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Journal articles on the topic 'Groups'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 July 2024

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1

Dirik, Deniz, and Ahmet Ufuk Komuroglu. "The effect of different doeses of aspirin application on oxidative stress in ovarian tissue." Medical Science and Discovery 8, no. 8 (August 16, 2021): 475–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.36472/msd.v8i8.585.

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Objective: Aspirin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with antioxidative properties. It is recommended to use different doses and durations according to the characteristics of the patient and the type of disease. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of using aspirin at different doses and for different durations on oxidative stress in ovarian tissue. Material and Methods: Female Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups. Group 1: control group, no special treatment was applied to the rats in this group. Group 2: 1 mg/kg aspirin was administered orally to the rats in this group every day for 28 days. Group 3: 3 mg/kg aspirin was administered orally to rats in this group every three days. Ggroup 4: 5 mg/kg aspirin was administered orally to rats in this group every five days. Group 5: 7 mg/kg aspirin was administered orally to the rats in this group once a week. After fasting overnight following the last application, the rats were sacrificed, and their ovarian tissues were collected. Malondialdehyde, catalase, total thiol group, and AOPP levels were studied from ovarian tissue. Results: Group4 and group5 ovarian tissue MDA levels were found to be significantly higher than the other groups (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between group1, group2 and group3 ovarian tissue MDA levels (p>0.05). Group1 (control group) ovarian tissue AOPP level was found to be significantly lower than all aspirin-administered groups (p<0.05). Group2 ovarian tissue AOPP level was found to be significantly lower than group3, group4 and group5 (p<0.05). TSG level was found to be significantly higher in group 5 when compared to other groups (p0<0.05). Group4 ovarian tissue TSG level was found to be significantly higher when compared to group1, group2 and group3 (p<0.05). Group3 and group4 ovarian tissue CAT activity was found to be significantly higher than group1, group2 and group5 (p<0.05). When group1, group2 and group5 ovarian tissue CAT activities were compared, no significant difference was found (p>0.05). Conclusion: The application of aspirin at certain intervals rather than daily application may have more positive effects on the antioxidant system. especially taking aspirin at intervals of 3 or 5 days may be more effective

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2

Močkoř, Jiří, and Angeliki Kontolatou. "Some remarks on Lorenzen $r$-group of partly ordered groups." Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal 46, no. 3 (1996): 537–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21136/cmj.1996.127314.

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3

Akgun-Unal, N., S. Ozyildirim, O. Unal, S. Bugra Baltaci, R. Mogulkoc, and A. Kasim Baltaci. "The Effects of Resveratrol and Melatonin on Cardiac Dysfunction in Diabetic Elderly Female Rats." Physiological Research, Vol 72(2) (April 30, 2023): 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33549/physiolres.935024.

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We aimed to investigate the effects of melatonin and resveratrol on diabetes-related papillary muscle dysfunction and structural heart disorders. The protective effect of resveratrol and melatonin supplementation on cardiac functions was investigated in a diabetic elderly female rat model. 16-month-old rats (n=48) were allocated into 8 groups. Group1: Control, Group2: Resveratrol Control, Group3: Melatonin Control, Group4: Resveratrol and Melatonin Control, Group5: Diabetes, Group6: Diabetes Resveratrol, Group7: Diabetes Melatonin, Group8: Diabetes Resveratrol and Melatonin. Streptozotocin was injected intraperitoneally to the rats for experimental diabetes induction. Thereafter, resveratrol (intraperitoneal) and melatonin (subcutaneous) were administered for 4 weeks. Resveratrol and melatonin had a protective effect on the contractile parameters and structural properties of the papillary muscle, which was impaired by diabetes. it has been presented that diabetes impairs the contractile function of the papillary muscle for each stimulus frequency tested and the responses obtained as a result of Ca+2 uptake and release mechanisms from the Sarcoplasmic reticulum, and it has been observed that these effects are improved with resveratrol and melatonin injection. The decrease in myocardial papillary muscle strength in the diabetic elderly female rat can be reversed with the combination of resveratrol, melatonin and resveratrol+melatonin. Melatonin+resveratrol supplementation is no different from melatonin and/or resveratrol supplementation. Resveratrol and melatonin supplementation may have a protective effect on cardiac functions in a diabetic elderly female rat model.

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Wee, Hwee, and Gweon-Young Kang. "Addiction Problems, Aggression, and Quality of Life in People with Different Occupations in South Korea." Healthcare 9, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9020141.

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Addiction is related to aggression and quality of life. This study examined the relationship between these three factors according to occupation group in a mixed urban/rural area to better understand adult addiction problems. This study was a secondary data analysis of cross-sectional data collected by a 2017 regional survey of adults living in Gunsan City, South Korea. The survey included 500 people split into the unemployed (Group1), full-time homemakers (Group2), and primary (Group3), secondary (Group4), and tertiary (Group5) industry workers. Addiction problems and aggression were positively correlated (p < 0.01). Aggression and alcohol use disorder were correlated in Group3 (r = 0.31), Group4 (r = 0.34), and Group5 (r = 0.32), and aggression and smartphone addiction were correlated in Group2 (r = 0.39) and Group4 (r = 0.31). Problem gambling was correlated with aggression in Group5 (r = 0.39). A negative relationship between quality of life and alcohol use disorder occurred in Group1 (r = −0.36). According to the occupation group, the relationships between addiction problems, aggression, and quality of life were different. These findings suggest that addiction management for adults should be implemented in consideration of occupation groups.

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5

Frič, Roman. "$L$-groups versus $k$-groups." Mathematica Bohemica 118, no. 2 (1993): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21136/mb.1993.126049.

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6

Pastor, T., P. Kastner, F. Souleiman, D. Gehweiler, B.-C. Link, F. Beeres, R. Babst, B. Gueorguiev, and M. Knobe. "ANATOMICAL ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT HELICAL PLATE DESIGNS FOR PROXIMAL HUMERAL SHAFT FRACTURE FIXATION." Orthopaedic Proceedings 105-B, SUPP_7 (April 4, 2023): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/1358-992x.2023.7.096.

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Helical plates are preferably used for proximal humeral shaft fracture fixation and potentially avoid radial nerve irritation as compared to straight plates. Aims:(1) to investigate the safety of applying different long plate designs (straight, 45°-, 90°-helical and ALPS) in MIPO-technique to the humerus. (2) to assess and compare their distances to adjacent anatomical structures at risk.MIPO was performed in 16 human cadaveric humeri using either a straight plate (group1), a 45°-helical (group2), a 90°-helical (group3) or an ALPS (group4). Using CT-angiography, distances between brachial arteries and plates were evaluated. Following, all specimens were dissected, and distances to the axillary, radial and musculocutaneous nerve were evaluated.None of the specimens demonstrated injuries of the anatomical structures at risk after MIPO with all investigated plate designs. Closest overall distance (mm(range)) between each plate and the radial nerve was 1(1-3) in group1, 7(2-11) in group2, 14(7-25) in group3 and 6(3-8) in group4. It was significantly longer in group3 and significantly shorter in group1 as compared to all other groups, p<0.001. Closest overall distance (mm(range)) between each plate and the musculocutaneous nerve was 16(8-28) in group1, 11(7-18) in group2, 3(2-4) in group3 and 6(3-8) in group4. It was significantly longer in group1 and significantly shorter in group3 as compared to all other groups, p<0.001. Closest overall distance (mm(range)) between each plate and the brachial artery was 21(18-23) in group1, 7(6-7) in group2, 4(3-5) in group3 and 7(6-7) in group4. It was significantly longer in group1 and significantly shorter in group3 as compared to all other groups, p<0.021.MIPO with 45°- and 90°-helical plates as well as ALPS is safely feasible and showed a significant greater distance to the radial nerve compared to straight plates. However, distances remain low, and attention must be paid to the musculocutaneous nerve and the brachial artery when MIPO is used with ALPS, 45°- and 90°-helical implants. Anterior parts of the deltoid insertion will be detached using 90°-helical and ALPS implants in MIPO-technique.

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7

Kozlowski, S., and J. V. Thirgood. "Forestry Working Groups/Groupes du travail." Forestry Chronicle 64, no. 4 (August 1, 1988): 372–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc64372-4.

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8

Dosne, J. J. E. "Forestry Working Groups/Groupes du travail." Forestry Chronicle 65, no. 3 (June 1, 1989): 220–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc65220-3.

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The advantages and disadvantages of working in developing countries are reviewed. The definition of a developing country and the aid it receives from Canada are analysed. Projects in these countries do not harm the Canadian industry. The development of natural resources is a priority of international organisations, after health, sanitation and education. Organisations interested in this development are listed. A few notes of forestry projects in Turkey, Jamaica, Honduras, Burkina Faso, Haiti, Costa Rica are enclosed; as well as an ideal project in New Caledonia where they have assumed their own responsibility. A message: all Canadian faculties of forestry, should give a few courses on tropical forestry because of its need and the increasing demand for Canadian foresters in this field. All who have worked overseas agree that there is a certain satisfaction in having contributed to the advancement of developing countries.

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9

Lesieur, Léonce. "Demi-groupes bornés (bounded semi-groups)." Discrete Mathematics 53 (March 1985): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-365x(85)90139-6.

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10

Yurdaguven, Haktan, Arzu Aykor, Emre Ozel, Hilmi Sabuncu, and Mubin Soyman. "Influence of a prophylaxis paste on surface roughness of different composites, porcelain, enamel and dentin surfaces." European Journal of Dentistry 06, no. 01 (January 2012): 001–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1698924.

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ABSTRACTObjective: To investigate the effect of a prophylaxis paste on surface roughness of different composites, enamel, dentin and porcelain surfaces.Methods: Three different composites (FiltekZ250/Group1, Filtek Supreme XT/Group2, Premise/ Group3), enamel/Group4, dentin/Group5 and porcelain/Group6 samples were used in this study. All specimens were prepared flat by SiC discs and polished with a diamond polishing paste. The surface roughness measurements were determined with a profilometer after polishing (initial surface roughness). Prophylaxis paste was applied to the samples for 12 seconds, renewing every 6 seconds. After cleaning the samples, roughness values were measured again. Data were analyzed by Kruskal Wallis and Dunn’s multiple comparison test. Wilcoxon test was performed for the comparison of the initial and final surface roughness values (P<.05). The results were evaluated within the P<.05 confidence level.Results: The mean %SMHC was:C=77.27%, CL= 72.45%, SL=78.43%, G=66.65% and P=67.95%. Comparing the %SMHC promoted by 5 soft drinks, SL = C > CL > P = G (P<.05). There was not significant correlation between %SMHC and the other variables tested for the five drinks (P>>.05)Results: The initial and final surface roughness values (μm) were determined as follows: Group1: 0.039±0.009 and 0.157±0.018, Group2: 0.023±0.005 and 0.145±0.027, Group3: 0.028±0.008 and 0.109±0.012, Group4: 0.024±0.006 and 0.071±0.015, Group5: 0.030±0.007 and 0.143±0.029, Group6: 0.024±0.006 and 0.064±0.014. Significant difference was determined between the initial and final values for all groups.Conclusions: Composite and dentin surfaces were more affected by the application of prophylaxis paste than enamel and porcelain surfaces. The prophylaxis paste increased the surface roughness of all groups, but did not reach the bacterial retention roughness rate of 0.2μm. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:1-8)

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11

Pastor, T., I. Zderic, K. P. van Knegsel, G. Richards, B. Gueorguiev, and M. Knobe. "HELICAL PLATING VERSUS STRAIGHT PLATING AND INTRAMEDULLARY NAILING OF PROXIMAL THIRD HUMERAL SHAFT FRACTURES: A BIOMECHANICAL COMPARATIVE STUDY." Orthopaedic Proceedings 105-B, SUPP_7 (April 4, 2023): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/1358-992x.2023.7.037.

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Proximal humeral shaft fractures are commonly treated with long straight plates or intramedullary nails. Helical plates might overcome the downsides of these techniques as they are able to avoid the radial nerve distally. The aim of this study was to investigate in an artificial bone model: (1) the biomechanical competence of different plate designs and (2) to compare them against the alternative treatment option of intramedullary nails.Twenty-four artificial humeri were assigned in 4 groups and instrumented as follows: group1 (straight 10-hole-PHILOS), group2 (MULTILOCK-nail), group3 (45°-helical-PHILOS) and group4 (90°-helical-PHILOS). An unstable proximal humeral shaft fracture was simulated. Specimens were tested under quasi-static loading in axial compression, internal/external rotation and bending in 4 directions monitored by optical motion tracking.Axial displacement (mm) was significantly lower in group2 (0.1±0.1) compared to all other groups (1: 3.7±0.6; 3: 3.8±0.8; 4: 3.5±0.4), p<0.001. Varus stiffness in group2 (0.8±0.1) was significantly higher compared to groups1+3, p≤0.013 (1: 0.7±0.1; 3: 0.7±0.1; 4: 0.8±0.1). Varus bending (°) was significantly lower in group2 compared to all other groups (p<0.001) and group4 to group1, p=0.022. Flexion stiffness in group1 was significantly higher compared to groups2+4 (p≤0,03) and group4 to group1, p≤0,029 (1: 0.8±0.1; 2: 0.7±0.1; 3: 0.7±0.1; 4: 0.6±0.1). Flexion bending (°) in group4 was higher compared to all other groups (p≤0.024) and lower in group2 compared to groups1+4, p≤0.024. Torsional stiffness remained non significantly different, p≥0.086. Torsional deformation in group2 was significantly higher compared to all other groups, p≤0.017. Shear displacement remained non significantly different, p≥0.112.From a biomechanical perspective, helical plating with 45° and 90° may be considered as a valid alternative fixation technique to standard straight plating of proximal third humeral fractures. Intramedullary nails demonstrated higher axial and bending stiffness as well as lower fracture gap movements during axial loading compared to all plate designs. However, despite similar torsional stiffness they were associated with higher torsional movements during internal/external rotation as compared to all investigated plate designs.

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12

Labruere, C. "Generalized Braid Groups and Mapping Class Gropus." Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications 06, no. 05 (October 1997): 715–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021821659700039x.

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Given a chord system of D2, we associate a generalized braid group, a surface and a homomorphism from this braid group to the mapping class group of the surface. We disprove a conjecture stated in an article by Perron and Vannier by showing that generally this homomorphism is not injective.

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13

Bican, Ladislav, and Laszlo Fuchs. "On abelian groups by which balanced extensions of a rational group split. II." Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal 44, no. 4 (1994): 649–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21136/cmj.1994.128491.

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14

Kazerooni, Anahita Fathi, Hamed Akbari, Erik Toorens, Dimitris Grigoriadis, Xiaoju Hu, Chiharu Sako, Elizabeth Mamourian, et al. "NIMG-82. RADIOGENOMIC SIGNATURES OF KEY DRIVER GENES IN GBM REVEAL MOLECULAR HETEROGENEITY OF THE TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT LINKED TO SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION: IMPACT ON THE TRAJECTORY OF GLIOMA EVOLUTION." Neuro-Oncology 24, Supplement_7 (November 1, 2022): vii184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac209.700.

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Abstract Somatic genomic alterations acquired during GBM growth enhance adaptation of tumor cells to their microenvironment and give rise to molecular heterogeneity. Radiogenomics could facilitate exploration of the underlying pathobiology of tumor growth in specific microenvironments and thereby, promote precision medicine for the patients. We derived radiogenomic signatures of key driver genes and evaluated molecular compositions of tumor groups with predisposition to specific brain regions. Pre-operative multiparametric conventional MRI scans of 357 IDH-wildtype GBM patients with available targeted NGS data were jointly segmented and registered into a common template. We constructed spatial distribution atlases for tumors harboring mutations in driver genes and identified four distinct groups of tumor locations with predilection to the left frontal cingulate region (Group1), right temporal (Group2), right parietal (Group3), and occipital pole (Group4). Evaluation of the differences in molecular features of the tumor groups included: (1) exploring similarities of genomic profiles across all four groups by evaluating cosine similarity metric (CSM) between mutational signatures; (2) quantification of molecular heterogeneity based on Mutant Allele Tumor Heterogeneity (MATH) scores; and (3) inference of the evolutionary trajectories. Groups 1 and 4 were the most different, and Groups 2 and 3 were the most similar tumors, molecularly. The mutational signatures between Groups 1 and 4 revealed a CSM of 0.35. Group1 showed significantly lower MATH score (less heterogeneity) compared to Group4 (p< 0.05). Evaluation of evolutionary patterns suggested NF1 mutation as an early event in Group1, without subsequent gain of function or mutation in EGFR. In contrast, in Group4, EGFR mutations were early events triggering PTEN mutations later in the evolutionary trajectory. Radiogenomic signatures revealed distinct molecular underpinnings for the tumors with predilection towards specific brain regions that may suggest existence of different tumor microenvironments in different brain regions that cause intra- and inter-patient heterogeneity in the molecular tumor composition.

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15

Burkett, Shawn T., and Mark L. Lewis. "GVZ-groups, Flat groups, and CM-Groups." Comptes Rendus. Mathématique 359, no. 3 (April 20, 2021): 355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5802/crmath.185.

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16

Sautoy, Marcus Du. "Polycyclic Groups, Analytic Groups and Algebraic Groups." Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society 85, no. 1 (July 2002): 62–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/plms/85.1.62.

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17

Etayo Gordejuela, J. J., and E. Martínez. "Alternating groups, Hurwitz groups and H*-groups." Journal of Algebra 283, no. 1 (January 2005): 327–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalgebra.2004.07.039.

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18

Tovmassian, H. M., and V. H. Chavushyan. "Compact Groups: Local Groups?" Astronomical Journal 119, no. 4 (April 2000): 1687–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/301296.

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19

Deaconescu, M., and G. L. Walls. "Groups Acting on Groups." Algebra and Logic 52, no. 5 (November 2013): 387–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10469-013-9250-9.

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20

Danchev, Peter. "Isomorphism of commutative group algebras of $p$-mixed splitting groups over rings of characteristic zero." Mathematica Bohemica 131, no. 1 (2006): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21136/mb.2006.134084.

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21

Hofmann, Karl, Sidney Morris, and Markus Stroppel. "Varieties of topological groups, Lie groups and SIN-groups." Colloquium Mathematicum 70, no. 2 (1996): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4064/cm-70-2-151-163.

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22

Kopský, V. "Subperiodic groups as factor groups of reducible space groups." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 45, no. 12 (December 1, 1989): 805–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767389008160.

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23

Friedl, Stefan, and Alexander I. Suciu. "Kähler groups, quasi-projective groups and 3-manifold groups." Journal of the London Mathematical Society 89, no. 1 (October 3, 2013): 151–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/jlms/jdt051.

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24

Rumynin, Dmitriy, Demyan Vakhrameev, and Matthew Westaway. "Covering groups of nonconnected topological groups and 2-groups." Communications in Algebra 47, no. 12 (May 22, 2019): 5207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00927872.2019.1612425.

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25

DROSTE, MANFRED, MICHÈLE GIRAUDET, and RÜDIGER GÖBEL. "ALL GROUPS ARE OUTER AUTOMORPHISM GROUPS OF SIMPLE GROUPS." Journal of the London Mathematical Society 64, no. 3 (December 2001): 565–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/s0024610701002484.

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It is shown that each group is the outer automorphism group of a simple group. Surprisingly, the proof is mainly based on the theory of ordered or relational structures and their symmetry groups. By a recent result of Droste and Shelah, any group is the outer automorphism group Out (Aut T) of the automorphism group Aut T of a doubly homogeneous chain (T, [les ]). However, Aut T is never simple. Following recent investigations on automorphism groups of circles, it is possible to turn (T, [les ]) into a circle C such that Out (Aut T) [bcong ] Out (Aut C). The unavoidable normal subgroups in Aut T evaporate in Aut C, which is now simple, and the result follows.

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26

Broué, M. "Reflection Groups, Braid Groups, Hecke Algebras, Finite Reduction Groups." Current Developments in Mathematics 2000, no. 1 (2000): 1–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.4310/cdm.2000.v2000.n1.a1.

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27

Simeakis, George Konstantinou, Ioanna Patinioti, Elli Anagnostou, Evangelia Zapanti, Vasiliki Vasileiou, Antonis Polymeris, Katerina Saltiki, Eleni Anastasiou, Maria Alevizaki, and Marina Mitropoulou. "Association of serum calcitonin levels with multinodular thyroid disease: 10-year single center experience." Problems of Endocrinology 62, no. 5 (September 22, 2016): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl201662554.

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Background. From 2005 to 2015 routine calcitonin (CT) screening was performed in our department in all patients with multinodular goiter (MNG) using the same assay.Aim. We investigated possible associations between unstimulated serum CT levels and the presence of either thyroid autoimmunity (AITD) or thyroid neoplasia.Methods. This is a retrospective study of 648 patients (559 female [F] 86.3%, 89 male [M] 13.7%, age range 18-89, median 58 years,). CT≤4.6 pg/ml [F] and ≤11.5 pg/ml [M] was defined as normal. Patients were stratified into 4 groups according to CT. Group1: CT<0.05 (undetectable), Group2: CT [F&M] within normal range, Group3: CT:4.7-10 [F] & 11.6-20 [M], Group4: CT>10 [F] & >20 [M]. Furthermore patients were subcategorized in those with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease (AITD) and those without (non-AITD).Results. The distribution of patients was: Group1: n=186 (28.7%), Group2: n=422 (65.1%), Group3: n=29 (4.5%), Group4: n=11 (1.7%). Of the patients with AITD history 23.4% belonged to Group1, 68.6% to Group2, 6.4% to Group3 and 1.6% to Group4 (x2, p=0.037). Forty seven patients (7.3%) underwent total thyroidectomy. Histopathological examination revealed: Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (MTC) n=3 (3/3 Group4), C-Cell Hyperplasia (CCH) n=5 (3/5 Group3, 2/5 Group4), Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) n=17 (7/17 Group1, 10/17 Group2), MNG n=22 (8/22 Group1, 10/22 Group2, 2/22 Group3, 2/22 Group4). 2/5 patients with CCH had PTC. 1/17 PTC patient had mixed PTC-MTC. Patients with MTC had remarkably higher CT levels (253-1222 pg/ml) compared to those with CCH (5.8-16.1 pg/ml).Conclusions. This study reaffirms the positive correlation between CT levels and the presence of MTC or CCH, clearly and conspicuously distinguished by the range of CT levels, albeit in a small number of patients with these diagnoses. Patients with AITD have more frequently detectable or slightly increased CT levels.

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28

Yagita, Nobuaki. "Witt Groups of Algebraic Groups." Publications of the Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences 50, no. 1 (2014): 113–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4171/prims/126.

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29

Agafonov, A. A., N. F. Kamara, A. M. Sebeldin, D. A. Sebeldin, and S. L. Fofana. "Malt Groups of Abelian Groups." Journal of Mathematical Sciences 259, no. 4 (November 6, 2021): 390–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10958-021-05627-5.

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30

Bryant, R. M., and A. Papistas. "Automorphism Groups of Nilpotent Groups." Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society 21, no. 5 (September 1989): 459–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/blms/21.5.459.

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31

Pressley, Andrew N. "LIE GROUPS AND ALGEBRAIC GROUPS." Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society 23, no. 6 (November 1991): 612–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/blms/23.6.612b.

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32

Gabai, David. "Convergence groups are Fuchsian groups." Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society 25, no. 2 (October 1, 1991): 395–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/s0273-0979-1991-16082-9.

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33

Kowalski, Piotr. "Stable Groups and Algebraic Groups." Journal of the London Mathematical Society 61, no. 1 (February 2000): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/s0024610799008261.

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34

Eklof, Paul C., László Fuchs, and Saharon Shelah. "Test groups for Whitehead groups." Rocky Mountain Journal of Mathematics 42, no. 6 (December 2012): 1863–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1216/rmj-2012-42-6-1863.

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35

Caride, A. O., and S. I. Zanette. "Double groups of point groups." Molecular Physics 56, no. 1 (September 1985): 79–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268978500102171.

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36

Česnavičius, Kęstutis. "Selmer groups and class groups." Compositio Mathematica 151, no. 3 (November 11, 2014): 416–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/s0010437x14007441.

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AbstractLet $A$ be an abelian variety over a global field $K$ of characteristic $p\geqslant 0$. If $A$ has nontrivial (respectively full) $K$-rational $l$-torsion for a prime $l\neq p$, we exploit the fppf cohomological interpretation of the $l$-Selmer group $\text{Sel}_{l}\,A$ to bound $\#\text{Sel}_{l}\,A$ from below (respectively above) in terms of the cardinality of the $l$-torsion subgroup of the ideal class group of $K$. Applied over families of finite extensions of $K$, the bounds relate the growth of Selmer groups and class groups. For function fields, this technique proves the unboundedness of $l$-ranks of class groups of quadratic extensions of every $K$ containing a fixed finite field $\mathbb{F}_{p^{n}}$ (depending on $l$). For number fields, it suggests a new approach to the Iwasawa ${\it\mu}=0$ conjecture through inequalities, valid when $A(K)[l]\neq 0$, between Iwasawa invariants governing the growth of Selmer groups and class groups in a $\mathbb{Z}_{l}$-extension.

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37

Monastyrnyĭ, A. P., and V. I. Yanchevskiĭ. "WHITEHEAD GROUPS OF SPINOR GROUPS." Mathematics of the USSR-Izvestiya 36, no. 1 (February 28, 1991): 61–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/im1991v036n01abeh001948.

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38

Wojtyński, Wojciech. "Lie groups as quotient groups." Reports on Mathematical Physics 40, no. 2 (October 1997): 373–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0034-4877(97)85935-6.

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39

PY, PIERRE. "Coxeter groups and Kähler groups." Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 155, no. 3 (September 2, 2013): 557–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305004113000534.

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AbstractWe study homomorphisms from Kähler groups to Coxeter groups. As an application, we prove that a cocompact complex hyperbolic lattice (in complex dimension at least 2) does not embed into a Coxeter group or a right-angled Artin group. This is in contrast with the case of real hyperbolic lattices.

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40

Noskov, G. A. "Automorphism groups of metabelian groups." Mathematical Notes of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR 41, no. 1 (January 1987): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01159522.

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41

Sautoy, Marcus. "Countingp-groups and nilpotent groups." Publications mathématiques de l'IHÉS 92, no. 1 (December 2000): 63–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02698914.

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42

GURALNICK, ROBERT M. "FROBENIUS GROUPS AS MONODROMY GROUPS." Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society 85, no. 2 (October 2008): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1446788708000840.

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43

NEWMAN, M. F. "AUTOMORPHISM GROUPS OF FREE GROUPS." Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society 85, no. 03 (December 2008): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1446788708000918.

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44

Medvedev, N. Ya. "Quasivarieties ofZ-groups and groups." Siberian Mathematical Journal 26, no. 5 (1986): 717–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00969031.

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Byrne, David P., Matthew J. Donner, and Thomas Q. Sibley. "Groups of graphs of groups." Beiträge zur Algebra und Geometrie / Contributions to Algebra and Geometry 54, no. 1 (March 6, 2012): 323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13366-012-0093-7.

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46

Hanzer, Marcela. "R-groups for metaplectic groups." Israel Journal of Mathematics 231, no. 1 (May 2019): 467–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11856-019-1860-z.

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47

Yamasaki, Masayuki. "L-groups of crystallographic groups." Inventiones Mathematicae 88, no. 3 (October 1987): 571–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01391832.

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48

Doran, C., D. Hestenes, F. Sommen, and N. Van Acker. "Lie groups as spin groups." Journal of Mathematical Physics 34, no. 8 (August 1993): 3642–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.530050.

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Soma, Teruhiko. "Function groups in Kleinian groups." Mathematische Annalen 292, no. 1 (March 1992): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01444616.

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Fairbairn, Ben. "Coxeter groups as Beauville groups." Monatshefte für Mathematik 181, no. 4 (December 9, 2015): 761–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00605-015-0848-y.

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