. prolixus in all surveyed communities. In Guatemala, the presence of T. dimidiata as domestic, peridomestic and sylvatic populations results in control difficulties as houses are re-infested from the surrounding environment. Entomological surveys, the current method used to select houses in need of control efforts, are labour intensive and time consuming. A time- and cost-effective way to prioritize houses for evaluation and subsequent treatment is the stratification of houses based on the risk of triatomine infestation. In the present study, 17 anthropogenic risk factors were evaluated for associations with house infestation of T. dimidiata including: wall, floor and roof type. There was an increased likelihood of domestic infestation with T. dimidiata associated with the presence of dirt floors (18/29; OR 8.075, 95% CI 2.13–30.6), uncoated bajareque walls (12/17; OR 4.80, 95% CI 1.35–17.1) and triatomine-like faeces on walls (16/26; OR 3.89, 95% CI 1.19–12.7). These factors could be used to target control of T. dimidiata to communities with an increased risk of being infested.
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O'Neill, Kevin Lewis. "I Want More of You: The Politics of Christian Eroticism in Postwar Guatemala." Comparative Studies in Society and History 52, no. 1 (December 24, 2009): 131–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417509990351.
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The image appeared on the cover of a Sunday bulletin, produced and distributed by one of Guatemala City's most conservative neo-Pentecostal mega-churches. The picture presented the face of a young teenage girl, her eyes closed, lips wet, and skin kissed by a soft, transcendent light; the young woman's head was even tilted to the side in what Jacques Lacan would call jouissance (1998). Across her pink lips read Psalm 4:6: “In peace, I lay myself down.” This image, stitched together by the church's media relations department, makes a sly reference to Gian Lorenzo Bernini's sculpture, St. Teresa in Ecstasy (1652). The statue in Rome presents one of Teresa of Ávila's (1515–1582) mystical experiences of God, which the sixteenth-century Spanish saint narrates with unblinkingly erotic imagery. In her autobiography, St. Teresa writes how “the great love of God” often left her “utterly consumed,” “penetrated to [her] entrails,” and made her “utter several moans” for both the “intense pain” and its “sweetness” (Peers 1927: 197). With St. Teresa in mind, my own reaction to the church bulletin parroted Jacques Lacan's response to Bernini's statue. “She's coming,” Lacan commented, “There's no doubt about it” (1998: 76).
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González Lemus, Carmen Joanna, and Fernando Xavier Romero Prieto. "First Study of the Prevalence and Characterization of Brachial Plexus Injuries in Guatemala." Journal of Brachial Plexus and Peripheral Nerve Injury 16, no. 01 (January 2021): e46-e50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1731746.
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Abstract Objective This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of brachial plexus injuries and to characterize clinically and epidemiologically patients with brachial plexus injury. Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 2,923 medical records of patients aged 1 to 64 years who presented at outpatient peripheral nerve unit of the Orthopedic Surgery Department of Hospital Roosevelt, Guatemala, from January 2017 to December 2017, were prospectively analyzed to identify the prevalence and factors associated with brachial plexus injuries. Results The prevalence rate of brachial plexus injuries in patients was 5.74%. This injury is more common in men (90.5%) aged 24 to 64 years. Brachial plexus injuries occurred secondary to motorcycle accident in 72% of the cases, with the majority affecting the dominant upper extremity. In addition, 64.28% of the patients took 1 to 6 months to seek consultation, whereas only 16.07% requested medical assistance <1 month from the onset of symptoms, and this result was associated with early diagnosis and adequate recovery during follow-up. Furthermore, 66.67% presented upper brachial plexus injury with no associated fractures or vascular injury, manifesting distress while performing daily activities that required hand, arm, and elbow movements. Conclusion The risk of suffering BPIs in Guatemala increases in economically active male patients that use motorcycles as main mode of transportation. Patients should consult immediately after injury onset to optimize management results. For this reason, hospitals must develop specialized clinical guidelines to speed up the identification and treatment of BPI injuries.
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Quiñónez-Guzmán, Juan Miguel, Fernando González-García, Ana José Cóbar-Carranza, and Miguel Angel Martínez-Morales. "DENSIDAD POBLACIONAL E HISTORIA NATURAL DEL PAVO DE CACHO (OREOPHASIS DERBIANUS) EN LA RESERVA DE BIOSFERA SIERRA DE LAS MINAS, GUATEMALA." Ornitología Neotropical 28 (July 23, 2017): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.58843/ornneo.v28i0.134.
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Resumen ∙ El Pavo de Cacho (Oreophasis derbianus) es una especie de crácido críticamente amenazada y endémica de México y Guatemala; sin embargo, su tamaño poblacional ha sido pobremente documentado en la mayor parte de su distribución. Se estimó su densidad poblacional en la Sierra de las Minas, Guatemala, mediante detecciones visuales y auditivas obtenidas durante el recorrido de trayectos lineales, con base en la teoría del muestreo de distancias. Tres trayectos (8 km de longitud total) fueron recorridos mensualmente para obtener un esfuerzo de muestreo de 72 km, de abril a diciembre de 2009. Los trayectos se ubicaron en el bosque nuboso y latifoliado de la zona núcleo “Las Cabañas” de la Reserva de Biosfera Sierra de las Minas, en la localidad de Albores, departamento de El Progreso, Guatemala. La densidad poblacional estimada fue de 3,04 ± 1,16 (± EE) ind/km². Esta densidad fue comparada con otras estimaciones en diferentes áreas de la distribución de la especie en México y Guatemala. La distribución de las estimaciones de densidad parece ajustarse a un patrón biogeográfico en donde una mayor densidad poblacional se encuentra al centro de la distribución geográfica de la especie, disminuyendo hacia la periferia. Si este es el caso, esto podría tener importantes implicaciones en la definición de estrategias para la conservación de la especie. Sin embargo, factores de perturbación humana como la cacería y captura también podrían ser la causa de la diferencia en las densidades poblacionales entre los sitios comparados. La mayoría de las detecciones ocurrieron en junio, mientras que una hembra y sus dos pollos fueron observados en agosto. Se observó que el Pavo de Cacho utilizó 22 especies de plantas en el área de estudio para alimentarse, vocalizar o posarse, de las cuales tres (Passiflora membranaceae, Prunus barbata y Oreopanax hederaceum) fueron nuevos registros en su dieta. Se reporta actividad de cacería en la zona núcleo del área protegida, lo que representa una amenaza para la viabilidad de esta población. Estudios sobre presión de cacería, requerimientos de hábitat, patrones de movimiento y variabilidad genética del Pavo de Cacho son clave para comprender a fondo su biología y establecer medidas de conservación adecuadas.Abstract ∙ Population density and natural history of the Horned Guan (Oreophasis derbianus) in the Sierra de las Minas Biosphere Reserve, Guatemala The Horned Guan (Oreophasis derbianus) is a critically endangered cracid species endemic to Mexico and Guatemala; nevertheless, its population size has been poorly documented throughout most of its distributional range. In the Sierra de las Minas, Guatemala, population density was estimated by visual and acoustic surveys in line transects, based on the distance sampling theory. Three transects (8 km total length) located in the cloud and mixed forest at "Las Cabañas" core area of the Sierra de las Minas Biosphere Reserve in the Albores locality, Department of El Progreso were monthly surveyed to total up 72 km of sampling effort from April to December 2009. Estimated population density was 3.04 ± 1.16 (± SE) ind/km², which was compared with other density estimates from different areas within the species distribution in Mexico and Guatemala. The distribution of density estimates seems to fit a biogeographic pattern where higher population densities are found at the center of the species distributional range tending to decrease towards the periphery. If this is the case, it may have important implications in the definition of the species conservation strategies. Nevertheless, human impacts, such as hunting and poaching, could also be the cause of differences in population density among sites. Most of the detections occurred in June, and a female with two chicks was observed in August. The Horned Guan was observed to use 22 plant species in the study area for feeding, vocalizing, and perching, of which three (Passiflora membranaceae, Prunus barbata, and Oreopanax hederaceum) were new records as food items. Hunting activity is reported within the core zone of the protected area, threating the viability of this population. Research on hunting pressure, habitat requirements, movement patterns, and genetic variability are key to further understand the biology of the Horned Guan and to establish appropriate conservation measures.
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Carnevali Fernández-Concha, Germán, Ivón Ramírez-Morillo, José Eduardo Pérez-Sarabia, José Luis Tapia-Muñoz, Héctor Estrada Medina, William Cetzal-Ix, Silvia Hernández-Aguilar, et al. "Assessing the Risk of Extinction of Vascular Plants Endemic to the Yucatán Peninsula Biotic Province by Means of Distributional Data." Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 106 (November 16, 2021): 424–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3417/2021661.
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An assessment of the extinction risk of the endemic plants from the Yucatán Peninsula Biotic Province (YPBP) was performed based on distributional data (B criteria of the IUCN) using the GeoCAT tool. The YPBP is located in southeastern Mexico and comprises the Mexican states of Campeche, Quintana Roo, and Yucatán, and the northernmost portion of Belize (districts of Belize, Corozal, and Orange Walk), as well as a portion of northern Guatemala (most of the department of Petén). An analysis of the YPBP flora identified 167 endemic taxa, 154 of which grow in at least one of the three Mexican states (Campeche, Quintana Roo, and/or Yucatán), whereas another 13 occur exclusively in Belize and/or Guatemala. Eighty-five are in some category of risk (50.9%): 17 taxa (10.18%) are categorized as Critically Endangered (CR), 40 (23.95%) as Endangered (EN), and 28 (16.77%) as Vulnerable (VU). Eighty-one (48.5%) species are not threatened: 12 (7.19%) as Near Threatened (NT) and 69 (41.32%) as Least Concern. A single species (0.6%) is considered Data Deficient (DD). The greatest number of endemic species and endemic threatened species inhabit dry and subhumid forests, and some inhabit semi-evergreen forests. The habits of endemic species and threatened endemic species are diverse, but trees, grasses, and shrubs predominate. The official system of protected natural areas (PNA) does not guarantee the conservation of all endemic species in the region. Ninety-eight (58.68%) of the endemic taxa have more than one population (record) within a PNA.
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McAnany, Patricia. ": Excavations at Seibal: Department of Peten, Guatemala . John A. Graham, Gair Tourtellot III, Mary DeLand Pohl, Gordon R. Willey." American Anthropologist 94, no. 3 (September 1992): 753–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.1992.94.3.02a00690.
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Asmundsson, Ingrid M., Jonathan A. Campbell, and Donald W. Duszynski. "A NEWEIMERIASP. FROM THE PLUMBEOUS CENTRAL AMERICAN CAECILIAN,DERMOPHIS MEXICANUS(AMPHIBIA: GYMNOPHIONA) FROM VOLCÁN TAJUMULCO, DEPARTMENT OF SAN MARCOS, GUATEMALA." Journal of Parasitology 86, no. 2 (April 2000): 340–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/0022-3395(2000)086[0340:anesft]2.0.co;2.
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Villanueva-González, Carlos Enrique, Marie Kalousova, José Alejandro Ruiz-Chután, Roberto Waldemar Moya Fernandez, Cristobal Villanueva, and Bohdan Lojka. "Botanical diversity, structure and composition in cocoa agroforest systems in Alta Verapaz, Guatemala." Scientia Agropecuaria 14, no. 2 (June 5, 2023): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2023.020.
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The tree composition in cocoa agroforestry systems (CAFS) in Guatemala is valued for providing a number of ecosystem services. Despite the importance of the trees in these systems, little is known about the tree species richness and its contribution to the conservation of diversity. We studied the botanical composition of CAFS of different ages in the Alta Verapaz department of Guatemala. In total, 70 survey plots with a size of 2500 m2 were established. An inventory was carried out in each sampling unit, recording the tree species present and measuring the diameter at breast height (DBH 1.30 m) and the height of each tree. The Importance Value Index (IVI) was calculated and species richness and the similarity between sites were evaluated. A total of 2519 trees, belonging to 59 species and 34 families were identified. The species with the highest IVI was Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth. The CAFSs with the highest and lowest species richness were those of 9-12 and 27 years old, respectively (H´=1.99, H´=0.34). This behavior can be explained by the fact that growers work to enrich the agroforestry systems with a broad diversity of species in the first years which they then begin to harvest at around 16 years of age. A discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) and the Jaccard Similarity Index were used to show that several AFS were similar in terms of composition and botanical diversity. Given the tree diversity within the CAFS, these can be acknowledged as areas with good potential for the conservation of overall biodiversity. We recommend education programs for local growers about the benefits of shade management during the production cycle of cocoa to preserve the botanical composition and structural complexity of the AFS.
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Reyes A., Sergio, Raúl A. Soto O., Bugo Vargas B., Miguel Gutiérrez O., and Gonzalo Roldán P. "Establecimiento y producción de materia seca de gramíneas promisorias en el departamento de Jutiapa, Guatemala." Agronomía Mesoamericana 2 (June 22, 2016): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/am.v2i0.25229.
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With the aim of sclecting improved pasture grasses for the sub-humid forcst conditions in the department of Jutiapa, Guatemala, Courteen acccssions previously selected wercevaluated. A split plot randomized complete block design with four replications was used where the main plots were accessions and sub plots cutting frequency (3,5,7 and 9 weeks). Measurements were made during the periods of maximum and minimum precipitation in 1988 and 1989. Mean ground cover was 82.9% ± 8.15 and 72.5% ± 8.34 for maximum and minimum precipitation periods, respectively. Significant (P<0.01) effects of year, precipitation period, accession, cutting frequency and interactions between these variables werc found for dry matter production. The average yield under maximum precipitation was 4.3 ton/ha with B. Dictyoneura, and 6.63 ton/ha for CIAT 6133, both of which being significantly better than the other materials (P ≤ 0.05). Under minimum precipitation, cutting frequencies of 7 and 9 wceks were equal or superior to 3 and 5 weeks, with mean yield of 4.92 t / ha. Entries B. decumbens CIAT 606, P. maximun CIAT 673, P. maximun (local), and P. purpureum cv. Mott were modcrately affected by insects. The entries P. maximun (local) and C. nlemfuensis EAP 138 showed moderate damage by discase.
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Guzzon, Filippo, Pedro Bello, Kent J. Bradford, María de los Angeles Mérida Guzman, and Denise E. Costich. "Enhancing seed conservation in rural communities of Guatemala by implementing the dry chain concept." Biodiversity and Conservation 29, no. 14 (October 13, 2020): 3997–4017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-020-02059-6.
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Abstract Seed conservation in rural communities of low- and middle-income countries located in tropical areas is particularly problematic, due to high relative humidity that promotes insect and fungal infestations and leads to rapid losses in seed viability. Seed conservation in those areas is affected by unreliable power supplies that do not allow the use of dehumidifying and refrigeration systems recommended for the long-term storage of seeds. We tested the dry chain, i.e., initial seed drying with a reusable desiccant in the form of zeolite beads followed by seed conservation in hermetic containers, in rural communities of Guatemala (Huehuetenango Department). In this region, a network of community seed reserves (CSRs) has been established to provide a safety backup for seed and to conserve local agrobiodiversity. Using a local maize variety in three communities, we compared the dry chain with the seed conservation methodology employed in the CSRs (i.e., undried seeds in hermetic flasks) as well as with seed conservation in open storage, both in the local CSR and in a farmer’s granary. Seed conserved using the dry chain treatment maintained very high seed viability (> 80%) throughout the whole experiment (6 months) and reduced fungal and insect infestations (< 3%). In the other treatments, the viability declined significantly to an average of 52% non-viable and 19% infested seeds after 6 months of storage. The dry chain was demonstrated to be an excellent solution for enhancing seed conservation in biodiversity hotspots of tropical areas as well as for improving seed security for farmers.
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Źrałka, Jarosław, and Katarzyna Radnicka. "Between the past and the present: the Ixil Maya and the discovery of rare mural paintings in Guatemala." Estudios Latinoamericanos 34 (December 31, 2014): 169–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.36447/estudios2014.v33-34.art7.
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The Ixil Maya area is located in Quiche Department of the north-western part of the Guatemalan Highlands. It has witnessed a continuous occupation since the 1st millennium BC till today. This archaeologically interesting region has provided many important discoveries of rare cultural mixture, with distinct features typical for both Maya Highlands and more distant Lowlands. Recently, the scholarly interest has focused on Chajul where a few years ago, in one of the local houses, well preserved wall paintings dated to the Colonial period were exposed by the house owner during the process of its renovation. With this extraordinary finding a question emerged - are we able to confirm the cultural continuity between the pre-Columbian settlers and modem Ixil who claim «to be always here»? This paper presents a brief outline of the history of the Ixil Maya. It also presents results of some recent and preliminary studies conducted by Polish scholars in this region.
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Yoshioka, Kota. "Impact of a community-based bug-hunting campaign on Chagas disease control: a case study in the department of Jalapa, Guatemala." Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 108, no. 2 (April 2013): 205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0074-0276108022013013.
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