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Journal articles on the topic 'GUAR GUM HYDROGEL'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 September 2023

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1

Pak, Sol-Ju, and Fang Chen. "Functional Enhancement of Guar Gum−Based Hydrogel by Polydopamine and Nanocellulose." Foods 12, no. 6 (March 18, 2023): 1304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12061304.

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The development of green, biomedical hydrogels using natural polymers is of great significance. From this viewpoint, guar gum (GG) has been widely used for hydrogel preparation; however, its mechanical strength and adhesion often cannot satisfy the biomedical application. Therefore, in the present study, gelatin and a cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) were first applied to overcome the defects of guar gum hydrogel. Dopamine was self−polymerized into polydopamine (PDA) on the gelatin chain at alkaline condition, and gelatin−polydopamine (Gel−PDA) further cross−linked with guar gum and CNC via the borate−didiol bond, intramolecular Schiff base reaction, and Michael addition. CNC not only interacted with guar gum using borate chemistry but also acted as a mechanical reinforcer. The obtained Gel−PDA+GG+CNC hydrogel had an excellent self−healing capacity, injectability, and adhesion due to the catechol groups of PDA. Moreover, dopamine introduction caused a significant increase in the anti−oxidant activity. This hydrogel was cyto− and hemo−compatible, which implies a potential usage in the medical field.

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2

Xiong, Yun, Xu Zhang, and Ming Zhu Liu. "Surface-Crosslinked Guar Gum-g-Sodium Polyacrylate Superabsorbents: Swelling Characteristics and Mechanics Performance." Applied Mechanics and Materials 729 (January 2015): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.729.39.

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Guar gum grafted sodium polyacrylate have been prepared via aqueous solution graft polymerization. Furthermore, the polymers were then surface-crosslinked using trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether (TMPTGE) to improve the properties of swollen hydrogel. Polymerization conditions were systematically optimized to achieve the optimum swelling capacity. FTIR and DSC spectra confirmed that sodium acrylate had been grafted onto guar gum chains. SEM observations showed morphology of the samples. The results confirmed that introducing guar gum into the superabsorbent could improve the swollen hydrogel mechanics performance, including hydrogel strength, resilience and dispersion, although making the water absorbency decreasing slightly. The good mechanics performance will make it feasible in hygiene application.

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3

Li, Yanli, Yucheng Feng, Jun Jing, and Fei Yang. "Cellulose/guar gum hydrogel microspheres as a magnetic anticancer drug carrier." BioResources 14, no. 2 (March 19, 2019): 3615–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.2.3615-3629.

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A novel magnetic anticancer drug carrier based on cellulose, guar gum, and Fe3O4 hydrogel microspheres was synthesized by chemical crosslinking. These microspheres were crosslinked with epoxy chloropropane and loaded with 5-fluorouracil (5-fu). The effect of the ratio of cellulose to guar gum on bead size, drug loading, and in vitro release behaviors were investigated. The influence of the magnetic content on drug loading and in vitro release behaviors were also evaluated. The magnetic hydrogel microspheres were characterized via an optical microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, swelling behavior analysis, vibrating sample magnetometer, and ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy. The results showed that as the ratio of cellulose to guar gum increased from 3:1 to 5:1, the particle size increased from 395 to 459 um. Moreover, the drug loading capacity, encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro release behavior were influenced by the ratio of cellulose/guar gum and Fe3O4 content. Finally, the Fe3O4 particle had an adsorption effect on the drug, thereby reducing the maximum cumulative release.

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4

Dai, Lei, Liqiang Zhang, Baobin Wang, Bo Yang, Iqbal Khan, Avik Khan, and Yonghao Ni. "Multifunctional self-assembling hydrogel from guar gum." Chemical Engineering Journal 330 (December 2017): 1044–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.08.041.

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5

Gutierrez-Reyes, Jazmín E., Martín Caldera-Villalobos, Juan J. Becerra-Rodriguez, Denis A. Cabrera-Munguía, and Jesús A. Claudio-Rizo. "Hydrogels Made up of Natural Gums Based on Polysaccharides for Applications in Biomedicine: Brief Review." Asian Journal of Applied Science and Technology 06, no. 01 (2022): 152–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.38177/ajast.2022.6118.

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Natural gums based on polysaccharides such as guar gum, gum arabic and xanthan gum possess structure and properties that have been used for various applications in pharmaceutical, food and biomedicine. Due to their high presence of hydroxyl and/or carboxylate groups in their glycosidic skeletons, they can retain water molecules, forming matrices in the hydrogel state. These hydrogels have high biocompatibility that has been exploited in the biomedical field in strategies as controlled release of therapeutic agents, regenerative medicine, tissue engineering and modulation of cell growth. The objective of this review is to detail the chemical characteristics of natural gums and their use for the design of different hydrogel systems for applications in biomedicine.

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6

Pandit, Bibhas. "Biodegradable Guar Gum Based Hydrogel for Pharmaceutical Application." Current Chemical Biology 11, no. 1 (April 27, 2017): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2212796811666170126125330.

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7

KIM, Sumin. "GUAR GUM HYDROGEL MICROBIAL FUEL CELL USING B.MEGATERIUM." European Journal of Materials Science and Engineering 6, no. 2 (June 20, 2021): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.36868/ejmse.2021.06.02.089.

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8

Jussen, Daniel, Sandeep Sharma, James K. Carson, and Kim L. Pickering. "Preparation and tensile properties of guar gum hydrogel films." Polymers and Polymer Composites 28, no. 3 (August 7, 2019): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967391119867560.

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Guar gum hydrogels may be dried to form polymer films which have the potential for use as biodegradable alternatives to polymers such as low-density polyethylene. In this study, the tensile strength and tensile modulus of guar gel films having moisture contents ranging between 15% and 18% (wet basis) were measured at a strain rate of 1 mm min−1. Mean tensile strengths of the films ranged between 25 MPa and 40 MPa (dependent on composition) which is of similar magnitude to the tensile strength data for polyethylene and cellophane that are reported in the literature. The mean tensile modulus of the films (1.5–2.5 GPa) was higher than the tensile modulus values reported for low-density polyethylene but comparable to those for cellophane (3 GPa).

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9

Cunha, Pablyana L. R., Rondinelle R. Castro, Francisco A. C. Rocha, and Judith P. A. Feitosa. "Hydrogel of Guar Gum in Experimental Osteoarthritis in Rats." Macromolecular Symposia 266, no. 1 (June 2008): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.200850609.

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10

Aman, Junaid, Navin Chandra Shahi, Umesh Chandra Lohani, Divya Balodhi, Rajat Singh, Naveen Kumar, Mohd Ishfaq Bhat, and Avvaru Praveen Kumar. "Process Optimization for Development of Guar Gum-Based Biodegradable Hydrogel Film Using Response Surface Methodology." Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications 2022 (August 16, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9180000.

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In the current study, a guar-gum-based biodegradable hydrogel film was prepared using an initiator (potassium persulfate), crosslinker (N-N methyl bis acrylamide), and plasticizer (glycerol) for packaging of fruits and vegetables. The effect of independent variables (initiator, crosslinker, and plasticizer) on the biodegradation (% wt. loss), color difference (ΔE), hardness (N), swelling index (%), and transparency (%) of the film was studied using Box–Behnken design, random surface methodology (RSM). The results showed significant effects on all the abovementioned parameters, and it was observed that the developed model was accurate, with a prediction error of only −3.19 to 2.99%. The optimized formulation for the preparation of hydrogel film was 0.15% initiator, 0.02% crosslinker, and 2.88% plasticizer exhibiting satisfactory biodegradability, color difference, hardness, swelling index, and transparency. Results showed that a guar-gum-based biodegradable hydrogel film has adequate physical, optical, and biodegradable properties and can be successfully utilized in the food packaging industry.

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11

Wang, Shibin, Hongbiao Tang, Jianchun Guo, and Kunjie Wang. "Effect of pH on the rheological properties of borate crosslinked hydroxypropyl guar gum hydrogel and hydroxypropyl guar gum." Carbohydrate Polymers 147 (August 2016): 455–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.04.029.

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12

Rajeswari, K. R., R. R. Reddy, A. Himabindu, M. Sudhakar, and A. Ramesh. "DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF MODIFIED RELEASE HYDROGEL BASED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS OF OSELTAMIVIR PHOSPHATE." INDIAN DRUGS 52, no. 10 (October 28, 2015): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.52.10.10371.

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Hydrogels are 3-dimensional hydrophilic polymeric networks composed of homo or co-polymers capable of imbibing large amounts of biological fluids. They can be tailored as modified release dosage forms for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. The present study was aimed to develop and characterize oral hydrogel based drug delivery systems of Oseltamivir phosphate by physical cross-linking polymerization technique using guar gum and starch as hydrophilic carriers and hydroxy ethyl methacrylate. The hydrogel tablets were dried and the drug was loaded by imbibition from the drug solution. The compatibility of drug with the polymers was confirmed by Infrared spectroscopy. Differential scanning calorimetric studies confirmed the nature of the drug in the hydrogel formulations. Surface morphology studied by scanning electron microscopy revealed the rough and contour outer surface. The hydrogel tablets were further studied for entrapment efficiency, swelling kinetics at various pH and in vitro drug release. The results showed a good entrapment efficiency of about 85.6% and the swelling rate was found to be 98.33 at higher pH. The percentage drug release was also higher as the pH increased and was found to be highest in F4 formulation (87.39%) in 24 hrs. Further, the release kinetics was observed to follow first order, super case II transport mechanism. The stability studies showed that the hydrogel formulations prepared using starch, guar gum and hydroxy ethyl methacrylate offer good stability to the drug. It was hence concluded that the hydrogel drug delivery systems could be appropriate as a modified release drug delivery system.

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13

Lan, Yanjiao, Zhoujian Xie, Ting Wang, Jianfang Lu, Pengfei Li, and Jianxin Jiang. "Characterization of Cross-Linking in Guar Gum Hydrogels via the Analysis of Thermal Decomposition Behavior and Water Uptake Kinetics." Sustainability 15, no. 12 (June 19, 2023): 9778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15129778.

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This study aimed to explore a test method for evaluating the effective cross-linking density of hydrogels. A guar gum–epichlorohydrin hydrogel (GEH) was prepared using guar gum (GG) as the raw material and epichlorohydrin (ECH) as the cross-linking agent. The thermal and mechanical properties, equilibrium swelling rate (ESR), water uptake (WU), and mass cross-linking degree of the hydrogels were assessed. Furthermore, the diffusion behavior of water molecules in the freeze-dried GEH was investigated. The experimental results showed the significance of the initial decomposition temperature (Ti) and final decomposition temperature (Tf) of the freeze-dried GEHs in determining the effective cross-linking density. The water uptake kinetics of the freeze-dried GEH was consistent with the linear fitting of the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and nonlinear fitting of the Fickian diffusion model, suggesting that chemisorption dominated the water absorption process in the GEH. Therefore, the effective cross-linking density of the hydrogels could be determined from the thermodynamic analysis and the diffusive behavior of water molecules in the gels. The thermal stability and water diffusion kinetics of the hydrogels were closely linked to the effective cross-linking density and pendant modification.

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14

Thakur, Sourbh, Bhawna Sharma, Ankit Verma, Jyoti Chaudhary, Sigitas Tamulevicius, and Vijay Kumar Thakur. "Recent approaches in guar gum hydrogel synthesis for water purification." International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization 23, no. 7 (September 24, 2018): 621–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1023666x.2018.1488661.

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15

Cunha, Pablyana L. R., Rondinelle R. Castro, Francisco A. C. Rocha, Regina C. M. de Paula, and Judith P. A. Feitosa. "Low viscosity hydrogel of guar gum: Preparation and physicochemical characterization." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 37, no. 1-2 (October 2005): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2005.09.001.

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16

Khan, Muhammad Umar Aslam, Iqra Iqbal, Mohamed Nainar Mohamed Ansari, Saiful Izwan Abd Razak, Mohsin Ali Raza, Amna Sajjad, Faiza Jabeen, Mohd Riduan Mohamad, and Norhana Jusoh. "Development of Antibacterial, Degradable and pH-Responsive Chitosan/Guar Gum/Polyvinyl Alcohol Blended Hydrogels for Wound Dressing." Molecules 26, no. 19 (September 30, 2021): 5937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26195937.

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The present research is based on the fabrication preparation of CS/PVA/GG blended hydrogel with nontoxic tetra orthosilicate (TEOS) for sustained paracetamol release. Different TEOS percentages were used because of their nontoxic behavior to study newly designed hydrogels’ crosslinking and physicochemical properties. These hydrogels were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and wetting to determine the functional, surface morphology, hydrophilic, or hydrophobic properties. The swelling analysis in different media, degradation in PBS, and drug release kinetics were conducted to observe their response against corresponding media. The FTIR analysis confirmed the components added and crosslinking between them, and surface morphology confirmed different surface and wetting behavior due to different crosslinking. In various solvents, including water, buffer, and electrolyte solutions, the swelling behaviour of hydrogel was investigated and observed that TEOS amount caused less hydrogel swelling. In acidic pH, hydrogels swell the most, while they swell the least at pH 7 or higher. These hydrogels are pH-sensitive and appropriate for controlled drug release. These hydrogels demonstrated that, as the ionic concentration was increased, swelling decreased due to decreased osmotic pressure in various electrolyte solutions. The antimicrobial analysis revealed that these hydrogels are highly antibacterial against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) and Gram negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) bacterial strains. The drug release mechanism was 98% in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) media at pH 7.4 in 140 min. To analyze drug release behaviour, the drug release kinetics was assessed against different mathematical models (such as zero and first order, Higuchi, Baker–Lonsdale, Hixson, and Peppas). It was found that hydrogel (CPG2) follows the Peppas model with the highest value of regression (R2 = 0.98509). Hence, from the results, these hydrogels could be a potential biomaterial for wound dressing in biomedical applications.

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17

Singh, Vinita, and Neelesh Chaubey. "Design and Evaluation of Topical Hydrogel Formulation of Aceclofenac for Improved Therapy." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 5 (September 15, 2019): 118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i5.3605.

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Aceclofenac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug has been used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. In order to decrease the gastric ulcerogenic effects, aceclofenac hydrogel have been developed. Topical gel preparations are intended for skin application or to certain mucosal surfaces for local action or transdermal penetration of medicament or for their emollient or protective action. Topical delivery of drugs can be achieved by incorporating drug into the gel matrix for effective delivery of drugs, thus avoiding first pass metabolism and for increased local action in pain management and skin diseases. NSAID’s are non-steroidal drugs having excellent anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity but NSAID’s produces GIT ulceration, liver and kidney trouble especially in case of oral administration. In view of adverse drug reaction associated with oral formulations, many NSAID’s are increasingly administered by topical route. Hydrophilic polymers like Guar gum and Carbopol 940 of varying concentrations were used in an attempt to develop topical hydrogel formulations of aceclofenac. Evaluation tests for visual appearance, pH, viscosity, spreadability, assay, in vitro drug release were carried out. In vitro diffusion study was carried out in a Franz diffusion cell using cellophane membrane. No prominent changes in physicochemical properties of formulation were observed after exposure to accelerated conditions of temperature (40 ± 2oC) and humidity conditions (75 ± 5%RH). The gel formulation consisting of 1% w/v Guar gum 1% w/v Carbopol 940 at 1:1 ratio was found to be suitable for topical application based on in vitro evaluation. These results suggest the feasibility of the topical gel formulation of aceclofenac. Keywords: Aceclofenac, Guar gum, Carbopol 940, Topical hydrogel, Franz diffusion cell

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18

Shaikh, Hamid M., Arfat Anis, Anesh Manjaly Poulose, Niyaz Ahamad Madhar, and Saeed M. Al-Zahrani. "Development of Bigels Based on Date Palm-Derived Cellulose Nanocrystal-Reinforced Guar Gum Hydrogel and Sesame Oil/Candelilla Wax Oleogel as Delivery Vehicles for Moxifloxacin." Gels 8, no. 6 (May 24, 2022): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8060330.

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Bigels are biphasic semisolid systems that have been explored as delivery vehicles in the food and pharmaceutical industries. These formulations are highly stable and have a longer shelf-life than emulsions. Similarly, cellulose-based hydrogels are considered to be ideal for these formulations due to their biocompatibility and flexibility to mold into various shapes. Accordingly, in the present study, the properties of an optimized guar gum hydrogel and sesame oil/candelilla wax oleogel-based bigel were tailored using date palm-derived cellulose nanocrystals (dp-CNC). These bigels were then explored as carriers for the bioactive molecule moxifloxacin hydrochloride (MH). The preparation of the bigels was achieved by mixing guar gum hydrogel and sesame oil/candelilla wax oleogel. Polarizing microscopy suggested the formation of the hydrogel-in-oleogel type of bigels. An alteration in the dp-CNC content affected the size distribution of the hydrogel phase within the oleogel phase. The colorimetry studies revealed the yellowish-white color of the samples. There were no significant changes in the FTIR functional group positions even after the addition of dp-CNC. In general, the incorporation of dp-CNC resulted in a decrease in the impedance values, except BG3 that had 15 mg dp-CNC in 20 g bigel. The BG3 formulation showed the highest firmness and fluidity. The release of MH from the bigels was quasi-Fickian diffusion mediated. BG3 showed the highest release of the drug. In summary, dp-CNC can be used as a novel reinforcing agent for bigels.

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19

Batool, Rukhsana, Jahanzeb Mudassir, Mahtab Ahmad Khan, Saman Zafar, Sadia Jafar Rana, Nasir Abbas, Amjad Hussain, Muhammad Sohail Arshad, and Sajjad Muhammad. "Fabrication and Characterization of Celecoxib-Loaded Chitosan/Guar Gum-Based Hydrogel Beads." Pharmaceuticals 16, no. 4 (April 6, 2023): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph16040554.

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The aim of this study was to fabricate celecoxib-loaded chitosan/guar gum (CS/GG) single (SC) and dual (DC) crosslinked hydrogel beads using the ionotropic gelation approach. The prepared formulations were evaluated for entrapment efficiency (EE%), loading efficiency (LE%), particle size and swelling studies. The performance efficiency was assessed by in vitro drug release, ex-vivo mucoadhesion, permeability, ex-in vivo swelling and in vivo anti-inflammatory studies. The EE% was found to be ~55% and ~44% for SC5 and DC5 beads, respectively. The LE% was ~11% and ~7% for SC5 and DC5 beads, respectively. The beads showed a matrix-like network with thick fibers. The particle size of beads ranged from ~2.74 to 1.91 mm. About 74% and 24% celecoxib was released from SC and DC hydrogel beads, respectively, within 24 h. The SC formulation showed higher %swelling and permeability than the DC counterpart, while the %mucoadhesion was relatively higher for DC beads. During the in vivo study, a significant decrease in the inflammation of the rat paw and inflammatory markers including C-reactive proteins (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) was observed following treatment with the prepared hydrogel beads; however, the SC formulation showed better therapeutic efficiency. In conclusion, celecoxib-loaded crosslinked CS/GG hydrogel beads can provide sustained drug release and act as potential candidates for managing inflammatory conditions.

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20

Wang, Wen Bo, and Ai Qin Wang. "Preparation, Swelling and Water-Retention Properties of Crosslinked Superabsorbent Hydrogels Based on Guar Gum." Advanced Materials Research 96 (January 2010): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.96.177.

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Utilization of natural polymer as matrix for preparing hydrogels can improve the performance of the materials and render them environmentally friendly. In this work, the guar gum-g-poly(sodium acrylate) (GG-g-PNaA) superabsorbent hydrogels were prepared by the solution graft copolymerization of natural guar gum (GG) with partially neutralized acrylic acid (NaA) using ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator and N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as crosslinker. FTIR spectra confirmed that NaA had been grafted on GG chains. The effects of reaction variables including the concentration of APS and MBA, the weight ratio of acrylic acid (AA) to GG and the neutralization degree of AA on water absorption were investigated. The superabsorbent hydrogel prepared under optimal condition gives the best absorption of 1107 g∙g–1 in distilled water and 88 g∙g–1 in 0.9 wt% NaCl solution. Effects of external pH on the swelling properties of hydrogels were investigated, and the practical water retention properties of the hydrogels were also evaluated. Results indicated that the hydrogels exhibited excellent pH-stability in a wide pH range from 4 to 11, and the water-retention capabilities of sand soils were also greatly improved after utilizing the superabsorbent hydrogels. This superabsorbent hydrogels could be used as potential eco-friendly water-saving materials for agricultural or ecological application.

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21

Coviello, T., P. Matricardi, F. Alhaique, R. Farra, G. Tesei, S. Fiorentino, F. Asaro, G. Milcovich, and M. Grassi. "Guar gum/borax hydrogel: Rheological, low field NMR and release characterizations." Express Polymer Letters 7, no. 9 (2013): 733–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3144/expresspolymlett.2013.71.

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22

Songara, Jaysukh C., and Jayantilal N. Patel. "Synthesis of guar gum-based hydrogel for sugarcane field solid conditioning." Journal of the Indian Chemical Society 98, no. 11 (November 2021): 100220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jics.2021.100220.

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23

Ullah, Rafi, Luqman Ali Shah, Mansoor Khan, and Latafat Ara. "Guar gum reinforced conductive hydrogel for strain sensing and electronic devices." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 246 (August 2023): 125666. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125666.

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24

Prado, Vinicius Costa, Kauani Moenke, Bárbara Felin Osmari, Natháli Schopf Pegoraro, Sara Marchesan Oliveira, and Letícia Cruz. "Development of Guar Gum Hydrogel Containing Sesamol-Loaded Nanocapsules Designed for Irritant Contact Dermatitis Treatment Induced by Croton Oil Application." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 1 (January 14, 2023): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15010285.

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Irritant contact dermatitis is usually treated with corticosteroids, which cause expressive adverse effects. Sesamol is a phenolic compound with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study was designed to evaluate a hydrogel containing sesamol-loaded ethylcellulose nanocapsules for the treatment of irritant contact dermatitis. The nanocapsules presented a size in the nanometric range, a negative zeta potential, a sesamol content close to the theoretical value (1 mg/mL), and a 65% encapsulation efficiency. Nanoencapsulation protected sesamol against UVC-induced degradation and increased the scavenging activity assessed by ABTS and DPPH radicals. The hydrogels were prepared by thickening the nanocapsule suspensions with guar gum (2.5%). The hydrogels maintained the nanometric size of the nanocapsules and a sesamol content of approximately 1 mg/g. The HET-CAM assay classified the hydrogels as nonirritating. The in vitro release of the hydrogel containing sesamol in the nanoencapsulated form demonstrated an initial burst effect followed by a prolonged sesamol release and a lower skin permeation in comparison with the hydrogel containing free sesamol. In addition, it exhibited the best anti-inflammatory effect in the irritant contact dermatitis model induced by croton oil, reducing ear edema and inflammatory cells infiltration, similar to dexamethasone (positive control). Therefore, the hydrogel containing sesamol in the nanoencapsulated form seemed to have a therapeutic potential in treating irritant contact dermatitis.

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25

Santoso, Shella Permatasari, Artik Elisa Angkawijaya, Vania Bundjaja, Chang-Wei Hsieh, Alchris Woo Go, Maria Yuliana, Hsien-Yi Hsu, Phuong Lan Tran-Nguyen, Felycia Edi Soetaredjo, and Suryadi Ismadji. "TiO2/guar gum hydrogel composite for adsorption and photodegradation of methylene blue." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 193 (December 2021): 721–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.044.

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26

Iqbal, Dure N., Sadia Shafiq, Shahzad M. Khan, Sobhy M. Ibrahim, Samar A. Abubshait, Arif Nazir, Mazhar Abbas, and Munawar Iqbal. "Novel chitosan/guar gum/PVA hydrogel: Preparation, characterization and antimicrobial activity evaluation." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 164 (December 2020): 499–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.139.

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27

Zhu, Jingjing, Shuang Guan, Qianqian Hu, Guanghui Gao, Kun Xu, and Pixin Wang. "Tough and pH-sensitive hydroxypropyl guar gum/polyacrylamide hybrid double-network hydrogel." Chemical Engineering Journal 306 (December 2016): 953–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.08.026.

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28

Huang, Yihong, Jun Lu, and Chaobo Xiao. "Thermal and mechanical properties of cationic guar gum/poly(acrylic acid) hydrogel membranes." Polymer Degradation and Stability 92, no. 6 (June 2007): 1072–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2007.02.011.

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29

George, M., and T. E. Abraham. "pH sensitive alginate–guar gum hydrogel for the controlled delivery of protein drugs." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 335, no. 1-2 (April 2007): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.11.009.

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30

Panariello, G., R. Favaloro, M. Forbicioni, E. Caputo, and R. Barbucci. "Synthesis of a New Hydrogel, Based on Guar Gum, for Controlled Drug Release." Macromolecular Symposia 266, no. 1 (June 2008): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.200850613.

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31

Kusuma, M. P., and Manisha N. S. Mogili. "Formulation and Development of β-glucan Hydrogel using Design of Experiments (DOE)." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY 12, no. 03 (June 30, 2022): 1266–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.12.3.56.

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β-Glucan, an endogenous carbohydrate, is a key functional ingredient found in barley and oats and a major component of microbiological and plant cell walls. With no severe adverse effects, it has anti-tumor, diabetic lowering, wound healing, anti-aging and anticholesteremic effects. Twenty formulations were prepared using different polymers like carbapol 934, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) K100M, HPMC K15M, guar gum and xantham gum. F1 formulation exhibited satisfactory results with respect to in-vitro drug release, spreadability, extrudability viscosity and drug content. In order to optimize the concentration of polymers used in F1 formulation, design 13 was opted. All the above 8 runs were subjected to evaluation tests, out of which F28 exhibited maximum drug release with optimum viscosity, spreadability and extrudability. The results correlated with the design with less percentage relative error. F28 formulation was observed to have positive correlation for ex-vivo drug release. Comparable wound healing activity was observed when performed on HaCaT cell lines.

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Ashames, Akram, Kaleem Ullah, Moawia Al-Tabakha, Shujaat Ali Khan, Nageeb Hassan, Abdul Mannan, Muhammad Ikram, Manal Buabeid, and Ghulam Murtaza. "Development, characterization and In-vitro evaluation of guar gum based new polymeric matrices for controlled delivery using metformin HCl as model drug." PLOS ONE 17, no. 7 (July 28, 2022): e0271623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271623.

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Currently, hydrogels are considered as ideal biomaterials due to their unique structure and characteristics that facilitates considerable hydrophilicity, swelling, drug loading and release. In this study, we report pH-responsive GG-MAA-AMPS hydrogel delivery system prepared via free radical polymerization technique. Hydrogels were loaded with Metformin HCl as a model drug. Hydrogels were characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FTIR confirmed the successful crosslinking of reactants, hydrogel network formation and drug loading. TGA and DSC proved the higher thermal stability of reactants after crosslinking and drug loading. XRD analysis showed decrease in crystallinity of drug after loading into the hydrogels. SEM revealed smooth and glassy appearance of both loaded and unloaded hydrogels. Gel content was increased with increase in concentration of reactants. Drug entrapment was decreased by increasing concentration of GG and AMPS while MAA acted inversely. Hydrogels displayed pH-dependent swelling and drug release behavior being high at pH 6.8 and 7.4 while low at acidic pH (1.2). Oral tolerability in rabbits showed that hydrogels were safe without causing any hematological or histopathological changes in healthy rabbits. Based on the obtained results, GG-MAA-AMPS can be considered as potential carrier for metformin HCl as well as other hydrophilic drugs.

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Wang, Yan, Mingrui Yang, and Zheng Zhao. "Facile fabrication of self-healing, injectable and antimicrobial cationic guar gum hydrogel dressings driven by hydrogen bonds." Carbohydrate Polymers 310 (June 2023): 120723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120723.

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Maiti, Sayoni, Pritisha S. Khillar, Debasish Mishra, N. Arunai Nambiraj, and Amit K. Jaiswal. "Physical and self–crosslinking mechanism and characterization of chitosan-gelatin-oxidized guar gum hydrogel." Polymer Testing 97 (May 2021): 107155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2021.107155.

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Pan, Xiaofeng, Qinhua Wang, Dengwen Ning, Lei Dai, Kai Liu, Yonghao Ni, Lihui Chen, and Liulian Huang. "Ultraflexible Self-Healing Guar Gum-Glycerol Hydrogel with Injectable, Antifreeze, and Strain-Sensitive Properties." ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering 4, no. 9 (August 2018): 3397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00657.

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Dai, Lei, Ting Cheng, Yan Wang, Baobin Wang, Chao Duan, Huizhen Ke, and Yonghao Ni. "A self-assembling guar gum hydrogel for efficient oil/water separation in harsh environments." Separation and Purification Technology 225 (October 2019): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2019.05.070.

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Barbucci, Rolando, Daniela Pasqui, Roberto Favaloro, and Giuseppe Panariello. "A thixotropic hydrogel from chemically cross-linked guar gum: synthesis, characterization and rheological behaviour." Carbohydrate Research 343, no. 18 (December 2008): 3058–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2008.08.029.

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Abdel-Halim, E. S., and Salem S. Al-Deyab. "Hydrogel from crosslinked polyacrylamide/guar gum graft copolymer for sorption of hexavalent chromium ion." Carbohydrate Polymers 86, no. 3 (August 2011): 1306–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.06.033.

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Murali, Ragothaman, Ponraj Vidhya, and Palanisamy Thanikaivelan. "Thermoresponsive magnetic nanoparticle – Aminated guar gum hydrogel system for sustained release of doxorubicin hydrochloride." Carbohydrate Polymers 110 (September 2014): 440–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.04.076.

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Khan, Muhammad Umar Aslam, Mohsin Ali Raza, Saiful Izwan Abd Razak, Mohammed Rafiq Abdul Kadir, Adnan Haider, Saqlain A. Shah, Abdul Halim Mohd Yusof, Sajjad Haider, Imran Shakir, and Saira Aftab. "Novel functional antimicrobial and biocompatible arabinoxylan/guar gum hydrogel for skin wound dressing applications." Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 14, no. 10 (August 17, 2020): 1488–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/term.3115.

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Vadlamudi, H. C., Raju Y. Prasanna, Y. B. Rubia, J. Vulava, and K. R. Vandana. "IN VITRO CHARACTERISTICS OF MODIFIED PULSINCAP FORMULATION WITH MESALAMINE FOR ULCERATIVE COLITIS TREATMENT." INDIAN DRUGS 51, no. 03 (March 28, 2014): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.51.03.p0035.

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The present work aims at fabricating the colon specific drug delivery of mesalamine (MES) by modified pulsincap technique and using natural polysaccharides. Mesalamine being poorly water soluble drug, solubility has been increased by solid dispersion technique using natural polymers such as guar gum (GG), hupu gum (HG) and xanthan gum (XG). Solid dispersions were prepared by kneading method at 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 weight ratios (drug:polymer). The solid dispersions were characterized by FTIR, DSC studies and evaluated for practical yield, drug content. Saturation solubility, pH dependent solubility, phase solubility studies and dissolution studies were carried out. The solubility of the formulated solid dispersions was high when compared to pure drug. The order of drug release from the solid dispersions prepared by different gums are as follows GG>HG>XG and different ratio exhibited release as 1:3>1:2>1:1. The optimized solid dispersions have been exploited in the formulation of pulsincaps. Bodies were made insoluble by formaldehyde treatment. Solid dispersions of mesalamine were filled in the bodies. Guar gum (GG) was used as hydrogel plug. Sealing of body and cap was done using ethyl cellulose. Ethyl cellulose coating was employed on pulsincaps to ensure the capsule empties from the stomach intact. The pulsincaps were assessed for their dissolution profiles. Percent MES release from pulsincaps prepared with pure MES, MES-GG, MES-HG and MES-XG solid dispersions were found to be 63.22, 96.25, 94.90 and 93.05 respectively. Our studies have shown very effective and desirable mesalamine release profiles by pulsincap formulations at simulated colon pH condition, which can enable the drug delivery specifically at colon segment.

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Cabrera-Munguia, Denis A., Ana D. Barba-Padilla, Jesús A. Claudio-Rizo, Martín Caldera-Villalobos, Juan J. Mendoza-Villafaña, María I. León-Campos, Tirso E. Flores-Guía, and Lucía F. Cano-Salazar. "Physicochemical and Biological Characterization of Composites in Hydrogel State made of Collagen, Guar gum and Calcium/Aminoacid based MOFs." Asian Journal of Basic Science & Research 05, no. 01 (2023): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.38177/ajbsr.2023.5107.

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Calcium/aminoacids based MOFs (CaHis, CaPhe, and CaTrp) were synthesized by the hydrothermal method. Then, these materials were applied as a filler in the synthesis of composites in hydrogel state based on the biopolymer matrix of collagen -guar gum (CG). The calcium MOFs materials were characterized by ATR-FTIR and XRD, while the morphology, the degradation profile, crosslinking and swelling degree, proliferation and cell viability of porcine dermis fibroblasts were the characteristics analyzed for the composites i n hydrogel state. The results indicated that the incorporation of Ca-MOFs into the CG matrix enhances the physicochemical properties of CG, but without affecting their biocompatibility. In this way, the CG-CaTrp demonstrated to be the material with the best physicochemical and biological properties for potential application in tissue engineering of skin.

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Shaikh, Bilal Jilani, Indrayani D. Raut, Manojkumar M. Nitalikar, Shrinivas K. Mohite, and Chandrakant S. Magdum. "An Overview on In-Situ Gel: A Novel Drug Delivery System." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology(IJPSN) 15, no. 5 (October 1, 2022): 6180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2022.15.5.10.

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Controlled and sustained drug delivery has recently become the industry standard, and extensive research has been conducted in order to improve drug product effectiveness, reliability, and safety. The ‘in-situ gel' system has emerged as one of the best innovative drug delivery systems; its unique feature of ‘Sol to Gel' transition aids in the sustained and controlled release of drugs. A formulation that is in solution form before entering the body, but changes to gel form under certain physiological conditions, is known as an in-situ gelling system. The advantages of in-situ forming polymeric delivery systems, including simplicity of administration and reduced frequency of administration, increased patient compliance and comfort, have spurred attention. In-situ gels are a type of hydrogel that starts off as a solution and gels when exposed to bodily fluids or changes in pH. Guar gum, gellan gum, xanthan gum, carrageenan, xyloglucan, pectin, chitosan, and thiolated chitosan are some of the polymers employed in in-situ gelling systems. This review focused on introduction, advantages and disadvantages, approaches and mechanism, preparation methods, polymers used, characterization as well as applications.

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Xu, Xiuru, Chubin He, Feng Luo, Hao Wang, and Zhengchun Peng. "Robust Conductive Hydrogels with Ultrafast Self-Recovery and Nearly Zero Response Hysteresis for Epidermal Sensors." Nanomaterials 11, no. 7 (July 19, 2021): 1854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11071854.

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Robust conductive hydrogels are in great demand for the practical applications of smart soft robots, epidermal electronics, and human–machine interactions. We successfully prepared nanoparticles enhanced polyacrylamide/hydroxypropyl guar gum/acryloyl-grafted chitosan quaternary ammonium salt/calcium ions/SiO2 nanoparticles (PHC/Ca2+/SiO2 NPs) conductive hydrogels. Owing to the stable chemical and physical hybrid crosslinking networks and reversible non-covalent interactions, the PHC/Ca2+/SiO2 NPs conductive hydrogel showed good conductivity (~3.39 S/m), excellent toughness (6.71 MJ/m3), high stretchability (2256%), fast self-recovery (80% within 10 s, and 100% within 30 s), and good fatigue resistance. The maximum gauge factor as high as 66.99 was obtained, with a wide detectable strain range (from 0.25% to 500% strain), the fast response (25.00 ms) and recovery time (86.12 ms), excellent negligible response hysteresis, and good response stability. The applications of monitoring the human’s body movements were demonstrated, such as wrist bending and pulse tracking.

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Li, Xin, Xiaohong Wang, Tiantian Han, Chen Hao, Shiqi Han, and Xiangbo Fan. "Synthesis of sodium lignosulfonate-guar gum composite hydrogel for the removal of Cu2+ and Co2+." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 175 (April 2021): 459–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.018.

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Wang, Baobin, Lei Dai, Guihua Yang, Guida Bendrich, Yonghao Ni, and Guigan Fang. "A highly efficient thermo responsive palladium nanoparticles incorporated guar gum hydrogel for effective catalytic reactions." Carbohydrate Polymers 226 (December 2019): 115289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115289.

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Soppimath, Kumaresh S., Anandrao R. Kulkarni, and Tejraj M. Aminabhavi. "Controlled release of antihypertensive drug from the interpenetrating network poly(vinyl alcohol)–guar gum hydrogel microspheres." Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition 11, no. 1 (January 2000): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156856200743472.

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Sharma, Gaurav, Amit Kumar, Chetali Chauhan, Andrew Okram, Shweta Sharma, Deepak Pathania, and Susheel Kalia. "Pectin-c rosslinked -guar gum/SPION nanocomposite hydrogel for adsorption of m-cresol and o-chlorophenol." Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy 6 (December 2017): 96–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scp.2017.10.003.

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Deka, Rishikesh, Sanjib Sarma, Parinita Patar, Parikshit Gogoi, and Jayanta K. Sarmah. "Highly stable silver nanoparticles containing guar gum modified dual network hydrogel for catalytic and biomedical applications." Carbohydrate Polymers 248 (November 2020): 116786. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116786.

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Bandyopadhyay, Smarak, Nabanita Saha, Urška Vrabič Brodnjak, and Petr Sáha. "Bacterial cellulose and guar gum based modified PVP-CMC hydrogel films: Characterized for packaging fresh berries." Food Packaging and Shelf Life 22 (December 2019): 100402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fpsl.2019.100402.

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