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Van, Hoof Bram. "Property indices : Extrapolation of the IPD Japan Capital Growth Index." Thesis, KTH, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-77013.
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The aim of this work is to extrapolate the IPD Japan Capital Growth index series historically back to the early 1980’s. Using existing, long-running, macro-economic and property-related time series as inputs, we will try to set up a statistical model which can extrapolate the existing eight-year track record back for as many years as statistically significant. Our aim is to set up a model which allows us to produce a historical real estate capital growth series going back for 15 to 20 year.
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Berner, Logan T. Bunn Andrew Godard. "Evaluation of high-latitude boreal forest growth using satellite-derived vegetation indices /." Online version, 2010. http://content.wwu.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/theses&CISOPTR=343&CISOBOX=1&REC=20.
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Riitters, Kurt H. "Evenness Indices Measure the Signal Strength of Biweight Site Chronologies." Tree-Ring Society, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/261927.
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The signal strength of a biweight site chronology is properly viewed as an outcome of analysis rather than as a property of the forest-climate system. It can be estimated by the evenness of the empirical weights that are assigned to individual trees. The approach is demonstrated for a 45-year biweight chronology obtained from 40 jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) trees. The annual evenness of the empirical weights is calculated by indices derived from the Shannon and Simpson diversity indices, and the variances are found by the jackknife procedure. The annual estimates are then averaged to find an overall estimate of biweight signal strength for the 45-year period. These techniques are most useful for determining sample sizes for the biweight procedure, and for comparing different methods of detrending and standardizing data sets prior to applying the biweight mean-value function.
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Callison, James Charles. "Site quality indices for the Emory oak woodlands of southeastern Arizona." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184698.
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Site index curves were constructed for the Emory oak (Ouercus emoryi) woodlands of the San Rafael Valley in southeastern Arizona. The woodlands primarily consisted of trees that were of sprout origin. Growth was rapid for 10 years, moderate from 10 to 20 years, and slow after 20 years. No trees in the study area were more than 40 feet tall. Stepwise regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between site index and site factors. Important variables included available soil water holding capacity, percent volume of coarse fragments, radiation index, percent sand, litter depth, and soil pH. Two models were developed; the r² values were 0.56 and 0.49, respectively. Analysis of variance was used to test for differences between site index on different soil types and slope positions. All statistical tests were conducted using a 0.10 level of significance. The sample consisted of 100 trees. Most of the factors were involved with availability of water to the tree roots. Emory oak grows in a dryland area where water is a limiting factor. Therefore, the effect that soil and terrain has on the availability of water to tree roots is an important impact on the site index for Emory oak woodlands.
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CURI, CLAUDIA. "An Improved procedure for Bootstrapping Malmquist Indices and its applications on the regional economic growth." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/725.
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Estendendo l’approccio di decomposizione dell’Indice di Malmquist proposto da Fare et al. (1992) secondo cui la variazione della produttività è descritta come variazione della tecnologia e dell’efficienza, Simar e Wilson (1999) hanno fornito per la prima volta un’interpretazione statistica dell’indice e dei suoi componenti, proponendo un algoritmo basato sul bootstrap per stimare gli intervalli di confidenza degli indici sopra definiti.
In questa tesi si è, per la prima volta, proposto un nuovo metodo di stima della densità, basato su una selezione più accurata della bandwidth, partendo e adattando i recenti sviluppi introdotti da Simar e Wilson (2007) nel caso univariato al caso bivariato. Inoltre, per la prima volta è stata testata la performance delle procedure per stimare gli indici, attraverso l’implementazione di simulazioni Monte Carlo. Essi hanno mostrato un basso livello di performance del modello proposto da Simar e Wilson nel 1999 rispetto a quello proposto in questo lavoro. In particolare, essi hanno evidenziato che la procedura di stima della densità è molto sensibile alla presenza di valori unitari dell’efficienza, tanto da fornire seri problemi nella valutazione della stima della funzione di densità continua. Inoltre, sono stati applicati e adattati i data driven methods, che hanno evidenziato risultati diversi rispetto alla procedura originale, lasciano ampi spazi a ricerche future.
Da un punto di vista empirico, è stata analizzata la crescita delle regioni italiane attraverso la Total Factor Productivity (TFP), nel periodo 1980-2001. Quindi sono stati stimati l’indice di Malmquist e i suoi componenti come pure i loro rispettivi intervalli di confidenza, applicando la procedure migliore, identificata nella fase di ricerca precedente. E’ stato registrato un guadagno complessivo della variazione della produttività, corretta nella bias, del 2.1%, dell’efficienza del 0.5% e della tecnologia del 1.6%. L’analisi di sensibilità, basata su tecniche bootstrap, ha rilevato che per la maggior parte delle regioni italiane l’efficienza e la tecnologia non hanno mostrato cambiamenti statisticamente significativi. Secondo questi risultati, l’approccio inferenziale ha fornito un’analisi più accurata e rigorosa rispetto all’approccio tradizionale, adottato da Leonida et al.(2004 ,Table 1, pg. 2190) nella quale le stime sono state valutate come miglioramenti o recessioni, trascurando sia la correzione della bias che il loro significato statistico.Improving the Fare et al. (1992) approach on Malmquist index of productivity, which can be decomposed into indices describing changes in technology and changes in efficiency , Simar and Wilson (1999) provided a statistical interpretation to their Malmquist productivity index and its components, and presented a bootstrap algorithm to estimate confidence intervals for the indices. Extending the recent developments introduced by Simar and Wilson (2007) in the bandwidth specification in the univariate case, we propose new methods of density estimation, based on more accurate bandwidth specification. Monte Carlo experiments have been computed for the first time in this context. They have shown a low quality of performance of the Simar and Wilson (1999)'s bootstrap approximations, and high level of quality for the proposed methods. In particular, they have found out as best performer method the procedure based on the density estimation without considering the ones, revealing the severe problem of deteriorating the estimation of the continuous density of the efficiency scores. Moreover, data driven methods have been applied to the Malmquist Index framework and at this stage of research they have shown different results from those provided by Simar and Wilson (1999). From an empirical point of view, Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth of the Italian regions over the period 1980-2001 has been analyzed. Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) and its components (namely Efficiency Change and Technical Change) as well as confidence intervals have been estimated by applying the best performed procedure, previously determinated. Including human capital among inputs, we estimated an overall bias-corrected productivity gain of 2.1 percent, an efficiency gain of 0.5 and a technical gain of 1.6 percent. The bootstrap analysis revealed that for most Italian regions efficiency and technical changes did not show a statistically significant change. According to these results, the inferential approach has provided a more rigorous and accurate insights on the Italian regional TFP than the traditional Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) estimation carried out by Leonida et al.(2004 ,Table 1, pg. 2190) in which all the estimated values are interpreted as progress or regress without taking into account the bias of the estimated values and their statistical significance.
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Oguz, Emin Oguzhan. "Morphological indices of the human cerebellum in normal birth-weight and growth retarded infants : a stereological study." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369047.
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Nambuthiri, Susmitha Surendran. "Soil water and crop growth processes in a farmer's field." Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10225/1140.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Kentucky, 2010.Title from document title page (viewed on May 12, 2010). Document formatted into pages; contains: xii, 310 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 298-309).
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Jabour, Anwar Shawqi Alhazmi. "ASSESSMENT OF SPHENO-OCCIPITAL SYNCHONDROSIS FUSION TIMING AND AN EVALUATION OF ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH SKELETAL MATURITY, DENTAL MATURITY AND MANDIBULAR GROWTH." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1492129080263492.
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Maerten-Rivera, Jaime. "A Comparison of Modern Longitudinal Change Models with an Examination of Alternative Error Covariance Structures." Scholarly Repository, 2010. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/376.
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The purpose of this research was to compare results from two approaches to measuring change over time. The multilevel model (MLM) and latent growth model (LGM) were imposed and the parameter estimates were compared, along with model fit. The study came out of education and used data collected from 191 teachers as part of a professional development intervention in science, which took place over four years. There were missing data as a result of teacher attrition. Teachers reported use of reform-oriented practices (ROP) was used as the outcome, and teacher-level variables were examined for their impact on initial ROP and change in ROP from baseline to one year after the intervention. Change in ROP was examined using a piecewise change model where two linear slopes were modeled. The first slope estimated the change from baseline to T1, or the initial change after the intervention while the second slope estimated the change from T1 to T3, or the secondary change. Parameter estimates obtained from MLM and LGM for a model using the error covariance structure commonly assumed in MLM (i.e., random slopes, homogeneous level-1 variance) were nearly identical. Models with various alternative covariance structures (commonly associated with the LGM framework) were examined, and results were nearly identical. Most of the model fit information was in agreement regarding the best fitting model being the model that assumed the typical MLM error covariance structure with the exception of the standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) fit index. The results from the models demonstrated that ROP increased after participating in the first year of the intervention and this level was sustained, though did not increase significantly in subsequent years. There was more variation in ROP at baseline. This information tells us that the intervention was successful in that after participating in the intervention the teachers' used ROP more frequently. The success of the intervention did not depend on any of the predictors that we assessed, and, as a group, the teachers became more similar in their use of reform-oriented practices over time.
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Holmborn, Towe. "Zooplankton growth and trophic linkages : Implications for fish feeding conditions in the Baltic Sea." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Systemekologiska institutionen, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-29485.
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The aim of this Thesis was to improve our understanding and assessment of feeding conditions for zooplanktivorous fish in the Baltic Sea. We investigated (papers I, II) the usefulness of biochemical proxies for assessments of growth and metabolic rates in the dominant Baltic copepod Acartia bifilosa. A predictive model (paper I) for egg production rate (EPR), based on body size, RNA content, and water temperature, was established using females of different geographical origin. This model demonstrates the usefulness of RNA content as a proxy for growth in zooplankton and, together with abundance data, it could be used to evaluate fish feeding conditions. Further (paper II), using A. bifilosa exposed to a food gradient, we evaluated responses of physiological rates and other biochemical proxies for growth and established correlations between physiological and biochemical variables. EPR and ingestion rate were most significantly correlated with RNA content. As assayed variables saturated at different food concentrations, food availability may affect assessments of physiological rates using proxies. In paper III, we explored the effect of high EPR and ingestion rate on astaxanthin content in A. bifilosa. We found that the astaxanthin content decreased at high feeding rates, most likely due to decreased assimilation efficiency. This may impact the quality of zooplankton as prey. The invasion of Cercopagis pengoi, a zooplanktivorous cladoceran, has altered the trophic linkages in the Baltic Sea food web. In paper IV, we evaluated the feeding of zooplanktivorous fish on C. pengoi and found that irrespective of size both herring and sprat feed on it, with large herring being more selective. In turn, C. pengoi feeds mainly on older copepods (paper V), which are acknowledged important in fish nutrition. These results indicate that C. pengoi may compete with fish due to the diet overlap.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: In progress. Paper 3: Submitted
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Nykvist, Marcus, and Eric Månsson. "The Stock Market as a Leading Macroeconomic Indicator." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-106644.
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This article goes on to explain and seek if there is any predictive power in the stock markets toward GDP. Put in other words, this study examines whether or not the stock market can be seen as a leading indicator toward GDP for the ten biggest economies measured by GDP in the year 2020. What can be concluded from the results discussed in the analysis section is that the best predictability is when the stock market leads GDP with three to five quarters. In earlier studies on the same topic, the same results can be concluded. However, these previous studies have all shown an extended predictive period between one and five quarters, compared to our results which showed three to five quarters. One note worth mentioning is that we obtained contradictory results depending on if the tests were implemented for each country individually through time series data analysis, or collectively through panel data analysis. Our conclusion was drawn with the panel data analysis as the underlying truth, as it is viewed as more efficient and informative while also being a more suitable tool for studying the dynamics of change.
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Mohammadi, Vahid. "Design, Development and Evaluation of a System for the Detection of Aerial Parts and Measurement of Growth Indices of Bell Pepper Plant Based on Stereo and Multispectral Imaging." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UBFCK109.
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Au cours de la croissance des plantes, leur suivi apporte beaucoup d'avantages aux producteurs. Cette surveillance comprend la mesure des propriétés physiques, le comptage des feuilles des plantes, la détection des plantes et leur séparation des mauvaises herbes. Toutes ces techniques peuvent être réalisées de différentes manières, cependant, les techniques favorables sont non destructives car la plante est une créature très sensible que toute manipulation peut perturber sa croissance ou entraîner la perte de feuilles ou de branches. Les techniques d'imagerie sont les meilleures solutions pour le suivi de la croissance des plantes et les mesures géométriques. À cet égard, dans ce projet, l'utilisation de l'imagerie stéréo et des données multispectrales a été étudiée. L'imagerie stéréo active et passive a été utilisée pour l'estimation des propriétés physiques et le comptage des feuilles et des données multispectrales ont été utilisées pour la séparation des cultures et des mauvaises herbes. La plante de poivron a été utilisée pour des mesures d'imagerie pendant une période de 30 jours et pour la séparation culture/mauvaise herbe, les réponses spectrales du poivron et de cinq mauvaises herbes ont été mesurées. Neuf propriétés physiques des feuilles de poivre (c. Le système stéréo était composé de deux caméras LogiTech et d'un vidéoprojecteur. Tout d'abord, le système stéréo a été calibré à l'aide d'images d'échantillons d'un damier standard dans différentes positions et angles. Le système a été contrôlé à l'aide de l'ordinateur pour allumer une ligne lumineuse, enregistrer des vidéos des deux caméras pendant que la lumière est balayée sur la plante, puis arrêter la lumière. Les cadres ont été extraits et traités. L'algorithme de traitement a d'abord filtré les images pour supprimer le bruit, puis a seuillé les pixels indésirables de l'environnement. Ensuite, en utilisant la méthode de détection de pic du centre de masse, la partie principale et centrale de la ligne lumineuse a été extraite. Ensuite, les images ont été rectifiées en utilisant les informations d'étalonnage. Ensuite, les pixels correspondants ont été détectés et utilisés pour le développement du modèle 3D. Le nuage de points obtenu a été transformé en une surface maillée et utilisé pour la mesure des propriétés physiques. Pour les réponses spectrales des plantes, celles-ci ont été fraîchement déplacées au laboratoire, les feuilles ont été détachées des plantes et placées sur un fond sombre flou. Des lumières de type A ont été utilisées pour l'éclairage et les mesures spectrales ont été effectuées à l'aide d'un spectroradiomètre de 380 nm à 1000 nm. Pour réduire la dimensionnalité des données, l'ACP et la transformée en ondelettes ont été utilisées. Les résultats de cette étude ont montré que l'utilisation de l'imagerie stéréo peut proposer un outil bon marché et non destructif pour l'agriculture. Un avantage important de l'imagerie stéréo active est qu'elle est indépendante de la lumière et peut être utilisée pendant la nuit. Cependant, l'utilisation de la stéréo active pour le stade primaire de croissance fournit des résultats acceptables, mais après ce stade, le système sera incapable de détecter et de reconstruire toutes les feuilles et les parties de la plante. En utilisant l'ASI, les valeurs R2 de 0,978 et 0,967 ont été obtenues pour l'estimation de la surface foliaire et du périmètre, respectivement. Les résultats de la séparation des cultures et des mauvaises herbes à l'aide de données spectrales étaient très prometteurs et le classificateur, qui était basé sur un apprentissage en profondeur, pouvait complètement séparer le poivre des cinq autres mauvaises herbesDuring the growth of plants, monitoring them brings much benefits to the producers. This monitoring includes the measurement of physical properties, counting plants leaves, detection of plants and separation of them from weeds. All these can be done different techniques, however, the techniques are favorable that are non-destructive because plant is a very sensitive creature that any manipulation can put disorder in its growth or lead to losing leaves or branches. Imaging techniques are of the best solutions for plants growth monitoring and geometric measurements. In this regard, in this project the use of stereo imaging and multispectral data was studied. Active and passive stereo imaging were employed for the estimation of physical properties and counting leaves and multispectral data was utilized for the separation of crop and weed. Bell pepper plant was used for imaging measurements for a period of 30 days and for crop/weed separation, the spectral responses of bell pepper and five weeds were measured. Nine physical properties of pepper leaves (i.e. main leaf diameters, leaf area, leaf perimeter etc.) were measured using a scanner and was used as a database and also for comparing the estimated values to the actual values. The stereo system consisted of two LogiTech cameras and a video projector. First the stereo system was calibrated using sample images of a standard checkerboard in different position and angles. The system was controlled using the computer for turning a light line on, recording videos of both cameras while light is being swept on the plant and then stopping the light. The frames were extracted and processed. The processing algorithm first filtered the images for removing noise and then thresholded the unwanted pixels of environment. Then, using the peak detection method of Center of Mass the main and central part of the light line was extracted. After, the images were rectified by using the calibration information. Then the correspondent pixels were detected and used for the 3D model development. The obtained point cloud was transformed to a meshed surface and used for physical properties measurement. Passive stereo imaging was used for leaf detection and counting. For passive stereo matching six different matching algorithms and three cost functions were used and compared. For spectral responses of plants, they were freshly moved to the laboratory, leaves were detached from the plants and placed on a blur dark background. Type A lights were used for illumination and the spectral measurements were carried out using a spectroradiometer from 380 nm to 1000 nm. To reduce the dimensionality of the data, PCA and wavelet transform were used. Results of this study showed that the use of stereo imaging can propose a cheap and non-destructive tool for agriculture. An important advantage of active stereo imaging is that it is light-independent and can be used during the night. However, the use of active stereo for the primary stage of growth provides acceptable results but after that stage, the system will be unable to detect and reconstruct all leaves and plant's parts. Using ASI the R2 values of 0.978 and 0.967 were obtained for the estimation leaf area and perimeter, respectively. The results of separation of crop and weeds using spectral data were very promising and the classifier—which was based on deep learning—could completely separate pepper from other five weeds
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Mateus, Caroline de Moura D'Andréa [UNESP]. "Crescimento e absorção de nutrientes pelo amarílis (Hippeastrum x hybridum Hort.)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96920.
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O amarílis figura entre as principais plantas ornamentais produzidas no Brasil, principalmente, visando produção de bulbos para exportação, porém estudos referentes ao manejo da cultura ainda são necessários. Desta forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o desenvolvimento e o acúmulo de nutrientes de amarílis, variedade Orange Souvereign, a pleno sol. No estudo relacionado ao crescimento, a área foliar determinada ao final do experimento foi, em média, de 3102,6 cm2, para uma média de 10 folhas por planta. O diâmetro do bulbo alcançado aos 420 DAP (dias após plantio) foi, em média, de 9,2 cm. A massa fresca total ao final do ciclo foi, em média, de 1051 g, dos quais 39% corresponderam à massa fresca obtida pelo bulbo + raízes. Em relação aos índices fisiológicos, a média foi de 7,10 g mês-1 para TCA (taxa de crescimento absoluto); 0,40 g g-1 mês-1 para TCR (taxa de crescimento relativo); 0,052 g cm-2 mês-1 para TAL (taxa de assimilação líquida) e 44,77 cm2 g-1 para RAF (razão de área foliar). No estudo relacionado à absorção de nutrientes, nas condições apresentadas de plantio, a quantidade de macronutrientes extraída, em mg planta-1, até os 420 DAP foi de: 1566 N; 185 P; 2583 K; 639 Ca; 198 Mg e 292 S. Para micronutrientes, a quantidade extraída, em μg planta-1, até os 420 DAP foi de: 2184 B; 1166 Cu; 22334 Fe; 2192 Mn e 4092 Zn. O acúmulo dos nutrientes nos últimos quatro meses representou, em relação ao total: 61% N; 60% P; 62% K; 56% Ca; 41% Mg; 67% S; 61% B; 65% Cu; 51% Fe; 73% Mn e 65% Zn.
The amaryllis is one of the major ornamental plants produced in Brazil, mainly targeting production of bulbs for export, but studies relating to the management of culture are still needed. Thus, this paper examines the development and accumulation of nutrients from amaryllis, variety Orange Souvereign, in full sun. In the growth study, the leaf area determined at the end of the experiment was, on average, to 3102.6 cm2 to an average of 10 leaves per plant. The diameter of the bulb throughout at 420 DAP (days after planting) was, on average, 9.2 cm. The total fresh weight at the end of the cycle was, on average, 1051 g, of which 39% were obtained by mass fresh bulb + roots. For physiological indices, the average was 7.10 g months-1 for TCA (absolute growth rate), 0.40 g g-1 months-1 for TCR (growth rate relative), 0.0516 g cm-2 months-1 to TAL (net assimilation rate) and 44.77 cm2 g-1 for RAF (ratio of leaf area). In the nutrients absorption study the conditions presented in planting was the amount of macronutrients extracted, in mg plant-1, until 420 DAP was: 1566 N; 185 P; 2583 K; 639 Ca; 198 Mg and 292 S. For micronutrients, the amount extracted, in μg planta-1, until 420 DAP was: 2184 B; 1166 Cu; 22334 Fe; 2192 Mn e 4092 Zn. The accumulation of nutrients in the last four months represented, in relation to the total: 61% N, 60% P, 62% K, 56% Ca, 41% Mg, 67% S, 61% B, 65% Cu, 51% Fe, 73% Mn and 65% Zn.
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Freitas, George Alberto de. "DecomposiÃÃo dos Fatores de Crescimento PrÃ-Pobre: evidÃncias para a zona rural brasileira." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2008. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1236.
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O crescimento econÃmico de longo prazo à condiÃÃo sine qua non para uma populaÃÃo garantir
seu bem-estar e o de suas geraÃÃes futuras. Muitas vezes o fluxo de renda em uma economia
especÃfica à insuficiente para proporcionar a todos uma vida digna de modo que todos estejam
inclusos na sociedade do consumo. Outras vezes hà renda suficiente para que toda sociedade se
beneficie dos frutos gerados por esta, como à o caso do Brasil. Entretanto, a renda gerada se
concentra em camadas mais ricas da sociedade de modo que impossibilita, direta e muitas vezes
indiretamente, Ãs camadas mais pobres as condiÃÃes mÃnimas de sobrevivÃncia. Portanto, sÃo
sempre vÃlidos os estudos que busquem entender, identificar e propor soluÃÃes viÃveis para o
problema da pobreza. Este trabalho busca diagnosticar os fatores de crescimento atravÃs da
decomposiÃÃo dos Ãndices de pobreza (proporÃÃo de pobres, hiato de pobreza e hiato quadrÃtico),
de modo a identificar os fatores de influÃncia do crescimento econÃmico e da desigualdade de
renda nos Ãndices de pobreza, alÃm de acompanhar sua evoluÃÃo entre 1995 e 2005 com base nos
dados disponibilizados pela Pesquisa Nacional de DomicÃlios (PNAD) em valores constantes
corrigidos pelo Ãndice Nacional de PreÃo ao Consumidor de 2005. Por meio dessa evoluÃÃo Ã
possÃvel identificar se o crescimento econÃmico à pro pobre ou nÃo. O modelo de decomposiÃÃo
consegue separar os efeitos do crescimento econÃmico e da distribuiÃÃo de renda nos Ãndices de
pobreza, sendo necessÃrios os dados sobre a renda familiar per capita da zona rural e a curva de
Lorenz, que à o parÃmetro de desigualdade. O modelo foi utilizado para a anÃlise em Ãmbito
nacional, regional e estadual, abrangendo vinte estados e excluindo o Distrito Federal e os
estados da regiÃo Norte, exceto Tocantins. Os resultados sinalizam na grande maioria dos
estados, a ocorrÃncia de crescimento prà pobre na zona rural brasileira e indicam ainda o
Nordeste como a regiÃo mais atingida com o fenÃmeno da pobreza rural. Juntamente com o
Norte, Ã a que menos reduziu a sua proporÃÃo de pobres, sugerindo a formaÃÃo de clubes de
convergÃncia. Em se tratando da anÃlise por estado, devem-se assinalar os estados das regiÃes Sul
e Centro-Oeste que lideram o ranking de reduÃÃo de pobreza rural para todos os Ãndices
observados. Os resultados deste estudo podem ainda fundamentar estratÃgias de polÃticas pÃblicas
regionais que visem aumentar a atividade econÃmica, e as polÃticas de distribuiÃÃo de renda.Long-term economic growth is a sine qua non condition for ensuring the well being of a population and of their future generations. Most of the time the level of income of a given economy is insufficient to provide a decent life for the population in such a way to enable that everyone is included in the society of consumption. Though, as in Brazilâs case, the income generated is more than enough to provide those benefits for the population, its distribution in fact, doesnât favor this desired outcome. Thus studies that attempts to analyses the relation of income distribution and poverty are relevant. This paper analyses the factors of growth through the decomposition of poverty rates (proportion of poor, the poverty gap and quadratic gap poverty), in order to identify the possible influence of economic growth and inequality of income distribution in the poverty indices. Additionally it analyses the evolution of the poverty indices as well its evolution in the period of 1995 and 2005 based on data provided by the National Survey of Household (PNAD) at constant values corrected by the National Index of Consumer Price to 2005. Through this evolution it is possible to identify if economic growth is in favor or not of the poor. This model of decomposition allows for the separation of effects of economic growth and income distribution on the poverty indices. To achieve this result data on household per capita income of rural area and on the Lorenz curve are necessary. This two set of information give a measure of inequality. The analysis was made at the national, regional and state levels, and involved twenty states. The Federal District and the states of the north region, except Tocantins were excluded. The results indicate the occurrence of positive effects in relation to the poor for the Brazilian rural area in the majority of states. It also indicates that the Northeast region was the most affected with the phenomenon of rural poverty. The Northeast and the Northern regions are the ones where the proportions of poor were less reduced suggesting the formation of clubs of convergence. At the state level it is important to note that the states of the South and Center-West regions are the leaders in reducing the rural poverty for all observed indices. These results can give a basis for implementation of strategies for public policies aimed at increasing regional economic activity, as well as policies for the distribution of income.
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CASTELLANETA, MARIA. "Integrated approach for monitoring the vulnerability of Mediterranean forests affected by drought-induced dieback." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi della Basilicata, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11563/156227.
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Rising aridity, mostly driven by higher temperatures and reduced precipitation, will likely undermine the health status of forest ecosystems. Experiments and observations point to the likelihood that if climate changes proceed at its current rate, the resilience of many forests will be threated by altering their structure and functions and reducing their capability to provide ecosystem services. Such increasing drought conditions, coupled to other biotic and abiotic drivers, are synergistically leading to responses in tree morphology, physiology, growth, reproduction, and forest mortality in different areas of the Mediterranean Basin. However, our understanding of vegetation dynamics in response to climate changes is still lacking, as a robust comprehension relies on the need to obtain insights at multiple temporal and spatial scales. In this context, we sought to forecasting vegetation response to climate stressors, particularly during dieback episodes when tree vulnerability is exacerbated. The first section of this study focused on tree and shrub populations exhibiting recent dieback phenomena in Italy (Quercus pubescens, Quercus frainetto) and Spain (Pinus sylvestris, Juniperus phoenicea). The general aim was to investigate how remotely sensed measures of vegetation activity and radial growth (BAI, basal area increment) responded to climate extreme events. To this purpose, we compared trees and nearby stands showing different vigor, i.e., dieback vs non-dieback, assessed as growth decline, elevated canopy defoliation and rising tree mortality rate. To disentangle growth and NDVI responses to drought, we accounted for two components of drought, namely elevated vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and low soil moisture. As a whole, the response of the investigated species to VPD increase was characterized by growth reduction. In Scots pine, high VPD was linked to a loss of growth in declining individuals which did not respond to changes in soil moisture. Oaks responded mostly to soil moisture, whereas the juniper was the most negatively affected by higher VPD. Indeed, the different hydraulic strategies (anisohydric vs. isohydric species) could partially explain the contrasting growth responses to drought proxies. We also found that dieback stands exhibited lower NDVI values than non-dieback stands. In most cases, NDVI and BAI was positively correlated and such relation likely relied on specific time windows. In the second part of the thesis, the phenological behavior of Mediterranean oak forest stands (Quercus cerris, Quercus pubescens, and Quercus frainetto), showing evident decline symptoms, are investigated by using a satellite-based approach. We explored how a phenological (PPI, Plant Phenology Index) index would be capable to reflect the seasonal vegetative dynamics of forests affected by dieback phenomena. We found that dieback forest stands - characterized by a higher ratio of crown-defoliated trees - showed distinct phenological performance as compared to non-dieback stands. In detail, our results revealed that dieback stands lengthened the growing season by delaying autumn leaf senescence. Nevertheless, both seasonal amplitude and productivity were found to have higher values for non-dieback stands as compared to dieback stands. Furthermore, it was highlighted that non-dieback stands experienced either greening up or senescence periods more rapidly than dieback ones. Overall, our framework demonstrated that the effects of climate extremes on vegetation can be detected either in terms of canopy greenness or radial growth reductions, thus hinting at the opportunity to both employ remotely sensed data as a stand-level indicator of vegetation stress and to scaling up informations from tree to stand levels by using the maximum growing season NDVI and tree-ring width data taken at the individual scales. Our findings also highlighted how patterns of vegetation response to climate extremes may depend on both the water use strategies of trees and shrubs and site-specific climatic conditions. Hence, coupling proxies of forest productivity (NDVI, BAI) may be employed for retrospective modeling of the impact of drought stress on forest productivity and tree growth, enhancing our knowledge and forecast of drought-induced dieback phenomena in woody plant communities.
Furthermore, the second part of the work revealed the phenological behaviour of Mediterranean forest populations showing clear symptoms of decline. We speculated that the lengthened growing season may be related to the dieback trees' effort to compensate for the reduction in whole-plant photosynthesis, associated to canopy decline. Increased photosynthesis during the season under higher temperatures and increased light availability, due to global warming, provided a possible explanation for the greater seasonal amplitude and productivity of healthier stands. Our findings may provide new insights on phenological response to climate change in semi-arid regions, highlighting how trees, showing clear symptoms of decline, may keep their vital activities by changing their phenological performance. What described above leads to a crucial question concerning the potential implications of observed phenological shifts on the global carbon and water balance of terrestrial ecosystems under future climate change. Hence, in the coming years, this study could provide a more comprehensive overview on climate-vegetation interactions, mainly in the Mediterranean Basin, where intensified global warming and aridification trends are expected. Nonetheless, more investigations on the interactive effects among different environmental factors, are needed to improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms affecting vegetation response.
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Mateus, Caroline de Moura D'Andréa. "Crescimento e absorção de nutrientes pelo amarílis (Hippeastrum x hybridum Hort.) /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96920.
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Resumo: O amarílis figura entre as principais plantas ornamentais produzidas no Brasil, principalmente, visando produção de bulbos para exportação, porém estudos referentes ao manejo da cultura ainda são necessários. Desta forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o desenvolvimento e o acúmulo de nutrientes de amarílis, variedade Orange Souvereign, a pleno sol. No estudo relacionado ao crescimento, a área foliar determinada ao final do experimento foi, em média, de 3102,6 cm2, para uma média de 10 folhas por planta. O diâmetro do bulbo alcançado aos 420 DAP (dias após plantio) foi, em média, de 9,2 cm. A massa fresca total ao final do ciclo foi, em média, de 1051 g, dos quais 39% corresponderam à massa fresca obtida pelo bulbo + raízes. Em relação aos índices fisiológicos, a média foi de 7,10 g mês-1 para TCA (taxa de crescimento absoluto); 0,40 g g-1 mês-1 para TCR (taxa de crescimento relativo); 0,052 g cm-2 mês-1 para TAL (taxa de assimilação líquida) e 44,77 cm2 g-1 para RAF (razão de área foliar). No estudo relacionado à absorção de nutrientes, nas condições apresentadas de plantio, a quantidade de macronutrientes extraída, em mg planta-1, até os 420 DAP foi de: 1566 N; 185 P; 2583 K; 639 Ca; 198 Mg e 292 S. Para micronutrientes, a quantidade extraída, em μg planta-1, até os 420 DAP foi de: 2184 B; 1166 Cu; 22334 Fe; 2192 Mn e 4092 Zn. O acúmulo dos nutrientes nos últimos quatro meses representou, em relação ao total: 61% N; 60% P; 62% K; 56% Ca; 41% Mg; 67% S; 61% B; 65% Cu; 51% Fe; 73% Mn e 65% Zn.Abstract: The amaryllis is one of the major ornamental plants produced in Brazil, mainly targeting production of bulbs for export, but studies relating to the management of culture are still needed. Thus, this paper examines the development and accumulation of nutrients from amaryllis, variety Orange Souvereign, in full sun. In the growth study, the leaf area determined at the end of the experiment was, on average, to 3102.6 cm2 to an average of 10 leaves per plant. The diameter of the bulb throughout at 420 DAP (days after planting) was, on average, 9.2 cm. The total fresh weight at the end of the cycle was, on average, 1051 g, of which 39% were obtained by mass fresh bulb + roots. For physiological indices, the average was 7.10 g months-1 for TCA (absolute growth rate), 0.40 g g-1 months-1 for TCR (growth rate relative), 0.0516 g cm-2 months-1 to TAL (net assimilation rate) and 44.77 cm2 g-1 for RAF (ratio of leaf area). In the nutrients absorption study the conditions presented in planting was the amount of macronutrients extracted, in mg plant-1, until 420 DAP was: 1566 N; 185 P; 2583 K; 639 Ca; 198 Mg and 292 S. For micronutrients, the amount extracted, in μg planta-1, until 420 DAP was: 2184 B; 1166 Cu; 22334 Fe; 2192 Mn e 4092 Zn. The accumulation of nutrients in the last four months represented, in relation to the total: 61% N, 60% P, 62% K, 56% Ca, 41% Mg, 67% S, 61% B, 65% Cu, 51% Fe, 73% Mn and 65% Zn.
Orientador: Kathia Fernandes Lopes Pivetta
Coorientador: Roberto Lyra Villas Boas
Banca: Regina Maria Monteiro de Castilho
Banca: Jairo Augusto Campos de Araújo
Mestre
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Majidi, Elmehdi. "Finance islamique et croissance économique : quelles interactions dans les pays MENA." Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU2001/document.
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L’objectif de cette thèse est de répondre à trois questions de recherche, peu explorées dans la littérature. Le but de notre premier essai est d’examiner la relation entre le développement financier islamique et la croissance économique, en utilisant un échantillon de 15 pays sur une période allant de 2000 vers 2009. Les résultats de l’estimation du modèle à effet fixe, variable instrumentale et GMM en différence montrent que le développement financier islamique a un impact positif sur la croissance économique. Les résultats du modèle semi-paramétrique prouvent que l’impact du développement financier islamique sur la croissance économique puisse être non linéaire. Notre deuxième essai s’intéresse à étudier l’effet de la crise des subprimes de 2007-2008 sur les banques islamiques portant sur 70 banques, réparties entre 43 banques classiques et 27 banques islamiques pendant la période 2005-2009. Les résultats prouvent qu’il n’y a pas de différence significative en termes d’effet de la crise sur la solidité des banques islamiques et conventionnelles. Dans notre troisième essai, nous nous s’intéressons à analyser la volatilité des indices boursiers islamiques par rapport à leurs consorts conventionnels. Cinq indices islamiques ont fait l’objet de cette étude ainsi que leurs consorts conventionnels. L’étude couvre la période : 2/02/2009-12/02/2014. Les résultats du test de Granger détectent différentes relations causales. Ainsi, Les résultats du modèle Garch montrent que quatre parmi les cinq indices islamiques sont moins volatiles que leurs consorts conventionnels tandis qu’un seul indice islamique est plus volatile que son consort conventionnelThis dissertation contains three essays on different issues on mergers and acquisitions, left unexplored or unresolved by the existing literature. The first study examine the relationship between Islamic finance development and economic growth in a panel of 15 MENA and Sout-est-asia countries over the 2000-2009 period, using a variety of econometric methods and four standard measures of Islamic financial development. The study identifies two sets of findings. First, fixed effects estimation, panel-data-instrument variables regressions and GMM-difference estimator reveal that the relationship between Islamic financial development and economic growth is positive. The semiparametric panel model shows that there is evidence of nonlinearity in the data. The second study, assess empirically the effect of the 2007-2008 subprime financial crisis on Islamic banks using a sample of 27 Islamic banks and 43 conventional banks during the period from 2005 to 2009. Using the Z-score as indicator of bank stability the results of our regression analysis show that there is no difference in terms of the effect of the financial crisis on the soundness of Islamic bank and their conventional counterparts. The third study aims to examine the volatility of Islamic stock index compared to their conventional counterparts. Five major Islamic stock indexes have been the subject of our third study as well as their conventional counterparts. Covering a time period from 12/02/2009 to 12/02/2014. The application of Granger causality tests detected different causalities during the period, between the returns series under study. Employing Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedastic (GARCH), our results indicate that, four among five Islamic stock indexes were less volatile than their conventional counterparts. But, one Islamic index are more volatile than their conventional counterpart
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Latif, Philip. "Inclusive development in landlocked states." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Handelshögskolan (from 2013), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-78930.
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We estimate the effects of the landlocked dummy on inclusive improvements in living standards using the recently developed Inclusive Development Index (IDI). Utilizing cross-country regression models from recent literature, contributions of income, institutional quality, trade and relevant controls are used to examine the effects of the landlocked trap on inclusive development. Our findings indicate that institutions and geographical conditions have statistically significant effects on the IDI score, while we find no such effects from sea port access or trade. We relate these findings to recent literature and its relevance to poverty reduction in LLDCs.Vi uppskattar effekterna av inlandstatsdummyn på inkluderande förbättringar avlevnadsstandarder genom det nyligen utvecklade inkluderande utvecklingsindexet IDI, Inclusive Development Index. Med hjälp av tvärsnittsregressionsmodeller från aktuell litteratur, använder vi oss av inkomst, institutionell kvalitet, handel och relevanta kontroller för att undersöka inlandsstatsfällans effekter på inkluderande utveckling. Våra resultat antyder att institutioner och geografiska förhållanden har statistiskt signifikanta effekter på ens IDI betyg, medan vi inte kan påvisa någon sådan effekt för varken hamnsstadsåtkomst eller handel. Vi knyter an dessa resultat till aktuell litteratur och dess relevans till fattigdomsbekämpning i kustlösa utvecklingsländer.
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Swoish, Michael Joseph. "Technological Innovations for Mid-Atlantic Cropping Systems." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104449.
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Greater projected demand for food, fuel, and fiber will require substantial increases in global agricultural production over the next three decades. Climate change is also forecasted to make weather events more extreme and variable. Efficiency will become more important as demand for food products increases and the availability of fertilizer and land decreases. Technology may be of paramount importance for pushing the boundaries of production while remaining sustainable for generations to come. The first chapter of this dissertation investigated the importance of rate and timing of the plant growth regulator trinexapac-ethyl to malting barley in Virginia. Plant growth regulators can help plants remain upright during strong winds, thereby preserving grain quality and yield. However, this study demonstrated that risks of plant injury also exist. Application should be restricted to fields with greater risk of lodging and made only after the barley crop has broken dormancy and a substantial increase in air temperature is not forecasted in the week following application. Chapter two compared the efficacy of eight vegetation indices calculated from three satellites (Landsat 8, Sentinel 2, and Planet) for estimating cover crop biomass. Cover crops can have beneficial effects on agricultural land as well as groundwater and surface water, but only when adequate biomass is established to reduce erosion and nutrient leaching. Satellite imagery was able to estimate multi-species cover crop biomass more accurately than field-based sensors, although the most accurate vegetation index was dependent upon which satellite was being tested. Chapter three investigated the potential of Arabidopsis thaliana ipk1-, a loss-of-function mutant which exhibits decreased growth at elevated phosphorus concentration, for serving as in indicator of plant available phosphorus. An indicator crop could provide greater spatial resolution compared to soil testing, as well as represent plant available nutrients as opposed to chemically extracted nutrient estimations. Plant response exhibited a quadratic relationship with media P concentration in the range of fertilizer decision making for maize, providing valuable insight for potential yield response in agricultural fields below 'very high' phosphorus concentration.Doctor of Philosophy
Climate change, increased demand for locally sourced ingredients, and elevated pressure for environmentally responsible practices will make meeting the growing demand for food difficult for farmers to achieve over the next few decades. Similar to many other industries, implementation of advanced technology may be necessary to keep up with agricultural demand. Plant growth regulators are one such technology which when applied to plants can cause them to remain short, decreasing the chance of blowing over during windstorms. However, chapter one of this dissertation concluded that risks of plant injury also exist when applying plant growth regulator on malting barley (for brewing or distilling). Application should be restricted to fields with greater risk of wind damage (e.g. taller barley) and made only after the barley crop begins spring growth and a decrease in air temperature is not forecasted in the week following application. Chapter two compared eight spectral vegetation indices across three satellites with different image resolution for their ability to estimate cover crop biomass. Cover crops protect groundwater and surface water quality, but only when adequate growth is achieved. Satellite imagery was able to estimate multi-species cover crop biomass more accurately than field-based sensors, although the most accurate vegetation index was dependent upon which satellite was being tested. Chapter three investigated the potential of Arabidopsis thaliana ipk1-, a loss-of-function mutant which exhibits decreased growth at elevated phosphorus concentration, as in indicator of plant available phosphorus in soil. An indicator crop could help determine which areas of a field are likely to have increased crop yield if fertilized and which are not. The mutant tested could be useful as an indicator crop given its response to phosphorus concentration, warranting further research with other plant species more appropriate for field use.
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Kerambrun, Élodie. "Évaluation des effets biologiques des contaminants chimiques sur les juvéniles de poissons marins : approche multibiomarqueur en conditions expérimentales et in situ." Thesis, Littoral, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DUNK0317/document.
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L’évaluation de l’impact des polluants dans l’environnement est une des préoccupations majeures qui s’inscrit dans la Directive Européenne Cadre Eau 2000. Les réglementations préconisées ont notamment pour objectif de parvenir au bon état chimique et écologique des masses d’eau. Dans ce contexte, notre étude a consisté à développer une approche multibiomarqueur sur des juvéniles de poisson afin d’évaluer les effets biologiques de la pollution chimique en milieu littoral. Des paramètres moléculaires de détoxification (EROD, GST) et une enzyme antioxydante (CAT) ont été utilisés en tant que «système d’alarme » susceptibles de détecter une perturbation avant l’apparition de signes pathologiques irréversibles. En parallèle, différents biomarqueurs physiologiques (croissance somatique et récente, rapport ARN/ADN, indices morphométrique et lipidique) ont été analysés en considérant que ceux-ci pourraient révéler les dommages induit par les polluants sur l’état de santé des juvéniles. La sensibilité et la pertinence des biomarqueurs moléculaires et physiologiques ont été testés expérimentalement sur des juvéniles : i) de bar exposés à une pollution aigüe de pétrole, ii) de bar et de turbot soumis à des mélanges de contaminants en concentrations environnementales en conditions contrôlée et semi-contrôlée (« caging »). Nos résultats montrent la capacité de l’EROD, et à un degré moindre de la GST, à détecter une exposition courte (2 et 4 jours) des organismes au pétrole et à refléter ses effets délétères sur leur état de santé. Cette relation entre biomarqueurs moléculaires et physiologiques a par contre été plus difficilement établie dans un contexte de pollution multiple. Les indices de croissance et de condition utilisés se sont avérés plus sensibles aux différents niveaux de contamination analysés (métaux et HAPs). Leur utilisation a permis d’évaluer la condition affaiblie des organismes mis en cage en milieu portuaire pendant 38 jours. Cette expérience de « caging » s’est révélée concluante, notamment pour les juvéniles de bar, sur lesquels aucun stress physiologique de la mise en cage n’a été détecté dans la station de référence. Les effets délétères des contaminants chimiques sur l’état de santé des juvéniles de turbot ont également été observés en condition contrôlée après exposition de 21 jours aux mêmes sédiments portuaires et à un sédiment estuarien. En complément de ces expériences, une étude de terrain a été réalisée sur des juvéniles de flet prélevés dans des estuaires le long de la côte française et belge. Une diminution des indices morphométrique et lipidique des juvéniles de flet, issu des trois estuaires anthropisés, a été observée en relation avec des bioconcentrations en métaux plus élevées que l’estuaire de référence. Les résultats issus de ces différentes études montrent la potentialité des indices de croissance et de condition à révéler les effets biologiques des contaminants chimiques sur les juvéniles de poissons marins. Cependant, leur spécificité vis à vis des polluants étant plus faible que les paramètres de détoxification, leur utilisation peut être limitée. Ces travaux montrent ainsi le besoin d’utiliser des biomarqueurs à différents niveaux d’organisation biologique dans les programmes de biosurveillanceEvaluation of pollutant effects in environment is one of the major issues of the European Water Framework Directive 2000. Regulations have particularly the objective to reach to a good chemical and ecological status of water bodies. In this context, the aim of our study was to develop a multibiomarker approach on juvenile marine fish in order to evaluate the biological effects of chemical pollution in coastal areas. Molecular detoxification parameters (EROD, GST) and an antioxidant enzyme (CAT) were used as early warning tools of toxicity allowing the prevention of irreversible damages. In parallel, different physiological biomarkers (somatic and recent growth, RNA:DNA ratio, morphometric and lipidic indices) were analysed as reflecting damages on juveniles health. Sensitivity and relevance of molecular and physiological biomarkers were tested experimentally on juvenile : i) sea bass exposed to acute petroleum pollution, ii) sea bass and turbot submitted to a mix of contaminants in environmental concentrations during controlled and semi-controlled (caging) conditions. Our results show the ability of EROD, and in lower degree the GST, to detect short exposure (2 and 4 days) of organisms to petroleum and to reflect their deleterious effects on fish health. This relationship between molecular and physiological biomarkers was more difficultly established under multiple pollutions. Growth and condition indices were found to be more sensitive to the different levels of chemical contamination analysed (metal, PAHs). Their analyses allowed us to evaluate the weakened condition of organisms caged in the harbour area during 38 days. This caging experiment was relevant especially for juvenile sea bass in which no physiological stress was detected in the reference station. Deleterious effects of chemical contaminant on turbot juvenile health were also observed in controlled condition after 21 days exposure to the same harbour sediments and to an estuarine sediment. In complement to these experiments, a field study was realized on juvenile flounders sampled in some estuaries along the French and Belgium coast. A decrease of morphometric and lipidic indices were found in juvenile flounders from the three anthropogenic estuaries showing the highest metal bioconcentrations compared to the reference estuary. Results from these different studies showed the potentiality of growth and condition indices to reflect biological effects of chemical contaminants on juvenile marine fish. However, their use could be limited by their lower specificity to pollutant than parameters involved in detoxification. These works show therefore the need to use biomarkers at different level of biological organization in biomonitoring programs
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Vermeer, Lotus Arrieta. "Changes in growth and abundance of seagrasses in Barbados, West Indies." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0019/NQ57351.pdf.
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Lanzarin, Karina. "RELAÇÕES MORFOMÉTRICAS E POTENCIAL DE MANEJO DE Maclura tinctoria (L.) D. Don Ex. Steud EM FORMAÇÕES SECUNDÁRIAS NO NOROESTE DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8789.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThe objective of this study was to characterize Maclura tinctoria individuals in anthropic secondary formations, as their growth aspects in diameter and basal area, their morphometric relationships, spatial distribution and crown regularity. Also analyzing the behavior of individuals with more than one trunk, called multitrunks, and establish regression models to estimate basal area increment, crown diameter and height. For this, they were measured in two distinct areas in Porto Mauá, RS, diameter at breast height, total height, crown diameter and punctual density of each individual (using Bitterlich method). The morphometric indices were calculated based on data obtained from the field. The regularity of the crown was obtained by the coefficient of variation of the crown rays. For spatial analysis was calculated K Ripley function. The annual periodic increment in diameter (IPAd) and basal area (IPAg) were obtained by analysis of growth rings. In order to verify if these variables influence increments, Pearson correlation analysis was performed. It was developed mathematical equations, the stepwise method to estimate the increment in basal area, crown diameter and total height. The tendency of multitrunks individuals in relation to the single-stem for all variables was verified using analysis of covariance. The multitrunks trees in general show a similar tendency to the trees with a single stem. The studied species have moderate growth to fast, presenting therefore great potential for management. The spatial distribution indicated groupings to a higher range to 15 meters. Morphometric indices varied widely, demonstrating the plasticity of the species. As the variation in crown rays was extensive, featuring its irregularity. The morphometric variables, did not exert significant influence on the increment in diameter of Maclura tinctoria individuals. This indicates that the growth in diameter is statistically the same regardless of tree form. However, the degree of slenderness and comprehensiveness index correlated with the periodic increment in basal area. It was possible to define equations with good settings for height, crown diameter and increment in basal area of the species. All the elaborate equations had dbh as dependent variable, indicating the strong correlation of this variable with the other characteristics of trees Maclura tinctoria.
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi caracterizar indivíduos de Maclura tinctoria em formações secundárias antropizadas, quanto a seus aspectos de crescimento em diâmetro e área basal, suas relações morfométricas, distribuição espacial e regularidade da copa. Além de analisar o comportamento de indivíduos com mais de um fuste, denominados multitroncos, e ainda elaborar modelos de regressão para estimar o crescimento em área basal, diâmetro de copa e altura. Para isso, foram medidos, em duas áreas distintas em Porto Mauá, RS, o diâmetro à altura do peito, altura total, diâmetro de copa e densidade pontual (pelo método de Bitterlich) de cada indivíduo. Os índices morfométricos foram calculados com base nos dados obtidos à campo. A regularidade da copa foi obtida através do coeficiente de variação dos raios de copa. Para análise espacial calculou-se a função K de Ripley. O incremento periódico anual em diâmetro (IPAd) e em área basal (IPAg) foram obtidos por análise dos anéis de crescimento. A fim de verificar que variáveis influenciam nestes incrementos, foi realizada análise de correlação de Pearson. Elaborou-se equações matemáticas, pelo método stepwise, para estimar o incremento em área basal, diâmetro de copa e altura total. A tendência dos indivíduos multitroncos em relação aos com fuste único para todas as variáveis foi verificada utilizando análise de covariância. As árvores multitroncos no geral demonstram tendência semelhante às árvores com fuste único. A espécie estudada possui crescimento moderado à rápido, apresentando, portanto, grande potencial para manejo. A distribuição espacial indicou agrupamentos para uma escala superior a 15 metros. Os índices morfométricos variaram amplamente, demonstrando a plasticidade da espécie. Assim como a variação nos raios de copa foi ampla, caracterizando sua irregularidade. As variáveis morfométricas, não exerceram influência significativa no incremento em diâmetro dos indivíduos de Maclura tinctoria. O que indica que o crescimento em diâmetro é estatisticamente o mesmo, independente da forma da árvore. Contudo, o grau de esbeltez e índice de abrangência apresentaram correlação com o incremento periódico em área basal. Foi possível definir equações com bons ajustes para a altura, diâmetro de copa e incremento em área basal da espécie. Todas as equações elaboradas tiveram como variável dependente o DAP, indicando a forte correlação desta variável com as demais características das árvores de Maclura tinctoria.
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Filipuci, Isil. "The effects of environmental stressors on coastal fish : in situ and experimental approach." Thesis, Littoral, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DUNK0399/document.
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Les estuaires et les zones côtières constituent des territoires à fort enjeux stratégiques économiquement et pour l'environnement. Ils assurent de nombreuses fonctions biologiques et écologiques dont celle de nourricerie et de frayère pour les poissons. Ces écosystèmes sont pourtant soumis à de multiples facteurs de stress, à la fois naturels et anthropogéniques, qui peuvent représenter une menace potentielle envers les organismes aquatiques, en particulier pour les espèces commerciales de poissons. Dans ce contexte, les effets de facteurs de stress environnementaux tels que la contamination chimique et les efflorescences algales nuisibles (HABs) ont été étudiés par des approches in situ et expérimentale (microcosme et mésocosme) sur deux espèces de poissons : le flet (Platichthys flesus) et le bar (Dicentrarchus labrax). Durant cette thèse, nous avons utilisé différents indicateurs pour déterminer les réponses des poissons aux stress environnementaux. Parmi ces outils, nous avons utilisés des indices de croissance et condition, des biomarqueurs moléculaires et des paramètres immunologiquesEstuaries and coastal areas are essential fish habitat as nursery and spawning but characterized by the presence of multiple interacting stressors, both natural and anthropogenic, which can represent potential threat toward aquatic organisms, especially for commercial fish species. In this context, the impacts of environmental stressors such as chemical contamination and Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have been studied by in situ and experimentally (microcosm and mesocosm) approaches on two fish species : European flounder (Platichthys flesus) and European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). During this thesis, we used various indicators to determine fish responses to environmental stressors. Among these tools, we used the growth and conditions indices, molecular biomarkers and immunological parameters. In situ approach has been realized in two different systems anthropogenically influenced : one is heavily impacted system (Seine estuary) and the others are less impacted and/or considered as "clean" systems (Canche, Authie and Somme estuaries). As juvenile flounders concentrate in estuaries, we have chosen this species as a biological indicator to evaluate the quality of these estuarine habitats. This in situ study emphasized the negative impact of contaminants on the nursery function of estuaries. The Seine estuary exhibited the highest metals and PAHs contents in sediment compared to other estuaries and metal concentration in juvenile flounder of this estuary were also significantly higher than ones collected in the less polluted estuaries. In the same way, fish growth and condition indices were significantly lower in individuals from this estuary in spite of the sufficient food availability. To control environmental parameters such as hydrological parameters and food availability, a microcosm experiment was carried out on sea bass juveniles exposed to fresh sediment from five sites with different chemical concentrations using multi-biomarker approaches. After 21 days exposure, no metal accumulation in fish gills and any significant differences on the physiological performances and immune system responses of fish juveniles could be observed. On the other hand, responses of molecular biomarkers, particularly, EROD, GST and CAT activities increase with the chemical contamination gradient after 7days of exposure in sediment. This microcosm study confirmed the sensibility and relativity of short term molecular biomarkers responses to the chemical contamination. These two studies highlighted the complexity of the fish responses to environmental stressor due to the many variable environmental factors in situ and due to the selection of fish species (pelagic or benthic) and the exposure duration in controlled laboratory assays. Beside the impact of pollution on fish, Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are widespread along the eastern English Channel and may alter ecological functions of coastal zones and thus affecting nursery ground and fish populations. Nevertheless, the effects of two recurrent harmful algal blooms : a) Phaegocystis globosa and its degraded form transparent exopolymeric particles (TEP) with foam accumulation and b) Pseudo-nitzschia pseudodelicatissima (exponential versus senescent phase) was investigated on the growth and condition of sea bass juveniles. Both mesocosm experiments exhibited any negative impact on juvenile sea bass physiological performance, hence, survival and recruitment success. In conclusion, the results of this thesis contributed to improve the fish responses with multi-biomarker approaches to monitor and assess the health of fish communities and fish habitat quality, as well as the general ecological status of coastal zones and estuaries against the various environmental stressors
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Hudek, Jarrett F. "Tenderness of Bos indicus influenced cattle as impacted by anabolic implants and gender." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-05-678.
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Meyer, Crystal Rose Foster. "Craniofacial growth and development in the Arikara." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1663116451&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Barrett, Stephen G. "Growth through change." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1995. http://www.tren.com.
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Thesis (D. Min.)--Westminster Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, 1995.Includes tutor's manual: Growth through change in Northern Argentina; and Doctor of Ministry contract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 269-273).
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Indira, Nagaraju Rajeev. "India's Economic Growth: Role of Political Performance and Gender Wage Gap." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4370.
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This dissertation will explore how gender wage gap and political capacity represented by relative political extraction affect change in economic growth rate of a country. The main argument of the study is that gender wage gap is affecting the labor market by discouraging productive female labor force from entering the labor market. This in turn affects the efficiency and productivity of the labor market reflected in negative economic growth or economic growth potential being compromised. Here the case of Indian economy is examined. The important policy implication of this study is that it could account for the wage differential between genders and it could show how economies are missing out on the labor productivity and in turn negatively affecting the rate of economic growth.
Various sociological literatures have dealt in depth with the gender wage gap and its effect on the socio-cultural fabric of a society. While the current study recognizes existence of extensive sociological theories on gender wage gap, the focus is on the economic impact of gender wage gap on the growth rate change of a country. The argument is that gender wage gap negatively affects the economic growth rate change.
Economic growth literature have proved beyond doubt that economic and political factor together contribute to the economic growth of a country. Political variables such as political capacity reflects the efficiency of the government in resource extraction, its reach and allocation of those resources extracted. Such an efficient government provides the necessary environment for the economic growth. However, this political variable alone is not enough to increase economic growth of an economy. Rather governments must also possess the economic tools necessary, such as capital stock, human labor and labor force.
These economic and political variables together can contribute towards an increased economic growth. How these political and economic factors combine to achieve economic growth of a country? Hence this study looks at both the economic and political variables in a model to see how they affect economic growth.
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Ribeiro, Fernando Alberto Loforte Teixeira. "The postlarval development, growth and nutrition of the Indian white prawn Penaeus indicus (H. Milne Edwards)." Thesis, Bangor University, 1998. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-postlarval-development-growth-and-nutrition-of-the-indian-white-prawn-penaeus-indicus-hmilne-edwards(b7a86575-1aac-4152-a00a-5db58f5cc36d).html.
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This study investigates the postlarval development of Penaeus indicus. Particular emphasis is given to characterisation of developmental morphology, growth, ontogenetic change in digestive enzymes, and assessment of energy requirements for postlarval substages. The morphology of the Penaeus indicus postlarvae (PL) changes continuously as consecutive substages (PL1-14) were reached by daily moults. After 22 ecdyses (typically 35 days) the PL22 substage is succeeded by the adult form. Most of the morphological differentiation is observed after 2 weeks at substage PL14, but the branchiae only reach full development from substage PL16. The rostrum teeth, telson spines and ratio of body segments are important characters for identification of Penaeus indicus PL stage. Growth of PL1 postlarvae was significantly slower when fed artificial diets rather than Artemia nauplii. Similarly 14-day postlarvae which were slow developers (PL9) also grew slowly on artificial diets whereas postlarvae of the same age (substage PL14) did not show this suppression. Trypsin and amylase digestive activities increased with PL development (P<0.001) but did not change significantly (P>0.05) with diet fed. Trypsin was low during early PL stages of development and a sharp increase in tryptic activity was only observed at substage PL20 (24 mm). Amylase increased from PL1 and exceeded that of trypsin for 2-3 weeks after metamorphosis. It appears that during early stages of development postlarvae are unable to efficiently digest artificial diets due to low digestive activity. For smaller 14-day postlarvae, poor performance is possible related to a genetic regulated constraint and not to digestive capacity since enzyme levels were similar to those in larger PL14. PL1 fed for 15 days on commercially dried low-hatch decapsulated Artemia cysts showed comparable growth and survival to that of PLs fed on Artemia nauplii, but significantly higher (P<0.05) than that supported by commercial granulated and flake diets and low-hatch decapsulated cysts processed into a granulated diet or dried at 90°C. Leaching of soluble protein and carbohydrates was high for all artificial diets but low-hatch decapsulated cysts were highly stable in water. Commercially dried low-hatch cysts retain a living membrane capable of osmoregulation and retaining highly digestible nutrients important for fast growth and development of postlarvae. Survival of postlarvae was negatively correlated (P<0.05) with leaching of soluble protein, but no correlation was observed for loss of soluble carbohydrates. Daily food ingestion and routine metabolism of postlarvae increased with PL development. Food metabolism (SDA) was low for early PL stages, but increased steadily up to stage PL16 and remained the same from this substage onwards. Assimilation efficiency decreased for early PL substages and remained low up to PL13, and then increased steadily. Different energy strategies seem to be adopted during postlarval development to cope with ontogenetic modifications after metamorphosis. During early development little energy is lost in metabolism, and so more energy is converted to growth to support fast development, with increase in predatory behaviour and development of digestive system. Later more energy is lost in metabolism and committed for maintenance. The ontogenetic changes in digestive activity, energy trend and assimilation efficiency latter in PL development seems to reflect the adaptation to benthic carnivorous existence and migration of postlarvae and juveniles form inshore nursery to deeper waters. Stocking density above 20 PLs 1- reduced growth and survival but increased size variability above the inherent range, for postlarvae PL1-18 days old. However, Penaeus indicus postlarvae showed low agonistic behaviour and tolerated relatively high densities similar to that of other penaeid species, which further enhances the potential and advantages of the white prawn for culture.
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Lopes, Luís Filipe Soares. "Growth and internationalisation strategy : franchising of the Inditex Group." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/7776.
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Mestrado em FinançasAo longo dos anos o franchising tem vindo a desempenhar um papel importante no crescimento das organizações. O principal objetivo desta dissertação é avaliar de que modo o franchising tem vindo a contribuir para o crescimento e internacionalização do grupo Inditex e de que forma a companhia seleciona os mercados e como determina a entrada nesses mercados. Nesta dissertação procedeu-se à análise de frequências do número de unidades entre 2002 e 2013 tendo em conta as diferentes marcas do grupo Inditex, as diferentes localizações geográficas e os diferentes tipos de exploração (lojas franchising em oposição a lojas próprias). Seguidamente, procedemos igualmente a uma análise financeira que nos parece indicar que não existe relação entre os indicadores financeiros e o tipo de exploração escolhida. A análise de frequências anteriormente mencionada permitiu-nos o desenvolvimento de um estudo de correlações onde são também tidas em conta variáveis económicas, políticas, legais e demográficas. Concluímos que há uma grande relação entre a localização e o tipo de exploração e uma relação não tão linear entre a localização e a marca. Além disso, concluímos que em países onde o poder de compra dos consumidores é mais baixo e/ou o rendimento é assimétrico, os contratos de franchising são mais comuns assim como em países com uma perceção mais elevada dos níveis de corrupção e uma política interna instável.
hrough the years franchising has been playing a major role in the growth of companies. The main purpose of this dissertation is to evaluate the importance of franchising to Inditex growth and internationalization and explain how market selection and entry strategy of franchised units is developed by the company. In this dissertation we proceeded to a frequency analysis of the number of units between 2002 and 2013 taking into consideration Inditex’s different brands, different geographic locations and different types of exploration (franchising or company-owned units). We also proceeded to a financial analysis that allowed us to conclude that there is no relationship between the group financial indicators and the type of exploration chosen. Moreover, the frequency analysis previously mentioned allowed us to develop a correlation study where we also took into consideration economic, political, legal and demographic variables. We concluded that there is a higher relationship between the location and the type of exploration and a certain relationship, more weakly, between the location and the type of brand. Moreover, we found out that in countries where the purchasing power is lower and/or there is asymmetric, income franchising agreements are more common as well as in countries with higher perception of corruption and unstable political environment.
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Gladney, Cody Jack. "Evaluation of udder and teat characteristics, calf growth, and reproduction in young Bos indicus-Bos taurus cows." Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/85988.
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Sire and family effects were evaluated for calf growth, udder and teat
conformation, and reproduction traits in 2- to 4- yr-old cows from the McGregor
Genomics Project. Cows were produced by embryo transfer (ET) and natural service
(NS) from the same 4 F1 Nellore-Angus sires, and were analyzed separately. Sire of cow
was significant for calf birth weight (P = 0.014) among ET cows, but not NS cows.
Among NS families, calves from cows out of Brahman-Hereford dams were 2.0 kg
heavier (P = 0.064) at birth than calves from cows out of Brahman-Angus dams. Sire of
cow accounted for variation in weaning weight (P = 0.006) and preweaning ADG (P =
0.005) of calves from ET dams, but not NS dams. Family nested within sire also
accounted for variation (P = 0.061) in weaning weights of calves from ET dams. Sire of
cow was significant for average teat length in ET (P < 0.001) and NS (P = 0.013) cows.
Sire of cow was significant for average teat diameter (P = 0.022) among NS cows. Sire
of cow also affected udder support score (P = 0.002), cow disposition at calf birth (P =
0.002), and cow weight at weaning (P = 0.045) in ET cows. Family and cow age also
accounted for variation in cow disposition at calf birth (P = 0.015, P = 0.041, respectively) and cow weight at weaning (P = 0.001, P < .001, respectively) among ET
cows. Calf year of birth also affected (P < .001) cow weight at weaning among ET
cows. For NS dams, calf year of birth (P = 0.012), cow age (P < .001), and parity nested
within cow age (P = 0.005) affected cow weight at weaning. Although reproduction
data were not formally analyzed, there appear to be substantial differences for calving
rate and average calving date among these cow families. Data from this project will be
used for identification of genetic markers for these cow productivity traits.
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Zambre, Vaishali. "Handel und Arbeitsmarkteffekte im Verarbeitenden Gewerbe Indiens." Master's thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2013. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2014/6614/.
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In der vorliegenden Diplomarbeit wird untersucht welche Wirkungen der Industriegüterhandel auf die Beschäftigung im Verarbeitenden Gewerbe Indiens hat. Dazu werden die Implikationen der handelstheoretischen Modelle der Neoklassik, der Neuen sowie der Neu-Neuen Handelstheorie abgeleitet und erörtert. Es schließt sich eine empirische Analyse an, die sich an Jenkins und Sen (2006) orientiert. Dabei werden zunächst der Faktorgehalt sowie die Handelsstruktur analysiert. Um die Beschäftigungseffekte zu quantifizieren, erfolgt eine Zerlegung des Beschäftigungswachstums. Es wird auch untersucht, inwiefern die handelsinduzierte Wettbewerbsintensivierung zu einem effizienteren Arbeitseinsatz geführt hat.
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die handelsinduzierten Beschäftigungseffekte im Beobachtungszeitraum zwar positiv, aber vergleichsweise gering ausgefallen sind. Gleichzeitig wirkt sich die Entwicklung der Handelsstruktur zunehmend negativ auf das potentielle Beschäftigungswachstum aus, sodass auf Basis der hier gewonnenen Erkenntnisse nicht davon auszugehen ist, dass zukünftige Handelsflüsse einen signifikanten Beitrag zur Schaffung neuer Beschäftigungsmöglichkeiten leisten können.This paper investigates the employment effects of trade in the manufacturing sector in India. In a first step the theoretical implications of different trade theories, including the Neoclassical, the New and the New-New trade theory, are discussed. The employment effects are then analyzed from an empirical perspective, where the approach is taken from Jenkins and Sen (2006). The analysis comprises a factor content analysis of trade flows and a decomposition of employment growth. It is also examined whether the trade induced increase in competition has led to a more efficient use of labor. The results show, that the employment effects have been positive over the whole observation period. However, they are comparatively small. Additionally, the development of the trade structure lowers the potential of trade induced employment growth. Based on these results, it can be concluded that future trade flows will not significantly help to create new jobs in the manufacturing sector in India.
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Cucki, Thalita Oliveira [UNESP]. "A eficiência do sistema superprecoce com bovinos de diferentes proporções do genótipo Bos indicus." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104140.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da proporção de sangue zebuíno no desempenho animal em confinamento, mensuração do crescimento animal, bem como as características de carcaça ao abate de bovinos jovens. Foram utilizados 96 novilhos não castrados, sendo, 24 da raça Nelore (N), 24 three cross Angus x Nelore x Brahman (TBH), 24 da raça Brangus (BG) e 24 three cross Angus x Nelore x Pardo - Suíço (TPS). Maior peso ao abate foi apresentado pelo grupo TPS (<0,01), seguidos pelos grupos BG e TBH, assim como maior ganho de peso médio diário, não diferindo do grupo BG.O grupo N apresentou menor ganho de peso médio diário e pior conversão alimentar (<0,01), entretanto apresentaram o maior peso de carcaça quente, juntamente com os grupos TPS e TBH, mesmo não diferindo dos outros três grupos quanto ao rendimento de carcaça.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efects of different proportions of Bos indicus genotype on the feedlot performance, animal growth and carcass traits. There were used 96 bull calves, being 24 Nelore (N), 24 Angus x Nelore x Brahman (TBH) threecrosses, 24 Brangus (BG) e 24 Angus x Nelore x Brown Suiss (TPS) threecrosses. The TPS cross showed higher slaugther weigth (<0.01) followed by the BG and TBH groups. The groups TPS and BG had higher average daily gain. The N group had lower average daily gain and worst feed conversion rate (<0.01). However, it had, with the TPS and TBH groups, higher hot carcass weigths. The carcass yield did not differ among the treatments.
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Mello, Raquel Rodrigues Costa. "Par?metros reprodutivos de vacas Sindi (Bos taurus indicus) tratadas com dois protocolos de sincroniza??o da ovula??o." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1271.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
The Sindhi breed has excellent adaptability to adverse weather conditions and management, and good ability to milk production. Although many researches will be developed with Sindhi breed animals, such experiments are focused mainly on productive aspects, and researches involving the reproductive tract are still scarce in the Sindhi Zebu breed. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive parameters of Sindhi cows, aiming to improve the efficiency of FTAI protocols in this breed. To this end, sixteen Sindhi cows with body condition score between 3,0 and 4,0 (scale from 1 to 5) were divided into two evaluation groups: In group I (BE protocol, n=8) animals received on day 0 an intravaginal P4 device and an application of 2mg of estradiol benzoate. On day 8 the device was removed and applied 10mg of Dinoprost (PGF2?), and on day 9, applied 1 mg of estradiol benzoate, and were fixed-time artificial inseminated 36 h later; in group II (BE + eCG protocol, n=8) animals were submitted through same treatment, and on day 8 were applied 400 IU of eCG. From day 0 for both treatments, the animals were examined daily by trans-rectal ultrasound device equipped with a 7,5MHz linear transducer (CHISON? D600 VET). This evaluation was performed up to ovulation. At each assessment, the largest follicles of each day (?4 mm) were measured. It used analysis of variance (ANOVA) to evaluate the results, and the means determined by Tukey test, with significance level of 5%. For data analysis, it was observed that there was no statistical difference (P>0.05) for groups I (Treatment I: no eCG) and II (Treatment II: 400 IU eCG) concerning to emergence of follicular wave, 4.5 ? 1.4 and 3.8 ? 0.3 days; interval between the emergence of the wave and ovulation, 5.8 ? 1.4 and 7.1 ? 0.3 days; interval between the emergence of the wave and implant removal, 3,5 ? 1,4 and 4,1 ? 0,3; interval between implant removal and ovulation, 74.0 ? 11.8 and 82.5 ? 4.2 hours; diameter of the dominant follicle (DF) at the time of implant removal, 7.5 ? 2.5 and 6.6 ? 1.5 mm; diameter maximum of DF, 10.47 ? 8.85 and 3.7 ? 1.2 mm; growth rate of the DF, 0.90 ? 0.83 and 0.7 ? 0.6 mm/day and ovulation rate, 75 % (6/8) and 100% (8/8), respectively. Regarding to pregnancy rate, it was observed that there was statistical difference (P<0.05) between protocols I and II (0% and 50%, respectively). Therefore, we conclude that the use of eCG in Sindhi breed cows was not effective in improving the reproductive parameters examined, perhaps because the cows are cycling at the beginning of treatment and had good body condition score during the experiment. On the other hand, there was an increase in pregnancy rate with the use of eCG, indicating that this gonadotropin may be a useful tool in FTAI protocols in this breed.
A ra?a Sindi apresenta excelente adaptabilidade ?s condi??es adversas de manejo e clima, e boa capacidade de produ??o de leite. Embora muitas pesquisas venham sendo desenvolvidas com animais desta ra?a, tais experimentos se concentram predominantemente em aspectos produtivos, pesquisas envolvendo a ?rea reprodutiva ainda s?o escassas na ra?a Sindi. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os par?metros reprodutivos de vacas Sindi, buscando melhorar a efici?ncia dos protocolos de IATF nesta ra?a. Para tanto, 16 vacas da ra?a Sindi, com escore de condi??o corporal entre 3,0 e 4,0 (escala de 1,0 a 5,0) foram divididas em dois grupos de avalia??o: no grupo I (esquema BE, n=8), os animais receberam no dia 0 um implante intravaginal impregnado com 1,9g de progest?geno e uma aplica??o de 2mg de benzoato de estradiol. No dia 8 o implante vaginal foi removido, sendo aplicados 10mg de Dinoprost (PGF2?) e, no dia 9, aplicado 1mg de benzoato de estradiol, sendo realizada a IATF 36 horas ap?s; no grupo II (esquema BE + eCG, n=8), os animais passaram pelo mesmo tratamento, sendo que no dia 8 foram aplicadas 400UI de gonadotrofina cori?nica eq?ina (eCG). A partir do dia 0, para os dois tratamentos, os animais foram examinados diariamente por via trans-retal com aparelho de ultrassom (CHISON? D600 VET) equipado com um transdutor linear de 7,5 MHz. Esta avalia??o foi realizada at? o momento da ovula??o. Em cada avalia??o, os maiores fol?culos de cada dia (?4 mm) foram mensurados. Foi utilizada a an?lise de vari?ncia (ANOVA) para avalia??o dos resultados, sendo as m?dias determinadas pelo teste de Tukey, com n?vel de signific?ncia de 5%. Pela an?lise dos dados, observou-se que n?o houve diferen?a estat?stica (P>0,05) para os grupos I e II na emerg?ncia da onda folicular, 4,5 ? 1,4 e 3,8 ? 0,3 dias; no intervalo entre a emerg?ncia da onda e a ovula??o, 5,8 ? 1,4 e 7,1 ? 0,3 dias; no intervalo entre a emerg?ncia da onda e a retirada do implante, 3,5 ? 1,4 e 4,1 ? 0,3; no intervalo entre a retirada do implante e a ovula??o, 74,0 ? 11,8 e 82,5 ? 4,2 horas; no di?metro do fol?culo dominante (FD) na retirada do implante, 7,5 ? 2,5 e 6,6 ? 1,5 mm; no di?metro m?ximo do FD, 10,47 ? 3,7 e 8,85 ? 1,2 mm; na taxa de crescimento do FD, 0,90 ? 0,7 e 0,83 ? 0,6 mm/dia e na taxa de ovula??o, 75% (6/8) e 100% (8/8), respectivamente. Com rela??o ? taxa de prenhez, foi observada diferen?a estat?stica (P<0,05) entre os grupos I e II, sendo 0% (0/8) e 50% (4/8), respectivamente. Portanto, conclui-se que o uso do eCG em f?meas bovinas da ra?a Sindi n?o foi efetivo em melhorar os par?metros reprodutivos analisados, talvez pelo fato das vacas apresentarem bom escore de condi??o corporal durante a realiza??o do experimento. Por outro lado, houve um aumento na taxa de prenhez com o uso do eCG, indicando que este pode ser uma ferramenta ?til em protocolos de IATF nesta ra?a.
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Tomascik, Tomas. "The effects of eutrophication on the growth rates, reproductive potential and community structure of the inshore reef-building corals in Barbados, West Indies /." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74000.
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Cucki, Thalita Oliveira 1977. "A eficiência do sistema superprecoce com bovinos de diferentes proporções do genótipo Bos indicus /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104140.
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Orientador: Luiz Artur Loyola CharduloBanca: Albino Luchiari Filho
Banca: Cyntia Ludovico Martins
Banca: Antonio Carlos Silveira
Banca: Rafael da Costa Cervieri
Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da proporção de sangue zebuíno no desempenho animal em confinamento, mensuração do crescimento animal, bem como as características de carcaça ao abate de bovinos jovens. Foram utilizados 96 novilhos não castrados, sendo, 24 da raça Nelore (N), 24 three cross Angus x Nelore x Brahman (TBH), 24 da raça Brangus (BG) e 24 three cross Angus x Nelore x Pardo - Suíço (TPS). Maior peso ao abate foi apresentado pelo grupo TPS (<0,01), seguidos pelos grupos BG e TBH, assim como maior ganho de peso médio diário, não diferindo do grupo BG.O grupo N apresentou menor ganho de peso médio diário e pior conversão alimentar (<0,01), entretanto apresentaram o maior peso de carcaça quente, juntamente com os grupos TPS e TBH, mesmo não diferindo dos outros três grupos quanto ao rendimento de carcaça.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efects of different proportions of Bos indicus genotype on the feedlot performance, animal growth and carcass traits. There were used 96 bull calves, being 24 Nelore (N), 24 Angus x Nelore x Brahman (TBH) threecrosses, 24 Brangus (BG) e 24 Angus x Nelore x Brown Suiss (TPS) threecrosses. The TPS cross showed higher slaugther weigth (<0.01) followed by the BG and TBH groups. The groups TPS and BG had higher average daily gain. The N group had lower average daily gain and worst feed conversion rate (<0.01). However, it had, with the TPS and TBH groups, higher hot carcass weigths. The carcass yield did not differ among the treatments.
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Sirvas, Cornejo Susana. "Effect of microencapsulated diets supplemented with a genetically modified bacteria on the growth and survival of Penaeus indicus postlarvae." Thesis, Bangor University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298637.
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Austin, Bradley Ryan. "Strategies for enhanced growth and reproductive performance of yearling Bos taurus and Bos indicus x Bos taurus beef heifers." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024929.
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Smith, Jason Kihlgren. "An assessment of blue mahoe (Hibiscus elatus) growth using topographic, soil, and litter properties in St. Vincent, West Indies." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ64979.pdf.
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Sang, Huynh Minh. "Growth, survival, haemolymph osmolality and organosomatic indicies of the Western King prawn (Penaeus latisulcatus Kishinouye, 1896) reared at different salinities /." Full text available, 2003. http://adt.curtin.edu.au/theses/available/adt-WCU20040901.132430.
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Huynh, Minh Sang. "Growth, survival, haemolymph osmolality and organosomatic indicies of the Western King prawn (Penaeus latisulcatus Kishinouye, 1896) reared at different salinities." Thesis, Curtin University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/492.
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The western king prawn (Penueus Zarisulcutus) is one of the most economically valuable species of crustacean in Australia. The experiment was carried out for 60 days to determine the growth, survival, haemolymph osmolality and organosomatic indices of the western lung prawn (2.95 f 0.26 g mean initial weight) reared at 10, 22, 34 and 46 g L of salinities. In addition, haemolymph osmolality and osmoregulatory capacity (OC) of the western king prawn (5.37 f 0.1 g mean initial weight) reared at salinities (10, 22, 34 and 46 g/L) were determined following 7, 14 and 21 minutes of air exposure and compared with the brown tiger prawn (P, esculentus). Mean final weight, total length, carapace length and specific growth rate (SGR) of the western king prawn were highest at a salinity of 34 g/L. Moult increments (in weight and total length) of the western king prawn were not significantly different (P > 0.05) when reared at four different salinities. Food conversion ratios were lowest in prawns reared at salinities of 22 and 34 g/L. Survival of the western king prawn was highest at a salinity of 22 g/L and lowest at a salinity of 10 g/L. Haemolymph osmolality of the western king prawn increased with an increase in salinity and weight. Isosmotic points of the western king prawn calculated from regression lines between haemolymph and medium osmolality were 28.87, 29.46 and 31.73 g / L at 0, 20 and 60 days of rearing (accordingly to 2.95 f 0.26; 4.02 f 0.47; 5.79 f 0.64 g body weight), respectively. Tail moisture content of the western king prawn decreased with the increase of salinity. After 60 days of rearing, the lowest hepatopancreas moisture content of the prawns was at a salinity of 22 gL. Wet weight and dry weight hepatosomatic indices of the prawns were highest when reared at a salinity of 22 gL.Wet weight and dry weight tail muscle indices of the prawns were highest at a salinity of 34 gL. Isosmotic points of the western king prawn were 33.79; 33.29; 32.75 and 33.10 g/L at 0, 7, 14, and 21 minutes of air exposure, respectively. Isosmotic points of the brown tiger prawn were 30.89; 31.89; 32.09 and 31.07 g/L at 0, 7, 14, and 21 minutes of air exposure, respectively. Air exposure reduced OC of both the western king prawn and brown tiger prawn. OC of both species at a salinity of 10 giL was reduced significantly after 14 minutes of air exposure. Twenty-one minutes of air exposure did not change OC of the western king prawn reared at salinities of 22, 34 and 46 g/L. OC of brown tiger prawn reared at 22 g/L decreased after 21 minutes of air exposure while OC of the brown tiger prawn reared at 46 g/L decreased after 7 minutes of air exposure. The results indicate that both species spent less energy on osmoregulation at 34 gL salinity than at other salinities. The results suggest that the optimum salinity for rearing of western king prawns ranges from 22 g/L to 34 g/L. Salinities of 10 and 46 gL are unsuitable for rearing brown tiger prawns and salinity 10 g/L is unsuitable for rearing western king prawns. Furthermore, a salinity range from 30 g/L to 32 gL is suitable for the culture of brown tiger prawns.
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Huynh, Minh Sang. "Growth, survival, haemolymph osmolality and organosomatic indicies of the Western King prawn (Penaeus latisulcatus Kishinouye, 1896) reared at different salinities." Curtin University of Technology, Muresk Institute, 2003. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=15158.
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The western king prawn (Penueus Zarisulcutus) is one of the most economically valuable species of crustacean in Australia. The experiment was carried out for 60 days to determine the growth, survival, haemolymph osmolality and organosomatic indices of the western lung prawn (2.95 f 0.26 g mean initial weight) reared at 10, 22, 34 and 46 g L of salinities. In addition, haemolymph osmolality and osmoregulatory capacity (OC) of the western king prawn (5.37 f 0.1 g mean initial weight) reared at salinities (10, 22, 34 and 46 g/L) were determined following 7, 14 and 21 minutes of air exposure and compared with the brown tiger prawn (P, esculentus). Mean final weight, total length, carapace length and specific growth rate (SGR) of the western king prawn were highest at a salinity of 34 g/L. Moult increments (in weight and total length) of the western king prawn were not significantly different (P > 0.05) when reared at four different salinities. Food conversion ratios were lowest in prawns reared at salinities of 22 and 34 g/L. Survival of the western king prawn was highest at a salinity of 22 g/L and lowest at a salinity of 10 g/L. Haemolymph osmolality of the western king prawn increased with an increase in salinity and weight. Isosmotic points of the western king prawn calculated from regression lines between haemolymph and medium osmolality were 28.87, 29.46 and 31.73 g / L at 0, 20 and 60 days of rearing (accordingly to 2.95 f 0.26; 4.02 f 0.47; 5.79 f 0.64 g body weight), respectively. Tail moisture content of the western king prawn decreased with the increase of salinity. After 60 days of rearing, the lowest hepatopancreas moisture content of the prawns was at a salinity of 22 gL. Wet weight and dry weight hepatosomatic indices of the prawns were highest when reared at a salinity of 22 gL.Wet weight and dry weight tail muscle indices of the prawns were highest at a salinity of 34 gL. Isosmotic points of the western king prawn were 33.79; 33.29; 32.75 and 33.10 g/L at 0, 7, 14, and 21 minutes of air exposure, respectively. Isosmotic points of the brown tiger prawn were 30.89; 31.89; 32.09 and 31.07 g/L at 0, 7, 14, and 21 minutes of air exposure, respectively. Air exposure reduced OC of both the western king prawn and brown tiger prawn. OC of both species at a salinity of 10 giL was reduced significantly after 14 minutes of air exposure. Twenty-one minutes of air exposure did not change OC of the western king prawn reared at salinities of 22, 34 and 46 g/L. OC of brown tiger prawn reared at 22 g/L decreased after 21 minutes of air exposure while OC of the brown tiger prawn reared at 46 g/L decreased after 7 minutes of air exposure. The results indicate that both species spent less energy on osmoregulation at 34 gL salinity than at other salinities. The results suggest that the optimum salinity for rearing of western king prawns ranges from 22 g/L to 34 g/L. Salinities of 10 and 46 gL are unsuitable for rearing brown tiger prawns and salinity 10 g/L is unsuitable for rearing western king prawns. Furthermore, a salinity range from 30 g/L to 32 gL is suitable for the culture of brown tiger prawns.
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Ganga, U. "Influence of different levels of ambient oxygen on metabolite changes and growth in laboratory reared Penaeus indicus (H. Milne Edwards)." Thesis, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, 1992. http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/11059/1/Ganga%20U..pdf.
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Worldwide, the penaeid shrimp has assumed an increasingly important place among cultured animals and is the mainstay of marine export products of India. While it is important to maximize production by semi intensive and intensive methods it is also necessary to understand the impact of various environmental parameters on physiology, growth and survival of these aquatic organisms.
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ANDRADE, I. B. "Efeito da água magnetizada sobre os parâmetros reprodutivos, zootécnicos e temperatura corporal em (Bos taurus indicus)." Universidade do Oeste Paulista, 2017. http://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/998.
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The objective of this study was to study the influence of magnetized water intake on body weight gain, body morphometry and reproductive system, semen characteristics and body and scrotal area temperatures with digital infrared thermography in young Nellore bulls in extensive management and In confinement. Twenty bulls with initial age of 14 months were used, divided into two groups: Treated - water ingestion treated by magnetic field; And Control - drinking water intake. Four collections were made, 2 in extensive management (14 and 18 months of age) and 2 in confinement (20 and 21 months of age), in which they were measured: climatic factors, rectal temperature, body weight, wither height, Length, width and height of the testicles, semen collection and infrared digital thermography of the eyeball, mufla, flank, ischium and scrotum. It was concluded that the intake of water treated by magnetic field was not efficient in relation to weight gain in pasture and in confinement, as well as for body morphometry and reproductive system. In confinement, there was also no influence of water treated by magnetic field on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the semen. Digital infrared thermography proved to be effective for measuring body and scrotal areas, where the grazing group treated with magnetic field water showed higher temperatures for the ocular globe, mufla, flank and ischium. For the scrotal pouch, the pasture, the temperature of the spermatic cord and testis were higher in the treated group; And in confinement, the temperature of the testes and tail of the epididymis were higher in the group with drinking water intake.
Objetivou-se estudar a influência da ingestão da água magnetizada no ganho de peso corpóreo, morfometria corpórea e do aparelho reprodutor, características do sêmen e temperaturas de áreas do corpo e escroto com termografia digital de infravermelho em touros jovens da raça Nelore em manejo extensivo e em confinamento. Foram utilizados 20 touros com idade inicial de 14 meses, divididos em dois grupos: Tratado - ingestão de água tratada por campo magnético; e Controle - ingestão de água potável. Foram realizadas 4 coletas sendo 2 em manejo extensivo (14 e 18 meses de idade) e 2 em confinamento (20 e 21 meses de idade), nas quais foram aferidos: fatores climáticos, temperatura retal, peso corpóreo, altura de cernelha, mensuração do comprimento, largura e altura dos testículos, colheita de sêmen e termografia digital por infravermelho do globo ocular, mufla, flanco, ísquio e escroto. Conclui-se que a ingestão da água tratada por campo magnético não se apresentou eficiente em relação ao ganho de peso a pasto e em confinamento, assim como para morfometria corpórea e do aparelho reprodutor. Em confinamento, também não houve influência da água tratada por campo magnético sobre as características quantitativas e qualitativas do sêmen. A termografia digital por infravermelho se mostrou eficaz para mensuração das áreas do corpo e da bolsa escrotal, onde a pasto o grupo com ingestão de água tratada por campo magnético apresentou temperaturas superiores para globo ocular, mufla, flanco e ísquios. Para bolsa escrotal, a pasto, a temperatura do cordão espermático e testículo foram superiores no grupo tratado; e em confinamento, a temperatura do testículo e cauda dos epidídimos foram superiores no grupo com ingestão de água potável.
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Kore, Shettar Shivanagappa F. Carleton University Dissertation Geography. "Disparities in economic development; learning from the "growth centre" experiences of India's five year plans (1951-1985)." Ottawa, 1988.
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Arnone, Bianca. "Caracterização morfológica da divergência folicular em vacas da raça Tabapuã (Bos taurus indicus) tratadas com somatrotofina bovina." Universidade do Oeste Paulista, 2008. http://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/221.
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Previous issue date: 2008-11-14The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of bovine somatotropin in follicular deviation of sixteen Tabapuã cows. The animals received an ear implant of progesterone and 1 mg of estradiol benzoate, IM (day 0). On day 5, the females were divided into 2 groups: GI (control, n=8) and GII (treated with 500 mg bST, n=8). On day 10, the implants were removed and injected 500 µg of PGF2α in all cows. Only cows with follicles bigger 9 mm received 300 µg of GnRH. Ultrasound examinations were performed each 12 hours. There was no statistical difference between the follicular deviation in GI (2.4 days) and GII (2,1 days). At the divergence moment, FD and FS of GI were 6.28±0.42 and 6.26±0.41 mm, respectively, and FD and FS of GII were 6.08±0.72 and 6.12±0.39 mm. The mean maximum diameter of FD after ovulation was at 110.0±8.43 hours in GI and 115.2±8.98 hours in GII. FS reached the maximum diameter at 55.0±20.0 hours in GI and 76.8±10.46 hours in GII. The mean maximum diameter reached by FD and FS in GI was 8.85±0.41 and 6.5±0.42 mm, respectively, and GII 9.83±0.63 and 6.87±0.35 mm. There was no significant difference (p> 0.05) in diameter of FD and FS, neither in growth rates (mm/12 hours) of the FD before and after the deviation, neither in the moment of follicle deviation
O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da somatotrofina bovina na divergência folicular em vacas da raça Tabapuã. Foram utilizadas 16 vacas da raça Tabapuã, inicialmente receberam implante de progestágeno auricular concomitante à aplicação IM de 1mg de benzoato de estradiol (dia 0). No dia 5, dividiram-se as fêmeas em 2 grupos: G-I (controle, n=8) e as vacas do G-II foram tratadas com 500 mg bST (n=8). No dia 10 foi feita a retirada do crestar concomitante a aplicação de 500 g de PGF2 e apenas nas vacas com folículos> 9 mm aplicação de 300 g de GnRH. Foram realizados exames ultrassonográficos a cada 12 horas por 5 dias. Não houve diferença estatística entre os momentos de divergência folicular, no G-I foi de 2,4 dias e no G-II 2,1 dias. Nesse momento o FD e FS mediram 6,28 0,42 e 6,26 0,41 mm no G-I e 6,08 0,72 e 6,12 0,39 mm no G-II. O FD atingiu diâmetro máximo após a ovulação em média 110,00 ± 8,43 horas no GI e 115,20 ± 8,98 horas no GII. Já o FS atingiu o diâmetro máximo às 55,00 ± 20,00 e 76,80 ± 10,46 horas, respectivamente. A média do diâmetro máximo atingido pelo FD e FS no GI foi respectivamente 8,85 ± 0,41 e 6,50 ± 0,42 mm e no GII foi 9,83 ± 0,63 e 6,87 ± 0,35 mm. Não houve diferença significativa (p>0,05) no diâmetro do FD e FS e nem nas taxas de crescimento (mm/12h) do FD antes e após a divergência folicular. Concluímos que a aplicação de bST não afetou o diâmetro folicular, a taxa de crescimento do FD e FS antes e após a divergência, nem tampouco, o momento da divergência folicular
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LENA, DANIELA. "Essays on Sustainable Economic growth and Efficiency." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/11566/306201.
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L'emergenza climatica e l'esaurimento ambientale sono diventati problemi importanti per i paesi delle Nazioni Unite e i governi singolarmente stanno imponendo politiche di regolamentazione ambientale rigorose per muoversi verso una crescita sostenibile. In questo scenario, perseguire una crescita verde richiede alle imprese l'adozione di nuove strategie in termini di risparmio energetico, utilizzo di fonti rinnovabili e adozione di processi produttivi sostenibili. Questi cambiamenti hanno delle conseguenze economiche significative per le imprese e le industrie coinvolte. Tuttavia, pochi studi si sono occupati del ruolo della regolamentazione ambientale a livello settoriale. Attraverso la nostra ricerca, contribuiamo a questo filone di studio, indagando le conseguenze della regolamentazione ambientale sulla produttività a livello industrial in Italia e in Europa. Questa tesi si focalizza nello studio dell'effetto di questi strumenti sulla produttività misurando la crescita della produttività rettificata in tredici industrie manifatturiere Italiane e successivamente, il campione è stato ampliato includendo altri quattro paesi dell'UE. La crescita della produttività viene misurata utilizzando l'indice Malmquist-Luenberger, il quale si basa sulla funzione Directional Distance Function (DDF). Il principale risultato dell'indagine nel contesto italiano, è che la regolamentazione ambientale non ha un impatto negativo in quasi tutti i settori. Per valutare la solidità dei risultati stimati abbiamo utilizzato la tecnica di bootstrapping, la quale conferma la solidità della nostra ricerca. Invece, nel contesto europeo, troviamo che le normative ambientali hanno un effetto negativo sulla crescita della produttività in diverse industrie del settore manifatturiero per quasi tutti i paesi Europei inclusi nell'analisi.The climate emergency and environmental depletion have become important issues for United Nations countries, and Governments are imposing stringent environmental regulation policies to move towards sustainable growth. In this scenario, pursuing green growth requires firms to adopt new strategies in terms of energy saving, the use of renewable power sources, and the adoption of sustainable production processes. These changes have significant economic consequences for firms and industries, as recent and large literature has pointed out. However, few studies have dealt with the role of environmental regulation at the sectoral level. This dissertation contributes to this topic by investigating how environmental regulation affects productivity at the sectoral level in a sample of selected European economies. It studies the effect of these instruments on productivity by measuring the adjusted productivity growth in thirteen Italian manufacturing industries and enlarged the sample by including other four EU countries. Productivity growth is measured using the Malmquist-Luenberger index, which is based on the Directional Distance Function (DDF). The main result of the Italian context investigation is that environmental regulation does not have a negative impact on almost all industries. A bootstrapping approach has been then used to assess the robustness of estimated results. Instead, in the European context, we find environmental regulations have a negative effect on productivity growth in several industries in the manufacturing sector for almost all the countries included in the analysis.
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Guedes, Camila de Freitas. "Desempenho produtivo e características de carcaça das progênies de touros representativos da raça Nelore e de diferentes grupos genéticos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-19042006-125755/.
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Este trabalho teve como objetivo comparar diferenças entre as progênies de touros representativos raça Nelore e de três grupos genéticos, Nelore, Angus x Nelore e Brahman x Nelore, quanto ao desempenho pós desmame e quanto às características de carcaça medidas in vivo por ultra-som. Foram selecionados 14 touros representativos da raça Nelore, dois da raça Aberdeen Angus e um touro Brahman. Estes touros foram acasalados com 400 vacas Nelore, que deram origem a uma progênie de 158 machos e 148 fêmeas. Os animais foram criados e recriados a pasto até os 19 meses de idade e, então, terminados em confinamento recebendo dieta com 14,2% de PB e 71,2% de NDT, numa relação volumoso:concentrado de 23:77. Durante a fase de recria foram realizadas três pesagens e uma medida de carcaça por ultra-sonografia, aos 483 dias de idade em média. A fase de terminação em confinamento compreendeu cinco pesagens, realizadas aproximadamente a cada 28 dias, e três medidas de carcaça por ultra-sonografia, sendo que os animais apresentavam as seguintes idades médias em cada avaliação: 570, 598 e 677 dias, respectivamente. As medidas tomadas foram: área de olho de lombo (AOL, no músculo Longissimus dorsi) e espessura de gordura subcutânea entre a 12ª e 13ª costela (EG) e na garupa (P8, sobre o músculo Biceps femoris). Os animais permaneceram confinados até atingirem aproximadamente 5 mm de espessura de gordura subcutânea medida entre as 12ª e 13ª costelas no músculo Longissimus dorsi, no caso, por 127 dias, entre os meses de julho e novembro de 2004. Os animais foram abatidos com 24 a 26 meses de idade. Após o abate, foram coletados medidas de peso da carcaça quente (PCQ) e rendimento de carcaça. O grupo genético com melhor desempenho pós-desmama foi o grupo Angus x Nelore, seguido de Brahman x Nelore e por fim os animais Nelore puros, sendo que os machos foram superiores às fêmeas. Entretanto, durante o período de terminação em confinamento, as fêmeas apresentaram ganho de peso semelhante aos machos castrados, porém tiveram taxas de ganho de músculo e gordura superiores, em conseqüência da sua maior taxa de maturação. Foram verificados maiores ganhos em AOL nos Angus x Nelore, mostrando a aptidão para produção de carne da raça taurina. As diferenças em ganhos de gordura foram pequenas, provavelmente devido à qualidade da dieta que não permitiu que todo o potencial genético para terminação fosse expressado. Quando o estudo se baseou somente na raça Nelore, foram verificadas diferenças nas características de crescimento pós-desmama e durante a terminação em confinamento, entre as progênies dos touros da raça Nelore, indicativas da existência da variabilidade genética, o que permitiria esperar uma resposta à seleção de animais para as mesmas. Entretanto não houve efeito de touro para velocidade de acabamento e crescimento muscular entre as progênies estudadas.This work aimed to evaluate differences among sires selected to represent the Nellore breed and among three breed groups (Nellore, Angus x Nellore, Brahman x Nellore) as to their progenies post-weaning performance and carcass traits, measured by real time ultrasound. A total of 14, two and one sires of the Nellore, Angus and Brahman breeds, respectively, were mated to 400 Nellore cows, producing a progeny of 158 steers and 148 heifers. The animals were raised on pasture until 19 months of age, then finished in feedlot on a diet containing 14.2% crude protein and 71.2% TDN, with a roughage:concentrate ratio of 23:77. During the growing phase on pasture, the animals were weighed three times and scanned at 483 days of age for Longissimus muscle area (LMA), back fat thickness over the 12th - 13th ribs (backfat) and rump fat (P8 fat). During the finishing phase in feedlot, between July and November 2004, cattle were weighed every 28 days and scanned for LMA, backfat and P8 fat at 570, 598 and 677 days of age. The backfat thickness end-point (5 mm) was reached after 127 days on feed, Animals were slaughtered at 24 to 26 months of age. At slaughter, hot carcass weight and dressing percentage were measured. There were effects of breed group on performance during the growing phase. Angus-sired calves had better performance than Brahman-sire and Nellore-sired calves and Brahman x Nellore calves were superior to straight bred Nellore. Males had better performance than females. However, during the finishing phase, there was no sex effect on weight gain and females had greater muscle and fat gain rate than males, perhaps due to their greater maturity rate. Angus x Nellore animals had greater LMA, showing the meat producing ability of Bos taurus breeds. Breed differences as to backfat gains were slight. This was likely due to diet quality which didnt allow the animals genetic potential to be fully expressed. Within the Nellore breed, post-weaning growth traits were different among the sires, indicating existence of genetic variability. Nevertheless, there were no effects of sire on backfat gain and muscle growth among the progenies studied.
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Hopkins, David R. "The team approach to indigenous church planting among native Americans." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 1993. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p036-0177.
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Dissanayake, I. A. J. K. "The impact of water deficit on the growth and yield performance of sesame (Sesamum indicum l.): Analysis through mathematical modelling." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/112360/1/Jinendra%20Kumari%20Dissanayake_Imaduwa%20Arachchige_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis investigated the effect of drought stress on agronomical, and physiological characteristics of sesame plants during growth and development, and analysed such responses using Fuzzy set theory (FST) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), two mathematical modeling tools. Subjected to cultivar and developmental stages exposed to drought, tested sesame cultivar/s expressed versatile morphological adaptations and adjusted leaf osmotic potential as a drought tolerant mechanism to survive drought conditions. The thesis proposed FST models with various membership functions to describe germination, growth and yield responses of sesame cultivars, and ANN models to forecast sesame yield under given climatic conditions.
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Fonseca, Patrícia Dias da Silva [UNESP]. "Análise de genes associados à deposição de gordura em bovinos da raça Nelore." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92579.
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Na pecuária de corte, características de crescimento e de carcaça são de grande importância para programas de melhoramento genético. Para acelerar o processo de seleção, os marcadores moleculares auxiliam o estudo dessas características que são influenciadas por efeitos poligênicos. Os genes ACRP30, PPARGC1 e OLR1, foram associados à características ligadas a produção em Bos taurus taurus. Esses genes estão ligados aos processos de sínteses de lipídios, síntese metabólica e acúmulo de gordura no tecido adiposo. Em nosso estudo, foram genotipados 639 animais, através da técnica de PCR-RFLP, para os genes ACRP30/BsrI, PPARGC1/NheI e OLR/PstI, onde foram detectados polimorfismos correspondentes aos sítios de restrição. Para as linhas de seleção Controle (NeC), Seleção(NeS) e Tradição(NeT) em bovinos Nelore, do Instituto de Zootecnia de Sertãozinho-IZ, foram feitas associações com características de peso ao nascer, peso no desmame, peso ao sobreano das fêmeas, altura ao sobreano da garupa das fêmeas, peso ao sobreano dos machos, altura ao sobreano da garupa dos machos, área de olho de lombo, espessura de gordura da garupa, espessura de gordura subcutânea e polimorfismos nos genes estudados, utilizado o PROC MIXED, do programa SAS/STAT 9.1.3. para análises de associações e Teste de Fisher para diferenciação entre populações do programa Genepop. A correção dos testes de hipóteses para comparações múltiplas foi feita pelo método de Bonferroni Os genótipos apresentados foram associados com as características de crescimento e carcaça, não apresentando efeitos significativos na população estudada
In beef cattle production, growth and carcass traits are of great importance for animal breeding programs. To speed up the selection process, molecular markers help to study traits that are influenced by polygenic effects. The ACRP30, PPARGC1 and OLR1 genes were validated in some studies for traits related to production in Bos taurus. This genes are linked to processes of lipids and metabolic synthesis and accumulation of fat in the adipose tissue. In this study, 639 animals were genotyped by PCR-RFLP, for genes ACRP30/BsrI, PPARGC1/NheI and OLR/PstI, where polymorphisms were detected, corresponding to the restriction sites. For selection lines Control (NeC), Selection (NeS) and Tradition (NeT) in Nellore cattle, from the Institute of Zootecnia from Sertãozinho – IZ, associations were made with polymorphisms in the studied genes and the trais birth weight, weaning weight, yearling weight, yearling rump height, ribeye area, rump fat thickness and subcutaneous fat thickness, using the PROC MIXED from SAS/STAT 9.1.3. program for association analysis, and Fisher Test for population differentiation from Genepop program. The correctness of the hypothesis tests for multiple comparisons was made using the Bonferroni. The genotypes found were associated with the with growth and carcass traits but showed no significant effects on the studied population