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Priyadharshini, P., P. Pavithra, G. Safrena, S. Dhivya, and K. Sangeetha. "Techno Tollbooth Using RFID Tags & GSM Technology." Special Issue 5, Special Issue 1 (2019): 496–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.23883/ijrter.conf.20190322.064.btigv.
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Wei, Yihao, Aibo Shi, Xiting Jia, Zhiyong Zhang, Xinming Ma, Mingxin Gu, Xiaodan Meng, and Xiaochun Wang. "Nitrogen Supply and Leaf Age Affect the Expression of TaGS1 or TaGS2 Driven by a Constitutive Promoter in Transgenic Tobacco." Genes 9, no. 8 (August 10, 2018): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes9080406.
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Glutamine synthetase (GS) plays a key role in nitrogen metabolism. Here, two types of tobacco transformants, overexpressing Triticum aestivum GS1 (TaGS1) or GS2 (TaGS2), were analysed. Four independent transformed lines, GS1-TR1, GS1-TR2, GS2-TR1 and GS2-TR2, were used for the nitrogen treatment. Under nitrogen-sufficient conditions, the leaves of GS2-TR showed high accumulation of the TaGS2 transcript, while those of GS1-TR showed a low TaGS1 transcript levels. However, compared with nitrogen-sufficient conditions, the TaGS1 transcript level increased in the leaves under nitrogen starvation, but the TaGS2 transcript level decreased. In addition, the TaGS1 and TaGS2 transcript levels were highest in the middle leaves under nitrogen-sufficient and starvation conditions. These results show that nitrogen supply and leaf age regulate TaGS expression, even when they are driven by a super-promoter. Additionally, in regard to nitrogen metabolism level, the lower leaves of the GS1-TR exhibited lower NH4+ and higher amino acid contents, while the upper leaves exhibited higher amino acid, soluble protein and chlorophyll contents. The leaves of the GS2-TR exhibited lower NH4+ but higher amino acid, soluble protein and chlorophyll contents. Given the role that GS isoforms play in nitrogen metabolism, these data suggest that TaGS1 overexpression may improve nitrogen transport, and that TaGS2 overexpression may improve nitrogen assimilation under nitrogen stress.
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Jawalkar, Mayur Sunil, Nayan Desale, Fanil Suratwala, Amol Lamkhade, Parikshit N. Mahalle, and Poonam N. Railkar. "Intelligent Wildlife Tracking Using Ubiquitous Technological Suite." International Journal of Synthetic Emotions 8, no. 1 (January 2017): 44–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijse.2017010104.
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This paper proposes an intelligent system to track location of an individual animal or animals in wildlife sanctuary. Existing systems makes use of various technologies such as RFID, GPS, GSM, etc. RFID based systems either lack in range if passive tags are used or lack in cost effectiveness if active tags are used. Similarly, GSM based system becomes costlier and requires constant network connectivity. Hence this paper proposes a Wi-Fi based tracking system. Proposed system makes use of ubiquitous technology which encourages the use of Wi-Fi Transceivers. The Stationary Wi-Fi Transceiver consists of ESP8266 NodeMCU development board which detects the Mobile Transceiver. The Mobile Transceiver consists of ESP8266 NodeMCU attached to animals. The Stationary Wi-Fi transceiver detects Mobile Transceivers under its vicinity and sends the data to other Stationary transceiver through hop based transmission and ultimately the data is stored in the database. The mobile application accesses the location information from the database for particular animal and plots it onto the Map. This paper comprises of system architecture, proposed algorithm and mathematical model.
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Kendall, Corinne J., and Munir Z. Virani. "Assessing Mortality of African Vultures Using Wing Tags and GSM-GPS Transmitters." Journal of Raptor Research 46, no. 1 (March 2012): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3356/jrr-10-87.1.
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Meynecke, Jan-Olaf, and Nikolai Liebsch. "Asset Tracking Whales—First Deployment of a Custom-Made GPS/GSM Suction Cup Tag on Migrating Humpback Whales." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 6 (May 30, 2021): 597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9060597.
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The study of marine mammals is greatly enhanced through fine scale data on habitat use. Here we used a commonly available asset tracker Global Positioning System/Global Systems for Mobile Communication (GPS/GSM) integrated into a CATS suction cup tag to test its feasibility in providing real time location position on migrating humpback whales in coastal waters of eastern Australia. During two deployments—one on a suspected male and another on a female humpback whale—the tags provided location points with relatively high accuracy for both individuals albeit different swim behavior and surface intervals. In combination with an integrated archival data logger, the tag also provided detailed information on fine scale habitat use such as dive profiles. However, surface intervals were too short to allow for an upload of location data during deployment. Further improvements of the tag design will allow remote access to location data after deployment. Preliminary results suggested location acquisition was better when the tag was positioned well above the midline of the whale body. The technology promises less expensive, more reliable and more accurate short-term tracking of humpback whales compared to satellite relay tags, and it has the potential to be deployed on other marine mammals in coastal waters.
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A, Kumaraswamy, Nikhil R. Naik, Prapulchandan H N, Ranjan V. Kumbhar, and Dr Srividya B V. "RFID and Biometric-based Candidate Authentication, Examination hall allotment, Smart screening and Sanitization." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 3 (March 31, 2022): 250–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40628.
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Abstract: The aim of this work is to guide the candidate to the examination center. Nowadays, almost all examinations are performed on mixed systems. There are so many candidates having problems in finding rooms. Hence in this process, before coming to the examination hall, the students are relieved of their tension by helping them to find their seating arrangement. Every student will receive an RFID card as their admission ticket when they arrive at the college.[1] In the examination building the students flash their RFID tags to the RFID reader and provide their authentication using the biometric.The current COVID19 pandemic situation has driven the State Governments and all the college authorities around India to enforce limitations on transportation and movements of students to prevent the spread of disease. The measurement of body temperatures has always been the focus of the medical community. This work mainly focuses on the design and synthesis of a temperature detector as well as an automatic sanitization system. Keywords: Thermal Screening, Smart Sanitisation, Authentication, RFID tags, GSM module
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Russo, M., P. Šolić, and M. Stella. "Probabilistic modeling of harvested GSM energy and its application in extending UHF RFID tags reading range." Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 27, no. 4 (January 3, 2013): 473–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09205071.2013.753659.
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Vincent, Cécile, Bernie J. McConnell, Stéphanie Delayat, Jean-François Elder, Gérard Gautier, and Vincent Ridoux. "Winter habitat use of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) fitted with Fastloc™GPS/GSM tags in two tidal bays in France." NAMMCO Scientific Publications 8 (September 1, 2010): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/3.2691.
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Winter movements and habitat use of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) were investigated in two tidal bays in France, at the southern limit of their species range in the Northeast Atlantic. We fitted 15 seals with Fastloc™GPS/GSMtags in the Baie du Mont-Saint-Michel (BMSM) and the Baie des Veys (BDV). Tags relayed 20.6±7.1 GPS locations per seal-day, 81% of all dives performed by the seals and 87% of haulouts, during an average tracking duration of 108±56 days. One seal travelled 380 km away from the BMSM but the other seals remained stationary, with 95% and 55% of at-sea locations ≤ 5 km from the haulout sites in BMSM and BDV respectively. Home range sizes were 137 and 161 km² in BMSM and BDV, and core areas’ sizes, 35 and 22 km² respectively. The seals remained very coastally in both sites with 93% and 71% of at-sea locations located in the intertidal zone of BMSM and BDV respectively. Accordingly, dives were shallow with 63% and 61% of dive maximum depths <4 m and 94% and 88% <10 m (in BMSM and BDV respectively). Preferred foraging areas were located in tidal channels in BMSM, sometimes in the vicinity of rocks or mussel farms. In BDV one seal made foraging trips 10-15 km offshore but all other seals repeatedly used coastal areas, often foraging around mussel farms, shipwrecks or intertidal rocks in tidal currents. We suggest that the importance of the tides combined with local features of the topography allow seals to predict prey availability, driving their foraging strategies towards a number of specific coastal areas. These results further illustrate the behavioural plasticity of the species according to habitat and environmental conditions. Fastloc™ GPS/GSM telemetry is particularly well adapted for the study of seals’ habitat use at a fine geographical and temporal scale, as long as they occasionally come close to shore within GSM coverage.
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G, Mohammed Saiem Akther, and Prof Arun Raj S.R. "Intelligent Traffic Control System for Congestion Control, Ambulance Clearance and Stolen Vehicle Detection." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 3 (March 31, 2022): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40575.
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Abstract: Over the years, the number of vehicles has increased dramatically, which has led to serious problems such as traffic jams, accidents, and many other problems, as cities turn into smart cities. In recent years, traffic jams have become one of the main challenges for engineers and designers to create an intelligent traffic management system capable of effectively detecting and reducing the overall density of traffic in most urban areas. This paper presents an intelligent traffic control system to pass emergency vehicles smoothly. Each individual vehicle is equipped with special RFID tag (placed at a strategic location), which makes it impossible to remove or destroy. We use RFID reader, NSK EDK-125–TTL and PIC16F877A system-on-chip to read the RFID tags attached to the vehicle. It counts number of vehicles that passes on a particular path during a specified duration. It also determines the network congestion, and hence the green light duration for that path. If the RFID-tag-read belongs to the stolen vehicle, then a message is sent using GSM SIM300 to the police control room. Also, when an ambulance is approaching the junction, it will communicate to the traffic controller in the junction to turn on the green light. This module uses ZigBee modules on CC2500 and PIC16F877A system-on-chip for wireless communications between the ambulance and traffic controller. The prototype was tested under different combinations of inputs in our wireless communication laboratory and experimental results were found as expected. Keywords: ZigBee, CC2500, GSM, SIM300, PIC16F877A, Ambulance Vehicle, Stolen Vehicle, Congestion Control, Traffic Junction.
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Carvalho, Laio Souza Pontes de, José Fábio de Lima Nascimento, and Daniel Nascimento-e-Silva. "Tracking in product delivery using portable RFID with arduine." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 10 (October 17, 2020): e7529109298. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i10.9298.
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This study aimed to develop a device for traceability of the goods delivery process, using radio frequency technology (RFID), which will inform the date, time and location where the goods are being delivered to the end customer. The methodology used consisted of three stages: 1) data collection through a portable collector along with RFID tags, 2) data processing by the microcontroller and 3) carrying out the consultation of the information contained in the tag through the communication between the RFID and the Arduino, whose product traceability was carried out through radio frequency sending information via GSM; while the materials used were 1 mega arduino board, 1 6m Neo GPS shield, 1 Sim 900 module, 1 RC522 RFID reader, 1 16x2 graphic LCD display and 1 keychain RFID tag. For testing the sending of date, time, product specifications and location information via SMS to the registered cell phone at the time of product delivery, operations were carried out in different locations with different dates and times and the messages were sent without fail. The results confirmed the display of the information “Data Collected Successfully” on the LCD display, after the reading of the LCD label by the collector. The proposed prototype proved to be effective, managing to control the delivery of low-cost goods through passive tag on a portable RFID reader.
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P, Kalaivani, Rajan C, and Sandhiya S. "An Automated Billing System in Shopping Malls Using Bascart." Bulletin of Scientific Research 1, no. 1 (May 30, 2019): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/bsr1919.
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In modern days, people are getting too busy in their works but still they need to spend time in shopping malls. In Shopping malls, customers face a difficulty to follow a queue for the process of billing, which takes a long time under huge crowd. Customer thought that, to avoid the standing time in the billing section at shopping malls. To overcome the above problems, we emerged the Bascart system. To increase the pace of a billing process, RFID tags in products, then the product is read by the barcode scanner which describes the cost of that product and is displays on the LCD screen attached in our shopping list. As customer buy their exact product its price is add on the previous list. The cost of the product is displayed on the LCD screen by using microcontroller through Zigbee Communication from host PC. Zigbee supports bidirectional communication between microcontroller and host PC. We have proposed the Weighing Sensor for the purpose of checking the weight of the items and it is directly stored in the server database. Customer get direct bill at the billing section which is already stored at host PC which automatically reduces the queue. Then GSM Module in our system is used to detect the Geo-position of the customer’s mobile for the process of intimating the shopping details of the customer through messages which is already updated in database.
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Rusadi, Jeki Cara, and Yasdinul Huda. "PERANCANGAN DAN PEMBUATAN SISTEM KEAMANAN TERINTEGRASI PADA KENDARAAN BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER ATMEGA328." Voteteknika (Vocational Teknik Elektronika dan Informatika) 7, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/voteteknika.v7i1.103835.
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This research is motivated by the development of a security system on vehicles to reduce criminal acts such as theft, robbery and legality. However, security systems such as alarms and double locks still do not guarantee vehicle safety, because there is no notification to the user when the vehicle is stolen and cannot know the face of the person who stole the user's vehicle. The purpose of this Final Assignment is to apply ATMega328 microcontroller-based technology designed by making integrated hardware and security system software on motorized vehicles. The overall system design and manufacturing process uses the Reserve Engineering method by following several stages, namely: 1) designing the system, 2) designing the hardware, 3) designing the software, 4) the physical design of the tool and making the tool. From the results of the design and manufacture of an integrated security system on motorized vehicles it can be concluded that this tool can work well using the ATMega328 microcontroller as the center of the controller. To turn on the motor, the tool can recognize users with RFID RC522 tags that have been registered. In this tool the User can also find out the position of the vehicle when the vehicle is stolen via text messages and Google Maps with the internet network. When a user is banned by pressing the anti-lock push button, the system can notify the family via a short message. Support from this tool can turn off the vehicle remotely by sending the message "MOTOROFF". The complexity of this tool comes to the use of the TP-LINK NC220 Night Cloud IP camera which can take pictures and do video recording. Keywords: Integrated Security System, ATMega328 Microcontroller, Web Server, SIM800L V2 GSM, RFID RC522, and U-blox NEO-6M GPS..
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Morrow, Danielle, David Nathanson, Timothy Cloughesy, Robert Prins, Nicholas Bayley, Linda Liau, Steven Bensinger, and Kevin Williams. "CBIO-05. LIPID METABOLIC REPROGRAMMING SENSITIZES A MOLECULARLY-DEFINED SUBSET OF GLIOBLASTOMAS TO FERROPTOSIS." Neuro-Oncology 22, Supplement_2 (November 2020): ii16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa215.065.
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Abstract Cancers, including the universally lethal glioblastoma (GBM), have reprogrammed lipid metabolism to fuel tumor growth. However, the molecular alterations responsible for aberrant lipid metabolism, and the potential for identifying new therapeutic opportunities are not fully understood. To systematically investigate the GBM lipidome, we performed integrated transcriptomic, genomic and shotgun lipidomic analysis of an extensive library of molecularly diverse patient-derived GBM samples. Using this comprehensive approach, we discovered two GBM sub-groups defined by their combined molecular and lipidomic profile. Triacylglycerides (TAGs) enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were among the most significantly altered lipids between the two groups of GBM tumors. TAGs are the main components of lipid droplets, which sequester PUFA-TAGs away from membrane phospholipids where their peroxidation can lead to ferroptosis – a regulated from of PUFA-peroxidation dependent cell death. Accordingly, the GBM subgroup with a depletion of PUFA TAGs showed heightened sensitivity to ferroptosis. Our findings suggest a novel association between specific molecular signatures of GBM, lipid metabolism and ferroptosis. This relationship may present a new therapeutic opportunity to target reprogrammed lipid metabolism in a molecularly-defined subset of GBMs.
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Zhang, Xinhe, Wenbo Lv, and Haoran Tan. "Low-Complexity GSM Detection Based on Maximum Ratio Combining." Future Internet 14, no. 5 (May 23, 2022): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi14050159.
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Generalized spatial modulation (GSM) technology is an extension of spatial modulation (SM) technology, and one of its main advantages is to further improve band efficiency. However, the multiple active antennas for transmission also brings the demodulation difficulties at the receiver. To solve the problem of high computational complexity of the optimal maximum likelihood (ML) detection, two sub-optimal detection algorithms are proposed through reducing the number of transmit antenna combinations (TACs) detected at the receiver. One is the maximum ratio combining detection algorithm based on repetitive sorting strategy, termed as (MRC-RS), which uses MRC repetitive sorting strategy to select the most likely TACs in detection. The other is the maximum ratio combining detection algorithm, which is based on the iterative idea of the orthogonal matching pursuit, termed the MRC-MP algorithm. The MRC-MP algorithm reduces the number of TACs through finite iterations to reduce the computational complexity. For M-QAM constellation, a hard-limited maximum likelihood (HLML) detection algorithm is introduced to calculate the modulation symbol. For the M-PSK constellation, a low-complexity maximum likelihood (LCML) algorithm is introduced to calculate the modulation symbol. The computational complexity of these two algorithms for calculating the modulation symbol are independent of modulation order. The simulation results show that for GSM systems with a large number of TACs, the proposed two algorithms not only achieve almost the same bit error rate (BER) performance as the ML algorithm, but also can greatly reduce the computational complexity.
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Morrow, Danielle, Jenna Minami, Nicholas Bayley, Kevin Williams, Steven Bensinger, Robert Prins, Linda Liau, Timothy Cloughesy, and David Nathanson. "DDRE-23. A COMPREHENSIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF THE GBM LIPIDOME REVEALS A MOLECULARLY-DEFINED SUB-GROUP WITH HEIGHTENED SENSITIVITY TO LIPID PEROXIDATION INDUCED CELL DEATH." Neuro-Oncology Advances 3, Supplement_1 (March 1, 2021): i11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/noajnl/vdab024.045.
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Abstract Cancers, including the universally lethal glioblastoma (GBM), have reprogrammed lipid metabolism to fuel tumor growth and promote survival. However, the full extent to which lipid content is altered across molecularly heterogeneous patient tumors has yet to be fully elucidated. Additionally, the molecular alterations responsible for aberrant lipid metabolism, and the potential for identifying new therapeutic opportunities are not fully understood. To systematically investigate the GBM lipidome, we performed integrated transcriptomic, genomic and shotgun lipidomic analysis of an extensive library of molecularly diverse patient-derived GBM tumors across tumor microenvironments both in vivo (n=23) and in vitro (n=30). Using this comprehensive approach, we discovered two GBM sub-groups defined by their combined molecular and lipidomic profile. Triacylglycerides (TAGs) enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were among the most significantly altered lipids between the two groups of GBM tumors. TAGs are the main components of lipid droplets, which have been shown to sequester PUFAs away from membrane phospholipids where their sensitivity to peroxidation leads to cell death. The GBM subgroup with a depletion of PUFA TAGs showed heightened sensitivity to lipid peroxidation both under basal conditions and in response to pro-oxidant compounds in vitro. Our findings suggest a novel association between specific molecular signatures of GBM, lipid metabolism and lipid peroxidation-induced cell death. This relationship may present a new therapeutic opportunity to target reprogrammed lipid metabolism in a molecularly-defined subset of GBMs.
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Jing, Xiaorong, Mingyue Wang, Wei Zhou, and Hongqing Liu. "Improved QRD-M Detection Algorithm for Generalized Spatial Modulation Scheme." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3581592.
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Generalized spatial modulation (GSM) is a spectral and energy efficient multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission scheme. It will lead to imperfect detection performance with relatively high computational complexity by directly applying the original QR-decomposition with M algorithm (QRD-M) to the GSM scheme. In this paper an improved QRD-M algorithm is proposed for GSM signal detection, which achieves near-optimal performance but with relatively low complexity. Based on the QRD, the improved algorithm firstly transforms the maximum likelihood (ML) detection of the GSM signals into searching an inverted tree structure. Then, in the searching process of the M branches, the branches corresponding to the illegitimate transmit antenna combinations (TACs) and related to invalid number of active antennas are cut in order to improve the validity of the resultant branches at each level by taking advantage of characteristics of GSM signals. Simulation results show that the improved QRD-M detection algorithm provides similar performance to maximum likelihood (ML) with the reduced computational complexity compared to the original QRD-M algorithm, and the optimal value of parameter M of the improved QRD-M algorithm for detection of the GSM scheme is equal to modulation order plus one.
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Koszela, Jarosław. "Methods of structural analysis of business processes." MATEC Web of Conferences 210 (2018): 04016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821004016.
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The article outlines selected methods for analyzing business processes: their definitions and instances. The methods for analytical processing of processes constitute a component of the Business Intelligence environment - process warehouses, including methods for analytical processing and exploration of the collected process definitions and instances - i.e. process mining. One of the main elements of the analysis of processes is to determine the similarity between them. In systems for analyzing large sets of elements, the method of determining similarity should be efficiency because is the basis for others analysis methods, e.g. clustering, classification, etc. A method for analyzing structural similarity of business processes, based on the similarity of sequences of genetic tags of such processes, was presented using the similarity analysis methods based on the editing distance and the developed methods of structural similarity: GNM, DNM, GCM, DCM. The presented similarity methods were used to clustering processes and to determine the central element of the cluster. The developed methods form the basis for the development of similarity methods extended to aspects of semantic similarity of business processes and methods of analysis and exploration of processes.
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KHAN, AKBAR S., BRYAN R. TAYLOR, DAVID P. RINGER, and BRUCE A. ROE. "Identification and Molecular Cloning of Differentially Expressed Sequence Tags from Human Small Cell Lung Cancer." Genome Science and Technology 1, no. 2 (January 1996): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/gst.1996.1.47.
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Zhu, Xiang, Long Zeng, Zhiyong Qiu, Shiyao Lin, Tao Zhang, Jian Bao, Youjun Hu, et al. "Nonlinear mode couplings between geodesic acoustic mode and toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes in the EAST tokamak." Physics of Plasmas 29, no. 6 (June 2022): 062504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0088839.
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Multiple toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes (TAEs) driven unstable by energetic electrons and a geodesic acoustic mode (GAM) have been successively observed in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) low-density Ohmic discharges. Nonlinear mode couplings among these modes are conclusively identified. Theoretical analysis suggests that the coupling of simultaneously driven TAEs is the mechanism for GAM excitation. These results experimentally show the potential role of nonlinear mode coupling to the saturation of energetic-particle driven TAE instability, which may nonlinearly transfer energy of energetic particles to bulk plasma and heat fuel ions via low frequency mode such as GAM.
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Neloy, Asif Ahmed, Rafia Alif Bindu, Sazid Alam, Ridwanul Haque, Md Saif Ahammod Khan, Nasim Mahmud Mishu, and Shahnewaz Siddique. "Alpha-N-V2: Shortest Path Finder Automated Delivery Robot with Obstacle Detection and Avoiding System." Vietnam Journal of Computer Science 07, no. 04 (June 8, 2020): 373–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2196888820500219.
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An improved version of Alpha-N, a self-powered, wheel-driven Automated Delivery Robot (ADR), is presented in this study. Alpha-N-V2 is capable of navigating autonomously by detecting and avoiding objects or obstacles in its path. For autonomous navigation and path planning, Alpha-N uses a vector map and calculates the shortest path by Grid Count Method (GCM) of Dijkstra’s Algorithm. The RFID Reading System (RRS) is assembled in Alpha-N to read Landmark determination with Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags. With the help of the RFID tags, Alpha-N verifies the path for identification between source and destination and calibrates the current position. Along with the RRS, GCM, to detect and avoid obstacles, an Object Detection Module (ODM) is constructed by Faster R-CNN with VGGNet-16 architecture that builds and supports the Path Planning System (PPS). In the testing phase, the following results are acquired from the Alpha-N: ODM exhibits an accuracy of [Formula: see text], RRS shows [Formula: see text] accuracy and the PPS maintains the accuracy of [Formula: see text]. This proposed version of Alpha-N shows significant improvement in terms of performance and usability compared with the previous version of Alpha-N.
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Zhang, Pengfei, Minzhou Dong, and Junhong Duan. "Classification of Few Labeled Images Based on Integrated GMM Clustering." Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 37, no. 3 (June 2019): 465–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20193730465.
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In order to improve the classifier classification accuracy of by using convolutional neural network training, a large amount of labeled data is often required, but sometimes labeled data is not easily obtained.This paper proposes a solution based on the idea of integrated GMM clustering and label delivery for classifying images with few labeled samples, assigning tags to unlabeled data through certain rules, and converting unlabeled data into labeled data for training of the model.In this paper, experiments are performed on hand-written digital recognition data sets. The results show that the present algorithm has a great improvement in the accuracy of model classification comparing with the method of using only labeled samples in the case of few labeled samples. The effectiveness of the present algorithm is validated.
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Shehmeen Khan, Sabreena Abbas, Afsheen Abro, Beenish Ghafar Memon, Farhat Sultana, and Hafsa Usman Shaikh. "Dyslipidemia and atherogenic index of plasma in gestational diabetes mellitus with vitamin B12 deficiency." Professional Medical Journal 29, no. 03 (February 28, 2022): 367–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2022.29.03.6827.
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Objective: To determine frequency of vitamin B12 deficiency and dyslipidemia and calculate atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) in Gestational Diabetes mellitus (GDM). Study Design: Observational study. Setting: Department of Biochemistry, Liaquat University Jamshoro. Period: January 2018 to December 2019. Material & Methods: 216 cases of GDM were selected by inclusion criteria. Venous blood sampling collected blood sample that were centrifuged to get sera. Glucose, vitamin B12, and blood lipids were estimated by standard methods. Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) was calculated as log TAG/HDLc ratio. Data was analysed by SPSS 21.0 ver. at 95% CI (P≤0.05). Results: Vitamin B12 deficiency and Dyslipidemia were noted in 151 (69.9%) and 165 (23.61%) of GDM cases respectively (P=0.0001). Vitamin B12 was found low as 156.62±82.9 ng/mL. TC (244.07±49.11), TAGs (699.4±249.5), and LDLc (137.9±40.84) were found high and HDLc (33.13±5.71) was low. High and medium risk AIP was noted in 17 (7.87%) and 29 (13.4%) of GDM cases (P=0.0001). Vitamin B12 proved negative TC (r= -0.25, P=0.02), TAG (r= -0.23, P=0.02), LDLc (r= -0.79, P=0.0001) and positive correlation with HDLc (r= 0.76, P=0.0001). Conclusion: Vitamin B12 deficiency and Dyslipidemia were noted in 151 (69.9%) and 165 (23.61%) of GDM cases respectively. High and medium risk AIP was noted in 17 (7.87%) and 29 (13.4%) of GDM cases.
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Zhao, Hongbo, Kirsi S. Mikkonen, Petri O. Kilpeläinen, and Mari I. Lehtonen. "Spruce Galactoglucomannan-Stabilized Emulsions Enhance Bioaccessibility of Bioactive Compounds." Foods 9, no. 5 (May 23, 2020): 672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9050672.
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The increasing public awareness of health and sustainability has prompted the development of functional foods rich in health-promoting ingredients. Processing technologies and sustainable multifunctional ingredients are needed for structuring these formulations. Spruce galactoglucomannan (GGM), the main hemicelluloses in softwood cell walls, are an abundantly available, emerging sustainable food hydrocolloid that have the ability to efficiently emulsify and stabilize oil-in-water emulsions. In this study, we illustrate how this lignocellulosic stabilizer affects the digestion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in vitro. A 100% decrease in the initial TAG content was observed during the in vitro digestion, suggesting that complete hydrolysis of the TAGs was achieved by the digestive enzymes. Besides, no release of mono-, di-, and oligosaccharides or phenolic compounds from GGM was detected. Our results demonstrate that the GGM-stabilized emulsion could potentially deliver lipophilic bioactive ingredients and enhance their bioaccessibility. In addition, this bio-stabilizer itself would remain stable in the upper gastrointestinal track and serve as a prebiotic for gut microbiota. We anticipate GGM to complement or even replace many of the conventional carriers of bioactive components in future health care products and functional foods.
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Park, YeonJung, Sanjay Patwardhan, and Eugene Chang. "Association Between Skin Tags and Acanthosis nigricans With GDM and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy [39L]." Obstetrics & Gynecology 129 (May 2017): S131—S132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aog.0000514671.37556.e8.
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Bilik, I., J. Tabrikian, and A. Cohen. "GMM-based target classification for ground surveillance Doppler radar." IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 42, no. 1 (January 2006): 267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/taes.2006.1603422.
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Trivedi, Vrunda, Changlin Yang, Oleg Yegorov, Kyle Dyson, and Duane Mitchell. "EXTH-47. PRECISION IMMUNOTHERAPY VACCINES FOR GLIOBLASTOMA USING CANCER IMMUNOGENOMICS AND SELECTIVE GENE ENRICHMENT STRATEGY." Neuro-Oncology 22, Supplement_2 (November 2020): ii97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa215.401.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Development of successful immunotherapy targeting antigens in Glioblastoma (GBM) remains a challenge owing to the heterogeneous nature of GBM and the low mutation burden. It is therefore important to identify multiple tumor antigens that can be targeted simultaneously. Our goal is to develop a personalized RNA vaccination approach that employs the use of cancer immunogenomics in identifying tumor immunogenic epitopes and target enrichment strategies that allow for targeting only the tumor specific antigens. APPROACH RNAseq and WES was performed for murine GBM tumors KR158 and GL261. Using our Open Reading Frame Antigen Network (O.R.A.N.) algorithm, we identified neoantigens and tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) which includes cancer testis and developmental antigens that are aberrantly over-expressed in the KR158 and GL261 tumors. The genes identified as harboring the target epitopes were subjected to a gene enrichment strategy which included hybridization, capture and amplification of our identified genes from a pool of total tumor cDNA. The precision RNA libraries generated from the enriched cDNA samples were then validated for enrichment of target genes using RNAseq. RESULTS We predicted 12 neoantigens and 15 TAAs as immunogenic targets for the KR158 tumor and 192 neoantigens and 37 TAAs for GL261. Pre-capture and amplification, the 27 KR158 tumor genes constituted only 1.14% of the total tumor cDNA pool, however, we were able to enrich the selected genes to up to 95% of the cDNA pool. The IVT RNA library generated from the enriched cDNA templates also consisted of a 90–95% majority of the predicted tumor-specific genes and only 5–10% of the genes were background. CONCLUSION We have demonstrated the ability to generate tumor antigen specific personalized RNA libraries for murine GBM tumors. RNA vaccines targeting specifically and simultaneously numerous tumor antigens, will pave way for the future of immunotherapy vaccines without the induction of intolerable autoimmunity.
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Porras-Bernardez, Francisco, Georg Gartner, Nico Van de Weghe, and Steven Verstockt. "Finding cultural heritage traces from modern social media." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-302-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> This work is on development within the framework of the project Eureca: <i>EUropean Region Enrichment in City Archives and collections</i> of the University of Ghent (IDLab, CartoGIS), the Technical University of Vienna (Research Group Cartography) and several city and state archives. <i>Eureca</i> focuses on revealing traces (i.e. origins or influences) of European regions that have shaped the cities in which we live today and will further develop tools to explore these traces when visiting a city. Different historical, architectural, economic, political, and cultural reasons form the base of these traces, and will be used as input to disclose cultural heritage items that can be linked to specific European regions and origins. The enriched metadata that will result in this project will be further usable to perform new fundamental research and applied studies, and to facilitate the exploitation of the collections to a broader public and attract new groups of cultural heritage consumers.</p><p>The specific focus of this work is on Geo-Social media (GSM) (Ostermann, 2015) as a source of information to identify these European traces of the past. The objective of this research is finding the <i>footprint</i> of Europeans visiting other euro-cities by determining areas of preference in a city for specific nationalities and during certain periods. The footprints represent areas of attraction for visitors in the city and the reasons for this attraction could be multiple: available services, architecture, historical/cultural hotspots, etc. Finding these modern footprints will be a base to identify the most visited cultural heritage points of interest (POIs) for specific nationalities or even cities of origin and during specific periods of the year. Finally, this will contribute to the development of location based services (LBS) that will help users to explore traces of their own region of origin in other European cities.</p><p>Social media data have been used in research widely and despite their multiple limitations, they have been proven useful for geographic research in different fields. Geotagged social media provide better insights on the spatial behaviour of their users. Some of the most used media in the literature include Foursquare, Twitter or Flickr. Foursquare is the least interesting for us because of its user base and amount of data available. Twitter provides a huge amount of geotagged text for semantic analysis but Flickr’s user profile is more suited for tourist behaviour analysis. Furthermore, Flickr provides a well-developed set of Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) to enable easier access to their data.</p><p>The first phase of this research involved the data collection from Flickr via two of its APIs. There are several Flickr datasets openly available, nevertheless we opted for building our own collection to avoid problems related to accessibility, accuracy and temporal coverage. Metadata of each uploaded picture such as photo owner, uploading date, geolocation, etc. was retrieved. In a second process, another API will be used to obtain the user name, location (user manually-provided) and other attributes. This location attribute have to be processed because of the heterogeneity of the data format. If only <i>city</i> is provided, the places have to be matched to a gazetteer to determine the country.</p><p>The data retrieved covered a squared area of 68 Mill.&thinsp;km<sup>2</sup> representing a huge area around the continental Europe. In order to determine the nationality of each user the first source of information is the self-reported location included in her profile. Unfortunately, this information is often missing or can be simply false. For the majority of the users, the home location has to be inferred by some kind of method. A simple method based on previous works on home determination from user’s GSM data (Li & Goodchild, 2012; Bojic et al., 2015) was developed and tested. To identify a country as user’s home location, all the pictures uploaded during a year in each country were considered. If the temporal difference between last and first photo was greater than 6 months, the user was labelled as local resident in that country. For comparison purposes, a second threshold of 3 months was also applied. With both thresholds, in some cases users were labelled with double home location because of being present in both cities in the same year.</p><p>We are aware of some limitations of this approach. For instance, a user can visit two times the same city in the same year. Besides, those users uploading pictures between the end of one year and the beginning of the following one will not be classified in that country. The nature of the Flickr user is a limitation itself; some individuals can upload one single photo and others may contribute thousands.</p><p>The method will be improved in future work by requiring a minimum of images uploaded during the chosen period. Also, it will be analysed the continuous stream of uploads during time instead of simply considering natural years. Additionally, the language of the title and tags could be used to infer the nationality. Moreover, the first information that will be taken into consideration is the self-reported home location obtained from the user’s profile. This new approach will increase the number of users correctly labelled so that we can get a better differentiation between locals and tourists and between different nationalities. This will be key for our further analysis.</p><p>The uploaded photos can be visualised as points in the space given that we have their geolocation. We can generate a continuous raster surface from these points using Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) (Grothe & Schaab, 2009). These raster are heatmaps that represent areas of high concentration of pictures. These heatmaps represent a footprint of the visitors in the city. Thus, the areas more visited by tourists from a specific origin will be visible and also an analysis of the temporal evolution will be possible. The continuous surfaces built with KDE are very well suited for the task of determining vague areas open enough for further POIs identification in <i>Eureca</i>. In addition, to include areas of interest (AOIs) when dealing with open spaces like parks, squares or large buildings. Figure 1 shows examples of footprints in Vienna and Ghent.</p><p>The footprints will reveal the most preferred places for specific origins. Furthermore, all the footprints will be compared through spatial analysis. Using map algebra (Tomlin, 1990), we will obtain areas of common interest for Europeans and for instance classify the areas as high, moderate or low “Euro-visitor interest”. This can be applied for aggregated groups e.g. Mediterranean nations, German-speaking countries, etc. In further steps, Flickr data from the rest of the world will be collected to apply the same approach for more groups.</p><p>Regarding the results already obtained, the final number of points retrieved was about 66 million and covered a period (2004&ndash;2018) representing Flickr photos from 62 countries. Initial research was done with a selection of 2 European cities and countries: Ghent (Belgium) and Vienna (Austria). Next steps will include all those countries fully retrieved from Flickr and the 10 European capitals with the highest amount of data available.</p><p>Several conclusions can be drawn from the initial results. The number of photos available for each city can vary greatly; this has to be considered in terms of relative representativeness. The inclusion of the self-reported user information should improve the theoretical accuracy of the user home location determination. It could serve as some kind of ground truth to estimate precision and recall of our own classification method. Increasing the dataset with world coverage and classifying the home location of all the global users should reduce the number of ambivalent cases by applying other strategies. In sum, further work is required but this initial approach seems to be useful for establishing GSM as a valuable modern source of information to identify cultural heritage POIs/AOIs that will reveal European traces of the past within the <i>Eureca</i> project.</p>
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Trnka, Jamie H. "Melodramatic Realism: Shared Time and Temporality in Gunther Scholz's and Carlos Cerda's Ein April hat 30 Tage." German Studies Review 43, no. 1 (2020): 87–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/gsr.2020.0004.
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Oliveira, Hallysson, Stiven Schwanz Dias, and Marcelo Gomes da Silva Bruno. "Cooperative Terrain Navigation Using Hybrid GMM/SMC Message Passing on Factor Graphs." IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 56, no. 5 (October 2020): 3958–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/taes.2020.2985316.
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Sanders, Stephanie, Denise Herpai, and Waldemar Debinski. "IMMU-06. COMBINATORIAL IMMUNE CHECKPOINT INHIBITORS FOR TARGETED INTRATUMORAL DELIVERY IN GBM." Neuro-Oncology 23, Supplement_6 (November 2, 2021): vi93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab196.366.
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Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is an immunologically cold tumor. Using single cell sequencing of CD45+ cells we confirmed that T cells are present within GBM samples. These T cells are positive for exhaustion markers such as LAG3 and TIGIT, as well as CTLA4 and PD1 checkpoint receptors. Modulating T cell activity through use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has shown efficacy in the treatment of a variety of solid tumors, and the combination of anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD1 ICIs has shown increased efficacy over use of a single therapeutic. Additionally, targeting ICIs to the tumor cells may increase efficacy of this treatment. We therefore constructed a combinatorial ICI redirected to GBM via interleukin 13 receptor alpha 2 (IL13RA2), a receptor over-expressed on the majority of GBM cells but not normal brain. The first component of the construct, labeled with a histidine tag, targets CTLA4 while the second component, tagged with a StrepII tag, targets PD1. The tags added to the constructs will allow for purification of a combinatorial heterodimer simultaneously targeting PD1, CTLA4 and IL13RA2. We purified individual components via fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) using a proteinG column followed by a HisTrap or StrepTrap column. We obtained a recombinant, targeted multivalent ICI at > 95% purity. We found that these constructs are able to bind their target receptors via ELISA in which the Kd values ranged from picomolar to low nanomolar range. Additionally, our constructs bind their target on live cells by flow cytometry. We next designed a heterodimeric construct which can combinatorially target CTLA4 and PD1 while also directing the ICI therapy to GBM. These constructs in conjunction with other immune stimulants like cytotoxic therapies are intended to facilitate the interaction between T cells and GBM tumor cells directly in a tumor microenvironment.
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Federico, Concetta, Claudia G. Leotta, Francesca Bruno, Anna M. Longo, Temitayo Owoka, Sabrina Tosi, and Salvatore Saccone. "Nuclear Repositioning of the Non-Translocated HLXB9 Allele in the Leukaemia Cell Line GDM-1 Harbouring a t(6;7)(q23;q36)." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 153, no. 1 (2017): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000480745.
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Transcriptionally active and inactive topologically associated domains (TADs) occupy different areas in the cell nucleus, and chromosomal rearrangements relocating TADs could determine ectopic expression of the repositioned genes. In this study, we investigated the HLXB9 gene in a myeloid leukaemia cell line, GDM-1, known to harbour a rearrangement involving chromosome 7 with a breakpoint distal to HLXB9, highly expressed in these cells. We used FISH to target the regions involved in the translocation and to distinguish the translocated chromosome from the non-translocated one in interphase nuclei. Two-dimensional analysis of the interphase FISH data indicated that the 2 HLXB9 alleles had a different localisation in the cell nuclei, with the translocated allele consistently positioned in the nuclear periphery and the normal one in the more internal portion of the nucleus, known as the transcriptionally active compartment. Our data may indicate that HLXB9 transcripts in the GDM-1 cell line do not arise from the allele located in rearranged chromosome 7, suggesting that regulation of gene expression in cancer cells harbouring chromosomal translocations might be more complex than previously thought, paving the path to further investigations on mechanisms of gene expression.
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INAGAKI, Tetsuya, Shouichiro IIO, Yoshiaki HANEDA, and Toshihiko IKEDA. "414 Jet Oscillating Control by Tabs." Proceedings of Conference of Hokuriku-Shinetsu Branch 2008.45 (2008): 131–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmehs.2008.45.131.
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Trivedi, Vrunda, Changlin Yang, Oleg Yegorov, Kyle Dyson, and Duane Mitchell. "IMMU-32. IDENTIFICATION OF TUMOR-ANTIGEN SPECIFIC T CELLS AND THE EFFICACY OF IMMUNOTHERAPY VACCINES FOR GLIOBLASTOMA ANTIGENS DETERMINED USING CANCER IMMUNOGENOMICS APPROACH." Neuro-Oncology 23, Supplement_6 (November 2, 2021): vi99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab196.391.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains a disease with debilitating survival outcomes. Owing to the heterogeneous nature and low mutation burden, identifying multiple antigens inherent to GBM that may serve as targets for immune-based therapies is attractive. Our aim is to develop a personalized immunotherapy approach using cancer immunogenomics for prospectively identifying neoantigens and uniquely expressed tumor proteins and then selectively expanding T cells against these truly tumor-specific antigens and dendritic cell vaccines to boost the T cell responses. METHODS RNAseq and WES was performed for murine KR158-luc GBM tumor. Using a cancer immunogenomics approach that we developed, called the O pen R eading Frame A ntigen N etwork (O.R.A.N.), we identified the immunogenic neoantigens and tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) including cancer testis and developmental antigens, that are aberrantly over-expressed in KR158-luc tumor. All predicted genes were subjected to a gene enrichment strategy and an mRNA library was generated containing predominantly only the target genes but had some background non-specific genes (validated by RNAseq). KR158-luc tumor bearing animals were then treated with dendritic cells loaded with the tumor antigen specific mRNA library. Tumor volume and thus progress was determined using in vivo luciferase imaging technique. Additionally, tetramers specific to several of the predicted antigens were manufactured and the frequency of antigen specific T cells was determined using flow cytometry. RESULTS The dendritic cell vaccines were effective in delaying the progression of KR158-luc tumors and we identified T cells targeting several of our predicted antigens in the tumor bearing animals. The antigen specific T cells were detected in the tumor infiltrating lymphocytes as well as in the peripheral lymph organs. CONCLUSION We developed a dendritic cell-based vaccination approach targeting all neoantigens and TAAs identified as being tumor-specific and validated our developed immunogenomics pipeline by identifying antigen-specific T cells in the tumor bearing animals against novel GBM antigens.
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Kumar, Sonia, Rachel Browne, Jeffrey Wu, and Simon Tso. "Student’s motivation to pursue a graduate-entry medicine degree programme." Asia Pacific Scholar 6, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 128–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29060/taps.2021-6-1/pv2240.
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The decision to pursue medicine is a significant step for individuals, particularly those for whom this involves a career change. While medicine in the UK has traditionally been an undergraduate course, graduate-entry medicine (GEM) programmes were introduced in 2000 and offer an accelerated course for suitably qualified candidates with a Bachelor’s degree. Students have a variety of motivations for undertaking a GEM programme (Carter & Peile, 2007), and we herein explore the factors that influence this range of motivations.
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Chow, Kwong-Hon (Kevin), Sabine Heitzeneder, Peng Xu, Johanna Theruvath, Siddhartha S. Mitra, Samuel Henry Cheshier, Gordon Li, and Crystal Mackall. "327 B7-H3 Chimeric Antigen Receptor Modified T Cells Show Potent Anti-Tumor Activity in a Preclinical Model of Glioblastoma." Neurosurgery 64, CN_suppl_1 (August 24, 2017): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyx417.327.
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Abstract INTRODUCTION While initial phase I data suggest efficacy of local delivery of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) modified T cells against glioblastoma (GBM), their activity remains limited in part by the intensity of antigen expression. Targeting more robust tumor associated antigens (TAAs) may help to improve anti-tumor responses. B7-H3 (CD276), a transmembrane glycoprotein which is overexpressed on many solid cancers including GBM, is a promising target. Here we generate CAR T cells specific for B7-H3 and characterize their function in a preclinical model of glioblastoma. METHODS B7-H3 CAR T cells were generated by retroviral transduction of healthy donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using a vector designed by our lab. The CAR modified T cells were tested in vitro for their ability to produce proinflammatory cytokines and kill B7-H3 positive glioma cell lines. In vivo activity of B7-H3 CAR T cells was tested using an orthotopic GBM xenograft mouse model. RESULTS >B7-H3 CAR T cells produced the proinflammatory cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN-g), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) when cocultured with B7-H3 positive glioma cell lines. B7-H3 CAR T cells also killed B7-H3 positive glioma cells in an in vitro cytotoxicity assay. Finally, B7-H3 CAR T cells demonstrated potent anti-tumor activity in vivo, producing tumor regression in our mouse model of GBM and significantly improving survival. CONCLUSION B7-H3 CAR T cells effectively target GBM and demonstrate significant anti-tumor activity in our preclinical studies. Efforts to translate this CAR for clinical use are warranted and will add to the armamentarium for treating patients with GBM and other solid cancers.
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Schilsky, Richard L., Sandra M. Swain, Robert Hauser, Joshua Mann, George W. Sledge, Peter Paul Yu, Allen S. Lichter, and Clifford Hudis. "Lessons learned from the development of the CancerLinQ prototype: Clinical decision support." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 31_suppl (November 1, 2013): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.31_suppl.237.
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237 Background: CancerLinQ (CLQ) is a rapid learning system (RLS) for oncology in development by ASCO. CLQ is based on the transfer of electronic health records (EHR) from participating oncology practices to a data warehouse where data aggregation and de-identification occurs. A prototype was built using open source software and has collected de-identified data on 170,000+ pts with breast cancer (BC) from 31 community oncology practices using 4 different EHRs. The primary goals for the prototype were 1. Aggregate patient data from any EHR platform, process it and create a longitudinal record; 2. Develop quality reports from EHRs; 3. Point of care Clinical Decision Support (CDS) from ASCO guidelines; 4. Data visualization for hypothesis generation; 5. Demonstrate desire to share data for quality improvement; 6. Describe lessons learned (LL). This report focuses on LL about CDS. Methods: Physician experts identified specific elements from each ASCO BC guideline to make machine readable (MR). Abstractors then GEM-cut the elements using the GEM Abstraction Manual and Style Guide. The output reports were reviewed for comprehensiveness, accuracy, and style. Following verification of the GEM-cut content, reports were sent for meta-tagging, done by selecting widely used EHR vocabulary from the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS). The GEM-cut output and meta-tags were converted to DROOLS syntax and the resulting coded files were inserted into the DROOLS rules engine. When the rules engine encounters a combination of facts that match a rule, that rule is presented to the user. The enduring responses are collected using ‘queries’ and the CDS results are delivered to the EHR. Results: Guidelines are often not written as “if”/“then” statements which is key for computer-based CDS. Any unintentional ambiguity must be removed for machine MR CDS. Using new methodologies, we have been able to convert narrative guidelines into MR CDS. Conclusions: Conversion of ASCO’s clinical guidelines into a MR format is possible. New and emerging methods such as GLIDES, BRIDGE-Wiz, and GEM-cutting provide excellent tools to migrate existing narrative recommendations into MR format that can populate CDS tools, such as those provided by CancerLinQ.
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Usman, Babar, Neng Zhao, Gul Nawaz, Baoxiang Qin, Fang Liu, Yaoguang Liu, and Rongbai Li. "CRISPR/Cas9 Guided Mutagenesis of Grain Size 3 Confers Increased Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Grain Length by Regulating Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitor and Ubiquitin-Related Proteins." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 6 (March 22, 2021): 3225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22063225.
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Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas9)-mediated genome editing has become an important way for molecular breeding in crop plants. To promote rice breeding, we edited the Grain Size 3 (GS3) gene for obtaining valuable and stable long-grain rice mutants. Furthermore, isobaric tags for the relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based proteomic method were applied to determine the proteome-wide changes in the GS3 mutants compared with wild type (WT). Two target sites were designed to construct the vector, and the Agrobacterium-mediated method was used for rice transformation. Specific mutations were successfully introduced, and the grain length (GL) and 1000-grain weight (GWT) of the mutants were increased by 31.39% and 27.15%, respectively, compared with WT. The iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis revealed that a total of 31 proteins were differentially expressed in the GS3 mutants, including 20 up-regulated and 11 down-regulated proteins. Results showed that differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were mainly related to cysteine synthase, cysteine proteinase inhibitor, vacuolar protein sorting-associated, ubiquitin, and DNA ligase. Furthermore, functional analysis revealed that DEPs were mostly enriched in cellular process, metabolic process, binding, transmembrane, structural, and catalytic activities. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that DEPs were mainly involved in lipid metabolism and oxylipin biosynthesis. The protein-to-protein interaction (PPI) network found that proteins related to DNA damage-binding, ubiquitin-40S ribosomal, and cysteine proteinase inhibitor showed a higher degree of interaction. The homozygous mutant lines featured by stable inheritance and long-grain phenotype were obtained using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. This study provides a convenient and effective way of improving grain yield, which could significantly accelerate the breeding process of long-grain japonica parents and promote the development of high-yielding rice.
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Rao, Dr E. V. Krishna, N. Alekhya, K. Rupa, M. Sai Sujith, and Sk Abdulla Aman Ahmed. "Intelligent Traffic Control System Using ARM7 Controller and Image Processing Techniques." Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias 11, no. 4 (July 22, 2021): 2726–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/revistageintec.v11i4.2314.
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The urban traffic congestion is being increased day by day due to large number of vehicles are used by dense people in cities. In the current model of the Traffic Control System, the time delay of each signal light is static which leads to lot of waiting time and was tage of fuel. To overcome this problem, intelligent traffic management system of controlling the traffic lights using the ARM 7 controller and camera sensor is proposed. The camera which is installed along the pavement captures the real time video of the road. The video is then processed indifferent stages to find the number of vehicles in that particular lane using Convex hull technique and accordingly the time delay of the traffic signals has been changed dynamically. Incase, if an emergency vehicle like ambulance is detected by RF434 in a particular lane then automatically this lane will be given the highest priority to clear the traffic. Another feature is if any vehicle violates the traffic line that can also be identified by the RFID reader and automatically and an alert message will be sent to registered mobile number through GSM module which is interfaced with LPC2148.
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Sharma, R. Rajesh. "Gas Leakage Detection in Pipeline by SVM classifier with Automatic Eddy Current based Defect Recognition Method." September 2021 3, no. 3 (October 18, 2021): 196–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jucct.2021.3.004.
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It's well-known that industrial safety is now a top concern. Nowadays, accidents caused by flammable gases occur frequently in our everyday lives. Gas cylinders, which are used for household purposes, wide range of businesses, and vehicles are often reported to be on the verge of exploding. Explosions have left a large number of individuals seriously wounded or could also be lethal in certain cases. This project's goal is to use a HOG features for SVM classifier which is used to identify pipeline gas leaks and keep tabs on them. In addition, the system utilises an image processing technique to identify pipeline fractures. Early detection and identification of pipeline flaws is a predominant aspect of this study. According to the suggested design, the robot capture the image down the pipe, looking for any signs of gas leakage by the Eddy Current method. This type of recognition has proved superior to other traditional methods. The methods with efficiency parameters and the results were compared and are tabulated in the results section. In the future, the data in the course of detection could be sent through GSM to a mobile application.
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Acosta, Jesus A., Amy L. Petry, Stacie A. Gould, Cassandra K. Jones, Charles R. Stark, Adam Fahrenholz, and John F. Patience. "Effects of grinding method and particle size of wheat grain on energy and nutrient digestibility in growing and finishing pigs." Translational Animal Science 4, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 682–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tas/txaa062.
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Abstract Feed grains are processed to improve their value in pig diets by exposing kernel contents to enzymatic and microbial action. The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of reducing mean particle size (PS) of wheat grain ground with two different grinding methods (GMs) on the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients and energy in growing and finishing pigs. Forty-eight barrows were housed in individual pens for 11 d for two periods. Pigs were randomly assigned to a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial experimental design: three target mean PS of wheat grain (300, 500, and 700 µm), two GMs (roller mill and hammermill), and two body weight (BW) periods (growing period; initial BW of 54.9 ± 0.6 kg and finishing period; initial BW of 110.7 ± 1.4 kg). Diets contained one of six hard red wheat grain samples, vitamins, minerals, and titanium dioxide as an indigestible marker. Feed allowance provided 2.5 (for the two lightest pigs in each treatment) or 2.7 (for the remaining six pigs in each treatment) times the estimated daily maintenance energy requirement for each growth stage. Fecal samples were collected for the last 3 d of each period. Data were analyzed as a linear mixed model with pig as a random effect and PS, GM, and BW period and their interactions as fixed effects utilizing the MIXED procedure of SAS. Growing pigs had greater (P < 0.05) ATTD of dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE), N, acid hydrolyzed ether extract (AEE), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) by lowering mean PS from 700 to 500 μm using either a roller mill or a hammermill. However, digestibility did not increase when PS was reduced from 500 to 300 μm, except for AEE (P < 0.05). Finishing pigs had greater ATTD of DM, GE, N, AEE, and NDF by lowering mean PS with a hammermill from 700 to 500 μm (P < 0.05), but it was greater for 500 μm than for 300 μm (P < 0.05). Using a roller mill reduced the ATTD of DM and NDF by lowering PS from 700 to 300 μm (P < 0.05). The ATTD of GE decreased by lowering PS from 700 to 500 μm with a roller mill (P < 0.05) for finishing pigs. The ATTD of N and AEE for finishing pigs were similar from 700 to 300 μm when ground by a roller mill. These data suggest that the PS that maximized digestibility for a hammermill is 500 μm for both growing and finishing pigs. However, for the roller mill, the PS resulting in the best digestibility were 500 and 700 μm for growing and finishing pigs, respectively.
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Lacroix, Gilles L. "Migratory strategies of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) postsmolts and implications for marine survival of endangered populations." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 70, no. 1 (January 2013): 32–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2012-0270.
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The migration of wild and hatchery Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) postsmolts of different origins was monitored using ultrasonic tags and arrays of acoustic receivers across the Bay of Fundy (BoF), Canada. Postsmolts from outer BoF populations migrated rapidly into the Gulf of Maine (GoM) and did not return, and most were classified as distant migrants (77%–100%). In contrast, postsmolts from inner BoF populations were usually classified as coastal migrants that returned to the BoF for the summer (30%–90%). They used well-defined migration corridors, close to shore, associated with prevailing surface currents. An Akaike information criterion (AIC) evaluation of migration models identified region and watershed, date of river exit, and migration speed as important predictive variables for coastal residency. A late or slow migration increased residency, as did delaying hatchery releases. The BoF provided returning postsmolts with a summer thermal refuge (8–14 °C) encircled by warm water (>20 °C), but extended residency in this coastal habitat increased exposure to sources of mortality absent further at sea. This reduced marine survival of inner BoF salmon to almost nothing. It is likely that the different migratory strategies of inner and outer BoF salmon populations influenced their relative marine survival and endangered status.
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Huang, Tina, Juan Wang, Ye Hou, Andrea Piunti, Elizabeth Bartom, Ali Shilatifard, Feng Yue, and Amanda Saratsis. "HGG-01. 3D GENOME STRUCTURE IMPACTS GENE EXPRESSION IN PEDIATRIC HIGH-GRADE GLIOMA." Neuro-Oncology 23, Supplement_1 (June 1, 2021): i17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab090.067.
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Abstract Introduction Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGGs), including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), are highly morbid brain tumors. Up to 80% of DIPGs harbor a somatic missense mutation in genes encoding Histone H3. To investigate whether the H3K27M mutant protein is associated with distinct chromatin structure affecting transcription regulation, we generated the first high-resolution Hi-C and ATAC-Seq maps of pHGG cell lines, and integrated these with tissue and cell genomic data. Methods We generated sequencing data from patient-derived cell lines (DIPG n=6, GBM n=3, normal n=2) and frozen tissue specimens (DIPG n=1, normal brainstem n=1). Analyses included cell line RNA-Seq, ChIP-Seq (H3K27ac, H3K27me3, H3K27M) and genome-wide chromatin conformation capture (Hi-C), as well as tissue ATAC-Seq. Publicly available pediatric glioma tissue ChIP-Seq data was integrated with cell data. Results We identified tumor-specific enhancers and regulatory networks for known oncogenes in DIPG and GBM. In DIPG, FOX, SOX, STAT and SMAD families were among top H3K27Ac enriched motifs. Significant differences in Topologically Associating Domains (TADs) and DNA looping were observed at OLIG2 and MYCN in H3K27M mutant DIPG, relative to wild-type GBM and normal cells. Pharmacologic treatment targeting H3K27Ac (BET and Bromodomain inhibition) altered these 3D structures. Functional analysis of differentially enriched enhancers in DIPG implicated SOX2, SUZ12, and TRIM24 as top activated upstream regulators. Distinct genomic structural variations leading to enhancer hijacking and gene co-amplification were identified at A2M, JAG2, and FLRT1. Conclusion We show genome structural variations enhancer-promoter interactions that impact gene expression in pHGG in the presence and absence of the H3K27M mutation. Our results imply that tridimensional genome alterations may play a critical role in the pHGG epigenetic landscape and thereby contribute to pediatric gliomagenesis. Further studies examining the impact of the alterations, including CRISPR knock-down of target enhancer regions, is therefore underway.
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Huang, Tina, Juan Wang, Ye Hu, Andrea Piunti, Elizabeth Bartom, Ali Shilatifard, Feng Yue, and Amanda Saratsis. "EPCO-20. PEDIATRIC HIGH-GRADE GLIOMA EXHIBITS DISTINCT 3D GENOME STRUCTURE THAT IMPACTS TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION." Neuro-Oncology 23, Supplement_6 (November 2, 2021): vi6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab196.019.
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Abstract INTRODUCTION Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGGs), including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), are highly morbid brain tumors. Up to 80% of DIPGs harbor a somatic missense mutation in genes encoding Histone H3. To investigate whether the H3K27M mutant protein is associated with distinct chromatin structure affecting transcription regulation, we generated the first high-resolution Hi-C and ATAC-Seq maps of pHGG cell lines, and integrated these with tissue and cell genomic data. METHODS We generated sequencing data from patient-derived cell lines (DIPG n=6, GBM n=3, normal n=2) and frozen tissue specimens (DIPG n=1, normal brainstem n=1). Analyses included cell line RNA-Seq, ChIP-Seq (H3K27ac, H3K27me3, H3K27M) and genome-wide chromatin conformation capture (Hi-C), as well as tissue ATAC-Seq. Publicly available pediatric glioma tissue ChIP-Seq data was integrated with cell data. CRISPR knock-down of target enhancer regions was performed. RESULTS We identified tumor-specific enhancers and regulatory networks for known oncogenes in DIPG and GBM. In DIPG, FOX, SOX, STAT and SMAD families were among top H3K27Ac enriched motifs. Significant differences in Topologically Associating Domains (TADs) and DNA looping were observed at OLIG2 and MYCN in H3K27M mutant DIPG, relative to wild-type GBM and normal cells. Pharmacologic treatment targeting H3K27Ac (BET and Bromodomain inhibition) altered these 3D structures. Functional analysis of differentially enriched enhancers in DIPG implicated SOX2, SUZ12, and TRIM24 as top activated upstream regulators. Distinct genomic structural variations leading to enhancer hijacking and gene co-amplification were identified at A2M, JAG2, and FLRT1. CONCLUSION We show genome structural variations enhancer-promoter interactions that impact gene expression in pHGG in the presence and absence of the H3K27M mutation. Our results imply that tridimensional genome alterations may play a critical role in the pHGG epigenetic landscape and thereby contribute to pediatric gliomagenesis. Further studies examining the impact of the alterations is therefore underway.
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Huang, Tina, Juan Wang, Ye Hu, Andrea Piunti, Elizabeth Bartom, Ali Shilatifard, Feng Yue, and Amanda Saratsis. "HGG-02. Epigenetic transcription regulation and 3D genome structure in pediatric high-grade glioma." Neuro-Oncology 24, Supplement_1 (June 1, 2022): i59—i60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac079.218.
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Abstract INTRODUCTION: Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGGs), including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), are highly morbid brain tumors. Up to 80% of DIPGs harbor a somatic missense mutation in genes encoding Histone H3. To investigate whether the H3K27M mutant protein is associated with distinct chromatin structure affecting transcription regulation, we generated the first high-resolution Hi-C and ATAC-Seq maps of pHGG cell lines, and integrated these with tissue and cell genomic data. METHODS: We generated sequencing data from patient-derived cell lines (DIPG n=6, GBM n=3, normal n=2) and frozen tissue specimens (DIPG n=1, normal brainstem n=1). Analyses included cell line RNA-Seq, ChIP-Seq (H3K27ac, H3K27me3, H3K27M) and genome-wide chromatin conformation capture (Hi-C), as well as tissue ATAC-Seq. Publicly available pediatric glioma tissue ChIP-Seq data was integrated with cell data. CRISPR knock-down of target enhancer regions was performed. RESULTS: We identified tumor-specific enhancers and regulatory networks for known oncogenes in DIPG and GBM. In DIPG, FOX, SOX, STAT and SMAD families were among top H3K27Ac enriched motifs. Significant differences in Topologically Associating Domains (TADs) and DNA looping were observed at OLIG2 and MYCN in H3K27M mutant DIPG, relative to wild-type GBM and normal cells. Pharmacologic treatment targeting H3K27Ac (BET and Bromodomain inhibition) altered these 3D structures. Functional analysis of differentially enriched enhancers in DIPG implicated SOX2, SUZ12, and TRIM24 as top activated upstream regulators. Distinct genomic structural variations leading to enhancer hijacking and gene co-amplification were identified at A2M, JAG2, and FLRT1. CONCLUSION: We show genome structural variations enhancer-promoter interactions that impact gene expression in pHGG in the presence and absence of the H3K27M mutation. Our results imply that tridimensional genome alterations may play a critical role in the pHGG epigenetic landscape and thereby contribute to pediatric gliomagenesis. Further studies examining the impact of the alterations are therefore underway.
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Halligan, Katharine, Ann-Catherine Stanton, Matthew Halbert, Brian Golbourn, Stephen Mack, Ian Pollack, and Sameer Agnihotri. "TMOD-18. TARGETING THE PI3K/AKT PATHWAY IN MYCN AMPLIFIED HIGH GRADE GLIOMAS." Neuro-Oncology 22, Supplement_2 (November 2020): ii231—ii232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa215.969.
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Abstract Pediatric glioblastoma (pGBM) are incurable brain tumors with overall poor prognosis and response to treatments due to molecular and epigenetic heterogeneity. In particular, the MYCN subtype of pGBM are a highly aggressive form of GBM with a dismal median survival of only 14 months. Furthermore, this subtype is enriched with loss of the tumor suppressor genes TP53 and PTEN, leading to aberrantly active PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and DNA-checkpoint abnormalities. Here, we report the generation of a novel syngeneic mouse model that recapitulates the features of the MYCN subtype of pGBM. We isolated Sox2-Cre neural stem cells from C57BL/6 mice and transduced inverted retroviral-cassettes of the murine Mycn oncogene simultaneously with shRNA targeting tumor suppressor genes p53 and Pten. Retroviral-cassettes are flanked by tandem LoxP sites arranged so that Cre recombinase expression inverts the cassettes in frame allowing for MYCN protein expression and loss of the P53/PTEN proteins. Transgene activation is accompanied with selectable cell surface markers and fluorescent tags enabling for fluorescent activated cell sorting (FACS) of the desired cell populations. Neural stem cells with MYCN protein expression and concurrent silencing of P53 and PTEN protein (NPP cells) result in significantly increased proliferation and activation of PI3K-AKT pathway as compared to control neural stem cells and have. Injection of NPP cells into the forebrain of immune competent C57BL/6 mice result in the formation of invasive high-grade gliomas with a lethal phenotype at ~50 days post injection. Using several next generation brain penetrant small molecule inhibitors of the PI3K-AKT pathway, we show inhibition of tumorigenesis in vitro. Moreover, we have identified several novel mechanisms of PI3KAKT treatment resistance and are currently identifying therapies that may overcome this resistance through RNA seq analysis. In summary, well defined genetic drivers of GBM can lead to informed mouse model generation to test promising therapies.
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Allen, Elizabeth, Arnaud Jabouille, Lee B. Rivera, Inge Lodewijckx, Rindert Missiaen, Veronica Steri, Kevin Feyen, et al. "Combined antiangiogenic and anti–PD-L1 therapy stimulates tumor immunity through HEV formation." Science Translational Medicine 9, no. 385 (April 12, 2017): eaak9679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aak9679.
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Inhibitors of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)/VEGFR2 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2) are commonly used in the clinic, but their beneficial effects are only observed in a subset of patients and limited by induction of diverse relapse mechanisms. We describe the up-regulation of an adaptive immunosuppressive pathway during antiangiogenic therapy, by which PD-L1 (programmed cell death ligand 1), the ligand of the negative immune checkpoint regulator PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1), is enhanced by interferon-γ–expressing T cells in distinct intratumoral cell types in refractory pancreatic, breast, and brain tumor mouse models. Successful treatment with a combination of anti-VEGFR2 and anti–PD-L1 antibodies induced high endothelial venules (HEVs) in PyMT (polyoma middle T oncoprotein) breast cancer and RT2-PNET (Rip1-Tag2 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors), but not in glioblastoma (GBM). These HEVs promoted lymphocyte infiltration and activity through activation of lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR) signaling. Further activation of LTβR signaling in tumor vessels using an agonistic antibody enhanced HEV formation, immunity, and subsequent apoptosis and necrosis in pancreatic and mammary tumors. Finally, LTβR agonists induced HEVs in recalcitrant GBM, enhanced cytotoxic T cell (CTL) activity, and thereby sensitized tumors to antiangiogenic/anti–PD-L1 therapy. Together, our preclinical studies provide evidence that anti–PD-L1 therapy can sensitize tumors to antiangiogenic therapy and prolong its efficacy, and conversely, antiangiogenic therapy can improve anti–PD-L1 treatment specifically when it generates intratumoral HEVs that facilitate enhanced CTL infiltration, activity, and tumor cell destruction.
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Oliveira, Ana, Tereza Pilar-Fonseca, Graça Cabeçadas, and Marcos Mateus. "Local Variability of CO2 Partial Pressure in a Mid-Latitude Mesotidal Estuarine System (Tagus Estuary, Portugal)." Geosciences 8, no. 12 (December 5, 2018): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8120460.
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Estuaries play a crucial role in regional carbon cycling. Until now, accurate estimations of the impact of environmental variables on estuarine air–water CO2 fluxes have been mostly characterized by a low spatial-temporal sampling resolution. This study reports on the variations of CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) and related environmental parameters, at both tidal and seasonal temporal scales, in the surface seawater of a station located in the lower section of the Tagus estuary, Portugal. The study was carried out from February to December 2007. Air–water CO2 fluxes suggest that the lower estuary acted as a relatively weak source of CO2 to the atmosphere, with an average rate of 7.2 mol∙m−2∙year−1, with highest fluxes occurring in winter. Over a tidal cycle, pCO2 was mainly influenced by tidal-induced mixing. Results suggest an influence of upper and central estuary inputs with higher pCO2 values. pCO2 varied seasonally, with values decreasing from ~890 µatm in winter to ~400 µatm in summer and increasing again to ~990 µatm in autumn. The generalized linear model (GLM) applied to the data set explained 69.3% of the pCO2 variability, pointing to the thermodynamic effect of temperature and biological activity as the most relevant processes in CO2 dynamics. Tidal variation of pCO2 corresponded to ~35% of its seasonal variability, denoting the importance of tide conditions on the dynamics of inorganic carbon. Results showed distinct patterns in the dynamics of CO2 at the tidal scale. This outcome suggests that disregarding tidal variability in the use of seasonal data sets may lead to significant errors in annual carbon budget estimations.
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Jiang, Ying, Guanghai Shi, Liguo Xu, and Xinling Li. "Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Nephrite Jade from Yinggelike Deposit, Altyn Tagh (Xinjiang, NW China)." Minerals 10, no. 5 (May 8, 2020): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10050418.
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The historic Yinggelike nephrite jade deposit in the Altyn Tagh Mountains (Xinjiang, NW China) is renowned for its gem-quality nephrite with its characteristic light-yellow to greenish-yellow hue. Despite the extraordinary gemological quality and commercial significance of the Yinggelike nephrite, little work has been done on this nephrite deposit, due to its geographic remoteness and inaccessibility. This contribution presents the first systematic mineralogical and geochemical studies on the Yinggelike nephrite deposit. Electron probe microanalysis, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and isotope ratio mass spectrometry were used to measure the mineralogy, bulk-rock chemistry and stable (O and H) isotopes characteristics of samples from Yinggelike. Field investigation shows that the Yinggelike nephrite orebody occurs in the dolomitic marble near the intruding granitoids. Petrographic studies and EMPA data indicate that the nephrite is mainly composed of fine-grained tremolite, with accessory pargasite, diopside, epidote, allanite, prehnite, andesine, titanite, zircon, and calcite. Geochemical studies show that all nephrite samples have low bulk-rock Fe/(Fe + Mg) values (0.02–0.05), as well as low Cr (0.81–34.68 ppm), Co (1.10–2.91 ppm), and Ni (0.52–20.15 ppm) contents. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of most samples exhibit strong to moderate negative Eu anomalies (0.04–0.67), moderate LREE enrichments, nearly flat HREE patterns, and low ΣREE contents (2.16–11.25 ppm). The nephrite samples have δ18O and δD values of 5.3 to 7.4‰ and –74.9 to –86.7‰, respectively. The mineralogy, bulk-rock chemistry, and O–H isotope characteristics are consistent with the dolomite-related nephrite classification. Based on mineral paragenetic relationships, three possible mineral crystallization stages are recognized: (1) diopside formed by prograde metasomatism; (2) nephrite jade formed by retrograde metasomatism and replacement of Stage I anhydrous minerals; (3) hydrothermal alteration after the nephrite formation. Features of transition metal contents indicate that the color of the Yinggelike nephrite is likely to be controlled by the Fe2+, Fe3+, and Mn. Yellowish color is related to Mn and especially Fe3+, while greenish color is related to Fe2+. Our new mineralogical and geochemical results on the Yinggelike nephrite provide better constraints on the formation of other nephrite deposits in the Altyn Tagh Mountains, and can facilitate future nephrite prospecting and research in the region.
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Matthew, E., L. Kutcher, and J. Dedman. "Protection of lungs from hyperoxic injury: gene expression analysis of cyclosporin A therapy." Physiological Genomics 14, no. 2 (July 7, 2003): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00130.2002.
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We have previously shown that cyclosporin A (CsA), an inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2B (calcineurin), attenuates hyperoxia-induced reductions in murine lung compliance. CsA protected against hyperoxia-induced changes in neutrophil infiltration, capillary congestion, edema, and hyaline membrane formation. Gene expression studies were conducted to identify the gene expression patterns underlying the protective effects of CsA during hyperoxic lung injury. After 72 h of simultaneous treatment with >95% oxygen and CsA (50 mg·kg−1·day−1), RNA was isolated from murine lungs. RNA from treated and untreated lungs was reverse transcribed to cDNA, competitively hybridized, and used to probe 8,734 complimentary DNAs on the Incyte mouse GEM 1 array. Several known genes and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) showed increased (GenBank accession numbers: AA125385, AA241295, W87197, syntaxin, and cyclin G) or decreased [AA036517, AA267567, AA217009, W82577, uteroglobin, stromal cell-derived factor 1, and surfactant protein C (SP-C)] expression after hyperoxia. Hyperoxia-stimulated reductions in SP-C gene expression were confirmed through Northern blot analysis. The increase in gene expression of one expressed sequence tag (AA125385) with hyperoxia was reversed by CsA treatment. Sequence data demonstrated that this EST has high homology to murine cyclin B1. Western blot analysis did not demonstrate any changes in distal lung cyclin B1 expression after hyperoxia. Protein expression of cyclin B1 in the distal lung was observed in the endothelial cells, bronchiolar epithelial cells, and both the type I and type II alveolar epithelial cells. Further analysis of cyclin B1 may elucidate the protective actions of CsA in hyperoxic injury.
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Wolford, Ashley N., Josie A. Coverdale, Jessica L. Leatherwood, William E. Pinchak, Robin C. Anderson, and Tryon A. Wickersham. "Influence of housing type on the cecal environment of horses." Translational Animal Science 3, no. 2 (March 1, 2019): 877–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tas/txz030.
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Abstract Eight previously cecally cannulated Quarter Horse geldings were utilized in a crossover design with two 28-d periods with a 21-d washout period between to evaluate the influence of housing on the cecal environment and dry matter intake (DMI). Horses were adapted to diet and housing from day 1 to 19, DMI was determined from day 20 to 24, and cecal fluid was collected on day 28. Horses were paired by age and body weight (BW) and randomly assigned to treatment. Treatments consisted of housing horses individually in stalls or group housed in a pen. Regardless of treatment, all horses were individually fed a pelleted concentrate at 1% BW (as fed) offered twice daily 12 h apart. All horses had ad libitum access to coastal bermudagrass hay (Cynodon dactylon). Hay was offered to stalled horses initially at 2% BW (as fed) and then adjusted based on 120% of a previous 3-d average of voluntary intake. A dual marker system was used to estimate forage consumption in all horses, using titanium dioxide (TiO2) as the external marker and acid detergent insoluble ash (ADIA) as the internal marker. TiO2 was offered at 10 g/d for 10 d with fecal samples collected on the final 4 d at 12-h intervals advancing by 3 h each day to account for diurnal variation. Cecal samples were collected on day 28, 4 h after the morning meal and immediately analyzed for pH, total anaerobic and lactic acid bacteria populations, methane and ammonia concentrations, as well as volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations. Data were analyzed using the PROC GLM procedure of SAS with the model containing effects for horse, period, and treatment. Cecal pH was affected by housing (P = 0.02) with group-housed horses having lower cecal pH values compared with stalled horses (6.52 vs. 6.69, respectively). There was no influence of housing on populations of total anaerobic or lactic acid bacteria. Furthermore, housing did not influence cecal concentrations of VFA or methane and ammonia concentrations. Estimates of voluntary forage DMI were greater for group-housed horses (P = 0.04) than stalled (8.47 and 5.17 ± 0.89 kg DM/d, respectively). In conclusion, confinement housing did not, with the exception of pH, alter cecal environment of a horse when similar diets were offered but did affect forage consumption.