Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Growth and yield of rice'
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1
Seal, Charlotte Elizabeth. "Growth, yield and grain carbohydrate : metabolism of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under sodium chloride salt stress." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270329.
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Yoshida, Hiroe. "Modeling and simulation studies on the determination process of genotypic and environmental variations in growth and yield in rice." Kyoto University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/136612.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第13885号
農博第1700号
新制||農||955(附属図書館)
学位論文||H20||N4352(農学部図書室)
UT51-2008-C801
京都大学大学院農学研究科農学専攻
(主査)教授 白岩 立彦, 教授 谷坂 隆俊, 教授 縄田 栄治
学位規則第4条第1項該当
3
Musa, Mukhtar. "Growth variables, yield and nitrogen fixation of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc.) landraces at different rates of Christmas Island Rock Phosphate and rice biochar on tropical acid soils." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/39204/.
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Bambara groundnut presents a great adaptation potential for mitigating climate change and as a potential alternative crop for the future in its production regions and beyond. Experiments were conducted at the Field Research Centre of the Crops for the Future and the Screenhouse of the University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus to determine the growth variables, yield and nitrogen fixation of Bambara groundnut landraces at different rates of Christmas Island Rock Phosphate and rice biochar in the study area. The treatments consisted of three Bambara groundnut landraces [Ex-Sokoto, Kaaro and NN-1, for which two (Ex-Sokoto and Kaaro) were maintained after the first experiment], two biochar levels (0 and 10 t ha-1) and four levels of rock phosphate (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg P2O5 ha-1, the equivalent of 0, 555.6, 1111.1 and 1666.7 kg ha-1 Christmas Island Rock Phosphate). The treatments in experiment 1 and 3 were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated three times, whereas experiment 2 was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) replicated three times. For all the experiments, data were collected on growth, yield and nitrogen fixation of the crop. The results obtained revealed grain yield and N fixed ranging from 703-2256 kg ha-1 and 32-81 kg ha-1, respectively in experiment 1, 13.2-18.0 g plant-1 and 587-894 mg plant-1, respectively in experiment 2 and 891-1220 kg ha-1 and 101.6-103.4 kg ha-1, respectively in experiment 3, which are comparable to the yields obtained in other regions. Hence, Bambara groundnut can adapt to the tropical acid soil and the growing conditions in the study area. The two field experiments confirm Ex-Sokoto landrace to perform better in the study area in terms of yield than Kaaro landrace. Growing Bambara groundnut and returning the residues (haulm + shells) back to the soil resulted in net addition of N to the soil in the range of 1 to 25.6 kg ha-1, 150-261 mg plant-1 and 63.3-74.1 kg ha-1 observed in experiment 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Application of biochar increased the yield and nitrogen fixation of the crop in the study area. However, the effect of rock phosphate application on the yield and N fixation of the crop was only observed in the screenhouse studies and was optimum at the application rate of 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 (0.56 g kg-1 soil). Thus, Ex-Sokoto landrace could be recommended for grain yield in the study area. Application of biochar at 10 t ha-1 alone was optimum for increased yield of the crop. The implication of the study is that farmers in the study area could apply 10 t ha-1 of biochar on Ex-Sokoto landrace to enhance the yield of the crop.
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Niang, Abibou [Verfasser]. "Rice yield gaps in West Africa / Abibou Niang." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2019. http://d-nb.info/118688858X/34.
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Alghamdi, Mohammed A. M. "Plant growth regulators effects on vegative growth, yield and yield components in winter wheat." Thesis, University of Reading, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.553077.
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Three glasshouse experiments and one field experiment were carried out to investigate the effect of the plant growth regulator on vegetative growth and yield components of reduced height isogenic lines of the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Mercia. The first experiment compared the growth regulator response of seven isogenic lines of Mercia. Subsequent experiments used four lines, (Mercia control, Rhtl Rht2, and Rht8). Two glasshouse experiments examined the responses under well watered and water stress conditions. The third glasshouse experiment examined rates and time of application under well watered conditions, whilst the field experiment had different rates of application. In all experiments growth regulators reduced plant height significantly in all lines. Growth regulator decreased total dry matter and grain yield with greatest reduction generally for the control and Rht8 lines. Rhtl was the least affected. There were few significant effects of growth regulator on gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence but the trend was for greater values with growth regulator. In the first glasshouse experiment, a rate of 2.0 1 ha-1 applied just before the third node detectable stage under non water stressed and water stressed conditions gave slight increases in yield of up to 14% except for line Rht10 which increased significantly in non-stressed conditions. In the second glasshouse experiment, a rate of 2.5 1 ha" applied at the start of stem elongation under 30% FC and 100% FC gave reductions in yield up to 16% for the growth regulator and 55% under water stress. In the field experiment, rates of 2.5 and 3.0 1 ha-1 applied at the start of stem elongation gave reductions in yield up to 20% mainly through individual seed weight. In the final glasshouse experiment, rates of 2.5 and 3.0 1 ha-l applied at 6 leaves unfolded and 1st node detectable both reduced grain yield.
6
Nantiyakul, Nantaprapa. "Processing rice bran to yield added-value oil based extracts." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12669/.
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Rice bran, a by-product from rice milling, is an excellent source of natural antioxidants. Lipids in rice bran appear as small spherical droplets called oil bodies. This work attempted to recover the oil bodies from rice bran (fresh, stored and heat-treated) and to determine their chemical, biochemical and physical properties ex vivo. As revealed by transmission electron microscopy, oil bodies were observed mainly in the sub-aleurone and aleurone layer of brown rice. Oil bodies were successfully recovered from rice bran and were enriched in tocochromanols and oryzanol (656 - 1,006 mg/kg lipid and 8,880 - 9,692 mg/kg lipid respectively). Further washing to remove extraneous protein and non-associated compounds, effective lipid concentration increased while protein concentration decreased. The washed oil body preparation contained approximately 35 - 68 % tocochromanols and 60 - 62 % oryzanol of the parent rice bran oil. Therefore, the majority of tocochromanols and oryzanol molecules appeared to be intrinsically associated with rice bran oil bodies ex vivo. Fatty acid composition of rice bran oil bodies was similar to that of parent rice bran. SDS-PAGE of proteins present in differentially washed oil body preparations revealed similar protein profiles; however, there was a relative enrichment of the bands at 16 - 18 kDa (typical molecular weight of oleosins). Rice bran oil bodies possessed negatively charged surface (-30 mV) at neutral pH. As the pH of the oil body suspension was lowered to the pH near pI (about pH 4 - 5), zeta potential of the oil bodies approached zero and the suspension had the least physical stability; aggregation and the least relative turbidity. The biochemical instability of rice occurs immediately after milling, which leads to the limited use of rice bran for human consumption. Free fatty acids and lipid hydroperoxides in rice bran and corresponding oil bodies increased significantly (P<0.05) during storage. Oil bodies recovered from stored rice bran aggregated and coalesced. 41% of tocochromanols in the oil bodies had decomposed while the concentration of oryzanol was relatively stable during the storage. Rice bran heat treatments (pan roasting and extrusion) caused the coalescence of oil bodies in vivo and the instability of an oil body suspension ex vivo. The main findings of this study were that rice bran oil bodies were enriched in phytochemicals including tocochromanols and oryzanol and were resistant to oxidation providing that the oil bodies were still intact. The oil bodies could delay the onset of lipid oxidation of stored lipids inside the oil bodies. This may be explained by the physical barrier of surface membrane protein (oleosin) against pro-oxidants and the intrinsic association between the oil bodies and phytochemicals in rice bran.
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Roel, Dellazoppa Alvaro. "Factors underlying grain yield spatiotemporal variability in California rice fields /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2003. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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McGrady, J., W. Coates, K. Jordan, and P. Tilt. "Pepper Transplant Uniformity, Growth and Yield." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/221237.
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Fernandes, Raquel Martins. "Efeito da temperatura e humidade no rendimento industrial de arroz das variedades Ariete, Euro, Gládio e Sírio. Estágio Curricular realizado na empresa Ernesto Morgado." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11108.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Alimentar - Processamento de Alimentos - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaThe rice is an essential food for more than half of the worldwide population, therefore, that’s important to study the processing and the factors that influence. The present Project it is focused in the effects of the moisture and temperature in the rice processing, mainly, in the formation of broken grains, in four varieties of rice (Ariete, Euro, Gládio and Sírio), having as main objective to maximize the industrial yield and to minimize the percentage of broken rice in the four varieties. Insomuch, four levels of moisture content had been studied (9%, 10%, 10,9% and interval enter 11 - 12%), to drying in a laboratory air dryer and storage at two temperatures, 10ºC and 40ºC, in a chamber of refrigeration and climate chamber, respectively. After a time period in these conditions, proceeded to husking and milling of the samples of rice and consequent determination of the industrial yield and percentage of broken rice. It was verified that the temperature did not influence significant the industrial yield and the percentage of broken rice, however, the temperature of 10ºC was slightly more favorable. The parameter industrial yield is influenced by the variety of rice and humidity, being higher in the varieties of the Indica subspecies (Gládio and Sírio) with higher moisture content. Concerning the percentage of broken grains, the variety is the factor that had the most influence, however does not have a linear behavior between varieties of the same subspecies
10
Takai, Toshiyuki. "Studies on eco-physiological and genetic determinants of yield potential in rice." Kyoto University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/144419.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第11950号
農博第1531号
新制||農||920(附属図書館)
学位論文||H17||N4095(農学部図書室)
23739
UT51-2006-B129
京都大学大学院農学研究科農学専攻
(主査)教授 堀江 武, 教授 谷坂 隆俊, 教授 山末 祐二
学位規則第4条第1項該当
11
Masip, Vilà Gemma. "Towards engineering of photosynthesis in rice." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399639.
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The yields of major crops, such as rice, have reached a plateau and are unlikely to meet the global demand for food, mostly in developing countries. Increasing rice photosynthesis has been identified as an approach to enhance rice yield. . In the present study, I used two different strategies to create a population of transgenic plants expressing different combination of genes aiming to increase the capacity of rice to fix carbon dioxide during photosynthesis and thus produce rice with enhanced biomass, which is an important trait related to grain yield. I created a population of transgenic rice plants expressing the glycolate catabolic pathway to investigate if this pathway might be able to increase the biomass of rice. In a series of alternative experiments I introduced a carbon concentrating mechanism (CCM) into rice. I conclude that the introduction of the glycolate catabolic bypass pathway or carbonic anhydrases into rice might be a useful approach to increase the yield of rice plants.El rendimiento de los cultivos mayoritarios, como el arroz esta llegado a su límite y es probable que no sea suficiente para abastecer la demanda global de alimentos, sobre todo en los países en vías de desarrollo. El incremento de la capacidad fotosintética del arroz, ha sido identificado como un posible método para aumentar su rendimiento. En este estudio, he utilizado dos estrategias diferentes para crear un grupo de plantas transgénicas que expresen combinaciones diferentes de genes, con el objetivo de aumentar la capacidad de fijación del dióxido de carbono del arroz durante la fotosíntesis, para así generar un arroz con un incremento en la biomasa total, siendo el aumento en la producción de grano, uno de los caracteres más importantes. He generado un conjunto de plantas de arroz transgénicas que expresan la ruta catabólica del glicolato, con la finalidad de investigar si esta vía catabólica puede ser capaz de aumentar la biomasa en arroz. En una serie de experimentos alternativos introduje las características de un mecanismo de fijación de carbono (CCM) en la planta de arroz. Concluyo indicando que la introducción de la ruta catabólica del glicolato o de las anhidrasas carbónicas en arroz puede ser un método útil para aumentar el rendimiento de estas plantas.
El rendiment dels cultius majoritaris, com l'arròs està arribant al seu límit i és probable que no sigui suficient per proveir la demanda global d'aliments, sobretot en aquells països que es troben en vies de desenvolupament. Incrementar la capacitat fotosintètica de l'arròs, ha estat identificat com un possible mètode per augmentar el rendiment d’aquesta planta. En el present estudi, he utilitzat dues estratègies diferents per crear un grup de plantes transgèniques que expressin combinacions diferents de gens amb l'objectiu d'augmentar la capacitat fixadora de diòxid de carboni de l'arròs durant la fotosíntesi i així generar un arròs que sigui capaç d’augmentar la seva biomassa total, sent l’augment en la producció de gra un dels caràcters més importants. He regenerat un conjunt de plantes d'arròs transgèniques que expressen la ruta catabòlica del glicolat amb la finalitat d'investigar si aquesta via catabòlica pot ser capaç d'augmentar la biomassa en arròs. En una sèrie d'experiments alternatius vaig introduir les característiques d'un mecanisme de fixació de carboni (CCM) a les plantes d'arròs. Concloc la meva tesi indicant que la introducció de la ruta catabòlica del glicolat o de les anhidrases carbòniques en l’arròs pot ser un mètode útil per augmentar el rendiment d'aquestes plantes.
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Zubaidi, Akhmad. "Growth and yield of durum and bread wheat." Title page, contents and summary only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09A/09az93.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 148-160. A series of experiments was conducted to examine the growth and nutrient uptake of durum and bread wheat at a number of sites in South Australia. The experiments examined response to water stress, the pattern of root and shoot growth, soil water extraction and nutrient uptake among a range of adapted bread wheat and durum wheat cultivars.
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Ibrahim, Ali Kadium. "Studies on the growth and yield of chickpea." Thesis, Bangor University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.480707.
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Huhmann, Brittany Lynn. "Mitigating the impacts of arsenic on human health and rice yield in Bangladesh." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120601.
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Thesis: Ph. D. in Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2018.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Naturally-occurring groundwater arsenic can threaten human health and food security. In Bangladesh, >50 million people are estimated to have chronically consumed water with arsenic above the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline of 10 μg/L, which can contribute to cancer, cardiovascular disease, and reproductive and developmental effects. Studies relating arsenic exposure to health impacts generally estimate dose based on participants' primary household wells. Using a mass-balance for arsenic and water, we estimate that participants in Araihazar, Bangladesh obtain 37±8% of their water from primary household wells and 31±14% from other wells, and we thus recommend the inclusion of other wells in dose estimation. Concentrations of arsenic in well water are spatially variable, enabling many exposed households to switch to nearby lower-arsenic wells in response to area-wide well testing. Following well testing and education in Araihazar, arsenic exposure declined and remained lowered for at least eight years. Participants with arsenic-unsafe wells were 6.8 times more likely to switch wells over the first two years and 1.4-1.8 times more likely to switch wells over the ensuing decade. Rice comprises more than 70% of calories consumed in Bangladesh, and rice yield is negatively impacted by the buildup of arsenic in soil from irrigation with high-arsenic water. We investigated the effect of soil arsenic on yield using a controlled study design where we exchanged the top 15 cm of soil between high-arsenic and low-arsenic plots. Differences in yield were negatively correlated to differences in soil arsenic between adjacent soil replacement and control plots, suggesting that boro rice yield countrywide may be diminished by 7-26% due to arsenic in soil. Soil testing and removal of high-arsenic soil may enable farmers to mitigate the impacts of arsenic on rice. Twelve measurements made with the ITS Econo-Quick field kit could be used to estimate whether soil arsenic was above or below a 30 mg/kg intervention threshold with 80-90% accuracy. A soil inversion, where deep low-arsenic soil was exchanged with surface high-arsenic soil, decreased soil arsenic, organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentrations by about 40% in the top 20 cm of soil and improved rice yield by 15-30%.
by Brittany Lynn Huhmann.
Ph. D. in Environmental Engineering
15
Baker, Sheila Lorraine. "Effect of water on micronutrient content and yield in rice (Oryza sativa L.)." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2009. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/170.
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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important crop in many countries. According to the IRRI, more than 2 billion people globally depend on rice as a staple food (Dawe, et al. 2003). Studies on micronutrient content in rice and the effect of water in availability of the nutrients may aid in decreasing global nutrient deficiencies. Rice is grown under different water regimes such as AWD and intermittent flooding, sprinkler and furrow irrigation. A greenhouse pot experiment of rice utilizing a split plot design under different water regimes was conducted to assess the affect of water on (1) DTPA extractable soil micronutrients Fe, Mn Cu and Zn; (2) stem micronutrient concentration and uptake of rice (Oryza sativa L.) alone and with ground legume incorporated; and (3) yield of rice. The water regimes included: (1) rice pots watered to field capacity, or well-drained (drain); (2) pots submerged for 3 weeks, dried down for 1 week, then re-submerged for three weeks, or alternate wet and dry (AWD); and (3) continuous flooded (flood) conditions. A preliminary study which examined vegetative yield and micronutrient uptake of rice, faba beans, and sesbania using two different soils (Zaca clay and a loam) under flooded and drained conditions was conducted. Ground sesbania from the exploratory experiment was used for the study to explore the effects of organic matter (OM) on yield and micronutrient content. All DTPA extractable soil micronutrients except Zn were highest in the flood and AWD water treatments and in the lowest pH value. The DTPA extractable Zn values in the drain water treatment were twice as high as the AWD and flood water treatments. Stem Zn concentration was highest in drained, whereas Fe, Mn and Cu stem concentration were highest in AWD and flood treatments. Addition of sesbania incorporated into the soil only affected Mn soil micronutrient concentration, where Mn soil content was observed to be higher in the flood treatment with sesbania incorporated into the soil. Grain weight and grain to stem ratio were significantly increased by AWD and flood water treatments (p<0.05). Organic matter (sesbania) incorporated into the soil did not affect Fe, Mn, Cu or Zn stem to grain ratio. A comparison of stem concentration to grain yield highlighted the effects of Mn and Zn content on yield. Manganese stem content was highest in AWD and flood treatments where grain yield and grain to stem ratio were highest, while Zn content was lowest in AWD and flood treatments. Zinc stem content was highest in the drain treatment.
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Egeh, Mohamud H. "Modeling corn growth, development and yield under Québec conditions." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0028/MQ50761.pdf.
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Egeh, Mohamud H. "Modeling corn growth, development and yield under Québec conditions." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21546.
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The use of crop growth simulation models such asthose incorporated into Decision Support Systems for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) are useful tools for assessing the impacts of various management practices on crop productivity. The maize growth model of DSSAT is CERES-maize. To evaluate its predictive capability under western Quebec conditions, data on corn (Zea mays L.) yield and above-ground biomass were collected from a field-scale water table management experiment conducted during the 1996 and 1997 growing seasons at St. Emmanuel, Soulanges County, Quebec. The model was calibrated using various crop growth and development data observed during the 1996 growing season. Cultivar-specific coefficients were determined during the calibration. All measured data on phenology, grain yield and biomass collected in 1997 were used for model validation.Validation results showed good agreement between predicted and measured yields. In 1996, the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) was 0.64 and 0.66 Mg/ha for the free drainage plots with 200 kg/ha N (FD200) and 120 kg/ha N (FD120), respectively. In 1997, the RMSE for FD200 and FD120 were 1.07 and 1.23 Mg/ha respectively. However, the model overpredicted the biomass for 1997, and grain number for both FD200 and FD120 treatments in both years. The mean difference (MD) between simulated and observed biomass at maturity was statistically significant at (P < 0.01) for both treatments. Sensitivity analyses showed that the CERES-Maize model was most sensitive to changes in air temperature. The model was also sensitive to soil water and crop genetic parameters.
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Kasim, K. K. "Growth and yield of Vicia faba L. under shade." Thesis, University of Reading, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370844.
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Raymond, Fred Douglas. "Reducing Corn Yield Variability and Enhancing Yield Increases Through the Use of Corn-Specific Growth Models." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36304.
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Crop simulation models (CSMs) are used to evaluate management and environmental scenarios on crop growth and yields. Two corn (Zea Mays L.) crop growth simulation models, Hybrid-Maize, and CERES-Maize were calibrated and validated under Virginia conditions with the goal of better understanding corn response to variable environmental conditions and decreasing temporal yield variation. Calibration data were generated from small plot studies conducted at five site-years. Main plots were plant density (4.9, 6.2, 7.4, and 8.6 plants m-2); subplots were hybrids of differing relative maturity (RM) [early = Pioneer® Brand â 34B97â (108 day RM); medium = Pioneer® Brand â 33M54â (114 day RM); and late = Pioneer® Brand â 31G66â (118 day RM)]. Model validation was generated from large scale, replicated strip plot trials conducted at various locations across Virginia in 2005 and 2006. Prior to model adjustments based on calibration data, both CSMs under predicted corn grain yield in calibration and validation studies. CERES-Maize grain yield prediction error was consistent across the range of tested plant density while accuracy of Hybrid-Maize varied with plant density. Hybrid-Maize-estimated biomass production was highly accurate. Greater leaf area index (LAI) and biomass production were measured than was predicted by the CERES-Maize CSM. Both CSMs were modified based on calibration data sets and validated. Validation results of the calibrated CSMs showed improved accuracy in simulating planting date and environmental effects on a range of corn hybrids grown throughout Virginia over two years. We expect that both modified models can be used for strategic research and management decisions in mid-Atlantic corn production.Master of Science
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Aben, Silvestre Keith. "Influence of elevated COÒ partial pressure on early growth and development of rice /." View thesis View thesis, 2000. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030522.173813/index.html.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 2000.A thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Centre for Horticulture and Plant Sciences, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 2000. Bibliography : leaves 178-207.
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Soomro, M. H. "The effects of plant parasitic nematodes and plant growth regulators on root growth of graminacious plants." Thesis, University of Reading, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378682.
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Ottman, Michael J., Michael D. Sheedy, and Richard W. Ward. "Evaluation of Palisade as a Plant Growth Regulator in Durum, 2016." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625424.
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3 pp.Lodging has historically been a problem in small grain production. Palisade is a relatively new plant growth regulator that has shown some promise in reducing lodging. The effect of Palisade on height and lodging of durum, and subsequent yield was tested in a study at the Maricopa Ag Center. Plant height was not affected by Palisade since the chemical was applied at boot, one stage past the recommended window where the plant was near maximum height. Lodging was reduced from 83 to 61% and 28 to 8% under the high and medium input growing conditions, respectively. Grain yield was increased from 4481 to 6152 lb/acre and 5600 to 7330 lb/acre under high and medium input growing conditions, respectively. Palisade is effective in reducing but not eliminating lodging, and can have a large impact on yield as in this study.
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Nelson, Suzanne Cathleen 1956. "Effects of water, nitrogen, and competition on growth, yield and yield components of field-grown tepary bean." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/192017.
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Tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray) was grown in Tucson, Arizona during the summer rainy seasons of 1987 and 1988. Effects of water and nitrogen on growth, yield and yield components were evaluated in 1987. In 1988, effects of water and intercrop competition with Sonoran panicgrass (Panicum sonorum Beal) were evaluated. Total shoot biomass, seed yields and pod yields were significantly reduced by lack of applied water in both 1987 and 1988. Seeds pod⁻¹ were unaffected by lack of applied water in both 1987 and 1988 while mean seed weight was significantly reduced for rainfed treatments relative to irrigated treatments in 1987 but not in 1988. In 1987, addition of nitrogen had no significant effect on total shoot biomass, seed yield or yield components. In 1988, intercrop competition significantly reduced total shoot biomass, seed and pod yields of tepary bean. Seeds pod⁻¹ and mean seed weight were not affected by competition.
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Ashraf, Zakira Naureen. "Identification of rhizobacteria from rice and maize for plant growth promotion and biological control of rice diseases." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.578244.
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The scope of this study was the selection of bacterial strains from rice and maize and evaluation of their potential for plant growth promotion and biological control of rice diseases. 103 bacterial strains isolated from roots, rhizosphere and soil of rice and maize were assayed for production of siderophores, antibiotics, hydrolytic enzymes and HCN. From these, 33 strains were found to produce siderophores, eight were capable of producing diffusible antibiotics and four produced volatile antibiotics, while only one strain was found to produce HCN. Dual culture antagonistic assays were used to select strains capable of inhibiting growth of three major rice pathogens, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (bacterial blight), Rhizoctonia solani (sheath blight) and Magnaporthe grisea (rice blast). When inoculated into soils, a number of strains suppressed the incidence of rice blast and sheath blight diseases in two different rice varieties. A strong correlation between siderophore production and in vitro antagonism was found, which extended to biocontrol assays for rice blast disease in the variety Super Basmati, but not Azucena, suggesting that bacterial strains use different mechanisms in suppressing the same pathogen in different rice varieties. As there was no direct contact between the pathogen and bacterial strains, the proposed mechanism for disease suppreSSIOn is induced systemic resistance (ISR). Gene expression analysis for sheath blight experiments confirmed the enhanced induction of chitinase IIb and the peroxidase P0X22.3 by selected bacterial strains. Selected bacterial strains from rice were also observed to enhance plant growth and yield, and this may be related to their ability to fix nitrogen (detected by acetylene reduction assay), solubilize phosphates and/or produce auxin. This study led to the isolation, selection and evaluation of potentially useful bacterial strains from rice and maize that were genetically diverse and persistently abundant in the rhizosphere and can be further utilized for integrated pest management of rice. Moreover, as these strains are . also capable of improving plant health and enhancing grain yield, they could be further utilized either individually or in consortia for integrated nutrient management of rice and maize.
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Salmins, Sandra S. (Sandra Sylvia). "Apple tree growth and yield in alternative ground management systems." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=68256.
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Dwarf apple tree growth and yield under several non-herbicidal ground management systems were compared. Six ground cover systems were established in two newly planted orchards. After two growing seasons, trees in the straw mulch and geotextile mulch treatments had larger trunk cross-sectional areas and more shoot growth than trees in the red fescue and insectary plant cover treatments. Growth of trees under the manure mulch and cultivation treatments was intermediate. When four of the systems were established along rows of five-year old trees in an existing orchard, the increase in trunk cross-sectional area over two growing seasons was greatest for trees in the manure mulch and straw mulch followed by tose in geotextile mulch, trees in the red fescue grew least. The use of a mulch, such as straw or geotextile, has a favourable effect on growth and has potential for use in organic orchards.
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Hansford, Rachael J. "Effect of AM colonization on growth and yield in potato." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400721.
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This thesis aims to investigate the effect AM fungal inoculation and subsequent colonisation on the growth and tuber yield of potato. Different AM fungal inocula used produced different responses. Some fungal inocula did not colonise potato roots at all, even in suitable growth substrates (i.e. Glomus fasiculatum). It was observed that Glomus mosseae and Vaminoc Tâ formed the best associations with potato. However, the viability of inocula is a major concern for their commercial use. Phosphate had a significant effect on the growth of potato and AM formation. Plants grown in low phosphate were smaller in size and produced lower numbers of market sized tubers. Mycorrhizal formation was promoted at low P soil concentrations. Mycorrhizal plants grown at low P had increased yields of market sized tubers and tuber weights compared to the NM plants. This was mainly due to improved P nutrition and resulted in a tuber yield comparable to that produced by plants grown in high P. Increasing soil P concentrations decreased the level of AM formation. If mycorrhizal plants were given high P or grown at a low light intensity then no beneficial effects of colonisation were seen. Plants grown at low light intensities could not cope with the increased below ground demand of tubers and AM and this resulted in a decrease in the shoot C concentration. Early tuber removal decreased C-assimilation, increased subsequent tuber number and decreased the level of AM formation. This indicated that potato plants need to maintain a high photosynthetic rate in order to maintain an AM association. A decrease in C-assimilation caused a decrease in AM formation. The formation of AM in different potato cultivars was investigated. It was shown that different cultivars had varying responses to AM fungal inoculation. Those cultivars that had low disease resistance to microbial pathogens had higher levels of AM colonisation. Correlation analysis showed that there was an inverse relationship between disease resistance, and AM colonisation, irrespective of the growth of the potato. This indicated that breeding for disease resistance may have bred against the formation of AM in potato.
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Bowers, Lindsey Carolle. "Soybean Growth and Yield Response to Seeding Rate in Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104053.
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Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed cost has increased dramatically with the introduction and adoption of herbicide-resistant cultivars, generating interest from growers to reduce seeding rates to the lowest possible level that does not affect yield. Research indicates that greater seeding rates are needed to maximize yield under low-yielding environments and less seed is needed in high-yielding environments, but this has not been confirmed with recent research in Virginia. The objectives of this research was to 1) determine the yield response of soybean cultivars with differing growth habits and maturities grown in full-season and double-crop systems to seeding rate under different yield environments; and 2) compare two seeding rates in large on-farm strip-plots to determine if the growth environment within the field affects the yield response to seeding rate. For objective 1, small-plot research was conducted on Piedmont and Coastal Plain sites across Virginia from 2017 thru 2020. Maturity group (MG) 4 or 5 cultivars were planted in 46-cm rows at the following seeding rates: full-season soybean – 74,130, 148,260, 222,390, 296,520, 370,650, and 444,780 seed ha-1; and double-crop soybean – 197,680, 296,520, 395,360, 494,200, 543,620, and 593,040 seed ha-1. One cultivar per MG was used in 2017 and 2018, but the experiments were expanded to include two cultivars, differing in canopy structure, within each MG in 2019 and 2020. On-farm research compared a high and low seeding rate with a 100,000 seed ha-1 difference based upon grower current practices. To determine growth influence on the yield response, normal difference vegetative index (NDVI) was measured at 2-week intervals from late-vegetative to late-reproductive stages in small-plot and on-farm experiments. Double-crop soybean required an average of 205,000 more seed ha-1 than full-season soybean. Although yield response varied with site and year, MG 4 cultivars usually yielded more than MG 5 at higher seeding rates, but less at lower seeding rate. No differences between cultivar canopy structure were present in full-season systems; differences were revealed in double-crop systems but were not consistent over sites. To obtain 95% of maximum yield, 170,000 to 390,000 seed ha-1 were required in full-season soybean and 470,000 to 550,000 seed ha-1 were required in double-crop soybean. While the NDVI response to seeding rate generally reflected the yield response at most site-years, relationship between yield and NDVI was weak. In on-farm experiments, higher seeding rates yielded more at 3 of 6 sites, but differences varied within the field. The yield-NDVI relationship was stronger due to greater variability within the field, but these differences due to seeding rate could not be discerned. Growing environment, primarily amount and distribution of rainfall, greatly influenced these results; therefore, more exact site-specific seed rate recommendations will be difficult in Virginia's environment.Master of Science
Soybean is one of the world's most important seed legumes and contributes a major portion of global protein concentrate for livestock feeding and oil for human consumption therefore, it is essential to continually and sustainably increase yield while maintaining profitability for growers. Through adoption of precision agriculture technology by Southeastern farmers, site-specific management using variable rate application and/or automatic section control of inputs are able to be utilized when field variability is assessed. Additionally, on-farm experiments validate small plot research with larger field-scale evaluations with proper technology and design. In this study various seeding rates on soybean yield in both small-plot and on-farm experiments, as influenced by variable growth and yield differences within the field, was determined. On-farm research allowed better observation of yield response to seeding rate for each field, allowing the evaluation of production practices under realistic growing conditions. Ultimately, it is expected that more early-season growth in areas of the field with greater productivity will result in greater yields using less seed per hectare. The utilization of vegetative indices as well as remote sensing technology contributed largely to the analysis of yield and varying seeding rates. Accordingly, measurements were correlated with one another to determine if remote sensing techniques can be substituted for ground measurements in predicting yields.
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Nelson, Suzanne Cathleen. "Genotype and cropping system effects on cowpea growth and yield." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186596.
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Genotype X cropping system interactions may complicate the plant breeders' task of increasing crop yields, since selection and improvement in one cropping system may not result in improved performance in a different cropping system. Field experiments were conducted in 1990 and 1991 to examine the effects of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) genotypes and cropping systems on cowpea yield, yield components, biomass, and leaf area. When cowpea was grown in sole crop and in intercrop with pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke), a significant genotype X cropping system interaction for seed yield occurred in both years. In sole crop, 'California Blackeye 46' (CB46) yielded more than 'Tohono O'odham' (TOC). By contrast, in intercrop, there was no difference in yield between genotypes in 1990, but TOC outyielded CB46 in 1991. More vegetative biomass and leaf area was produced by TOC than CB46 and more was produced in sole crop than intercrop. In intercrop, TOC produced more leaf area in the furrow and higher in the intercrop canopy than CB46. TOC had a more negative effect on millet than CB46. In intercrops differing in row-spatial arrangement (within- and between-row intercrops), TOC outyielded CB46 in both the within- and between-row intercrops, and more yield was produced in the between-row than within-row intercrop. To identify plant traits associated with cowpea seed yield under intercropping, three F₂ cowpea populations were grown in intercrop with millet. All three yield components (pod number, seeds per pod, and mean seed weight) were significantly correlated with cowpea seed yield. The number of pods accounted for most of the variation in seed yield. There was a negative association between seeds per pod and mean seed weight. Plant length, number of nodes, and number of branches were also correlated with seed yield, as were the number of pods produced on basal and distal branches and from the longest (> 10 cm) internode category. Plant traits associated with yield in intercrop may differ from those associated with yield in sole crop. Hence, selection criteria for indirectly selecting yield will differ between cropping systems.
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Zerkoune, Mohammed A. "Effect of Messenger® on Cantaloupe Growth Pattern and Yield." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/214943.
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An experimental site was selected at Yuma Agricultural Research Center, University of Arizona, to evaluate the effect of Messenger on melon plant growth and yield. Four treatments in completely randomized block design replicated four times were applied to melon planted on 84- inch beds. High Mark open pollinated melon variety was planted on 3-20-2001 using a commercial planter. Treatments included Messenger applied at 3-leaf stage on 5-4-2001 Messenger applied every 14 days starting on 5-15, 5-29, 6-13, 6-27-2001, standard management practices and control. Observations collected included plant mapping and yield. Results were variable, showed no significant effect of Messenger on plant growth and yield. However, there was indication that Messenger may have an effect on plant growth pattern and yield. Messenger applied at 3-leaf stage and repeated applications seemed to induce an early melon formation, increased number of nodes and yield. It was not possible to make recommendation based on one-year results. Further investigation is needed to verify the results obtained from this experiment.
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Touchan, Ramzi 1949. "GROWTH AND YIELD OF EMORY OAK WOODLANDS IN SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277292.
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Doheny-Adams, Timothy. "Manipulating stomatal density affects plant growth, yield and drought tolerance." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4180/.
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Photosynthesis in leaves is dependent on CO2 reaching mesophyll cells which contain the bulk of chlorophyll, yet most of the leaf is enveloped by a waxy cuticle which is almost impermeable to CO2 and water. Gas exchange is enabled through pores on the leaf epidermis called stomata which are each formed by two specialised guard cells morphologically distinct from general epidermal cells and able to react to their environment by increasing or decreasing cell turgor. This enables the stomatal pores to open or close depending on the plant’s need to acquire CO2 or conserve water, allowing much needed flexibility in plant water relations. The experiments detailed in this thesis have the broad aim of determining correlations between altered stomatal density, stomatal size, leaf gas exchange, drought tolerance, and plant water use efficiency. Most experiments have been carried out on a set of Arabidopsis mutants with altered expression of Epidermal Patterning Factors (EPFs), a peptide family which is involved in the development of stomatal patterning and density on the leaf. Chapter 3 addresses the question of how altering the EPF family of peptides affects leaf morphology and more specifically whether stomatal densities correlate with stomatal size in Arabidopsis plants with altered EPF expression patterns. Chapter 4 examines the leaf gas exchange properties of Arabidopsis and questions whether or not altering stomatal density impacts leaf water use efficiency and photosynthesis. Finally, experiments in chapter 5 highlight how combined changes to leaf morphology and gas exchange due to altered EPF expression impact drought tolerance, seed yield and rosette morphology. Although most of this work was carried out on Arabidopsis plants, stomatal densities and water use efficiencies were also examined in a set of Barley cultivars to determine whether similar trends could be observed in a directly agriculturally useful plant. Results of these experiments and suggested directions to pursue this work in barley are summarised in chapter 6.
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Tedla, Amhagiyorgis. "Environmental modeling study of water adequacy and yield from an irrigated rice field in Mali." Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-170064.
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A process oriented modeling of an irrigated rice field in a semi arid area of Mali has been done with the help of computational tool CoupModel. The model has been used to simulate two levels of irrigation rates, in an attempt to test and see adequacy of a recommended irrigation rate and its environmental impact over the current management. A simpler simulation to represent less water demanding crops like sorghum or millet has also been done to indicate extent of the excess water and as alternative crop cultivation. Important processes and parameters to represent a rice cropping system have been identified and simulation was run for a 12 year period. Results show an irrigation amount of 916 mm delivers an overall 6 % increased yield. Results from the reduced irrigation also show a better output in surface runoff, nitrogen leaching and uptake, photosynthetic water use efficiency and fertilizer efficiency. Soil nitrogen and carbon storage shows nearly the same trend. Only nitrous oxide (N2O) emission rate increased by 13 % in the case of reduced irrigation. Simulation done for the other crops also shows a reasonable yield of sorghum or millet can be obtained with 46 % of water used for current rice irrigation.
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Katsura, Keisuke. "Studies on variety traits, environmental factors and their interactions causing super high yield in rice." Kyoto University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/136706.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・論文博士
博士(農学)
乙第12223号
論農博第2681号
新制||農||960(附属図書館)
学位論文||H20||N4390(農学部図書室)
UT51-2008-C993
京都大学大学院農学研究科農学専攻
(主査)教授 白岩 立彦, 教授 山田 利昭, 教授 山末 祐二
学位規則第4条第2項該当
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Morgado, Goncalves Marques dos Santos Maria Joao. "Factors affecting tillering in rice (Oryza sativa L.) : agronomic, physiological and modelling aspects and their influence on yield." Thesis, University of Reading, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389652.
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Bin, Rahman A. N. M. Rubaiyath. "Molecular studies of some developmental and reproductive traits of Rayada rice." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2013. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/51.
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Crop domestication and subsequent breeding or directional selection have narrowed the genetic diversity of elite varieties whereas land races, ecotypes, wild relatives growing on native preferences still keep genetic diversities of stress tolerances. Rayada is such an exceptional ecotype, variant of typical deepwater rice, completely endemic to certain areas of Madhumati river tracts of Bangladesh and still shares some features of wild rices. Multiple physiological features of Rayadas are distinctly different from typical deepwater rice. In this PhD project, we have studied the specialty of Rayada rice and identified that Rayada has special tolerances to prolonged flood, submergence and cold along with longer root system and prompt recovery capacity after water stress. All these features make it as an elite resource of stress tolerance and might become a new focus of rice germplasm research. Among all deepwater rices, Rayada is the only exception, having virtually no seed dormancy, but both physiological and molecular bases of this trait are completely unknown. We examined the non-dormant nature of Rayadas as a natural variant of deepwater rice. After comparing features of freshly harvested seeds of Rayada with those of typical deepwater rice variety, we identified several concerted features; for instance, less ABA content in freshly harvested seeds; faster ABA catabolism and enhanced ROS accumulation after imbibition. Moreover, after analyzing stepwise gene expressions of 32 bZIPs in seed germination, mild and severe water stresses among three extreme ecotypes including Rayadas together with homology search with reported genes, we identified OsbZIP84 as a candidate gene for the regulation of ABA catabolism in Rayada rice. ABA content and expression analysis of OsbZIP84 and ABA8oxs in four growth and developmental stages along with phenotyping of mutant revealed the function of OSbZIP84 in the dormancy regulation of Rayada rice. Submergence tolerance during seed germination is one of the rare traits of rice, even among cereals. Except few physiological indications of tolerance, most other molecular signaling network is not known. We identified several positive and negative regulators of shoot development under submergence inducting the capacity of shoot development of Rayada rice under oxidative stress. We successfully developed a condition supplemented with riboflavin and H2O2 where intolerant genotypes successfully developed shoot under submergence. However, induced shoot development was completely inhibited by glucose, ABA and mitochondrial complex IV inhibitor signifying ABA and glucose as negative regulators, whereas ROS, riboflavin and mitochondrial complex IV as positive regulators. Gene expression analysis of α-amylases revealed H2O2 supplementation mimicked aerobic gene expression pattern. Plausible mechanisms of riboflavin and H2O2 function in submergence tolerance were also discussed. Finally, we isolated a novel mutant of Rayada variety with Kaladigha background and having four interesting phenotypes of practical implications. Mutant plant shows purple pigmentation throughout the plants organs along with dense and elongated trichomes on the adaxial leaf surface. In addition, the same mutant also shows high frequency of stigma exsertion. But ultimately, we observed that the mutant plant is completely sterile. The possible reason of the sterility was found being related to the stigma receptivity. Severe reduction of ROS accumulation in stigmas of mutant plant was observed after fluorescent H2DCF-DA staining. However, pollen grains are completely viable with normal shape and size. Interestingly, the fertility was partially restored after humidifying the panicles. Mutant progeny showed dense black coloration in seeds with significant reduction of grain weight. Moreover, it showed segregating ratio of 3:1 for purple pigmentation, suggesting single gene mutation nature. Other phenotypic features confirmed the mutant as a Rayada variety with Kaladigha background, not a seed contamination. After extensive data mining of these four phenotypes, we identified maize Lc gene with three similar phenotypes reported earlier excluding stigma exsertion, hence considered as candidate gene of this mutant. The gene expression of maize Lc homolog of rice, OsbHLH13, was exceptionally up-regulated in the purple mutant. Further studies of genetic characterization may open up the practical implications of this mesmerizing mutant. In summary, Rayada is a primitive deepwater rice ecotype that can offer many traits and genetic resources that are badly needed in rice breeding for stress tolerance and the time is mature to do the more detailed research with rapid advances in genome research weaponry
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Hsieh, Chia-Ju, and 謝嘉如. "Effect of water-saving irrigation on rice growth and yield." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67504959151021121681.
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碩士國立中興大學
農藝學系所
96
Traditional transplanted rice with continuous standing water in Taiwan has relatively high water inputs. Because of increasing water scarcity, there is a need to develop alternative systems that require less water. Water-saving irrigation techniques is a new concept of growing rice, however, run the risk of yield reduction because of possible drought-stress effects on the crop. This study analyzes the ways in which water-saving irrigation can help to meet agricultural water resource shortage at the field level. A 3-cropping season field study from February 2007 to July 2008 determined the effects of flooding, water-saving, and rain-fed culture on the growth, grain yield, yield components, and water productivity of cultivars Taikeng 4, Taikeng 9, Budda, Doddi, Tainung Selection 1, Taitong Yu 46, and Nan Lui 1. Analysis of variances indicated that irrigation, cultivar, and cropping season had significant (P<0.01) effects on field emergence, seedling height, 50% heading days, panicle number per meter, spikelet number per panicle, grain-filling, 1000-grain weight, panicle length, water input, water productivity, and grain yield. There were also significant (P<0.01) in two factor interactions except for irrigation
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Rawlings, Matthew R. "Effects of the rice root aphid, Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis (Sasaki), on wheat growth and yield." 2006. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/umi-okstate-2064.pdf.
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GAO, SHENG-PING, and 高勝平. "Effects of irrigation water on soil salinity and properties, influenced growth and yield of rice." Thesis, 1991. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79693696402886956889.
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Ouedraogo, Nisabelgho Joseph, and 倪貝古. "Effects of Compost Application on Some Characteristics of Clay Acid Soil, Paddy Rice Growth and Yield." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12990490129849091273.
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碩士國立屏東科技大學
熱帶農業研究所
90
Organic matter such as compost can play key role in sustainable soil fertility management to increase rice production. The compost made of cattle droppings, pangola grass, rice hull, and rice bran mixture and chemical fertilizer were used to study their effects physicochemical properties of clay acid soil and growth and yield of paddy rice. The study was conducted at the National Pingtung University of Science and Technology during spring and summer seasons of 2001. The treatments of the field experiment were: Cp: compost at 20 t/ha, Ccf: chemical fertilizers, CpTd: compost at 6 t/ha + topdressing, and CpCcf: compost at 10 t/ha + chemical fertilizers, and those of the plastic house experiment were: Ck: blank, Ccf: chemical fertilizers, CpL1 to CpL5: compost at 12.5, 25, 50, 75, and 100 t/ha. Paddy rice variety Taichung Sen No 10 was used. It was observed that, under the field condition, bulk density, particle density and total porosity of the post experiment soil were not significantly different from the treatments, though a slight increase of those parameters was observed as compared to the pre-experiment soil. As for chemical properties of post experiment soil, values of pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and phosphorus concentration (P) were not significantly different among the treatments. However, in CpCcf treatment, the values of pH and total nitrogen (TN) were higher than those in Ccf treatment In the Cp treatment, organic carbon (OC) and organic matter (OM) increased significantly, but potassium (K) content was low. Under P-house conditions, it was found that, compost treatments CpL3 to CpL5 improved physical properties of post experiment soil more than Ccf. Bulk and particle densities decreased while total porosity and moisture holding capacity were increased. Total porosity of soil in treatment Ccf was also increased due to abundance of roots. It was also found that, compost application at higher levels (CpL4 and CpL5) improved chemical properties of post experiment soil more than Ccf and Ck. The value of pH, increased in all the compost-applied treatments, while it was decreased in Ccf treatment. The P concentration, OC, OM and Na content were increased in CpL4 and CpL5 treatments more than Ccf and Ck. The EC was decreased in the compost-applied treatments, while in Ccf treatment it was increased. The TN and K content decreased slightly in the compost treatments. Under field conditions, growth characteristics were somewhat different among the treatments. The rice growth in treatment CpCcf and Ccf was much better than that in treatments of Cp and CpTd. However Grain yield were not differed from Cp, CpTd and Ccf treatments. Under plastic house conditions, plants height was higher in compost treatments of CpL4 and CpL5 at 100 DAT. The highest tiller number and total biomass were observed in treatment Ccf. However it was recorded that grain yield of CpL4 CpL5 and Ccf treatments were not significantly different.
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Liao, Ching-Ying, and 廖勁穎. "Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer on The Growth, Yield and Quality of Rice (Oryza sativa) in Taitung." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/z23u75.
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碩士國立屏東科技大學
農園生產系所
107
Nitrogen is a critical factor in the growth, yield, and quality of rice. The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on rice growth, yield, disease damage, and quality as well as the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer to serve as a basis for the application of nitrogen fertilizer on rice. The study was carried out in Taitung, and the concentrations of fertilizer used were 0, 90, 150, 210, and 270 kg．ha-1. These fertilizers were applied to three of Taitung’s rice varieties: Kaohsiung No. 139, Taitung No. 30, and Taitung No. 2. The study looked at the effects of the nitrogen fertilizers on changes in soil element content, changes in plant element content, plant height, SPAD values, tiller count, yield of unhulled rice, appearance of milled rice, sheath blight, brown spot, and rice blast as well as the agronomic efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer. The results show that soil EC was significantly higher in fields where the 210 and 270 kg．ha-1 concentrations of fertilizer were applied compared to fields where nitrogen fertilizer was not applied. There was no significant difference found in the levels of soil pH, organic matter, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, or magnesium. The greater the concentration of nitrogen fertilizer was, 1) the greater the plant nitrogen content, SPAD values, and plant height were for all three varieties of rice and 2) the lower the productive tiller ratios were for all three varieties of rice. A quadratic curve resulted for the yield, with the highest yields found in the fields where the 150 and 210 kg．ha-1concentrations of fertilizer were applied. The greater the concentration of nitrogen fertilizer was, 1) the higher the damaged grain ratios were and 2) the lower the milling yield, normal white rice grain, and taste values were, which shows that greater concentrations of nitrogen fertilizer reduce the quality of the rice. The greater the concentration of nitrogen fertilizer was, 1) the higher the rice blast, stem sheath blight, and sheath blight height ratios were and 2) the lower the brown spot ratios were. The greater the concentration of nitrogen fertilizer was, the lower the agronomic efficiency was, which shows that greater concentrations of nitrogen fertilizer are less effective at boosting yield. A quadratic curve resulted for the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer, with the highest yields found in the fields where the 150 kg．ha-1 concentration of fertilizer was applied.
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Paul, Zoundou S. Jean, and 金保羅. "Investigating the growth parameters and yield attributes in different water regimes under the System of Rice Intensification (SRI)." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/k496ep.
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碩士國立屏東科技大學
土壤與水工程國際碩士學位學程
106
Abstract The system of rice intensification (SRI) is a friendly-environment rice production system that has been proved to reduce the water consumption and production inputs when at the same time increase yield and water productivity. With the increasing water scarcity due to climate change, water reduction in production is a permanent research issue. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the effects of different water regimes on the growth parameters and yield attributes of rice under SRI in dry season as well as their related water productivity in irrigated rice, using alternate wetting and drying water management by observation. The study aimed at finding out the optimum irrigated water depth applied to SRI in Taiwan tropical dry season. The experiment was conducted at irrigated rice field in National Pingtung University of Science and Technology (NPUST). SRI management principles such as plant spacing, seedling densities, duration of planting and weeding method have been thoroughly conducted. Five (5) different water depths including the control plots were tested. The control irrigated at 3cm water depth at soil hairline cracks (SRI3) was compared to 2cm (SRI2), 4cm (SRI4) and 5cm (SRI5) water depth under alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation based on visual observations, and also to 3cm water depth per week (SRI3/w), previously identified as optimum water depth. Growth parameters like plant height, leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll content, and yield attributes such as tillers number, productive tillers number, tillering efficiency, panicles number, panicles length and weight, spikelets number, filled spikelets ratio, 1,000 grains weight, total grain yields and water productivity were assessed. The results showed that the application of 3cm at soil hairline cracks (SRI3) recorded the highest values in most of the growth parameters as well as in the yield attributes. The investigation revealed also that significant differences were observed during some development stages between the different water treatments in the growth parameters assessment as well as in the yield attributes analyses. Yield attributes like spikelets numbers per meter square and filled spikelets percentage were determinant for the grain yield. SRI3 yielded better with 4072kg/ha compared to SRI2 (3448kg/ha), SRI3/w (3340kg/ha), SRI4 (3081kg/ha and SRI5 (2604kg/ha). The highest water productivity was recorded in SRI3 at soil hairline cracks (0.19kg/m 3 ) whereas SRI2 at soil hairline cracks and SRI3/w obtained both 0.18kg/m 3 . Even though they received much water, SRI4 and SRI5 at soil hairline cracks recorded the lowest water productivity with respectively 0.15kg/m 3 and 0.12kg/m 3 of water. The effects of weather conditions on the growing cycle, added to the water stress imposed to rice, resulted in grain yield decline and low water productivity. The findings suggested the application of 3cm water depth after reduced soil hairline cracks as an optimum water treatment for SRI in dry season. Rice cropping period should also be adjusted to avoid the critical temperatures. Key words: System of Rice Intensification (SRI), soil hairlines cracks, growth parameters, yield attributes, optimum water depth.
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Wang, Yi-wen, and 王薏雯. "Integrating FORMOSAT-2 High-Temporal And High-Spatial Imagery With Field Data To Monitor Growth And Estimate Yield Of Rice Crop." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89236160353220395055.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
地球科學系碩博士班
95
Estimating the annual yield of rice is one of the most important applications of remote sensing in Taiwan. In the mid 1980s’, at least half of the gross domestic product contributed by agriculture in Taiwan came from rice. The demand of an efficient approach to investigate and estimate crops yield in a large scale, particularly for rice crop, initiates the development of remote sensing techniques afterwards. Nowadays, taking the aerial photos of rice paddy over the island of Taiwan has become a regular task operated once or twice per year. The application of these aerial photos in estimating crop yield is limited by their low temporal resolution, expensive cost and time-consuming data processing. Attempts have therefore been made to use various satellite images to replace the aerial photos in the recent years, with the sacrifice of spatial resolution, yet the same limitations still impede the application of remote sensing in yield estimation. The successful operation of FORMOSAT-2 satellite proved the concept that the temporal resolution of a remote sensing system can be much improved by deploying a high spatial resolution sensor in a daily revisit orbit. Therefore, the aforementioned limitations of remote sensing in estimating crop yield can be completely removed by employing the FORMOSAT-2 high-temporal and high-spatial imagery. This research follows the approach proposed by Chen and Yang (2005) to integrate the FORMOSAT-2 observations with a comprehensive dataset collected in the field, with the intention to monitor growth and estimate yield of rice crop. The field experiments were conducted at Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute Experimental Farm at Wufeng in the first and the second cropping seasons of 2006. The leaf area index (LAI), developmental stage, yield at harvest and the near ground canopy hyperspectral reflectance (R) were collected at the intervals of two to three weeks for rice plants (Oryza sativa L. cv. TNG 67) grown under eight planting densities. A total of thirty-six multispectral images of the study area taken by FORMOSAT-2 during the growing periods were processed by band-to-band coregistration, spectral preserved pan-sharpening, automatic orthorectification, multitemporal imagery matching and radiometric normalization. These FORMOSAT-2 images provided us the information of NDVI, and hence the LAI of rice paddy at different stages of growth. Finally, the yields of both crops were estimated by accumulating FORMOSAT-2-derived LAI and compared to the actual amounts of yields at harvest. Results demonstrated the potential of FORMOSAT-2 high-temporal and high-spatial images in monitoring rice growth and estimating crop yield.
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李政憲. "Use of two T-DNAs/single vector for production of transgenic rice overexpressing hemoglobin for enhanced growth and yield without containing selection marker gene." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13100771120846667155.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立嘉義大學
生物農業科技學系碩士班(Institute of Agricultural
98
Oxygen is not only the substrate for respiration but also a cofactor in a number of biochemical reactions leading to synthesis of important secondary metabolites. In addition to diffusion, hemoglobin, a carrier of o2 is required for effective transport of o2 in plant cells. Thus, supply of o2 is essential for growth of aerobic organisms. The energy production efficiency of respiration by aerobics is twice to four times higher than that of fermentation by anaerobics. Hemoglobin is widely distributed in a variety of organisms, and its main function in plant cells lies in the transport of oxygen, offering o2 to cells for various metabolic needs. Previous studies have shown that constitutive overexpression of hemoglobin enhances photosynthesis, growth and productivity in a number of transgenic crops. The aim of this study was to produce transgenic rice overexpressing rice hemoglobin without containing the selection marker gene. A vector harboring rice Hb1 gene and HptII gene in two separate T-DNA borders was used for rice transformation in this study. A total of 9 transgenic lines were obtained. Southern blot analyses showed that all 9 transgenic lines both Hb1 and HptII genes were integrated together at 1 copy. In addition, some transgenic lines have 1-2 extra copies of Hb1 and HptII gene inserted into the genome. Multiple copy insertion of HptII gene into rice genome made it difficult for the Hb1 gene to be segregated from HptII gene in the self-pollinated progenies. Even though transgenic Line 14 and 15 contained 1 and 2 copies of extra independent Hb1 gene, respectively in addition to the one containing both genes, no T1 transgenic progenies from these 2 lines containing only the Hb1 transgenes were obtained. Future improvement on transformation vector, such as orientation of the 2-TDNAs and repeat of LB seqnence may overcome this problem.
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Mulbah, Quaqua Sumo. "Effect of simulating flooding pattern on nitrogen management in rice (Oryza sativa L.) production." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/7987.
Full textAbstract:
Flooding cycle in wetland rice (Oryza sativa L.) production systems is often subject to seasonal and cultural variations which may affect the availability and uptake of nitrogen in different ways. These factors may more or less influence the physiological and growth responses of the plant. In an effort to improve productivity in rice cropping systems, two controlled environment studies and a field trial were conducted to evaluate the growth and yield responses of rice to different flooding regimes and nitrogen fertilizer management strategies. In the first glasshouse trial, an upland cultivar (GM-1) was used to study the effects of four flooding regimes and three nitrogen application rates on the tillering, yield components and grain yield of rice. The field study determined the applicability of the results of the glasshouse trial to out-door environmental conditions, with the aim of gaining further insight into the impact of nitrogen application strategy on tiller and grain qualities. Two wetland cultivars (FKR-19 and N-19) and GM-1 were used to evaluate the effects of two flooding regimes and two nitrogen topdressing patterns. The second glasshouse trial determined the effect of hydro-priming on the establishment of direct seeded rice, and the effect of flooding on aerenchyma formation in rice roots. Results of the studies showed that flooding with standing water of 5 cm above the soil surface, irrespective of when it occurred, and nitrogen application increased the number of tillers and panicles, above ground dry matter, nitrogen uptake and grain yield of rice. However, late flooding and high nitrogen application rate of 220 kg ha-1 were found to encourage the production of late tillers, thereby reducing the efficiency of nitrogen use for grain production. Nitrogen application in three split doses tended to increase plant nitrogen content at heading; it slightly increased the protein content of the grains at maturity, but reduced the amylose content of the starch granules. Nitrogen application in two split doses led to increased grain yield in non-flooded plants, while the three-split treatment increased nitrogen uptake and grain yield in the flooded plants.
Flooding significantly increased aerenchyma formation in the cortical tissues of rice roots, particularly at 50 mm behind the root tips. Hydro-priming seeds for 48 h improved plant establishment by shortening the germination and emergence times, and increasing the
height and dry matter accumulation of seedlings, thereby ameliorating the susceptibility of rice to flooding stress. Overall, the thesis affirmed that controlled flooding is beneficial to rice production since it enhanced the growth and yield of the plant. It further revealed that early flooding and appropriate timing of moderate nitrogen application can ensure the conservation of water and nitrogen resources, including the quality of the environment, with no significant consequence for yield and productivity of the crop.Thesis (M.Sc.Agric.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2010.
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Shieh, Steven, and 謝適旬. "Effect of Different Management of Fertilizers on the Growth Characteristics and Yields of the Rotation of Corn and Rice Plants." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65824044584341222092.
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liao, Jung-chi, and 廖榮祺. "Rice Yield Forcasting and its Insurance Premium." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35457567254273219211.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
統計與精算所
98
Agricultural activities is one of Taiwan''s major economic capacity, of which rice accounted for the largest share. Since agricultural activities greatly affected by natural factors, use of agricultural insurance to protect farmers suffered losses of natural disasters. In this paper, use spatio- temporal model to analysis data which is from 1983 to 2008, and forecasting the rice crop yield in 2009 of all Taiwan and the five regions. Then, using bootstrap resample method to make the prediction more accurate. Furthermore, the premium rate is calculated by using the Gaussian kernel density method. This study improves that the premium rate in five regions of Taiwan are significantly different, if Taiwan insurance rates with a single rate setting, insurance companies may result in losses or excessive burden farmers.
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LI, CANG-LANG, and 李蒼郎. "Prediction of rice yield by the influence of meteorological factors on yield components." Thesis, 1990. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43277284396593756413.
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Chen, Fifi, and 陳蓓婷. "Study on the premium rate of rice yield." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01536683286607345618.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
統計與精算所
98
The main purpose of this paper applies actuarial methods to create the rice yield insurance contract, predict the rice-level yield, and price the premium rate of rice yield. The interaction between the deterministic and stochastic models was analyzed considering the rice-level yield. The premium rate of rice yield involved three-stage methods based on estimation and prediction. First, we analyzed considering the rice-level yield. Second, we used Gaussian kernel techniques to smooth observations to build a continuous density estimate. Finally, the premium rate of rice yield was calculated considering the rice-level yield and smoothing observations. This study tries to develop crop insurance.
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Lin, Chia-Hsing, and 林嘉興. "Bootstrap Method and Grain Yield Stability of Rice." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98890362961107450355.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
農藝學研究所
103
The stability analysis method which were adopted frequently divided into parametric statistics, such as the joint regression analysis; nonparametric statistics, such as the Nassar’s method, and the method needs to take comparison with the check, such as the superiority analysis. According to the different statistical principle and timing of usage, breeders will confused by the choice of analysis methods or feel difficult to identify the result correctly. Thus, this study find five stability analysis method from different statistical principles, involve Finlay and Wilkinson regression analysis, Nassr’s method, Kang’s method, Wilcoxon signed rank test, and superiority analysis; use three datasets of multiple environments trial practiced in Taiwan to identify the stability properties of the potential lines. We found that the results from different methods truly lead to different conclusion and generate the confusion. As a result, we get one thousand bootstrap samples from the environments combination to make a larger scale of datasets, then do the same analysis by five analysis methods. The result of stability analysis with bootstrap become similar, and have an easier-identified conclusion. Finally, this study discuss about the stability analysis as well and submit the suggestion of data analysis by currently multiple environments trial, expect can help the rice breeder to get the correct conclusion to improve the yield and quality of rice.
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ZHENG, SUN-NING, and 鄭孫寧. "Effect of rice drying conditions on head yield." Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73698232504935241591.
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