Academic literature on the topic 'Growth areas'

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Journal articles on the topic "Growth areas"

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Swales, J. D. "Growth areas in hypertension." British Medical Bulletin 50, no. 2 (1994): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072889.

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Bulychеva, Olga, and Oleg Syunturenko. "National information infrastructure: Growth areas." Scientific and Technical Libraries, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33186/1027-3689-2016-1-26-33.

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Current macrotrends in sci-tech information development are described. New elements of the national information infrastructure are reviewed. Structure, goals, and prospects for research social networking for improving information interaction of key communities in the segment of technology research, development, transfer are analyzed. Several problems and tasks of reliable and safe Russian Internet segment are introduced.
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Mills, Edwin S., and Luan’ Sende Lubuele. "Projecting Growth of Metropolitan Areas." Journal of Urban Economics 37, no. 3 (May 1995): 344–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/juec.1995.1018.

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McCarroll, Joseph. "Some Growth Areas in Voegelin’s Analysis." Philosophical Studies 31 (1986): 280–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philstudies1986/19873121.

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Portnov, Boris A., and David Pearlmutter. "Sustainable urban growth in peripheral areas." Progress in Planning 52, no. 4 (November 1999): 239–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0305-9006(99)00016-1.

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Joppa, Lucas N., Scott R. Loarie, and Stuart L. Pimm. "On Population Growth Near Protected Areas." PLoS ONE 4, no. 1 (January 26, 2009): e4279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0004279.

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Costello, V. F., and David Drakakis-Smith. "Economic Growth and Urbanization in Developing Areas." Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 17, no. 3 (1992): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/622897.

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Mitchell, Ronald B. "Climate Law: Accomplishments and Areas for Growth." Climate Law 8, no. 3-4 (October 31, 2018): 135–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18786561-00803001.

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Climate law has become a vibrant legal field, offering scholars and practitioners increasingly deep analyses of what climate law is, how it is changing, what is driving those changes, and what those changes mean at the international, national, and local level. The field has elaborated and debated numerous climate-specific issues, including geoengineering, adaptation, and loss and damage. Scholars also have analysed the application of broad legal principles to the climate realm and have examined the intersection of climate law with other disciplines, especially economics and political science. I review these important accomplishments and then argue that the field could build on them in two ways. First, many opportunities exist to incorporate insights from economics, political science, and other disciplines, increasing the range of perspectives reflected in our understanding of how climate law works and how it might be improved. Second, opportunities exist for climate law to learn more from experience with other realms of environmental and non-environmental law as well as with other forms of governance. Pursuing both types of opportunities can foster the field’s continuing development.
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Thambipillai, Pushpa. "The ASEAN growth areas: Sustaining the dynamism." Pacific Review 11, no. 2 (January 1998): 249–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09512749808719256.

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Abakumov, G. A., A. V. Piskunov, V. K. Cherkasov, I. L. Fedushkin, V. P. Ananikov, D. B. Eremin, E. G. Gordeev, et al. "Organoelement chemistry: promising growth areas and challenges." Russian Chemical Reviews 87, no. 5 (May 30, 2018): 393–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/rcr4795.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Growth areas"

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Stockdale, Aileen. "Residential mobility in rural areas of population growth." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293845.

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Willis, Terri Wynell. "Targeting areas for church extension." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1987. http://www.tren.com.

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Guinta, Matthew. "Invigoration : growth through activity /." PDF viewer required Home page for entire collection, 2008. http://archives.udmercy.edu:8080/dspace/handle/10429/9.

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Inbody, David G. "Exploring micropolitan areas as a source of population growth in Iowa." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.

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Islam, Muhammed. "The Impact of Growth Management Policies on Urban Form: Evidence from U.S. Metropolitan Areas with Growth Management Policies." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2008. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/874.

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The contemporary urban development pattern in the United States is characterized by land consumptive nature of development, such as a sprawled development pattern. Out of concern that the social and environmental costs of this development pattern outweigh their benefits, cities, counties and states have created a wide range of policy instruments designed to manage urban growth and to protect open spaces from development. The present research deals with such strategies in three study areas namely Portland Metropolitan Area, OR; Montgomery County, MD; and Orange County, FL in order to find out if growth management strategies have been able to reduce sprawl and promote a compact form of development. Based mainly on secondary sources of information, the research evaluates the characteristics, effectiveness, strengths and weaknesses of selected growth management strategies employed in each of these areas and analyses their implications for promoting a compact form of development.
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Bashir, Yusuf. "Next generation business intelligence software, areas for growth & opportunities for innovation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65795.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2011.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 54-55).
In today's world, as the volume of business and consumer data continues to grow at an unprecedented pace, there is increasing desire to utilize that data in new and innovative and ways to provide insight and improve decision making. For businesses, data is being generated from transactions, machine logs, digital media and feeds from sensors and wireless devices at a volume and velocity not seen before. When combined with data from external sources such as partners, or from the Internet from blogs, social networking sites, YouTube, Facebook and Twitter, it has the capability to provide organizations with new insight, a more holistic picture of customer and stakeholder behavior and new ways of gaining competitive advantage. Consumers are being presented with applications of increasing analytical sophistication, leading to growing comfort in making fact-based decisions. New devices will help monitor energy usage within the home and provide insight on the optimal times to schedule devices and run household appliances. As data volumes continue to grow, systems will need to automate the uncovering of patterns and trends in data if they are to scale. Business Intelligence (BI) software, which has traditionally been used to gain insight from data, will need to evolve and new capabilities developed to support these significant changes. Areas of growth and opportunities for new innovation within the BI software industry will be explored that will enable stakeholders to take full advantage of this new and exciting opportunity.
by Yusuf Bashir.
S.M.
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Jayne, JoAnn Bitsilly 1952. "PINYON TREE GROWTH AND SOIL NUTRIENTS RELATIONSHIPS ON AREAS OF DIFFERENT SITE QUALITIES." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276815.

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Owono, Joachim Tabi. "Optimising use of early season rainfall for dryland agriculture in northern Cameroon." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315627.

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Bambrick, Beth Marie. "Large Woody Debris Mobility Areas in a Coastal Old-Growth Forest Stream, Oregon." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/658.

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This study uses a spatial model to visualize LWD mobility areas in an approximate 1km reach of Cummins Creek, a fourth-order stream flowing through an old-growth Sitka spruce-western hemlock forest in the Oregon Coast Range. The model solves a LWD incipient motion equation for nine wood size combinations (0.1m, 0.4m, 1.7m diameters by 1.0m, 6.87m, 47.2m lengths) during the 2-year, 10-year, and 100-year discharge events. Model input variables were derived from a combination of field survey, remotely sensed, and modeled data collected or derived between June 2010 and July 2011. LWD mobility map results indicate the 2-year discharge mobilizes all modeled diameters, but mobile piece lengths are shorter than the bankfull channel boundary. Mobility areas for each wood size combination increases with discharge; 10-year and 100-year discharge events mobilize wood longer than average bankfull width within a confined section of the main stem channel, and mobilize LWD shorter than bankfull width within the main stem channel, side channels, and floodplain. No discharge event mobilizes the largest LWD size combination (1.7m / 47.2). Recruitment process was recorded for all LWD during June 2010, revealing that all mobile wood in the study reach was shorter than bankfull width. Based on these conflicting results, I hypothesize the distribution of wood in Cummins Creek can be described in terms of discharge frequency and magnitude, instead of as a binary mobile/stable classification. Mobility maps could be a useful tool for land managers using LWD as part of a stream restoration or conservation plan, but will require additional calibration.
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Yeasmin, Dilruba. "A Framework for Evaluating and Assessing the Effects of Urban Growth on Protected Areas." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145739.

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Protecting and managing National Parks and Monuments effectively is very important for their future sustainability. Urban encroachment on areas adjacent to protected areas is often considered a potential threat to the natural resources inside the protected areas. To minimize these threats, evaluating and assessing the effects of urban encroachment on protected areas and developing effective management strategies is critical. To implement any management strategy, interactions, support and perceptions of changing conditions from neighboring communities is imperative. The goal of this study was to develop a framework to assess perception of land use change along the borders surrounding Saguaro National Park East. The objectives of this study were to determine 1) the change in landscape that has occurred as a result of urban encroachment in and adjacent areas to Saguaro National Park (SNP) over a 15 year period 2) the degree to which neighbors surrounding SNP perceive that these changes have occurred due to urban encroachment 3) the perception of neighbors surrounding SNP that increased urbanization has led to more impacts on local wildlife 4) the possible planning and management strategies that neighbors agree would lead to reduce impacts of urban encroachment on protected areas and how strongly do they support the implementation of these proposed planning and management strategies. Results of this study indicated that landuse / landcover changes have occurred over the landscape at a rapid rate and in large areas within one mile of lands adjacent to the boundary of SNP East. Urban area increased 2.45%, agricultural lands decreased 76.15% and forested lands decreased 6.19% from its previous class in one mile adjacent land to the park from 1992 - 2001. Building units (residential) increased dramatically by 71.53% in this one mile buffer in the period between 1992 and 2007. In addition, respondents that live in adjacent lands perceive these changes over the landscape due to urban encroachment at a moderate degree strongly agree that increased urbanization has led to more negative impacts on local wildlife. Further, respondents strongly support more communication between authorities, developers and neighbors and environmental education programs with regards to urban encroachment on SNP.
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Books on the topic "Growth areas"

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Beatley, Timothy. Managing growth: Small communities and rural areas. Chapel Hill, N.C: Center for Urban and Regional Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1988.

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W, Drakakis-Smith D., IGU Commission on Third World Development., and IGU Working Group on Urbanization in Developing Countries., eds. Economic growth and urbanization in developing areas. London: Routledge, 1990.

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Hanratty, Jerome. Areas for growth: Exercises in developmental drama. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

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Planning, Maryland Office of. Managing Maryland's growth: Models and guidelines : sizing and shaping growth areas. [Baltimore, MD]: Maryland Office of Planning, 1998.

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Stockdale, Aileen. Residential mobility in rural areas of population growth. [s.l: The Author], 1991.

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Hamilton, David K. Governing metropolitan areas: Response to growth and change. New York: Garland Pub., 1999.

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Baker, Cindy. Native growth protection easements: Survival and effectiveness. [Seattle? Wash: King County, in cooperation with King County Conservation District, 1990.

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Die Welt wird Stadt: Stadtbilder aus Asien, Afrika und Lateinamerika. Berlin: Jovis, 2005.

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Victoria. Office of the Auditor-General. Developing transport infrastructure and services for population growth areas. Melbourne, Vic: Victorian Government Printer, 2013.

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Heimlich, Ralph E. Metropolitan growth and agriculture: Farming in the city's shadow. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Growth areas"

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Spohr, Reimar. "Growth areas." In Ion Tracks and Microtechnology, 246–61. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-83103-3_11.

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Harvey, Jack. "The Growth of Urban Areas." In Urban Land Economics, 229–49. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24441-6_15.

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Harvey, Jack, and Ernie Jowsey. "The Growth of Urban Areas." In Urban Land Econimics, 267–89. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-10336-9_16.

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Kurek, Sławomir, Mirosław Wójtowicz, and Jadwiga Gałka. "Population Growth in Functional Urban Areas." In Functional Urban Areas in Poland, 33–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31527-6_3.

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Jeong, Dong H., Jung H. Kim, and Jong M. Lee. "Metabolism-Combined Growth Model Construction and Its Application to Optimal Bioreactor Operation." In Emerging Areas in Bioengineering, 761–69. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527803293.ch43.

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Link, Timothy E., Gerald N. Flerchinger, Mike Unsworth, and Danny Marks. "Water Relations of an Old-Growth Douglas Fir Stand." In Climate and Hydrology in Mountain Areas, 147–59. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470858249.ch11.

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Carlson, R. D., and A. J. Crovetti. "Commercial Uses of Gibberellins and Cytokinins and New Areas of Applied Research." In Plant Growth Substances 1988, 604–10. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74545-4_69.

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Romão, João. "Nature, Tourism, Growth, Resilience and Sustainable Development." In Mediterranean Protected Areas in the Era of Overtourism, 297–310. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69193-6_15.

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Ben-Bolie, G. H., P. Ele Abiama, and P. Owono Ateba. "Impact of Plant Growth in Waste-Contaminated Areas." In Radionuclide Contamination and Remediation Through Plants, 139–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07665-2_7.

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Wodon, Divya, Naina Wodon, and Quentin Wodon. "How Can Districts Identify Geographic Areas for Growth?" In Membership in Service Clubs, 32–45. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137444752_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Growth areas"

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CASTELLÓ, PABLO TOMÁS, JESÚS LÓPEZ BAEZA, and CARLOS PASTOR GARCIA. "USE OF APPLICATIONS WITH GEOREFERENCED CONTACTS ‘DATING APPS’ TO IDENTIFY CREATIVE AREAS." In URBAN GROWTH 2018. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/ug180191.

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VILLAR, ALBERTO DEL. "THE REUSE OF RECLAIMED WATER IN URBAN AREAS: A COST–BENEFIT ANALYSIS." In URBAN GROWTH 2018. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/ug180301.

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Doitchinova, Julia. "AGRICULTURE IN RURAL AREAS - CHANGES, IMPACTS AND DEVELOPMENT." In AGRIBUSINESS AND RURAL AREAS - ECONOMY, INNOVATION AND GROWTH 2021. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/ara2021.12.

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For two programming periods, Bulgarian agriculture has been developing in the conditions of our common and national agricultural policies. Adaptation processes have led to significant economic, social and environmental changes in farms and rural areas. The aim of the article is to assess the changes in the agricultural sector and their impacts on rural development. The analysis of changes in production and organizational structures and the impacts of rural development are assessed on the basis of statistical information and expert assessment of 163 specialists from regional directorates of Agriculture, municipal services and regional services of the National Agricultural Advisory System. The conclusions confirmed the upward development of Bulgarian agriculture, but with significant structural disparities and different in direction and strength impacts by regions of the country.
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Tsvyatkova, Daniela. "HEREDITARY FARMING: A SYNERGY PANEL IN THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY." In AGRIBUSINESS AND RURAL AREAS - ECONOMY, INNOVATION AND GROWTH 2021. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/ara2021.280.

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The use of the potential of the land and the natural resources of the new generations in the separate regions are the main prerequisite and basis for the development of a certain type of multifunctional agriculture. The process of continuity should be seen as a process and not as a one-off action or event. The aim of the study is to analyze the process of inheritance in agriculture, as a socio-economic method for ensuring the viability of rural areas. The analysis is based on empirical evidence - cases from family farms and young heirs in rural areas of Bulgaria. The transfer of farm management to the next generation must be organized. Otherwise, the alternative is clear: resettlement from rural areas, a rapidly aging population and insufficient young people to enter the sector. Recognizing the importance of continuity, the Common Agricultural Policy provides training and funding to encourage young people to engage in agricultural activities.
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Stanimirova, Mariya. "THE BLUE GROWTH STRATEGY FOR SUSTAINABLE TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT." In AGRIBUSINESS AND RURAL AREAS - ECONOMY, INNOVATION AND GROWTH 2021. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/ara2021.23.

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In modern-day conditions, sustainable territorial development aims to find additional opportunities for regions to maintain their competitiveness while maximizing the use of available local resources and creating conditions for investment in activities that preserve, maintain and improve the local environment. Activities such as fishing, the production of fishery and aquaculture products; coastal tourism; blue biotechnology fall within the scope of the so-called "blue economy". The Blue growth strategy is focused on the sustainable territorial development of fishing areas by supporting, initiating change and integrating the efforts of all stakeholders to achieve the strategic objectives. The main purpose of this report is to present the results of a survey which examines the attitudes of local business representatives, public administration and academics towards the development of activities in the coastal zone of the Local Fisheries Initiative Group (FLAG) Varna - Beloslav - Aksakovo within the blue economy. On the basis of a future development strategy, strategic areas of development are outlined.
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Nikolova, Marina. "ANALYSIS OF THE STATE AND TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIC PRODUCTION IN THE NORTH CENTRAL AREA." In AGRIBUSINESS AND RURAL AREAS - ECONOMY, INNOVATION AND GROWTH 2021. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/ara2021.255.

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Organic farming best meets the benchmarks set in the development of the Common Agricultural Policy after 2020, regarding the achievement of important goals related to economic efficiency, social responsibility and environmental protection. Therefore, the protection and restoration of biodiversity and natural ecosystems and the provision of sustainable food and production practices are key to our national economy. This requires the use of sustainable production models for effective management of the components of agricultural ecosystems, environmental protection and climate change. The focus of the study is on the regional specifics of an innovative agricultural model and its development potential for strengthening the socio-economic indicators in a specific region. The subject of the analysis is the characteristics of the organic production in the North Central Planning Region depending on the certified activities and the number of biological operators.
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Ivanova, Desislava. "CHALLENGES FOR THE WHEAT MARKET IN THE BLACK SEA REGION UNDER CОVID-19." In AGRIBUSINESS AND RURAL AREAS - ECONOMY, INNOVATION AND GROWTH 2021. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/ara2021.144.

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Under COVID-19, the world is facing unclear circumstances as a result of the global political, economic, social and financial recession caused by the pandemic. The overpopulation of certain regions as a result of globalization leads to problems related to the nutrition of the population and food security. The Black Sea region, with its strategic location, is an essential market both for the production and for the supply of raw materials to the regions affected by poverty and also for the international grain trade and in particular for the wheat. The report presents the main trends in the wheat market within the Black Sea region and argues the problems and challenges, which the grain trade is facing after the beginning of the COVID- 19 pandemic.
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Corina, Vaduva. "THE GREEN ECONOMY - SAVING THE ENVIRONMENT?" In AGRIBUSINESS AND RURAL AREAS - ECONOMY, INNOVATION AND GROWTH 2021. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/ara2021.298.

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The future of the national economy is based on the green economy because after the multitude of discussions it was concluded that this concept is essential in order to achieve the proposed objectives. The "Green economy" is meant to foster sustainable development, especially in the long run, by creating an enabling environment through research, innovation and a knowledge-driven concern. At the basis of the transition to a "green economy" is the practice of a typology of economy based exclusively on policies and investments, the latter linking economic development, health, biodiversity and last but not least climate change, both long-term and long-term medium. As at present the practiced economic system is in full collapse, it was decided that it is necessary to rethink it from all points of view. So, the transition to the green economy is considered as the main solution that aims to adapt the economy and with it its evolution and new challenges that arise globally, by increasingly integrating the environment into the paradigm that refers to lasting development.
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Lyibenov, Lyubomir, Aneliya Lyubenova, and Ivaylo Hristakov. "FACTOR MARKETS IN BULGARIAN BEEKEEPING." In AGRIBUSINESS AND RURAL AREAS - ECONOMY, INNOVATION AND GROWTH 2021. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/ara2021.163.

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The aim is to determine the size and development trends of land and labor markets in the national beekeeping. The study is focused only on them, as the size and trends of national financial markets in beekeeping are defined in another study by the authors. The urgency of the problem stems from the important role of factor markets in achieving sustainable development of beekeeping and other sectors dependent on it, given the pollination activity of bees. The study finds that the land markets in the beekeeping sector are over 0.5 BGN million/year, and the labor markets are over 77.2 BGN million/year, i.e. form joint factor markets in the Bulgarian beekeeping for over 77.7 BGN million/year. Their development trends are positive and derived from those in the beekeeping sector and other related markets - financial and others.
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Stefanova, Marieta. "CHALLENGES INVOLVED IN INTRODUCING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN AGRICULTURE." In AGRIBUSINESS AND RURAL AREAS - ECONOMY, INNOVATION AND GROWTH 2021. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/ara2021.105.

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The introduction of internationally recognized environmental management standards is primarily aimed at making the world economy more environmentally friendly, and at more effective conservation of natural resources. The European Union has specific objectives related to the implementation of environmental protection policies by 2050. Effective pathways and approaches to the implementation of such policies and objectives in agriculture can be found through the introduction of a system according to the requirements of ISO 45001. The main objective of this study is to identify, based on an expert assessment, the milestones in introducing and successful certification of environmental management systems in agriculture. The established milestones for system development may be extended to other sectors.
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Reports on the topic "Growth areas"

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Wheeler, Christopher H. Human Capital Growth in a Cross Section of US Metropolitan Areas. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2005.065.

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Bambrick, Beth. Large Woody Debris Mobility Areas in a Coastal Old-Growth Forest Stream, Oregon. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.658.

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Peschel, Dominik, and Wenyu Liu. The Long-Term Growth Prospects of the People’s Republic of China. Asian Development Bank, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps220567-3.

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This paper examines the economic growth prospects of the People’s Republic of China (PRC). To increase potential growth, it suggests reforms in four areas—labor, education and training, capital, and productivity. Economic growth in the PRC has moderated over the past decade, a trend exacerbated by the pandemic. This paper estimates the level of economic growth to which the country should be able to return after the pandemic. More broadly, it looks at the PRC’s long-term growth prospects given its rapidly aging society, a high dependence of growth on investment, and a changed international environment.
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Papola, T. S., J. Richter, and M. Banskota. Growth, Poverty Alleviation and Sustainable Resource Management in the Mountain Areas of South Asia; Proceedings of an International Conference. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.351.

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Papola, T. S., J. Richter, and M. Banskota. Growth, Poverty Alleviation and Sustainable Resource Management in the Mountain Areas of South Asia; Proceedings of an International Conference. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.351.

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Fee, Kyle D. The Decline in Access to Jobs and the Location of Employment Growth in US Metro Areas: Implications for Economic Opportunity and Mobility. Cleveland, OH: Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26509/frbc-cd-20201001.

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Babiker, Mustafa, Amir Bazaz, Paolo Bertoldi, Felix Creutzig, Heleen De Coninck, Kiane De Kleijne, Shobhakar Dhakal, et al. What the Latest Science on Climate Change Mitigation means for Cities and Urban Areas. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/supsv310.2022.

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The Summary for Urban Policymakers (SUP) initiative provides a distillation of the IPCC reports into accessible and targeted summaries that can help inform action at city and regional scales. Volume I in the series, What the Latest Physical Science of Climate Change Means for Cities, identified the ways in which human-induced climate change is affecting every region of the world, and the cities and urban areas therein. Volume II, Climate Change in Cities and Urban Areas: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, assessed the feasibility and effectiveness of different adaptation options. To achieve climate resilient development, synergies between policies and actions for climate change adaptation, mitigation and other development goals are needed. This third volume in the series, What the Latest Science on Climate Change Mitigation Means For Cities and Urban Areas offers a concise and accessible distillation of the IPCC Working Group III Report for urban policymakers. The 21st century is characterized by a rapidly growing urban population, urban land expansion and associated rise in demand for resources, infrastructure and services. These trends are expected to drive the growth in emissions from urban consumption and production through 2100, although the rate of urban emissions growth will depend on the type of urbanisation and the speed and scale of mitigation action implemented. Aggressive and ambitious policies for transition towards net zero greenhouse gas emissions can be implemented in cities and urban areas, while contributing to sustainable development. Ultimately, mitigation action and adaptation are interdependent processes, and pursuing these actions together can promote sustainable development.
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Jacobsen, Nils. Linjebussens vekst og fall i den voksende byen: en studie av bybussenes geografiske kvalitet Stavanger – Sandnes 1920 – 2010. University of Stavanger, November 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.244.

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Linear city bus services are facing increased challenges from city growth. Increased number of inhabitants on increasing acres of built-up areas, makes it demanding to maintain adequate bus services within reasonable catchment areas. Number of departures per hour give a partial description of the bus service quality. Number of departures give reference to the time aspect of bus service quality, but say nothing about the geographical aspect. What part of the entire line network is within reach of direct bus service when frequencies are limited? To address the geographical aspect of bus service quality, the term network ratio is introduced. The term Network Ratio (NR) signifies what part of the entire line network is within reach of direct bus service to or from a certain place in the network. Network Ratio is given as a mathematical term whereby direct bus lines are calculated as a percentage of the entire network. The character and development of Network Ratio in a specific city is illustrated through an analysis of the urban growth of line network and built-up areas in the twin cities of Stavanger and Sandnes. The analysis is covering the period 1920 – 2000 in intervals of 20 years from the first bus lines were established in the urban area. Year 2010 is also included due to major changes implemented right after the turn of the millennium. Development show there is a close relation between bus network and built-up areas. When areas are being built, bus lines follow. The initial fase 1920 – 40 with extensive development of bus lines combined with some areal growth, is followed by a fase of consolidation 1940 – 60. The latter period is characterized by moderate areal growth, extended lines reducing network ratios, and increasing frequencies on the best bus lines. Extensive areal growth in the following period 1960 – 80, implies increased number of bus lines. As a consequence network ratios as well as frequencies are falling in the entire network. In 1960 certain lines had developed as much as 6 departures per hour, while maximum bus line frequency in 1980 has diminished to 2. New bus service development is introduced in the following period between 1980 and 2000. Numerous bus companies are united, and a more comprehensive planning of bus services are applied. The number of bus lines is stabilized at about 40, the fall in network ratio is reduced, and certain lines develop 4 departures per hour. Parallell to the bus development, growth of built-up areas is slowing down due to increased urban renewal with higher densities within built-up areas. In the period 2000 – 2010 new efforts are given to the development of bus services. Development of Network Ratio takes a new direction: The length of network links with high NR is increasing, while links with very low NR are diminishing. Number of bus lines is decreasing, and by 2010 almost 50% of the bus lines are served with 4 departures or more. Passenger comfort is improved in buses as well as on bus stops, and low floor buses are introduced to ease accessibility. Bus service quality is further developed after 2010. Digital services are introduced including digital ticketing, bus service information and real-time information on internet. In addition real-time information is presented at high frequency bus stops through visual screen and auditory speaker. Inside the buses name of next stop is given on screen and through loudspeaker. Further development of the bus services, should include improved Network Ratios in the entire network, as well as increased frequencies on major bus corridors. The latter is a task not only for the bus service planners, but just as well for the city planners and politicians in collaboration with the developers implementing urban density and allocation of important destinations. A last, but not least, objective for bus service development will be to improve punctuality and total travel time. Today a considerable proportion of city bus services are delayed in car traffic congestions. This is occurring especially on main streets and during rush hours. A set of different solutions are needed to address this question: 1. Dedicated bus streets (including car access to limited addresses) 2. Bus lines through local streets in concentrated housing, office and shopping areas. 3. Dedicated bus lane on main streets where possible. 4. Car traffic regulations on main streets without space for extra bus lane. As an overall vision, we need to cultivate the word of Flemming Larsen: urban growth as pearls on a string, as shown in fig. 13 and fig. 14.
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Jander, Georg, and Daniel Chamovitz. Investigation of growth regulation by maize benzoxazinoid breakdown products. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600031.bard.

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Introduction Previous research had suggested that benzoxazinoids, a class of defensive metabolites found in maize, wheat, rye, and wild barley, are not only direct insect deterrents, but also influence other areas of plant metabolism. In particular, the benzoxazinoid 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxa- zin-3(4H)- one (DIMBOA) was implicated in: (i) altering plant growth by interfering with auxin signaling, and (ii) leading to the induction of gene expression changes and secondary plant defense responses. The overall goal of this proposal was to identify mechanisms by which benzoxazinoids influence other aspects of plant growth and defense. Specifically, the following hypotheses were proposed to be tested as part of an approved BARD proposal: Benzoxazinoid breakdown products directly interfere with auxin perception Global changes in maize and barley gene expression are induced by benzoxazinoid activation. There is natural variation in the maize photomorphogenic response to benzoxazinoids. Although the initial proposal included experiments with both maize and barley, there were some technical difficulties with the proposed transgenic barley experiments and most of the experimental results were generated with maize. Summary of major findings Previous research by other labs, involving both maize and other plant species, had suggested that DIMBOA alters plant growth by interfering with auxin signaling. However, experiments conducted in both the Chamovitz and the Jander labs using Arabidopsis and maize, respectively, were unable to confirm previously published reports of exogenously added DIMBOA effects on auxin signaling. Nevertheless, analysis of bx1 and bx2 maize mutant lines, which have almost no detectable benzoxazinoids, showed altered responses to blue light signaling. Transcriptomic analysis of maize mutant lines, variation in inbred lines, and responses to exogenously added DIMBOA showed alteration in the transcription of a blue light receptor, which is required for plant growth responses. This finding provides a novel mechanistic explanation of the trade-off between growth and defense that is often observed in plants. Experiments by the Jander lab and others had demonstrated that DIMBOA not only has direct toxicity against insect pests and microbial pathogens, but also induces the formation of callose in both maize and wheat. In the current project, non-targeted metabolomic assays of wildtype maize and mutants with defects in benzoxazinoid biosynthesis were used to identify unrelated metabolites that are regulated in a benzoxazinoid-dependent manner. Further investigation identified a subset of these DIMBOA-responsive compounds as catechol, as well as its glycosylated and acetylated derivatives. Analysis of co-expression data identified indole-3-glycerol phosphate synthase (IGPS) as a possible regulator of benzoxazinoid biosynthesis in maize. In the current project, enzymatic activity of three predicted maize IGPS genes was confirmed by heterologous expression. Transposon knockout mutations confirmed the function of the maize genes in benzoxazinoid biosynthesis. Sub-cellular localization studies showed that the three maize IGPS proteins are co-localized in the plastids, together with BX1 and BX2, two previously known enzymes of the benzoxazinoid biosynthesis pathway. Implications Benzoxazinoids are among the most abundant and effective defensive metabolites in maize, wheat, and rye. Although there is considerable with-in species variation in benzoxazinoid content, very little is known about the regulation of this variation and the specific effects on plant growth and defense. The results of this research provide further insight into the complex functions of maize benzoxazinoids, which are not only toxic to pests and pathogens, but also regulate plant growth and other defense responses. Knowledge gained through the current project will make it possible to engineer benzoxazinoid biosynthesis in a more targeted manner to produce pest-tolerant crops without negative effects on growth and yield.
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Butler, Afrachanna, Catherine Thomas, Nathan Beane, Anthony Bednar, and William Frederick. Phytomanagement of soil and groundwater at the Niagara Falls Storage Site (NFSS) using hybridized trees. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42083.

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The Manhattan Engineer District previously used the 191-acre Niagara Falls Storage Site (NFSS) in Niagara County, New York, to store radioactive residues and wastes from uranium (U) ore processing. At present, management practices will determine whether enhanced evapotranspiration rates produced by hybridized shrub willow cuttings planted in 2016 will affect groundwater hydrology. Two shrub willow varieties were planted in an approximately one-half acre area to examine growth performance along a U impacted sanitary sewer line. Additionally, control plots will compare the effectiveness of shrub willows to unplanted areas. Observations of the planted area after 18 months showed success of shrub willow growth with increasing biomass. Chemical analysis from tree tissue samples of the field study showed no significant uptake of U or thorium (Th) to date. A greenhouse study conducted in parallel to the field study tested the willows under controlled greenhouse conditions and evaluated their ability to grow and accumulate contaminants under controlled conditions. Results from the greenhouse study demonstrated that U accumulation was minimal. Thus, this study demonstrates that the shrub willows are not accumulators of U or Th, an advantageous characteristic that implies stabilized contaminants in the soil and no translocation of U into the aboveground biomass.
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