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Journal articles on the topic 'GSM band'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 12 April 2025

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1

Rao, Hanumantha, Ambika A, Nagaratna V, Ramya Sri C, and Varshini B S. "Safety Band for Girl’s." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 4 (April 30, 2023): 4230–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.51256.

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Abstract: Women’s safety plays a very vital role now a days due to rising crimes against women. To help resolve this issue we propose a GPS based women’s safety system that has dual security feature. The proposed system consists of a dual alert that is buzzer and message is sent through GSM. This system can be turned on by a woman in case she even thinks she would be in trouble. This Project presents a women safety detection system using GPS and GSM modems. The system can be interconnected with the alarm system and alert the neighbors. This detection and messaging system is composed of a GPS receiver, GPS Receiver gets the location information from satellites in the form of latitude and longitude. The user receives the information from GSM which receives the processed information from the Microcontroller. A GSM modem is interfaced to the MCU. The GSM modem sends an SMS to the predefined mobile number. When a woman is in danger and in need of self-defense then she can press the switch, which is allotted to her. By pressing the switch, the entire system will be activated then immediately a SMS will be sent to concern person with location using GSM and GPS.

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2

Ahriz, Iness, Yacine Oussar, Bruce Denby, and Gérard Dreyfus. "Full-Band GSM Fingerprints for Indoor Localization Using a Machine Learning Approach." International Journal of Navigation and Observation 2010 (June 24, 2010): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/497829.

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Indoor handset localization in an urban apartment setting is studied using GSM trace mobile measurements. Nearest-neighbor, Support Vector Machine, Multilayer Perceptron, and Gaussian Process classifiers are compared. The linear Support Vector Machine provides mean room classification accuracy of almost 98% when all GSM carriers are used. To our knowledge, ours is the first study to use fingerprints containing all GSM carriers, as well as the first to suggest that GSM can be useful for localization of very high performance.

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3

Hong, Youngtaek, Jinpil Tak, Jisoo Baek, Bongsik Myeong, and Jaehoon Choi. "Design of a Multiband Antenna for LTE/GSM/UMTS Band Operation." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/548160.

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This paper proposes a multiband antenna for LTE/GSM/UMTS band operation. The proposed antenna consists of a meandered planar inverted-F antenna with an additional branch line for wide bandwidth and a folded-loop antenna. The antenna provides a wide bandwidth to cover the hepta-band LTE/GSM/UMTS operation. The measured 6 dB return loss bandwidth is 169 MHz (793–962 MHz) at the low-frequency band and 1030 MHz (1700–2730 MHz) at the high-frequency band. The overall dimension of the proposed antenna is 55 mm × 110 mm × 5 mm.

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4

YALDUZ, Hüsnü, and Hüseyin ÇİZMECİ. "DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF MULTI-BAND COMPACT MICROSTRIP ANTENNA IN GSM1900/WLAN/WiMAX/DSRC/X-BAND FREQUENCY BANDS FOR VEHICLE APPLICATIONS." Journal of Scientific Reports-A, no. 052 (March 29, 2023): 407–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.59313/jsr-a.1201301.

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This study focuses the design and analysis of a compact, multi-band microstrip patch antenna for wireless communications operations. The design antenna exhibits distinct quad resonance frequency bands I from 1.879 GHz to 1.986 GHz, II from 3.1 GHz to 3.87 GHz, and III from 4.97 GHz to 6.515 GHz, IV from 7.26 GHz to 8.6 GHz, which covers GSM 1.900 GHz, WLAN (5.2/5.8 GHz), DSRC 5.9 GHz and WiMAX (3.5/5.5 GHz) bands. In addition, it can also support the X-band from 7.26 to 8.6 GHz. The antenna is designed on an inexpensive substrate of FR4 with dimensions of 36(L) × 25(W) mm2 and consists of two branches of curved strips for a quad-band response. The antenna is designed and analyzed using electromagnetic 3D computer simulation software. The designed antenna can provide advantages in GSM/WLAN/WiMAX/DSRC/X-band satellite applications for vehicle communication with four resonant frequency bands, nearly omnidirectional radiation characteristics, and acceptable gain.

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5

Riyantika, Regina, and Dadang Gunawan. "Feasibility Analysis of GSM-R System for Railways in Indonesia: Case Study of Jakarta Bandung High Speed Train." Journal Research of Social Science, Economics, and Management 3, no. 1 (August 25, 2023): 304–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.59141/jrssem.v3i1.544.

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High-speed railway technology development necessitates the development of a communication system that supports various components of train operation facilities, such as train control, safety communication, and others. The construction of fhigh-speed railway in Indonesia in the Jakarta-Bandung area uses the Chinese Train Control System (CTCS) Level 3 signaling system, which makes the Global System for Mobile Communication-Railway (GSM-R) a wireless signaling network system. Because there are already existing GSM-based public telecommunications services, known as public GSM, on the same frequency used by a number of cellular operators in Indonesia, the use of GSM-R poses implementation challenges. This will result in reduced service quality and revenue for protected cellular network operators due to the use of these frequency bands to support the operation of high-speed railway services in Indonesia. In this study, an evaluation was carried out to look for other potentials from using the GSM 900 MHz frequency band, which can be used as an option to be implemented on high-speed trains in Indonesia. The research begins with calculating the estimated potential loss of revenue from using telecommunications network operators. This data will be analyzed in terms of the economic feasibility of several other frequency band choices for implementing the GSM 900 MHz frequency band on high-speed trains in Indonesia, so that it is hoped that this will become a new consideration that can become a solution and recommendation in the application and use of GSM-R technology in Indonesia.

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6

Danladi, A., NW Silika, and PG Vasira. "RECEIVE SIGNAL STRENGTH PREDICTION IN THE GSM BAND USING WAVELET DECOMPOSITION." Nigerian Journal of Technology 36, no. 1 (December 29, 2016): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v36i1.22.

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In this work, GSM receive signal strength was monitored in an indoor environment. Samples of GSM receive signal strength was measured on a Mobile Equipment (ME). One-dimensional multilevel wavelet decomposition technique was used to predict the fading phenomenon of the GSM receive signal strength measured. Wavelet prediction revealed that the GSM receive signal strength is attenuated due to the slow fading phenomenon, which fades about 3 times faster than the radio wavelength. The prediction is further validated using probability density functions in terms of Gaussian and Rayleigh distributions. It is observed that, significant part of the signal strength measured is dominated by good signal (- 101 dBm to – 74 dBm) with an average of – 88.8842 dBm and the signal strength followed more of Gaussian than Rayleigh distribution. This confirmed the wavelet prediction. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v36i1.22

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7

Li, Simon C., I. Tseng Tang, Yu Lieh Shih, Hsu Yang Cheng, and Wen Fan Chang. "A Compact Planar Inverted-F Antenna for Octa-Band Operations of Smart Handsets." Applied Mechanics and Materials 479-480 (December 2013): 436–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.479-480.436.

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This paper applies planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) to design a smart handset antenna in accordance with octa-band operations, as GSM 850 (824-894 MHz), GSM 900 (880-960 MHz), GSM 1800/1900, DCS 1800 (1710-1880 MHz), PCS 1900 (1850-1990 MHz), UMTS (1920-2170 MHz), IEEE 802.11b WLAN (2400-2484 MHz) and LTE (700 MHz/2300 MHz/2600 MHz) band operations for S11-6 dB. The entire antenna is 75 × 22 × 5.8 mm3with one-quarter wavelength design of hub. With the inter-coupling between dual branch circuit radiation and multiple branch circuit radiation, the wideband for GSM 1800/1900, DCS, PCS, UMTS, IEEE 802.11b WLAN and LTE 700/2300/2600 is generated. When integrating with mobiles, the designed ground plane area is also taken into consideration. In this case, the ground plane area can be increased in accordance to the system motherboard.

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8

Rajauria, Vaishali. "Cone Shaped Multiband Antenna for Wireless Applications." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 20, 2021): 1752–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35363.

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In this paper multi-band microstrip-fed monopole antenna is proposed to apply Satellite communication, GSM 860 & GSM 1800. A cone-shaped defected patch antenna with the reduced ground plane is proposed to build a multi-band antenna. Because of the defective patch, the antenna resonating in triple bands 860MHz, 1.8GHz &2. 1GHz.The size of the antenna is 72*1.6*100 mm3. The antenna simulation is done on CST software using FR-4 substrate.

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9

Lai, Wai-Ru, Yi-Bing Lin, and Herman Chung-Hwa Rao. "Analysis and modeling of dual-band GSM networks." Journal of Communications and Networks 1, no. 3 (September 1999): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jcn.1999.6596946.

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10

Sowlati, T., D. Rozenblit, R. Pullela, M. Damgaard, E. McCarthy, Dongsoo Koh, D. Ripley, F. Balteanu, and I. Gheorghe. "Quad-band GSM/GPRS/EDGE polar loop transmitter." IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 39, no. 12 (December 2004): 2179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2004.836335.

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11

Kim, Woonyun, Ki Seok Yang, Jeonghu Han, Jae Joon Chang, and Chang-Ho Lee. "An EDGE/GSM Quad-Band CMOS Power Amplifier." IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 49, no. 10 (October 2014): 2141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2014.2338873.

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12

Bag, Biplab, Priyabrata Biswas, Srija De, Sushanta Biswas, and Partha Pratim Sarkar. "A Wide Multi-band Monopole Antenna for GSM/WiMAX/WLAN/X-Band/Ku-Band Applications." Wireless Personal Communications 111, no. 1 (October 17, 2019): 411–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-019-06866-1.

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13

Huang, Xiao Wu, Gui Tang Wang, Wen Juan Liu, and Feng Wang. "Research on a Real-Time Fault Tolerant Time Synchronization Algorithm for GSM-R Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Network Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 63-64 (June 2011): 905–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.63-64.905.

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Time synchronization is a key technology in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, aim at high-speed railway GSM-R network require higher real time, fault tolerance and band coverage way, presents a real-time fault-tolerant wireless sensor network time synchronization algorithm, using direct forwarding strategy, regression analysis and abnormal data filtering methods to meet the requirements of GSM-R network. Analysis and simulation show that the algorithm has good real-time and fault tolerance to meet the requirements of GSM-R network applications.

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14

Kumar, Sanjeev, Ravi Kumar, and Rajesh Kumar Vishwakarma. "A Circular Disc Microstrip Antenna with Dual Notch Band for GSM/Bluetooth and Extended UWB Applications." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.16 (April 12, 2018): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.16.11408.

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A microstrip antenna with a circular disc design and modified ground is proposed in this paper. Circular shapes of different size have been slotted out from the radiating patch for achieving extended ultra wideband (UWB) with GSM/Bluetooth bands with maximum bandwidth of 17.7 GHz (0.88-18.6 GHz). Further, characteristic of dual notch band is achieved, when a combination of T and L-shaped slots are etched into the circular disc and ground plane respectively. Change in length of slots is controlling the notch band characteristics. The proposed antenna has rejection bandwidth of 1.3-2.2 GHz (LTE band), 3.2-3.9 GHz (WiMAX band) and 5.2-6.1 GHz (WLAN band) respectively. It covers the frequency range of 0.88-18.5 GHz with the VSWR of less than 2. Also, an equivalent parallel resonant circuit has been demonstrated for band notched frequencies of the designed antenna. The gain achieved by the proposed antenna is 6.27 dBi. This antenna has been designed, investigated and fabricated for GSM, Bluetooth, UWB, X and Ku band applications. The stable gain including H & E-plane radiation pattern with good directivity and omnidirectional behavior is achieved by the proposed antenna. Measured bandwidths are 0.5 GHz, 0.8 GHz, 1.1 GHz and 11.7 GHz respectively.

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15

Bui, Cong, Thanh Dang, Minh Doan, and Truong Nguyen. "A Frequency and Polarization Reconfigurable Dual-Patch Microstrip A Frequency and Polarization Reconfigurable Dual-Patch Microstrip." Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society 36, no. 2 (March 16, 2021): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.47037/2020.aces.j.360206.

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This paper proposes a reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna design for wireless ISM band applications. The antenna simultaneously uses PIN Diodes to switch between linear and circular polarization at 2.45 GHz and uses Varactor Diode to continuously tune the operating frequency from 1.73 GHz to 2.45 GHz. The antenna performance is characterized as a combination of ON/OFF state of PIN Diode and a bias voltage of Varactor Diode varying from 0.8V to 10V. A good agreement between simulation and measurement is obtained which validates the proposed method. The proposed frequency/polarization reconfigurable antenna is promising for various applications in wireless ISM band such as DCS (1710 – 1880 MHz), PCS (1850 – 1990 MHz), GSM 1800, GSM 1900, UMTS (1920 – 2170 MHz) and WiFi/Bluetooth (2.4 – 2.5 GHz).

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16

Afifah Borhan, Nor, and Noor Asniza Murad. "A Compact CPW-Fed Curved Meander Line Monopole Antenna (MLMA) for GSM Application." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 6, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v6.i1.pp207-211.

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<p>Monopole antenna is widely used in many communication systems especially in broadcasting where omnidirectional pattern allow the 360-degree coverage. However, at low frequency the conventional design may require miniaturization to fit in versatile spaces. Thus, this paper discusses a low cost, compact CPW-fed curved meander line monopole antenna (MLMA) designed to operate at 0.9 GHz GSM band. The overall dimension is 25mm x 80mm. The antenna is well matched at required GSM band with the bandwidth from 0.88 GHz to 0.93 GHz. Comparison between the conventional MLMA and curved (MLMA) is made in term of return loss and gain. It was found that the curved MLMA has a better gain compared to the conventional MLMA which is 1.472 dB.</p>

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17

Jaisawal, Rajeewa Kumar, Arvind Kumar Pandey, and R. K. Chauhan. "A Multi-Band Trident Shape Microstrip Patch Antenna for GSM and Wide Band Application." i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems 4, no. 3 (July 15, 2015): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jcs.4.3.3451.

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18

Srivastava, Kunal, Ashwani Kumar, Binod K. Kanaujia, Santanu Dwari, and Sachin Kumar. "A CPW-fed UWB MIMO antenna with integrated GSM band and dual band notches." International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering 29, no. 1 (October 10, 2018): e21433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmce.21433.

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19

Assogba, Ognadon, Abdoul Karim Mbodji, Arnaud Bréard, Abdou Karim Diallo, and Yvan Duroc. "Tri-Band Rectenna Dedicated to UHF RFID, GSM-1800 and UMTS-2100 Frequency Bands." Sensors 22, no. 9 (May 7, 2022): 3565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093565.

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The omnipresence of connected objects leads to the quasi-permanent presence of electromagnetic waves from different sources in our environment. This article presents a new electromagnetic energy harvesting device, rectenna type, which offers the advantage of being versatile. Indeed, the proposed prototype is compatible with three frequency bands of radio standards widely deployed today (UHF RFID, GSM-1800, and UMTS-2100), and its performances remain good for low to very low ambient power levels as well as for different loads depending on the targeted application. The proposed solution is based on a tri-band antenna with very good efficiency and a bandwidth of at least 80 MHz for each of the operating frequencies. Moreover, the associated rectifier circuit is also tri-band and offers good performance in terms of RF-to-DC conversion efficiency for input levels varying in a rather wide range of power levels. The study is based on a design phase by simulation until the realization of prototypes and their experimental characterization. The designed rectenna is compared with solutions found in the literature.

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20

Shinde, Harshvardhan, Bhumika Potekar, Yogita Lohar, and Rajnikant Palwe. "EmergAlert: (SOS) Safety Band." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 13, no. 3 (March 31, 2025): 3243–46. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.67941.

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Abstract: This paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of the EmergAlert band, a wearable emergency response system integrating location tracking and communication capabilities. The system addresses critical personal safety concerns by providing immediate assistance through a minimalist two-button interface. Powered by an ESP32C3 microcontroller and an A9G GSM/GPRS/GPS module, the EmergAlert band enables location tracking, SMS communication, and voice calling. Power optimization allows 72+ hours of operation, with a 92% reduction in power consumption during sleep mode. Testing confirmed high reliability with a 97.2% SMS delivery success rate and a 97.8% call connection rate in moderate signal conditions. Future enhancements in hardware miniaturization and algorithm optimization will improve efficiency while maintaining system reliability

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21

See Taur Lee, Sher Jiun Fang, D. J. Allstot, A. Bellaouar, A. R. Fridi, and P. A. Fontaine. "A quad-band GSM-GPRS transmitter with digital auto-calibration." IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 39, no. 12 (December 2004): 2200–2214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2004.836342.

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22

Bakalski, Winfried, Bernhard Sogl, Markus Zannoth, Michael Asam, Boris Kapfelsperger, JÖrg Berkner, Bernd Eisener, et al. "A Quad-Band GSM/EDGE-Compliant SiGe-Bipolar Power Amplifier." IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 43, no. 9 (September 2008): 1920–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2008.2002337.

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23

Aoki, Ichiro, Scott Kee, Rahul Magoon, Roberto Aparicio, Florian Bohn, Jeff Zachan, Geoff Hatcher, Donald McClymont, and Ali Hajimiri. "A Fully-Integrated Quad-Band GSM/GPRS CMOS Power Amplifier." IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 43, no. 12 (December 2008): 2747–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2008.2004870.

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24

Ribeiro, Andreia, Nuno Medeiros, and Nuno Cota. "Comparison of GSM, WCDMA and LTE Performance on 900MHz Band." Procedia Technology 17 (2014): 674–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2014.10.208.

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25

. "987 Interface Voor Omgevingsbesturing En Dual Band Gsm Op Rolstoel." Zorg en Financiering 5, no. 7 (July 2007): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03092811.

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26

Serrano-Vaello, Á, and D. Sánchez-Hernández. "Printed antennas for dual-band GSM/DCS 1800 mobile handsets." Electronics Letters 34, no. 2 (1998): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19980215.

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27

Wong, Kin-Lu, Saou-Wen Su, Tzung-Wern Chiou, and Yeh-Chian Lin. "Dual-band plastic chip antenna for GSM/DCS mobile phones." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 33, no. 5 (April 24, 2002): 330–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.10312.

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28

Agrawal, Sachin, Manoj Singh Parihar, and Pravin N. Kondekar. "A dual-band rectenna using broadband DRA loaded with slot." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 10, no. 1 (December 13, 2017): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078717001234.

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This paper presents a broadband hybrid slot-dielectric resonator antenna for radiofrequency (RF) energy-harvesting application. The antenna geometry consists of a simple pentagon-shaped dielectric resonator antenna (PDRA) excited by a microstrip feed underlying rectangular slot with narrow notch. It is investigated that the bandwidth of the proposed PDRA is improved significantly owing to electromagnetic coupling between feeding slot and the dielectric resonator. The measured results demonstrate that the proposed PDRA achieves an impedance bandwidth of 110.8%, covering the frequency range from 0.86 to 3 GHz in addition of stable radiation pattern with peak gain of 6.8 dBi and more than 90% radiation efficiency throughout the band, showing its suitability for RF energy harvesting application. For this to be feasible, the developed antenna is matched with the rectifier at two public telecommunication bands of GSM-900 and GSM-1800 using a compact dual-band hybrid matching network. The measured result demonstrates that the proposed dual-band rectenna system provides the peak efficiency of 63 and 59% for a load impedance of 4.7 kΩ at 0.9 and 1.8 GHz, respectively.

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29

Parimal, Tiwari, and K. K. Verma. "A compact plus shaped with L-shaped slotted microstrip patch antenna for GSM, WLAN, WiMAX, C- and X- band applications." i-manager’s Journal on Electronics Engineering 13, no. 2 (2023): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jele.13.2.19385.

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In this research article, a compact plus-shaped L-shaped slotted microstrip patch antenna is proposed for various applications, including the Global System for Mobile communication (GSM), Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), and C-band X-band applications. The rectangular patch includes a plus-shaped slot, with an L-shaped slot cut along it, providing enhanced bandwidth and gain with multiband resonance. The radiation pattern of the proposed antenna is also better. The proposed antenna is capable of operating in four bands: (2.0 – 2.5 GHz)/2.2 GHz for GSM and WLAN applications, (3.6 – 3.9 GHz)/3.7 GHz for Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) and WiMAX applications, (6.7 -7.4 GHz)/7.1 GHz, and (9.1 – 10.8 GHz)/10 GHz for C- and X-band applications. The impedance bandwidth is 22.7%, 8.1%, 10%, and 17% for each respective frequency range. A parametric analysis of different dimensions, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), surface current distribution, and radiation pattern is presented to verify and validate the design parameters in each sections.

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Pempho, Joakim Banda, and Mulepa Joel. "Intelligent child monitoring safety system." i-manager's Journal on Mobile Applications and Technologies 10, no. 2 (2023): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jmt.10.2.20238.

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Child safety and tracking are of utmost importance, as children are the most vulnerable. With increasing crime rates, such as child kidnapping and child trafficking, the need for a smart security app has become a necessity. With this motivation, a self-alerting “Intelligent Child Monitoring Safety System” is developed to aid parents in monitoring and tracking their children in real time as an alternative to staying beside them. This system is intended as an everyday wearable device for the child, in the form of a wrist band, hand glove, arm band, belt, or even a smart phone. The app is designed to continuously monitor the location of children. The app uses GSM and GPS modules. The location of the victim is traced using the GPS module and sent to the registered contact numbers as a text message using a GSM module.

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31

Basit, Abdul, Muhammad Irfan Khattak, Mauth Al-Hasan, Jamel Nebhen, and Atif Jan. "Design and Analysis of a Compact GSM/GPS Dual-Band Bandpass Filter Using a T-Shaped Resonator." Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science 22, no. 2 (March 31, 2022): 138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.26866/jees.2022.2.r.70.

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This study presents an ultracompact dual-band bandpass filter with controllable transmission zeros based on quarter-wave dual-mode resonator for GSM (global system for mobile communications) and GPS (global positioning system) wireless applications. The filter is made up of two quarter-wave resonators, which help to independently control the passbands. A direct feed resonator creates the first operating band, which serves as a feeding source for the interior resonator and operates at a higher frequency band. Therefore, a pair of transmission zeros can be energized between the two passbands, and high roll-off skirts are obtained. To reduce the size of the entire filter, the two resonators are bent and connected together through a hole in a metal base. The structure is symmetrical in nature, so both frequency bands can be obtained using the even-odd mode analysis method. For GSM applications, the center frequency of the first working band is 850 MHz, while for GPS wireless applications, the center frequency of the second working band is 1.57 GHz. Although there is a feed line (λg is based on a waveguide length of 850 MHz), the filter has been simulated and fabricated for verification, with an ultra-compact size of 0.10 λg × 0.09 λg (0.0095 λg 2). The simulation results and measured results match well, and the theory of the design concept is recognized.

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32

Rajeshkumar, V., and Singaravelu Raghavan. "SRR-based polygon ring penta-band fractal antenna for GSM/WLAN/WiMAX/ITU band applications." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 57, no. 6 (March 27, 2015): 1301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.29070.

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33

Rusdi, Muhammad, Febrin Aulia Batubara, Rina Anugrahwaty, Junaidi, Suhaili Alifuddin, and Budi Harianto. "Design of Dual-band Bandpass Filter for GSM 950 MHz and GSM 1850 MHz Applications using Lumped Component." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 890 (September 2017): 012049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/890/1/012049.

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34

Arar, Adnan, Lilia Mashal, and Khalil Thabayneh. "Assessment of Electromagnetic Radiation around Mobile Phone Base Stations (MPBS) in the Southern Part of West Bank-Palestine." Hebron University Research Journal (HURJ): A- (Natural Sciences) 12, no. 1 (December 31, 2023): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.60138/491220231.

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This study relies on a descriptive design and utilizes the Spectran HF V4 spectrum analyzer to quantify the levels of radiofrequency (RF) radiation in milliwatts per square meter (mWm-2). Measurements were taken at regular distances of 25 meters, starting from a reference point of 50 meters from the base station of the mobile network and extending up to a maximum radial distance of 150 meters. The study specifically investigates 18 base stations for the GSM-900 frequency band for Jawwal 2G network, alongside 12 base stations for the GSM-2100 frequency band for Ooredoo 3G network. Quantitative data were collected and analyzed using Microsoft Excel to assess the prevailing RF radiation levels emanating from 30 selected base stations in Hebron city. The highest value of power density registered for the GSM-900 system was 83.5 mWm-2, and observed at base station B18, with average values of 24.5 mWm-2. For GSM-2100, the maximum power density recorded was 790 mWm-2 at base station B22, with average values of 207 mWm-2. The difference in power density between the two systems is due to frequency difference; where the radiated power density is directly proportional with frequency. Notably, the power density values obtained in this study at different distances and locations from the base stations were found to be significantly below the public exposure limits of the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), which ranges from 2000 mWm-2 up to 10000 mWm-2 within the frequency range of 10 MHz to 300 GHz.

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35

Kumar, D., D. Chowdhury, and R. Ghatak. "A Triband Planar Inverted-F Antenna with Quadratic Koch Fractal Shaped Slit Along with a Shorted Parasitic Strip." Advanced Electromagnetics 7, no. 5 (November 24, 2018): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v7i5.774.

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In this paper, a novel compact tri-band planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) for mobile communication application is proposed. The antenna is capable to cover GSM 900 MHz, DCS 1.8 GHz and WLAN (IEEE 802.11b) 2.45 GHz bands. The proposed PIFA is composed of a quadratic Koch shape slit and a parasitic strip. The PIFA with the fractal shaped slit contributes to the first and second resonance while the shorted strip brings forth the third band. The impedance bandwidths of 84 MHz, 132 MHz and 81 MHz for GSM 900, DCS 1800 and WLAN (IEEE 802.11b) 2450, respectively are achieved. A realized gain of 2.44 dBi, 4.48 dBi and 3.86 dBi is obtained at 0.9 GHz, 1.8 GHz and 2.45 GHz, respectively. The proposed antenna is fabricated and |S11| dB is measured. Reasonable agreement between simulated results as well as measured results is obtained.

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Winarti, Titin. "SISTEM KOMUNIKASI SELULER DENGAN UNIVERSAL MOBILE TELEPHONE SYSTEM ( UMTS )." Jurnal Transformatika 4, no. 2 (January 30, 2007): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26623/transformatika.v4i2.19.

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<span>Sistem celuler GSM memiliki beberapa kekurangan, yaitu tidak mampu untuk mengintegrasikan layanan video call dan video streaming karena kecepatan data masih rendah. Dengan alasan itu, maka ETSI menentukan migrasi dari GSM ke sistem generasi seluler ketiga yang disebut dengan UMTS (Universal Mobile Telephone System). Adapun spektrum frekuensi UMTS terestrial bekerja pada 1920-1980 MHz, 2110-2170 MHz untuk dipasangkan dari band dan 1900-1920 MHz, 2010-2025 MHz untuk tidak berpasangan dari band Seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi, teknologi telekomunikasi sistem seluler terus berkembang dan menggarap sekarang telah mencapai generasi ketiga yang dikenal dengan nama dari International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000). Adapun kerangka kerja untuk pengembangan teknologi seluler generasi ketiga (3G) di Eropa adalah Universal Mobile Telephone System (UMTS). UMTS menggunakan disebut oleh TD-CDMA multiple access adalah UTRA TDD (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access dari Time Division Duplex) dan W-CDMA untuk UTRA FDD DARI (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access dari Duplex Frekuensi Division Kata kunci : UMTS, multiple access, Sistem Seluler</span>

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37

Ambekar, Aarti G., and Amit A. Deshmukh. "DUAL BAND COMPACT SQUARE MICROSTRIP ANTENNA FOR GSM AND GPS APPLICATIONS." Progress In Electromagnetics Research C 118 (2022): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pierc21110504.

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38

Shih-Huang Yeh, Kin-Lu Wong, Tzung-Wern Chiou, and Shyh-Tirng Fang. "Dual-band planar inverted F antenna for GSM/DCS mobile phones." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 51, no. 5 (May 2003): 1124–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2003.811524.

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39

YANG, Lingsheng, Tao LI, Feng WANG, and Kuniaki YOSHITOMI. "Compact Tri-Band MIMO Antenna for LTE/GSM Mobile Handset Application." IEICE Transactions on Communications E99.B, no. 1 (2016): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transcom.2015ebp3307.

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40

Sheta, A. F., and M. A. Alkanhal. "Compact dual-band tunable microstrip antenna for GSM/DCS-1800 applications." IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation 2, no. 3 (2008): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-map:20070151.

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Ryynanen, J., K. Kivekas, J. Jussila, A. Parssinen, and K. A. I. Halonen. "A dual-band RF front-end for WCDMA and GSM applications." IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 36, no. 8 (2001): 1198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/4.938370.

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42

Darabi, H., P. Chang, H. Jensen, A. Zolfaghari, P. Lettieri, J. C. Leete, B. Mohammadi, et al. "A Quad-Band GSM/GPRS/EDGE SoC in 65 nm CMOS." IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 46, no. 4 (April 2011): 870–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2011.2109432.

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43

Karimi, Gh, A. Golestanifar, A. Ghaderi, and N. Salimpour. "Ultra Sharp Transition-Band LPF with Miniaturized Size for GSM Applications." Radioengineering 27, no. 2 (June 15, 2018): 425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.13164/re.2018.0425.

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44

Kuo, Cheng-Hao, Kin-Lu Wong, and Fa-Shian Chang. "Internal GSM/DCS dual-band open-loop antenna for laptop application." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 49, no. 3 (January 26, 2007): 680–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.22224.

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Arunjith, K. S., Girish Chandra Ghivela, and Joydeep Sengupta. "Design and Analysis of Novel Tri-Band Band Pass Filter for GSM, WiMax and UWB Applications." Wireless Personal Communications 118, no. 4 (February 19, 2021): 3457–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-021-08188-7.

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46

Wang, Xiao-ying, Wen-ting Guo, Yang-yang Peng, and Wen-quan Sui. "GaAs pHEMT multi-band/multi-mode SP9T switch for quad-band GSM and UMTS handsets applications." Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE C 12, no. 4 (April 2011): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1631/jzus.c1000178.

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47

Zhang, Su Nan, Qiang Ye, and Chang Wei Luo. "A Novel Three-Port Combiner Based on Coaxial Cavity." Advanced Materials Research 605-607 (December 2012): 1924–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.605-607.1924.

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In this paper, a novel three-port combiner based on coaxial cavity is presented, which consists of a band-pass filter with a transmission zero and a ultra-wideband band-stop filter, and the combiner is different to the conventional combiner based on microstrip or stripline. The design and simulated results show that the novel combiner has a good performance, which are insert loss more than -0.5dB and return loss less than -20dB between the GSM/DCS/TD band (800-2170MHz) and WLAN band (2400-2500MHz), the isolation in both bands less than -85dB, respectively. In addition, the performances of the novel combiner are demonstrated experimentally, the measured results have good agreement with simulated results.

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48

Traykov, Metodi, Radoslav Mavrevski, and Ivan Trenchev. "Modeling of digital converter for GSM signals with MATLAB." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 5 (October 1, 2019): 4417. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i5.pp4417-4422.

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In this study will simulate steady state of Digital Down Convertor (DDC) for GSM signal with a narrow frequency range. The MATLAB model that is described in this article simulates the work of the TIGC4016 Quad Digital Down Converter. This converter is used for digital mixing (down conversion) of signals, narrow band low-pass filtering and decimation. To implementation of the model, we use high sample-rate (69,333 MSPS) bandpass signal. The result contains low sample-rate (270.83 KSPS) baseband signal, thus facilitating the demodulation process.

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Osman Luhaib, Saad Wasmi. "Design of a Doherty Power Amplifier for GSM Systems." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 18, no. 3 (September 30, 2011): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.18.3.07.

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This paper presents the design and analysis of Doherty power amplifier. The Doherty amplifier is used in a base station for mobile system because of its high efficiency. The class AB power amplifier used in the configuration of the main and auxiliary amplifier. The result obtained shows that the Doherty power amplifier can be used on a wide band spectrum, the amplifier works at 900MHz and has very good power added efficiency (PAE) and gain. The amplifier can also work at 1800MHz at input power greater than 20dBm.

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BELEN, Aysu. "DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF LOW NOISE AMPLIFIER FOR 900MHZ GSM BAND APPLICATIONS USING GREY WOLF ALGORITHM." Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi 11, no. 3 (September 28, 2023): 873–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21923/jesd.1246889.

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In this work, the design of a high-performance single-stage Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) for GSM applications is taken into consideration. LNA design is one of the key stages of a wireless communication system due to its dominance over the whole system's noise figure performance. Although it is possible to achieve a very high gain and low noise figure with the usage of multi-stage transistors, such designs would also have a high complexity and manufacturing cost. The main aim of this work is to propose a single transistor LNA design for GSM application with a gain level of 14.3 dB, return loss level of less than 15 dB, and noise figure of 1.8 dB over the operation band of 820-980 MHz. the optimal design variables of the model is obtained via Grey Wolf optimization procedure.

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