Journal articles on the topic 'Growth and yield of rice'
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Shrestha, Jiban, Sudeep Subedi, Ujjawal Kumar Singh Kushwaha, and Bidhya Maharjan. "Evaluation of rice genotypes for growth, yield and yield components." Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 4, no. 2 (January 1, 2021): 339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/janr.v4i2.33967.
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Twelve rice genotypes were evaluated under irrigated lowland and upland rainfed conditions in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal in 2019. Data on plant height, panicle length, effective tillers per plant, fertile grain number per panicle and grain yield were taken. The variation was observed for plant height, panicle length, effective tillers per plant, fertile grain number per panicle among the evaluated rice genotypes. The rice genotype NR 11375-B-B-21 produced the highest grain yield (3974.75 kg/ha) followed by NR 11374-B-B-23 (3615.26 kg/ha) and NR 11145-B-B-B-6 (3597.56 kg/ha) under irrigated low land condition. Similarly, the rice genotypes, NR 11375-B-B-21 produced the highest grain yield (3837.15 kg/ha) followed by NR 11321-B-B-7-3 (3588.71 kg/ha) and NR 11305-B-B-1-3 (3292.36 kg/ha) under upland rainfed condition. The combined analysis showed that rice genotype NR 11375-B-B-21 produced the highest grain yield (3905.95 kg/ha) followed by NR 11374-B-B-23 (3494.63 kg/ha), and NR 11321-B-B-7-3 (3409.89 kg/ha) respectively. Thus, after evaluation of yield, two genotypes namely NR 11375-B-B-21, NR 11374-B-B-23, were selected as outstanding genotypes, which can be used as potential breeding materials for upland and low land environments of mid hills of Nepal.
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Gravois, KA, and RS Helms. "Effect of uneven emergence on rice yield, milling yield, and yield components." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 34, no. 7 (1994): 949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9940949.
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Establishing a uniform rice (Oryza sativa L.) stand is an important beginning to managing a rice crop and attaining high yields. Most rice management practices in the United States are timed according to rice growth stages. Non-uniform rice stands, and subsequently non-uniform growth stages, present problems for the timely application of management practices for attaining high yields. Our objective was the determination of the effects of uneven emergence on rice yield, milling yield, and yield components. Experiments were conducted in 1988 and 1989 on a Hebert silt loam (Vertic Hapludoll) at the Southeast Branch Experiment Station near Rohwer, Arkansas. Uneven emergence was simulated by delayed (18 days from emergence) interseeding of rice to achieve 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80% uneven emergence. Each experiment was planted with the cultivars Lemont (semi-dwarf) and Tebonnet (tall) and was replicated 4 times. Rice yields for the uneven emergence treatment levels were significantly less than the rice yields seeded exclusively at PD1 (planting date 1), except for the uneven emergence levels 80-20 (80% planted at PD1 and 20% planted at PD2) and 60-40 for Tebonnet, and 60-40 in 1988 for Lemont. In 1989, there was a trend for head rice yields to decrease as uneven emergence levels increased. Average panicle density and number of grains per panicle for both Lemont and Tebonnet decreased with increasing uneven emergence, indicating a failure in the typical compensatory relationship between panicle density and grain per panicle. Lemont exhibited reduced average grain weights due to uneven emergence, especially at 80-20, 60-40, and 40-60 uneven emergence levels. Harvest indices were higher for PD1 than for PD2, except at 20-80 uneven emergence level. Essentially, the later emerging rice from the second planting acted much like a weed by competing against rather than contributing to rice yields. Late interseeding to enhance poor rice stands is unlikely to produce an economic return that could be expected from an adequate initial plant stand.
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Chakrobortty, Jotirmoy, Yeasmin Akter, Md Anamul Hoque, and Md Abul Hashem. "Comparative studies on tolerance of two rice genotypes differing in their salinity tolerance." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 8, no. 4 (December 23, 2022): 230–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v8i4.62819.
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Salinity is a serious problem affecting one third of the irrigation land and limiting the yield potential of modern rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties. To increase our understanding of salt tolerance mechanisms in rice for better production, knowledge of salinity effects on rice seedling growth and yield components is inevitable. Despite of large number of studies on salinity tolerance of rice, we have very limited knowledge on the overall effect of salinity on rice seedlings growth. The experiment was carried out to assess the responses of salinity on the growth, nutrient accumulation and yield of rice genotypes BRRI dhan29 (salt-sensitive) and BINA dhan-10 (salt-tolerant). The pot experiment was conveyed at the net house to evaluate the response of two rice genotypes at five levels of salt stresses (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 mM NaCl) at the vegetative stage. After harvesting of rice, electrical conductivity of soil was analyzed. Growth, yield components, grain and straw yields were evaluated. Binadhan-10 showed a higher salt tolerance in physiological parameters of rice than BRRI dhan29. A significant reduction of growth, yield components, grain and straw yields of both rice genotypes was found in response to salt stress. At different salt stress conditions nutrient uptake (NPS) and K+/Na+ ratio was significantly decreased in both rice genotypes. Yet, K+/Na+ ratio was more in salt-tolerant variety than salt-sensitive variety. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2022, 8 (4), 230-239
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Olubanjo, O., and A. Alade. "Growth and Yield Response of Cayenne Pepper Plant Grown in Different Substrates Culture of Drip Hydroponic Farming Method." Applied Research Journal of Environmental Engineering 1, no. 1 (December 31, 2018): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47721/arjee20180101025.
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The soilless farming techniques of growing crops most especially vegetables has increased tremendously in developed countries while it is still new in developing countries such as Nigeria. The research determined the effect of substrates on optimum growth, yield and nutrient composition of cayenne pepper plant so as to form an effective basis for selection of substrates to be used as plant support in soilless farming methods. This research was carried out at the Agricultural and Environmental Engineering experimental farm, Federal University of Technology, Akure. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with three treatments (sawdust, rice husks and soil) and replicated three times. The vegetative growth, yield, biomass weight, water and nutrient, proximate and mineral composition were measured. The results showed that rice husk gave the highest plant height of 29.91 cm, number of leaves of 39.60 and stem girth of 0.3414 cm respectively while sawdust gave the lowest plant height of 17.83 cm and soil gave the lowest number of leaves of 29.36 and stem girth of 0.3059 cm. Higher yields were also recorded from rice husk for cayenne pepper plant while the soil has the least yield. The physiological appearance of the crop and the yields were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the various treatments due to the effects of the substrates and the planting methods. The proximate and mineral compositions of the pepper were higher in the pepper from rice husk and least in the pepper from the soil. These were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the treatments effects as a result of its physicochemical features. With the outcome of this research, it is advisable that soilless farming should be embraced by farmers in areas where there is limitations of land for agricultural activities. Also, federal and state ministry of agriculture should give necessary support for soilless farming in Nigeria. Keywords: Hydroponic, Substrate, Growth, Yield, Quality, Cayenne pepper
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Rosegrant, Mark W., and Robert E. Evenson. "Agricultural Productivity Growth in Pakistan and India: A Comparative Analysis (Distinguishedl Lecture)." Pakistan Development Review 32, no. 4I (December 1, 1993): 433–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v32i4ipp.433-451.
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Estimates of partial factor productivity growth for rice and wheat in India and Pakistan have shown relatively rapid growth in yields per hectare since adoption of modem rice and wheat varieties began in the mid-to-Iate 1960s [Byerlee (1990); Rosegrant (1991)]. Yields per hectare for rice and wheat grew slowly prior to the green revolution, then increased dramatically (Table 1). In Pakistan, yield growth from 1965 to 1975 was particularly rapid, but declined sharply after that. Indian yields grew more slowly than in Pakistan in the early green revolution period, but higher yield growth was sustained in India after 1975.
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Hensawang, Saruda, Sittisak Injan, Pariwate Varnakovida, and Usa Humphries. "Predicting Rice Production in Central Thailand Using the WOFOST Model with ENSO Impact." Mathematical and Computational Applications 26, no. 4 (October 20, 2021): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mca26040072.
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The World Food Studies Simulation Model (WOFOST) model is a daily crop growth and yield forecast model with interactions with the environment, including soil, agricultural management, and especially climate conditions. An El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon directly affected climate change and indirectly affected the rice yield in Thailand. This study aims to simulate rice production in central Thailand using the WOFOST model and to find the relationship between rice yield and ENSO. The meteorological data and information on rice yields of Suphan Buri 1 variety from 2011 to 2018 in central Thailand were used to study the rice yields. The study of rice yield found that the WOFOST model was able to simulate rice yield with a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) value of 752 kg ha−1, with approximately 16% discrepancy. The WOFOST model was able to simulate the growth of Suphan Buri 1 rice, with an average discrepancy of 16.205%, and Suphan Buri province had the least discrepancy at 6.99%. Most rice yield simulations in the central region were overestimated (except Suphan Buri) because the model did not cover crop damage factors such as rice disease or insect damage. The WOFOST model had good relative accuracy and could respond to estimates of rice yields. When an El Niño phenomenon occurs at Niño 3.4, it results in lower-than-normal yields of Suphan Buri 1 rice in the next 8 months. On the other hand, when a La Niña phenomenon occurs at Niño 3.4, Suphan Buri 1 rice yields are higher than normal in the next 8 months. An analysis of the rice yield data confirms the significant impact of ENSO on rice yields in Thailand. This study shows that climate change leads to impacts on rice production, especially during ENSO years.
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Wu, G. W., and L. T. Wilson. "Growth and Yield Response of Rice to Rice Water Weevil Injury." Environmental Entomology 26, no. 6 (December 1, 1997): 1191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/26.6.1191.
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Ling, Xiaoxia, Tianyi Zhang, Nanyan Deng, Shen Yuan, Gaohua Yuan, Wenjie He, Kehui Cui, et al. "Modelling rice growth and grain yield in rice ratooning production system." Field Crops Research 241 (September 2019): 107574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2019.107574.
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Lawrence, Benjamin H., Jason A. Bond, Henry M. Edwards, Bobby R. Golden, Garret B. Montgomery, Thomas W. Eubank, and Timothy W. Walker. "Effect of Fall-Applied Residual Herbicides on Rice Growth and Yield." Weed Technology 32, no. 5 (August 20, 2018): 526–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2018.41.
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AbstractGlyphosate-resistant (GR) Italian ryegrass is one of the most troublesome weeds in Mississippi row crop production. Fall-applied residual herbicide applications are recommended for control of GR Italian ryegrass. However, carryover of residual herbicides applied in fields for rice production can have a negative impact on rice performance. Field studies were conducted in Stoneville, MS, to determine the effects of fall-applied residual herbicides on rice growth and yield. Herbicide treatments included suggested use rates (1×) of clomazone at 840 g ai ha–1, pyroxasulfone 170 g ai ha–1,S-metolachlor 1,420 g ai ha–1, and trifluralin 1,680 g ai ha–1, and two times (2×) the suggested use rates in the fall before rice seeding. Pooled across application rate, pyroxasulfone,S-metolachlor, and trifluralin injured rice to an extent 28% to 36% greater than clomazone 14 d after emergence (DAE). Rice seedling density and height 14 DAE and rice maturity were negatively affected by all fall-applied herbicides except clomazone. Applications at 2× rates reduced rough rice yields in plots treated with pyroxasulfone,S-metolachlor, and trifluralin compared with clomazone. Pyroxasulfone applied at the 2× rate reduced rough rice yield 22% compared with the 1× rate. Rough rice yield was 90% or greater of the nontreated control in plots treated with either rate ofS-metolachlor, and these were comparable with rough rice yields from plots treated with both rates of trifluralin and the 1× rate of pyroxasulfone. Early-season injury and reductions in seedling density and height 14 DAE, would preclude even 1× applications of pyroxasulfone,S-metolachlor, and trifluralin from being viable options for residual herbicide treatments targeting GR Italian ryegrass in the fall before rice seeding. Of the herbicides evaluated, only clomazone should be utilized as a fall-applied residual herbicide treatment targeting GR Italian ryegrass before seeding rice.
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Estorninos, Leopoldo E., David R. Gealy, Edward E. Gbur, Ronald E. Talbert, and Marilyn R. McClelland. "Rice and red rice interference. II. Rice response to population densities of three red rice (Oryza sativa) ecotypes." Weed Science 53, no. 5 (October 2005): 683–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-04-040r1.1.
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Red rice, which grows taller and produces more tillers than domestic rice and shatters most of its seeds early, is a major weed in many rice-growing areas of the world. Field experiments were conducted at Stuttgart, AR in 1997 and 1998 to evaluate the growth response of the Kaybonnet (KBNT) rice cultivar to various population densities of three red rice ecotypes. The ecotypes tested were Louisiana3 (LA3), Stuttgart strawhull (Stgstraw), and Katy red rice (KatyRR). Compared with KBNT alone, LA3, the tallest of the three red rice ecotypes, reduced tiller density of KBNT 51%, aboveground biomass at 91 d after emergence (DAE) 35%, and yield 80%. Stgstraw, a medium-height red rice, reduced KBNT tiller density 49%, aboveground biomass 26%, and yield 61%. KatyRR, the shortest red rice, reduced KBNT tiller density 30%, aboveground biomass 16%, and yield 21%. Tiller density of rice was reduced by 20 to 48% when red rice density increased from 25 to 51 plants m−2. Rice biomass at 91 DAE was reduced by 9 and 44% when red rice densities were 16 and 51 plants m−2. Rice yield was reduced by 60 and 70% at red rice densities of 25 and 51 plants m−2, respectively. These results demonstrate that low populations of red rice can greatly reduce rice growth and yield and that short-statured red rice types may affect rice growth less than taller ecotypes.
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Beecher, HG, JA Thompson, PE Bacon, and DP Heenan. "Effect of cropping sequences on soil nitrogen levels, rice growth, and grain yields." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 34, no. 7 (1994): 977. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9940977.
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The effect of 7 different crop and pasture sequences and cereal stubble management on soil nitrogen (N) levels and growth and grain yield of 2 subsequent rice crops was studied over 6 years (1986-92) on a Birganbigil clay loam soil at Yanco Agricultural Institute. After harvest of an initial rice crop in 1987, the following crop sequences were imposed: continuous annual rice cropping; 2 triticale crops, 2 seasons of pasture; pasture for 4 seasons; a second rice crop, 3 seasons of pasture; a second and third rice crop, 2 seasons of pasture; winter cereals; double cropped (winter-summer) on raised beds. The growth and productivity of 2 subsequent rice crops (1990-91, 1991-92) was then evaluated. Stubble retention rather than burning was practiced on half of each plot. Half of each pasture plot was sown to annual pasture (Trifolium subterraneum), while the other half was sown to perennial pasture (Trifolium repens). All plots returned to rice in 1990-91 and N rates up to 400 kg N/ka were applied. No fertiliser was applied to the 1991-92 crop. Anaerobic incubation ammonium content of soil, sampled before sowing of the 1990-91 rice crop, ranged from 28 to 85 pg/g oven-dried soil. The 1990-91 rice crop reduced soil ammonium by 30 y g/g in all sequences except continuous annual rice cropping. These differences in soil ammonium content were significantly correlated with rice growth and yield. Dry matter at panicle initiation and at physiological maturity and grain yield all increased significantly with N fertiliser application for all crop sequences. This indicates the benefit of N fertiliser, even after a 4-year pasture phase. Modelled grain yield from the unfertilised 2-year subterranean clover pasture (10.4 t/ha) was equal to that from the continuous rice sequence receiving 212 kg N/ha. Applying 320 kg N/ha to continuous rice plots produced yields similar to that of the 2-year subterranean clover pasture sequence, which received 98 kg N/ha. This indicates that the major effect on grain yield of different crop sequences could be alleviated through high N applications. Stubble management had little effect on rice growth or grain yield. Sequences with pasture phases of 2, 3, and 4 years produced similar rice grain yields. Pasture phases still had a positive effect, compared with continuous ricegrowing, on the second rice crop; however, crop growth and grain yield were about half that obtained from the unfertilised plots of the first rice crop. We conclude that continuous, high-yielding, annual ricegrowing can be maintained provided the N supply is adequate, that highly productive legume-dominant pasture phases of 2, 3, or 4 years contribute eqivalent amounts of N to succeeding rice crops, and that stubble management technique or pasture type has little effect on grain yield.
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Bulbule, A. V., S. C. Talashilkar, and N. K. Savant. "Integrated rice straw–urea management for transplanted rice." Journal of Agricultural Science 127, no. 1 (August 1996): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600077364.
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SUMMARYFour field experiments were conducted over the 1992 and 1993 seasons (southwest monsoon seasons, June–October) in the warm subhumid tropical region on the west coast of the Maharashtra State, India. The objective was to investigate the effect of recycling limited amounts of rice straw (RS) (as a source of K and Si) integrated with the use of prilled urea (PU) and urea briquettes (UB) at 60 kg N/ha on the growth and yield of rainfed transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.). The management practice, consisting of basal incorporation of RS (2 t/ha) integrated with deep placement of UB (one 2·1-g UB/4 hills) immediately after transplanting using a modified 20 × 20 cm spacing, produced a significantly higher grain yield (average increase of 1·3 t/ha) and straw yield (average increase of 1·1 t/ha) than did the RS practice integrated with two equal split applications of PU at the same N rate and hill spacing. The additional yields were attributed to the increase of total and productive tillers/m2 and panicle weight. The results indicate the potential of the integrated RS–UB management for increasing yields of rainfed transplanted rice in the warm subhumid tropical zone.
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Islam, MN, F. Alam, PK Saha, AL Shah, A. Islam, and JC Biswas. "Magic Growth Produced Zero Effect on Rice Yield." Bangladesh Rice Journal 19, no. 2 (June 9, 2016): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/brj.v19i2.28169.
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CORRECTION: Due to a number of formatting and layout issues, the PDF of this paper was replaced on 10th October 2016. The page numbers of this article have changed from 87-93 to 91-97.Investigation during T. Aus 2012 through Boro 2013-14 at BRRI farm, Gazipur evaluated the effect of magic growth (MG) solution on rice. The experiment compared variable doses of N with or without MG along with N control in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Basal application of N with its top dress was also compared with only top dress of N (no basal). All the plots (except control) received a blanket application of phosphorus, potassium, sulfur and zinc. The application of MG spraying produced no yield advantage on rice grain yield in Aus, Aman and Boro seasons. Basal application of N with top dress produced higher yield over N top dressing only in Boro season at lower rate of N.Bangladesh Rice j. 2015, 19(2): 91-97
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Luo, Shanjun, Xueqin Jiang, Weihua Jiao, Kaili Yang, Yuanjin Li, and Shenghui Fang. "Remotely Sensed Prediction of Rice Yield at Different Growth Durations Using UAV Multispectral Imagery." Agriculture 12, no. 9 (September 13, 2022): 1447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12091447.
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A precise forecast of rice yields at the plot scale is essential for both food security and precision agriculture. In this work, we developed a novel technique to integrate UAV-based vegetation indices (VIs) with brightness, greenness, and moisture information obtained via tasseled cap transformation (TCT) to improve the precision of rice-yield estimates and eliminate saturation. Eight nitrogen gradients of rice were cultivated to acquire measurements on the ground, as well as six-band UAV images during the booting and heading periods. Several plot-level VIs were then computed based on the canopy reflectance derived from the UAV images. Meanwhile, the TCT-based retrieval of the plot brightness (B), greenness (G), and a third component (T) indicating the state of the rice growing and environmental information, was performed. The findings indicate that ground measurements are solely applicable to estimating rice yields at the booting stage. Furthermore, the VIs in conjunction with the TCT parameters exhibited a greater ability to predict the rice yields than the VIs alone. The final simulation models showed the highest accuracy at the booting stage, but with varying degrees of saturation. The yield-prediction models at the heading stage satisfied the requirement of high precision, without any obvious saturation phenomenon. The product of the VIs and the difference between the T and G (T − G) and the quotient of the T and B (T/B) was the optimum parameter for predicting the rice yield at the heading stage, with an estimation error below 7%. This study offers a guide and reference for rice-yield estimation and precision agriculture.
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Kirchhof, G., and H. B. So. "Rice growth and post-rice mungbean in relation to two puddling intensities under glasshouse conditions." Soil Research 43, no. 5 (2005): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr04067.
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The effect of soil puddling on growth of lowland rice (Oryza sativa) and post-rice mungbean (Vigna radiata) was investigated using mini rice beds under controlled glasshouse conditions. Each mini rice bed was approximately 1 m3in size. Three different soil types were used: a well-drained, permeable loam; a hardsetting, structurally unstable silty loam; and a medium clay. Rice yields were reduced by low puddling compared with high puddling intensity on the loam but not affected on the heavier textured soils (silty loam and clay). Yield of mungbean was reduced on highly puddle, structurally unstable soil, indicating that puddling should be reduced on structurally unstable soils. Under glasshouse condition where crop establishment was not a limiting factor and plant available water in 0.65 m of soil was 100 mm, mungbean yields of >1 t/ha were achieved. However, under conditions where subsoil water reserves were depleted for the production of vegetative biomass during initial optimal growing condition, grain yield remained well below 1 t/ha.
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Groth, D. E. "Azoxystrobin Rate and Timing Effects on Rice Sheath Blight Incidence and Severity and Rice Grain and Milling Yields." Plant Disease 89, no. 11 (November 2005): 1171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-89-1171.
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Lack of sheath blight resistant varieties requires rice (Oryza sativa) farmers to use fungicides to avoid significant reductions in grain yield and milling yield. Studies were conducted to determine the best rate and rice growth stage for a single application of azoxystrobin, a fungicide recently labeled for this use, to effectively control sheath blight. Azoxystrobin was applied foliarly to inoculated field plots in 2000 to 2002 using rates of 0.22, 0.17, and 0.11 kg a.i. ha -1 at 7 days after panicle differentiation (PD+7), boot (B), and heading (H) growth stages and at 0.17 kg a.i. ha-1 at 5, 10, and 15 days after heading. Sheath blight severity (measured on a 0 to 9 scale) and incidence (percent tillers infected) were assessed 1 to 2 weeks before harvest. A fungicide application made between PD+7 and H significantly reduced sheath blight severity, which resulted in significantly higher yield and head rice milling yield compared with inoculated unsprayed plots. There were no significant effects of fungicide rate at the PD+7, B, and H growth stages. Fungicide-treated plots had yield and milling yield similar to the very lightly diseased, uninoculated check plots included for comparison. With fungicide application made postheading, rice had higher disease severity, resulting in lower yields and milling yield compared with rice receiving earlier applications.
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Samant, T. K., L. M. Garnayak, R. K. Paikaray, K. N. Mishra, R. K. Panda, and S. K. Swain. "Effect of Nutrient Management and Rice Establishment Methods on Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Rice–Groundnut Cropping System." International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 12, no. 6 (December 31, 2021): 663–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/1.2021.2625.
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The field experiments were conducted at Agronomy Main Research Farm, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India during rabi (November–March) seasons of 2019–2020 and 2020–2021 to evaluate direct and residual effect of nutrient management and rice establishment methods on phenology, growing degree days, growth, yield and economics of groundnut in rice–groundnut cropping system. The experiments were laid out in split-plot design with three replications. Carryover effect of direct seeding rice favourably influenced the succeeding groundnut crop as compared to that grown after transplanting which had superior growth parameters resulting in 25.7% higher pod yield, oil yield (1.24 t ha-1), gross return (` 136612.7 ha-1) and net return (` 63965.0 ha-1). Residual effect of organic management to preceding rice significantly increased growth, yield attributes, growing degree days at physiological maturity and net return, resulted in highest pod yield of 2.48 t ha-1 in groundnut which was at par with that grown after INM in rice, but was on an average, 17.0% higher than inorganic practice in rice. INM to groundnut increased yield parameters and economics of the crop resulting in 19.7 and 39.3% higher pod yields than 100% and 75% soil test based fertiliser, respectively. Hence, INM under direct seeding to kharif rice benefits the succeeding groundnut crop and direct application of 75% STBN (inorganic)+25% STBN (FYM)+0.2 LR+biofertilisers to groundnut proved beneficial for improving phenology, growing degree days, growth, yield and economics of groundnut in rice–groundnut cropping system.
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Street, Joe E., John L. Baldwin, and Thomas C. Mueller. "Influence of Growth Stage on Rice (Oryza sativa) Tolerance to Triclopyr." Weed Technology 6, no. 4 (December 1992): 930–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00036496.
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Field studies were conducted from 1985 to 1989 on a Sharkey clay to examine injury to a semi-dwarf rice cultivar, ‘Lemont’, from triclopyr or triclopyr plus propanil. Triclopyr applied in the booting stage reduced yield two of three years, with the observed yield reduction possibly caused by epinasty of the rice flag leaf. Triclopyr application to three- to four-leaf rice caused hyponasty. Triclopyr did not reduce plant height, seed weight, germination, or total milling yield. Triclopyr plus propanil caused more leaf burn that triclopyr alone, but yields were not reduced compared with the untreated control. This research indicated that triclopyr and triclopyr plus propanil can be used in rice production with the semi-dwarf cultivar, Lemont, with the potential to minimize drift to non-target crops due to the greater flexibility in application timing compared with 2,4-D application.
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A. RAJ, B. CHAKRABARTI, H. PATHAK, S.D. SINGH, U. MINA, and R. MITTAL. "Growth, yield components and grain yield response of rice to temperature and nitrogen levels." Journal of Agrometeorology 18, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.54386/jam.v18i1.839.
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An experiment was carried out during the kharif season of year 2013 inside Temperature Gradient Tunnel (TGT) of Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture (CESCRA), at IARI farm to study impact of elevated temperature on the growth and yield responses of rice crop under four N levels. Results showed that grain and biomass yield of rice had decreased significantly with rise in temperature inside the TGT. With recommended N dose, yield reduction of rice was 37 per cent with rise in temperature to 3.9ºC over ambient air condition but application of 125 per cent N can prevent the yield loss by 6per cent as compared to 100 per cent recommended N treatment. Yield parameters Spikelet sterility of rice did increase with increase in temperature.
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CHOWDHURY, A., and H. P. DAS. "Effect of rainfall on growth and yield of rice in Konkan coast." MAUSAM 44, no. 2 (January 1, 2022): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v44i2.3811.
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In this Study, relationship between rainfall and rice yield has been investigated in Ratnagiri and Thane districts of Maharashtra using 37 year's (1951.1987) data. Weekly water balance has been worked out in developing a yield index and its association with yield examined. Planting rates have been calculated assuming two categories of empirical rainfall accumulations of 450 and 500 mm. The yields were correlated with rainfall during selected growth phases, total rainfall, the yield index and the technological trend. Effects of late or early onset on yield has also been examined.
It appears that 450 mm rainfall accumulation from Ist June gives a ~reasonably accurate indication of transplanting paddy in Konkan. Technology seems.. to have much influence on the paddy yield. Results also reveal that rainfall during early growth phases is significantly related to the yield the date of planting was not found to/have a determining influence on the yield.
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Hoque, TS, I. Jahan, MR Islam, and M. Ahmed. "Performance of different organic fertilizers in improving growth and yield of boro rice." SAARC Journal of Agriculture 16, no. 2 (February 16, 2019): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v16i2.40267.
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A field experiment was conducted at two locations i.e. at Soil Science Field of Bangladesh Agricultural University and at Farmer’s field of Fakirakanda village of Mymensingh Sadar to evaluate the effects of different organic fertilizers on the growth and yield of rice (BRRI dhan28). The experiments at each location containing seven treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were T0: Control, T1: 75% RFD; T2: 100% RFD, T3: 75% RFD + Kazi Jaibo Shar (5 tha-1), T4: 75% RFD + Kazi Jaibo Shar (3 t ha-1), T5: 75% RFD + Poultry manure (3 t ha-1) and T6: 75% RFD + Cow dung (5 t ha-1). Application of poultry manure as well as Kazi Jaibo Shar showed positive effects on yield attributes, grain and straw yields of rice, nutrient (N, P, K and S) contents and uptake by grain, straw and in total. The performance of 75% RFD with poultry manure @ 3 t ha-1 was the best in producing yield components, grain and straw yields of rice. At both locations, the performance of same dose (3 t ha-1) of poultry manure and Kazi Jaibo Shar was almost similar in producing growth and yield contributing characters, grain and straw yields, - nutrient content and uptake by rice while each of these manures compensated up to 25% of recommended chemical fertilizers. Therefore, considering the soil health, poultry manure or Kazi Jaibo Shar @ 3 t ha-1 is recommended for growth and yield enhancement in rice.
SAARC J. Agri., 16(2): 153-166 (2018)
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Pandey, Bisheshwor Prasad, Khem Raj Pant, Mathura Yadav, and Narayan Khatri. "Effect of Digestate on growth and production of rice under rice – wheat cropping system." Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 2, no. 1 (October 25, 2019): 223–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/janr.v2i1.26076.
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Field experiments were conducted during rainy seasons of 2017 and 2018 at National Wheat Research Program (NWRP), Bhairahawa to identify the suitable age and appropriate dose of digestate/biogas slurry regarding yield maximization of rice (cv. Ram dhan). The experiment compared the effect of different age [5 days (fresh), 90 days (3 months) and 180 days (6 months)] and dose (0, 5, 10 and 15 t ha-1) of digestate/biogas slurry on rice yield. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block design (RCBD) with three replications. Grain yield of rice was significantly higher (4.5 t ha-1) with the application of biogas slurry of 5 days than 90 days (4.3 t ha-1) age, in 2017 A. D. Similarly, yield was significantly higher (4.6 t ha-1) with the application of biogas slurry 5 days than of 90 days (4.5 t ha-1) age, in 2018. Yield due to the application of biogas slurry of 5 days was equal to the yield resulted from the use of biogas slurry of 180 days in 2017 and 2018. The pooled analysis showed that the yield with the application of biogas slurry of 5 days age was significantly higher (4.6 t ha-1) than the yield due to the application of biogas slurry of 90 (4. 4 t ha-1) and 180 days (4.5 t ha-1) age. The yield of rice has been found increasing significantly as the dose of biogas slurry was incremented from 0 t ha-1 to 15 t ha-1 in 2017, 2018 and in pooled analysis. The yield of rice was significantly higher (4.6 t ha-1) in 2018 than in 2017 (4.4 t ha-1), in pooled analysis. Thus, the use of biogas slurry of the age of 5 days with the dose of 15 t ha-1 produced the higher grain yield of rice.
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Islam, Md Touhidul. "INFLUENCE OF SEED SOURCE ON PLANT GROWTH, YIELD AND YIELD GAP OF RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.)." Tropical Agrobiodiversity 2, no. 2 (July 21, 2021): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/trab.02.2021.82.86.
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Seed source is influenced on plant growth and yield of a crop. The objective of this research was to investigate the plant growth and yield including gap of rice collected seed from different sources in Bangladesh. The seed of rice variety BRRI dhan28 of Oryza sativa L. was used as study material. The treatments were consisted of four sources of seed viz. Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation (BADC), private seed company, farmers’ own seed and seed from local market. The seed was also obtained from Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) that was used for control. Data regarding plant growth parameters (plant height, leaf area, absolute growth rate, AGR and relative growth rate, RGR); yield attributes (number of spikelet/panicles, 1000-grain weight and yield/ton); and percentage of yield gap were investigated. Minimum plant growth parameters except RGR and all yield attributes of rice were observed in the seed of BRRI followed by BADC; while the highest RGR was observed in the seed of BRRI and BADC simultaneously. The yield gap of rice was the highest in the seed of the market. The plant growth and grain yield of rice were comparatively higher in the seed of BRRI followed by BADC and company due to higher knowledge of seed production and processing technology; while higher yield gap were observed in the seed of farmer and market due to poor seed production and processing facilities as well as their poor knowledge.
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Smith, Roy J. "Tolerance of Rice (Oryza sativa) to Acifluorfen and Triclopyr Applied Alone or in Mixtures by Propanil." Weed Science 36, no. 3 (May 1988): 379–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500075056.
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Acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid} applied alone and in mixtures with propanil [N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)propanamide] reduced rough grain yield of rice (Oryza sativaL. ‘Lebonnet’ or ‘Bond’) by 7% when applied at the late-booting or heading growth stages, averaged over several rates of application. Earlier applications did not reduce rice yield. The highest rate (0.6 kg ai/ha) of acifluorfen alone and in mixtures with propanil at 3.4 kg ai/ha reduced grain yields more than lower rates (0.1 or 0.3 kg ai/ha). Triclopyr {[(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy] acetic acid} alone and in mixtures with propanil reduced rough grain yields of rice by 18% when applied at the late-booting growth stage, averaged over several rates of applications, but did not affect yields when applied at the early-tillering, jointing, or early-booting growth stages. Whole-grain milling yield and germination of rice seed were not affected by acifluorfen or triclopyr alone or in mixtures with propanil, regardless of rate or growth stage of application.
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Mazaredo, A. M., E. V. Laureles, and T. L. Setter. "Growth and yield of modern deepwater rice: Comparisons with modern irrigated rice." Field Crops Research 46, no. 1-3 (June 1996): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4290(95)00093-3.
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Emmanuel, Kolo, Adigun Aremu, Adeyemi Raphael, Daramola Samuel, and Bodunde Jacob. "The effect of weed control timing on the growth and yield of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.)." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 66, no. 1 (2021): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas2101027e.
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Weed interference is a major threat to rice production, leading to high yield reduction and reduced profitability. Therefore, field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of the different timings of weed control on the growth and yield of upland rice in the 2015 and 2016 cropping seasons. The treatments consisted of periods when the crop was allowed to be weed-infested for the first 3, 6 and 9 weeks after sowing (WAS) and periods when the weeds were controlled for the first 3, 6 and 9 WAS. Two treatments of weed infestation and weed control until harvest were also included as the checks in a randomized complete block design with three replications. In both years, rice grain yields ranged from 0.6 to 0.8 t ha-1 in plots kept weed-infested until harvest, and from 3.5 to 3.9 t ha-1 in plots kept weed-free until harvest, indicating a 79-83% yield loss with uncontrolled weed growth. Weed infestation for the first 3 WAS did not cause a significant reduction in the growth and yield of rice provided the weeds were removed thereafter. However, the delay in weed control until 9 WAS reduced rice growth and resulted in irrevocable yield reduction. It was only necessary to remove the weeds between 3 and 9 WAS for optimum grain yield, as no significant yield increase was observed in weed control after 9 WAS in both years. This study showed that weed control between 3 and 9 WAS would give the optimum growth and yield of upland rice.
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Gaire, Achyut, Samjhana Koirala, Ram Kumar Shrestha, and Lal Prasad Amgain. "Growth and Productivity of Different Cultivars of Rice Under Nutrient Expert© and Other Fertilizer Management Practices at Lamjung." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 4, no. 2 (June 27, 2016): 178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v4i2.14974.
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Rice is an important world leading cereal crop grown extensively in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. However, its productivity is constrained by a number of problems. Currently, cereal yields are only 40 to 65% of their potential, mostly because nutrient management does not consider crop’s dynamic response to the environment and site specific nutrition management. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted on farmer’s field at Lamjung, Sundarbazar and Bhoteodar using Nutrient Expert® rice model from July 2015 to November 2015. Four replications of 5 treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design. Five treatments were Nutrient Expert recommendation (NE hybrid), Government recommendation (GR hybrid), NE improved, GR improved and Farmers field practice (FFP). The result revealed significant difference in terms of plant height, panicle weight, filled grain/panicle, straw yield, grain yield at 15.5% moisture, biological yield and sterility %.The highest yield (7.362tonha-1) was obtained from NE hybrid field which was followed by GR hybrid (6.12tonha-1), NE improved (5.20tonha-1), FFP (4.76tonha-1) and GR improved (4.70tonha-1). While comparing Nutrient Expert® (NE) estimation for attainable rice yield with actual rice yield from the farmer field trial; NE-based fertilizer recommendations proved to be successful in reaching the yield targets estimated by the software. The actual rice yields recorded in farmer fields were higher than the NE estimated attainable yields, so NE recommendation was found better over GR and FFP. Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(2): 178-182
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Suswana, Suli, and Dick Dick Maulana. "Residual Effect of Rice Husk Biochar on Growth and Yield of Aerobic Rice." Agrotechnology Research Journal 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/agrotechresj.v6i2.57344.
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Biochar is a carbon-rich solid material made by pyrolyzing agricultural residual biomass, and it decomposes much more slowly than the biomass from which it is made. Biochar has been shown to have agronomic benefits. Biochar can provide agronomic benefits for a longer period due to its persistence in the soil. The purpose of this research is to gather evidence demonstrating that biochar has a longer effect on increasing aerobic rice productivity. A pot experiment was carried out in UNINUS. The treatments were as follows: control, 20 Mg rice husk biochar (RHB), 40 Mg RHB, 50 Mg RHB, 60 Mg RHB, 10 Mg RHB + 10 Mg composted poultry litter (CPL).ha<sup>-1</sup>, 20 Mg RHB + 20 Mg CPL.ha<sup>-1</sup>, 30 Mg RHB + 30 Mg CPL.ha<sup>-1</sup>, and 30 Mg RHB + 30 Mg CPL.ha<sup>-1</sup>. Treatments were started in September 2018, and the effects were measured from February to June 2019. The findings revealed that rice husk biochar and its combination with CPL increased aerobic rice growth (plant height, number of tillers, and yield). The most effective combination rate is the application of biochar and composted poultry litter, 20 Mg RHB + 20 Mg CPL.ha<sup>-1</sup>, because it significantly extended the residual effect. The combined application increased rice productivity when compared to a single application of biochar and composted poultry. The residual effect of biochar and composted poultry litter on rice productivity was superior to fresh application.
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Suman, B. M., and Sheeja K. Raj. "A review on zinc and boron nutrition in rice." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 1180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i4.1897.
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Micronutrients, though needed in smaller amounts, play a major role in the production and productivity of rice. Zn is the fourth most deficient nutrient element in Indian soils and its deficiency causes severe yield reduction in rice. Application of Zn either as foliar spray or soil application caused significant improvement in growth and yield attributes and yield of rice. Similar to that of Zn, B nutrition also caused significant improvement in growth and yield attributes and yield of rice. The review elaborates the effect of Zn and B nutrition on the growth, physiological parameters, yield attributes, yield and quality of rice.
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Karn, Elizabeth, Teresa De Leon, Luis Espino, Kassim Al-Khatib, and Whitney Brim-DeForest. "Effects of competition from California weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) biotypes on a cultivated rice variety." Weed Technology 34, no. 5 (March 25, 2020): 666–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2020.35.
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AbstractWeedy rice is an emerging problem of cultivated rice in California. Infestations of weedy rice in cultivated rice result in yield loss and reduced grain quality. In this study, we aimed to evaluate growth and yield components of a widely grown cultivated rice variety in California in response to weedy rice competition. Greenhouse competition experiments in an additive design were conducted in 2017 and 2018 to determine the growth and yield components of ‘M-206’ rice and five weedy rice biotypes found in California at varying weed densities. M-206 rice initially grew at a faster relative growth rate of 0.53 cm−1 wk−1 under competitive conditions compared with 0.47 cm−1 wk−1 in the absence of weedy rice, but absolute and relative growth rates declined more rapidly under competitive conditions as plants approached maturity. At harvest, M-206 plant height was reduced 13% under competitive conditions, and M-206 tiller number was reduced 23% to 49%, depending on the weedy rice biotype it was competing with. Except for 100-grain weight, the growth traits and grain yield components of M-206 rice were reduced with increasing density of weedy rice. At the highest weed density measured, 40 plants m−2, M-206 rice had yield losses of 69% grain yield plant−1, 69% panicle weight, 59% fresh and dry biomass, 55% grain yield panicle−1, and 54% panicle number. The five evaluated weedy rice biotypes varied widely in early growth rates, height, biomass production, and grain yield, indicating differing competitive strategies. Most weedy rice biotypes produce plants with greater plant height, tiller number, panicle number, and above- and below-ground biomass compared with cultivated rice. Weedy rice biotypes produced 45% to 57% higher grain yield per plant than M-206 rice under competitive conditions.
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CHEYGLINTED, S., S. L. RANAMUKHAARACHCHI, and G. SINGH. "Assessment of the CERES-Rice model for rice production in the Central Plain of Thailand." Journal of Agricultural Science 137, no. 3 (November 2001): 289–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859601001319.
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CERES-Rice model was used to simulate growth and yield of four common rice varieties in Thailand with the attention on rate and timing of N application, a factor that most limits crop yield. The model predicted slightly higher grain yield than that observed for all varieties at N input of 75 kg/ha, but the differences between observed and simulated yields were not significant, except for varieties HSP and SPR90. The simulated grain[ratio ]straw ratio was significantly higher than the observed value for all varieties except that of HSP. There was no significant difference between the simulated and observed values of days to flowering. Generally, the model reasonably predicted the phenology and yields of RD23 and KDML105 varieties. The model was also used to compare the yields of KDML105 variety as influenced by rate and timing of N application grown in acid sulphate soils. There was a variation in predicted biomass yield with applied N rates at 0 and 150 kg/ha, but timing of application had no effect. In Aeric Endoquept and Sulfic Tropaquept soils at Suphan Buri and Pathum Thani rice research stations, the yield patterns remained unchanged and showed a positive response to N rate up to 75 kg/ha. The model estimated higher grain yields beyond 75 kg N/ha while the observed yield decreased. Based on the simulated yields for a 10-year period at the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Pathum Thani, Suphan Buri, Nakhon Pathom and Ratcha Buri rice research stations the varieties were ranked as: SPR90 > RD23 = HSP > KDML105. The model suggested that SPR90 is the most suitable variety for the central plain and its potential yield ranges from 4030 to 5600 kg/ha. Pathum Thani province, with acid sulphate soils, had the lowest potential for rice production.
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Amgain, LP, NR Devkota, J. Timsina, and B. Bijay-Singh. "Effect of Climate Change and CO2 Concentration on Growth and Yield of Rice and Wheat in Punjab: Simulations Using CSM-CERES-Rice and CSM-CERES-Wheat Models." Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science 27 (May 1, 2006): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jiaas.v27i0.702.
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Recent trends of a decline or stagnation in the yield of rice and wheat in rice-wheat (RW) systems of the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) have raised serious concerns about the regional food security. The effect of future climate change on crop production adds to this complex problem. The validated CSM-CERES-Rice and CSM-CERES-Wheat (Ver. 4.0) data were used to test the sensitivity of the models in Punjab, India. The models were sensitive to climatic parameters (temperature, CO2 concentration, solar radiation and rainfall) on yields of both crops. Simulated rice yields were sensitive to weather as there was 13% less yield of rice in 1999 than in 2001. Similarly, simulated wheat yields were also sensitive to weather, with the highest yield in 2001, and the lowest in 2003. Increments in both maximum and minimum temperatures by 4°C, decreased rice yield by 34% and wheat yield by 4% as compared to base scenario with current weather data. By increasing 4°C for both maximum and minimum temperature along with an increase in solar radiation by 1MJ/m2/day, rice yield decreased by 32% as compared to base scenario while wheat yields were not affected. With the increase in maximum and minimum temperatures by 4°C, and also an increase in CO2 concentration by 20 ppm from the standard CO2 concentration of 335 ppm, the reduction in rice yield was 33%, but in wheat yield was only 3%. Rainfed wheat yield increased by 7%, by increasing daily rainfall by 1.5 times, and by 13%, by doubling the rainfall, both after 96 days of sowing (DAS) to maturity. Lowering rainfall to zero, for each day after 96 DAS to until maturity reduced wheat yield by 18%. The increasing maximum and minimum temperatures irrespective of whether the CO2 concentration increased or not, seemed to have more adverse effects on rice than to wheat. Simulations demonstrated that CSM-CERES-Rice and CSM-CERES- Wheat are sensitive to CO2 and climatic parameters, and can be used to study the impact of future climate change on rice and wheat productivity in RW systems in Asia.
Key words: CSM-CERES-Rice, CSM-CERES-Wheat, climate change, yield, phenology
J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 27:103-110 (2006)
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Surdianto, Yanto, Bambang Sunandar, Kurnia, and Nana Sutrisna. "Growth and productivity of new superior rice varieties and respondents’ preference in Majalengka Regency." E3S Web of Conferences 306 (2021): 01033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130601033.
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In developing new superior rice varieties, farmers’ preferences are important things to study and high yield potential. The study aimed to obtain new superior varieties of adaptive rice based on plant growth and productivity performance and determine respondents’ preferences for the varieties studied. The study was conducted in rainfed rice fields, Majalengka Regency, West Java Province, from April to August 2020. The study used a randomized block with 6 treatments: Inpari 32 varieties, Inpari 39, Inpari 42, Inpari 43, Pajajaran, and Siliwangi, and repeated 5 times. The observed parameters consisted of: growth, yield components, and yields were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at a 5% level. The respondent’s preference test for grain and rice and organoleptic characters used a Likert scale and analyzed non-parametrically (Friedman test). The results showed that the Inpari 43 variety gave the highest yield. Still, farmers preferred the Inpari 32 variety to be developed because it has characters favored by farmers (respondents), namely short plant height, a large number of tillers, thin grain shape, white rice color, and fluffier rice taste.
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Zulkifli, Nur Athirah, Teoh Chin Chuang, Ong Keat Khim, Ummul Fahri Abdul Rauf, Norliza Abu Bakar, and Wan Md Zin Wan Yunus. "Effects of simulated microgravity on rice (MR219) growth and yield." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 14, no. 2 (June 3, 2018): 278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v14n2.863.
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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food in many Asian countries with an ever increasing demand. However, the production of high quality rice seeds is insufficient to meet this demand. Research on plant growth in space related to the exposure of a microgravity environment are rare, costly and time-limited. Similar experiments can be conducted on the ground to simulate the microgravity condition using a 2-D clinostat which compensates for the unilateral influence of gravity. This study was conducted to establish a simple and cost effective technique to enhance the quality of the Malaysian rice seed variety MR 219 by using a 2-D clinostat and to determine the effects of simulated microgravity on the growth and yield of the rice seeds. The experiments were performed at different rotation speeds (2 rpm and 10 rpm) for 10 days at room temperature. The rice growth and yield parameters were measured every 2 weeks and at harvest time (day 110), respectively. The data were analysed using the MINITAB statistical software package. The mean value estimates of the parameters obtained under different conditions were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the Tukey test for multiple comparisons using a 0.05 significance level. Significant differences in the number of tiller, stem width , chlorophyll content , weight of grains and panicles and total grain weight per plant were identified at rotation speed 10 rpm when compared to rotation speed 2 rpm and control. The highest means were mainly obtained under 10 rpm clinorotated rice seeds. In general, plants grown from 10 rpm clinorotated seeds are also more resistant to rice diseases (rice blast disease, rice tungro disease and hopper burn). These results suggest that simulated microgravity using a 2-D clinostat affected several rice (MR219) growth and yield parameters significantly.
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Li, Shengchun, Yilin Zhang, Lihao Guo, and Xiaofang Li. "Impact of Tillage and Straw Treatment Methods on Rice Growth and Yields in a Rice–Ratoon Rice Cropping System." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (July 29, 2022): 9290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159290.
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The rice–ratoon rice cropping system has the advantages of saving labor and imparting economic benefits. Optimizing tillage and straw management is beneficial for improving ratoon rice growth and yield. In this study, field experiments were conducted to examine the effects of four tillage and straw managements on the growth and yield of a rice–ratoon rice cropping system in central China in 2020 to 2021. The managements included no-till with main-season and ratoon-season rice residues retained on the soil’s surface (NT+S), plow tillage with residue retention (CT+S), no-till with residues removed (NT-S), and plow tillage with residues removed (CT-S). Compared to NT, CT significantly increased yield by 33.70% and 29.12% in the main and ratoon seasons, respectively. Compared to straw removal, straw returning significantly increased yield by 13.37% and 27.29% in the main and ratoon seasons, respectively. In general, both CT and straw returning improved root function (root activity and root dry weight) and photosynthetic capacity (leaf area index, net photosynthetic rate, and leaf chlorophyll content). CT combined with straw returning was able to achieve the highest annual rice yield.
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Prabha, A. C. Surya, T. M. Thiyagaraj, and M. Senthivelu. "System of Rice Intensification Principles on Growth Parameters, Yield Attributes and Yields of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)." Journal of Agronomy 10, no. 1 (December 15, 2010): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ja.2011.27.33.
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Zhong, Xiaolong, Bingbing Zhao, Manyu Huang, Hafiz Athar Hussain, Saddam Hussain, Linjun Cai, Han Yun, Guanghua He, and Changwei Zhang. "Comparison of Growth and Yield Characteristics of Mid-Season Hybrid Rice under Different Yield Levels." Agronomy 10, no. 12 (November 27, 2020): 1876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10121876.
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Analysis of growth and yield characteristics of rice with different yield levels is very important for the breeding of high-yield rice cultivators. To investigate the yield components’ variation, morphological characteristics of the panicles, leaves, and stems of rice varieties under different yield levels, a two-year field experiment was conducted in Chongqing China. The 20 mid-season Indica hybrid rice varieties were classified into three groups based on yield, comprising high-yield group (HG), mid-yield group (MG), and low-yield group (LG). The main reason for the superior yield of HG is that the varieties of this group had a significantly higher number of effective panicles per unit area than the MG and LG. In plant type factors, the leaf type factors were the most important reason causing yield difference of HG, MG, and LG. The average leaf roll index, average leaf length to width ratio, average leaf base angle, average leaf droop angle, and average leaf pillow distance of the upper three leaves were significantly or significantly negatively correlated with the yield, while the average leaf width, average leaf area, and the average distance of leaf edge were significantly or significantly positively correlated with yield, and the leaf droop angle was the most important plant type factor affecting the yield. Based on these results, we further quantified the plant type factors of HG and constructed an ideal plant type model for high-yield hybrid mid-season rice. Theoretical and practical basis could be provided for breeding mid-season Indica hybrid rice with super-high yield in the future to ensure food security.
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Zhang, Lijuan, Jinxia Wang, Tianhe Sun, and Xialin Wang. "Impacts of Climate Change on the Mean and Variance of Indica and Japonica Rice Yield in China." Agronomy 12, no. 12 (December 3, 2022): 3062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12123062.
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The overall goal of this study was to examine the impacts of climate change on the mean and variance of rice yields in China by using historical climate and crop data. An econometric model was established to estimate Just–Pope stochastic production functions and identify the potential impacts of climate change on the mean and variance of rice yields by type, keeping other factors constant. Based on the estimated production functions, the contribution rate of climatic factors to rice yield was then assessed by conducting the growth accounting of yields over the past 30 years. The results showed that both the mean rice yield and the yield variability were influenced by changes in the mean climate conditions and climatic variance. In the future, the impacts of climate change on rice yields will depend on local regions’ present climatic conditions. The results have implications for improving the adaptation capacity of rice production.
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Jumakir, Jumakir, and Endrizal Endrizal. "Respon Penambahan Pupuk Hayati terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Padi Sawah." Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal : Journal of Suboptimal Lands 8, no. 2 (October 16, 2019): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33230/jlso.8.2.2019.446.
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Jumakir J, Endrizal E. 2019. Response of biological fertilizer addition to growth and results of rice field. Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal: Journal of Suboptimal Lands. 8(2):173-180. The research objectives were to determine the effect or response of the addition of biological fertilizers to the growth and yield of rice, to determine the most effective type of biological fertilizer. This study was conducted in irrigated rice field of Sri Agung Village, Batang Asam sub District, West Tanjung Jabung District, Jambi Province in dry season 2016. The design was Randomized Block Design (RBD) with six treatments and three replications with 5 mx 10 m plot area, implemented in a farmer area of 1200 m2. The results of the analysis based on the analysis of variance showed significant and unreal differences in growth and yield of rice. The addition of biological fertilizer provided higher growth and yields than without biological fertilizer. Provibio biofertilizer is the most effective biofertilizer that can provide the highest rice yield and the use of biofertilizer can save 50% recommended NPK fertilizer.
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V, Arthi, M. V. Sriramachandrasekharan, R. Manivannan, and Arumugam Shakila. "Enhancement of agronomic traits and yield of rice var. ADT 43 grown in typic ustifluvent soil through silicon fertilization." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 13, no. 3 (September 15, 2021): 1052–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13i3.2803.
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Rice is a rich accumulator of silicon and its supply is essential for the growth and economic yield of rice. Hence, a field experiment was conducted in sandy clay loam soil belonging to Padugai series (Typic ustifluvent) at farmers holding in Kuttalam block, Mayiladuthurai district, Tamil Nadu to assess the role of silicon in improving agronomic characters and yield of rice ADT 43, Oryza sativa. The treatments included T1 - Recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), T2 - RDF + Potassium silicate (FS) - 0.25%, T3- RDF + FS - 0.50%, T4 - RDF +FS - 1.00%, T5 -RDF + FS - 0.25%, T6 - RDF + FS - 0.50%, T7 - RDF + FS - 1.00%, T8 - RDF + SA - 50 kg ha-1, T9 - RDF + SA - 100 kg ha-1 and T10 - RDF + SA- 150 kg ha-1. From T2 to T4, the foliar spray was done at tillering stage and from T5 to T7, the foliar spray was done at tillering and panicle initiation stage. The silicon was applied through FS with the rice crop. The soil application of silicon relatively recorded higher growth and yield compared to foliar application. Besides improving different agronomic characters of the rice, the soil application of 50 kg Si ha-1 registered the highest grain yield (6183.3 kg ha-1) and straw yield (6740 kg ha-1) and was comparable with a single foliar spray of 1% Si. Growth and rice yield increased with Si concentration of 0.25% to 1%. Thus, the soil application of silicon @50 kg ha-1 through potassium silicate is advocated to realize maximum rice yield.
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Kareem, Isiaka, Mohd Razi Ismail, Adam Puteh, Mahamoud Abdillahi Rabileh, Saliu Adeyemi Kareem, and Alasinrin Sikiru Yusuf. "Growth and Yield of Rice Under Different Priming Media." NIPES Journal of Science and Technology Research 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.37933/nipes/2.2.2020.6.
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Kareem, Isiaka, Mohd Razi Ismail, Adam Puteh, Mahamoud Abdillahi Rabileh, Saliu Adeyemi Kareem, and Alasinrin Sikiru Yusuf. "Growth and Yield of Rice Under Different Priming Media." NIPES - Journal of Energy Technology and Environment 3, no. 2 (December 6, 2021): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37933/nipes.e/3.2.2021.6.
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Isawa, Tsuyoshi, Michiko Yasuda, Hirotoshi Awazaki, Kiwamu Minamisawa, Satoshi Shinozaki, and Hideo Nakashita. "Azospirillum sp. Strain B510 Enhances Rice Growth and Yield." Microbes and Environments 25, no. 1 (2010): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1264/jsme2.me09174.
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Mishra, H. S., T. R. Rathore, and R. C. Pant. "Root growth, water potential, and yield of irrigated rice." Irrigation Science 17, no. 2 (February 17, 1997): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002710050024.
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Qin, J., X. Wang, F. Hu, and H. Li. "Growth and physiological performance responses to drought stress under non-flooded rice cultivation with straw mulching." Plant, Soil and Environment 56, No. 2 (February 26, 2010): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/157/2009-pse.
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A field experiment was performed to investigate the growth performance and the growth stage-dependent changes in activities of antioxidative enzymes and concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in leaves of rice subjected to treatment with (NF-M) or without straw mulching (NF-WM) under non-flooded conditions compared with continuously flooded treatment (CF). Compared with the NF-WM treatment, mulch application significantly increased the flag leaf area per plant before heading, tillers number and plant height at the early period of tillering stage. There was no significant difference between the yield of the NF-WM and CF treatment. However, the yield of NF-WM treatment was significantly lower than CF and NF-M treatments. Significantly higher activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) but lower concentration of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were observed in straw mulching treatment than in treatment without mulching at elongation, heading and grain filling stages. The change tendency of antioxidant enzyme activity and MDA level was in line both with soil moisture status and rice yields of different treatments.
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Chen, Yong, Xuefeng Shen, and Yue Fang. "Fenclorim effects on rice germination and yield." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 93, no. 2 (March 2013): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2012-243.
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Chen, Y., Shen, X. and Fang, Y. 2013. Fenclorim effects on rice germination and yield. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 237–241. Weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) is a serious problem in rice-producing areas. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the safener fenclorim on rice seed germination and yield when used in conjunction with the pre-emergent herbicide pretilachlor in the growth chamber and in the field. Rice seed germination was accelerated by soaking seeds in fenclorim (0.67 g L−1), and pretilachlor (0, 450, 900, 1800, 3600 and 7200 g a.i. ha−1) was applied 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after sowing in a growth chamber. Seeds were also soaked in fenclorim, and then pretilachlor was sprayed (0, 450 and 900 g a.i. ha−1) 1 h after sowing in the field. The percentage of seedling germination for cultured rice was significantly increased by soaking in fenclorim prior to application of the pre-emergence herbicide pretilachlor compared with the control in the growth chamber. The application of the safener fenclorim increased rice yield by 56% and 50% in treatments with 450 and 900 g a.i. hm−2 pre-emergence pretilachlor, respectively, and the weed population, height, and dry matter production were significantly reduced by pretilachlor application.
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Lai, Lai, Mohd Razi Ismail, Farrah Melissa Muharam, Martini Mohammad Yusof, Roslan Ismail, and Noraini Md Jaafar. "Effects of Rice Straw Biochar and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Rice Growth and Yield." Asian Journal of Crop Science 9, no. 4 (September 15, 2017): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajcs.2017.159.166.
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YANG, Yong, Hong-cheng ZHANG, Xiao-jun HU, Qi-gen DAI, and Yong-jiang ZHANG. "Characteristics of Growth and Yield Formation of Rice in Rice-Fish Farming System." Agricultural Sciences in China 5, no. 2 (February 2006): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1671-2927(06)60026-6.
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Dhillon, Buta Singh, Virender Kumar, Pardeep Sagwal, Navjyot Kaur, Gurjit Singh Mangat, and Sudhanshu Singh. "Seed Priming with Potassium Nitrate and Gibberellic Acid Enhances the Performance of Dry Direct Seeded Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in North-Western India." Agronomy 11, no. 5 (April 27, 2021): 849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11050849.
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Poor early growth and uneven crop establishment are reported as the major bottlenecks in wide-scale adoption and optimal yield realization of dry direct-seeded rice (DSR). Seed priming can potentially help overcome these problems in DSR. Therefore, laboratory and field studies were conducted at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India, during kharif/wet-season 2018 and 2019 to evaluate the effect of different priming techniques on germination, establishment, growth, and grain yield of rice under DSR conditions. The following priming treatments were evaluated: dry non-primed seed (control), hydropriming with distilled water, halopriming with 2.0% potassium nitrate, hormopriming with 50 ppm gibberellic acid (GA3), and osmopriming with polyethylene glycol (PEG)(−0.6 MPa), each with 12 and 24 h priming duration. In 2019, priming treatments were tested under two DSR establishment methods—conventional DSR (sowing in dry soil followed by irrigation) and soil mulch DSR (locally known as vattar DSR) (sowing in moist soil after pre-sowing irrigation), whereas in 2018, priming treatments were evaluated under conventional DSR only. In both years, halopriming and hormopriming resulted in a 7–11% increase in rice yields compared to non-primed dry seed (control). Osmopriming resulted in a 4% yield increase compared to control in 2018 but not in 2019. The higher yields in halopriming and hormopriming were attributed to higher and rapid germination/crop emergence, better root growth, and improvement in yield attributes. Priming effect on crop emergence, growth, and yield did not differ by DSR establishment methods and duration of priming. Conventional DSR and soil mulch DSR did not differ in grain yield, whereas they differed in crop emergence, growth, and yield attributes. These results suggest that halopriming with 2.0% potassium nitrate and hormopriming with 50 ppm GA3 has good potential to improve crop establishment and yield of rice in both conventional and soil mulch DSR systems.
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Tao, Zui, Ruichun Zhang, Jiana Chen, Fangbo Cao, Longsheng Liu, Ming Zhang, and Min Huang. "Changes in Grain Yield and Yield Attributes Due to Cultivar Development in Indica Inbred Rice in China." Agronomy 12, no. 10 (October 18, 2022): 2541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12102541.
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Inbred rice has been grown more and more widely, while the planting area of hybrid rice has decreased by approximately 25% in China since 1995. This study aimed to assess the changes in grain yield and yield attributes due to cultivar development in indica (Oryza sativa ssp. indica) inbred rice in China. Field experiments were conducted in 2019 and 2020 to determine the performance of grain yield and yield attributes of an indica super inbred rice cultivar Jinnongsimiao (JNSM) released in 2010 by comparing it with an indica high-yielding inbred rice cultivar Guichao 2 (GC2) released in 1978 and an indica super hybrid rice cultivar Y-liangyou 900 (YLY900) released in 2016. Results showed that JNSM produced 18% higher grain yield than GC2 but 6% lower grain yield than YLY900. Compared with GC2, JNSM had higher spikelets per panicle, spikelet-filling percentage, and harvest index by 67%, 4%, and 11%, respectively. Compared with YLY900, JNSM had 14% lower grain weight and 19% lower biomass production during the pre-heading period. The difference in biomass production during the pre-heading period between JNSM and YLY900 was explained more by crop growth rate than growth duration. This study suggests that (1) the recently released indica super inbred rice cultivar JNSM outyields the old indica high-yielding inbred rice cultivar GC2 as a result of increasing panicle size, spikelet-filling percentage, and harvest index, and (2) further improvement in grain yield in indica inbred rice can be achieved by improving biomass production through promoting pre-heading crop growth.