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1
Sani, John, Jacob Oyeniyi Afolayan, U. N. Wilson, OC Eze, and J. Nyeri. "Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Sisal Fiber on the Partially Replaced Cement with Groundnut Shell Ash in Concrete." Journal of Building Materials and Structures 7, no. 2 (January 12, 2021): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.34118/jbms.v7i2.775.
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An investigation on the effect of sisal fiber on the partially replaced cement with Groundnut Shell Ash in Concrete was carried out. Sisal fiber of 3.5cm length which forms 1% of the mix by weight with groundnut shell ash as a partial replacement for cement was used in preparing the concrete specimen. Compressive strength test was carried out using 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% of Groundnut shell ash as replacement of cement at different curing ages of 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. It was observed that at 7 and 14days of curing, it is needless introducing the GSA since the maximum compressive strength obtained were at 0% GSA. At 21 and 28days of curing, a considerable increase in compressive strength was observed for 5% and 10% of GSA. However, 5% of GSA can be regarded as the optimum content since it gives the maximum compressive strength value of 30.1N/mm2 at 28days of curing. This is followed by 10% replacement of GSA yielding 28.10N/mm2 and then 0% GSA replacement yielding 25.01N/mm2.
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Lin, Mingmin, Yingpei Zeng, Ting Wu, Qiuhua Wang, Linan Fang, and Shanqing Guo. "GSA-Fuzz: Optimize Seed Mutation with Gravitational Search Algorithm." Security and Communication Networks 2022 (July 15, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1505842.
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Mutation-based fuzzing is currently one of the most effective techniques to discover software vulnerabilities. It relies on mutation strategies to generate interesting seeds. As a state-of-the-art mutation-based fuzzer, AFL follows a mutation strategy with high randomization, which uses randomly selected mutation operators to mutate seeds at random offsets. Its strategy may ignore some efficient mutation operators and mutation positions. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a solution named GSA-Fuzz to improve the efficiency of seed mutation strategy with the gravitational search algorithm (GSA). GSA-Fuzz uses GSA to learn the optimal selection probability distributions of operators and mutation positions and designs a position-sensitive strategy to guide seed mutation with learned distributions. Besides, GSA-Fuzz also provides a flip mode to calculate the efficiencies of the deterministic stage and indeterministic stage and implements switching between the two stages to further improve the efficiency of seed mutation. We compare GSA-Fuzz with the state-of-the-art fuzzers AFL, MOPT-AFL, and EcoFuzz on 10 open-source programs. GSA-Fuzz finds 145% more paths than AFL, 66% more paths than EcoFuzz, and 43% more paths than MOPT-AFL. In addition, GSA-Fuzz also outperforms other fuzzers in bug detection and line coverage.
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Edeh, Joseph E., Manasseh Joel, and James Mzuaor Aburabul. "Groundnut Shell Ash Stabilized Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement, as Pavement Material." Advanced Materials Research 824 (September 2013): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.824.3.
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Large volume of reclaimed asphalt pavements (RAP) aggregates are generated during pavement rehabilitation and reconstruction and disposed along road alignment while large quantities of groundnut shell ash (GSA) are generated from the combustion of groundnut shell and also disposed in large quantities on production sites. This paper presents results of the laboratory evaluation of the characteristics of GSA stabilized RAP with a view to determining its suitability for use as highway pavement material in flexible pavements construction. The RAP-GSA mixtures were subjected to British standard light (BSL) (standard Proctor) compactive effort to determine the compaction characteristics and California bearing ratio (CBR). Test results show that the properties of RAP improved with GSA treatment. The particle grading improved from 99.13% coarse aggregate and 0.87% fines, with AASHTO classification of A-1-b for 100% RAP and 9.08% coarse aggregate and 90.92% fines, with AASHTO classification of A-4 for 100% GSA to 15.6691.72% coarse aggregate and 8.2884.32% fines, with AASHTO classification in the range A-4 (silty soil) to A-1-a [granular material, for the various RAP-GSA mixes. Maximum dry density (MDD) decreased while the optimum moisture content (OMC) increased with higher GSA content in the RAP + GSA mixes. Optimum CBR values of 22.2% (unsoaked) and 18.3% (soaked) were recorded for 80% RAP + 20% GSA and 90% RAP + 10% GSA mixes, respectively. This optimum mixes satisfied durability requirement with insignificant water absorption and can be used as subgrade material in flexible pavements. This research provides the results to the evaluation of GSA stabilized RAP as highway construction material, as it is based on CBR determination. Further work may be encouraged to assess resilient modulus of this material under cyclic load.
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Abdurrahman, Sidi Yusuf, Bunyamin Ayodeji Olawumi, Yakubu Idris, Ashiru Mode, and Mohammed Abdulmumin Nda. "Compressive Strength and Optimization of Concrete Produced by Replacing Cement with Coconut Shell Ash (CSA) and Groundnut Shell Ash (GSA)." Saudi Journal of Civil Engineering 6, no. 8 (August 21, 2022): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjce.2022.v06i08.002.
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The compressive strength and optimization of concrete produced by replacing cement with CSA and GSA was conducted in this study. The materials used were cement, water, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, CSA, and GSA. The CSA and GSA replaced cement at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25% in combination, with a total of seventy two (72) cubes cast, while the concrete compressive strength was determined after curing by complete immersion in water at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The modeling and optimization was done with the aid of design expert (version 13) software, while the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was done using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 23 and adopting the Least Square Difference (LSD) method. Results from the findings showed that the CSA used in the study is a good reactive pozzolana, and the GSA is not a reactive pozzolana. Also, the increase in CSA and GSA content in concrete reduces its workability, and concrete compressive strength. However, cement replaced with 5%CSA-0%GSA gave the optimum 28 days compressive strength which is not statistically significantly from the control concrete and can be used to produce concrete of compressive strength close to the control. Further findings from the regression model showed that CSA-GSA concrete compressive strength significantly fits a linear model and can be used to predict the 7, 14, 21, and 28 days compressive strength of CSA-GSA concrete, while the optimized result showed that CSA and GSA replacement of cement at 3.29% and 4.45% respectively yielded an optimum compressive strength of approximately 22.31N/mm2.
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Edeh, Joseph E., Adrian O. Eberemu, and James Mzuaor Aburabul. "Effect of Compactive Efforts on the Strength Properties of Groundnut Shell Ash Stabilized Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement." Advanced Materials Research 824 (September 2013): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.824.12.
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Large quantities of groundnut shell ash (GSA) are generated from the combustion of groundnut shell, disposed in large quantities on production sites while large volume of reclaimed asphalt pavements (RAP) aggregates are also generated during pavement rehabilitation and reconstruction and disposed along road alignments. This paper presents results of the laboratory evaluation of the effect of compactive efforts on the strength properties of GSA stabilized RAP with a view to determining its suitability as highway pavement material in pavement constructions. The RAP-GSA mixtures were subjected to Reduced British Standard light, RBSL (reduced Proctor); British Standard light, BSL (standard Proctor); West African Standard, WAS and British Standard heavy, BSH (modified Proctor) compactive efforts to determine the compaction characteristics, California bearing ratio (CBR), durability and water absorption characteristics. Test results show that the properties of RAP improved with GSA treatment. The particle grading improved from 99.13 % coarse aggregate and 0.87 % fines, with AASHTO classification of A-1-b for 100 % RAP, and 9.08 % coarse aggregate and 90.92 % fines, with AASHTO classification of A-4 for 100 % GSA to 15.6691.72 % coarse aggregate and 8.2884.32 % fines, with AASHTO classification in the range A-4 (silty soil) to A-1-a (granular materials), for the various RAP-GSA mixes. Maximum dry density (MDD) decreased while the optimum moisture content (OMC) increased with higher GSA content in the RAP + GSA mixes and with decreased compactive effort from BSH to RBSL. Optimum CBR values of 35.1% (unsoaked) and 44.1% (soaked) recorded for 90% RAP + 10% GSA mix achieved with BSH compactive effort, satisfied the durability requirements with insignificant expansion and water absorption and can be used as subbase material in flexible pavements construction. This research provides the results of evaluation of the effect of compactive efforts on the strength properties of GSA stabilized RAP as highway construction material, as it is based on CBR determination. Further work may be encouraged to assess resilient modulus of this material under cyclic load.
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Li, Qian, Xiaoling Zhu, Wei Xiong, Yanqiu Zhu, Jianghui Zhang, Pathe Karim Djiba, Xiao Lv, and Yiping Luo. "Effects of temperature on metabolic scaling in black carp." PeerJ 8 (May 27, 2020): e9242. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9242.
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The surface area (SA) of organs and cells may vary with temperature, which changes the SA exchange limitation on metabolic flows as well as the influence of temperature on metabolic scaling. The effect of SA change can intensify (when the effect is the same as that of temperature) or compensate for (when the effect is the opposite of that of temperature) the negative effects of temperature on metabolic scaling, which can result in multiple patterns of metabolic scaling with temperature among species. The present study aimed to examine whether metabolic scaling in black carp changes with temperature and to identify the link between metabolic scaling and SA at the organ and cellular levels at different temperatures. The resting metabolic rate (RMR), gill surface area (GSA) and red blood cell (RBC) size of black carp with different body masses were measured at 10 °C and 25 °C, and the scaling exponents of these parameters were compared. The results showed that both body mass and temperature independently affected the RMR, GSA and RBC size of black carp. A consistent scaling exponent of RMR (0.764, 95% CI [0.718–0.809]) was obtained for both temperatures. The RMR at 25 °C was 2.7 times higher than that at 10 °C. At both temperatures, the GSA scaled consistently with body mass by an exponent of 0.802 (95% CI [0.759–0.846]), while RBC size scaled consistently with body mass by an exponent of 0.042 (95% CI [0.010–0.075]). The constant GSA scaling can explain the constant metabolic scaling as temperature increases, as metabolism may be constrained by fluxes across surfaces. The GSA at 10 °C was 1.2 times higher than that at 25 °C, which suggests that the constraints of GSA on the metabolism of black carp is induced by the higher temperature. The RBC size at 10 °C was 1.1 times higher than that at 25 °C. The smaller RBC size (a larger surface-to-volume ratio) at higher temperature suggests an enhanced oxygen supply and a reduced surface boundary limit on bR, which offset the negative effect of temperature on bR.
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Zhong, Licheng, and Yulu Wang. "Short-term Power Load Forecasting Based on Improved BP Neural Network from Genetic Algorithm and Simulated Annealing Algorithm." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2401, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2401/1/012087.
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Abstract As one of the common methods of load forecasting, the traditional BP neural network algorithm has been favored by scholars for many years due to its strong learning ability and adaptive ability, and is often used by scholars to forecast power load. However, BP neural network also has its own shortcomings, that is, low algorithm efficiency, local minimization and other problems. In this paper, GA algorithm and SA algorithm are used to modify the weights of BP neural network, and a short-term load forecasting model, namely BP-GSA model, is established. The least mean square error prediction model is obtained through training. Then using BP-GSA model and traditional BP neural network model, using MATLAB software to predict the daily power load of a city from July 1 to July 10. The forecast results show that the load forecast curve obtained by BP-GSA model is closer to the actual load curve. That is to say, BP-GSA load forecasting error is less than the traditional BP neural network load forecasting error, which proves that BP-GSA model has better forecasting effect.
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VARIKODEN, HAMZA, K. KRISHNA KUMAR, and C. A. BABU. "Long term trends of seasonal and monthly rainfall in different intensity ranges over Indian subcontinent." MAUSAM 64, no. 3 (July 1, 2013): 481–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v64i3.730.
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Hkkjrh; xzh"edkyhu ekWulwu o"kkZ esa vf[ky Hkkjrh; xzh"edkyhu ekWulwu o"kkZ Ja`[kyk esa fdlh fo’ks"k izdkj dh izo`fRr dk lkekU;r% irk ugha pyk gS rFkkfi ISMR dh LFkkfud izo`fRr;ksa ds izHkkfor gksus dh fjiksVZ feyh gSA bl 'kks/k i= esa Hkkjrh; miegk}hi ds fofHkUu {ks=ksa esa xzh"edkyhu ekWulwu o"kkZ dh rhozrk dh fofHkUu Jsf.k;ksa dh nh?kZdkyhu izo`fRr;ksa dk irk yxkus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gSA Hkkjr ekSle foKku foHkkx ds 1 tuojh] 1901 ls 31 fnlEcj] 2003 rd dh vof/k ds 1º ´ 1º v{kka’k&ns’kkarj fxzM ds LFkkfud foHksnu okys fxzM;qDr nSfud o"kkZ ds vk¡dM+ksa dk mi;ksx djds ekSleh vkSj ekfld o"kkZ dh nh?kZ vof/k izo`fRr Hkh rS;kj dh xbZA nf{k.k iwoZ] mRrj if’pe vkSj mRrj iwoZ {ks=ksa esa xzh"edkyhu ekWulwu o"kkZ dh izo`fRr esa c<+ksrjh fn[krh gSA tcfd e/; vkSj if’pe rVh; {ks=ksa esa deh dh izo`fRr n’kkZrh gSA ekfld iSekus ij] tqykbZ dh o"kkZ Hkkjr ds if’peh rVh; vkSj e/; {ks=ksa esa deh dh izo`fRr rFkk 0-1 izfr’kr egRoiw.kZ Lrj ij mRrjiwoZ {ks= esa fo’ks"k :i ls c<+ksrjh dh izo`fRr n’kkZrh gSA vxLr ekg ds nkSjku] if’peh rVh; LFkkuksa esa fo’ks"k :i ls 10 izfr’kr deh dh izo`fRr ikbZ xbZ gSA vf/kdka’k LVs’kuksa esa] ek/; nSfud o"kkZ ls de vkSj cgqr gh Hkkjh o"kkZ esa c<+ksrjh dh izo`fRr dk irk pyrk gSA lkekU; o"kkZ esa fofHkUu {ks=ksa ds fy, izo`fRr fHkUu&fHkUu gSA e/; vkSj nf{k.kh {ks=ksa esa lkekU; vkSj lkekU;r% mPp Jsf.k;ksa ls o`f) dh izo`fRr dk irk pyk gSA mPp vkSj vfr mPp rhozrk Jsf.k;ksa esa fo’ks"k :i ls deh dh izo`fRr dk irk pyrk gSA mRrj iwohZ {ks=ksa esa] 10 fe-eh-@fnu ls vf/kd dh o"kkZ 0-1 izfr’kr ds egRoiw.kZ Lrj ds lkFk egRoiw.kZ o`f) dh izo`fRr n’kkZrh gSA
In general Indian summer monsoon rainfall did not show any significant trend in all Indian summer monsoon rainfall series, however, it was reported that the ISMR is subjected to spatial trends. This paper made an attempt to bring out long term trends of different intensity classes of summer monsoon rainfall in different regions of Indian subcontinent. The long term trend of seasonal and monthly rainfall were also made using the India Meteorological Department gridded daily rainfall data with a spatial resolution of 1° × 1° latitude-longitude grid for the period from 1st January, 1901 to 31st December, 2003. The summer monsoon rainfall shows an increasing trend in southeast, northwest and northeast regions, whereas decreasing trend in the central and west coastal regions. In monthly scale, July rainfall shows decreasing trend over west coastal and central Indian regions and significant increasing trend over northeast region at 0.1% significant level. During the month August, decreasing trend is observed in the west coastal stations at 10% significant level. In most of the stations, mean daily rainfall shows an increasing trend for low and very high intense rainfall. For the moderate rainfall, the trend is different for different regions. In the central and southern regions the trend of moderate and moderately high classes show increasing trend. And for the high and very high intensity classes, the trend is decreasing significantly. In the northeastern regions, above 10 mm/day rainfall shows significantly increasing trend with 0.1% significant level.
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OZA, S. R., R. P. SINGH, and V. K. DADHWAL. "Characterization of vegetation fraction estimated using spot-vegetation NDVI data for regional climate modeling in India." MAUSAM 57, no. 4 (November 26, 2021): 669–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v57i4.506.
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lkj & ,e- ,e- 5 tSls eslksLdsy tyok;q fun’kksZa }kjk ouLifr ¼oh- ,Q-½ dh lwpuk nsus dk dk;Z egRoiw.kZ gSA fun’kZu ¼ekWMfyax½ esa lkekU; :Ik ls lcls vf/kd iz;qDr dh xbZ tyok;q laca/kh ekfld oh- ,Q- gSA oh- ,Q- dh lwpuk,¡ ,u- vks- ,- ,- & ,- oh- ,p- vkj- vkj- ,u- Mh- oh- vkbZ- HkweaMyh; vk¡dM+k lsVksa dk mi;ksx djrs gq, xqVesu vkSj bXukVkso ¼1988½ ¼th- vkbZ-½ }kjk rS;kj dh xbZ gSA bl 'kks/k&i= esa Hkkjrh; {ks= ds vizSy 1998 ls uoacj 2003 dh vof/k ds LikWV& ost+hVs’ku 10 fnolh; fefJr ,u- Mh- oh- vkbZ- ds mRiknksa dk mi;ksx djrs gq, 1 fd- eh- ds oh- ,Q- ds vk¡dM+k lsV rS;kj djus ds ckjs esa crk;k x;k gSA LikWV&osthVs’ku ds 0 % vkSj 100 % dh oh- ,Q- ls laca) ,u- Mh- oh- vkbZ- dh laosnd fof’k"V izHkkolhek,¡ th- vkbZ- ds 0-04 vkSj 0-52 dh rqyuk esa Øe’k: 0-04 vkSj 0-804 ikbZ xbZaA th- vkbZ- ds tyok;q laca/kh oh- ,Q ds lkFk izkIr fd, x, oh- ,Q ds vk¡dM+ksa dh rqyuk dh xbZ gSA rhu v{kka’kh; {ks=ksa ¼<16] 16&24] > 24½ ds fy, oh- ,Q- ds fo’ys"k.k ls th- vkbZ- ls 15 % rd dh fHkUurkvksa dk irk pyk gSA o"kkZ&vk/kkfjr Ñf"k okys {ks= esa mYys[kuh; fHkUurk dk irk pyk gSA oh- ,Q- ls izkIr fd, x, ekSleh vkSj o"kZ&izfro"kZ dh fHkUurkvksa ds ifj.kkeksa ij fopkj&foe’kZ fd;k x;k gSA
Vegetation fraction (VF) is an important input in mesoscale climate models, such as MM5. The most commonly used VF inputs in modeling is the climatic monthly VF generated by Gutman and Ignatov (1998) (GI) using NOAA-AVHRR NDVI global data sets. This paper reports the generation of 1 km VF data set using SPOT-VEGETATION 10-day composite NDVI products from April 1998 to November 2003 for the Indian region. Sensor-specific thresholds of NDVI associated with 0% and 100% VF for SPOT-VEGETATION were found to be 0.04 and 0.804, respectively, in contrast to 0.04 and 0.52 of GI. Comparison of derived VF with climatic VF of GI was carried out. Analysis of VF for three latitudinal zones (<16, 16-24, >24) indicated the differences up to 15 percent from GI. Significant difference was observed for the area having rain-fed agriculture. Results of the seasonal and year-to-year variations of derived VF are discussed.
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Ali, Ahmed F., and Mohamed A. Tawhid. "Direct Gravitational Search Algorithm for Global Optimisation Problems." East Asian Journal on Applied Mathematics 6, no. 3 (July 20, 2016): 290–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/eajam.030915.210416a.
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AbstractA gravitational search algorithm (GSA) is a meta-heuristic development that is modelled on the Newtonian law of gravity and mass interaction. Here we propose a new hybrid algorithm called the Direct Gravitational Search Algorithm (DGSA), which combines a GSA that can perform a wide exploration and deep exploitation with the Nelder-Mead method, as a promising direct method capable of an intensification search. The main drawback of a meta-heuristic algorithm is slow convergence, but in our DGSA the standard GSA is run for a number of iterations before the best solution obtained is passed to the Nelder-Mead method to refine it and avoid running iterations that provide negligible further improvement. We test the DGSA on 7 benchmark integer functions and 10 benchmark minimax functions to compare the performance against 9 other algorithms, and the numerical results show the optimal or near optimal solution is obtained faster.
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Saleh, Muhammad, Fitri Imansyah, Usman A. Gani, and Hardiansyah . "Hybrid PSO-GSA Technique for Environmental/ Economic Dispatch Problem." International Journal of Emerging Research in Management and Technology 6, no. 9 (June 24, 2018): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijermt.v6i9.94.
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This paper proposes a novel and efficient hybrid algorithm based on combining particle swarm optimization (PSO) and gravitational search algorithm (GSA) techniques, called PSO-GSA. The core of this algorithm is to combine the ability of social thinking in PSO with the local search capability of GSA. Many practical constraints of generators, such as power loss, ramp rate limits, prohibited operating zones and valve point effect, are considered. The new algorithm is implemented to solve combined environmental economic dispatch (CEED) problem in power systems considering the power limits. The CEED is to minimize both the operating fuel cost and emission level simultaneously while satisfying the load demand and operational constraints. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm has been tested on 10-unit system and the results were compared with other methods reported in recent literature. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms previous optimization methods.
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Hsu, C. H., and S. Patel. "Uremic plasma contains factors inhibiting 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 3, no. 4 (October 1992): 947–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v34947.
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The effect of uremic plasma ultrafiltrate on calcitriol synthesis was investigated. Renal 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity was measured in normal rats infused for 20 h with 20 mL of normal or uremic plasma ultrafiltrate. Renal 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity was determined by the generation of calcitriol measured 5, 10, 20, and 30 min after the reaction was initiated by the addition of cold 25(OH)D3. The activity was significantly lower in rats infused with uremic plasma ultrafiltrate. Kidney homogenates preincubated for 3 h with uremic plasma ultrafiltrate also had significantly lower renal 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity than did those preincubated with normal plasma ultrafiltrate. In addition, the effect of the putative uremic toxin, guanidinosuccinic acid (GSA), on renal 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity was studied. Normal rats infused for 20 h with 20 mL of saline solution containing 1.5 mg/dL of GSA had significantly lower renal 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity than did rats infused with normal saline. The enzyme activity was also lower in kidney homogenates preincubated for 3 h with 4 mg/dL of GSA. Enzyme kinetic analysis revealed that the inhibition of renal 1 alpha-hydroxylase by GSA was noncompetitive. It was concluded that uremic plasma contains substances that directly inhibit renal 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity.
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RAO, DODLA VENKATA BHASKAR, and DASARI HARI PRASAD. "Numerical prediction of the Orissa super cyclone (1999) : Sensitivity to the parameterisation of convection, boundary layer and explicit moisture processes." MAUSAM 57, no. 1 (November 25, 2021): 61–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v57i1.455.
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& ih- ,l- ;w- @ ,u- lh- ,- vkj- ,e- ,e- 5 dk mi;ksx djds mM+hlk esa 1999 esa vk, egkpØokr dh xfrfof/k;ksa vkSj mldh rhozrk ds la[;kRed iwokZuqeku dk bl 'kks/k&i= esa v/;;u fd;k x;k gSA laogu] xzgh; ifjlhek Lrj vkSj fuf’pr ueh Ldheksa dh izkpyhdj.k ;kstukvksa dh Hkwfedk dk v/;;u djus ds fy, laosnu’khyrk iz;ksx fd, x, gSaA caxky dh [kkM+h esa 90] 30 vkSj 10 fd-eh- {kSfrt varjkyksa ds rhu ikjLifjd iz{ks=ksa ¼Mksesu½ dk irk yxkus ds fy, bl ekWMy dh ifjdYiuk dh xbZ gSA ,d va’k ds varjky ij miyC/k gq, ,u- lh- bZ- ih- ,Q- ,u- ,y- vk¡dM+ksa dk mi;ksx djds izkjafHkd {ks=ksa vkSj fHkUu le; ds ifjlhek ifjorhZ rFkk 12 ?kaVs ds varjky ij leqnz lrg rkieku miyC/k djk, x, gSaA
laogu] xzgh; ifjlhek Lrj vkSj fuf’pr ueh izfØ;kvksa ds laca/k esa pØokr ds ekxZ dk iwokZuqeku vkSj mldh rhozrk dh laosnu’khyrk dk v/;;u djus ds fy, rhu iz;ksx fd, x, gSaA blls izkIr gq, ifj.kkeksa ls pØokr ds ekxZ ds iwokZuqeku esa laoguh; izfØ;kvksa dh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk dk irk pyk gS rFkk dSu&fÝ’k 2 Ldhe ls pØokr ds ekxZ dk lcls lVhd <ax ls irk yxk;k tk ldk gSA blds vykok ;g irk pyrk gS fd xzgh; ifjlhek Lrj izfØ;k,¡ esyj&;eknk Ldhe ds lg;ksx ls lcls izpaMre pØokr dh rhozrk dks Kkr dj ldrh gSaA fuf’pr ueh izfØ;k,¡ pØokr dh xfr dks fu;af=r djrh gSa tks Hkhrjh iz{ks= ¼Mksesu½ ds 10 fd-eh- ds lw{e foHksnu ds QyLo:Ik laHko gks ldrk gSA dSu&fÝz’k 2 vkSj esyj&;eknk dh la;qDr pj.kc) ;kstuk ls pØokr ds ekxZ vkSj mldh rhozrk ds laca/kksa dks csgrj <ax ls izfr:fir fd;k x;k gSA fdlh ,dek= iz;ksx dh rqyuk esa lHkh feystqys iz;ksxksa ls pØokr ds ekxZ vkSj mldh rhozrk dk csgrj vkdyu fd;k tk ldk gSA izfr:fir pØokr esa ,diw.kZ fodflr pØokr ds] m".k ØksM] dsanz vkSj dsanz&fHkfRr tSls lHkh y{k.k ik, x, gSaA ekWMy ls izfr:fir o"kkZ forj.k vkSj rhozrk izs{k.kksa ds vuq:Ik ikbZ xbZ gSA
Numerical prediction of the movement and intensification of the Orissa Super Cyclone (1999) is studied using PSU/NCAR MM5. Sensitivity experiments were made to study the role of the parameterisation schemes of convection, planetary boundary layer and explicit moisture schemes. The model is designed to have three interactive domains with 90, 30 and 10 km horizontal resolutions covering the Bay of Bengal region. The initial fields and time varying boundary variables and sea surface temperatures at 12 hour interval are provided from NCEP FNL data available at 1° resolution.
Three groups of experiments were performed to study the sensitivity of the cyclone track prediction and intensification to the schemes of convection, planetary boundary layer and explicit moisture processes. The results indicate that convective processes play an important role in the cyclone track prediction and the scheme of Kain-Fritsch 2 produces the best track and the planetary boundary layer processes control the intensification with the scheme of Mellor-Yamada producing the strongest cyclone. The explicit moisture processes modulate the movement of the cyclone, which may be due to the fine resolution of the 10 km for the innermost domain. The mixed-phase scheme in combination with Kain-Fritsch 2 and Mellor-Yamada produce the best simulation in terms of the track as well as intensification. The ensemble mean of all the conducted experiments estimate the track positions and intensification better than any individual experiment. The simulated cyclone shows all the characteristics of a mature cyclone, with warm core, formation of the eye and eye wall. The model simulated rainfall distribution and intensity have good agreement with the observations.
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LASKAR, S. I., S. K. ROY BHOWMIK, and VIVEK SINHA. "Some statistical characteristics of occurrence of fog over Patna airport." MAUSAM 64, no. 2 (December 17, 2021): 345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v64i2.690.
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bl 'kks/k i= esa o"kZ 2000 ls 2010 rd 10 o"kksZa ds uoacj ls Qjojh ekg dh vof/k ds vk¡dMksa dk mi;ksx djrs gq, iVuk gokbZ vMMs ij Nkus okys dqgjs dh lkaf[;dh; fo’ks"krkvksa tSls & dksgjk Nkus dh ckjEckjrk] Nkus dk le;] vof/k] l?kurk rFkk folfjr gksus ds le; dk v/;;u fd;k x;k gSA bl v/;;u ls izkIr gq, ifj.kke ls irk pyk gS fd foxr 10 o"kksZa ds nkSjku iVuk gokbZ vMMs ij pkjksa gh eghuksa esa dqgjs dh ckjEckjrk esa o"kZ 1961&90 rFkk 1951&80 ds tyok;fodh esa miyC/k flukWfIVd rFkk rRdkfyd ekSkle izs{k.kksa dh rqyuk esa fo’ks"k :i ls o`f) gqbZ gSA iVuk gokbZ vMMs ij dqgjk Nkus dk lcls vuqdwy eghuk fnlEcj vkSj mlds ckn tuojh dk ekuk x;k gsA fnlacj vkSj tuojh ds eghuksa esa 5 ?kaVsa ls vf/kd vof/k rd dqgjk Nkus dh vko`fRr dh izfr’kr~rk vf/kdre jgh gS tcfd uoacj ,oa Qjojh ds eghuksa esa 2 ?kaVs ls de vof/k dh vko`fRr lcls vf/kd jgh gSA dqgjk dk cuuk vDlj 0000&0200 ;w-Vh-lh- ds nkSjku vkSj bldk {k; gksuk 0200&0500 ;w- Vh- lh- ds nkSjku ns[kk x;k gSA cgqr ?kus dqgjs dh vf/kdre vko`fRr & izfr’krrk uoacj ekg esa ns[kh xbZ gSA fnlacj vkSj tuojh ds eghuksa dh vf/kdrj fLFkfr;ksa esa 1200 ;w-Vh-ij vxyh jkr@lqcg ds le; iMs+ dksgjs ds jsfM;ksa lkSans ds vk¡dMksa ds vk/kkj ij rS;kj fd, x, dqgjk LFkkf;Ro lwpdkad ¼,Q-,l-vkbZ-½ 40 ls de ik;k x;k gSA
In this paper some statistical characteristics of fog, such as frequencies of occurrence, time of onset, duration, intensity and time of dispersal over Patna airport are studied making use of 10 years data for the period November-February, 2000-2010. The result shows that during the last ten years frequency of fog over Patna airport has increased significantly in all the four months as compared to the climatology based on available synoptic and current weather observations during 1961-90 and 1951-80. The most favourable month for occurrence of fog over Patna airport has been identified as December followed by January. Percentage frequency is highest for duration of fog for more than 5 hours in the months of December and January whereas in the months of November and February frequency is highest for duration less than 2 hours. The formation of fog mostly observed during 0000-0200 UTC and dissipation during 0200-0500 UTC. Percentage frequency of very thick fog was found to be highest in the month of November. In the months of December and January in most of the cases Fog Stability Index (FSI) based on 1200 UTC radiosonde data leading to occurrence of fog during following night/morning has been found to be less than 40.
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DEVI, K. SATHI, D. HARI PRASAD, and D. V. BHASKAR RAO. "The evaluation of Kain-Fritsch scheme in tropical cyclone simulation." MAUSAM 57, no. 3 (November 26, 2021): 395–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v57i3.484.
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lkj & bl v/;;u esa 25&30 vDrwcj 1999 rd dh vof/k esa mM+hlk esa vk, egkpØokrksa ds ewY;kadu dk izfr:i.k djus ds fy, dSu fÝ’k ds diklh izkpyhdj.k ;kstuk ds lkFk ,u- lh- ,- vkj- ,e- ,e- 5 dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k gSA 25 vDrwcj 1999 ds 0000 ;w Vh lh ij 90] 30 vkSj 10 fd-eh- ds f}iFkh vk/kkfjr {kSfrt iz{ks=ksa ¼Mksesu½ okys ,u- lh- ,- vkj- ,e- ,e- 5 dks 5 fnu dh vof/k ds fy, lesfdr fd;k x;k gSA bl v/;;u ds fy, izkjfEHkd vkSj ifjlhek dh fLFkfr;ksa dks ,d va’k ds varjky ij miyC/k gq, ,u- lh- bZ- ih- ,Q- ,u- ,y- fo’ys"k.k vk¡dM+ksa ls fy;k x;k gSA
;g izfr:fir fun’kZ 954 gSDVkikLdy ij izkIr fd, x, leqnz ry ds e/; nkc vkSj 58 feuV izfr lSdaM dh vf/kdre iouksa ds lkFk mM+hlk esa vk, egkpØokr dh fodklkRed fLFkfr;ksa dks izLrqr djrk gSA bl fun’kZ ls vfuok;Z vfHky{k.kksa uker% m".k ØksM] dsanz vkSj dsanz fHkfRr izfr:i.k] gjhdsu ØksM iouksa dks izkIr fd;k x;k gSA ;g fun’kZ pØokr ds LFky Hkkx esa izos’k djus ds mijkar ml LFky ds fudV 40 ls-eh- izfrfnu dh vf/kdre o"kkZ dk iwokZuqeku yxk ldrk gS A ;g fun’kZ 24 ?kaVksa es 120 fd-eh- =qfV;ksa vkSj 120 ?kaVksa esa 0 fd-eh- dh deh ds lkFk egkpØokr ds iFk dk ,dne lgh vkdyu izLrqr djrk gSA
In this study NCAR MM5 with the cumulus parameterization scheme of Kain-Fritsch is used to simulate the evaluation of Orissa Super Cyclone for the period 25-30 October 1999. The NCAR MM5 with two-way nested horizontal domains of 90, 30 and 10 km are integrated for five days starting from 0000 UTC of 25 October, 1999. The initial and boundary conditions for this study have been taken from NCEP FNL analysis data available at 1° resolution.
The model simulation produces the development of the Orissa Super Cyclone with attained central sea level pressure of 954 hPa and maximum wind of 58 msec-1. The essential characteristics such as warm core, eye and eye-wall simulation, hurricane core winds were obtained by the model. The model could predict a maximum rainfall of 40 cm/day near the landfall point. The model produces a very good estimate of track with errors of 120 km at 24 hours and decreasing to 0 km at 120 hours.
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Al-Zubaidi, Salah, Jaharah A.Ghani, Che Hassan Che Haron, M. N. Mohammed, Adnan Naji Jameel Al-Tamimi, Samaher M.Sarhan, Mohd Shukor Salleh, M. Abdulrazaq, and Oday I. Abdullah. "Development of Hybrid Intelligent Models for Prediction Machining Performance Measure in End Milling of Ti6Al4V Alloy with PVD Coated Tool under Dry Cutting Conditions." Lubricants 10, no. 10 (September 25, 2022): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants10100236.
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Ti6Al4V alloy is widely used in aerospace and medical applications. It is classified as a difficult to machine material due to its low thermal conductivity and high chemical reactivity. In this study, hybrid intelligent models have been developed to predict surface roughness when end milling Ti6Al4V alloy with a Physical Vapor Deposition PVD coated tool under dry cutting conditions. Back propagation neural network (BPNN) has been hybridized with two heuristic optimization techniques, namely: gravitational search algorithm (GSA) and genetic algorithm (GA). Taguchi method was used with an L27 orthogonal array to generate 27 experiment runs. Design expert software was used to do analysis of variances (ANOVA). The experimental data were divided randomly into three subsets for training, validation, and testing the developed hybrid intelligent model. ANOVA results revealed that feed rate is highly affected by the surface roughness followed by the depth of cut. One-way ANOVA, including a Post-Hoc test, was used to evaluate the performance of three developed models. The hybrid model of Artificial Neural Network-Gravitational Search Algorithm (ANN-GSA) has outperformed Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Artificial Neural Network-Genetic Algorithm (ANN-GA) models. ANN-GSA achieved minimum testing mean square error of 7.41 × 10−13 and a maximum R-value of 1. Further, its convergence speed was faster than ANN-GA. GSA proved its ability to improve the performance of BPNN, which suffers from local minima problems.
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LAL, R. P., and SURESH RAM. "Compilation of ozonesonde observation over Schirmacher oasis east Antarctic from 1999-2007." MAUSAM 64, no. 4 (December 20, 2021): 613–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v64i4.744.
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Hkkjr ekSle foKku foHkkx }kjk Hkkjrh; bysDVªks&dsfedy vkstksulkSans dh enn ls ,aVkdZfVdk ij Hkkjr ds nwljs LVs'ku eS=h ¼70-7 fMxzh n-] 11-7 fMxzh iw-½ ls vkstksu fLFkfr ¼izksQkby½ dk fu;fer eki fd;k tk jgk gSA ok;qeaMy ds mnxz LraHk esa vkstksu ds ?kuRo dh x.kuk iwjs o"kZ esa fy, x, lkIrkfgd vkstksu lkmfUMax ls dh tkrh gSA ok;qeaMyh; vkstksu dh mnxz fLFkfr ¼izksQkby vkSj vkstksu fNnz ¼gksy½ dh fo'ks"krkvksa dk v/;;u djus ds fy, flracj&vDVwcj ekg ds nkSjku cgqr ckj ifjKfIr;k¡ ¼lkmfUMax½ yh xbZ gSaA bl 'kks/k i= esa lrg ls 10 gsDVk ik- ds chp vkstksu vkSj rkieku ds ekfld ,oa okf"kZd vkSlr esa fofo/krk dh x.kuk ,oa fo'ys"k.k o"kZ 1999 ls 2007 dh vof/k esa fy, vkstksulkSans vkjksg.kksa ls fd;k x;k gSA bl v/;;u ls irk pyk gS fd vkstksu fNnz ds laca/k esa xgu vo{k; vDrwcj esa vkSj vYi ijUrq egRoiw.kZ vo{k; flracj ekg esa gqvk gSA vDrwcj esa yxHkx 250 ,oa 20 gs-ik- ds chp lcls lqLi"V vo{k; gqvk gS ftlesa vf/kdre LFkkuh; vkstksu ds Lrj esa 70 gs-ik- vkSj 10 gs- ik- ds Lrjksa ij vkSj flrEcj esa 70 gs- ik- ij fxjkoV ns[kh xbZA fHkUu&fHkUu nkc Lrjksa ds fy, vkstksu dk rkieku ds lkFk lglaca/k ls ubZ tkudkfj;ksa vkSj vkstksu ifjorZu esa foLrkj dk irk pyk gSA iwjs o"kZ esa 300 ls 50 gs- ik- ds chp U;wure okf"kZd vkSlr rkieku -55 fMxzh ls -63 fMxzh lsaVhxzsM rd cnyrk gSA vxLr vkSj flrEcj ds eghuksa esa 70 gs- ik- rFkk 100 gs- ik- Lrjksa ij rkieku dk -80 fMxzh lsaVhxzsM ls de gksuk ,oa vDrwcj ekg esa 70 gs- ik- rFkk 100 gs- ik- Lrjksa ij yxHkx -70 fMxzh lsaVhxzsM ls de gksus dh fLFkfr dks vDrwcj ekg esa vkst+ksu vo{k; ds ladsrd ds :i esa ekuk tk ldrk gSA
Regular ozone profile measurement over Antarctica has been made by India Meteorological Department over Indian second station Maitri (70.7° S, 11.7° E) with the help of Indian electro-chemical ozonesonde. Ozone density in the vertical column of the atmosphere is computed with weekly ozone soundings taken throughout the year. During the month of September- October more frequent soundings were taken to study vertical profile of atmospheric ozone and features of ozone hole. The mean monthly and yearly variation of ozone and temperature from surface to 10 hPa has been computed and analyzed from the ozonesonde ascents for the period 1999 to 2007. The study has shown profound depletion in October and lesser but substantial depletion in September, in association with the ozone hole. Depletion is most pronounced between about 250 and 20 hPa in October, with maximum local ozone losses near 70 hPa & 100 hPa levels and in September at 70 hPa. Ozone correlations with temperature for several pressure levels have revealed new insights into the causes and extent of ozone change. Lowest annual mean temperature varies from -55 to -63 °C between 300 to 50 hPa in all the year. The temperature less than -80 °C in months of August & September at 70 hPa & 100 hPa levels and about -70 °C in month of October at 70 hPa & 100 hPa levels can be attributed as an indicator of ozone depletion in months of October
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JASWAL, A. K., and A. L. KOPPAR. "Climatology and trends in near-surface wind speed over India during 1961-2008." MAUSAM 64, no. 3 (July 1, 2013): 417–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v64i3.725.
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bl 'kks/k i= esa o"kZ 1961 ls 2008 ds nkSjku Hkkjr esa lrg ds fudV iou xfr esa gq, ifjorZuksa dk fo’ys"k.k fd;k x;k gSA 171 LVs’kuksa ds ekfld iou xfr vkadM+ksa ds fo’ys"k.k ls izkIr ifj.kke crkrs gSa fd Hkkjr ds vf/kdrj LVs’kuksa ij iou xfr esa ekfld vkSj okf"kZd nksuksa gh fLFkfr;kssa esa egRoiw.kZ :i ls deh ns[kh xbZ gSA lewps Hkkjr esa okf"kZd iou xfr ek/; dk vkSlr o"kZ 1961 ds 9-7 fd-eh- izfr ?kaVk ls ?kVdj o"kZ 2008 esa 5-0 fd-eh- izfr ?kaVk gks x;k gS tks 49 izfr’kr dh deh dks n’kkZrk gSA lewps Hkkjr esa iou xfr ds okf"kZd vkSlr esa fxjkoV dh vkSlr nj &0-88 fd-eh- izfr ?kaVk izfr n’kd ikbZ xbZ gSA ekfld iSekus ij lcls vf/kd fxjkoV dh nj twu esa ¼&1-33 fd-eh- izfr ?kaVk izfr n’kd½ vkSj lcls de vDrwcj esa ¼&0-60 fd-eh- izfr?kaVk izfr n’kd½ ikbZ xbZ gSA LFkkfud rkSj ij lcls vf/kd fxjkoV if’peh Hkkjr] nf{k.kh izk;}hi rFkk leqnz rVh; {ks=ksa esa ikbZ xbZ gS tcfd e/; nf{k.k iwoZ ,oa iwokZsRrj Hkkjr esa iou xfr esa de ifjorZu ns[kk x;k gSA iou xfr esa egRoiw.kZ :i ls fxjkoV eq[;r% xqtjkr] egkjk"Vª] rfeyukMq] mRrjh dukZVd] rVh; mM+hlk ,oa rVh; if’pe caxky ds {ks=ksa esa ikbZ xbZ gS ftuesa iou xfr dk okf"kZd vkSlr Hkh vf/kd ik;k x;k gSA 15 fd-eh- izfr ?kaVk ls vf/kd okf"kZd vkSlr okyh iou xfr;ka dsoy xqtjkr vkSj rfeyukMq esa izsf{kr dh xbZ gSaA jktLFkku] if’pe e/; izns’k] egkjk"Vª] mRrjh dukZVd rFkk lehiorhZ vka/kz izns’k ds dqN Hkkxksa vkSj if’peh ,oa iwohZ rVh; fdukjksa ds dqN Hkkxksa esa iou xfr 10 ls 15 fd-eh- izfr ?kaVk jghA mRrj Hkkjr esa okf"kZd vkSlr iou xfr 10 fd-eh- izfr ?kaVk ls vf/kd okys LVs’ku ux.; gSaA
bl 'kks/k i= esa Hkkjr ds fofHkUu {ks=ksa esa iouksa ds tyok;q foKku ,oa blds nh?kZ vof/k izo`fRr;ksa dk ewY;kadu fd;k x;k gS tgka iou 'kfDr dk ykHkizn rjhds ls mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA blds fy, izeq[k {ks= xqtjkr ,oa lehiorhZ e/; izns’k] nf{k.kh jktLFkku] mRrjh egkjk"Vª] mRrjh dukZVd] nf{k.kh rfeyukMq] rVh; vka/kz izns’k rFkk if’peh rV ij xqtjkr ls xksok rd vkSj iwohZ rV ij dksydkrk ls ukxiV~ue rd ds rVh; {ks= gSaA
This study analyses near-surface wind speed changes in India during 1961 to 2008. Consisting of monthly wind speed data of 171 stations, the results show that most of the stations in India have experienced significant weakening of wind speed, both at monthly and annual timescales. All-India averaged annual mean wind speed has decreased from 9.7 kmph in 1961 to 5.0 kmph in 2008 resulting in a 49% decrease. All India averaged rate of decrease in annual mean wind speed is -0.88 kmph/decade. On monthly scale, the largest rate of decline is in June (-1.33 kmph/decade) and the smallest is in October (-0.60 kmph/decade). Spatially, large declines are found in western India, south peninsula and the coastal areas while central, southeast and northeast India have the lesser change in wind speed. Significant weakening of wind speed has occurred primarily in regions along Gujarat, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, north Karnataka, coastal Orissa and coastal West Bengal which also have higher annual mean wind speed. Annual mean wind speeds exceeding 15 kmph are observed only over Gujarat and south Tamil Nadu. Some parts of Rajasthan, west Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, north Karnataka and adjoining Andhra Pradesh and some pockets along west and east coasts experience wind speeds of 10-15 kmph. Stations having annual mean wind speed exceeding 10 kmph are rare in north India.
The study evaluates climatology of winds and its long-term trends over various regions of India where wind power can be profitably utilised. The prominent regions are in Gujarat and adjoining Madhya Pradesh, south Rajasthan, north Maharashtra, north Karnataka, south Tamil Nadu, coastal Andhra Pradesh and along the west coast from Gujarat to Goa and along the east coast from Kolkata to Nagapatinam.
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Bernardin, Evans, Christopher Frewin, Richard Everly, Jawad Ul Hassan, and Stephen Saddow. "Demonstration of a Robust All-Silicon-Carbide Intracortical Neural Interface." Micromachines 9, no. 8 (August 18, 2018): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi9080412.
Full textAbstract:
Intracortical neural interfaces (INI) have made impressive progress in recent years but still display questionable long-term reliability. Here, we report on the development and characterization of highly resilient monolithic silicon carbide (SiC) neural devices. SiC is a physically robust, biocompatible, and chemically inert semiconductor. The device support was micromachined from p-type SiC with conductors created from n-type SiC, simultaneously providing electrical isolation through the resulting p-n junction. Electrodes possessed geometric surface area (GSA) varying from 496 to 500 K μm2. Electrical characterization showed high-performance p-n diode behavior, with typical turn-on voltages of ~2.3 V and reverse bias leakage below 1 nArms. Current leakage between adjacent electrodes was ~7.5 nArms over a voltage range of −50 V to 50 V. The devices interacted electrochemically with a purely capacitive relationship at frequencies less than 10 kHz. Electrode impedance ranged from 675 ± 130 kΩ (GSA = 496 µm2) to 46.5 ± 4.80 kΩ (GSA = 500 K µm2). Since the all-SiC devices rely on the integration of only robust and highly compatible SiC material, they offer a promising solution to probe delamination and biological rejection associated with the use of multiple materials used in many current INI devices.
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Kumabe, Toshihiro, Uichi Kaneko, Takao Ishibashi, Kou Kaneko, and Shin'ya Uchigasaki. "Two Cases of Giant Serpentine Aneurysm." Neurosurgery 26, no. 6 (June 1, 1990): 1027–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-199006000-00018.
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Abstract Giant serpentine aneurysm (GSA) is an entity defined on radiological and pathological grounds as a giant, partially thrombosed aneurysm containing tortuous vascular channels. We have had the opportunity to study two patients with GSAs, which has allowed for a complete comparative anatomical and radiological study. This report emphasizes the etiology of the GSAs. Twenty-two patients with GSAs have been reported in the literature, of which pathological studies were done in 10. In most of these, the aneurysm was found to be filled with an organized thrombus, but in our patients the aneurysm was filled with relatively new clot. The aneurysm enlarged and a change in the tortuous vascular channel was observed over a period of 1 year in the first patient, whereas a globoid aneurysm developed into a GSA in the brief period of just 2 weeks in the second patient. This rapid transformation of a globoid aneurysm into a GSA is of particular interest when the etiology of GSAs is considered. Our patients therefore shed some interesting light on the possible pathophysiology of GSAs. That is, the bloodstream may change dynamically in a giant aneurysm and may become a serpentine channel under conditions that lead to a “Coanda effect.”
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SAMUI, R. P., R. BALASUBRAMANIAN, P. S. KULKARNI, A. M. SHEKH, and PIARA SINGH. "Use of PNUTGRO model for optimization of sowing date and plant spacing to maximize yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)." MAUSAM 57, no. 2 (November 25, 2021): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v57i2.477.
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Lkkj & ihuVxzks ¼ih- ,u- ;w- Vh- th- vkj- vks-½ ekWMy dh izkekf.kdrk fl) djus ds fy, 1987 - 90 ds nkSjku vkuan] xqtjkr esa {ks=h; iz;ksx fd, x, gSaA bl ekWMy dk mi;ksx ew¡xQyh dh QhuksykWth] c<+ksrjh] fodkl vkSj iSnkokj dk iwokZuqeku yxkus ds fy, fd;k x;k gSSA ew¡xQyh ds izfr:fir iq"iu] isfxax] Qyh cuus vkSj Qyh idus dh frfFk;ksa] i.khZ {ks=Qy lwpdkad ¼,y- ,- vkbZ-½ tSoHkkj] 'kSfyax dk izfr’kr rFkk iSnkokj dh rqyuk rhu i)fr;ksa uker% th- ,- ;w- th- 10] th- ,- ;w- th- 2 vkSj vkj- vk-sa - 33 - 1 ls izkIr gq, iszf{kr ekuksa ds lkFk dh xbZ gSA izfr:fir ?kVukØe ls iq"iu ds fy, ,d fnu deh rFkk ik¡p fnu dh c<+r dk] isfxxa ds fy, 2 ls 6 fnuksa dh c<+r] Qyh cuus ds fy, 3 fnu dh deh rFkk 6 fnuksa dh c<+r dk vkSj Qyh idus ds fy, 6 fnu dh deh rFkk 5 fnu rd dh c<+r dk varj ik;k x;k gSA okLrfod ekuksa dh rqyuk esa bl ekWMy ls i.khZ {ks=Qy lwpdkad 91-8 ls 105-8 izfr’kr vkSj 'kSfyax dk izfr’kr 81-5 ls 109-8 ik;k x;k gSA bl ekWMy ls ew¡xQyh dh iSnkokj izsf{kr ekuksa dh rqyuk esa 88-5 ls 112-7 izfr’kr rd ikbZ xbZ gSA bl ekWMy ls izkIr ifj.kkeksa ds vk/kkj ij ij yxkrkj pkj Qlyksa vkSj _rqvksa ds laca/k esa ew¡xQyh dh QhuksYkWkth] c<+ksrjh] fodkl vkSj iSnkokj ds ckjs esa iwokZuqeku larks"ktud ik;k x;k gSA ew¡xQyh dh izsf{kr vkSj izfr:fir iSnkokj ds chp 11 izfr’kr dh ?kVc<+ ikbZ xbZ gS ftlls irk pyrk gS fd ekWMy ds vk/kkj ij fd;k x;k iwokZuqeku larks"ktud gSA ,y- ,- vkbZ- dks NksMdj okLrfod ekuksa vkSj izsf{kr ekuksa esa varj ¼Mh-½ 0-03 vkSj 1-77 ds chp jgk gS ftlls ekWMy ds larks"ktud dk;Z djus dk irk pyrk gSA izfr:i.k v/;;uksa ds ifj.kkeksa ls irk pyrk gS fd tc vf/kd o"kkZ gksus dhs laHkkouk gks rks ew¡xQyh ds chtksa dh lkekU; nwjh rFkk cqokbZ ds lkekU; le; dh vis{kk chtksa dks vf/kd ikl&ikl cksdj rFkk cqokbZ yxHkx ,d lIrkg igys djds ew¡xQyh dh vf/kd iSnkokj izkIr dh tk ldrh gSA
Field experiments were conducted at Anand, Gujarat during 1987-90 to validate the PNUTGRO model. The model was used to predict phenology, growth, development and yield of groundnut. The simulated flowering, pegging, pod formation and pod maturity dates, leaf area index (LAI), biomass, shelling % and pod yield of groundnut were compared with the observed values for three cultivars viz., GAUG 10, GAUG 2 and Ro-33-1. The simulated phenological events showed a deviation of –1 to +5 days for flowering, +2 to +6 days for peg formation, -3 to +6 days for pod formation and –6 to +5 days for pod maturity of the crop. The model estimated leaf area index within 91.8 to 105.8% and shelling percentage within 81.5 to 109.8% of the actual values. The model simulated the pod yields within 88.5 to 112.7% of the observed values. The results obtained with the model for the four consecutive crops and seasons revealed satisfactory prediction of phenology, growth, development and yield of groundnut. The percent error between observed and simulated pod yield was 11% which indicated satisfactory prediction by the model. The degree of agreement (d) ranged between 0.03 and 1.77 except for LAI indicating satisfactory performance of the model.
Results of simulation studies indicated that when there is a possibility of high rainfall higher pod yield can be achieved by adopting closer spacing and early sowing (one week earlier than normal date of sowing) compared to normal spacing and date of sowing.
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MUTHURAMALINGAM, E., SANJAY KUMAR, and R. D. VASHISTHA. "Influence of data burst collision on transmission of AWS data through satellite." MAUSAM 57, no. 3 (November 26, 2021): 499–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v57i3.494.
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lkj & Lopkfyr ekSle dsanz ¼,-MCY;w- ,l-½ og iz.kkyh gS ftlesa losndksa ds lkFk ml {ks= dh mi iz.kkyh vkSj lapkj midj.k lEc) :Ik ls dk;Z djrs gSa tks Lopkfyr :Ik ls vkSj yxkrkj lgh le;kuqlkj ml LFkku dh ekSle dh fLFkfr;ksa dh eki djrs gSa rFkk ekSle foKku ds ekin.Mksa ds vuqlkj ?kaVkokj fy, x, izs{k.kksa dks dasnz ls tqM+s mixzg ds }kjk dsanzh; LVs’ku dks rhu ckj Lo;a fu/kkZfjr i)fr }kjk vxyk izs{k.k ysus ds iwoZ 60 feuV ds vUnj fu/kkZfjr 10&10 feuV ds vUrjky ij fcuk fdlh Øe ds vkHkklh ladsrksa dkss Hkstrs jgrs gSa A dHkh dHkh nks ;k vf/kd Lopkfyr ekSle dsanzksa ls vk¡dM+s ,d gh le; esa laizsf"kr gksus ij muds fefJzr gks tkus ds dkj.k ,- MCY;w- ,l- ds vk¡dM+s Bhd ls izkIr ugha gks ikrs gSa A eq[;r;k ,- MCY;w- ,l- ds vk¡dM+ksa dk lafeJ.k muds laizs"k.k ds le; vFkok laizs"k.k dh xfr latky esa ,- MCY;w- ,l- dh la[;k rFkk ,- MCY;w- ,l- ds vk¡dM+ksa ds lafeJ.k dh ek=k ij fuHkZj djrk gS A bl ’kks/k Ik= esa ,- MCY;w- ,l- ds vk¡dM+ksa ds mixzg ds ek/;e ls laizsf"kr vk¡dM+ksa ds lkFk vkil esa lafefJr gks tkus ls iM+us okys izHkko ds ckjs esa crk;k x;k gS A ”
Automatic Weather Station (AWS) is a system consisting of sensors, associated field sub-systems and communication equipment, which automatically and continuously measure real time surface weather conditions and sends three times the hourly observed meteorological parameters to the central station through satellite link in a self timed pseudo random manner in its prescribed 10 minute time slot within the next 60 minutes before the next observation takes place. Loss of AWS data is due to collision of data burst transmitted simultaneously by any two or more AWS. Generally, the collision of AWS data burst depends upon the transmission time or transmission baud rate, number of AWS in a network and total number of bits in AWS data burst. This paper describes the influence of data burst collision on transmission of AWS data through satellite.
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Lestari, Nur Dwi, Pardoyo Pardoyo, and Agus Subagio. "Sintesis dan Karakterisasi CNT (Carbon Nanotube) Berdopan Logam Kobalt." Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 17, no. 3 (December 1, 2014): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jksa.17.3.80-85.
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Telah dilakukan penelitian sintesis dan karakterisasi CNT (Carbon Nanotube) dengan doping logam kobalt. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan karakter CNT sebelum dan setelah didoping dengan variasi konsentrasi logam 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% dan 50%. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah impregnasi basah yang meliputi perendaman pada larutan logam dan kalsinasi. Hasil impregnasi dianalisis menggunakan Fourier Transform-Infra Red (FT-IR), GSA (Gas Sorption Analysis), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) dan Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS). Analisis FT-IR menunjukkan adanya vibrasi ulur dari ikatan Co-C dan Co-O. Hasil GSA menunjukkan bahwa CNT loading 30% mempunyai luas permukaan tertinggi yaitu 69,192 m2/g. Hasil SEM-EDS menunjukkan bahwa morfologi permukaan dinding CNT ditutupi aggregat-aggregat kobalt. Pada hasil EDS fraksi kobalt dihasilkan adalah 1,96 % yang nilainya tidak jauh berbeda dari fraksi Fe yaitu 1,49%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa CNT doping logam Co menggunakan metode impregnasi basah tidak efektif.
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SINGH, O. P., K. RUPA KUMAR, P. K. MISHRA, K. KRISHNA KUMAR, and S. K. PATWARDHAN. "Simulation of characteristic features of Asian summer monsoon using a regional climate model." MAUSAM 57, no. 2 (November 25, 2021): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v57i2.469.
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Lkkj & bl 'kks/k&i= esa HkweaMyh; tyok;q ifjorZu ds ifj.kkeLo:i 'krkCnh ds e/; ¼2041&60½ ds nkSjku ,f’k;kbZ xzh"edkyhu ekulwu ds fof’k"V y{k.kksa dk iwokZuqeku djus ds mÌs’; ls vuqdj.k iz;ksxksa ds ifj.kke izLrqr fd, x, gSaA blds fy, gSMys tyok;q iwokZuqeku vkSj vuqla/kku dsUnz] ;w- ds- dk {ks=h; tyok;q ekWMy gSM vkj- ,e- 2 dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k gSA ,f’k;kbZ {ks= ds fy, 20 o"kksZa dh vof/k ds nks vuqdj.k iz;ksx fd, x, gSa uker% igyk] 1990 Lrjksa ds vuq:i xzhu gkml xSl lkanz.k dh fu/kkZfjr ek=k] ftls dUVªksy ¼lh- Vh- ,y-½ iz;ksx dgk x;k gS vkSj nwljk 1990 ls ysdj 2041&60 rd ds fy, xzhu gkml xSl lkanz.k ds okf"kZd feJ.k esa 1 izfr’kr dh o`f) lesr ftls vkxs xzhu gkml xSl ¼th- ,p- th-½ iz;ksx dgk x;k gSA xzhu gkml xSl lkanz.k esa okf"kZd feJ.k esa 1 izfr’kr dh o`f) tyok;q ifjorZu ds var% ljdkjh iSuy vkbZ- ih- lh- lh- }kjk rS;kj dh xbZ ;kstuk ls yh xbZ gSA
bu iz;ksxksa ls 'krkCnh ds e/; ds nkSjku ,f’k;kbZ xzh"edkyhu ekulwu esa ik, tkus okys fof’k"V y{k.kksa esa gksus okys dqN ifjorZuksa dk irk pyk gS ftudk c<+s gq, ekuotfur mRltZdksa ds dkj.k gksuk LokHkkfor gSA lewph ekulwu _rq ds nkSjku Hkkjrh; {ks= ij fuEu {kksHk eaMy ¼850 gSDVkikLdy½ esa ekulwu nzks.kh ¼,e- Vh- ½ dk mRrj dh vksj lkekU; :i ls c<+uk lcls vf/kd egRoiw.kZ ifjorZu izrhr gksrk gSA vuqdj.k ifj.kkeksa ls ekulwu _rq ds nkSjku vjc lkxj esa leqnz Lrj nkc ¼,l- ,y- ih-½ esa yxHkx 1&2 gS- ik- dh o`f) dk irk pyk gS ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i fuEu {kksHk eaMy esa vlkekU; izfrpØokr gksrs gSaA bldk vFkZ ;g gqvk fd fuEu Lrjh; tsV ¼,y- ,y- ts-½ vkSj vjc lkxj esa ekulwu dh /kkjk det+ksj iM+ tkrh gSA
;g ekWMy m".krj leqnz lrg dh fLFkfr;ksa esa fgan egklkxj ds mRrj esa ekulwuh pØokrh; fo{kksHkksa dh vko`fr esa deh dks vuqdfjr djrk gS tks gky gh ds n’kdksa esa ekulwu ds vonkcksa dh vko`fr esa deh dh izo`fr;ksa ds vuq:i ikbZ xbZ gSA
bu iz;ksxksa ls ;g irk pyrk gS fd ikfdLrku vkSj mlds lehiorhZ mRrjh if’peh Hkkjr ds Åij Å"ek fuEunkc rhoz gks ldrk gS vkSj ekulwu _rq ds nkSjku FkksM+k iwoZ dh vksj c<+ ldrh gSA ;g ekWMy] Hkkjrh; leqnz ds nf{k.kh Hkkxksa esa 8° & 10° m- ds chp 100 gS- ik- ¼Vh- bZ- ts- dksj dk Lrj½ ij fo’ks"kdj ekulwu ds iwokZ)Z ds nkSjku m".kdfVca/kh; iwokZfHkeq[kh tsV¼Vh- bZ- ts-½ dks izHkkfor djrk gSA
The paper presents the results of simulation experiments aimed at predicting the characteristic features of Asian Summer Monsoon during the middle of the century (2041-60) resulting from global climate change. The model used is HadRM2 regional climate model of the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research, UK. Two simulation experiments of 20 years length have been performed for the Asian domain, namely, one with a fixed amount of greenhouse gas concentration corresponding to 1990 levels called the 'control' (CTL) experiment and the other with the annual compound increase of 1 % in the greenhouse gas concentration for 2041-60 from 1990 onwards called the 'greenhouse gas' (GHG) experiment. The annual compound increment of 1 %, in the greenhouse gas concentration has been adopted from the projection given by the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC).
The experiments have brought out some of the changes in the characteristic features of mid-century Asian summer monsoons that are expected to occur due to increased anthropogenic emissions. The most significant change seems to be a general northward shift of the monsoon trough (MT) in the lower troposphere (850 hPa) throughout the monsoon season over the Indian region. The simulation results have shown an increase of about 1-2 hPa in the sea level pressure (SLP) over the Arabian Sea during the monsoon resulting in an anomalous anticyclone over there in the lower troposphere. This would mean the weakening of Low Level Jet (LLJ) and the Arabian sea branch of the monsoon current.
The model has simulated a decrease in the frequency of the monsoonal cyclonic disturbances over the north Indian Ocean under the warmer sea surface conditions which conforms to the observed decreasing trends in the frequency of monsoon depressions in recent decades.
The experiments have shown that the Heat Low over Pakistan and adjoining northwest India, may intensify and shift slightly eastward during the monsoon. The model has simulated the strengthening of Tropical Easterly Jet (TEJ) at 100 hPa (the location of TEJ core ) over the southern parts of Indian sea between 8° - 10° N, especially during the first half of the monsoon season.
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Sugden, M. C., M. J. Holness, and L. G. Fryer. "Differential regulation of glycogen synthase by insulin and glucose in vivo in skeletal muscles of the rat." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 273, no. 3 (September 1997): E479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1997.273.3.e479.
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Glucose 6-phosphate (G-6-P)-independent glycogen synthase (GSa) and glycogen synthase (GS) total activities were measured in muscles from 24-h-starved rats. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests (0.5 g/kg body wt) were used to produce physiological, transient increases in insulin and glucose concentrations. GS activation occurred at approximately 10 min after glucose administration with peak activation at approximately 15 min. GS activation was reversed approximately 15 min after insulin and glucose concentrations had returned to basal. No differences existed between fast- and slow-twitch muscles. Hyperinsulinemia (approximately 160 mU/ml) in the absence of hyperglycemia elicited 1.5-fold activation of GS (P < 0.001) in two of three fast-twitch muscles but did not activate GS in slow-twitch muscles. Glucose infusion (glycemia approximately 8 mM; insulin approximately 40 mU/ml) significantly (P < 0.01) increased the percentage of total GS in the GSa form in four of the five muscles. Hyperglycemia with modest hyperinsulinemia evoked greater enhancement of GSa activity in fast-twitch muscle than insulin alone at a higher concentration (P < 0.01). In summary, hyperinsulinemia without hyperglycemia does not result in maximal activation of GS in fast-twitch muscle, and a rise in glycemia is obligatory for GS activation by insulin in slow-twitch muscle. The data support an important role for glycemia in modulating the response of skeletal muscle GS to insulin and provide further evidence of heterogeneity among skeletal muscle types.
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Gunawan, Hero, and Budi Sudiarto. "SIMULASI PERBANDINGAN PERUBAHAN TILT TERHADAP ENERGI ARRAY PADA 34 UNIT PLTS ROOFTOP 100 KWP DI INDONESIA." Citizen : Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Indonesia 2, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.53866/jimi.v2i1.27.
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One of the activities to developing the use of rooftop solar panels in Indonesia in accordance with the mandate of RUEN is the mandatory use of solar cells at a minimum of 30% of the roof area for all government buildings. In this regard, good planning related to engineering is needed, one of which is the orientation and tilt aspects used. In International, to assist countries in achieving sustainable development goals for new and renewable energy, the World Bank Group partnered with Solargis, releasing a web-based application called Global Solar Atlas (GSA) with optimum tilt and energy arrays as research references. From this study, it was found that tilt changes greatly affect the resulting array energy, an average change of 10 from 00-160 can result in changes in addition of up to 578 kWh and reduction of up to 483 kWh. The largest array energy potential value is located in the province of Bali at 16.5872 kWh and the smallest in West Kalimantan at 12.1924 kWh., while compared to the modeling in the GSA application, the largest array energy value is in NTT with a value of 16.5673 kWh and the smallest is in East Kalimantan with rated 12.1843 kWh. The tilt value in Indonesia from 34 simulated locations is at 00-130 and is still in the tilt range in Indonesia according to the GSA application, which is 00-140.
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SIKKA, D. R. "Major advances in understanding and prediction of tropical cyclones over north Indian Ocean : A Perspective." MAUSAM 57, no. 1 (November 25, 2021): 165–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v57i1.466.
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lkj & mRrjh fgUn egklkxj esa m".kdfVca/kh pØokrksa ij fd, x, vuqla/kku xr 150 o"kksZa esa fofHkUu pj.kksa ls xqtjs gSa vkSj vf/kd rFkk csgrj izs{k.kksa dks fodflr djus ds fy, izkS|ksfxdh ds :Ik es bldk fodkl fd;k x;k gSA 20oha 'krkCnh ds e/; rd leqnz esa bl vkinkdkjh ifj?kVuk ds cuus vkSj blds rhoz gksus dh tkudkjh iksrksa esa gh dqN gn rd fojyrk ls izkIr gksus okys izs{k.kksa ds ek/;e ls feyrh Fkh vkSj blfy, 1960 ds n’kd rd Hkkjr esa fd, x, vf/kdka’k vuqla/kku v/;;uksa esa pØokrksa ds tyok;q foKku] mudh /kjkryh; lajpuk] mudh xfr vkSj leqnz esa tgktksa dks ig¡qpkusa okyh {kfr dks vuns[kk djus okys fu;eksa ij vf/kd cy fn;k x;k FkkA ekSle jsMkj] mifjru ok;q ifjKkiuksa] vuqla/kku ok;q;ku losZ{k.k ekSle mixzgksa vkSj daI;wVjksa ds ek/;e ls izkIr dh xbZ ubZ ok;qeaMyh; izks|ksfxdh ds izLrqrhdj.k ls 1950 ds n’kd ls ysdj 1980 ds n’kd ds nkSjku fofHkUu ns’kksa ds m".kdfVca/kh pØokr vuqla/kku esa vk’p;Ztud :Ik ls ifjorZu vk;k gSA bl vof/k esa m".kdfVca/kh pØokrksa ds laiw.kZ mRifRr pØ dk izfr:i.k djus ds fy, lS)kafrd v/;;uksa vkSj daI;wVj fun’kksaZ ds fodkl esa lq/kkj ns[kk x;k gSA bl vof/k esa m".kdfVca/kh pØokr ds ekxZ dk iwokZuqeku yxkuk Hkh vuqla/kku dk ,d {ks= cu x;k gS vkSj 1950 ds n’kd ls ysdj 1980 ds n’kd ds nkSjku tyok;q foKku] flukfIVd lkaf[;dh; vkSj xfrdh; i)fr;ksa ij vk/kkfjr rduhdksa ds izdkjksa esa fujarj fodkl gqvk gS rFkk bUgsa ekU;rk feyh gSA xr 10 o"kksZa dh vof/k ds nkSjku fodflr ns’kksa esa HkweaMyh; ifjpkyu fun’kksZa esa fufgr ifj"Ñr mPp foHksnu ds fun’kksZa dk fodkl fd;k x;k gS vkSj ikjLifjd fØ;kvksa dh izfØ;k ds :Ik esa bl Ik)fr dk fodkl djus vkSj bldh xfr dk iwokZuqeku yxkus ds fy, budh tk¡p dh xbZ gSA ;s iw.kZ :i ls lgh ikbZ xbZ gSaA Hkkjr esa Hkh bl izdkj ds fodklksa dks viuk;k x;k gSA bl 'kks/k&i= esa m".kdfVca/kh pØokr ds fodkl vkSj bldh xfr esa lfUufgr izR;{k izfØ;kvksa ds laca/k esa fd, x, izeq[k fodklksa dh lwph miyC/k djkus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gSA lkekU; :Ik ls HkweaMyh; vuqla/kku ds {ks= esa fd, x, iz;kl fgan egklkxj csflu esa fd, tk jgs v/;;uksa ij dsafnzr jgs gSaA mRrjh fgan egklkxj esa m".kdfVca/kh pØokrksa ds vUr% nl o"khZ; fHkUurkvksa dh tk¡p dh xbZ gS vkSj 1980 ds n’kd ls budh xfr;ksa esa vDlj vR;kf/kd deh ns[kh xbZ gSA fgan egklkxj csflu esa m".k@'khr bulksa dh ?kVukvksa ds e/; dksbZ laca/k ugha ik;k x;k gSA izpaM m".kdfVca/kh pØokrksa ds fodkl vkSj xfr ds fy, vko’;d o`gr eku fLFkfr;ksa dh izÑfr ls lacaf/kr izs{k.kkRed vkSj lS}kafrd ekWMfyax i)fr;ksa esa daI;wVj izfr:i.kksa lfgr izs{k.kkRed vkSj lS)kafrd i)fr;ksa ls fHkUu fHkUu fopkjksa dk irk pyk gSA mRrjh fgan egklkxj csflu esa fd, x, vkSj vf/kd vuqla/kku dh vksj fo’ks"k /;ku nsus dh fn’kk esa dqN lq>ko fn, x, gSaA
Research on tropical cyclones in the north Indian Ocean has passed through different phases in the last 150 years and progress was made as the technology for more and better observations evolved. Till the middle of the 20th century, the only way of knowing about the formation and intensification of this disastrous phenomenon, while out at sea, was through rather sparse ship observations and hence the climatology of the cyclones, their surface structure, movement and the rules to avoid the damage to shipping at sea were emphasized in most of the research studies in India till 1960s. Introduction of new atmospheric technologies through weather radars, upper air soundings, weather satellites and computers have brought a phenomenal change in tropical cyclone research in different countries during 1950s to 1980s. The period also witnessed break-through in theoretical studies and the development of computer models to simulate the complete genesis cycle of tropical cyclones. Predicting the track of tropical cyclone also became an area of active research in this period and a variety of techniques were increasingly developed. During the last 10 years sophisticated high resolution models embedded within global circulation models have been developed in advanced countries and tested for predicting the development and movement of the system as an interactive process. In India, too such developments have been adopted. Within the scope of global research effort in general, the focus of the article is on the studies in north Indian Ocean basin. Inter-decadal variation of tropical cyclones in the north Indian Ocean has been examined and the frequency of their formations have shown drastic decrease since 1980s. No connection is found between the warm/cold ENSO events in the Indian Ocean basin and tropical cyclone frequency in the basin. Observational and theoretical approaches with computer simulations have brought a convergence of views concerning the nature of large-scale conditions needed for development and movement of severe tropical cyclones. Some suggestions are provided for directing special attention toward further research in this area in the north Indian Ocean basin.
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Setyorini, Agnidian, Suhartana Suhartana, and Pardoyo Pardoyo. "Natural Zeolite Modification using Dithizone and Its Application as Adsorbent of Cu(II)." Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 21, no. 2 (April 30, 2018): 98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jksa.21.2.98-101.
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Activation of zeolites with dithizone by reflux method was carried out at 50°C for 6 hours and the results were analyzed using FTIR and GSA. Furthermore, the modified zeolite dithizone was used to adsorb Cu2+ metal ions on variations of adsorption time of 5, 10, 15, 30 and 60 min, variation of adsorption pH 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 as well as variations in concentrations of 250, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm. The results showed that there was a vibrational shift and a new peak emerged on the FTIR zeolite activation spectrum and modified zeolite indicating that the dithizone was present in the zeolite. GSA analysis results show that the surface area of activated zeolite is greater than natural zeolite ie 4,205 m2/g and 5,459 m2/g respectively, whereas dithizone-zeolite had a much smaller surface area of 0.925 m2/g. The selectivity of adsorption of activated zeolite to Cu(II) was greater than of dithizone-zeolite. The optimum adsorption contact time was 10 min for dithizone-zeolite and 30 min for activated zeolite. The optimum adsorption pH was at pH 5 for both adsorbents, as well as the optimum adsorption concentration at 250 ppm for both adsorbents.
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Rahman, Aminur, Anne Austin, Iqbal Anwar, and Surasak Taneepanichskul. "Comparing trends of perinatal mortality in two rural areas of Matlab, Bangladesh." Journal of Health Research 35, no. 1 (April 6, 2020): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhr-06-2019-0123.
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PurposeSixteen million adolescents give birth each year, constituting 11% of all births worldwide. Adverse adolescent pregnancy outcomes are well-documented. Available data on adolescent pregnancies have mainly relied on self-reported age and retrospective survey data, which might not capture adolescent births accurately. This paper reports on trends in adolescent pregnancy and associated adverse birth outcomes in Matlab, Bangladesh, using data from the Matlab Heath and Demographic System (HDSS) which precisely documents maternal age.Design/methodology/approachThe study was conducted in the rural subdistrict of Matlab in Bangladesh. HDSS data were used to examine trends in adolescent motherhood (10–19 years) in the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b) service areas (ISA) and government service areas (GSA) between 2007 and 2015. A total of 4,996 adolescent mothers were included in the analysis. Chi-square testing and binary logistic regression were used to document adolescent pregnancy trends and the differences in and causes of perinatal death.FindingsThe fertility rate was 27 per 1000 adolescent mothers in ISA and 20 per 1000 adolescent mothers in GSA, during the 9 years of the study period. The adjusted odd of an adolescent mother having a perinatal death in ISA, relative to GSA was 0.69. Significant determinants of perinatal death among adolescent mothers included maternal education, paternal education, mother’s age at first birth, asset score and distance from the nearest health facility.Originality/valueThis paper documents the real trend of adolescent pregnancy by capturing the accurate age at pregnancy for the first time in Bangladesh.
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Gorojankina, Tatiana, Lucile Hoch, Hélène Faure, Hermine Roudaut, Elisabeth Traiffort, Angèle Schoenfelder, Nicolas Girard, et al. "Discovery, Molecular and Pharmacological Characterization of GSA-10, a Novel Small-Molecule Positive Modulator of Smoothened." Molecular Pharmacology 83, no. 5 (February 28, 2013): 1020–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/mol.112.084590.
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Otsuka, Goro, Shigeru Miyachi, Takashi Handa, Makoto Negoro, Takeshi Okamoto, Osamu Suzuki, and Jun Yoshida. "Endovascular trapping of giant serpentine aneurysms by using Guglielmi detachable coils. Successful reduction of mass effect." Journal of Neurosurgery 94, no. 5 (May 2001): 836–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2001.94.5.0836.
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✓ Giant serpentine aneurysms (GSAs) are defined as partially thrombosed giant aneurysms with persistent serpentine vascular channels. Surgical management of these rare lesions is difficult because of their large size, complex structure, and unique hemodynamics. The authors report two cases of patients harboring GSAs with mass effect, which were managed effectively with endovascular treatment. The first patient was a 48-year-old man who presented with left homonymous hemianopsia caused by a GSA involving the terminal portion of the right internal carotid artery. The second patient, a 10-year-old boy, presented with tetraparesis from compression of the cervicomedullary junction by a GSA of the right vertebral artery. In each case, after confirming collateral flow by temporarily occluding the proximal artery, the aneurysm was trapped by placement of Guglielmi detachable coils at the sites at which the serpentine channels entered and exited the aneurysm. The midportion of each channel was isolated completely without packing, to maximize resorption of the devascularized mass. Mass effect and clinical symptoms rapidly improved in both cases, with no associated morbidity. We recommend endovascular trapping as a safe and effective therapeutic option for GSAs.
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Lee, Hau-Wei, Chien Hung Liu, and Jenq-Shyong Chen. "Development of a High Precision Edge Alignment System for Touch-Panel Glass Substrates." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 6 (January 1, 2014): 904061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/904061.
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There are two kinds of alignment systems, marked and unmarked. The glass substrate for touch panels is categorized as an unmarked work piece. Vision based glass substrate alignment (GSA) relies on the edge of the glass. Traditional GSA systems compensate first for angular and then for linear error. This reduces alignment accuracy and increases alignment time and edge detection usually takes longer than 10 ms. This study proposes an effortless edge detection method. This method is very simple and can significantly reduce the time taken to detect the edge to about 6 ms using a 1.3 megapixel image. In this study, a floating center idea is used to control the glass substrate on a high precision coplanar XXY alignment stage. According to the method, users can set the rotation center anywhere as long as it is on the working ( xy) plane. Tolerance prognosis is also considered in this study to help the operator decide if the substrate is usable or should be rejected. The experimental results show alignment repeatability of the x, y, and θ axes to be 1 μm, 1 μm, and 5 arcsec, respectively.
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Zakharov, I. G., and L. F. Chernogor. "The global seismic activity influence on process in atmosphere and ionosphere." Kosmìčna nauka ì tehnologìâ 27, no. 5 (2021): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/knit2021.05.019.
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In recent decades, ideas about earthquakes (EQ) have been formed as a final stage of a planetary continuous self-organizing tectonic process with periods of accumulation and relaxation of tectonic stresses. However, the scientific literature still presents studies of the response of atmospheric and ionospheric processes to individual strong EQs. In this paper, for the first time, the relationship between processes in the lithosphere, troposphere, and ionosphere is considered, taking into account new ideas about the seismic process as a global phenomenon and on the background of processes caused by space weather. Both planetary data (EQ, total electron content (TEC) of the ionosphere) and data (atmospheric pressure, critical frequency of the F2 layer of the ionosphere) of widely spaced observation points in the western and eastern hemispheres were used. To increase the reliability of statistical results, 4 independent databases of daily data for 2007–2015 were used. Stable effects of global seismic activity (GSA) in the considered parameters are established. Thus, the critical frequency of the F2 region with a sharp increase in the GSA increases by 0.4–0.5 MHz. This effect is quite stable and manifests itself almost simultaneously at ionospheric stations of the eastern and western hemispheres, as well as in planetary TEC values. At the same time, in the ionospheric variations, as before, the influence of both the troposphere (especially at a low level of solar activity) and space weather is traced, the characteristics of which in 75 % of cases also show an association with GSA. Therefore, space weather often but not always can act as a trigger on the EQs. In general, in the western hemisphere, the minimum atmospheric pressure occurs earlier than in the eastern, which leads to a noticeable increase in the pressure difference between the hemispheres by 10 mm. Hg., that indicates the relationship between global seismicity and global atmospheric circulation. The established GSA effects, as a rule, have the character of not a local short-term burst, but a jump followed by a gradual decrease (increase) of the index until the next active period (saw-toothed curve), i.e., the influence of the lithosphere on the overlying layers is continuous and is cyclical in nature, probably due to the cyclical nature of tectonic processes. Most likely, several different couplings between geospheres are realized at the same time, partially synchronized by changes in space weather, which requires new physical mechanisms to explain them.
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Hansson, Charlotta, Karin Schön, Annemarie Hasselberg, and Nils Lycke. "A specific tolerance inducing vector for therapeutic treatment of autoimmune diseases (THER5P.842)." Journal of Immunology 192, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2014): 200.21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.192.supp.200.21.
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Abstract We have developed a novel platform for intranasal treatment of autoimmune diseases in which ADP-ribosylation determines whether immunity or tolerance is induced. Hence, cholera toxin A1-subunit based immunomodulation through the CTA1-peptide-DD fusion protein promotes enhancement, while inactive mutants induce suppression. Whereas the target population after intranasal administration of both constructs was CD103+CD11blow DC’s, both active and inactive mutants induced strong CD4 T cell priming, but they differentially affected CD4 T cell differentiation. This way inactive mutant constructs generated regulatory CD4 T cells producing IL-10 and effectively preventing experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), when carrying relevant peptides. Targeted DCs expressed low levels of CD80, CD86 and CD40, while, by contrast, ADP-ribosylating CTA1-peptide-DD constructs gave significantly enhanced co-stimulation. Suppression was global in that regulatory T cells following treatment were able to suppress adoptively transferred naïve CD4 T cells and could subsequently maintain tolerance. The use of specifically tolerance-inducing fusion proteins may be a way forward in the search of effective treatments against autoimmune diseases. The immunomodulating effect on the CD103+CD11blow DCs will be described and the requirement for CTA1-binding to Gsa evaluated in detail, using Cre-lox Gsa-deficient mice.
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Kesse, G. O. "The geological society of Africa—7th conference of African geology (GSA '85) Gaborone, Botswana, 4–10 November 1985." Journal of African Earth Sciences (1983) 5, no. 5 (January 1986): 551–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(86)90064-3.
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Cavalheri, Vinícius, Carlos Augusto Camillo, Fábio Pitta, Luiz Antonio Alves, Vanessa Suziane Probst, and Antonio Fernando Brunetto. "Influência do posicionamento de membros superiores sobre os efeitos do treinamento muscular inspiratório de curta duração e alta intensidade em indivíduos jovens sadios." Fisioterapia e Pesquisa 15, no. 4 (December 2008): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1809-29502008000400009.
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O objetivo do estudo foi analisar os efeitos de um treinamento muscular inspiratório (TMI) de curta duração e alta intensidade, com e sem o apoio de membros superiores, sobre as pressões respiratórias máximas em jovens saudáveis. Trinta jovens do sexo feminino foram aleatoriamente distribuídas em três grupos: o grupo controle (GC) fez treinamento placebo na posição sentada; o grupo GSA treinou em pé sem apoio de membros superiores; e o grupo GCA treinou com apoio de membros superiores. O TMI consistiu em três sessões diárias de 10 minutos em três dias consecutivos. Antes, ao final e após um mês do final do treino foram avaliadas a pressão inspiratória máxima (PImáx) e a pressão expiratória máxima (PEmáx). No GSA, houve aumento significante da PImáx após o treino de -75±10 para -97±14 cmH2O (p<0,001) e após um mês (-99±14 cmH2O; p<0,001). O mesmo ocorreu no GCA: a PImáx passou de -77±18 para -96±20 cmH2O (p<0,001), mantendo-se após um mês (-96±23 cmH2O, p<0,001). Não houve diferença entre a PImáx final dos dois grupos. Quanto à PEmáx, apenas no GCA houve aumento significante, de 99±16 para 112±16 cmH2O (p<0,05), seguida de diminuição após um mês (101±19 cmH2O, p<0,05). Em jovens saudáveis do sexo feminino, um TMI de curta duração e alta intensidade gera aumento da força muscular inspiratória independente do posicionamento dos braços; e aumento da força expiratória quando o treinamento é feito com os membros superiores apoiados.
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Hyun, Seung-Jae, Ki-Jeong Kim, and Tae-Ahn Jahng. "The differential effect of cervical kyphosis correction surgery on global sagittal alignment and health-related quality of life according to head- and trunk-balanced subtype." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 34, no. 6 (June 2021): 839–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2020.9.spine201309.
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OBJECTIVE No reports have investigated how cervical reconstructive surgery affects global sagittal alignment (GSA), including the lower extremities, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The study was aimed at elucidating the effects of cervical reconstruction on GSA and HRQOL. METHODS Twenty-three patients who underwent reconstructive surgery for cervical kyphosis were divided into a head-balanced group (n = 13) and a trunk-balanced group (n = 10) according to the values of the C7 plumb line, T1 slope (T1S), and pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis (PI-LL). Head-balanced patients are those with a negative C7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA), a larger LL than PI, and a low T1S. Trunk-balanced patients are those with a positive SVAC7, a normal PI-LL, and a normal to high T1S. Various sagittal Cobb angles, SVA, and lower-extremity alignment parameters were measured before and after surgery using whole-body stereoradiography. RESULTS Cervical malalignment was corrected to achieve cervical sagittal balance and occiput-trunk (OT) concordance (center of gravity [COG]–C7 SVA < 30 mm). Significant changes in the upper cervical spine and thoracolumbar spine were observed in the head-balanced group, but no significant change in lumbopelvic alignment was observed in the trunk-balanced group. Lower-extremity alignment did not change substantially in either group. HRQOL scores improved significantly after surgery in both groups. SVACOG–C7 and SVAC2–7 were negatively and positively correlated with the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey physical component score and Neck Disability Index, respectively. The visual analog scale for back pain, Oswestry Disability Index, and PI-LL mismatch improved significantly in the head-balanced group after cervical reconstruction surgery. CONCLUSIONS Patients with cervical kyphosis exhibited compensatory changes in the upper cervical spine and thoracolumbar spine, instead of in the lower extremities. These compensatory mechanisms resolved reciprocally in a different fashion in the head- and trunk-balanced groups. HRQOL scores improved significantly with GSA restoration and OT concordance following cervical reconstruction.
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DUBE, S. K., JISMY POULOSE, and A. D. ADRAO. "Numerical simulation of storm surge associated with severe cyclonic storms in the Bay of Bengal during 2008-11." MAUSAM 64, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v64i1.666.
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tc Hkh m".kdfVca/kh; pØokr vkrk gS rc Hkkjr vkSj blds fudVorhZ {ks=ksa esa rwQkuh leqnzh rjaxksa dh vkinkvksa ds dkj.k tku vkSj eky dh Hkkjh gkfu] rVh; <k¡pksa dh {kfr vkSj —f"k dks gkfu igq¡prh gSA uoEcj 1970 esa caxykns’k ¼igys iwohZ ikfdLrku½ esa vk, ,d vR;ar iapaM pØokr dh otg ls yxHkx 3]00]000 yksxksa dh tkus xbZaA uoEcj 1977 esa vkU/kz esa vk, pØokr us Hkkjr ds iwohZ rV dks rgl ugl dj fn;k ftlesa yxHkx 10]000 yksxksa dh tkus xbZaA vDrwcj 1999 esa Hkkjr ds mM+hlk ds rV ij ,d izpaM pØokrh rwQku vk;k ftlls ml {ks= esa laifRr dh vR;kf/kd gkfu gksus ds vfrfjDr 15]000 ls Hkh vf/kd yksxksa dh tkus xbZaA gky gh esa ebZ 2008 esa vk, pØokr uxhZl ls E;kaekj esa yxHk.k 1]40]000 yksxksa dh tkusa xbZa vkSj laifRr dk vR;f/kd ek=k esa uqdlku gqvkA ;s fo’o dh lcls cM+h ekuoh; vkink;sa eq[;r% m".kdfVca/kh; pØokrksa ls lac) gaS o leqnzh rwQkuh rjaxksa ls izR;{k:i ls tqMh gSA vr% ml {ks= esa laf{kIr iwokZuqeku vkSj leqnzh rwQkuh rjaxksa dh iwoZ psrkouh nsus dk izko/kku ml {ks= ds fgr esa gksrk gSA bl 'kks/k i= dk eq[; mÌs’; caxky dh [kkM+h vkSj vjc lkxj esa mBus okyh leqnzh rwQkuh rjaxksa dk iwokZuqeku djus ds fy, gky gh esa fodflr fd, x, ekWMyksa dks izdk’k esa ykuk gSA bl 'kks/k&i= esa o"kZ 2008 ls 2011 ds nkSjku caxky dh [kkM+h esa cus izpaM pØokrksa ls tqM+h leqnzh rjaxksa dk iwokZuqeku yxkus@vuqdj.k djus esa fun’kZ ds fu"iknu dk Hkh mYys[k fd;k x;k gSA
Storm surge disasters cause heavy loss of life and property, damage to the coastal structures and the losses of agriculture in India and its neighborhood whenever a tropical cyclone approaches. About 3,00,000 lives were lost in one of the most severe cyclone that hit Bangladesh (then East Pakistan) in November 1970. The Andhra Cyclone devastated the eastern coast of India, killing about 10,000 persons in November 1977. Orissa coast of India was struck by a severe cyclonic storm in October 1999, killing more than 15000 people besides enormous loss to the property in the region. More recently the Nargis cyclone of May 2008 killed about 1,40,000 people in Myanmar as well as caused enormous property damage. These and most of the world's greatest human disasters associated with the tropical cyclones have been directly attributed to storm surges. Thus, provision of precise prediction and warning of storm surges is of great interest in the region. The main objective of the present paper is to highlight the recent developments in storm surge prediction model for the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea. Paper also describes the performance of the model in forecasting/simulating the surges associated with severe cyclones formed in the Bay of Bengal during 2008 to 2011.
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GHAEDI, S., and S. MOVAHEDI. "Role of Red Sea trough on humidity source of east Mediterranean cyclones." MAUSAM 64, no. 3 (July 1, 2013): 539–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v64i3.734.
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Hkwe/;lkxjh; pØokr] fo’ks"k :i ls leqnz esa vkus okys iwohZ pØokr] bZjku esa 'khr _rq ds le; gksus okyh o"kkZ dh ?kVukvksa esa vR;ar egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSaA nwljh vkSj yky lkxj esa cuus okyh lrgh nzks.kh ds dkj.k m".kdfVca/kh; {ks= ls vfr m".kdfVca/kh; {ks= esa vknzZrk dk vilj.k gksrk gSA bZ- ,e- pØokrksa ds vknZzrk lzksrksa dh vkiwfrZ esa ykx lkxj dh Hkwfedk dk fu/kkZj.k djus ds fy, Hkw–foHko Å¡pkbZ ds lrg vk¡dM+ksa] mRrjh v{kka’k ds 5 ls 65 fMxzh rd lhfer esa vkSj iwohZ ns’kkarj ds 0 ls 80 fMxzh esa iou dh fof’k"V vknzZrk vkSj m/okZ/kj rFkk {kSfrt ?kVd dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k gSA bl v/;;u ds nkSjku Hkwe/; lkxj ds iwoZ esa 56 pØokrksa dh igpku dh xbZ tks yky lkxj ds nzks.kh ?kVukvksa ds ledkfyd FksA yky lkxj ds izcy nzks.kh ds ledkfyd pØokrksa ds 10 ekeyksa esa vknZz QyDl ds vfHklkjh ekufp= rS;kj fd, x,A pqfuank ekeyksa ds vknZZz QyDl ds vfHklkjh ekufp=ksa ds lR;kiu ls ;g irk pyk gS fd bZ- ,e- pØokrksa ds fy, visf{kr dqN vknzZrk vjc lkxj ls vkjaHk gqbZ vkSj rRi’pkr Qkjl dh [kkM+h rFkk vnu dh [kkM+h esa dqN gn rd rks izcy jgh vkSj fQj yky lkxj ls xqtjrs gq, Hkwe/; lkxj ds nf{k.k iwohZ {ks= esa izos’k dj xbZA okLro esa yky lkxj bu pØokrksa ds vknZzrk lzksr esa dksbZ egRoi.wkZ Hkwfedk ugh fuHkkrk gS cfYd m".kdfVca/kh; {ks= ls cfg m".kdfVca/kh; {ks= dh vknzZrk ds vilj.k ds fy, ml ekxZ ls ek= xqtjus dh Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gS rFkk bZ- ,e- pØokrksa esa visf{kr vknZzrk Hkj nsrk gSA mPp Lrjksa ij ty ds lD’ku dh ek=k vkSj mu LFkkuksa dk fu/kkZj.k djus ds fy, Hkw fo{ksih vilj.k ds la;qDr ekufp=ksa vkSj /kzqoh; QzaV ds tsV izokgksa dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k gSA
Mediterranean cyclones, especially east cyclones of this sea, play a very important role in precipitation events of cold season in Iran. In the other hand formation of surface trough over the Red Sea makes possible the displacement of humidity from tropical area to extra-tropical area. To determine the role of Red Sea trough in supplying humidity sources of EM cyclones, surface data of geopotential height, specific humidity and Vertical and Horizontal component of wind in limited 5 through 65 degrees of north latitude and 0 through 80 degrees of east longitude were used. During the study 56 cyclones formed over the east of Mediterranean recognized which were simultaneous to the Red Sea troughs events. Convergence maps of moisture flux of 10 cases of simultaneous cyclones with Red sea trough which were strong, were drawn. Verification of convergence maps of moisture flux of selected cases show some required humidity for EM cyclones are initiated from Arabian Sea and then to some extent are reinforced over Persian Gulf and Gulf of Aden and then by passing over Red Sea enter to the south east of Mediterranean Sea. Actually Red Sea has not an important role in the humidity source of these cyclones and acts as a pass way for displacement of humidity of tropical area to extra-tropical area and injects the required humidity into the EM cyclones. To determine the regions and the amount of suction in the high levels, composite maps of ageostrophic divergence and jet streams of polar front were used.
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Montepare, Joann, and Kimberly Farah. "A Toolkit for Advancing Age Inclusivity in Higher Education." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.860.
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Abstract The pioneering Age-Friendly University (AFU) initiative, endorsed by GSA’s Academy for Gerontology in Higher Education (AGHE), calls for institutions of higher education to respond to shifting demographics and the needs of our aging populations through more age-friendly programs, practices, and partnerships. Over 70 institutions have joined the AFU global network and adopted the 10 AFU guiding principles. In support of the initiative, a GSA-AGHE-AFU workgroup was organized to develop strategies to help GSA members and their campuses explore how they can be more age-inclusive and create pathways to joining the AFU network. One outcome of the workgroup’s efforts was the creation “Tools for Advancing Age Inclusivity in Higher Education”, designed with support from AARP. In this symposium, workgroup members describe this suite of tools which can be used by faculty, students, administrators, and other campus leaders. Montepare will introduce the symposium with an overview of the AFU network and the workgroup’s goals. Morrow-Howell and Schumacher will discuss tools for “Making the Case” with examples from efforts on their campuses. Porter and Bergman will describe tools for “Getting Started” and how campuses can begin to mobilize age-friendly efforts. Andreoletti and June will share tools for “Gaining Momentum” with tips for creating age-friendly campus connections and collaborations. Silverstein and Gugliucci will describe tools for “Assessing and Tracking Success” that can be used at any stage of the process for exploring a campus’s age-friendliness. Information about joining the AFU network will be provided.
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Kotidis, Pavlos, and Cleo Kontoravdi. "Strategic Framework for Parameterization of Cell Culture Models." Processes 7, no. 3 (March 26, 2019): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7030174.
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Global Sensitivity Analysis (GSA) is a technique that numerically evaluates the significance of model parameters with the aim of reducing the number of parameters that need to be estimated accurately from experimental data. In the work presented herein, we explore different methods and criteria in the sensitivity analysis of a recently developed mathematical model to describe Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell metabolism in order to establish a strategic, transferable framework for parameterizing mechanistic cell culture models. For that reason, several types of GSA employing different sampling methods (Sobol’, Pseudo-random and Scrambled-Sobol’), parameter deviations (10%, 30% and 50%) and sensitivity index significance thresholds (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2) were examined. The results were evaluated according to the goodness of fit between the simulation results and experimental data from fed-batch CHO cell cultures. Then, the predictive capability of the model was tested against four different feeding experiments. Parameter value deviation levels proved not to have a significant effect on the results of the sensitivity analysis, while the Sobol’ and Scrambled-Sobol’ sampling methods and a 0.1 significance threshold were found to be the optimum settings. The resulting framework was finally used to calibrate the model for another CHO cell line, resulting in a good overall fit. The results of this work set the basis for the use of a single mechanistic metabolic model that can be easily adapted through the proposed sensitivity analysis method to the behavior of different cell lines and therefore minimize the experimental cost of model development.
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MANDAL, M., and U. C. MOHANTY. "Numerical experiments for improvement in mesoscale simulation of Orissa super cyclone." MAUSAM 57, no. 1 (November 25, 2021): 79–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v57i1.456.
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& 29 vDrwcj] 1999 dks mM+hlk ds rV ij vk;k egkpØokr mM+hlk ds vc rd ds bfrgkl dk lcls izpaM rwQku Fkk ftldh 250 fd-eh- izfr ?kaVk dh rhoz xfr okyh iouksa us jkT; ds 12 rVh; ftyksa dks rgl&ugl dj MkykA rwQku ds LFky ls Vdjkus ds i'pkr~ 36 ?kaVs ls Hkh vf/kd le; rd iouksa dh izpaMrk cuh jghA bl rwQku ls tku eky dk dkQh uqdlku gqvkA yxHkx 10]000 yksxksa dh tkusa xbZA bl v/;;u esa rwQku ds eslksLdsy izfr:Ik dks csgrj cukus ds fy, dqN egRoiw.kZ igyqvksa dh tk¡p gsrq O;kid la[;kRed iz;ksx fd, x, gSaA bu igyqvksa esa xSj nzoLFkSfrd xfrd] fun’kZ {kSfrt foHksnu vkSj egRoiw.kZ izR;{k izfØ;kvksa ds izkpyhdj.k 'kkfey gSaA rwQku dk 5 fnolh; izfr:Ik ¼123 ?kaVksa ds yxkrkj lekdyu½ rS;kj djus ds fy, eslksLdsy fun’kZ ,e- ,e- 5 dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k gSA
blesa le:ih foHksnu ¼30 fd-eh-½ vkSj le:ih le; J`a[kyk ds lkFk nzoLFkSfrd ¼,p-,l-½ rFkk xSj nzoLFkSfrd ¼,u- ,l-½ xfrdksa ds lg;ksx ls rwQku ds izfr:i esa xSj nzoLFkSfrdrk ds izHkko dh tk¡p dh xbZ gSA bl fof/k ls rwQku vkSj fo’ks"k :Ik ls bldh rhozrk dk xSj nzoLFkSfrd xfrdksa ds lkFk lgh izfr:i.k gksrk gSA xSj nzoLFkSfrd xfrdksa ds lkFk 90 fd-eh-] 60 fd-eh- vkSj 30 fd-eh- ds foHksnuksa ij rwQku dk izfr:i.k djrs gq, fun’kZ dh laof/kZr {kSfrt foHksnu dh egRrk dh tk¡p dh xbZ gS vkSj rwQku ds izfr:i.k esa bldk izR;{k izHkko ns[kk x;k gSA
egRoiw.kZ izR;{k izfØ;k okys diklh laogu xzgh; ifjlhek Lrj ¼ih- ch- ,y-½ vkSj fofdj.k gsrq fun’kZ esa miyC/k izkpyhÑr ;kstukvksa ds csgrj lEHkkO; leUo; dk irk yxkus ds fy, la[;kRed iz;ksx Hkh fd, x,A lh- lh- ,e- 2 fofdj.k izkpyhÑr ;kstuk lesr xzsy diklh laogu vkSj gk¡x&isu ih- ch- ,y- ;kstuk ds lkFk leUo;u okyh ;kstuk ds vU; ijhf{kr ;kstukvksa dh rqyuk esa lcls csgrj ifj.kkeksa dk irk pyk gSA
The super cyclone that crossed Orissa coast on 29 October 1999 was the most intense storm in the history of Orissa with 12 coastal districts of the state were battered by winds reaching 250 kmph. The fury of winds continued for more than 36 hours after landfall of the storm. The storm caused huge damage to properties and nearly 10,000 people lost their lives. In the present study, extensive numerical experiments are conducted to investigate some important aspects that may lead to the improvement in mesoscale simulation of the storm. The aspects that are addressed here include non-hydrostatic dynamics, model horizontal resolution and parameterization of important physical processes. The mesoscale model MM5 is used to produce 5-day simulation of the storm.
The influence of non-hydrostaticity is investigated by simulating the storm with hydrostatic (HS) and non-hydrostatic (NS) dynamics at same resolution (30 km) and with same time step. The storm, in particular its intensity is better simulated with non-hydrostatic dynamics. The importance of increasing model horizontal resolution is investigated by simulating the storm at 90 km, 60 km and 30 km resolutions with non-hydrostatic dynamics and found to have perceptible impact in simulation of the storm.
Numerical experiments also are conducted to find the best possible combination of the parameterization schemes available in the model for the important physical processes cumulus convection, planetary boundary layer (PBL) and radiation. The combination of Grell cumulus convection and Hong-Pan PBL scheme along with CCM2 radiation parameterization scheme is found to provide the best result compared to the other schemes tested.
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Hu, Qian, Michael Collisi, Karsten Schuh, Vahid Aref, Horst Hettrich, Rolf Schmid, Fred Buchali, and Michael Moller. "120 GSa/s BiCMOS AMUX for 360 Gbit/s High-Information-Rate Signal Generation Demonstrated in 10 km IM/DD System." Journal of Lightwave Technology 40, no. 5 (March 1, 2022): 1330–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2021.3133409.
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Utubira, Yeslia, Karna Wijaya, Triyono Triyono, and Eko Sugiharto. "PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TiO2-ZEOLITE AND ITS APPLICATION TO DEGRADE TEXTILLE WASTEWATER BY PHOTOCATALYTIC METHOD." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 6, no. 3 (June 15, 2010): 231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21724.
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The preparation of titanium oxide-zeolite composite (TiO2-zeolite) has been done. Preparation was initiated by dispersing oligocation of titanium solution into suspension of natural zeolite. The suspension was stirred and then filtered to separate the solid phase from the filtrate. The solid phase was heated by microwave oven to convert the oligocations into its oxide forms and the resulting material (called as TiO2-zeolite) then was used to photodegrade the wastewater of PT.Jogjatex The TiO2-zeolite and unmodified zeolite were characterized using X-ray diffractometry, FT-IR spectro-photometry, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and gas sorption analysis (GSA) methods to determine their physicochemical properties. Photocatalytic activity of TiO2-Zeolite was tested by exposing the suspension of TiO2-Zeolite/wastewater by the UV light of 366 nm at room temperature for 15 - 75 minutes. Characterization results exhibited that the formation of TiO2 on internal as well as external surfaces of Zeolite could not be detected with X-ray diffractometry as well as FT-IR spectrophotometry, however elemental analysis result with XRF indicated that titanium concentration in zeolite increased due to the inclusion, i.e from 0.26% (w/w) in zeolite to 2.80% (w/w) in TiO2-zeolite. Characterization result by GSA exhibited the increased of specific surface area from 19.57 m2/g in zeolite to 67.96 m2/g in TiO2-zeolite; total pore volume from 20.64 x 10-3 mL/g in zeolite to 49.561 x 10-3 mL/g in TiO2-Zeolite; pore radius average decreased from 21.10 Å in zeolite to 14.58 Å in TiO2-zeolite. Photocatalytic activity test of TiO2-zeolite on wastewater of PT. Jogjatex showed that UV radiation for 75 minutes on the mixture of TiO2-zeolite and wastewater resulted in the decreased of COD number up to 57.85%. Meanwhile the sorption study showed that zeolite and TiO2-zeolite could decrease COD number of wastewater up to 43.95% and 57.85%, respectively. Keywords: TiO2-zeolite, photocatalytic, wastewater
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Sheikholeslami, Razi, Saman Razavi, and Amin Haghnegahdar. "What should we do when a model crashes? Recommendations for global sensitivity analysis of Earth and environmental systems models." Geoscientific Model Development 12, no. 10 (October 10, 2019): 4275–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-4275-2019.
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Abstract. Complex, software-intensive, technically advanced, and computationally demanding models, presumably with ever-growing realism and fidelity, have been widely used to simulate and predict the dynamics of the Earth and environmental systems. The parameter-induced simulation crash (failure) problem is typical across most of these models despite considerable efforts that modellers have directed at model development and implementation over the last few decades. A simulation failure mainly occurs due to the violation of numerical stability conditions, non-robust numerical implementations, or errors in programming. However, the existing sampling-based analysis techniques such as global sensitivity analysis (GSA) methods, which require running these models under many configurations of parameter values, are ill equipped to effectively deal with model failures. To tackle this problem, we propose a new approach that allows users to cope with failed designs (samples) when performing GSA without rerunning the entire experiment. This approach deems model crashes as missing data and uses strategies such as median substitution, single nearest-neighbor, or response surface modeling to fill in for model crashes. We test the proposed approach on a 10-parameter HBV-SASK (Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning modified by the second author for educational purposes) rainfall–runoff model and a 111-parameter Modélisation Environmentale–Surface et Hydrologie (MESH) land surface–hydrology model. Our results show that response surface modeling is a superior strategy, out of the data-filling strategies tested, and can comply with the dimensionality of the model, sample size, and the ratio of the number of failures to the sample size. Further, we conduct a “failure analysis” and discuss some possible causes of the MESH model failure that can be used for future model improvement.
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PATTANAIK, D. R., M. MOHAPATRA, B. MUKHOPADHYAY, and AJIT TYAGI. "A preliminary study about the prospects of extended range forecast of tropical cyclogenesis over the north Indian Ocean during 2010 post-monsoon season." MAUSAM 64, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 171–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v64i1.664.
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o"kZ 2010 esa ekulwuksRrj _rq ds nkSjku nks pØokrh; rwQku fufeZr gq, FksA tSls ‘fxjh’ uked vfr izpaM pØokrh; rwQku ¼oh-,l-lh-,l-½ 19 vDrwcj dks fufeZr gqvk vkSj ;g 22 rkjh[k dks E;kaekj leqnz rV dks ikj dj x;k vkSj nwljk ‘tky’ uked izpaM pØokrh; rwQku ¼,l-lh-,l-½ 2 uoacj dks fufeZr gqvk vkSj ;g psUuS ds mRrjh Hkkx ds lehi mRrjh rfeyukMq & nf{k.kh vka/kz izns’k ds leqnzh rVksa dks 07 uoacj dks ikj dj x;k ftldh otg ls rfeyukMq vkSj nf{k.kh vka/kz izns’k ds leqnz rVh; {ks=ksa esa u dsoy rhoz iou ls cfYd mlls gqbZ Hkkjh o"kkZ ls Hkkjh {kfr gqbZA
okLrfod le; foLr`r {ks= iwokZuqeku xR;kRed fHkUurkvksa ds lkIrkfgd vkSlr ds vk/kkj ij nks lIrkg ds fy, rS;kj fd, x, gSa tks- bZ- lh- ,e- MCY;w- ,Q-] ,u- bZ- lh- ih- rFkk nksuksa ds 2 ekWMYl vkSlr ¼2 ,e- ,- oh- bZ-½ ds ;qfXer ekWMy ifj.kke ij vk/kkfjr gSaA lkIrkfgd vkSlr] iou vkSj lkisf{kd Hkzfeyrk ds 5&11 fnuksa ds izpkyukRed iwokZuqeku 14 vDrwcj 2010 ds vkjafHkd fLFkfr ij vk/kkfjr gSa ftlls irk pyk gS fd 18&24 vDrwcj dh vof/k ds nkSjku e/; caxky dh [kkM+h ds Åij fuEu nkc dk pØokrh; ldqZys’ku Fkk tks vfr izpaM pØokrh; rwQku ‘fxjh’ ds leku FkkA ‘tky’ uked pØokr dh mRifRr dk 2 ,e- ,- oh- bZ- esa vPNh rjg irk yxk fy;k x;k FkkA bldk iwokZuqeku 12&18 fnuksa ds fy, oS/k Fkk vkSj ;g 21 vDrwcj 2010 dh vkjafHkd fLFkfr ij vk/kkfjr FkkA 2 ,e- ,- oh- bZ- iwokZuqeku 1&7 uoacj rd ds fy, oS/k Fkk tks 28 ,oa 21 vDrwcj dh vkjafHkd fLFkfr;ksa ij vk/kkfjr Fkk ¼buds iwokZuqeku dh vof/k Øe’k% 5&11 fnuksa rFkk 12&18 fnuksa dh Fkh½ ftlesa Li"V :i ls n’kkZ;k x;k gS fd rfeyukMq leqnz rV vkSj blls yxs gq, vka/kz izns’k ds {ks= esa izsf{kr dh xbZ folaxfr;ksa ls dkQh vf/kd ?kukRed o"kkZ folaxfr;k¡ ns[kh xbZ gSaA bl izkjafHkd v/;;u esa vkxs crk;k x;k gS fd lkIrkfgd pØokrh; Hkzfeyrk ds ekWMy iwokZuqekuksa dh vf/kdre folaxfr =qfV yxHkx &0-8 ls &1-0 × 10&5 izfr lSds.M dks fuEu LRkjh; vf“lj.k folaxfr yxHkx &0-8 ls &1-0 × 10&5 izfr lSds.M ds lkFk feyus ij m".kdfVca/kh pØokr cuus dh laHkkouk curh gSA rFkkfi bl flLVe ds pØokr ds :i esa rhozhdj.k gsrq Fkzs’kgksYM oSY;w dh igpku djus ds fy, vkSj vf/kd ekeyksa ds fo’ys"k.k djus dh vko’;drk gSA
There were two cyclonic storms formed during the post monsoon season of 2010 viz., “Giri” a very severe cyclonic storm (VSCS) formed on 19th October and crossed the Myanmar coast on 22nd and the second system “Jal” a severe cyclonic storm (SCS) formed on 2nd November and crossed north Tamil Nadu-south Andhra Pradesh coasts, close to north of Chennai on 7th November, which caused lot of damage in Tamil Nadu and south Andhra Pradesh coast associated with not only strong wind but also due to associated heavy rainfall.
The real time extended range forecasts in terms of weekly mean of dynamical variables are prepared for two weeks based on the coupled model outputs from ECMWF, NECP and the 2 models average (2MAVE) of both. The operational forecast for days 5-11 of weekly mean wind and relative vorticity based on 14th October, 2010 initial condition indicates cyclonic circulation at low level over the central Bay of Bengal during the period from 18-24 October associated with the very severe cyclone “Giri”. The genesis of the cyclone “Jal” was very much captured in the 2MAVE forecast valid for 12-18 days forecast based on the initial condition of 21st October, 2010. The 2MAVE forecast valid for 1-7 November based on 28 October and 21 October initial conditions (with forecast period of days 5-11 and days 12-18 respectively) also clearly indicated large positive rainfall anomalies over Tamil Nadu coast and adjoining coastal Andhra Pradesh region like that of observed rainfall anomalies. This preliminary study further indicates that the model forecasts anomaly of weekly cyclonic vorticity maximum of about 2.5´10-5 sec-1 combined with a low level convergence anomaly of about -0.8 to -1.0 ´ 10-5 sec-1 may lead to formation of a tropical cyclone. However, more number of cases required to be analysed for the proper identification of the threshold values for intensification of the system into a cyclone.
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Shawe, Daniel R. "Dilational fault slip and pit chain formation on Mars, David A. Ferrill et al., GSA Today, v. 14, no. 10, p. 4–12." GSA Today 15, no. 3 (2005): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/1052-5173(2005)15<11a:dfsapc>2.0.co;2.
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Ferrill, David A., Alan P. Morris, Danielle Y. Wyrick, Darrell W. Sims, and Nathan M. Franklin. "Dilational fault slip and pit chain formation on Mars, David A. Ferrill et al., GSA Today, v. 14, no. 10, p. 4–12." GSA Today 15, no. 3 (2005): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/1052-5173(2005)15<11b:dfsapc>2.0.co;2.
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ARAS, Murat, and Özlem ÇALIŞKAN. "AN ANALYTICAL APPROACH AGAINST PROGRESSIVE COLLAPSE AFTER EXPLOSION RC BUILDING." International Journal of Engineering Science Technologies 4, no. 4 (August 18, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijoest.v4.i4.2020.97.
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Reinforced concrete structures may be subjected to uncontrolled sudden loads such as weight or rock fall, industrial or transport accidents, military or terrorist activities, controlled or bottled gas, natural gas, fuel tanker or fuel station explosion. It is difficult to predict how the structure will react under dynamic impact loading. However, creating scenarios taking measures against dynamic loading is a simple solution for behavior impact prediction. In this study was investigated to remove of the middle column in the reinforced concrete structure after the internal explosion. Static analyzes were carried out with IdeCAD Static software according to the load distributions after the carrier element removed in the typical building. In this study, load distribution principles are reviewed in accordance with ASCE 7-10, GSA 2016 and ACI 318 recommendations after subtracting elements. As a result, element remove scenarios are required as a design principle for structures.
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Montepare, Joann. "Learn, Engage, and Act to Advance Age Inclusivity in Higher Education." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.861.
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Abstract Shifting age demographics are reshaping our social structures with far-reaching implications for higher education. Aging populations mean more older adults are looking to higher education to meet their professional needs and personal interests, and the longevity economy is calling for a trained workforce to provide services to support the health and functioning of individuals as they age. As well, there is a need to improve students’ aging literacy, along with developing synergistic age-friendly campus-community partnerships to address aging issues. How can institutions explore, create, develop, and sustain more age-friendly programs, practices, and partnerships? This presentation will introduce the toolkit specially designed by the GSA-AGHE Workgroup for use by faculty, students, administrators, and other campus leaders, and will provide an overview of the Age-Friendly University (AFU) initiative and its 10 guiding principles for creating more age-inclusive campuses.