Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Gruppi di società'
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Maspes, I. "AUTONOMIA NEGOZIALE NEI GRUPPI DI SOCIETÀ." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/494624.
Full textBARABINO, PIETRO. "Gruppi di società e diritto del lavoro." Doctoral thesis, Università Bocconi, 2009. https://hdl.handle.net/11565/4053469.
Full textLENTINI, LUCA SERAFINO. "I contratti di cash pooling nei gruppi di società." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/129464.
Full textThe thesis analyzes cash pooling in company groups. Following an investigation of the current state of the practice through the assessment of various contractual models, the thesis argues against the adoption of a unifying or general model, which would not allow for the recognition of the various functions and goals which can be achieved through cash pooling. Based on the foregoing, the thesis also focuses on some of the most important disciplinary profiles concerning a single, widely-adopted, cash pooling model, characterized by an exclusive line of credit to the pooler.
Fiorella, Michele. "Profili penali della disciplina dei gruppi di società." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi del Molise, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11695/66410.
Full textMediante l’inserimento, all’interno della fattispecie di infedeltà patrimoniale, della previsione normativa dei vantaggi compensativi la tematica dei gruppi di società ha ricevuto una dignità espressa anche nel settore del diritto penale dell’economia. La scelta di politica legislativa, che si inserisce più genericamente nell’obiettivo politico criminale del legislatore novellante di costruire un diritto penale societario minimo, permeato dal necessario rispetto dei canoni di concreta offensività, è stata salutata con favore dalla letteratura penalistica la quale, all’indomani della novella, ha rinnovato l’interesse per il tema. La disciplina dei gruppi, infatti, oltre a rivestire primario interesse per la sua notevole applicazione, costituisce anche un importante banco di prova per verificare la coerenza delle soluzioni legislative rispetto al piano del dover essere della legislazione penale; per verificare, cioè, in un ottica di stampo teleologico, la conformità della disciplina settoriale, rispetto ad un sistema assiologicamente orientato. Sotto tale profilo, il rapporto tra la disciplina civile dei gruppi e quella penale, consente di evidenziare come la normativa penale sia effettivamente conforme al volto di un sistema penale orientato dai valori di sussidiarietà ed extrema ratio, in quanto la portata empirica della fattispecie penale risulta arretrata rispetto ai presidi risarcitori di ordine civilistico: la attribuita rilevanza ai vantaggi fondatamente prevedibili, ai fini della esclusione della responsabilità penale, e la loro irrilevanza, per converso, ai fini della esclusione della responsabilità civile, fa sì che nella tutela del patrimonio sociale la fattispecie di diritto penale societario occupi uno spazio solamente residuale. Se tali sono i profili di pregio della disciplina penale dei gruppi di società, non pochi sono, tuttavia, gli spunti critici che lascia aperti all’interprete. Sul piano della bontà delle scelte legislative, residuano margini di dubbio sull’opportunità di una scelta di carattere settoriale, che pone il rischio di limitarne la portata applicativa alla sola fattispecie di infedeltà patrimoniale, unica per la quale risulta espressamente prevista; creando, così, non poche distonie applicative nell’ambito dello stesso sottosettore del diritto penale dell’economia. Di non poco rilievo appaiono, poi, le censure da muovere alla ‘disciplina penale dei gruppi’ sul piano della determinatezza della fattispecie penale dovute al mancato coordinamento della riforma dei reati societari con quella del diritto societario. Mentre il legislatore societario è stato capace di creare una disciplina armonica e idonea a perseguire gli obiettivi di tutela, occupandosi dei gruppi tanto nella patologia, quanto nella fisiologia, l’approccio del legislatore penale è stato ben più approssimativo e minimalista: sul versante penale societario, infatti, all’abuso di direzione unitaria non si è collegata una ipotesi di responsabilità né degli organi amministrativi della holding, né della controllante con il d.lgs. 231/2001. Di qui la necessità di provare a recuperare la responsabilità penale del vero centro decisionale (gli organi della holding), attraverso l’applicazione delle clausole generali di estensione della tipicità di cui agli artt. 110 e 113 c.p., tanto per la responsabilità concorsuale delle persone fisiche, quanto per quella amministrativa da reato delle persone giuridiche.
BOGONI, FRANCESCA MARTA. "Il superamento del principio di responsabilità limitata nei gruppi di società." Doctoral thesis, Università Bocconi, 2010. https://hdl.handle.net/11565/4053900.
Full textMANCINI, Raffaella. "La bancarotta fraudolenta per distrazione nei gruppi di società." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi del Molise, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11695/72802.
Full textThe work focuses on the analysis of the crime of fraudulent bankruptcy distraction in groups of companies through the critical analysis of the relevance and the effects of the declaration of bankruptcy, which is the pivot around which revolve the bankruptcy case. It will cover the entire route and jurisprudential doctrine of the possibility of excluding the configurability of the capital fraudulent bankruptcy offense for distraction in favor of another company in the same group in the event of attainment of compensatory advantage. The objective of the research will be to give a response to the uncertain nature of the countervailing advantage which may exclude the configurability of the crime. The point of departure of the said work is given the analysis of the phenomenon of groups of companies, which has steadily developed into factual reality in a context of continued absence of specific regulations that would regulate their characters, necessary to allow the 'identification, as well as the operation, activities, and relationships with third parties. The recognition of the group made it possible to explore the usefulness of operations undertaken by the individual companies that are part of the wider context characterized by the existence of ties between them and then, in a wide-ranging analysis, helped to identify for a company a rising edge from a different operation from the one she put in place. As a result of this evolution it has involved examining the theory of compensatory benefits, which, as we shall see, is another topic of great debate and contrast so much doctrinal as jurisprudential. In fact it will seek to assess the existence of any criminal responsibility borne by those who, at the head of the corporate group, sacrifice the interests of other companies in order to obtain a group interest. Then you will face the problem of determining if there's interest in a subsidiary sacrificed in the interest of the group name may constitute the crime of fraudulent bankruptcy distraction. he work is aimed, therefore, to establish the boundaries and the limits of the applicability in the field of corporate criminal theory of compensatory benefits in operations carried out within a group of companies. The writer of the effort was to evaluate the possible non-punishment of the conduct of inter-company transactions that have caused indirect advantages in favor of a bankrupt company such as to counteract the negative effects of the transaction at issue, as well as to figure out if the membership of the "group" is likely to affect the assessment of the distractive nature of these transactions. Without counterpart, actual or potential, it is not allowed to weaken the company doomed to failure in favor of the other, even within the same group. A fortiori, it can not be allowed the distraction of activities between two of the same group, both in economic difficulties, and this is because in that case no positive prognosis is obviously possible. Therefore the presence of a corporate group not legitimate for that reason alone, any conduct of enslavement of a company to the interest of other group companies, having, by contrast, believe that the subjective and patrimonial autonomy that distinguishes each company requires all 'director of primarily pursue the interest of specific companies which is in charge and, therefore, not sacrificing the interest in the name of a different interest, although traceable to that of someone who is placed at the top of the group, which does not confer any effect favor of depleted body third party creditors. The crime of fraudulent bankruptcy distraction (made in favor of the same group), resulting from the operation of financial loss for no apparent consideration, there is only provided the hypothesized indirect benefits of the bankrupt found not effectively connected to a total benefit of the group and they are not fit to effectively compensate for the negative effects of the operation done immediately. So, while some commentators even configures the compensatory benefit as a real exonerating, case law looks much more cautious, however, demanding that the impoverishment has found balance in any corresponding benefit to the society impoverished and therefore failed. It is believed, therefore, that the subject of bankruptcy distractive what is important is only the compensatory benefits actually received, not merely to be expected. But I must conclusively by a note: the conflict of interests referred to in article 2634 c.c. is between the directors and the shareholders or, if you will, the one between the controlling shareholders (who have an interest that is also in the parent company) and other shareholders. Against them will be worth the compensatory advantage. But against "pure" creditors of impoverished society, how it could detect such an advantage? If the operation has benefited the group (and therefore the leading companies which, in theory, is not that in which the persons in question are credit), which shall result in compensation for the latter? Only an actual lack of damage (and certainly not the ex post recovery) could make irrelevant the act device.
BEVILACQUA, FRANCESCA CHIARA. "La responsabilità amministrativa degli enti ex D.Lgs. 231/2001 e i gruppi di società." Doctoral thesis, Università Bocconi, 2008. https://hdl.handle.net/11565/4051207.
Full textBENEDETTI, LORENZO. "La responsabilità di "chi abbia comunque preso parte al fatto lesivo e, nei limiti del vantaggio conseguito, chi ne abbia consapevolmente tratto beneficio (art. 2497, II co, c.c.)." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/528.
Full textThis work deals with the new italian law of the liability in the groups of companies (art. 2497 c.c., which took effect with the reform of corporate law. In the first chapter we try to establish if the first paragraph of the art. 2497 c.c.provide for a contractual liability, due to a breach of a pre-existent obligation; or a tort liability, due to the commission of a tort. The second chapter analises the first part of the second paragraph of art. 2497 c.c. to establish the nature and the systematic function of the liability of who take part in the abuse of the holding company. The third chapter talks about the liability of the aware beneficiary (second part of the second paragraph of art. 2497 c.c.): in this work we try to establish the nature of the liability , considered as a case of unjustified enrichment (art. 2041 c.c.). In the last two chapter we apply the results of the previous reflection to: the case of the holding-individual person, to establish which discipline we must apply to it, which the first paragraph of the art. 2497 c.c.doesn't provide for; establish if the liability in the group can be applied to the bank, when it is holding, concurrent in its tort or aware beneficiary.
BENEDETTI, LORENZO. "La responsabilità di "chi abbia comunque preso parte al fatto lesivo e, nei limiti del vantaggio conseguito, chi ne abbia consapevolmente tratto beneficio (art. 2497, II co, c.c.)." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/528.
Full textThis work deals with the new italian law of the liability in the groups of companies (art. 2497 c.c., which took effect with the reform of corporate law. In the first chapter we try to establish if the first paragraph of the art. 2497 c.c.provide for a contractual liability, due to a breach of a pre-existent obligation; or a tort liability, due to the commission of a tort. The second chapter analises the first part of the second paragraph of art. 2497 c.c. to establish the nature and the systematic function of the liability of who take part in the abuse of the holding company. The third chapter talks about the liability of the aware beneficiary (second part of the second paragraph of art. 2497 c.c.): in this work we try to establish the nature of the liability , considered as a case of unjustified enrichment (art. 2041 c.c.). In the last two chapter we apply the results of the previous reflection to: the case of the holding-individual person, to establish which discipline we must apply to it, which the first paragraph of the art. 2497 c.c.doesn't provide for; establish if the liability in the group can be applied to the bank, when it is holding, concurrent in its tort or aware beneficiary.
GENTILE, CAROLINA. "GLI ACCORDI DI RISTRUTTURAZIONE DEI DEBITI DELL'IMPRESA ARTICOLATA IN UN GRUPPO." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/98839.
Full textThe thesis aims to analyze the discipline of debt restructuring agreements of the corporate group enterprise, as provided for in the new code of business crisis and insolvency. The work is structured into four chapters, the first of which serves as a brief introduction to the topic. More precisely, in the context of the first chapter it is showed the state of the art in the pre-reform context and of the principles that inspired the reform. The second chapter is dedicated, instead, to exposing the preliminary remarks on the terms of the problem, also in order to identify the interpretative methods for a doctrinal reconstruction of the discipline which appears, prima facie, rather incomplete. The second part of the chapter is dedicated to examining the notion of group, in order to define the application scope of the new discipline. In the context of the third chapter, instead, it was considered the role attributable to the holding in managing the group crisis. Then there were analyzed the application problems of the discipline debt restructuring agreements of the group enterprise. The fourth chapter is dedicated to an examination of the procedural profiles, i.e. the problems that are taken into consideration with regard to the procedural phase to which the restructuring agreements are subject in order to be approved.
GENTILE, CAROLINA. "GLI ACCORDI DI RISTRUTTURAZIONE DEI DEBITI DELL'IMPRESA ARTICOLATA IN UN GRUPPO." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/98839.
Full textThe thesis aims to analyze the discipline of debt restructuring agreements of the corporate group enterprise, as provided for in the new code of business crisis and insolvency. The work is structured into four chapters, the first of which serves as a brief introduction to the topic. More precisely, in the context of the first chapter it is showed the state of the art in the pre-reform context and of the principles that inspired the reform. The second chapter is dedicated, instead, to exposing the preliminary remarks on the terms of the problem, also in order to identify the interpretative methods for a doctrinal reconstruction of the discipline which appears, prima facie, rather incomplete. The second part of the chapter is dedicated to examining the notion of group, in order to define the application scope of the new discipline. In the context of the third chapter, instead, it was considered the role attributable to the holding in managing the group crisis. Then there were analyzed the application problems of the discipline debt restructuring agreements of the group enterprise. The fourth chapter is dedicated to an examination of the procedural profiles, i.e. the problems that are taken into consideration with regard to the procedural phase to which the restructuring agreements are subject in order to be approved.
SETTANNI, GIUSEPPE. "Una ridefinizione del concetto e del ruolo dell'oggetto sociale." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/245322.
Full textThe aim of the research is to demonstrate that the object clause is no more significant in the current social / economic framework. For instance, art. 2380-bis c.c., as currently in force, gives to the directors the general and exclusive competence for the direction of the company, legitimating them to the fulfillment of all the operations which are necessary for the accomplishment of the object clause. The activity constituting the object of the company should then represent a merely internal limit to the direction powers of the directors, but not an external limit to their general powers. In other words, the object clause would have some importance only on the internal ground as indicator of the liability of the directors, being deprived of its importance on the external ground. Other limits to the effectiveness of the object clause can be found in the matter of groups of companies. Here the concept of group interest should prevail, as scholars and case-law clearly indicate, on the object clause, with the consequence that the object clause would see diminished its role. It is worth noting that also other law systems are reviewing the concept of object clause for adapting it to a different environment, such as UK with sec. 31 (1) of the Companies Act 2006 as well as Ireland and Spain. Accordingly, it seems clear that the object clause is not currently much important in our law system. Different conclusions can be reached if the legislator introduced the possibility of companies with unrestricted object clause, but it seems that at the moment the legislator does not have the intention to intervene on these grounds.
Gaudio, Giovanni. "Organizzazioni complesse e rapporti di lavoro. Per un diritto del lavoro a geometria variabile." Doctoral thesis, Università Bocconi, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10278/3725009.
Full textLeimert, Corina. "Stand und Entwicklung des italienischen Rechts der Unternehmenszusammenschlüsse (gruppi di società/gruppi di imprese)." Frankfurt, M. Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York, NY Oxford Wien Lang, 2006. http://d-nb.info/1001388356/04.
Full textBerardi, Maria Assunta <1984>. "Doveri e responsabilita' degli amministratori nella crisi dei gruppi di societa'." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7215/1/BERARDI_MARIAASSUNTA_TESI.pdf.
Full textThis study aims to identify directors’ duties and responsibilities, leading to indemnification, with particular regard to the directors of the parent company exercising activity of direction and coordination, in a context of crisis or insolvency in the group, also with a view to “prevention” and, more precisely, the set of rules of proper corporate and entrepreneurial management, with which the silence of the insolvency law in terms of groups of companies has to compare. In particular, it will investigate the possibility of identifying, within the Italian law, when the crisis emerges, duties of conduct in the bodies of government of the company or entity that exercises activity of direction and coordination, in order to face the crisis, avoiding the deterioration of the same, or for an early recovery and, therefore, more susceptible of a positive outcome, to protect minority shareholders and creditors of the subsidiaries and, at the same time, the shareholders of the parent company and, therefore, in a wider and more articulated perspective than the one characterizing a unique company. The object of the analysis is introduced by a general overview of the new Italian law on groups of companies with particular regard to the regulation of the activity of direction and coordination which has been introduced by the reform of company law, by means of articles 2497 and following of the Italian civil code. In the second part the criteria and principles shall be identified, from which to derive the rules of governance in groups of companies and the related directors' liability in contexts of crisis in the group. On the basis of the aforesaid arguments, in the last part the management rules will be identified within the group when the crisis emerges and, in particular, the possible “instruments” that our legislator provides to face it.
Berardi, Maria Assunta <1984>. "Doveri e responsabilita' degli amministratori nella crisi dei gruppi di societa'." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7215/.
Full textThis study aims to identify directors’ duties and responsibilities, leading to indemnification, with particular regard to the directors of the parent company exercising activity of direction and coordination, in a context of crisis or insolvency in the group, also with a view to “prevention” and, more precisely, the set of rules of proper corporate and entrepreneurial management, with which the silence of the insolvency law in terms of groups of companies has to compare. In particular, it will investigate the possibility of identifying, within the Italian law, when the crisis emerges, duties of conduct in the bodies of government of the company or entity that exercises activity of direction and coordination, in order to face the crisis, avoiding the deterioration of the same, or for an early recovery and, therefore, more susceptible of a positive outcome, to protect minority shareholders and creditors of the subsidiaries and, at the same time, the shareholders of the parent company and, therefore, in a wider and more articulated perspective than the one characterizing a unique company. The object of the analysis is introduced by a general overview of the new Italian law on groups of companies with particular regard to the regulation of the activity of direction and coordination which has been introduced by the reform of company law, by means of articles 2497 and following of the Italian civil code. In the second part the criteria and principles shall be identified, from which to derive the rules of governance in groups of companies and the related directors' liability in contexts of crisis in the group. On the basis of the aforesaid arguments, in the last part the management rules will be identified within the group when the crisis emerges and, in particular, the possible “instruments” that our legislator provides to face it.
PRATAVIERA, STEFANO WALTER. "LA TUTELA DELL'AZIONISTA MINORITARIO DELLA S.P.A HOLDING NEI GRUPPI DI SOCIETA'." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/753104.
Full textIn 2003, the Italian lawmaker introduced for the first time a regulation aimed to discipline the groups of companies: the case for protecting minority shareholders of the parent company, however, was completely disregarded. Nevertheless, they are exposed to some significant and peculiar risks, in consideration of the dilutive effect (or Mediatisierungseffekt) which structurally affects their situation both on a financial and participatory ground. Indeed, by hiving parts of the business from the parent down to the subsidiaries, the influence of the parent’s shareholders can be significantly watered down, and they can suffer from the fulfilment of operations, realized in the context of one or more subsidiaries, which affect the very core of the business (even if carried out on a multi-subjective scale), or again from the implementation of an inefficient or predatory management at a lower level of the control chain: in both cases, the lack of a direct participatory relationship prevent parent company’s minority shareholders from activating the ordinary remedies provided for by the legislation within a stand-alone company. The analysis entails, in the first place, an analytical inspection of the different circumstances (i.e. the beginning, the development and the end of the exercise of direction and coordination powers over controlled entities) in which the specific interests brought by parent company’s minority shareholders may arise; then, a reconsideration of the contents of the function which the management of a holding company is entrusted with, notably in terms of evaluation of the possibility to shape up a duty – towards the holding company itself – of informative hetero-direction, or rather of operative hetero-direction. The pursued aim is that to set up, interpretatively – also through a comparative analysis of the foreign systems in which the issue at hand came into light; still, within the limits of the legal framework outlined by the Italian lawmaker –, a satisfactory protection for minority shareholders of a holding joint-stock company. In this perspective, a major tool for increasing their involvement in fundamental business decisions, even if adopted on a subsidiary level, could be found in charging the management of the holding company with the duty (to be included within the general duty of care which they are bound to respect) to submit each of those decisions for authorization to the shareholders’ meeting of the holding company itself, being otherwise liable for breach of duty. The protection granted to parent company’s minority shareholders, in this reasoning, lays on the liability ground, by recognizing them the standing to sue the directors of their company through a derivative action (or, if the proper conditions are met, a direct action) after the breach of duty they incurred in. However, this tool of reaction is naturally aimed to redress the monetary loss inherent with the financial contents embedded in the shareholding phenomenon, while it could be less effective as to the participatory aspects embedded as well into the share (unless including the eventual impairments affecting the latter within the area of refundable damages). In order to provide some (at least, partly less controversial) kind of protection also for the participatory contents incorporated in the share, an additional tool could be identified in the judiciary control. However, its scope of application – whenever activated by parent company’s shareholders – should be extended also to the management’s irregularities arising from the exercise of direction and coordination powers which take place on the subsidiaries’ level, in consideration of the fact that a jeopardizing or defaulting governance within the latter may detrimentally and substantially affect the participatory features embedded in the share (since the further and the opaquer the management is, the more rarefied the chances of control get), as well as the economic value of the shares held by the parent company in the subsidiary and, therefore, of those directly held in the parent company. Furthermore, in order to increase the effectiveness of the remedy, holding company’s shareholders should be entitled with the standing to sue for obtaining a judicial order of inspection of the subsidiaries.
Saran, Federico <1993>. "Il controllo di gestione nell’azienda divisionale. La trasformazione di un gruppo in un’unica società. Caso Battistella Company." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/12381.
Full textPISANO, FRANCESCO. "LA STRUTTURA PROPRIETARIA E LA CREAZIONE DI VALORE NELLE OPERAZIONI DI AGGREGAZIONE DELLE SOCIETA' QUOTATE IN ITALIA." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/691.
Full textThe aim of the paper is to verify if the ownership structure of Italian listed firms was able to increase all the shareholders’ wealth in the M&A activity from 1999 to 2006. In particular, notwithstanding the characteristics of the Italian contest (weak level of corporate governance, high ownership concentration, pyramidal structures and the presence of non-voting shares), I investigate the relation between the M&A activity performance for all the shareholders and the ownership structure of the bidders. I consider a sample of 319 M&A operations made by Italian bidders from 1999 until 2006. I use the standard event study approach to estimate the performance which has been investigated in relation to ownership information of the bidder.
PISANO, FRANCESCO. "LA STRUTTURA PROPRIETARIA E LA CREAZIONE DI VALORE NELLE OPERAZIONI DI AGGREGAZIONE DELLE SOCIETA' QUOTATE IN ITALIA." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/691.
Full textThe aim of the paper is to verify if the ownership structure of Italian listed firms was able to increase all the shareholders’ wealth in the M&A activity from 1999 to 2006. In particular, notwithstanding the characteristics of the Italian contest (weak level of corporate governance, high ownership concentration, pyramidal structures and the presence of non-voting shares), I investigate the relation between the M&A activity performance for all the shareholders and the ownership structure of the bidders. I consider a sample of 319 M&A operations made by Italian bidders from 1999 until 2006. I use the standard event study approach to estimate the performance which has been investigated in relation to ownership information of the bidder.
GEREMIA, MARTA. "CONSUMO ETICO: DALL'ENGAGEMENT DEL CONSUMATORE AGLI EFFETTI TRASFORMATIVI SULLA SOCIETA'." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6046.
Full textThe dissertation aims at exploring multifaceted aspects of ethical consumers-organization relationships. It takes into consideration multiple manifestations of issues aroused by the relationship and the market transformations lead by said relationships. The first study explores the potential of collective ethical consumers grouped in Solidarity Purchasing Groups (GAS) engaged with organizations to cooperate in order to affect market mechanisms and determine ethical transformations. A collaboration enhanced at switching mainstream market mechanisms towards improving sustainability values based markets is established between the ethical consumers groups and producers. On the second study a questionable ethical and non ethical consumers relationship with sustainable businesses, specifically biomass energy producers, has been taken into consideration. Though being sustainable, the consumer-citizen relationship with the firm could lead both to positive and negative behaviours. The last research, stemming from a car sharing organization’s perspective, explores the potential of a sustainable business model to affect and modify towards sustainability features consumers’ attitudes and behaviours through the use of sustainable business model as the car sharing services.
GEREMIA, MARTA. "CONSUMO ETICO: DALL'ENGAGEMENT DEL CONSUMATORE AGLI EFFETTI TRASFORMATIVI SULLA SOCIETA'." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6046.
Full textThe dissertation aims at exploring multifaceted aspects of ethical consumers-organization relationships. It takes into consideration multiple manifestations of issues aroused by the relationship and the market transformations lead by said relationships. The first study explores the potential of collective ethical consumers grouped in Solidarity Purchasing Groups (GAS) engaged with organizations to cooperate in order to affect market mechanisms and determine ethical transformations. A collaboration enhanced at switching mainstream market mechanisms towards improving sustainability values based markets is established between the ethical consumers groups and producers. On the second study a questionable ethical and non ethical consumers relationship with sustainable businesses, specifically biomass energy producers, has been taken into consideration. Though being sustainable, the consumer-citizen relationship with the firm could lead both to positive and negative behaviours. The last research, stemming from a car sharing organization’s perspective, explores the potential of a sustainable business model to affect and modify towards sustainability features consumers’ attitudes and behaviours through the use of sustainable business model as the car sharing services.
CAVENAGO, MARCO. "ARTE SACRA IN ITALIA: LA SCUOLA BEATO ANGELICO DI MILANO (1921-1950)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/829725.
Full textIn October 1921, the Beato Angelico Higher School of Christian Art was born in Milan. Responsible for the initiative: Don Giuseppe Polvara, the architect Angelo Banfi, the painter Vanni Rossi, flanked by the sculptor Franco Lombardi, by the priests Adriano and Domenico Bernareggi, by the engineer Giovanni Dedè, by professor Giovanni Mamone and by the lawyer Carlo Antonio Vianello . There were nine pupils in the first school year, two of whom (the architects Don Giacomo Bettoli and Fortunato De Angeli) destined to remain in the School for many years as teachers: this also happened with the painter Ernesto Bergagna, who enrolled the following year. Starting from that event, the Italian context of sacred art was able to count on an element of indisputable novelty, destined within a few years to a rapid, widespread and stubborn affirmation in the Peninsula. The foundation of the Beato Angelico School put a stop to the age-old debate on the general decline of sacred art that had been staged for a long time in Italy as well as in major European countries. The formula conceived by Don Polvara put his personal, artistic and professional experiences into a system with the knowledge of the international context, some exemplary models and the comparison with groups and individual figures (artists, critics, men of the Church) animated by the common desire to contribute to the rebirth of sacred art. One hundred years after its birth - and seventy after the death of its founder - the Beato Angelico School (with the workshops of Architecture, Cesello, Embroidery, Painting and Restoration) still continues in the task of serving the Church through the creation of distinctive sacred furnishings and vestments. from a particular care of the artistic and liturgical aspect, object of repeated attestations of merit and acknowledgments in the ecclesiastical sphere. What is missing from the appeal so far is an organic attempt to reconstruct the historical events that marked the genesis and developments of this singular artistic and religious reality. The purpose of this thesis is therefore the return of a profile as detailed and reasoned as possible of the history of the Beato Angelico School, such as to bring this story back to the center of a historical situation and a complex cultural context, through an original work perspective conducted on thread of clarifications and rediscoveries. Given the "pioneering" nature of this research, the vastness of the materials and sources available and the consequent need to assign a recognizable chronological cut to the work, it was decided to limit the survey to the decades between 1921 and 1950, or between the foundation of Beato Angelico and the death of Giuseppe Polvara. As will be seen, the initial term is in a certain sense anticipated by the need to better outline the background and context from which the School originates (between the end of the 19th and the first decades of the 20th century). The year assumed at the end of the research, on the other hand, seemed an almost obligatory choice, coinciding with the first change in the direction of Beato Angelico as well as the desire to exclude from the discussion what started in the 1950s and 1960s, that is a new and different season in the field of sacred art (destined, among other things, to pass through the junction represented by the Second Vatican Council and by the action of St. Paul VI), which is however much investigated by historical-artistic studies. What made the drafting of this thesis possible is the fact that it relies, in large part, on unpublished archival materials or, at least, never examined before in a structured way. Access to the most historicized archive materials and their consultation (thanks to the availability shown by the direction of the Beato Angelico School) have decisively conditioned the discussion of the topics, the reconstruction of which, in some cases, is supported exclusively by documents found. The birth of the Beato Angelico School was not an isolated event in the panorama of European artistic production of the time nor an episode unrelated to what was being debated in the ecclesiastical world at the same time. The Polvara School was born in an era marked by great ecclesial ferment: think of the Ateliers d'Art Sacré founded by Maurice Denis and George Desvallières in Paris in 1919, only two years before the Milanese School, whose adherents - all lay people - they professed an intense and devoted religiosity. But, above all, the decisive and best known model by Polvara was the Beuron School (Beuroner Kunstschule), born in the homonymous German Benedictine abbey in the last quarter of the nineteenth century by father Desiderius Lenz and on whose example workshops specialized in the production of sacred art (furnishings and vestments for liturgical use) in many Benedictine communities in central Europe. Polvara's affinity with Benedictine spirituality is a key element of the School he founded: in fact, the (analogous) concept of "represented prayer" (orando labora) derived from the rule of the ora et labora. The very organization of the School, set up as in an ideal medieval workshop where teachers, apprentices and pupils collaborate and coexist, takes up the monastic lifestyle of the Benedictine monasteries. Precisely in order to preserve the character of the medieval workshop as much as possible, the number of students admitted to the School was never too high, so as to maintain an adequate and effective numerical ratio between disciples and masters. Again, from Beuron Fra Angelico drew the particular and unmistakable graphic form of the letter "e", recognizable in the numerous and long epigraphs present in many of his works. The last element in common between the Milanese and the German schools - but which can be attributed to the more general fascination for the medieval era - is the unity of purpose that must animate all the workers involved in creating a collective and anonymous work ad maiorem. Dei gloriam, where the contribution of the single author remains deliberately hidden in favor of the name of the School. What still differentiates the School from similar centers of production of sacred art is the fact that it rests its foundations on a religious congregation, the Beato Angelico Family, an idea long cultivated by Polvara and officially approved by the diocesan authority between the thirties and forties. From the common vocation to sacred artistic creation (the artist's "priestly mission") descend the practice of community life, the participation in the sacraments and the various daily moments of prayer by master priests, brothers and sisters artists, apprentices, pupils and pupils . The spiritual direction traced by the founder for his family still acts today as a guarantee of a strenuous fidelity in the continuity of a unique artistic and liturgical project, put into practice by a community of men and women linked together by the canonical vows of poverty, chastity. and obedience but above all from a common and higher intent. Precisely to ensure a prospect of survival and future development of his creature, Polvara always had a clear need to keep the training aspect (and therefore the teaching for students, adolescents and young people) united with that of production (due to the work of collaboration between teachers, apprentices and students). From an operational point of view, the artistic disciplines, practiced in the various laboratories in which the School is divided, contribute, without any exception and in the aforementioned anonymous and collective form, to create an organic and unitary artistic product, a "total work of art" which must respond to the address given by the master architect (Polvara himself), to whom devotion, respect and obedience are due. The architectural design is therefore assigned great importance and this means that the best representative works of the Beato Angelico School are those sacred buildings entirely made with the intervention of its laboratories for all or almost all the decorations, furnishings, furnishings and Milanese churches of S. Maria Beltrade, S. Vito al Giambellino, S. MM. Nabore and Felice, or the church of S. Eusebio in Agrate Brianza and the chapel of the religious institute of the daughters of S. Eusebio in Vercelli). As for the expressive languages used by the School (the so-called "style"), the preference for modern architectural rationalism is highlighted - a topic of stringent topicality, to which Polvara did not fail to give his personal theoretical and practical contribution - and that for Divisionism in painting, indebted to the ancient admiration for the work of Gaetano Previati. The interaction of these two forms gives rise to a recognizable language, modern and spiritual at the same time, verifiable in the buildings as in the individual works, the result of a profound sensitivity that combines the thoughtful recovery of some forms of the past (for example early Christian iconography reused in the decorative motifs of the vestments or in the shape of some artifacts, from the chalice to the tabernacle, to the chasuble-chasuble) with the impetus for a modern and functional style appropriate to the times but respectful of tradition.
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