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Hortelano Mínguez, Luís Alfonso, and Antonio Martínez Puche. "Primeras Jornadas de Campo del Grupo de Trabajo en Desarrollo Local de la Asociación Española de Geografía (GTDL-AGE)." TERRA: Revista de Desarrollo Local, no. 10 (July 26, 2022): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/terra.10.24264.
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Resumen: Las Jornadas de Campo constituyen una de las herramientas didácticas con mayor arraigo en la Geografía y, tras la parálisis de las actividades educativas en el territorio determinada por la pandemia de la Covid-19, el Grupo de Trabajo en Desarrollo Local (GTDL) de la Asociación Española de Geografía (AGE) pretende recuperar esta práctica. Los diversos espacios geográficos, con sus dinámicas y transformaciones, se erigen en ámbitos de estudio a modo de laboratorios para el conocimiento y la interrelación con los vecinos y los agentes socioeconómicos («stakeholders»). La propuesta de estas primeras jornadas de campo, se centraron en el acercamiento a los núcleos de cabecera y otras villas históricas de las comarcas naturales salmantinas de Salvatierra y Entresierras, Béjar y Alto Tormes. El objetivo general fue el análisis de dos casos contrastados, por un lado, la ciudad de Béjar que padece las derivadas de la crisis del sector textil lanero y, por otro lado, la villa de Guijuelo que emerge con fuerza por el éxito del «saber de hacer» («know-how») secular en el tratamiento y curado de las carnes del cerdo ibérico. También abordamos la temática de la despoblación en la comarca del Alto Tormes y focalizado en el municipio de Puente del Congosto. Estas se celebraron el 25 y 26 de marzo de 2022.
Palabras clave: espacios rurales, desarrollo territorial, despoblación, turismo, ciudadanía, salida de campo.
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Calsavara, Vinicius F., Eder A. Milani, Eduardo Bertolli, and Vera Tomazella. "Long-term frailty modeling using a non-proportional hazards model: Application with a melanoma dataset." Statistical Methods in Medical Research 29, no. 8 (November 6, 2019): 2100–2118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280219883905.
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The semiparametric Cox regression model is often fitted in the modeling of survival data. One of its main advantages is the ease of interpretation, as long as the hazards rates for two individuals do not vary over time. In practice the proportionality assumption of the hazards may not be true in some situations. In addition, in several survival data is common a proportion of units not susceptible to the event of interest, even if, accompanied by a sufficiently large time, which is so-called immune, “cured,” or not susceptible to the event of interest. In this context, several cure rate models are available to deal with in the long term. Here, we consider the generalized time-dependent logistic (GTDL) model with a power variance function (PVF) frailty term introduced in the hazard function to control for unobservable heterogeneity in patient populations. It allows for non-proportional hazards, as well as survival data with long-term survivors. Parameter estimation was performed using the maximum likelihood method, and Monte Carlo simulation was conducted to evaluate the performance of the models. Its practice relevance is illustrated in a real medical dataset from a population-based study of incident cases of melanoma diagnosed in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.
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Smith, Stephen, and Jean McMahon. "With Demand Lacking, Smallpox Vaccine Expiring." International Journal of Health Services 34, no. 1 (January 2004): 173–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/gtdl-6h9n-87b9-2rp6.
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Calvo-Garrido, Carlos, Aurélie Songy, Ariadna Marmol, Rafael Roda, Christophe Clément, and Florence Fontaine. "Description of the relationship between trunk disease expression and meteorological conditions, irrigation and physiological response in Chardonnay grapevines." OENO One 55, no. 2 (April 20, 2021): 97–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2021.55.2.4548.
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Esca disease and Botryosphaeria dieback are currently considered as serious grapevine diseases which affect vineyard health and induce economic losses. Both of these trunk diseases (GTDs) are caused by a complex of pathogens, and foliar expression is influenced by several factors, including environmental factors such as water stress. To manage water stress in some vine areas, culture practice based on irrigation systems for limiting water stress have been developed; however, little knowledge of the influence of such systems on GTD emergence is currently available. The present paper addresses the impact of irrigation systems and climatic factors (rainfall and temperature) on the expression of GTDs, specifically esca and Botryosphaeria dieback. A field experiment on Chardonnay in North East Spain, a vine growing area where drought is present and which is managed by an irrigation system, was therefore carried out during a 3-year period. The water stress impact on GTD expression was evaluated by measuring the GTD incidence and analysing different physiological parameters at different phenological stages, including principal component analysis and gene expression. The main finding of this study was the significant roles of vine transpiration and water availability, which depend on irrigation volume and rainfall amount; together, they may explain the erratic symptom expression in plants infected by GTD fungi depending on the year. All these parameters are discussed to better understand the relationship between GTD expression, irrigation system and climatic factors.
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Chacón-Vozmediano, Juan L., David Gramaje, Maela León, Josep Armengol, Juan Moral, Pedro M. Izquierdo-Cañas, and Jesús Martínez-Gascueña. "Cultivar Susceptibility to Natural Infections Caused by Fungal Grapevine Trunk Pathogens in La Mancha Designation of Origin (Spain)." Plants 10, no. 6 (June 9, 2021): 1171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10061171.
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Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are one of the main biotic stress factors affecting this crop. The use of tolerant grapevine cultivars would be an interesting and sustainable alternative strategy to control GTDs. To date, most studies about cultivar susceptibility have been conducted under controlled conditions, and little information is available about tolerance to natural infections caused by GTD fungi. The objectives of this study were: (i) to identify tolerant cultivars to GTD fungi within a Spanish germplasm collection, based on external symptoms observed in the vineyard; and (ii) to characterize the pathogenic mycoflora associated with symptomatic vines. For this purpose, a grapevine germplasm collection including 22 white and 25 red cultivars was monitored along three growing seasons, and their susceptibility for esca foliar symptoms was assessed. Fungi were identified by using morphological and molecular methods. Cultivars such as, ‘Monastrell’, ‘Graciano’, ‘Cabernet Franc’, ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, ‘Syrah’, ‘Moscatel de Alejandría’, ‘Sauvignon Blanc’, and ‘Airén’ displayed high susceptibility to GTDs, whereas others such as ‘Petit Verdot’, ‘Pinot Noir’, ‘Chardonnay’, and ‘Riesling’ were considered as tolerant. The prevalent fungal species isolated from symptomatic vines were Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (27.9% of the fungal isolates), Cryptovalsa ampelina (24.6%), and Dothiorella sarmentorum (21.3%).
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Thakuria, Sailendra K., Monoj K. Deka, and Shah A. Sheikh. "A clinicopathological study of gestational trophoblastic disease in a tertiary care centre of southern Assam." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 9, no. 4 (March 26, 2021): 1169. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20211370.
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Background: Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) covers a wide spectrum of benign and malignant conditions that arise from pregnancies with abnormal trophoblastic tissue development. It is a source of significant morbidity as well as increased risk of mortality from their complications if not identified and treated early enough. Our study aimed at the various clinicopathological features of GTDs along with their prevalence in a tertiary care centre.Methods: It was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted over a period of 3 years from January 2017 to December 2019. All GTD cases were retrieved from department registries and analysed.Results: Out of 60 diagnosed cases of GTDs, 57 cases (95%) were Hydatiform mole. Invasive mole and choriocarcinoma were 2 cases (3%) and 1 cases (2%) respectively. Age ranged from 18-37 years. The most commonly affected age group was 20-25 years with 33 cases (55%). Most cases were presented in the first trimester presenting with bleeding per vagina. The majority of GTD cases belonged to blood group A and 50,000-<1,00,000 mlU/mL beta HCG level.Conclusions: Histopathological examination is helpful for confirmation of diagnosis.It is very important to follow up of such patients for early diagnosis of malignant trophoblastic tumors.
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Lade, Sarah B., Dora Štraus, Arnau Buñol, and Jonàs Oliva. "Hot Water Treatment Causes Lasting Alteration to the Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Mycobiome and Reduces Pathogenic Species Causing Grapevine Trunk Diseases." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 5 (May 6, 2022): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8050485.
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The effective management of grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) is an ongoing challenge. Hot water treatment (HWT) is an environmentally friendly and economically viable option; however, the short-term effects of HWT on grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) health and production are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of HWT on plant growth and fungal community structure in nursery stock until plants were completely established in the field. We assessed eleven graft and three rootstock varieties from four local nurseries in a region of Catalonia (NE Spain) where GTDs are a serious threat. After treatment, the plants were left to grow under field conditions for two growing seasons. Metabarcoding of the ITS region was used to study the mycobiomes of plant graft unions and root collars. We also assessed the influence of plant physiological indicators in community composition. Hot water treatment caused lasting changes in GTD communities in both the root collar and graft union that were not always characterized as a reduction of GTD-related fungi. However, HWT reduced the relative abundance of some serious GTD-associated pathogens such as Cadophora luteo-olivacea in graft tissues, and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Neofusicoccum parvum in the root collar. Treatment had the greatest influence on the total and GTD-related fungal communities of Chardonnay and Xarel·lo, respectively. Total community variation was driven by treatment and nursery in rootstocks, whereas HWT most significantly affected the GTD community composition in R-110 rootstock. In conclusion, changes in fungal abundance were species-specific and mostly dependent on the plant tissue type; however, HWT did reduce plant biomass accumulation in the short-term.
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Tuppin, Philippe, Sébastien Rivière, David Deutsch, Christelle Gastaldi-Menager, and Jean-Marc Sabaté. "Burden of drug use for gastrointestinal symptoms and functional gastrointestinal disorders in France: a national study using reimbursement data for 57 million inhabitants." Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology 12 (January 2019): 175628481985379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1756284819853790.
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Background: Gastrointestinal therapeutic drugs (GTDs) are extensively prescribed. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of GTD use in a large population: the French general health scheme beneficiaries (87% of the 66 million inhabitants) in 2016. Methods: The national health data system was used to identify individual characteristics, diseases and GTD classes reimbursed, together with the costs, using anatomical therapeutic chemical class. Results: Among the 57.5 million individuals included, 45% received at least one reimbursement among the 130 million prescriptions reimbursed (90% prescribed by a general practitioner): proton-pump inhibitors (PPI; A02BC: 24%), drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders (A03: 20%), drugs for constipation (A06: 10%), antidiarrheals, intestinal anti-inflammatory/anti-infective agents (A07: 10%), antiemetics and antinauseants (A04: 7%), other drugs for acid-related disorders (A02X: 6%), other drugs for peptic ulcer and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (A02BX: 4.5%), antacids (A02A: 1.5%). The overall cost of reimbursed GTDs was €707 million and the mean cost per user was €28. Marked variations were observed according to age, sex, and disease. The rates of at least one reimbursement among infants were A07: 28%, A03: 17%, A02BX: 9%, A02X: 7%, A02BC: 6% and A06: 5%. Women more frequently received a reimbursement than men for each GTD class. Reimbursement rates also varied according to health status (end-stage renal disease A02BC: 66%, pregnancy A03: 53%, A04: 11%), treatments (people with at least six reimbursements for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in 2016 A02BC: 62%). Chronic GTD use (>10 reimbursements/year) was observed in 19% of people with at least one A02BC reimbursement, A02BX: 11%, A03: 7%, A04: 2%, A06: 17% and A07: 3%. Conclusions: This study demonstrates extensive and chronic use of GTD in France, raising the question of their relevance according to current guidelines. They must be disseminated to general practitioners, who are the main prescribers of these drugs.
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CLAVERIE, Marion, Martin NOTARO, Florence FONTAINE, and Jacques WERY. "Current knowledge on Grapevine Trunk Diseases with complex etiology: a systemic approach." Phytopathologia Mediterranea 59, no. 1 (April 16, 2020): 29–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/phyto-11150.
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Among all causes of grapevine decline, Grapevine Trunk Diseases (GTDs) are major concerns for grape growers. This paper reviews knowledge and proposes hypotheses on two major GTDs, esca and Botryosphaeria dieback, and assembles a conceptual model. The objective was to collect information into a sequence, from grapevine nursery propagation processes, through foliar symptom expression, to plant death in mature vineyards. Pathogen infection and colonization steps in woody vine tissues, and the hypotheses that have been formulated to explain the outburst of foliar symptoms, are reported and discussed. Factors that could aggravate or repress GTD symptoms and incidence expansion are also addressed. Vine physiology and pathology together could expand understanding of these diseases. Knowledge and hypotheses that need validation are summarized, and a conceptual model is proposed to explain the occurrence of symptoms and the influencing factors. The model could be useful to cope with the complexity of GTDs, and as a starting point for research to unravel knowledge gaps and suggest new disease management strategies.
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Ikechukwu, Obetta Hillary, Hadiza Abdullah Usman, and Nweze Sylvester Onuegunam. "A Five-Year Retrospective Study of Gestational Trophoblastic Disease at University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital Maiduguri, Nigeria." International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research 6, no. 2 (June 29, 2021): 228–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijshr.20210441.
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Background: Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is an uncommon complication of pregnancy. It is of clinical and epidemiological interest partly because of its good prognosis if detected and managed early. Objective: This study was to determine the prevalence, clinical presentation, management outcome and histologic types of GTDs at University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria. Methodology: A five-year retrospective study of histologically confirmed cases of GTDs managed in UMTH was undertaken. Folders of patient treated for GTD during the study period served as source of data. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Results: There were a total of 47 (38 molar and 9 choriocarcinoma) cases of GTDs that were diagnosed and managed at UMTH. However, only 40[31(77.5%)] molar and [9(22.5%) choriocarcinoma] case files were retrieved. 55% of the GTDs were complete hydatidiform mole, 22.5% partial hydatidiform mole and 22.5% choriocarcinoma. There was no case of invasive mole or placental site trophoblastic tumour noted. There were 15,426 deliveries in UMTH during this period giving the incidence of GTDs as 3.0 per 1000 deliveries or 1 in 328deliveries. The mean (SD) age of the patients was 30.5 ± 5.6years. Only 3(7.5%) of the patients were below 20 years of age and those who were at least 40 years of age constituted 8(20%). Low parity constituted 62.5% of the patients while 12.5% and 2.5% were nullipara and primipara respectively. The mean gestational age (SD) at presentation was 16.5±6.2 weeks. The common clinical presentations were amenorrhoea (100.0%), abnormal vaginal bleeding (97.5%), lower abdominal pain (90%) and passage of grape-like vesicles (45.0%). Only 6(15.0%) complied with the follow-up protocol for one year, while 25(62.5%) of the patients did not observe the follow-up protocol. Anaemia was the commonest complication observed. Conclusion: Gestational trophoblastic disease is relatively common in our center with an incidence of 3.0 per 1000 deliveries and 1.48% of our gynaecological admissions. Adequate patient counseling and compliance to follow-up are recommend for good outcome. Keywords: Prevalence, gestational trophoblastic disease, Hydatidiform mole, Choriocarcinoma, Maiduguri.
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Singh, Alka, and Reena Shrestha. "Patient profile of gestational trophoblastic disease at Patan Hospital, Nepal." Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences 2, no. 1 (January 18, 2015): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpahs.v2i1.20332.
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Introductions: This study was designed to determine the demographic pattern, incidence, clinical features and management outcome of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) in Patan Hospital.Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted at Patan Hospital from April 13, 2008 to April 12, 2013. Medical record of cases diagnosed as GTD were retrieved from the record section for review. The age, parity, estimated gestational age at the time of evacuation, presence or absence of vaginal bleeding, uterine size in relation to gestational age, ultrasonogram report and urinary beta human chorionic gonadotropin level, histopathology findings, modalities of treatment and outcomes were analyzed.Results: There was total of 41,543 deliveries during five years study period and 54 GTD on histopathology. Among the 54 GTDs, 40 (74%) were molar pregnancy, 8 (14.4%) invasive mole and 6 (11%) choriocarcinoma. The frequency of GTD was 1 per 769 pregnancies. The age of the women with GTD ranged from 15-50 years. Half of the cases were below 25 years. Most of the women presented between 8-12 weeks of gestation and below third gravida. Amenorrhea with vaginal bleeding was seen in 49 (90%) patients.Conclusions: The most common GTD observed in this study was molar pregnancy. Vaginal bleeding was the common complaints at presentation.Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2015. page: 3-6
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Gramaje, David, José Ramón Úrbez-Torres, and Mark R. Sosnowski. "Managing Grapevine Trunk Diseases With Respect to Etiology and Epidemiology: Current Strategies and Future Prospects." Plant Disease 102, no. 1 (January 2018): 12–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-17-0512-fe.
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Fungal trunk diseases are some of the most destructive diseases of grapevine in all grape growing areas of the world. Management of GTDs has been intensively studied for decades with some great advances made in our understanding of the causal pathogens, their epidemiology, impact, and control. However, due to the breadth and complexity of the problem, no single effective control measure has been developed. Management of GTD must be holistic and integrated, with an interdisciplinary approach conducted in both nurseries and vineyards that integrates plant pathology, agronomy, viticulture, microbiology, epidemiology, biochemistry, physiology, and genetics. In this review, we identify a number of areas of future prospect for effective management of GTDs worldwide, which, if addressed, will provide a positive outlook on the longevity of vineyards in the future.
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Mulik, Jayashree, and Archana Choudhary. "Clinical study of gestational trophoblastic disease in a tertiary care hospital." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 7 (June 25, 2020): 2964. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20202741.
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Background: Gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTDs) had been associated with significant morbidity and mortality till recently. Wide variation in incidences have been reported worldwide. The present study was planned with the objective of determination of incidence, assessment of risk factors, clinical presentation, management protocols and outcomes in GTD cases in Indian population at a tertiary care centre.Methods: All the diagnosed cases of GTD reporting to study centre during study period of 1.5 years were included. Detailed history taking, examination and relevant investigations (Hb%, blood grouping, thyroid functions, serum ß-hCG, USG and chest X-ray) were undertaken. Suction and evacuation were done for all patients as primary mode of management and samples were sent for histopathological examination. Comprehensive follow ups were done, including weekly ß-hCG until normal for 3 consecutive weeks followed by monthly determination until the levels were normal for 6 consecutive months.Results: Total 22 cases out of 19500 deliveries were diagnosed as GTD (incidence rate-1.13/1000 deliveries). Mean age was 23.64±3.89 years with 50% participants being primigravida. The commonest symptom after amenorrhea 22 (100%) was bleeding per-vaginum 15 (68.2%). Maximum cases were of complete hydatidiform mole histopathology 16 (72.73%), USG 19 (86.4%). Clinical characteristics were statistically comparable between patients of complete mole and partial mole. Out of 22 cases, 1 (4.5%) was diagnosed as GTN.Conclusions: Early diagnosis and treatment along with regular follow up is the key in GTD. There is need to establish a centralized disease specific registry in future.
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Lade, Sarah B., Dora Štraus, and Jonàs Oliva. "Variation in Fungal Community in Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) Nursery Stock Depends on Nursery, Variety and Rootstock." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 1 (January 3, 2022): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8010047.
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Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are caused by cryptic complexes of fungal pathogens and have become a growing problem for new grapevine (Vitis vinifera) plantations. We studied the role of the nursery, variety, and rootstock in the composition of the fungal communities in root collars and graft unions of planting material in Catalonia (NE Spain). We compared necrosis and fungal communities in graft unions and root collars at harvest, and then after three months of cold storage. We evaluated combinations of eleven red and five white varieties with four common rootstocks coming from six nurseries. Fungal communities were characterized by isolation and metabarcoding of the ITS2 region. Our data suggests that nursery followed by rootstock and variety had significant effects on necrosis and fungal community structure in graft and root tissues. Within the plant, we found large differences in terms fungal community distribution between graft and root tissues. Graft unions housed a significantly higher relative abundance of GTD-related Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) than root collars. More severe necrosis was correlated with a lower relative abundance of GTD-related OTUs based on isolation and metabarcoding analyses. Our results suggest that nurseries and therefore their plant production practices play a major role in determining the fungal and GTD-related fungal community in grapevine plants sold for planting. GTD variation across rootstocks and varieties could be explored as a venue for minimizing pathogen load in young plantations.
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Bustamante, Marcelo I., Karina Elfar, and Akif Eskalen. "Evaluation of the Antifungal Activity of Endophytic and Rhizospheric Bacteria against Grapevine Trunk Pathogens." Microorganisms 10, no. 10 (October 14, 2022): 2035. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10102035.
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Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are caused by multiple unrelated fungal pathogens, and their management remains difficult worldwide. Biocontrol is an attractive and sustainable strategy given the current need for a cleaner viticulture. In this study, twenty commercial vineyards were sampled across California to isolate endophytic and rhizospheric bacteria from different grapevine cultivars with the presence and absence of GTD symptoms. A collection of 1344 bacterial isolates were challenged in vitro against Neofusicoccum parvum and Diplodia seriata, from which a subset of 172 isolates exerted inhibition levels of mycelial growth over 40%. Bacterial isolates were identified as Bacillus velezensis (n = 154), Pseudomonas spp. (n = 12), Serratia plymuthica (n = 2) and others that were later excluded (n = 4). Representative isolates of B. velezensis, P. chlororaphis, and S. plymuthica were challenged against six other fungal pathogens responsible for GTDs. Mycelial inhibition levels were consistent across bacterial species, being slightly higher against slow-growing fungi than against Botryosphaeriaceae. Moreover, agar-diffusible metabolites of B. velezensis strongly inhibited the growth of N. parvum and Eutypa lata, at 1, 15, and 30% v/v. The agar-diffusible metabolites of P. chlororaphis and S. plymuthica, however, caused lower inhibition levels against both pathogens, but their volatile organic compounds showed antifungal activity against both pathogens. These results suggest that B. velezensis, P. chlororaphis and S. plymuthica constitute potential biocontrol agents (BCAs) against GTDs and their application in field conditions should be further evaluated.
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Liu, Bo, Ian Gemp, Mohammad Ghavamzadeh, Ji Liu, Sridhar Mahadevan, and Marek Petrik. "Proximal Gradient Temporal Difference Learning: Stable Reinforcement Learning with Polynomial Sample Complexity." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 63 (November 15, 2018): 461–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.1.11251.
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In this paper, we introduce proximal gradient temporal difference learning, which provides a principled way of designing and analyzing true stochastic gradient temporal difference learning algorithms. We show how gradient TD (GTD) reinforcement learning methods can be formally derived, not by starting from their original objective functions, as previously attempted, but rather from a primal-dual saddle-point objective function. We also conduct a saddle-point error analysis to obtain finite-sample bounds on their performance. Previous analyses of this class of algorithms use stochastic approximation techniques to prove asymptotic convergence, and do not provide any finite-sample analysis. We also propose an accelerated algorithm, called GTD2-MP, that uses proximal "mirror maps" to yield an improved convergence rate. The results of our theoretical analysis imply that the GTD family of algorithms are comparable and may indeed be preferred over existing least squares TD methods for off-policy learning, due to their linear complexity. We provide experimental results showing the improved performance of our accelerated gradient TD methods.
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Turowski, Valeria R., Diego M. Ruiz, Andrey F. Z. Nascimento, Claudia Millán, Massimo D. Sammito, Judith Juanhuix, Aline Sampaio Cremonesi, Isabel Usón, Priscila O. Giuseppe, and Mario T. Murakami. "Structure of the class XI myosin globular tail reveals evolutionary hallmarks for cargo recognition in plants." Acta Crystallographica Section D Structural Biology 77, no. 4 (March 30, 2021): 522–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2059798321001583.
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The plant-specific class XI myosins (MyoXIs) play key roles at the molecular, cellular and tissue levels, engaging diverse adaptor proteins to transport cargoes along actin filaments. To recognize their cargoes, MyoXIs have a C-terminal globular tail domain (GTD) that is evolutionarily related to those of class V myosins (MyoVs) from animals and fungi. Despite recent advances in understanding the functional roles played by MyoXI in plants, the structure of its GTD, and therefore the molecular determinants for cargo selectivity and recognition, remain elusive. In this study, the first crystal structure of a MyoXI GTD, that of MyoXI-K from Arabidopsis thaliana, was elucidated at 2.35 Å resolution using a low-identity and fragment-based phasing approach in ARCIMBOLDO_SHREDDER. The results reveal that both the composition and the length of the α5–α6 loop are distinctive features of MyoXI-K, providing evidence for a structural stabilizing role for this loop, which is otherwise carried out by a molecular zipper in MyoV GTDs. The crystal structure also shows that most of the characterized cargo-binding sites in MyoVs are not conserved in plant MyoXIs, pointing to plant-specific cargo-recognition mechanisms. Notably, the main elements involved in the self-regulation mechanism of MyoVs are conserved in plant MyoXIs, indicating this to be an ancient ancestral trait.
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Mondello, Vincenzo, Christelle Lemaître-Guillier, Patricia Trotel-Aziz, Régis Gougeon, Alberto Acedo, Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin, Marielle Adrian, Cátia Pinto, Olivier Fernandez, and Florence Fontaine. "Assessment of a New Copper-Based Formulation to Control Esca Disease in Field and Study of Its Impact on the Vine Microbiome, Vine Physiology and Enological Parameters of the Juice." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 2 (January 31, 2022): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8020151.
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Copper-based preparations have been used for more than 100 years in viticulture to control downy mildew caused by Plasmopara viticola. LC2017, and a new low-copper-based formulation, has been developed to control grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs). Previous greenhouse studies showed the potential of LC2017 to control GTDs by both fungistatic and plant defense elicitor effects. Here, we further characterize the effects of LC2017 in the field determining its impact on: (i) incidence of Esca, (ii) the vine microbiome, (iii) the vine physiology and (iv) enological parameters of juices. We observed a progressive decrease of cumulate Esca incidence in treated vines over the years with annual fluctuation related to the known erratic emergence of GTD symptoms. Neither harmful effects of LC2017 on the vine microbiota, nor on vine physiology were observed (at both transcriptomic and metabolomic levels). Similarly, no impact of LC2017 was observed on the enological properties of berries except for sugar content in juice from esca-diseased vines. The most important result concerns the transcriptomic profiles: that of diseased and LC2017 treated vines differs from that of disease untreated ones, showing a treatment effect. Moreover, the transcriptomic profile of diseased and LC2017-treated vines is similar to that of untreated asymptomatic vines, suggesting control of the disease.
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Blundell, Robert, Molly Arreguin, and Akif Eskalen. "In vitro evaluation of grapevine endophytes, epiphytes and sap micro-organisms for potential use to control grapevine trunk disease pathogens." Phytopathologia Mediterranea 60, no. 3 (December 30, 2021): 535–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/phyto-12500.
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Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) threaten the economic sustainability of viticulture, causing reductions of yield and quality of grapes. Biological control is a promising sustainable alternative to cultural and chemical methods to mitigate the effects of pathogens causing GTDs, including Botryosphaeria dieback, Eutypa dieback and Esca. This study aimed to identify naturally occurring potential biological control agents from grapevine sap, cane and pith tissues, and evaluate their in vitro antagonistic activity against selected fungal GTD pathogens. Bacterial and fungal isolates were preliminarily screened in dual culture assays to determine their antifungal activity against Neofusicoccum parvum and Eutypa lata. Among the fungal isolates, Trichoderma spp. inhibited mycelium growth of E. lata by up to 64% and of N. parvum by up to 73%, with overgrowth and growth cessation being the likely antagonistic mechanisms. Among the bacterial isolates, Bacillus spp. inhibited mycelium growth of E. lata by up to 20% and of N. parvum by up to 40%. Selected antagonistic isolates of Trichoderma, Bacillus and Aureobasidium spp. were subjected to further dual culture antifungal analyses against Diplodia seriata and Diaporthe ampelina, with Trichoderma isolates consistently causing the greatest inhibition. Volatile organic compound antifungal analyses showed that these Trichoderma isolates inhibited mycelium growth of N. parvum (20% inhibition), E. lata (61% inhibition) and Dia. ampelina (71% inhibition). Multilocus sequence analyses revealed that the Trichoderma isolates were most closely related to Trichoderma asperellum and Trichoderma hamatum. This study had identified grapevine sap as a novel source of potential biological control agents for control of GTDs. Further testing will be necessary to fully characterize modes of antagonism of these microorganisms, and assess their efficacy for pruning wound protection in planta.
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Kanetis, Loukas I., Demetris Taliadoros, Georgios Makris, and Michalis Christoforou. "A Novel Seimatosporium and Other Sporocadaceae Species Associated with Grapevine Trunk Diseases in Cyprus." Plants 11, no. 20 (October 16, 2022): 2733. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11202733.
Full textAbstract:
Besides well-known grapevine trunk disease (GTD)-related pathogens, there is an increased interest in wood-colonizing fungi that infect grapevines. During 2017–2018, a survey was conducted in Cyprus and wood samples were collected from vines exhibiting typical GTD symptoms. Based on morphological and multilocus phylogenetic analyses (ITS, LSU, bt2, tef1-a), four species in the Sporocadaceae family were described and typified; two in the genus of Seimatosporium: Seim. cyprium sp. nov. and Seim. vitis-viniferae and two in Sporocadus: Spo. kurdistanicus and Spo. rosigena. The teleomorph of Seim. cyprium sp. nov. was also described. Pathogenicity trials with representative isolates of each species were performed on woody stems of two-year-old potted grapevines for 12 months under field conditions. All isolates were pathogenic, causing dark brown to black vascular discoloration, extending upward and downward from the inoculation point. Sporocadus isolates were significantly more aggressive than Seimatosporium with lesion lengths ranging from 9.24 to 6.90 and 4.13 to 4.00 cm, respectively. Successful re-isolations were also evident for all species and isolates. Seim. cyprium sp. nov. is a newly described species, while Spo. kurdistanicus and Spo. rosigena are reported for the first time in Europe on Vitis vinifera, suggesting the potential role of Sporocadaceae in the GTDs complex
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Špetík, Milan, Josef Balík, Pavel Híc, Eliška Hakalová, Kateřina Štůsková, Lucie Frejlichová, Jan Tříska, and Aleš Eichmeier. "Lignans Extract from Knotwood of Norway Spruce—A Possible New Weapon against GTDs." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 4 (March 30, 2022): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8040357.
Full textAbstract:
Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) pose a major threat to the wine industry worldwide. Currently, efficient biological methods or chemical compounds are not available for the treatment of infected grapevines. In the present study, we used an extract from the knotwood of spruce trees as a biological control against GTDs. Our in vitro trial was focused on the antifungal effects of the extract against the most common GTD pathogens—Cadophora luteo-olivacea, Dactylonectria torresensis, Diaporthe ampelina, Diaporthe bohemiae, Diplodia seriata, Eutypa lata, and Phaeoacremonium minimum. Our in vitro trial revealed a high antifungal effect of the extract against all tested fungi. The inhibition rates varied among the different species from 30% to 100% using 1 mg·mL−1 extract. Subsequently, the efficiency of the extract was supported by an in planta experiment. Commercial grafts of Vitis vinifera were treated with the extract and planted. The total genomic DNA of grapevines was extracted 10 days and 180 days after the treatment. The fungal microbial diversities of the treated/untreated plants were compared using high-throughput amplicon sequencing (HTAS). Treated plants showed 76.9% lower relative abundance of the genus Diaporthe and 70% lower relative abundance of the genus Phaeoacremonium 10 days after treatment. A similar scenario was observed for the genus Cadophora 180 days after treatment, where treated plants showed 76% lower relative abundance of this genus compared with untreated grapevines.
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Pollard-Flamand, Jinxz, Julie Boulé, Miranda Hart, and José Ramón Úrbez-Torres. "Biocontrol Activity of Trichoderma Species Isolated from Grapevines in British Columbia against Botryosphaeria Dieback Fungal Pathogens." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 4 (April 16, 2022): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8040409.
Full textAbstract:
Botryosphaeria dieback (BD) is a grapevine trunk disease (GTD) causing significant yield losses and limiting the lifespan of vineyards worldwide. Fungi responsible for BD infect grapevines primarily through pruning wounds, and thus pruning wound protection, using either synthetic chemicals or biological control agents (BCAs), is the main available management strategy. However, no products to control GTDs are currently registered in Canada. With a focus on more sustainable grapevine production, there is an increasing demand for alternatives to chemical products to manage GTDs. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to identify Trichoderma species from grapevines in British Columbia (BC) and evaluate their potential biocontrol activity against BD fungi Diplodia seriata and Neofusicoccum parvum. Phylogenetic analyses identified seven species, including T. asperelloides, T. atroviride, T. harzianum, T. koningii, T. tomentosum, and two novel species, T. canadense and T. viticola. In vitro dual culture antagonistic assays showed several isolates to inhibit fungal pathogen mycelial growth by up to 75%. In planta detached cane assays under controlled greenhouse conditions identified T. asperelloides, T. atroviride and T. canadense isolates from BC as providing 70% to 100% pruning wound protection against BD fungi for up to 21 days after treatment. In addition, these isolates were shown to provide similar or better control when compared against commercial chemical and biocontrol products. This study demonstrates the potential that locally sourced Trichoderma species can have for pruning wound protection against BD fungi, and further supports the evaluation of these isolates under natural field conditions.
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Gkikas, Fedon-Ioannis, Alexandros Tako, Danai Gkizi, Christina Lagogianni, Emmanouil A. Markakis, and Sotirios E. Tjamos. "Paenibacillus alvei K165 and Fusarium oxysporum F2: Potential Biocontrol Agents against Phaeomoniella chlamydospora in Grapevines." Plants 10, no. 2 (January 22, 2021): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10020207.
Full textAbstract:
In the last two decades grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) have emerged as the most significant threat for grapevine sustainability worldwide. The tracheomycotic fungus Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (Pch) is the predominant GTD-associated species and cannot be controlled with available chemicals. In the present study, we evaluated the effectiveness of two microbial strains (Paenibacillus alvei K165 and Fusarium oxysporum F2) against Pch in grapevine. In vitro bioassays, performed in a growth culture medium simulating the xylem environment, indicated that F2 decreased Pch growth and sporulation, whereas K165 did not have any effect on Pch growth. In planta experiments revealed that root-drench and stem-puncture application of K165 and F2 reduced the endophytic relative DNA amount of Pch by 90% and 82%, respectively, compared to controls. However, wood discoloration, the typical symptom of Pch infection, was not reduced in the F2 treated grapevines. Nevertheless, the F2 treated grapevines harbored higher lignin levels compared to mocks, as it was also done by K165. Therefore, F2 and K165 have the potential to be used as biocontrol agents against Pch in grapevines.
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Kuo, Hui-Chuan, Sih-Yu Tong, Ming-Wei Chao, and Chia-Yi Tseng. "Ganoderma tsugae prevents cognitive impairment and attenuates oxidative damage in d-galactose-induced aging in the rat brain." PLOS ONE 17, no. 4 (April 7, 2022): e0266331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266331.
Full textAbstract:
Lingzhi has long been regarded as having life-prolonging effects. Research in recent years has also reported that Lingzhi possesses anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, and anti-lipogenic effects. The D-galactose (D-gal, 100 mg/kg/day)-induced aging Long-Evans rats were simultaneously orally administered a DMSO extract of Ganoderma tsugae (GTDE, 200 μg/kg/day) for 25 weeks to investigate the effects of GTDE on oxidative stress and memory deficits in the D-galactose-induced aging rats. We found that GTDE significantly improved the locomotion and spatial memory and learning in the aging rats. GTDE alleviated the aging-induced reduction of dendritic branching in neurons of the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Immunoblotting revealed a significant increase in the protein expression levels of the superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1) and catalase, and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in rats that received GTDE. D-gal-induced increase in the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) was significantly attenuated after the administration of GTDE, and pyrin domain-containing 3 protein (NLRP3) revealed a significant decrease in NLRP3 expression after GTDE administration. Lastly, GTDE significantly reduced the advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs). In conclusion, GTDE increases antioxidant capacity and BDNF expression of the brain, protects the dendritic structure of neurons, and reduces aging-induced neuronal damage, thereby attenuating cognitive impairment caused by aging.
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Patanita, Mariana, André Albuquerque, Maria Doroteia Campos, Patrick Materatski, Carla M. R. Varanda, Joana A. Ribeiro, and Maria do Rosário Félix. "Metagenomic Assessment Unravels Fungal Microbiota Associated to Grapevine Trunk Diseases." Horticulturae 8, no. 4 (March 29, 2022): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8040288.
Full textAbstract:
Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are among the most important problems that affect the longevity and productivity of vineyards in all the major growing regions of the world. They are slow-progression diseases caused by several wood-inhabiting fungi with similar life cycles and epidemiology. The simultaneous presence of multiple trunk pathogens in a single plant together with the inconsistent GTDs symptoms expression, their isolation in asymptomatic plants, and the absence of effective treatments make these diseases extremely complex to identify and eradicate. Aiming to gain a better knowledge of GTDs and search sustainable alternatives to limit their development, the present work studied the fungal community structure associated with GTDs symptomatic and asymptomatic grapevines, following a metagenomic approach. Two important cultivars from the Alentejo region with different levels of susceptibility to GTDs were selected, namely, ‘Alicante Bouschet’ and ‘Trincadeira’. Deep sequencing of fungal-directed ITS1 amplicon led to the detection of 258 taxa, including 10 fungi previously described as responsible for GTDs. Symptomatic plants exhibited a lower abundance of GTDs-associated fungi, although with significantly higher diversity of those pathogens. Our results demonstrated that trunk diseases symptoms are intensified by a set of multiple GTDs-associated fungi on the same plant. The composition of fungal endophytic communities was significantly different according to the symptomatology and it was not affected by the cultivar. This study opens new perspectives in the study of GTDs-associated fungi and their relation to the symptomatology in grapevines.
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Dalal, Gal, Balazs Szorenyi, and Gugan Thoppe. "A Tale of Two-Timescale Reinforcement Learning with the Tightest Finite-Time Bound." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 04 (April 3, 2020): 3701–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i04.5779.
Full textAbstract:
Policy evaluation in reinforcement learning is often conducted using two-timescale stochastic approximation, which results in various gradient temporal difference methods such as GTD(0), GTD2, and TDC. Here, we provide convergence rate bounds for this suite of algorithms. Algorithms such as these have two iterates, θn and wn, which are updated using two distinct stepsize sequences, αn and βn, respectively. Assuming αn = n−α and βn = n−β with 1 > α > β > 0, we show that, with high probability, the two iterates converge to their respective solutions θ* and w* at rates given by ∥θn - θ*∥ = Õ(n−α/2) and ∥wn - w*∥ = Õ(n−β/2); here, Õ hides logarithmic terms. Via comparable lower bounds, we show that these bounds are, in fact, tight. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first finite-time analysis which achieves these rates. While it was known that the two timescale components decouple asymptotically, our results depict this phenomenon more explicitly by showing that it in fact happens from some finite time onwards. Lastly, compared to existing works, our result applies to a broader family of stepsizes, including non-square summable ones.
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Hristova, M., S. Bozhilov, N. Hristov, Y. Tancheva, N. Ivanova, and Mariana Penkova-Radicheva. "Invasive Molar Pregnancy in a Woman Aged 55 Years: A Case Report." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 8, no. C (December 20, 2020): 226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.5536.
Full textAbstract:
BACKGROUND: Gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTDs) are a group of rare human tumors by abnormal trophoblastic proliferation. GTD is neoplasia that develops from the trophoblastic element of blastocyst. In this case, some specific features of the trophoblast are retained, while the hCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin) synthesis and invasion potential of the underlying tissues are preserved.
CASE REPORT: We reported a 55-year-old patient with invasive (destructive) mole hydatidiform “FIGO I” with invasion in myometrium wall. This diagnostic was suggested by abnormal (dysfunctional) vaginal bleeding, amenorrhea period, and low abdominal pain. Our paraclinical investigation was physical examination, transabdominal, and transvaginal ultrasound and complete blood count. Transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasound reveal enlarged uterus volume, with dimensions 18/12/5 cm and with Doppler rich blood supply through myometrium and endometrium. Therapeutic method applied was abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Anatomopathological report revealed a complete invasive mole. After the surgical intervention, the patient was no treated with methotrexate as prophylactic chemotherapy (recommended by oncologists) because the level of β-hCG was very low.
CONCLUSION: Examining the tissue after a miscarriage in women at extreme ages should raise a suspicion of mole. Molar pregnancy should be excluded in these cases.
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Billar de Almeida, Angela, Jonathan Concas, Maria Doroteia Campos, Patrick Materatski, Carla Varanda, Mariana Patanita, Sergio Murolo, Gianfranco Romanazzi, and Maria do Rosário Félix. "Endophytic Fungi as Potential Biological Control Agents against Grapevine Trunk Diseases in Alentejo Region." Biology 9, no. 12 (November 26, 2020): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology9120420.
Full textAbstract:
Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are the most widespread fungal diseases, affecting grapevines in all the major growing regions of the world, and their complete eradication is still not possible. Aiming to search alternatives to avoid the spread and high incidence of these diseases, the present work intended to molecularly identify the grapevine endophytic community, the phytopathogenic fungi associated with GTDs in vineyards within the Alentejo region, and to test potential antagonist microorganisms as biological control candidates against GTDs-associated fungi. Grapevine endophytic community showed a wide variety of fungi in GTDs’ asymptomatic and symptomatic plants, nine of them previously described as GTDs-associated fungi. GTDs prevalent fungi identified in symptomatic plants were Diaporthe sp., Neofusicoccum sp., and H. viticola. Almost all these fungi were also detected in asymptomatic plants, which shows the importance of investigating the interactions of fungal communities and confirms the need for early diagnosis of these diseases. Direct inhibition antagonism tests were performed among identified endophytes and GTDs phytopathogenic fungi, and all the endophyte fungi showed potential as biocontrol agents. Our findings suggest that endophytes are promising candidates for their use in biological control due to their antagonistic activity against the mycelia growth of some GTDs-associated fungi.
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Tjahjanti, M. Th Esti. "Gigi Tiruan Lengkap Duplikasi dengan Modifikasi Terbatas sebagai Pedoman Pembuatan Gigi Tiruan Lengkap Cadangan." Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia 18, no. 1 (June 30, 2011): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/majkedgiind.16485.
Full textAbstract:
Latar belakang. Gigi Tiruan Lengkap (GTL) duplikasi adalah GTL kedua merupakan replika atau tiruan GTL pertama. GTL cadangan disiapkan untuk lanjut usia sebagai GTL pengganti jika GTL yang telah lama dipakai dengan memuaskan patah atau hilang. Untuk memudahkan adaptasi pasien terhadap GTL cadangan diperlukan GTL cadangan identik dengan GTL lama. GTL duplikasi dibuat untuk tujuan memindahkan kontur GTL lama ke GTL cadangan. Tujuan. Penulisan laporan kasus ini bertujuan untuk menginformasikan cara melaksanakan perawatan penggantian GTL dengan GTL duplikasi sebagai pedoman membuat GTL cadangan. Kasus & penanganan. Pasien laki-Iaki berumur 72 tahun telah memakai GTL 7 tahun dengan memuaskan membutuhkan GTL cadangan. Pada pemeriksaan subjektif dan objektif, GTL mempunyai retensi dan stabilisasi kurang serta traumatik oklusi. GTL diduplikasi untuk dibuat GTL duplikasi sebagai pedoman. GTL duplikasi pedoman dimodifikasi terbatas yaitu dilakukan sedikit perubahan meliputi perbaikan perluasan tepi dan relining, selanjutnya dipakai sebagai pedoman pembuatan GTL cadangan. DuplikasiGTL dengan teknik 2 sendok cetak dengan bahan tanam silikon. GTL duplikasi pedoman dengan bahan resin akrilik polimerisasi dingin warna gusi dan malam. Kesimpulan. GTL cadangan mempunyai retensi dan stabilisasi baik, oklusi seimbang. GTL cadangan langsung berhasil dipakai pasien. GTL duplikasi dengan modifikasi terbatas adalah desain yang memudahkan adaptasi pasien dan sebagai pedoman pembuatan GTL cadangan.
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Niu, Shandong, Xiao Lyu, and Guozheng Gu. "A New Framework of Green Transition of Cultivated Land-Use for the Coordination among the Water-Land-Food-Carbon Nexus in China." Land 11, no. 6 (June 17, 2022): 933. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11060933.
Full textAbstract:
As a fundamental solution to the ecological problems of resources and environment, the Green Transition of Cultivated Land-use (GTCL) has become an inherent requirement for promoting ecological progress and implementing the food security strategy in the new era. This paper proposed a theoretical framework of GTCL and constructed a GTCL development index system based on four aspects: water, land, food and carbon; then, by applying a comprehensive evaluation model, a coupling coordination model and exploratory spatial data analysis, the development level of GTCL in China’s 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020 was evaluated and the spatial and temporal rates of change of “water, land, food and carbon” (WLFC) and their coupling coordination were finally analyzed to reveal the “water, land, food and carbon” effect of GTCL. Results showed that the systemic changes of WLFC and its coupling coordination degree of GTCL presented a spatial and temporal coincidence with a high degree of consistency; from 2000 to 2020, the overall GTCL rate in all Chinese provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions showed a “W”-shaped fluctuation uptrend. In the past five years, the development level of GTCL was higher in Northeast China, followed by Central China and North China, while South China was at a low level. In addition, WLFC showed a more obvious “W”-shaped fluctuation, with higher coupling coordination in Northeast China in good coordination and lower coordination in East China and Southwest China. Therefore, according to the results of the study, areas were divided into: benefit leading area, quality improvement area, connotation tapping potential area, ductile development area and ecological reserve area for the regulation of GTCL in all Chinese provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions.
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Li, Junzhi, Junwei Li, Zhenlei Sun, and Shen Zhong. "Measurement of green total factor productivity on Chinese laying hens: From the perspective of regional differences." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 5, 2021): e0255739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255739.
Full textAbstract:
Eggs contain the essential cholesterol and protein for the human body, which plays an irreplaceable role in human survival, production and life. There are significant differences in the development of laying hens feeding in different regions. It is of great significance to improve egg production and reduce pollution emission for China’s laying hens industry. Based on the SBM model, this paper constructs MML index, considering unexpected output under common frontier, to comprehensively evaluate the green total factor productivity on Chinese laying hens (GTCL). The results show that: (1) GTCL shows a large spatial and temporal differentiation under both the common frontier and the regional frontier. Compared with the eastern region and central region, the western region has obvious advantages in GTCL. (2) GTCL overall shows a downward trend, however, it emerges an upward trend in recent years. (3) Compared with small-scale and large-scale, middle-scale GTCL has advantages. According to the above empirical results, combined with the China’s actual national situation, this paper finally puts forward some policy recommendations to improve GTCL.
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Reveglia, Pierluigi, Regina Billones-Baaijens, Jennifer Millera Niem, Marco Masi, Alessio Cimmino, Antonio Evidente, and Sandra Savocchia. "Production of Phytotoxic Metabolites by Botryosphaeriaceae in Naturally Infected and Artificially Inoculated Grapevines." Plants 10, no. 4 (April 19, 2021): 802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10040802.
Full textAbstract:
Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are considered a serious problem to viticulture worldwide. Several GTD fungal pathogens produce phytotoxic metabolites (PMs) that were hypothesized to migrate to the foliage where they cause distinct symptoms. The role of PMs in the expression of Botryosphaeria dieback (BD) symptoms in naturally infected and artificially inoculated wood using molecular and analytical chemistry techniques was investigated. Wood samples from field vines naturally infected with BD and one-year-old vines inoculated with Diplodia seriata, Spencermartinsia viticola and Dothiorella vidmadera were analysed by cultural isolations, quantitative PCR (qPCR) and targeted LC-MS/MS to detect three PMs: (R)-mellein, protocatechuic acid and spencertoxin. (R)-mellein was detected in symptomatic naturally infected wood and vines artificially inoculated with D. seriata but was absent in all non-symptomatic wood. The amount of (R)-mellein detected was correlated with the amount of pathogen DNA detected by qPCR. Protocatechuic acid and spencertoxin were absent in all inoculated wood samples. (R)-mellein may be produced by the pathogen during infection to break down the wood, however it was not translocated into other parts of the vine. The foliar symptoms previously reported in vineyards may be due to a combination of PMs produced and climatic and physiological factors that require further investigation.
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Mundy, D. C. "Strategic framework for New Zealand grapevine trunk disease." New Zealand Plant Protection 70 (July 31, 2017): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2017.70.106.
Full textAbstract:
Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) threaten the longevity of vineyards in New Zealand and internationally. Researchers and wine industry representatives met in Christchurch in November 2016 to develop a strategic plan to enhance the progress of GTD research and improve consistency across studies in New Zealand over the next ten years. Four outcome areas were identified: disease prevention and improved sustainability; improved management decisions; fewer susceptible vines; and improved pathogen management in nurseries and young vines. The group used these outcomes to determine four research focus areas: Disease Etiology/Pathology; Biologicals affecting the host or pathogen; Breeding; and Physiology (including a holistic measure of plant health and biochemistry). The focus areas and outcomes were used to develop a framework that takes into account current research or related activities, any challenges or issues involved, future research required (underpinning and applied), and potential for technology transfer. Attendees also summarised recent research activity and identified current knowledge gaps. Researchers agreed to: enhance sharing of methods and isolates; improve comparisons between experimental results; and increase awareness of the current range of activities and skills employed. Publishing the framework on the MWRC and PFR websites will allow other researchers to access, and comment on, current thinking on this topic.
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Shen, Liang, Runjie Fan, Yuyan Wang, Zhaoqing Yu, and Rongyun Tang. "Impacts of Environmental Regulation on the Green Transformation and Upgrading of Manufacturing Enterprises." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 20 (October 21, 2020): 7680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207680.
Full textAbstract:
Since environmental problems are becoming increasingly prominent, macro policies and social development have placed higher requirements on manufacturing enterprises to promote green transformation and upgrading (GTU) in China. Considering that different manufacturing enterprises choose different green technology innovation levels for GTU under environmental regulation, a game model between manufacturing enterprises and the government is constructed. The relationship between the green technology innovation level (GTIL) and the environmental regulation intensity is analyzed. Through numerical examples, the influences of environmental regulation and consumer preference on system decisions are further examined. Moreover, an econometric model is constructed to explore the influence that the environmental regulation exerts on the GTIL using panel data from the Chinese manufacturing industry. Our results show that the increase in environmental regulation intensity contributes to improving GTIL and promoting the GTU of manufacturing enterprises. Furthermore, as the environmental regulation is enhanced, the sales price decreases, benefiting consumers. Consumers’ preference for high-GTIL products is conducive to GTU under environmental regulation. Empirical analysis shows that there is a U-shaped relationship between environmental regulation and the GTIL. Only when the intensity reaches a threshold can the environmental regulation be beneficial to improve the GTIL and promote the GTU of Chinese manufacturing enterprises.
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Long, Võ Minh. "Ngưỡng cấu trúc vốn và giá trị doanh nghiệp." KINH TẾ VÀ QUẢN TRỊ KINH DOANH 13, no. 2 (June 7, 2020): 34–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.46223/hcmcoujs.econ.vi.13.2.1614.2018.
Full textAbstract:
Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu này là xác định tác động và ngưỡng cấu trúc vốn nói chung và theo kỳ hạn nói riêng đến giá trị doanh nghiệp (GTDN) cổ phần niêm yết trên sở giao dịch chứng khoán Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh (HSX). Kết quả hồi quy bằng phương pháp GMM, cho thấy rằng: Cấu trúc vốn nói chung và cấu trúc vốn theo kỳ hạn nói riêng đều có tác động tích cực lên GTDN. Ngoài ra, nó cũng cho biết thêm: Có ngưỡng cấu trúc vốn để tối đa hóa GTDN. Bên cạnh đó, kết quả nghiên cứu cũng cho biết: Các biến khác cũng tác động đến GTDN và có ý nghĩa thống kê cao.
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Yuliharsini, Sri, and Syafrinani Syafrinani. "GIGI TIRUAN SEBAGIAN LEPASAN KERANGKA LOGAM KOMBINASI BAHAN FLEKSIBEL SEBAGAI UPAYAMEMENUHI KEBUTUHAN ESTETIK PADA GIGI PENYANGGA DENGAN RESESI GINGIVA." B-Dent, Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Baiturrahmah 3, no. 1 (November 10, 2018): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33854/jbdjbd.32.
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Gigi tiruan sebagian lepasan (GTSL) merupakan pilihan perawatan yang efektif dan terjangkau pada kasus kehilangan gigi sebagian. Kebanyakan pasien dari segala usia memilih menghindari penggunaan logam pada perawatan GTSL karena menginginkan senyum yang cemerlang. Pada kehilangan gigi sebagian dengan gigi penyangga resesi gingiva, pembuatan GTSL resin akrilik konvensional menimbulkan masalah estetik karena cangkolan yang terlihat saat pasien tersenyum. Laporan kasus ini memaparkan penatalaksanaan kehilangan gigi sebagian dengan GTSL kerangka logam kombinasi bahan fleksibel pada kasus gigi penyangga resesi gingiva. Pasien perempuan, berusia 70 tahun datang ke RSGMP FKG USU dengan keluhan ingin dibuatkan gigi tiruan rahang atas dan bawah yang terbaik, gigi depan rahang bawahnya goyang sejak 8 tahun yang lalu, pasien tidak ingin terlihat ompong sebelum gigi tiruannya selesai. Pemeriksaan intra oral menunjukkan gigi yang hilang pada rahang atas 17, 25, 26; rahang bawah 37, 38, 45, 46; 15, 27, 28 ekstrusi; 24 resesi gingiva dan 31 mobiliti derajat II, 41 mobiliti derajat III. Penatalaksanaan kasus untuk rahang atas adalah dengan GTSL kerangka logam kombinasi bahan fleksibel dan GTSL imidiat resin akrilik untuk rahang bawah. Cangkolan wrap around pada gigi penyangga 24 dengan prinsip retento-grip tissue-bearing retention berfungsi sebagai lengan retentif sekaligus menutupi resesi gingiva, cangkolan akers pada 16 memaksimalkan retensi dan konektor mayor anterior-posterior palatal strap berfungsi untuk mendistribusikan beban ke gigi penyangga dan jaringan pendukung serta memberikan kenyamanan pada pasien. Perawatan kasus dengan GTSL kerangka logam kombinasi bahan fleksibel memiliki keuntungan yang diperoleh dari bahan fleksibel dimana lengan retentif menutupi resesi gingiva sehingga estetik tercapai dan kerangka logam menjadikan gigi tiruan lebih kaku, kuat dan stabil.selanjutnya dan kesuksesan perawatan ortodonti itu sendiri.
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Chotimah, Chusnul, Maqhfirah Amiruddin, M. Fajrin Wijaya, Nur Asmah, and Feby Nadira Amalia Siyu. "Persepsi Pengguna GTSL terhadap Fungsi Estetik, Fonetik, dan Mastikasi di Klinik Feby Dental Care Sulawesi Tenggara." Sinnun Maxillofacial Journal 4, no. 01 (April 30, 2022): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33096/smj.v4i01.68.
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Latar Belakang: Masalah mengenai kesehatan rongga mulut mempengaruhi 3,9 miliar orang di dunia. Masalah kehilagan gigi termasuk permasalahan yang berdampak pada kehilangan fungsi estetik, fonetik, dan mastikasi. Kehilangan fungsi estetik, fonetik, dan mastikasi dapat dikembalikan dengan pemakaian gigitiruan. Tujuan: Mengetahui persepsi pengguna GTSL terhadap fungsi estetik, fonetik, dan mastikasi di klinik Feby Dental Care Sulawesi Tenggara. Metode : Observasi dengan rancangan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif melalui wawancara dan pengisian dalam kuesioner. Hasil : Menunjukkan skor persepsi pengguna GTSL terhadap fungsi estetik, yaitu 242,6 termasuk kategori baik, persepsi pengguna GTSL terhadap fungsi fonetik memiliki skor 246 termasuk kategori baik, dan persepsi pengguna GTSL terhadap fungsi mastikasi memiliki skor 231,6 termasuk kategori baik.Kesimpulan : persepsi pengguna gigitiruan lepasan terhadap fungsi estetik, fonetik, dan mastikasi pada masyarakat yang berkunjung ke klinik Feby Dental Care di Kabupaten Kolaka, Sulewesi Tenggara termasuk kategori baik.
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Akram, Kashif, Alina Saeed, Stefano Bresciani, Shafique Ur Rehman, and Alberto Ferraris. "Factors Affecting Environmental Performance during the Covid-19 Period in the Leather Industry: A Moderated-Mediation Approach." Journal of Competitiveness 14, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7441/joc.2022.01.01.
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Like many different and relevant sectors, the leather industry is currently facing a major environmental issue that may affect the competitiveness of all the stakeholders across the value chain. Drawing the conceptual model on the natural resource-based view (NRBV), this study seeks to examine the mediating role of individual green values (IGV) between green transformational leadership (GFTL) and environmental performance (EP). Furthermore, government regulations are used as a moderator concerning the relationship between GTFL and EP. An online survey was randomly distributed to Pakistan's leather industry employees to test the hypothesis by collecting data from 205 respondents. Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) has been used to analyze data. The results demonstrate that green transformational leadership (GTFL) positively affects EP. Moreover, this study also reveals that GTFL significantly contributes to developing the IGV that consequently affects EP. Thus, the current study provides a significant sequential GTFL, IGV and EP path. However, surprisingly, the results show that government regulations do not moderate the relationship between GTFL and IGV. This study significantly contributes to the theory and stakeholders and leaders in a vast variety of manufacturing industries. It suggests that all organizations should adopt GTFL principles that encourage employees to engage in environmentally friendly activities by developing green values at the individual level to enhance EP. With this regard, GTLF, IGV, and government regulations may thus play a vital role for organizations and industry for better EP and competitiveness.
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Choi, Kibong, Suhan Park, Hyun Gu Roh, and Chang Sik Lee. "Combustion and Emission Reduction Characteristics of GTL-Biodiesel Fuel in a Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine." Energies 12, no. 11 (June 10, 2019): 2201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12112201.
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of using gas to liquid (GTL)-biodiesel blends as an alternative fuel on the physical properties as well as the combustion and emission reduction characteristics in a diesel engine. In order to assess the influence of the GTL-biodiesel blending ratio, the biodiesel is blended with GTL fuel, which is a test fuel with various blending ratios. The effects of GTL-biodiesel blends on the fuel properties, heat release, and emission characteristics were studied at various fuel injection timing and blending ratios. The test fuels investigated here were GTL, biodiesel, and biodiesel blended GTL fuels. The biodiesel blending ratio was changed from 0%, 20% and 40% by a volume fraction. The GTL-biodiesel fuel properties such as the fuel density, viscosity, lower heating value, and cetane number were analyzed in order to compare the effects of different mixing ratios of the biodiesel fuel. Based on the experimental results, certain meaningful results were derived. The increasing rate of the density and kinematic viscosity of the GTL-biodiesel blended fuels at various temperature conditions was increased with the increase in the biodiesel volumetric fraction. The rate of density changes between biodiesel-GTL and GTL are 2.768% to 10.982%. The combustion pressure of the GTL fuel showed a higher pressure than the biodiesel blended GTL fuels. The biodiesel-GTL fuel resulted in reduced NOx and soot emissions compared to those of the unblended GTL fuel. Based on the experimental results, the ignition delay of the GTL-biodiesel blends increased with the increase of the biodiesel blending ratio because of the low cetane number of biodiesel compared to GTL. As the injection timing is advanced, the NOx emissions were significantly increased, while the effect of the injection timing on the soot emission was small compared to the NOx emissions. In the cases of the HC and CO emissions, the GTL-biodiesel blended fuels resulted in similar low emission trends and, in particular, the HC emissions showed a slight increase at the range of advanced injection timings.
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Mondello, Vincenzo, Aurélie Songy, Enrico Battiston, Catia Pinto, Cindy Coppin, Patricia Trotel-Aziz, Christophe Clément, Laura Mugnai, and Florence Fontaine. "Grapevine Trunk Diseases: A Review of Fifteen Years of Trials for Their Control with Chemicals and Biocontrol Agents." Plant Disease 102, no. 7 (July 2018): 1189–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-17-1181-fe.
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Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) represent one of the most important problems for viticulture worldwide. Beyond the original causes of this outbreak in some countries like France, the lack of efficient control protocols and the prohibition of using active ingredients such as sodium arsenite and benzimidazoles, until recently used to reduce the impact of some GTDs but deleterious for humans and the environment, have probably worsened the impact of the diseases, leading to increasing economic losses. Since 1990, searches have been made to find efficient tools to control GTDs, testing a wide range of active ingredients and biocontrol agents. This review provides readers with an overview of the results reported in the scientific literature over the last 15 years. In particular, the review focuses on the trials carried out applying chemicals or microorganisms to control Esca complex diseases, Botryosphaeria dieback, and Eutypa dieback, the most widespread GTDs.
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Li, Wenzao, Feng Lin, Jiliu Zhou, and Yan Wang. "GTDM: A DTN Routing on Noncooperative Game Theory in a City Environment." Journal of Sensors 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/410298.
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The performance of delay tolerant networks (DTNs) can be influenced by movement model in different application environments. The existing routing algorithms of DTNs do not meet the current city environments due to the large differences in node densities, social characteristics, and limited energy. The key indicators of DTNs such as success delivery ratio, average delivery latency, network lifetime, and network overhead ratio can influence the performances of civil DTNs applications. Aiming to improve the key indicators of DTNs in city environments, this paper presents a fixed sink station based structure and a more proper routing algorithm named Game Theory Based Decision Making (GTDM). GTDM shows decision-making process for neighborhood selection and packet delivering strategy which is based on the noncooperative game theory method and city environment characteristics. GTDM performance is evaluated using numerical simulations under Working Day Movement (WDM) model and the results suggested that GTDM outperforms other traditional DTNs routing approaches, such as Epidemic and Prophet algorithms.
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Falatehan, Niko, and Jihan Fahira. "PERSEPSI TENTANG FUNGSI ESTETIK DAN MASTIKASI GIGI TIRUAN LENGKAP TERHADAP LANJUT USIA." Cakradonya Dental Journal 12, no. 2 (October 28, 2020): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/cdj.v12i2.18440.
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Salah satu masalah dalam rongga mulut yang banyak dialami oleh populasi lansia adalah kehilangan gigi secara keseluruhan, untuk mengatasi hal tersebut pasien bisa melakukan perawatan prostodontik berupa gigi tiruan lengkap. Persepsi lansia dalam penggunaan GTL penting diketahui guna mengevaluasi kelebihan dan kekurangan GTL yang digunakan, terutama dari segi estetik dan mastikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi persepsi lansia terhadap fungsi estetik dan mastikasi GTL, dimana merupakan observasional deskriptif dengan desain cross-sectional dari 30 orang lansia di Panti Werdha Tresna Wisma Mulia, Jelambar, Jakarta Barat. Persepsi lansia terhadap fungsi estetik dan mastikasi GTL diukur dengan instrumen OHIP-14 (Oral Health Impact Profile-14). Analisis data dengan program SPSS versi 22.0 menunjukkan secara umum keseluruhan sampel memiliki persepsi sedang terhadap fungsi estetik dan mastikasi GTL. Berdasarkan pengelompokkan jenis kelamin diperoleh kelompok lansia pria dengan kategori sedang memiliki persepsi mengenai fungsi mastikasi terhadap GTL. yaitu sebesar 84,6% dan kelompok lansia wanita dengan kategori baik memiliki persepsi mengenai fungsi estetik terhadap GTL yaitu sebesar 58, 8%. Pria lebih mementingkan fungsi mastikasi pada penggunaan GTL, sedangkan wanita lebih mementingkan fungsi estetik pada penggunaan GTL.
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Obibuike, Ubanozie, Stanley Ekwueme, Nnaemeka Ohia, and Onyejekwe Michael. "Modeling of GTL-Power Coproduction as a means of optimisation of GTL plants." Zastita materijala 63, no. 1 (2022): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zasmat2201089o.
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Gas-to-Liquids (GTL) technologies have the potential to convert associated flare gases into premium transport liquids, creating a market for the otherwise stranded resource. However, the capital cost of GTL plants has over the years hampered the choice of the project. The drive for GTL is improved by optimization of the plant such that its efficiency and profitability is increased. One such notable improvement in GTL plant configuration is the integration of power production unit in the GTL process plant such that GTL liquids production and electricity production can occur concurrently in the same plant. This method generally called GTL-power co-production will increase the overall efficiency and profitability of existing GTL plant process and present ways to economically optimize the heat loss through the by-product streams (steam and flue gas streams). The utilization of the by-product streams will account for reductions in thermal inefficiencies within the GTL plant process. In this work, additional unit is added to the 863.3 m3 /d GTL product plant configuration to utilize the by-product steam stream for electricity generation. This additional electricity unit generated 10 MW of electricity increasing the net present value (NPV) of the plant by 4.72% while the net cash recovery (NCR) increased by 3.87%. Furthermore the pay-out time reduced by 2%. The GTL-Electricity co-production has proven to be a means of optimizing GTL plant, having capability to yield more profits due to reduced capital and operational expenses than if the plants were operated separately.
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Muntean, Maria-Doinița, Ana-Maria Drăgulinescu, Liliana Lucia Tomoiagă, Maria Comșa, Horia-Silviu Răcoare, Alexandra Doina Sîrbu, and Veronica Sanda Chedea. "Fungal Grapevine Trunk Diseases in Romanian Vineyards in the Context of the International Situation." Pathogens 11, no. 9 (September 2, 2022): 1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11091006.
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Vitis vinifera, known as the common grape vine, represents one of the most important fruit crops in the world. Romania is a wine-producing country with a rich and long tradition in viticulture. In the last decade, increasing reports of damage caused by grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) have raised concerns in all wine producing countries. Up to now, no study was performed regarding the GTDs situation in Romania, an important grapevine grower in Europe. In this study, we aim, after a comprehensive presentation of the fungal GTDs worldwide, to review the scientific information related to these diseases in Romania in order to open a national platform in an international framework. In order to achieve this, we consulted over 500 references from different scientific databases and cited 309 of them. Our review concludes that, in Romania, there is little amount of available literature on this matter. Three out of six fungal GTDs are reported and well documented in all of the Romanian viticultural zones (except for viticultural zone 4). These are Eutypa dieback, Phomopsis dieback, and Esca disease. Of the fungal pathogens considered responsible Eutypa lata, Phomopsis viticola and Stereum hirsutum are the most studied and well documented in Romania. Management measures are quite limited, and they mostly include preventive measures to stop the GTDs spread and the removal of affected grapevines.
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Reis, P., R. Pierron, P. Larignon, P. Lecomte, E. Abou-Mansour, S. Farine, C. Bertsch, et al. "Vitis Methods to Understand and Develop Strategies for Diagnosis and Sustainable Control of Grapevine Trunk Diseases." Phytopathology® 109, no. 6 (June 2019): 916–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-09-18-0349-rvw.
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Vitis vinifera is affected by many diseases every year, depending on causal agents, susceptibility of cultivars, and climate region. Some are caused by a single agent, such as gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea or powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe necator. Others result from the actions of a complex of pathogens such as grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs). GTDs are presently among the most devastating diseases in viticulture worldwide because both the economic losses and the long-term sustainability of vineyards are strongly affected. The complexity of GTDs results from the diversity of associated fungi, the undetermined period of latency within the vine (asymptomatic status), the erratic foliar symptom expression from one year to the next, and, probably correlated with all of these points, the lack of efficient strategies to control them. Distinct methods can be beneficial to improve our knowledge of GTDs. In vitro bioassays with cell suspensions, calli, foliar discs, full leaves, or plantlets, and in vivo natural bioassays with cuttings, grafted plants in the greenhouse, or artificially infected ones in the vineyard, can be applied by using progressive integrative levels of in vitro and in vivo, depending on the information searched. In this review, the methods available to understand GTDs are described in terms of experimental procedures, main obtained results, and deliverable prospects. The advantages and disadvantages of each model are also discussed.
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Tseng, Chia-Yi, Meng-Chi Chung, Jhih-Syuan Wang, Yu-Jung Chang, Jing-Fen Chang, Chin-Hung Lin, Ruey-Shyang Hseu, and Ming-Wei Chao. "PotentIn VitroProtection Against PM2.5-Caused ROS Generation and Vascular Permeability by Long-Term Pretreatment withGanoderma tsugae." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 44, no. 02 (January 2016): 355–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x16500208.
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Epidemiological studies show increased particulate matter (PM[Formula: see text]) particles in ambient air are correlated with increased myocardial infarctions. Given the close association of capillaries and alveoli, the dysfunction is caused when inhaled PM[Formula: see text] particles come in close proximity to capillary endothelial cells. We previously suggested that the inhalation of PM[Formula: see text] diesel exhaust particles (DEP) induces oxidative stress and upregulates the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, inducing vascular permeability factor VEGFA secretion, which results in cell-cell adherens junction disruption and PM[Formula: see text] transmigratation into circulation. Here, we minimized the level that PM[Formula: see text] traveled in the bloodstream by pre-supplementing with a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Ganoderma tsugae DMSO extract (GTDE) prior to PM[Formula: see text] exposure. Our results show that PM[Formula: see text] caused alterations in enzyme activities and cellular anti-oxidant balance. We found decreased glutathione levels, a reduced cellular redox ratio, increased ROS generation and cytotoxicity in the cellular fractions. The oxidative stress caused DNA damage and apoptosis, likely causing downstream molecular events that trigger vasculature permeabilization and, eventually, cardiovascular disorders. Our results show long-term GTDE treatment increased endogenous glutathione level, while PM[Formula: see text]-reduced glutathione levels and the cellular redox ratio. GTDE was protective against the genotoxic and apoptotic effects initiated by PM[Formula: see text] oxidative stress. Vascular permeability revealed that PM[Formula: see text] only accumulated on the surface of cells after GTDE treatment; no penetration was detected. After two weeks of GTDE treatment, VEGFA secretion was significantly reduced in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and endothelial cell migration was blocked. Our results suggest GTDE prevents PM[Formula: see text] transmigration into the bloodstream, and the resultant dysfunction, by inhibiting oxidative stress production and endothelial permeability.
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Vargas-Leon, Patricia, and Andreas Kuehn. "The Battle for Critical Internet Resources: South America vs. Amazon.com, Inc." Law, State and Telecommunications Review 7, no. 1 (May 11, 2015): 37–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/lstr.v7i1.21538.
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Purpose – To analyze the controversy about the allocation of critical Internet resources generated by ICANN's new gTLD program with a particular focus on the .AMAZON TLD.
Methodology/approach/design – This article presents an exploratory case study about the .AMAZON controversy. The initial analysis of this ongoing research is based on data collected from various reports and media coverage on ICANN's new gTLD policy. The article draws from political economy theory to analyze disputes about critical Internet resources.
Findings – This article discusses preliminary findings of the .AMAZON case, a contested prime example in ICANN's efforts to extend the Internet's domain name space.
Practical implications – The findings may inform related controversies in the gTLD program and contribute to a differentiated understanding of CIR allocation in Internet governance, and respective policy-making.
Originality/value – The value of this article is the specific discussion of the .AMAZON case in the larger context of ICANN's new gTLD program, and its analysis that describes the controversy from a property rights perspective.
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Li, Yingjun, Wenpeng Zhang, Biao Tian, Wenhao Lin, and Yongxiang Liu. "Scattering Model-Based Frequency-Hopping RCS Reconstruction Using SPICE Methods." Remote Sensing 13, no. 18 (September 15, 2021): 3689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13183689.
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RCS reconstruction is an important way to reduce the measurement time in anechoic chambers and expand the radar original data, which can solve the problems of data scarcity and a high measurement cost. The greedy pursuit, convex relaxation, and sparse Bayesian learning-based sparse recovery methods can be used for parameter estimation. However, these sparse recovery methods either have problems in solving accuracy or selecting auxiliary parameters, or need to determine the probability distribution of noise in advance. To solve these problems, a non-parametric Sparse Iterative Covariance Estimation (SPICE) algorithm with global convergence property based on the sparse Geometrical Theory of Diffraction (GTD) model (GTD–SPICE) is employed for the first time for RCS reconstruction. Furthermore, an improved coarse-to-fine two-stage SPICE method (DE–GTD–SPICE) based on the Damped Exponential (DE) model and the GTD model (DE–GTD) is proposed to reduce the computational cost. Experimental results show that both the GTD–SPICE method and the DE–GTD–SPICE method are reliable and effective for RCS reconstruction. Specifically, the DE–GTD–SPICE method has a shorter computational time.
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Veras, Andre Barciela, Arabella Rassi, Livia Mitsue Gomes Yukizaki, Luisa Duarte Novo, Flávia Schueler Franco, and Antonio Egídio Nardi. "Impacto dos transtornos depressivos e ansiosos sobre as manifestações da menopausa." Revista de Psiquiatria do Rio Grande do Sul 29, no. 3 (December 2007): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-81082007000300011.
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OBJETIVO: Determinar, pela primeira vez, em uma amostra ambulatorial brasileira, o impacto dos diagnósticos psiquiátricos sobre os sintomas da menopausa presentes no índice de menopausa de Blatt-Kupperman (B-K). MÉTODOS: Avaliamos consecutivamente, através do instrumento diagnóstico estruturado MINI 4.4 e da entrevista psiquiátrica tradicional, mulheres (n = 86) em atendimento no ambulatório de menopausa do Instituto de Ginecologia da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. As pacientes incluídas no estudo (n = 48) foram avaliadas pela escala B-K até 6 meses antes ou depois da entrevista pelo MINI e divididas em dois grupos: o grupo com algum transtorno depressivo-ansioso (GTDA) (n = 26) e o grupo-controle (GC) (n = 22). RESULTADOS: O GTDA apresentou uma pontuação significativamente maior do que o GC na escala de B-K (22,6 versus 13,7). Entre os sintomas significativamente mais intensos no GTDA estão parestesia e melancolia. Além disso, observamos que as pacientes do GTDA queixavam-se de um maior número de sintomas do que as pacientes do GC (6,8 vs. 4,8). Entre os sintomas significativamente mais relatados no GTDA, estão parestesia, fraqueza e melancolia. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar da limitação da pequena amostra, pudemos observar o significativo viés dos transtornos depressivos e ansiosos sobre as pacientes em tratamento por queixas referentes à menopausa. Por esse motivo, o perfil sintomático de cada paciente deve ser sempre observado, evitando o ginecologista basear-se na intensidade global dos sintomas do B-K para decidir sobre o tratamento.
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Reveglia, Pierluigi, Regina Billones-Baaijens, and Sandra Savocchia. "Phytotoxic Metabolites Produced by Fungi Involved in Grapevine Trunk Diseases: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities." Plants 11, no. 23 (December 5, 2022): 3382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11233382.
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Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs), caused by fungal pathogens, are a serious threat to vineyards worldwide, causing significant yield and economic loss. To date, curative methods are not available for GTDs, and the relationship between the pathogen and symptom expression is poorly understood. Several plant pathologists, molecular biologists, and chemists have been investigating different aspects of the pathogenicity, biochemistry, and chemical ecology of the fungal species involved in GTDs. Many studies have been conducted to investigate virulence factors, including the chemical characterization of phytotoxic metabolites (PMs) that assist fungi in invading and colonizing crops such as grapevines. Moreover, multidisciplinary studies on their role in pathogenicity, symptom development, and plant-pathogen interactions have also been carried out. The aim of the present review is to provide an illustrative overview of the biological and chemical characterization of PMs produced by fungi involved in Eutypa dieback, Esca complex, and Botryosphaeria dieback. Moreover, multidisciplinary investigations on host-pathogen interactions, including those using cutting-edge Omics techniques, will also be reviewed and discussed. Finally, challenges and opportunities in the role of PMs for reliable field diagnosis and control of GTDs in vineyards will also be explored.