Journal articles: 'Growth of single crystals'

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Tian, Ruifeng, Mingyan Pan, Lu Zhang, and Hongji Qi. "Crystal growth and spectral properties of (Yb0.15Lu0.85xY0.85-0.85x)3Al5O12 single crystals." Chinese Optics Letters 20, no. 12 (2022): 121601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col202220.121601.

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Feigelson, Robert S. "Growth of Single Crystal Fibers." MRS Bulletin 13, no. 10 (October 1988): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400064198.

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Single-crystal fibers represent perhaps one of the most underexplored areas of material science. Despite some early interest and excitement 30 years ago, the lack of immediate applications led to a decline in research activity, and until recently, little was known about their growth behavior and properties. During the past few years single-crystal fiber research has been revived and preliminary results have stimulated considerable interest in the scientific community.At present, the most extensive and broadly based single-crystal fiber program is at Stanford University, where the focus has been on studying fibers for optical applications. This program emerged from a desire to combine the light-guiding properties of fiber geometries with the unique physical properties of crystalline materials, as was done during the last decade for glass fiber applications. Such materials could lead to a range of novel devices with higher efficiencies than possible in bulk crystals. But single-crystal fiber growth technology may have an even broader applicability. While single-crystal fibers of semiconductor, superconductor, and high strength materials could play an important role in future device applications, an important current use for the single-crystal fiber growth technology is in preparing single crystals of a wide variety of materials for property evaluation. Fiber crystals may have much higher crystalline perfection than bulk crystals of the same composition, making them useful for studying the intrinsic properties of a material and for improving device performance. Other areas of interest which have been identified include metastable phase formation and the growth of oriented ferroic domain and multiphase structures.

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Fisher, John G., Su-Hyeon Sim, Trung Thành Ðoàn, Eugenie Uwiragiye, Jungwi Mok, and Junseong Lee. "Comparison of (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 Single Crystals Grown by Seed-Free and Seeded Solid-State Single Crystal Growth." Materials 16, no. 10 (May 10, 2023): 3638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16103638.

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(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3-based piezoelectric ceramics are of interest as a lead-free replacement for Pb(Zr,Ti)O3. In recent years, single crystals of (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 with improved properties have been grown by the seed-free solid-state crystal growth method, in which the base composition is doped with a specific amount of donor dopant, inducing a few grains to grow abnormally large and form single crystals. Our laboratory experienced difficulty obtaining repeatable single crystal growth using this method. To try and overcome this problem, single crystals of 0.985(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3-0.015Ba1.05Nb0.77O3 and 0.985(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3-0.015Ba(Cu0.13Nb0.66)O3 were grown both by seed-free solid-state crystal growth and by seeded solid-state crystal growth using [001] and [110]-oriented KTaO3 seed crystals. X-ray diffraction was carried out on the bulk samples to confirm that single-crystal growth had taken place. Scanning electron microscopy was used to study sample microstructure. Chemical analysis was carried out using electron-probe microanalysis. The single crystal growth behaviour is explained using the mixed control mechanism of grain growth. Single crystals of (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 could be grown by both seed-free and seeded solid-state crystal growth. Use of Ba(Cu0.13Nb0.66)O3 allowed a significant reduction in porosity in the single crystals. For both compositions, single crystal growth on [001]-oriented KTaO3 seed crystals was more extensive than previously reported in the literature. Large (~8 mm) and relatively dense (<8% porosity) single crystals of 0.985(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3-0.015Ba(Cu0.13Nb0.66)O3 can be grown using a [001]-oriented KTaO3 seed crystal. However, the problem of repeatable single crystal growth remains.

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Aisling, Lynch, and Rasmuson Åke. "Crystal Growth of Single Salicylamide Crystals." Crystal Growth & Design 19, no. 12 (October 21, 2019): 7230–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.9b01101.

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Zhou, Wuzong. "Reversed Crystal Growth." Crystals 9, no. 1 (December 22, 2018): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9010007.

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In the last decade, a reversed growth route has been found in many crystal growth processes. In these systems, a single crystal does not develop from a single nucleus. The precursor molecules/ions or nanocrystallites aggregate into some large amorphous or polycrystalline particles. Multiple-nucleation on the surface of the amorphous particles or surface re-crystallization of the polycrystalline particles then takes place, forming a single crystal shell with a regular morphology. Finally, the crystallization extends from the surface to the core to form single crystals. This non-classical crystal growth route often results in some special morphologies, such as core-shell structures, hollow single crystals, sandwich structures, etc. This article gives a brief review of the research into reversed crystal growth and demonstrates that investigation of detailed mechanisms of crystal growth enables us to better understand the formation of many novel morphologies of the crystals. Some unsolved problems are also discussed.

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Golubovic, Aleksandar, Slobodanka Nikolic, Stevan Djuric, and Andreja Valcic. "The growth of sapphire single crystals." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 66, no. 6 (2001): 411–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0106411g.

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Sapphire (Al2O3) single crystals were grown by the Czochralski technique both in air and argon atmospheres. The conditions for growing sapphire single crystals were calculated by using a combination of Reynolds and Grash of numbers. Acritical crystal diameter dc = 20 mm and the critical rate of rotation c = 20 rpm were calculated from the hydrodynamics of the melt. The value of the rate of crystal growth was experimentally found to be 3.5 mm/h. According to our previous experiments, it was confirmed that three hours exposures to conc. H3PO4 at 593 K was suitable for chemical polishing. Also, three hours exposure to conc.H3PO4 at 523Kwas found to be a suitable etching solution. The lattice parameters a = 0.47573 nm and c = 1.29893 nm were determined by X-ray powder diffraction. The obtained results are discussed and compared with published data.

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LEE, Ho-Yong. "“Generation III” Piezoelectric Single Crystals Developed by Solid-State Single Crystal Growth Method." Ceramist 24, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 273–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31613/ceramist.2021.24.3.07.

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Crystallographically engineered Relaxor-PT single crystals, specifically PMN-PT (Generation I) and PIN-PMN-PT/PMN-PZT (Generation II), offer much higher piezoelectric and electromechanical coupling coefficients (d33>1,500 pC/N, k33>0.9), when compared to polycrystalline PZT-5H ceramics (d33>600 pC/N, k33>0.75). Recently Ceracomp Co., Ltd. (www.ceracomp.com) has developed the solid-state single crystal growth (SSCG) technique and successfully fabricated Gen III PMN-PZT single crystals modified with acceptors or donors. The piezoelectric constants (d33) of (001) Gen III PMN-PZT single crystals were measured to be higher than 4,000 pC/N and thus about two times higher than those of PMN-PT/PZN-PT (Gen I) and PIN-PMN-PT/PMN-PZT (Gen II) single crystals. The Gen III PMN-PZT single crystals have been firstly applied to single crystal-epoxy composites, ultrasonic transducers, piezoelectric sensors, and piezoelectric actuators. In this paper we introduce the development of Gen III PMN-PZT single crystals, piezoelectric composites and multilayer single crystal actuators.

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Golubovic, Aleksandar, Slobodanka Nikolic, Rados Gajic, Stevan Djuric, and Andreja Valcic. "The growth of Nd: YAG single crystals." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 67, no. 4 (2002): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0204291g.

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Y3Al5O12 doped with 0.8%wt.Nd (Nd:YAG) single crystals were grown by the Czochralski technique under an argon atmosphere. The conditions for growing the Nd:YAG single crystals were calculated by using a combination of Reynolds and Grashof numbers. The critical crystal diameter and the critical rate of rotation were calculated from the hydrodynamics of the melt. The crystal diameter Dc=1.5 cm remained constant during the crystal growth while the critical rate of rotation changed from ?c=38 rpm after necking to ?c=13 rpm at the end of the crystal. The value of the rate of crystal growth was experimentally found to be 0.8?1.0 mm/h. According to our previous experiments, it was confirmed that 20 min exposure to conc. H3PO4 at 603 K was suitable for chemical polishing. Also, one-hour exposure to conc. H3PO4 at 493 K was found to be suitable for etching. The lattice parameter a=1.201 (1) nm was determined by X-ray powder diffraction. The obtained results are discussed and compared with published data.

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Bobowski, Jake S., Naoki Kikugawa, Takuto Miyoshi, Haruki Suwa, Han-shu Xu, Shingo Yonezawa, Dmitry A. Sokolov, Andrew P. Mackenzie, and Yoshiteru Maeno. "Improved Single-Crystal Growth of Sr2RuO4." Condensed Matter 4, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/condmat4010006.

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High-quality single crystals are essentially needed for the investigation of the novel bulk properties of unconventional superconductors. The availability of such crystals grown by the floating-zone method has helped to unveil the unconventional superconductivity of the layered perovskite Sr2RuO4, which is considered as a strong candidate of a topological spin-triplet superconductor. Yet, recent progress of investigations urges further efforts to obtain ultimately high-quality crystalline samples. In this paper, we focus on the method of preparation of feed rods for the floating-zone melting and report on the improvements of the crystal growth. We present details of the improved methods used to obtain crystals with superconducting transition temperatures Tc that are consistently as high as 1.4 K, as well as the properties of these crystals.

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Pandurangan, Koteeswari, and Sagadevan Suresh. "Synthesis, Growth, and Characterization of Bisglycine Hydrobromide Single Crystal." Journal of Materials 2014 (June 29, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/362678.

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Single crystals of BGHB were grown by slow evaporation technique. The unit cell dimensions and space group of the grown crystals were confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The modes of vibration of the molecules and the presence of functional groups were identified using FTIR technique. The microhardness study shows that the Vickers hardness number of the crystal increases with the increase in applied load. The optical properties of the crystals were determined using UV-Visible spectroscopy. The thermal properties of the grown crystal were also determined. The refractive index was determined as 1.396 using Brewster’s angle method. The emission of green light on passing the Nd: YAG laser light confirmed the second harmonic generation property of the crystals and the SHG efficiency of the crystals was found to be higher than that of KDP. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss measurements were carried out for different temperatures and frequencies. The ac conductivity study of the crystals was also discussed. The photoconductivity studies confirm that the grown crystal has negative photoconductivity nature. The etching studies were carried out to study the formation of etch pits.

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XU, JIAYUE. "FLUX BRIDGMAN GROWTH OF FUNCTIONAL OXIDE SINGLE CRYSTALS." Functional Materials Letters 01, no. 03 (December 2008): 247–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s179360470800040x.

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The vertical Bridgman technique was an effective technique to grow congruent oxide crystals. However, it is difficult to grow incongruent crystals due to the erosion of the fluxes on seeds which was usually put at the bottom of the crucible. Recently, we developed a flux Bridgman growth process for some difficult-grown functional crystals, such as PZNT, ZnO and SLN. The properties of as-grown crystals were characterized and the crystal quality was evaluated. The results show that the flux Bridgman method is a potential approach to grow incongruent oxide crystals for industrial applications.

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12

Wang, Xu, and Yongmin Zhou. "Research on Single Crystal Preparation via Dynamic Liquid Phase Method." Crystals 13, no. 7 (July 24, 2023): 1150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13071150.

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Traditional liquid phase methods for growing single crystals are static growth methods, which include seed crystal sedimentation growth and seed crystal clamping growth using seed crystal holders. Single crystals grown via seed crystal sedimentation often have a flat and elongated shape, and the region in contact with the bottom of the container is restricted during growth, resulting in significant defects. Similarly, the seed crystal clamping growth method cannot avoid contact with external objects, leading to abnormal growth at the contact points and along the direction of the seed crystal holder, also resulting in certain defects. Both of these growth methods require processes, such as cutting and grinding, to remove defects, resulting in resource waste. To address the shortcomings of the static liquid phase single-crystal preparation mentioned above, this study successfully designed a dynamic liquid phase method for single crystal growth, which achieved the successful suspension of seed crystals in the mother solution and the growth of high-quality, large-sized single crystals, avoiding contact with the walls and the bottom of the container during the crystal growth process. Based on the dynamic liquid phase single crystal growth apparatus mentioned above, stable and dynamic liquid phase preparation was successfully achieved, ranging from seed crystals with a diameter of approximately 5 mm to single crystals with a diameter of approximately 20 mm, by controlling the cooling rate and adjusting the solution flow rate.

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Golubovic, Aleksandar, Slobodanka Nikolic, Stevan Djuric, and Andreja Valcic. "The growth of ruby single crystals." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 70, no. 1 (2005): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0501087g.

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Ruby (Cr:Al2O3) single crystals were grown by the Czochralski technique in an argon atmosphere. The critical crystal diameter dc = 1.0 cm and the critical rate of rotation ?c = 20 rpm were calculated by equations of the hydrodynamics of the melt. The rate of crystal growth was experimentally obtained to be 2.7 mm/h. For chemical polishing, conc. H3PO4 at 593 K for an exposure of 3 hours was determined. Conc. H3PO4 at 523 K for an exposure of 3 h was found to be a suitable etching solution. The lattice parameters a = 0.47627(6) nm and c = 1.301(1) nm were determined by X-ray powder diffraction. The obtained results are discussed and compared with published data.

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Niu, Xin Huan, Bai Mei Tan, Xiao Hong Zhao, and Wei Lian Zhang. "Growth and Fundamental Properties of SiGe Single Crystal." Advanced Materials Research 129-131 (August 2010): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.129-131.139.

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Silicon-Germanium (SiGe) single crystal is a fully miscible solid solution with diamond-base, and has attracted keen interest as material for applications such as microelectronic and optoelectronic devices. Consequently, there is a need for SiGe crystals of low dislocation density and large dimensions. In this study, the growth mechanism and methods of SiGe bulk single crystal were described and the PMCZ method made by ourselves was analyzed. The properties of PMCZ SiGe single crystal with different Ge concentrations were discussed. The result shows that the longitudinal distribution homogeneity of impurity Ge was improved on the effect of magnetic field; with Ge concentration creasing, oxygen concentration in SiGe crystals was decreased, and the crystals mechanical strength faded up; with Ge-doped increasing, there appears new absorption peak near 710cm-1and 800cm-1 wave number in Si FTIR absorption spectral graph. From the results, it can be found that with improving the growth technique and increasing Ge concentration, the quality of SiGe single crystal will be improved effectively.

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Ushakov, Sergey N., Maria A. Uslamina, Aleksandr A. Pynenkov, Vladimir P. Mishkin, Konstantin N. Nishchev, Sergey V. Kuznetsov, Elena V. Chernova, and Pavel P. Fedorov. "Growth and physical properties of CaSrBaF6 single crystals." Kondensirovannye sredy i mezhfaznye granitsy = Condensed Matter and Interphases 23, no. 1 (March 16, 2021): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17308/kcmf.2021.23/3310.

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Using the Bridgman-Stockbarger method, crystals of triple fluoride CaF2-SrF2-BaF2 were grown in a composition range similar to that of CaSrBaF6. The crystals were 10-12 mm in diameter and 50–60 mm in length. The CaSrBaF6 crystal is a new optical material which is transparent in the mid-IR, visible and UV ranges. The uneven distribution of the components along the length of the crystal did not exceed 10 %. The edge of the absorption band in the IR range was 14.3 μm, and the optical absorption at the wavelength of 200 nm did not exceed 18 % (less than 0.2 cm–1). The refraction indices were 1.4527, 1.4488, and 1.4458 for the wavelengths of 633, 969, and 1539 nm respectively. The crystal melts in the temperature range of 1150–1210 °С. The CaSrBaF6 composition is an appropriate matrix for doping with rare-earth ions in order to obtain functional single-crystal and ceramic materials of the visible and IR ranges.

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Yuntao Wan, Yuntao Wan, Haoyang Hu Haoyang Hu, Haiping Xia Haiping Xia, Yuepin Zhang Yuepin Zhang, and Haochuan Jiang and Hongbing Chen Haochuan Jiang and Hongbing Chen. "Growth and optical properties of Cr3+-doped CdWO4 single crystals." Chinese Optics Letters 10, no. 4 (2012): 042301–42304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201210.042301.

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17

Sofronov, D. S. "CdSe charge obtaining for single crystals growth in alkaline solutions." Functional materials 25, no. 2 (June 27, 2018): 353–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fm25.02.353.

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Kryvonosov, Ie. "Chemical potential of gaseous medium for corundum single crystals growth." Functional materials 25, no. 3 (September 27, 2018): 586–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fm25.03.586.

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Morito, Haruhiko, Hisanori Yamane, Rie Y. Umetsu, and Kozo Fujiwara. "Seeded Growth of Type-II Na24Si136 Clathrate Single Crystals." Crystals 11, no. 7 (July 12, 2021): 808. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11070808.

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Type-II Na24Si136 clathrate octahedral single crystals surrounded by {111} facets were grown by evaporating Na from a molten mixture of Na4Si4 and Na9Sn4 at 823 K for 12 h. One of the obtained single crystals was used as a seed for the following single crystal growth of the type-II clathrate using the same method. The single crystal grown on the seed maintained the octahedral shape. The weight of the crystal grown with the seed was increased from 0.6 to 30.4 mg by repeating the seeded growth and was proportional to the surface area of the seed crystal.

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Patel, Piyush, Manisha Patel, Sandip M. Vyas, Maunik P. Jani, and Girish R. Pandya. "Single Crystal Growth of Bi:Sb Alloys." Solid State Phenomena 209 (November 2013): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.209.173.

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The solid-liquid interface of Bi (1-x) Sb(x) crystal growth is most favorable for investigation of electron and phonon phenomena. Bismuth is a semimetal with high electron and hole mobility. Interest in Bi-Sb material system has recently been stimulated by promise of a new generation of thermoelectric materials based on these alloy. The crystals were grown using zone melting method with 1.0 and 1.5 cm/hour growth velocity and temperature gradient 650C/cm. The surface was determinal on the basis of growth feature profiles under optical microscope. The features observed on the top-free surface of as-grown crystals have also been discussed. The crystals have been characterized by using the powder XRD technique. The optical absorption was measured in the wave number range 510 cm-1 to 4000 cm-1. From the optical absorption through direct inter band transition.The results are reported and discussed in detailed.

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Nguyen-Tran, Thuat, Mai Ngoc An, Trang Thu Luong, Hung Huy Nguyen, and Tu Thanh Truong. "Growth of single crystals of methylammonium lead mixedhalide perovskites." Communications in Physics 28, no. 3 (November 14, 2018): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0868-3166/28/3/12666.

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We report the growth and characterization of different bulk single crystals of organo lead mixed halide perovskites CH3NH3PbI3−xBrx by two different crystal growth approaches: (i)anti-solvent diffusion, and (ii) inverse temperature crystallization. In order to control the size and the shape of crystals, we have investigated different experimental growth parameters such as temperature and precursor concentration. The morphology of obtained crystals was observed by optical microscope, whereas their intrinsic crystalline properties were characterized by single crystal as well as powder X-ray diffraction. The results illustrated that the growth and crystalline structure of mixed halide perovskites CH3NH3PbI3−xBrx could be easily tuned.

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Sih, B., J. Tang, M. Dong, and Z.-G. Ye. "Ferroelectric SrBi2Ta2O9 single-crystal growth and characterization." Journal of Materials Research 16, no. 6 (June 2001): 1726–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2001.0238.

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Using a new composite flux and an improved growth process, large and high-quality ferroelectric SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) single crystals (up to 25 × 20 mm2 area) were successfully grown from high-temperature solutions. The effects of chemical, thermodynamic, and kinetic parameters on the growth results were systematically studied. The optimum system for the growth of SBT crystals has been identified. B2O3 additive was shown to play an important role in improving the effectiveness of the Bi2O3 solvent. The grown SBT single crystals exhibit a dominant (001)-orientation and large single-domain areas. The dielectric and ferroelectric properties measured in relation to crystal orientations have confirmed the absence of any polarization component normal to the (Bi2O2)2+ sheets of the structure, indicating a high anisotropy in the properties.

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Kim, Tae Hyeon, Hee Tae Lee, Young-Min Kang, Gun-Eik Jang, In Hoi Kwon, and Byungjin Cho. "In-depth Investigation of Hg2Br2 Crystal Growth and Evolution." Materials 12, no. 24 (December 16, 2019): 4224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12244224.

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Physical vapor transport (PVT) has frequently been adopted for the synthesis of mercurous bromide (Hg2Br2) single crystals for acousto-optic modulators. However, thus far, very few in-depth studies have been conducted that elucidate the growth process of the Hg2Br2 single crystal. This paper reports an in-depth investigation regarding the crystal growth and evolution behavior of the Hg2Br2 crystal with facet growth mode. Based on the experimental and simulation results, the temperature profile conditions concerning the seed generation and seed growth could be optimized. Next, the PVT-grown Hg2Br2 crystals (divided into single crystal and quasi-single crystal regions) were characterized using various analysis techniques. The single-crystal Hg2Br2 was found to possess a more uniform strain than that of the quasi-single crystal through a comparison of the X-ray diffraction data. Meanwhile, the binding energy states and electron backscatter diffraction images of the as-synthesized Hg2Br2 crystals were similar, regardless of the crystal type. Furthermore, Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses provided information on the atomic vibration mode and atomic structures of the two kinds of samples. The synergistic combination of the simulation and experimental results used to verify the growth mechanism facilitates the synthesis of high-quality Hg2Br2 crystals for potential acousto-optic tunable filter device applications.

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Bi, Xiao Guo, Xu Dong Liu, and Wei Niu. "Flame-Fusion Growth of Rutile Single Crystal." Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (June 2012): 2571–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.2571.

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Single crystal of Rutile has been grown successfully by the flame fusion method by using high purity (4N5) ultrafine titania powder as starting material. The effects of growth atmosphere, growth rate and temperature gradient in the chamber on crystal growing were investigated and the specific growth conditions have been defined. The annealing of the as-grown crystals was performed in the oxygen and in the air respectively. It was shown that growth atmosphere where the oxygen partial pressure is higher than that of the oxygen decomposing pressure at the liquid-solid interface is a necessary condition for growing perfect crystals. In addition to reducing thermal stresses, the more important role of annealing is to eliminate oxygen vacancies by oxidization reaction. The annealing time can be considerably shortened in an oxygen atmosphere as compared to in the air and the grown crystal has more perfect structure.

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Moovendaran, K., and S. Natarajan. "Unidirectional growth and characterization of L-tartaric acid single crystals." Journal of Applied Crystallography 46, no. 4 (June 22, 2013): 993–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889813011680.

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Single crystals of L-tartaric acid (LTA), an organic nonlinear optical material, have been grown using a home-built crystal growth setup (the Moovendaran–Kalyanasundar–Natarajan setup). Crystals of LTA were also grown by the slow evaporation solution technique. These single crystals were characterized using single-crystal X-ray diffraction, high-resolution X-ray diffraction, and IR and UV–Vis–NIR spectroscopy. In addition, measurements of Vickers microhardness, laser damage threshold value and second harmonic generation efficiency are reported. Thermal, dielectric and photoluminescence studies were also carried out.

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Demianets, L. N., S. V. Pouchko, and R. V. Gaynutdinov. "Fe2O3 single crystals: hydrothermal growth, crystal chemistry and growth morphology." Journal of Crystal Growth 259, no. 1-2 (November 2003): 165–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0248(03)01586-0.

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Dinagaran, S., P. Srinivasan, P. Srinivasan, S. Vijayakumar, S. Vijayakumar, J. Balaji, and J. Balaji. "Growth and Characterization of Anthranilic acid Crystals." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 12, no. 11 (June 16, 2016): 4480–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jac.v12i11.823.

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ABSTRACTSingle crystals of Anthranilic acid (AA) have been successfully grown and purity of materials has been increased by repeated recrystallization process. Single crystals have been grown by slow evaporation technique. The grown crystal was characterized by Single crystal X-Ray diffraction, Powder XRD, FTIR, UV-Vis, DTA/TGA, Dielectric studies and SHG respectively. The observed results from various characterization show the suitability of NLO application. The second harmonic generation of the grown crystal was checked using Kurtz and Perry technique. Thermal stability and melting point of the grown crystal were found by thermal analysis. The Physical strength of the grown AA crystal was measured from Vicker’s hardness test.

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KIRUBAVATHI, K., K. SELVARAJU, N. VIJAYAN, and S. KUMARARAMAN. "GROWTH AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GLYCINE HYDROBROMIDE SINGLE CRYSTAL FOR NONLINEAR OPTICAL APPLICATIONS." Modern Physics Letters B 22, no. 21 (August 20, 2008): 2035–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984908016716.

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Single crystals of a new semi-organic nonlinear optical material glycine hydrobromide were grown from solution by slow evaporation at room temperature. Good optical quality single crystals with dimensions 17×8×5 mm3 were obtained. The grown crystal had been confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and the vibrational frequencies of various functional groups in the crystals had been derived from Fourier transform infrared spectrum. The optical quality of the grown crystals was analyzed by the Ultraviolet visible spectrum method. The mechanical behavior of the grown crystal was evaluated by Vickers' micro-hardness indentation method. The nonlinear optical property of the crystal was confirmed by the Kurtz powder technique using Nd : YAG laser as a source.

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Kanamori, Y., and Y. Shiohara. "Effect of temperature gradient in the solution on spiral growth of YBa2Cu3O7−x bulk single crystals." Journal of Materials Research 11, no. 11 (November 1996): 2693–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1996.0340.

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Bulk single crystals of Y123 are required to clarify the superconductivity phenomena and develop electronic devices using unique superconductive properties. Only the Solute-Rich Liquid–Crystal Pulling (SRL-CP) method has succeeded in continuous growth of the Y123 single crystal. In this paper, we investigated the growth of Y123 single crystals under different temperature gradients in the solution in order to understand the growth mechanism of Y123. It was revealed that Y123 single crystals grow with a spiral growth mode, which is in good agreement with the BCF theory.

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Lee, Sang Il, Jung Young Jung, Mi Seon Park, Hee Tae Lee, Doe Hyung Lee, Won Jae Lee, Soon Ku Hong, Im Gyu Yeo, Heung Rak Kim, and Myong Chuel Chun. "SiC Single Crystal Growth on Dual Seed with Different Surface Properties." Materials Science Forum 740-742 (January 2013): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.740-742.11.

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SiC crystal ingots were grown on 6H-SiC dual-seed crystal with different surface properties by a PVT (Physical Vapor Transport) technique. And then SiC crystal wafers sliced from the SiC ingots were systematically investigated in order to find out the dependence of surface properties for seed on the polytype formation. While n-type SiC crystals exhibiting the 4H polytype were grown on seed crystal having high root-mean-square (rms) value, 6H-SiC crystals were grown on seed having lower rms value. However, 6H polytype was maintained on on-axis and off-axis seeds during the entire growth period. The crystal quality of 6H-SiC single crystals grown on on-axis seed were revealed to be slightly better than that of 6H-SiC crystal grown on off-axis seed.

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Verhoeven, J. D., E. D. Gibson, O. D. McMasters, and H. H. Baker. "The growth of single crystal Terfenol-D crystals." Metallurgical Transactions A 18, no. 2 (February 1987): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02825703.

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32

de Melo, O., F. Leccabue, C. Pelosi, V. Sagredo, M. Chourio, J. Martin, G. Bocelli, and G. Calestani. "Crystal growth and characterization of MnTe single crystals." Journal of Crystal Growth 110, no. 3 (March 1991): 445–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(91)90281-9.

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Verhoeven, J. D., E. D. Gibson, O. D. McMasters, and H. H. Baker. "The growth of single crystal terfenol-D crystals." Metallurgical Transactions A 18, no. 3 (February 1987): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02646156.

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34

Wang, Zengmei, Duorong Yuan, Lihu Pan, Peilin Zhang, Xiufeng Cheng, Minglei Zhao, Zhengfa Li, et al. "Crystal growth and characterization of La3Ga5SiO14 single crystals." Optical Materials 23, no. 1-2 (July 2003): 471–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-3467(02)00341-5.

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35

Kumaresan, R., and S. Moorthy Babu. "Crystal growth and characterization of sucrose single crystals." Materials Chemistry and Physics 49, no. 1 (June 1997): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0254-0584(97)80133-2.

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Wang, Zengmei, Xiufeng Cheng, Duorong Yuan, Lihu Pan, Shiyi Guo, Dong Xu, and Mengkai Lv. "Crystal growth and properties of Ca3NbGa3Si2O14 single crystals." Journal of Crystal Growth 249, no. 1-2 (February 2003): 240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0248(02)02112-7.

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JEEN, Hyoungjeen. "History of Single-crystal Growth in Korea." Physics and High Technology 31, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/phit.31.016.

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Single crystal growth is an indispensible step for condensed matter physics research and modern industry. In this article, I reviewed the history of single-crystal growth in Korea from the publications from the Korean Physical Society. We focused on the early stage of the history to understand how the researchers settled down, overcome their hurdles, and enhanced the quality of their single crystals.

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Shedam, M. R., Rakesh M. Shedam, and Shridhar N. Mathad. "Morphological and FTIR Studies of Barium Oxalate Single Crystals." Acta Chemica Iasi 25, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 195–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/achi-2017-0016.

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Abstract The conditions for the gel growth of barium oxalate single crystals in silica gels were studied in this paper. We describe the growth mechanism, effect concentration of feed solution, interchanging of the reactants, the effect of temperature and detailed study of microstructures of barium oxalate single crystals. At higher concentration of feed solution dense fibers were observed. With interchanged feed solution precipitate and spherulites have been obtained. The effect of temperature on growth barium oxalate crystals showed that there was a decrease in nucleation density at higher temperature. The crystals growth were observed under the electron microscope which revealed that the crystal have needle and spherulites structures. We also report the FTIR studies of barium oxalate crystals.

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Choi, Jeong Min, Chae Young Lee, Dae Sung Kim, Mi Seon Park, Yeon Suk Jang, Won Jae Lee, Wei Fan, Hao Qu, Xiu Fang Chen, and Xian Gang Xu. "New Materials for Semi-Insulating SiC Single Crystal Growth by PVT Method." Materials Science Forum 963 (July 2019): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.963.46.

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The present research was focused on the effect of porous graphite plate in TaC-coated crucible on crystal quality and resistivity of semi-insulating SiC crystals. Two SiC crystals grown with/without porous graphite plate in TaC-coated crucible were systematically compared. 6H-SiC polytype was obtained on both crystals regardless of porous graphite plate. The quality of SiC crystal grown using porous graphite plate placed in the TaC-coated crucible was slightly better than SiC crystal without porous graphite plate. SiC crystals having an average resistivity value of about 1×1010 Ωcm were obtained. In the result of COREMA measurement, the use of porous graphite plate tends to obtain wafers with better uniformity in resistivity value.

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Elswie, Ibrahim, Zorica Lazarevic, Vesna Radojevic, Martina Gilic, Maja Rabasovic, Dragutin Sevic, and Nebojsa Romcevic. "The Bridgman method growth and spectroscopic characterization of calcium fluoride single crystals." Science of Sintering 48, no. 3 (2016): 333–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos1603333e.

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It must be noted that the main objective of this study was to obtain single crystals of calcium fluoride - CaF2, and after that the crystals were characterized with various spectroscopic methods. The crystals were grown using the Bridgman technique. By optimizing growth conditions, <111> oriented CaF2 crystals up to 20 mm in diameter were grown. Number of dislocations in CaF2 crystals was 5?104 - 2?105 per cm2. Selected CaF2 single crystal is cut into several tiles with the diamond saw. The plates were polished, first with the silicon carbide, then the paraffin oil, and finally with a diamond paste. The obtained crystal w?s studied by Raman and infrared -IR spectroscopy. The crystal structure is confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). One Raman and two IR optical modes predicted by group theory are observed. A low photoluminescence testifies that the concentration of oxygen defects within the host CaF2 is small. All performed investigations show that the obtained CaF2 single crystal has good optical quality, which was the goal of this work.

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Alemu, Dessale, Idris Shafi, and Tizazu Abza. "Synthesis, growth and characterization of magnesium chloride doped L-alanine cadmium chloride single crystal: For nonlinear optical application." East African Journal of Biophysical and Computational Sciences 3, no. 2 (October 24, 2022): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/eajbcs.v3i2.6s.

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The aim of this research was to synthesize and characterize pure and magnesium chloride (MgCl2) doped L–alanine cadmium chloride (LACC) single crystals. Pure and MgCl2 doped LACC single crystals were synthesized by solution method with slow evaporation solution growth technique at room temperature. The single crystal X-ray diﬀraction studies of pure, 1 and 2 mol% MgCl2 doped LACC single crystals revealed monoclinic crystal structure with C2 space group. The optical properties of pure and MgCl2 doped LACC single crystals investigated by UV–VIS/NIR spectrometer confirmed that the crystals were transparent in the wavelength range of 230-1100 nm. The optical band gap energy of pure and doped LACC single crystals were found to have the same value of 5.4 eV. The energy-dispersive X-ray analysis indicated the incorporation of magnesium and chlorine atoms in LACC single crystal. The second harmonic generation eﬃciency of 1 and 2 mol% MgCl2 doped LACC crystals were analyzed by Kurtz-Perry powder technique and found to be 1.75 and 2 times greater than that of the standard potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystal, respectively.

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Karimov, Denis N., Irina I. Buchinskaya, Natalia A. Arkharova, Anna G. Ivanova, Alexander G. Savelyev, Nikolay I. Sorokin, and Pavel A. Popov. "Growth Peculiarities and Properties of KR3F10 (R = Y, Tb) Single Crystals." Crystals 11, no. 3 (March 14, 2021): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11030285.

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Cubic KR3F10 (R = Y, Tb) single crystals have been successfully grown using the Bridgman technique. Growth of crystals of this type is complicated due to the hygroscopicity of potassium fluoride and melt overheating. The solution to the problem of oxygen-incorporated impurities has been demonstrated through the utilization of potassium hydrofluoride as a precursor. In this study, the crystal quality, structure features, and optical, thermal and electrophysical properties of KR3F10 were examined. Data on the temperature dependences of conductivity properties of KTb3F10 crystals were obtained for the first time. These crystals indicated thermal conductivity equal to 1.54 ± 0.05 Wm−1K−1 at room temperature caused by strong phonon scattering in the Tb-based crystal lattice. Ionic conductivities of KY3F10 and KTb3F10 single crystals were 4.9 × 10−8 and 1.2 × 10−10 S/cm at 500 K, respectively, and the observed difference was determined by the activation enthalpy of F− ion migration. Comparison of the physical properties of the grown KR3F10 crystals with the closest crystalline analog from the family of Na0.5−xR0.5+xF2+2x (R = Tb, Y) cubic solid solutions is reported.

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Babu, B., J. Chandrasekaran, and S. Balaprabhakaran. "Growth and characterization of hexamethylenetetramine crystals grown from solution." Materials Science-Poland 32, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s13536-013-0176-7.

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AbstractOrganic nonlinear optical single crystals of hexamethylenetetramine (HMT; 10 × 10 × 5 mm3) were prepared by crystallization from methanol solution. The grown crystals were subjected to various characterization techniques such as single crystal XRD, powder XRD, UV-Vis and electrical studies. Single crystal XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline structure of the grown crystals. Their crystalline nature was also confirmed by powder XRD technique. The optical transmittance property was identified from UV-Vis spectrum. Dielectric measurements were performed as a function of frequency at different temperatures. DC conductivity and photoconductivity studies were also carried out for the crystal. The powder second harmonic generation efficiency (SHG) of the crystal was measured using Nd:YAG laser and the efficiency was found to be two times greater than that of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP).

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Rajesh, K., B. Milton Boaz, and P. Praveen Kumar. "Growth and Characterization of Pure and Doped L-Alanine Tartrate Single Crystals." Journal of Materials 2013 (March 25, 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/613092.

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Single crystals of pure and Lanthanum doped L-Alanine Tartrate were grown by slow evaporation method. The cell parameters were determined using single crystal X-ray diffraction method. To improve the physical properties of the LAT crystal, Lanthanum dopant was added by 2 mol%. ICP studies confirm the presence of Lanthanum in the grown LAT crystal. Transparency range of the crystal was determined using UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer. The functional groups of pure and doped LAT crystals were analyzed by FT-IR spectroscopy. Using Vickers microhardness tester, mechanical strength of the material was found. Dielectric studies of pure and doped LAT single crystals were carried out. The doped LAT crystal is found to have efficiency higher than that of pure LAT crystal.

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45

Hayashi, Tomohiro, Hidemoto Shiga, Masayoshi Sadakata, Tatsuya Okubo, and Masahiro Yoshimura. "Hydrothermal growth of millimeter-sized aluminosilicate sodalite single crystals in noble metal capsules." Journal of Materials Research 13, no. 4 (April 1998): 891–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1998.0120.

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Aluminosilicate sodalite Na8[SiAlO4]6Cl2 single crystals are synthesized by hydrothermal processing at 873–973 K and 100–150 MPa in noble metal capsules to avoid contamination. The starting material is aluminosilicate gel, and spontaneous nucleation followed by its growth takes place. The largest size of the single crystals obtained is 1 mm across. Longer aging and heating result in larger single crystals. It is also found that the aluminum source in the synthesis gel and the element used in the noble metal capsules influence the single crystal growth. Judging from x-ray diffraction (XRD) (powder and single-crystal), optical microscopy, and thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), the sodalite single crystals grown have good quality compared with the conventional powder.

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46

Golubovic, Aleksandar, Slobodanka Nikolic, Rados Gajic, Stevan Djuric, and Andreja Valcic. "The growth of Nd:CaWO4 single crystals." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 68, no. 12 (2003): 1001–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0312001g.

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CaWO4 doped with 0.8 % at. Nd (Nd:CaWO4) single crystals were grown from the melt in air by the Czochralski technique. The critical diameter dc = 1.0 cm and the critical rate of rotation ?c = 30 rpm were calculated from hydrodynamic equations for buoyancy-driven and forced convection. The rate of crystal growth was experimentally obtained to be 6.7 mm/h. For chemical polishing, a solution of 1 part saturated chromic acid (CrO3 in water) and 3 parts conc. H3PO4 (85 %) at 433 K with an exposure time of 2 h was found to be adequate. A mixture of 1 part concentrated HF and 2 parts chromic acid at room temperature after exposure for 30 min was found to be a suitable etching solution. The lattice parameters a = 0.52404 (6) nm, c = 1.1362 (6) nm and V0 = 0.312 (2) nm3 were determined by X-ray powder diffraction. The obtained results are discussed and compared with published data.

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Zhao, Jianfu, Pengfei Zhu, Zhenyan Wang, Li Ai, Xiulan Duan, and Fapeng Yu. "Growth, Structure and Optical Characterization of Rb3Ti3P5O20 Single Crystal." Materials 15, no. 15 (August 3, 2022): 5346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15155346.

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Phosphate crystals attract much attention on account of their rich crystal structures and excellent physical and chemical properties. Herein, Rb3Ti3P5O20 single crystals were grown by the high temperature solution method using Rb2CO3 and NH4H2PO4 as the fluxes. This crystal, with non-centrosymmetric Pca21 space group, presents a three-dimensional framework structure composed of [TiO6] octahedron, [PO4] tetrahedra, and [P2O7] dimers. The electronic structure was measured via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The measurements found that Rb3Ti3P5O20 has stronger Ti–O ionic bonding properties and weaker P–O covalent bonding properties compared to RbTiOPO4. Optical measurements indicated that Rb3Ti3P5O20 has a 3.54 eV band gap and a wide transmission range (0.33–4.5 μm). Theoretical calculations showed that Rb3Ti3P5O20 crystals have a moderate birefringence of 0.079 at 1064 nm. In addition, the relationship of the structure–property was studied using first-principles method. The results demonstrated that TiO6 octahedron played a significant role for the optical properties.

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48

Zheng, Zhi Ping, Jing Wang, Lin Quan, Shu Ping Gong, and Dong Xiang Zhou. "Study on TlBr Single Crystal Growth Using Improved Electro Dynamic Gradient Method." Advanced Materials Research 415-417 (December 2011): 1979–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.415-417.1979.

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Electro Dynamic Gradient (EDG) method was utilized for TlBr crystal growth in this paper. The influence of crystal growth conditions such as temperature gradient and growth rate on optical and electrical properties of grown TlBr crystals was investigated. The quality of TlBr crystals was characterized by infrared (IR) transmittance spectrum, X-ray diffraction, and I-V measurements.

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Fang, C. S., Q. T. Gu, J. Q. Wei, Q. W. Pan, W. Shi, and J. Y. Wang. "Growth of ZnSe single crystals." Journal of Crystal Growth 209, no. 2-3 (February 2000): 542–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0248(99)00616-8.

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Kamler, Grzegorz, Janusz Zachara, Sławomir Podsiadło, Leszek Adamowicz, and Wojciech Gębicki. "Bulk GaN single-crystals growth." Journal of Crystal Growth 212, no. 1-2 (January 2000): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0248(99)00890-8.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Growth of single crystals'

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