Relevant bibliographies by topics / Growth (Plants); Radishes; Stress (Physiology)

Academic literature on the topic 'Growth (Plants); Radishes; Stress (Physiology)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Growth (Plants); Radishes; Stress (Physiology)"

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Mohamed, H. I., and E. Z. Gomaa. "Effect of plant growth promoting Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens on growth and pigment composition of radish plants (Raphanus sativus) under NaCl stress." Photosynthetica 50, no. 2 (June 1, 2012): 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11099-012-0032-8.

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Salazar-Garcia, Gisselle, Helber Enrique Balaguera-Lopez, and Juan Pablo Hernandez. "Effect of Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria Azospirillum brasilense on the Physiology of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) under Waterlogging Stress." Agronomy 12, no. 3 (March 17, 2022): 726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12030726.

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Stress due to waterlogging is considered an abiotic factor that negatively affects crop production, which, together with the excessive fertilization of crops, reduces cost-effectiveness and generates the need to create sustainable alternatives economically and environmentally. The effect of inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense on the physiology of the Raphanus sativus var. Crimson Giant subjected to waterlogging, was evaluated. Stomatal conductance, chlorophyll concentration and chlorophyll a fluorescence were analyzed to establish this effect, corroborating the beneficial effect of inoculation with A. brasilense in radish under waterlogging stress. The stomatal conductance of inoculated and waterlogged treatments presented the same values as the control plants, and photosystem II efficiency was favored in inoculated and waterlogged treatments (0.6 Fv/Fm) compared to non-inoculated and waterlogged treatments (0.3 Fv/Fm). The results suggested that this increased efficiency was due to the preservation of photosynthetic pigments in the tissues, allowing the preservation of stomatal conductance and a reduction in the amount of energy dissipated in the form of heat (fluorescence) due to inoculation with A. brasilense. Therefore, plant growth-promoting bacteria are responsible for activating and improving some physiological mechanisms of the plant.
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Chaki, Mounira, Juan C. Begara-Morales, and Juan B. Barroso. "Oxidative Stress in Plants." Antioxidants 9, no. 6 (June 3, 2020): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9060481.

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Hasanuzzaman, Mirza, and Masayuki Fujita. "Plant Oxidative Stress: Biology, Physiology and Mitigation." Plants 11, no. 9 (April 28, 2022): 1185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11091185.

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Johnson, Riya, Kanchan Vishwakarma, Md Shahadat Hossen, Vinod Kumar, A. M. Shackira, Jos T. Puthur, Gholamreza Abdi, Mohammad Sarraf, and Mirza Hasanuzzaman. "Potassium in plants: Growth regulation, signaling, and environmental stress tolerance." Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 172 (February 2022): 56–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.01.001.

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Mathur, Piyush, and Swarnendu Roy. "Nanosilica facilitates silica uptake, growth and stress tolerance in plants." Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 157 (December 2020): 114–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.10.011.

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KAMELI, A., and D. M. LOSEL. "Growth and sugar accumulation in durum wheat plants under water stress." New Phytologist 132, no. 1 (January 1996): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1996.tb04508.x.

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TRUȘCĂ, Mădălina, Ștefania GÂDEA, Valentina STOIAN, Anamaria VÂTCĂ, and Sorin VÂTCĂ. "Plants physiology in response to the saline stress interconnected effects." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 50, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 12677. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha50212677.

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Global climatic changes pose pressure both upon plant growth and also on crop distribution. Romania is threatened by the increase of salinity areas, reason of which, this topic becomes a relevant need to deepen and adapt the strategies of crop choice on a regional scale for sustainable cropping systems. Plants provide a series of physiological responses. Therefore, this study aim is to project and analyze the main interest of interconnected effects studies about salinity and crops physiological responses to this abiotic stress. A synthesis of 99 articles based on Web of Science Core Collection from the last five years was selected. The topics assessed were “climat change” combined with “soil salinity” also “plant physiological response” combined with “salt soil”. The most intensive connected topics studied in the analyzed period were about abiotic stresses as restrictors of crop yield. Among stresses, drought was highlight and most researches promote various techniques regarding plant growth enhancement with obtaining salt tolerant plants. Future research trend should be placed around different principal valuable crops. Starting with plant metabolism and responses to saline stress, continuing with soil, water, gas emissions, microbiological applications, all impacted by high salt content represent an important area on future development of research.
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Hoang, Thi-Lan-Huong, Dong-Cheol Jang, Quang-Tin Nguyen, Won-Ho Na, Il-Seop Kim, and Ngoc-Thang Vu. "Biochar-Improved Growth and Physiology of Ehretia asperula under Water-Deficit Condition." Applied Sciences 11, no. 22 (November 12, 2021): 10685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112210685.

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Ehretia asperula’s physiological responses to growth performance following oak-wood biochar application under water stress conditions (WSC) and no water stress conditions (non-WSC) were investigated in a pot experiment. Biochar (WB) was incorporated into the soil at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 tons ha−1 before transplanting Ehretia asperula in the pots. One month after transplanting, Ehretia asperula plants were put under water stress by withholding water for ten days. Water stress significantly decreased the growth and physiology of Ehretia asperula. Under WSC, the application of WB at the concentrations of 15 and 20 tons ha−1 to the soil increased the plant height; number of leaves; fresh and dry weight of the roots, shoots, and leaves; Fv/Fm; chlorophyll content; leaf relative water content; and soil moisture as well as decreased the relative ion leakage. The application of WB enhanced drought tolerance in Ehretia asperula plants by lowering the wilting point. The findings suggest that WB application at the concentration of 15 tons ha−1 could be recommended for ensuring the best physiological responses and highest growth of Ehretia asperula plants.
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Ma, Xinwei, Zhao Su, and Hong Ma. "Molecular genetic analyses of abiotic stress responses during plant reproductive development." Journal of Experimental Botany 71, no. 10 (February 19, 2020): 2870–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraa089.

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Abstract Plant responses to abiotic stresses during vegetative growth have been extensively studied for many years. Daily environmental fluctuations can have dramatic effects on plant vegetative growth at multiple levels, resulting in molecular, cellular, physiological, and morphological changes. Plants are even more sensitive to environmental changes during reproductive stages. However, much less is known about how plants respond to abiotic stresses during reproduction. Fortunately, recent advances in this field have begun to provide clues about these important processes, which promise further understanding and a potential contribution to maximize crop yield under adverse environments. Here we summarize information from several plants, focusing on the possible mechanisms that plants use to cope with different types of abiotic stresses during reproductive development, and present a tentative molecular portrait of plant acclimation during reproductive stages. Additionally, we discuss strategies that plants use to balance between survival and productivity, with some comparison among different plants that have adapted to distinct environments.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Growth (Plants); Radishes; Stress (Physiology)"

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Pessarakli, Mohammed, K. B. Marcum, and David M. Kopec. "Growth Responses of Desert Saltgrass under Salt Stress." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/216374.

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Saltgrass (Distichlis spicata), clonal accession WA-12, collected from Wilcox, Arizona was studied in a greenhouse to evaluate its growth responses in terms of shoot and root lengths, shoot fresh weight, and shoot and root dry weights under control and salt (sodium chloride) stress conditions. Plants were grown under control (no salt) and three levels of salt stress (100, 200, and 400mM NaCl equivalent to 6250, 12500, and 25,000 g Lᴮ¹ sodium chloride, respectively), using Hoagland solution in a hydroponics system. Plant shoots (clippings) were harvested weekly, oven dried at 60 °C, and dry weights recorded. At each harvest, both shoot and root lengths were measured and recorded. At the last harvest, plant roots were also harvested, oven dried, and dry weights were determined and recorded. The results show that the shoot and root lengths decreased with increasing the salinity levels, however, both shoot fresh and dry weights significantly increased at 200mM NaCl salinity compared with the control or the 400mM NaCl level. Root dry weights at both 200mM and 400mM NaCl salinity levels were significantly higher than the control.
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Gessler, Noah, and Mohammed Pessarakli. "Growth Responses and Nitrogen Uptake of Saltgrass under Salinity Stress." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/216643.

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Various saltgrass (Distichlis spicata) clones were studied in a greenhouse to evaluate their growth responses in terms of shoot and root lengths and shoot and root dry matter (DM) weights under salt stress. Plants were grown hydroponically using Hoagland solution No. 1. Treatments included control plants and plants grown with salt (NaCl) at EC of 20 dSm⁻¹. Twelve different clones were grown with four replications of each variety. Plants were grown in a randomized complete block (RCB) design. Plant shoots (clippings) were harvested weekly, oven-dried at 60° C and DM weights were recorded. At the last harvest, plant roots were also harvested, oven-dried at 60°C and DM weights were determined and recorded. The results show increased shoot length in control plants, increased root length in most of the plants grown in saline conditions, greater shoot dry weight in control plants and greater root dry weight in saline plants. All results for shoots are based on a weekly average for six weeks and for roots are based on an average of the four replicated clones at the end of the study.
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Pessarakli, Mohammed, David M. Kopec, and Jeff J. Gilbert. "Growth Responses of Selected Warm-Season Turfgrasses under Salt Stress." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/216660.

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Use of low quality/saline water for turf irrigation, especially in regions experiencing water shortage is increasing. This imposes more salt stress on turfgrasses which are already under stress in these regions. Therefore, there is a great need for salt tolerant turfgrasses to survive under such stressful conditions. This study was conducted in a greenhouse, using hydroponics system, to compare growth responses of three warmseason turfgrasses, bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.), cv. Tifway 419, seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz), cv. Sea Isle 2000, and saltgrass (Distichlis spicata L), accession A55 in terms of shoot and root lengths and DM, and canopy green color (CGC) under salt stress condition. Whole plants, stolons, and rhizomes were grown in Hoagland solution for 4 months prior to initiation of salt stress. Then, plants were grown for 12 weeks under 4 treatments (control, 7000, 14000, and 21000 mg/L NaCl) with 4 replications in a RCB design trial. During the stress period, shoots were clipped bi-weekly for DM production, shoot and root lengths were measured, and CGC was evaluated weekly. The bi-weekly clippings and the roots at the last harvest were oven dried at 60o C and DM weights were recorded. Shoot and root lengths and shoot DM weights decreased linearly with increased salinity for bermudagrass and paspalum. However, for saltgrass these values increased at all NaCl levels compared with the control. For bermudagrass and paspalum, the highest values were obtained when the whole plants were used, and the lowest ones resulted when the rhizomes were used. The reverse was found for saltgrass. For the control plants, the measured factors were higher and the canopy colors were greener for bermudagrass and paspalum compared with saltgrass. The canopy color changed to lighter green for bermudagrass and paspalum as NaCl salinity increased, but saltgrass maintained the same color regardless of the level of salinity.
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Ingarfield, Patricia Jean. "Effect of water stress and arbuscular mycorrhiza on the plant growth and antioxidant potential of Pelargonium reniforme Curtis and Pelargonium sidoides DC." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2794.

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Thesis (MTech (Horticulture))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.
Pelargoniums have been studied extensively for their medicinal properties. P. reniforme and P. sidoides in particular are proven to possess antimicrobial, antifungal and antibiotic abilities due to their high antioxidant potential from compounds isolated from their tuberous roots. These plants have now been added to the medicine trade market and this is now causing concern for conservationists and they are generally harvested from the wild populations. This study evaluated the effect of water stress alone and in conjunction with arbuscular mycorrhiza on two species of Pelargoniums grown in a soilless medium. The experiment consisted of five different watering regimes which were applied to one hundred plants of each species without inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhiza and to one hundred plants of each species in conjunction with inoculation with AM. All the plants in the experiment were fed with a half-strength, standard Hoagland nutrient solution at varying rates viz. once daily to pot capacity, every three days to pot capacity, every six days to pot capacity, every twelve days to pot capacity and every twenty-four days to pot capacity. The objectives of the study were to measure the nutrient uptake, SPAD-502 levels (chlorophyll production) and metabolite (phenolics) formation of both species, grown under various rates of irrigation and water stress, as well with or without the addition of arbuscular mycorrhiza at planting out. Each treatment consisted of 10 replicates. SPAD-502 levels were measured weekly using a hand held SPAD-502 meter. Determination of nutrient uptake of macronutrients N, K, P, Ca, Mg and Na and micronutrients Cu, Zn, Mn, Al and B were measured from dry plant material at the end of the experiment by Bemlab, 16 Van Der Berg Crescent, Gants Centre, Strand. Plant growth in terms of wet and dry shoot and root weight were measured after harvest. Determination of concentrations of secondary metabolites (phenolic compounds) were assayed and measured spectrophotometrically at the end of the experiment. The highest significant reading of wet shoot weight for P. reniforme was taken in treatments 1 and 2 with and without mycorrhiza i.e. WF1, WF1M, WF2 and WF2M, with the highest mean found in WF1 with no mycorrhiza. This indicates that under high irrigation AM plays no part in plant growth, possibly due to leaching. More research is necessary in this regard. With regard to wet root weight, this was found to be not significant in any of the treatments, other than the longest roots being found in WF4. Measurements for dry root weight showed that WF1,2,3 and 5 were the most significant at P≤ 0.001 significance, with the highest weight found at treatment being WF3 and WF3M. The highest mean of shoot length of the plants was measured in treatment WF2 at moderate watering, but no statistical difference was found with water application and mycorrhiza addition. Nutrient uptake was increased in P. sidoides in all the different watering levels in the experiment except in the uptake of Mg. AM inoculation showed an increase in the uptake of Ca, while absorption of N occurred at higher water availability. K uptake was enhanced by the addition of AM in high water availability and K utilisation decreased as water stress increased. Medium to low watering resulted in higher leaf content in P. sidoides while the interaction between water availability and AM inoculation increased chlorophyll production towards the end of the experiment.
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Pessarakli, Mohammed, K. B. Marcum, David M. Kopec, and Y. L. Qian. "Interactive Effects of Salinity and Primo on the Growth of Kentucky Bluegrass." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/216562.

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Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), cv. Nu Star was studied in a greenhouse to evaluate its growth responses in terms of shoot length and dry weight under NaCl (sodium chloride) salinity and different levels of Trinexapac-ethyl( primo Max). Plants were grown hydroponically under control and one level of salinity [EC (electrical conductivity) of 5 dS/m] and three levels of primo Max (0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 oz/1000 ft²), using Hoagland solution No. 1. Plant shoots (clippings) were harvested weekly, oven dried at 60 oC, and dry weights recorded. At each harvest, shoot length was measured and recorded, percent visual canopy green cover was also estimated. The results show that shoot length and shoot dry weight (DW) of Kentucky bluegrass significantly decreased with both salinity and primo treatments, although the differences in shoot length and shoot DW were not significant between primo treatments at 0.6 and 0.9 oz/1000 ft² application rates. The green coverage of the turf canopy decreased under salinity stress, and the reduction of green canopy coverage by salinity was more pronounced when turf was treated by primo, suggesting that primo significantly reduced the salt tolerance of Kentucky bluegrass. The above results were observed for both cumulative as well as the weekly growth responses.
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Mohammed, Abdul R. "Effects of High Nighttime Temperature and Role of Plant Growth Regulators on Growth, Development and Physiology of Rice Plants." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-05-596.

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Seasonally high nighttime temperatures (HNT) along the United States Gulf Coast and in regions of similar climate, during the critical stages of development, could reduce rice yield and quality. To study the effects of HNT on plant physiology, a method for applying a controlled heating treatment to plant canopies was developed using overhead infrared heaters, which are relatively inexpensive and are accurate, precise and reliable in rapidly controlling the temperature. The apparatus successfully maintained air temperatures within the set points plus/minus 0.5 degrees C, and was used for all the experiments. Several experiments were conducted to determine the response of various physiological parameters during and following exposure of rice plants to HNT (32 degrees C) or ambient nighttime temperature (ANT) (27 degrees C) starting from 2000 h until 0600 h, and with or without plant growth regulator treatments. The plant growth regulator treatments included alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), glycine betaine (GB), and salicylic acid (SA), which play different roles in inducing thermo-tolerance in plants. High nighttime temperature had no effect on plant height, number of tillers and panicles, or rice net leaf photosynthetic rates. However, HNT increased leaf respiration (dark respiration in the night) (21%) and decreased membrane thermo-stability (60%), pollen germination (20%), spikelet fertility (18% as a % of total spikelets), grain length (2%), and grain width (2%). The HNT also hastened plant development. The combinations of these effects decreased rice yield by 90%. Moreover, under HNT, there were decreases in leaf chlorophyll concentration (7%) and nitrogen concentration (18%). Application of GB and SA increased total antioxidant capacity of the rice plants by 17%, thereby decreasing the leaf respiration rates, increasing membrane thermo-stability, pollen germination, and spikelet fertility, thus increasing the yield. High nighttime temperature decreased leaf starch concentration (14%), grain total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) concentration (9%), and grain extractable invertase activity (20%). Vitamin E- or GB-treated plants had greater grain soluble-sugar concentrations, whereas SA-treated plants had greater leaf soluble-sugar concentrations and lower grain TNC concentrations. Invertase activity was shown to be not rate limiting or required for sucrose degradation for starch synthesis in grain of 'Cocodrie' rice under short-term high nighttime temperatures exposures during grain filling. In conclusion, HNT decreased rice yield by increasing plant respiration, rate of crop development, and decreasing membrane thermo-stability, pollen germination, spikelet fertility and grain dimensions. Exogenous application of GB and SA increased yields under HNT, possibly acting through increased antioxidant levels, which might have protected the membranes and enzymes against heat-induced ROS-mediated degradation.
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Books on the topic "Growth (Plants); Radishes; Stress (Physiology)"

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Polacco, J. C., and Lorenzo Lamattina. Nitric Oxide in Plant Growth, Development and Stress Physiology. Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, 2010.

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(Editor), Lorenzo Lamattina, and Joseph C. Polacco (Editor), eds. Nitric Oxide in Plant Growth, Development and Stress Physiology (Plant Cell Monographs). Springer, 2007.

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Maheshwari, Dinesh K. Bacteria in Agrobiology: Stress Management. Springer, 2014.

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S, Brown Christopher, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Protein expression in Arabidopsis Thaliana after chronic clinorotation. [Kennedy Space Center, FL: The Bionetics Corporation, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Growth (Plants); Radishes; Stress (Physiology)"

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Park, Yoo Gyeong, Abinaya Manivannan, Prabhakaran Soundararajan, and Byoung Ryong Jeong. "Plant Growth Regulation." In Stress Physiology of Woody Plants, 69–91. Boca Raton, Florida : CRC Press, 2019.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429190476-4.

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Peterson, Bryan J., and Renae E. Moran. "Plant Growth and Development." In Stress Physiology of Woody Plants, 15–47. Boca Raton, Florida : CRC Press, 2019.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429190476-2.

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Sirhindi, Geetika. "Brassinosteroids: Biosynthesis and Role in Growth, Development, and Thermotolerance Responses." In Molecular Stress Physiology of Plants, 309–29. India: Springer India, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-0807-5_13.

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Banerjee, Aditya, and Aryadeep Roychoudhury. "Effect of Salinity Stress on Growth and Physiology of Medicinal Plants." In Medicinal Plants and Environmental Challenges, 177–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68717-9_10.

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Sung, Shi-Jean S., and Paul P. Kormanik. "Sucrose metabolism, growth and transplanting stress in sweetgum seedling taproots and stems." In The Supporting Roots of Trees and Woody Plants: Form, Function and Physiology, 269–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3469-1_26.

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Borde, Mahesh, Mayura Dudhane, and Mohan Kulkarni. "Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) in Salinity Tolerance and Growth Response in Plants Under Salt Stress Conditions." In Mycorrhiza - Eco-Physiology, Secondary Metabolites, Nanomaterials, 71–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57849-1_5.

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Haque, Momezul, Karabi Biswas, and Sankar Narayan Sinha. "Phytoremediation Strategies of Some Plants under Heavy Metal Stress." In Plant Stress Physiology [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94406.

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Environments are polluted with heavy metals across the world because of increase in industrial garbage and sewage. Plants which are grow in polluted areas shows a reduction in growth, performance, productivity. Heavy metals affect physiological and biological process of plants. Heavy metals show metallic properties which are very harmful to the plants. Accumulation of heavy metals in plants through root are caused root malformation reduction in biomass and seed production, decrease in chlorophyll-aand carotenoid content. Phytoremediation is a natural biological process through which plants remove, detoxify or immobilise environmental heavy metals in a growth matrix.
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Sharma, Sakshi, Inderpreet Kaur, and Avinash Kaur Nagpal. "Role of Plant Growth Regulators in Abiotic Stress Tolerance." In Environmental Stress Physiology of Plants and Crop Productivity, 158–82. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9781681087900121010014.

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Junttila, Olavi, and Åse Kaurin. "Environmental Control of Growth Behavior and Cold Hardiness in Arctic and Subarctic Plants." In Low Temperature Stress Physiology in Crops, 91–106. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351074186-8.

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Irina Cordea, Mirela, and Orsolya Borsai. "Salt and Water Stress Responses in Plants." In Plant Stress Physiology - Perspectives in Agriculture [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101072.

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Climate change-driven ecological disturbances have a great impact on freshwater availability which hampers agricultural production. Currently, drought and salinity are the two major abiotic stress factors responsible for the reduction of crop yields worldwide. Increasing soil salt concentration decreases plant water uptake leading to an apparent water limitation and later to the accumulation of toxic ions in various plant organs which negatively affect plant growth. Plants are autotrophic organisms that function with simple inorganic molecules, but the underlying pathways of defense mechanisms are much more complex and harder to unravel. However, the most promising strategy to achieve sustainable agriculture and to meet the future global food demand, is the enhancement of crop stress tolerance through traditional breeding techniques and genetic engineering. Therefore, it is very important to better understand the tolerance mechanisms of the plants, including signaling pathways, biochemical and physiological responses. Although, these mechanisms are based on a well-defined set of basic responses, they can vary among different plant species.
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Conference papers on the topic "Growth (Plants); Radishes; Stress (Physiology)"

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Arkhipova, T. N., and E. V. Martynenko. "The effect of hormone producing bacteria on plant growth and stress tolerance." In IX Congress of society physiologists of plants of Russia "Plant physiology is the basis for creating plants of the future". Kazan University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/978-5-00130-204-9-2019-48.

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Lukatkin, A. S., D. I. Bashmakov, E. Sh Sharkaeva, and A. A. Lukatkin. "Determining the effectiveness of growth regulators in the analysis of the effects of stress factors on plants." In IX Congress of society physiologists of plants of Russia "Plant physiology is the basis for creating plants of the future". Kazan University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/978-5-00130-204-9-2019-264.

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Apollonov, V. I. "Regulation of autophagy, cell death and growth under salt stress in barley varieties with different salt tolerance." In IX Congress of society physiologists of plants of Russia "Plant physiology is the basis for creating plants of the future". Kazan University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/978-5-00130-204-9-2019-47.

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Samokhina, V. V., I. Dreer, D. Riedelsberger, V. S. Matskevich, A. I. Sokolik, I. I. Smolich, and V. V. Demidchik. "Analysis of stress-induced potassium loss and modification of growth processes in Arabidopsis thaliana plants lacking an ROS sensory center in the GORK potassium channel complex." In IX Congress of society physiologists of plants of Russia "Plant physiology is the basis for creating plants of the future". Kazan University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/978-5-00130-204-9-2019-389.

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Reports on the topic "Growth (Plants); Radishes; Stress (Physiology)"

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Fait, Aaron, Grant Cramer, and Avichai Perl. Towards improved grape nutrition and defense: The regulation of stilbene metabolism under drought. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594398.bard.

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The goals of the present research proposal were to elucidate the physiological and molecular basis of the regulation of stilbene metabolism in grape, against the background of (i) grape metabolic network behavior in response to drought and of (ii) varietal diversity. The specific objectives included the study of the physiology of the response of different grape cultivars to continuous WD; the characterization of the differences and commonalities of gene network topology associated with WD in berry skin across varieties; the study of the metabolic response of developing berries to continuous WD with specific attention to the stilbene compounds; the integration analysis of the omics data generated; the study of isolated drought-associated stress factors on the regulation of stilbene biosynthesis in plantaand in vitro. Background to the topic Grape quality has a complex relationship with water input. Regulated water deficit (WD) is known to improve wine grapes by reducing the vine growth (without affecting fruit yield) and boosting sugar content (Keller et al. 2008). On the other hand, irregular rainfall during the summer can lead to drought-associated damage of fruit developmental process and alter fruit metabolism (Downey et al., 2006; Tarara et al., 2008; Chalmers et al., 792). In areas undergoing desertification, WD is associated with high temperatures. This WD/high temperature synergism can limit the areas of grape cultivation and can damage yields and fruit quality. Grapes and wine are the major source of stilbenes in human nutrition, and multiple stilbene-derived compounds, including isomers, polymers and glycosylated forms, have also been characterized in grapes (Jeandet et al., 2002; Halls and Yu, 2008). Heterologous expression of stilbenesynthase (STS) in a variety of plants has led to an enhanced resistance to pathogens, but in others the association has not been proven (Kobayashi et al., 2000; Soleas et al., 1995). Tomato transgenic plants harboring a grape STS had increased levels of resveratrol, ascorbate, and glutathione at the expense of the anthocyanin pathways (Giovinazzo et al. 2005), further emphasizing the intermingled relation among secondary metabolic pathways. Stilbenes are are induced in green and fleshy parts of the berries by biotic and abiotic elicitors (Chong et al., 2009). As is the case for other classes of secondary metabolites, the biosynthesis of stilbenes is not very well understood, but it is known to be under tight spatial and temporal control, which limits the availability of these compounds from plant sources. Only very few studies have attempted to analyze the effects of different environmental components on stilbene accumulation (Jeandet et al., 1995; Martinez-Ortega et al., 2000). Targeted analyses have generally shown higher levels of resveratrol in the grape skin (induced), in seeded varieties, in varieties of wine grapes, and in dark-skinned varieties (Gatto et al., 2008; summarized by Bavaresco et al., 2009). Yet, the effect of the grape variety and the rootstock on stilbene metabolism has not yet been thoroughly investigated (Bavaresco et al., 2009). The study identified a link between vine hydraulic behavior and physiology of stress with the leaf metabolism, which the PIs believe can eventually lead to the modifications identified in the developing berries that interested the polyphenol metabolism and its regulation during development and under stress. Implications are discussed below.
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2

LaBonte, Don, Etan Pressman, Nurit Firon, and Arthur Villordon. Molecular and Anatomical Characterization of Sweetpotato Storage Root Formation. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592648.bard.

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Original objectives: Anatomical study of storage root initiation and formation. Induction of storage root formation. Isolation and characterization of genes involved in storage root formation. During the normal course of storage root development. Following stress-induced storage root formation. Background:Sweetpotato is a high value vegetable crop in Israel and the U.S. and acreage is expanding in both countries and the research herein represents an important backstop to improving quality, consistency, and yield. This research has two broad objectives, both relating to sweetpotato storage root formation. The first objective is to understand storage root inductive conditions and describe the anatomical and physiological stages of storage root development. Sweetpotato is propagated through vine cuttings. These vine cuttings form adventitious roots, from pre-formed primordiae, at each node underground and it is these small adventitious roots which serve as initials for storage and fibrous (non-storage) “feeder” roots. What perplexes producers is the tremendous variability in storage roots produced from plant to plant. The marketable root number may vary from none to five per plant. What has intrigued us is the dearth of research on sweetpotato during the early growth period which we hypothesize has a tremendous impact on ultimate consistency and yield. The second objective is to identify genes that change the root physiology towards either a fleshy storage root or a fibrous “feeder” root. Understanding which genes affect the ultimate outcome is central to our research. Major conclusions: For objective one, we have determined that the majority of adventitious roots that are initiated within 5-7 days after transplanting possess the anatomical features associated with storage root initiation and account for 86 % of storage root count at 65 days after transplanting. These data underscore the importance of optimizing the growing environment during the critical storage root initiation period. Water deprivation during this phenological stage led to substantial reduction in storage root number and yield as determined through growth chamber, greenhouse, and field experiments. Morphological characterization of adventitious roots showed adjustments in root system architecture, expressed as lateral root count and density, in response to water deprivation. For objective two, we generated a transcriptome of storage and lignified (non-storage) adventitious roots. This transcriptome database consists of 55,296 contigs and contains data as regards to differential expression between initiating and lignified adventitious roots. The molecular data provide evidence that a key regulatory mechanism in storage root initiation involves the switch between lignin biosynthesis and cell division and starch accumulation. We extended this research to identify genes upregulated in adventitious roots under drought stress. A subset of these genes was expressed in salt stressed plants.
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3

Shani, Uri, Lynn Dudley, Alon Ben-Gal, Menachem Moshelion, and Yajun Wu. Root Conductance, Root-soil Interface Water Potential, Water and Ion Channel Function, and Tissue Expression Profile as Affected by Environmental Conditions. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7592119.bard.

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Constraints on water resources and the environment necessitate more efficient use of water. The key to efficient management is an understanding of the physical and physiological processes occurring in the soil-root hydraulic continuum.While both soil and plant leaf water potentials are well understood, modeled and measured, the root-soil interface where actual uptake processes occur has not been sufficiently studied. The water potential at the root-soil interface (yᵣₒₒₜ), determined by environmental conditions and by soil and plant hydraulic properties, serves as a boundary value in soil and plant uptake equations. In this work, we propose to 1) refine and implement a method for measuring yᵣₒₒₜ; 2) measure yᵣₒₒₜ, water uptake and root hydraulic conductivity for wild type tomato and Arabidopsis under varied q, K⁺, Na⁺ and Cl⁻ levels in the root zone; 3) verify the role of MIPs and ion channels response to q, K⁺ and Na⁺ levels in Arabidopsis and tomato; 4) study the relationships between yᵣₒₒₜ and root hydraulic conductivity for various crops representing important botanical and agricultural species, under conditions of varying soil types, water contents and salinity; and 5) integrate the above to water uptake term(s) to be implemented in models. We have made significant progress toward establishing the efficacy of the emittensiometer and on the molecular biology studies. We have added an additional method for measuring ψᵣₒₒₜ. High-frequency water application through the water source while the plant emerges and becomes established encourages roots to develop towards and into the water source itself. The yᵣₒₒₜ and yₛₒᵢₗ values reflected wetting and drying processes in the rhizosphere and in the bulk soil. Thus, yᵣₒₒₜ can be manipulated by changing irrigation level and frequency. An important and surprising finding resulting from the current research is the obtained yᵣₒₒₜ value. The yᵣₒₒₜ measured using the three different methods: emittensiometer, micro-tensiometer and MRI imaging in both sunflower, tomato and corn plants fell in the same range and were higher by one to three orders of magnitude from the values of -600 to -15,000 cm suggested in the literature. We have added additional information on the regulation of aquaporins and transporters at the transcript and protein levels, particularly under stress. Our preliminary results show that overexpression of one aquaporin gene in tomato dramatically increases its transpiration level (unpublished results). Based on this information, we started screening mutants for other aquaporin genes. During the feasibility testing year, we identified homozygous mutants for eight aquaporin genes, including six mutants for five of the PIP2 genes. Including the homozygous mutants directly available at the ABRC seed stock center, we now have mutants for 11 of the 19 aquaporin genes of interest. Currently, we are screening mutants for other aquaporin genes and ion transporter genes. Understanding plant water uptake under stress is essential for the further advancement of molecular plant stress tolerance work as well as for efficient use of water in agriculture. Virtually all of Israel’s agriculture and about 40% of US agriculture is made possible by irrigation. Both countries face increasing risk of water shortages as urban requirements grow. Both countries will have to find methods of protecting the soil resource while conserving water resources—goals that appear to be in direct conflict. The climate-plant-soil-water system is nonlinear with many feedback mechanisms. Conceptual plant uptake and growth models and mechanism-based computer-simulation models will be valuable tools in developing irrigation regimes and methods that maximize the efficiency of agricultural water. This proposal will contribute to the development of these models by providing critical information on water extraction by the plant that will result in improved predictions of both water requirements and crop yields. Plant water use and plant response to environmental conditions cannot possibly be understood by using the tools and language of a single scientific discipline. This proposal links the disciplines of soil physics and soil physical chemistry with plant physiology and molecular biology in order to correctly treat and understand the soil-plant interface in terms of integrated comprehension. Results from the project will contribute to a mechanistic understanding of the SPAC and will inspire continued multidisciplinary research.
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