Academic literature on the topic 'Groups of companie'
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Journal articles on the topic "Groups of companie"
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Gevurtz, Franklin A. "Groups of Companies." American Journal of Comparative Law 66, suppl_1 (July 2018): 181–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcl/avy015.
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Garrido, Celso, and Wilson Peres. "Big Latin American industrial companies and groups." CEPAL Review 1998, no. 66 (December 1, 1998): 129–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/7326c1e4-en.
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Bouderhem, Rabaï. "Groups of Companies in European Comparative Law." European Business Law Review 32, Issue 2 (April 1, 2021): 177–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eulr2021008.
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Groups of companies are today key players in international trade through their crossborder activities. Their asset management – sometimes to the detriment of a subsidiary – or tax optimisation offered by a multitude of laws applicable to their subsidiaries make it essential to regulate groups more closely. It is unanimously accepted in France or the UK, for example, that the group of companies does not have its own nationality or a single lex societatis. However, this classic solution could be revisited and the group of companies could be apprehended as a single legal unit in specific cases. Today, few national laws deal with groups of companies as a legal unit. Very often, these are scattered provisions. In many European states, an economic unit of the group can sometimes be retained by certain legislative and regulatory provisions but also by the courts such as in competition law or in tax and social matters. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that regulation of groups of companies deserves to be revived by the European authorities and that the economic, political and social challenges are considerable for all member states of the European Union and beyond. Indeed, the Court of Justice of the European Union has shown real normative power with regard to groups of companies, due to the absence of a directive or regulation applicable to groups. The German legislation on groups of companies is a prime example and the regulations relating to the European company remind us that a consensus is possible at the level of the European Union.
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Rossignoli, Francesca. "Italian compliance programmes in groups of companies." International Journal of Auditing Technology 1, no. 3/4 (2013): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijaudit.2013.057732.
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Tanne, J. H. "US doctors' groups criticise insurance companies' ratings." BMJ 341, aug04 2 (August 4, 2010): c4168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c4168.
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Johnson, Ukpong Uwem. "Group Cohesiveness and Organizational Citizenship Behavior of Oil Companies in Nigeria." Journal of Advanced Research in Quality Control & Management 4, no. 1 (August 17, 2019): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2582.3280.201907.
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Buchta, S., and Z. Štulrajter. "Marginalised groups of rural population." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 54, No. 12 (December 18, 2008): 566–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/285-agricecon.
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The paper deals with the analysis of the typology of unemployed people in agriculture. Approximately 35–40% of people from this unemployment group have already no more chance to be reintegrated into the labour market. The analysis points to out the regional occurrence of this type of unemployment (less urbanised sub-mountain areas, stagnating and backward regions facing various processes of de-industrialisation, etc) and evaluates its wider socio-economic impacts. After 2000, the fragmentation of employment contracts in the corporative types of farms (agricultural co-operatives and companies) begins to appear in the agricultural sector. The category of seasonal agricultural workers with decreased labour and social protection begins to emerge as well. As a result of the strategy to cope with the situation, a certain self-supplying (subsistence farming) subculture was established in the Slovak rural areas to mitigate the difficult economic conditions of the rural households endangered by income deprivation, including the decreased purchasing power of rural population.
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Corapi, Diego. "The Law on Groups of Companies in Italy." European Company Law 16, Issue 4 (August 1, 2019): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eucl2019018.
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Suri, Noémi. "Insolvent Groups of Companies in the European Union." Bratislava Law Review 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.46282/blr.2020.4.2.179.
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Before 26 June 2017, there was no single universal regulation governing the treatment of insolvency cases concerning groups of companies or certain members of a group in the European Union. The Regulation (EU) 2015/848 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 May 2015 on insolvency proceedings defines the effective execution of insolvency proceedings at the different group members involved as the general objective of the legal source. The aim of my paper is to review the detailed rules of group coordination proceedings, during which I focus on the request for opening group coordination proceedings, on the possibility of defining which court has jurisdiction, on the review of the opt-out and opt-in rights related to group coordination proceedings and on the presentation of the powers assigned to the coordinator.Before 26 June 2017, there was no single universal regulation governing the treatment of insolvency cases concerning groups of companies or certain members of a group in the European Union. The Regulation (EU) 2015/848 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 May 2015 on insolvency proceedings defines the effective execution of insolvency proceedings at the different group members involved as the general objective of the legal source. The aim of my paper is to review the detailed rules of group coordination proceedings, during which I focus on the request for opening group coordination proceedings, on the possibility of defining which court has jurisdiction, on the review of the opt-out and opt-in rights related to group coordination proceedings and on the presentation of the powers assigned to the coordinator.
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Trivun, Veljko. "Groups of Companies and Liability within the Group." Journal of Forensic Accounting Profession 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 61–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jfap-2021-0005.
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Abstract Groups of companies have existed ever since the early 20th century in the legal and economic terms. Over time, their concept was complemented, both in legislation and in the corporate practice. The issue of establishing and managing groups of companies is regulated by the corporate legislation. It particularly regulates the concept of the controlling and subsidiary company, company with mutual shares, holding, concern, association of companies and other forms of company associations. In terms of the legal definition, these are associated companies composed of two or more companies that are affiliated to each other as follows: by share in equity or membership interests (equity-related companies), by contract (contract-related companies); by equity and contract (mixed-related companies). These associated companies include a parent company and one or more subsidiary companies, which may be related by equity, contract or both. Besides the general concept of the associated companies, the author aims to point to the liability in a common activity as a group of companies. A particular attention is drawn to the legal treatment and obligations resulting from the International Accounting Standards and binding financial statements related to them.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Groups of companie"
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PRATAVIERA, STEFANO WALTER. "LA TUTELA DELL'AZIONISTA MINORITARIO DELLA S.P.A HOLDING NEI GRUPPI DI SOCIETA'." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/753104.
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La disciplina dei gruppi di società introdotta dal legislatore italiano in occasione della riforma del 2003 ha radicalmente omesso il tema della tutela dell’azionista della società holding che sia estraneo alla compagine di controllo.
Anche costui, tuttavia, risulta esposto, in ragione dell’effetto diluitivo (o Mediatisierungseffekt) che strutturalmente connota la posizione di cui è titolare, a peculiari forme di pregiudizio, sia sotto il profilo patrimoniale che sotto quello partecipativo, rivenienti dal compimento, nelle società eterodirette, di particolari operazioni incidenti sulla struttura stessa dell’attività o, più generalmente, da condotte gestorie inefficienti o predatorie, rispetto alle quali la mancanza di un rapporto diretto di partecipazione rende più difficoltosa l’attivazione dei rimedi ordinariamente riconosciuti dall’ordinamento nel quadro di una società monade.
A fronte di una analitica scansione dei diversi momenti (inizio, svolgimento e cessazione dell’attività di direzione e coordinamento) in cui lo specifico interesse di cui è portatore l’azionista di minoranza di una holding può venire in rilievo, nonché di un ripensamento dei contenuti della funzione gestoria di cui è investito l’organo amministrativo di una società posta al vertice di un’organizzazione di gruppo (segnatamente, in termini di verifica della configurabilità di un eventuale obbligo – nei confronti della holding medesima – di monitoraggio, o di eterodirezione informativa, ovvero di esercizio di una eterodirezione operativa), l’obiettivo perseguito è quello di apprestare in via interpretativa – anche per effetto della comparazione con altri ordinamenti in cui il fenomeno ha trovato significativa emersione, e pur nei limiti segnati dal vigente quadro normativo interno – una tutela soddisfacente della posizione del socio minoritario di una s.p.a. capogruppo: ipotizzando, anzitutto, la sussistenza, in capo agli amministratori di quest’ultima, di un obbligo di sottoporre all’autorizzazione dell’assemblea della medesima tutte quelle decisioni idonee ad imprimere un nuovo corso all’impresa, anche laddove adottate in una società eterodiretta, risultando altrimenti esposti a responsabilità per violazione del canone di diligenza professionale su di loro gravante.
Sul piano reattivo, poi, la tutela riconosciuta all’azionista di minoranza della holding viene ad articolarsi in termini precipuamente risarcitori (e non invalidatori), mediante l’esercizio delle azioni di responsabilità disciplinate dal diritto societario a fronte dell’inadempimento, da parte degli amministratori, degli obblighi loro imposti, così come ricostruiti nello specifico contesto di espletamento dell’incarico gestorio dettato dall’articolazione dell’attività imprenditoriale su scala di gruppo e dall’esercizio della stessa in posizione di vertice.
Lo strumento di reazione così delineato, tuttavia, è strutturalmente proiettato a salvaguardare, tendenzialmente, i (soli) profili patrimoniali incorporati nella partecipazione, salvo prospettarsi un’estensione dell’area del danno risarcibile anche al pregiudizio specificamente incidente sui contenuti partecipativi della medesima: allo scopo, allora, di individuare un – (parzialmente) meno controverso – presidio normativo a protezione (anche) di questi ultimi, appare possibile invocare lo strumento offerto dal controllo giudiziario, ampliandone l’ambito applicativo – laddove azionato dai soci della capogruppo – anche alle irregolarità gestionali rivenienti dall’esercizio della direzione unitaria a livello delle società eterodirette, in ragione della loro idoneità a ripercuotersi sulle vicende sociali della prima, ed estendendo la legittimazione a richiedere l’ispezione delle seconde anche agli azionisti della holding.In 2003, the Italian lawmaker introduced for the first time a regulation aimed to discipline the groups of companies: the case for protecting minority shareholders of the parent company, however, was completely disregarded. Nevertheless, they are exposed to some significant and peculiar risks, in consideration of the dilutive effect (or Mediatisierungseffekt) which structurally affects their situation both on a financial and participatory ground. Indeed, by hiving parts of the business from the parent down to the subsidiaries, the influence of the parent’s shareholders can be significantly watered down, and they can suffer from the fulfilment of operations, realized in the context of one or more subsidiaries, which affect the very core of the business (even if carried out on a multi-subjective scale), or again from the implementation of an inefficient or predatory management at a lower level of the control chain: in both cases, the lack of a direct participatory relationship prevent parent company’s minority shareholders from activating the ordinary remedies provided for by the legislation within a stand-alone company. The analysis entails, in the first place, an analytical inspection of the different circumstances (i.e. the beginning, the development and the end of the exercise of direction and coordination powers over controlled entities) in which the specific interests brought by parent company’s minority shareholders may arise; then, a reconsideration of the contents of the function which the management of a holding company is entrusted with, notably in terms of evaluation of the possibility to shape up a duty – towards the holding company itself – of informative hetero-direction, or rather of operative hetero-direction. The pursued aim is that to set up, interpretatively – also through a comparative analysis of the foreign systems in which the issue at hand came into light; still, within the limits of the legal framework outlined by the Italian lawmaker –, a satisfactory protection for minority shareholders of a holding joint-stock company. In this perspective, a major tool for increasing their involvement in fundamental business decisions, even if adopted on a subsidiary level, could be found in charging the management of the holding company with the duty (to be included within the general duty of care which they are bound to respect) to submit each of those decisions for authorization to the shareholders’ meeting of the holding company itself, being otherwise liable for breach of duty. The protection granted to parent company’s minority shareholders, in this reasoning, lays on the liability ground, by recognizing them the standing to sue the directors of their company through a derivative action (or, if the proper conditions are met, a direct action) after the breach of duty they incurred in. However, this tool of reaction is naturally aimed to redress the monetary loss inherent with the financial contents embedded in the shareholding phenomenon, while it could be less effective as to the participatory aspects embedded as well into the share (unless including the eventual impairments affecting the latter within the area of refundable damages). In order to provide some (at least, partly less controversial) kind of protection also for the participatory contents incorporated in the share, an additional tool could be identified in the judiciary control. However, its scope of application – whenever activated by parent company’s shareholders – should be extended also to the management’s irregularities arising from the exercise of direction and coordination powers which take place on the subsidiaries’ level, in consideration of the fact that a jeopardizing or defaulting governance within the latter may detrimentally and substantially affect the participatory features embedded in the share (since the further and the opaquer the management is, the more rarefied the chances of control get), as well as the economic value of the shares held by the parent company in the subsidiary and, therefore, of those directly held in the parent company. Furthermore, in order to increase the effectiveness of the remedy, holding company’s shareholders should be entitled with the standing to sue for obtaining a judicial order of inspection of the subsidiaries.
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Stevens, Richard Arno. "The external relations of company groups in South African law : a critical comparative analysis." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6883.
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Thesis (LLD (Mercantile Law))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Groups of companies are part of the realities of the modern economic system. Despite the fact that such groups often function as a single economic entity, the legal point of departure remains that each company within the group of companies is a separate juristic person. The result of this is that a creditor of a company within the group can, in principle, only enforce his claim against the company which he contracted with or which caused him harm. Should he wish to claim from the holding company or other solvent companies within the group, he would have to rely on an exception to the doctrine of separate juristic personality, viz the possibility of piercing the socalled corporate veil. This dissertation is a comparative study of the extent to which the law protects a creditor of an insolvent company within a group. The applicable laws of Australia, Germany, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States of America, were investigated and compared to the South African position. The dissertation concludes that the South African legal treatment of the problem is unsatisfactory and that the law should be amended through appropriate legislation.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Maatskappygroepe is realiteite in die moderne ekonomiese wêreld. Ten spyte van die feit dat maatskappygroepe dikwels een ekonomiese entiteit vorm, huldig die reg die standpunt dat elke maatskappy binne ‘n groep maatskappye ‘n aparte regspersoon is. Die gevolg van hierdie standpunt is dat ‘n skuldeiser van ‘n maatskappy binne ‘n groep in beginsel slegs ‘n eis het teen die maatskappy met wie hy gekontrakteer het of wat hom skade berokken het. Indien hy ‘n eis teen die houermaatskappy of ander solvente maatskappye binne die groep wil instel, moet hy steun op ‘n uitsondering op die leerstuk van aparte regspersoonlikheid, te wete die moontlikheid om die sogenaamde korporatiewe sluier te deurdring. Hierdie proefskrif is ‘n regsvergelykende ondersoek van die beskerming van ‘n skuldeiser van ‘n insolvente maatskappy binne ‘n groep. Die toepaslike reg van Australië, Duitsland, Nieu-Seeland, die Verenigde Koninkryk en die Verenigde State van Amerika word ondersoek en vergelyk met die Suid-Afrikaanse regsposisie. Die proefskrif kom tot die gevolgtrekking dat die Suid-Afrikaanse regsreëling onbevredigend is en deur geskikte wetgewing gewysig moet word.
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Larsson, Björn. "Koncernföretaget : ägarorganisation eller organisation för ägare?" Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Företagslednings- och Arbetslivsfrågor (A), 1989. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-757.
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Betydelsen av ägarkontroll i företag är, trots stor uppmärksamhet i samhällsdebatten, omtvistad och oklar. En förklaring är att maktaspekter tidigare dominerat ägarforskningens fokus. En annan gemensam nämnare för rådande forskningsinriktning har varit teorins uppmärksamhet mot ägares externa, ofta kvantifierade, företagsrelation. Hur ägarkontroll internt kan omformas i stora företag har emellertid behandlats mer sparsamt. I föreliggande studie kombineras därför, såväl empiriskt som teoretiskt, ägarkontrollens externa aktivering med dess interna utformning. När frågor om ägarkontroll i svenska koncerner vanligen behandlas sker detta utifrån en relativt homogen uppfattning om ägarkontroll. Den föreställningsram, som vuxit fram under det senaste årtiondet, sammanfattas i studien med hjälp av följande teser: Effektivitet i ägandet skall säkerställas genom den "konkurrens" om kontroll som indirekt erbjuds alla aktieägare i börsbolag. När kampen om kontroll väl avslutas och en aktör "uppnått" dominerande kontroll, bör ett "aktivt" ägande utövas. Ägandet bör vidare vara "personligt" och därmed särskilt från centrala och anonyma ägarinstitutioner och samtidigt "långsiktigt". I studien presenteras alternativ av dessa antaganden. Tesen om ägarkonkurrens ställs mot möjligheten för ägare att samarbeta om kontrollen. Tesen om ägarkontroll sett som ett statiskt tillstånd i företaget ställs mot dynamiken i ett koncernföretags interna kontrollmekanismer. Normen om det personliga ägandets effektivitet bör i sin tur ställas mot koncernens möjlighet till intern ägarspecialisering. Teserna om det aktiva och långsiktiga ägandet granskas slutligen i studien med avseende på varierad aktivitetsnivå liksom behovet av differentierad utvärderingstid för olika typer av resurser i företag.Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögsk.
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Jonsson, Hanna, and Alexander Wahrgren. "Group composition at companies : How should multinational companies group employees for internal courses?" Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskaplig kommunikation och lärande (ECE), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-198643.
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Group composition is common in education and is fairly well examined at a school level but not within competence development in a working environment. How should a group of coworkers be grouped when attending a course? This can be a complicated question, especially at a big company such as Atlas Copco which has employees from all over the world. The main object with this report is to find which aspects has to be taken into account when putting people together in groups at a multinational company and secondly give a proposal to Atlas Copco for how the groups should be constructed in the company. The data collected for this report was gathered mostly during the two focus group discussions that were held by the researchers. This material was complemented with interviews held before and after the focus groups meetings, to get a more profound picture of the company. The outcome of the interviews and discussions were then compared with relevant literature on the subject, to be able to make an analysis on the important factors. Findings from the analysis shows that language and previous knowledge are limiting factors and should therefore determine if a person is allowed to attend a certain course. The more knowledge the course participants have in the subject and how well the participants understand the spoken language, the more information exchange will occur between the teacher and course participants. Geographical cultural differences were found to have a slight importance when designing groups but not so significant that special action has to be taken. Combining or keeping separate departments apart during a course were found to be a question on whether or not the different subcultures at the company could be mixed or not. In this case the informants in the research believed it was more beneficial for the company to mix, to prevent the subcultures to grow in separate ways. The conclusion is that the most important aspect of a group constellation are the language and previous knowledge in the subject of the course. This must therefore be taken in consideration when designing a group in a multinational company, if the goal of the course is to efficiently spread information to and among the participants. If an additional aim with the course is to make the participants learn to know other departments’ way of working it should be considered to have quotas for different departments to make the group heterogeneous in this way to enable for the participants to learn from each other.Gruppsammansättningens betydelse är en omdiskuterad företeelse som är vanligt förekommande i utbildningssammanhang och är relativt väl utforskat på skolnivå men inte när det gäller kompetensutveckling inom arbetslivet. Hur ska en gruppsammansättning av arbetskamrater se ut vid ett kurstillfälle? Det kan vara en komplicerad fråga, speciellt på ett stort företag som Atlas Copco vilka har anställda över hela världen. Huvudsyftet med denna rapport är att finna vilka aspekter som behöver tas hänsyn till när folk blir sammansatta i grupper i multinationella företag och ge förslag till Atlas Copco hur grupperingen ska genomföras inom företaget. Data för denna rapport insamlades mestadels under två fokusgruppsdiskussioner som hölls av forskarna. Som komplement till detta material hölls intervjuer både före och efter fokusgruppsmötena för att få en bredare inblick i företaget. Resultatet från intervjuerna och diskussionerna jämfördes sedan med relevant litteratur för att analysera de viktiga faktorerna. Resultat av analysen visar att språkkunskaper och tidigare kunskap i ämnet behöver vara begränsande faktorer vid bestämmandet om en person tillåts närvara vid specifika kurser. Om en person inte har tillräcklig kunskap i språket kursen hålls i, sker inget lyckat informationsutbyte mellan lärare och kursdeltagare och samma gäller aspekten med tidigare kunskap. Geografiskt kulturella skillnader visades vara av ringa betydelse vid designande av grupper men inte så viktiga att det behövs vidtas speciella åtgärder. Huruvida olika avdelningar ska blandas vid kurstillfället visade sig vara en fråga ifall olika subkulturer inom företaget kan blandas. I det här fallet tyckte informanterna det var fördelaktigt för företaget att blanda subkulturer som förhinder mot att de växer ifrån varandra i olika riktningar. Slutsatsen visar att om målet för en kurs inom kompetensutveckling på ett multinationellt företag är att sprida information till och mellan deltagarna så är de viktigaste aspekterna vid formande av grupper, språk och tidigare kunskap. Om ett ytterligare mål är att deltagarna ska lära sig om olika avdelningar och hur de arbetar är det möjligt att sätta kvoter för de olika deltagande avdelningarna för att kursen ska genomföras och säkerställa en heterogenitet i detta avseende för att deltagarna ska ges bästa möjlighet att lära av varandra.
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Saïd, Inès. "Les groupes de sociétés : étude de droit tunisien à la lueur du droit français." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010287.
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La prise en compte du phénomène des groupes de sociétés par le droit est, depuis longtemps, un sujet qui divise la doctrine et qui ne trouve pas de réponse uniforme au niveau des diverses législations. L'idée d'instituer un droit des groupes, initié dans l'Allemagne des années 1960, continue à faire débat, aujourd'hui même, dans plusieurs pays. En Tunisie, précisément, la question a été tranchée sans grands débats et de manière circonstancielle par l'adoption d'une réglementation d'ensemble. La présente thèse a pour objet d'analyser la manière dont le Droit tunisien a appréhendé et organisé le phénomène des groupes de sociétés avec pour objectif principal d'assurer la protection des intérêts en présence. A cet effet, l'analyse a porté sur l'émergence de la notion en droit tunisien et le régime spécifique des groupes. Menée à la lueur du droit français, elle a permis de donner à l'étude un éclairage particulièrement utileThe legal framework of the groups companies has long been a subject which divides the doctrine keeping in mind that is not resolved in a uniform manner by legislators. The idea of establishing a special group law was initiated in Gemrany in the 1960s, and continues .to be a subject to debate even today in several countries. ln Tunisia, specifically, the issue was resolved without major debates and in a circumstantial manner through the introduction of an appropriate regulatory framework. In this context, his thesis aims to analyze the ways in which the Tunisian lav,I was able to organize the phenomenon of groups of companies and protect the stakeholder's interests. This research was backed up by the analysis of the emergence of the concept of groups in Tunisian law, as well as its legal framework in the light of French law to allow deepen knowledge an understanding of it
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Belliart, Michel. "Actions de groupes de Lie sur les variétés compactes." Valenciennes, 1995. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/9806b24c-e64d-4e28-b75a-6d3de2b5eb3a.
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Cette thèse est en deux parties. Dans la première partie, on énonce, justifie et montre partiellement la conjecture suivante : L'action localement libre de codimension 1, au moins deux fois continument différentiable et préservant le volume d'un groupe de Lie non-unimodulaire sur une variété compacte est conjuguée dans sa classe de différentiabilité à une action homogène. On fournit également des exemples de groupes auxquels ce résultat s'applique. Dans la seconde partie, on répond complètement au problème suivant, posé par J. F. Plante en 1986 : A quelles conditions un groupe de Lie connexe donné peut-il agir continument et sans point fixe global sur une surface compacte donnée ? On en déduit une réponse à trois questions posées par Plante dans le même domaine. Ces deux résultats constituent la partie originale de la thèse. Ils sont précédés de deux survols, l'un de la théorie de Lie, l'autre de celle des surfaces, et la seconde partie est suivie d'une copie du dernier chapitre de la thèse de Mostow, ce qui en facilite la lecture.
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Avgitidis, Dimitris Konstandinou. "Groups of companies : the liability of the parent company for the debts of its subsidiary." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1993. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/groups-of-companies--the-liability-of-the-parent-company-for-the-debts-of-its-subsidiary(fe979ef1-acb5-43a6-a635-ab2ec2c1da83).html.
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Mitsakis, Nicolaos. "Shipping groups of companies : the phenomenon of one-ship companies and protection of creditors." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66231.
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Nitzan, Jonathan. "Holding groups and the Israeli economy." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63814.
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Pretot, Sophie. "Les communautés d'intérêts : essai sur des ensembles de personnes dépourvus de personnalité juridique." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01D012.
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Indivisaires, concubins, membres d'une même famille, copropriétaires siégeant à une même assemblée, sociétés d'un même groupe, adhérents à un même parti politique, salariés d'une même unité économique et sociale, couple d'époux ou de partenaires, personnels de direction d'une même clinique... aucun lien ne semble rapprocher ces situations. Pourtant, toutes ont pu être qualifiées de "communautés d'intérêts". Hasard du langage ou, à l'inverse, signe de l'émergence d'une véritable notion ? Quels enseignements peuvent être tirés de l'emploi récurrent de l'expression "communauté d'intérêts" en droit positif ? Approfondissement minutieusement l'état de notre droit, cet essai s'applique à démontrer l'existence de la nation de communauté d'intérêts, ses spécificités et tout l'intérêt de sa consécration. Appréhendant la communauté d'intérêts comme un ensemble de personnes unies par des liens particuliers, l'étude menée ici s'avère audacieuse. Elle met à la disposition du juge et du législateur des outils de protection adaptés aux particularités de cette entité juridique et requise par celle-ci. D'une utilité pratique indéniable, l'étude répond également à une nécessité théorique. Elle propose de combler un vide juridique, celui qui existe au sein des groupements de personnes, et situe ainsi les diverses communautés d'intérêts entre les ensembles dépourvus de toute cohésion et ceux qui sont dotés de la personnalité morale ou qui en sont privés pour des raisons formellesInterest owners, cohabitees, members of a same family, co-owners at a same general assembly, subsidiairies of a same company, members of a same political party, employees of a same economic and social entity, spouses or life partners, management staff of a same clinic... these appear as unrelated and dissimilar simulations. Yet, all qualify as "communities of interests". Is this a mere vocabulary coincidence or the indication that a genuine concept is emerging ? What lessons can we learn from the recurring use of the term "communities of interest" in positive law ? Thoroughly researching the state of our law, this essay demonstrates the concept of "community of interest", its specificities and why it should be legally anchored. Apprehending the community of interest as a group of people united by special ties, the study undertaken here appears bold. It provides the judge and the legislator with protection tools adapted to the particularities of this legal entity and required by it. The study answers a theoretical necessity, and demonstrates its undeniable practical use. It proposes to fill a legal vacuum that exists within groups of people, and thus places the different communities of interest between the entities without any cohesion at all and those with legal personality or who are deprived of legal personality for formal reasons
Books on the topic "Groups of companie"
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Manóvil, Rafael Mariano, ed. Groups of Companies. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36697-1.
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Wymeersch, Eddy, ed. Groups of Companies in the EEC. Berlin, New York: DE GRUYTER, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110869651.
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Squires, Michael B. Tax planning for groups of companies. London: Butterworths, 1985.
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Tax planning for groups of companies. 2nd ed. London: Butterworths, 1990.
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Tax planning for groups of companies. London: Butterworths, 1985.
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Rietbergen, Ton van. The internationalization of European insurance groups. Utrecht: Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, 1999.
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Im, Yŏng-jae. Corporate governance of group companies. Seoul, Korea: Korea Development Institute, 2009.
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Sandy, Lutz, and PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, eds. Physician group management at the crossroads: Developing, operating & growing physician and dental groups. New York: McGraw Hill, 1999.
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Agarwal, R. K. Tax planning for group of companies. Delhi: Hind Law Publishers, 1994.
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Taxation of corporate groups. Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands: Kluwer Law International, 2013.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Groups of companie"
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Manóvil, Rafael M. "Groups of Companies: Les groupes de sociétés." In Ius Comparatum - Global Studies in Comparative Law, 1–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36697-1_1.
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Manóvil, Rafael M. "Groups of Companies." In Ius Comparatum - Global Studies in Comparative Law, 283–322. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48675-4_11.
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Moustaira, Elina. "Groups of Companies." In International Insolvency Law, 119–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04450-3_7.
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Rankin, H. C. D., and D. M. Catterall. "Groups of Companies." In Corporation Tax, 130–57. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19835-1_5.
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Jeannet, Jean-Pierre, Thierry Volery, Heiko Bergmann, and Cornelia Amstutz. "Franchise Focus Choices." In Masterpieces of Swiss Entrepreneurship, 93–100. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65287-6_9.
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AbstractThis chapter centers around the concept of the customer franchise defined as a distinct group of users for whom a company offers a central element or product. Explanations are offered how companies attach such groups to their products and create loyalty. Examples are cited of companies that manage to create a single customer franchise around a distinct group of companies that rely on the supplier for a critical part of their business processes. Franchises may also be created around a particular industry or around institutions. Particular emphasis is placed on the creation of customer franchise anchored around a particular professional group with client companies. Solution-based franchises are built on supplying entire solutions for customers also leading to a systems-centered approach in franchise building. The chapter ends with company examples of consumer franchise building practiced by B2C firms and how this process differs from the franchise building in the B2B sectors.
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Chávez, Christopher. "Interpublic Group of Companies." In Global Media Giants, 464–76. New York; London: Routledge, 2016.: Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315682334-29.
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Blake, Allan. "Board Architecture and Groups of Companies." In Dynamic Directors, 151–79. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14889-9_6.
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Colpan, Asli M., and Alvaro Cuervo-Cazurra. "Business groups." In The Routledge Companion to the Makers of Global Business, 234–48. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge companions in business, management and accounting: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315277813-15.
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McAuley, James W. "Researching ‘Militant Groups’." In The Companion to Peace and Conflict Fieldwork, 131–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46433-2_9.
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Wera, Tom. "Groups of Companies Under Belgian Company Law: An Analysis of Some Points of Attention and Evolutions." In Economic and Financial Law & Policy – Shifting Insights & Values, 57–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92620-5_3.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Groups of companie"
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Łyskawa, Krzysztof, Arleta Kędra, Lyubov Klapkiv, and Jurij Klapkiv. "Digitalization in insurance companies." In Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Economics Engineering. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cibmee.2019.086.
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Purpose – the main idea of the article was to characterize the process of digitalization in insurance companies through the implementation of information and communication technologies (ICT). This research examined the relationship between the expenses for information technologies of selected insurance companies and the results of their activity. Research methodology – the research had empirical character and was based on the analysis of two groups of indicators: digitalization and insurance. The first group characterizes the level of insurance companies’ investments in ICT, and the second – the results of insurance activity. Data were collected from notes to financial statements of top 4 European insur-ance groups. The results have been received based on correlation analysis. Findings – the results of the research showed that there is a different tendency in the raising of ICT investments and the values of gross premiums, claims, and expenses. This result deals with the important question in insurance if the higher invests in technologies could be a factor of insurers’ effectiveness. Research limitations – most important limitation relates to the lack of complete data about information and communica-tion technologies in insurers. It is closely connected with some ambiguity in defining modern information technologies. Practical implications – the results of the research could be used in the decision-making process in practice or future re-search. Originality/Value – in the research the possibility to combine analysis and comparison of selected parameters of digitali-zation based on financial statements of insurance companies was described.
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Vercosa, Luiz Felipe, Rodrigo Lira, Rodrigo Monteiro, Kleber Silva, Jailson Magalhaes, Alexandre Maciel, Byron L. D. Bezerra, and Carmelo Bastos-Filho. "Impact of Unusual Features in Credit Scoring Problem." In Symposium on Knowledge Discovery, Mining and Learning. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/kdmile.2020.11962.
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Standard features used for Credit Scoring includes mainly registration and financial data from customers. However, exploring new features is of great interest for financial companies, since slight improvements in the person score directly impact the company revenue. In this work, we categorize features from open credit scoring datasets and compare them with the features found in a real company dataset. The company dataset contains unusual feature groups such as historical, geolocation, web behavior, and demographic data. We performed bivariate tests using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov metric and features to assess the performance of the particular feature groups. We also generated a score of good payer by using AdaBoost, Multilayer Perceptron, and XGBoost algorithms. Then, we analyzed the results with different metrics and compared them with the real company results. Our main finding was that these features added a small improvement to current datasets. We also identified the most promising feature groups and noticed that the tuned XGBoost performed better than the company solution in three out of four deployed metrics.
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Gryzunova, Natalia V., Olga V. Romanchenko, Usmon S. Karimov, Fatimat D. Ulbasheva, and Elena I. Gromova. "Modern dividend policy strategies for sustainable socio-economic development." In Sustainable and Innovative Development in the Global Digital Age. Dela Press Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56199/dpcsebm.rucg6894.
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The present time needs additional drivers for economic growth and market stabilization instruments which could be represented by dividend and tax policies. The main priority today (not only in Russia, but worldwide) is stability. Many companies form target groups of minority, institutional and majority shareholders and investors and motivate their specific fiscal behavior towards the company. All of this requires financial and social innovations and dividend strategies. The purpose of the article is identification of dependence between the dividend policy, key company performance parameters and investment behavior of the public. Whereas in the past, according to the firm value theory, companies tried to extend capitalization of companies and thus increase the shareholders’ yield, presently shareholders are interested in creating a profitable dividend portfolio, since the returns on it have become comparable to deposits and bond investments. As far as the sources of income have changed, the tax policy is changing too. The financial behavior of market participants has changed; the disintermediation is fining off; further differentiation of tax and non-tax revenue rates has taken place. It is necessary to optimize the tax burden on investors, to differentiate them into financial groups and to ensure adequate dividend payments for each group.
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Heilweil, E. J. "Population Lifetimes of OH(v=1) and OD(v=1) Vibrations in Alcohols, Silanols and Crystalline Micas." In International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.1986.wb3.
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Vibrational energy dynamics and residence times in fundamental modes of condensed-phase molecules must somehow play a role in bond-breaking physical and chemical processes. Since certain functional groups of molecules are more reactive than others, it seems necessary to compare, as a first step, the vibrational lifetimes (T1) of a specific group in a variety of molecules and chemical environments. One would also like to know whether structural or other vibrational properties of a molecule determine a particular functional group's reactivity.
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Turkey, Mikdam, and Riccardo Poli. "Social adaptive groups." In the 13th annual conference companion. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2001858.2002001.
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Smaliukienė, Rasa, and Dominykas Kregždė. "FACTORS INFLUENCING POSITIVE CUSTOMER EXPERIENCES ONLINE." In 23rd Conference for Young Researchers "Economics and Management". Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/vvf.2020.011.
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The main purpose of this article is to identify factors and measure their influence on creation of positive customer experiences online. Methods that are used in this article are literature analysis for factor identification and Analytic Hierarchy Process, Kendall coefficient of expert competence and TOPSIS method to assess the influence that identified factors have on creation of positive customer experience online. For the conducted research, two groups of respondents were used. One group consisted of experts from fields related to the topic of this article and another was a group of target audience who responded to given questions. Research revealed how each factor influences creation of positive customer experiences online. In addition to this, companies from a similar business field were ranked using TOPSIS method based on how each factor affects each company.
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Bloomer, Sarah A., and Susan J. Wolfe. "The Hiser Group." In Conference companion. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/257089.257217.
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Hedden, Owen F. "Changes Needed to Address Current Institutional Problems." In ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2003-1805.
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The voluntary support of ASME boiler and pressure vessel Code-writing activity began with the boiler manufacturer leaders getting together to address the problem of catastrophic failures of boilers and pressure vessels. Even into the 1970s, many companies sent their V-P level engineering people to the “Boiler Code”. Not just the major manufacturers, but also the architect-engineers, material suppliers, and inspection/insurance companies had staffs devoted to ASME codes and standards activities. In 1969 I was assigned to a group of four engineers whose full-time responsibility was to the work of the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee. And there were many others in the company who were also heavily involved in these and other ASME standards committees. The companies were also making other related contributions, such as designing, manufacturing, and donating test vessels to industry R&D groups. All of this meant that we had a great deal of technical support, as well as the usual secretarial support. And six Code meetings per year.
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Doucek, Petr, Martina Kuncova, Ludek Novak, and Lea Nedomova. "Information Security Audit and Main Findings in Czech and Slovak Companies." In Organizations at Innovation and Digital Transformation Roundabout: Conference Proceedings. University of Maribor Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-388-3.10.
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Ensuring the security of information systems of companies is one of the important functions of the Corporate Informatics Department. One effective tool for building secured information systems is to audit their security. This article analyzes the results of 66 security audits in companies in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic during the years 2015-2018. The structure of the audit findings and their groups corresponds to the structure of ISO/IEC 27001: 20013. Using the data, we have formulated two hypotheses. The first hypothesis was about the dependence of the audit results on the size of the company; the second hypothesis examined the dependence of the audit results on the year of its performance. We used Pearson’s chisquare independence test to verify these hypotheses. We have grouped the detailed audit results to provide clear proof. Based on the achieved results, we can say that the analyzed audit results showed the dependence of the audit results on the size of the company as well as on the year the audit was performed. The discussion then explains the reasons for the identified dependencies.
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"Comparative Approach to Shoulder Rehabilitation in the treatment of Adhesive Capsulitis: Compare the Effectiveness of Therapeutic Ultrasound with Codman’s Exercise & Codman’s Exercise Alone In improving Shoulder Range of Motion." In 4th International Conference on Biological & Health Sciences (CIC-BIOHS’2022). Cihan University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/biohs2022/paper.649.
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This study aims to lineate the efficacy of the two treatment regimens (Group A: Codman’s Exercise with Therapeutic Ultrasound and Group B: Codman’s Exercise alone). The study had a Pre & Post experimental design. Each of the subjects were divided into two groups with two distinct interventions. After the treatment the VAS score in ultrasound and Codman’s exercise group was 5.86 and 1.18 respectively and in only Codman’s exercise group was 5 and 1.13 respectively. In context to SPADI score the mean and standard deviation after the treatment in ultrasound and Codman’s exercise group was 62.70 and 5.28 respectively and in only Codman’s exercise group was 56.01 and 4.75 respectively. Overall results show that, there is significant improvement in pain, disability and Movement (VAS, SPADI and ROM respectively) in both the treatment groups. However, as compared between two groups: Group A is supposed to have significant outcomes as compared to the Group B. In conclusion to the findings, Ultrasound with Codman’s exercise is expected to ameliorate pain and increase function if incorporated in the treatment regime of the cases with Adhesive Capsulitis.
Reports on the topic "Groups of companie"
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Nechaev, V., Володимир Миколайович Соловйов, and A. Nagibas. Complex economic systems structural organization modelling. Politecnico di Torino, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/1118.
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One of the well-known results of the theory of management is the fact, that multi-stage hierarchical organization of management is unstable. Hence, the ideas expressed in a number of works by Don Tapscott on advantages of network organization of businesses over vertically integrated ones is clear. While studying the basic tendencies of business organization in the conditions of globalization, computerization and internetization of the society and the results of the financial activities of the well-known companies, the authors arrive at the conclusion, that such companies, as IBM, Boeing, Mercedes-Benz and some others companies have not been engaged in their traditional business for a long time. Their partner networks performs this function instead of them. The companies themselves perform the function of system integrators. The Tapscott’s idea finds its confirmation within the framework of a new powerful direction of the development of the modern interdisciplinary science – the theory of the complex networks (CN) [2]. CN-s are multifractal objects, the loss of multifractality being the indicator of the system transition from more complex state into more simple state. We tested the multifractal properties of the data using the wavelet transform modulus maxima approach in order to analyze scaling properties of our company. Comparative analysis of the singularity spectrumf(®), namely, the difference between maximum and minimum values of ® (∆ = ®max ¡ ®min) shows that IBM company is considerably more fractal in comparison with Apple Computer. Really, for it the value of ∆ is equal to 0.3, while for the vertically integrated company Apple it only makes 0.06 – 5 times less. The comparison of other companies shows that this dependence is of general character. Taking into consideration the fact that network organization of business has become dominant in the last 5-10 years, we carried out research for the selected companies in the earliest possible period of time which was determined by the availability of data in the Internet, or by historically later beginning of stock trade of computer companies. A singularity spectrum of the first group of companies turned out to be considerably narrower, or shifted toward the smaller values of ® in the pre-network period. The latter means that dynamic series were antipersistant. That is, these companies‘ management was rigidly controlled while the impact of market mechanisms was minimized. In the second group of companies if even the situation did changed it did not change for the better. In addition, we discuss applications to the construction of portfolios of stock that have a stable ratio of risk to return.
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Bolton, Laura. Armed Groups and Mining. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.137.
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The relationship between armed groups and mining is complex. Reports of armed interference in mining are provided by the United Nations (UN) Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and reported in the literature, including which groups have been found to operate in which areas. Academic analysis finds the presence of industrial mining companies reinforces the power of politico-military entrepreneurs. This rapid review found a relatively large body of literature on the issue of armed groups and mining. Articles are a mix of academic literature and agency report prioritised based on relevance to the question, date, and location. The complexity of the issue requires broader investigation than is possible within the scope of a K4D helpdesk.
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Gradín, Carlos. WIID Companion (March 2021): global income distribution. UNU-WIDER, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/wtn/2021-6.
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This document is part of a series of technical notes describing the compilation of a new companion database that complements the UNU-WIDER World Income Inequality Database. It aims at facilitating the analysis of inequality as well as progress in achieving the global goal of reducing inequality within and across countries. This new dataset includes an annual series reporting the income distribution at the percentile level for all citizens in the world, regardless of where they live, from 1950 to the present. The global distribution is displayed along with the country-level information used to produce it. The dataset also includes estimates of various global absolute and relative inequality measures, and the income share of key population groups. All estimates are further disaggregated by the contribution of inequalities within and between countries, as well as by each country’s geographical region and income group. While previous technical notes described the selection of country income distribution series and the integration and standardization process to overcome the heterogeneity in original welfare concepts and other methods, I here describe all the necessary additional steps and assumptions made to construct the new global dataset.
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Kumban, Wannisa, Anoma Santiworakul, and Salila Cetthakrikul. The effect of Animal Assisted Therapy on physical activity in elderly. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0049.
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Review question / Objective: What are the effect of Animal Assisted Therapy on physical activity in elderly. PICOs P: Elderly; I: Animal Assisted Therapy; C: Compare; O: Physical activity, physical fitness, health-related fitness; S: experimental study/ compare between group/ pre-post test. Eligibility criteria: Inclusion criteria comprised any studies that provided experimental study design or observational data on cross-sectional comparisons between groups. The outcome analyzed in this review was the effect of animal assisted or pet or human-animal interaction on physical activity that was studied in all elderly populations (age > 60 years), in any setting e.g., home, community-based, or hospital. The articles were published in English full-text articles only between 2012 and 2022.
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Lee, Huan-Fang, Tzu-Yu Liu, and Pei-Chun Lai. The effect of acupressure for insomnia : A systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0050.
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Review question / Objective: This study aims to discuss the effectiveness of acupressure, without combining any other objects or methods, in treating insomnia. Condition being studied: Previous studies mostly chose acupuncture as intervention ; even if relevant studies were found, it was rare for them to solely focus on acupressure as many of which combined other methods to compare with the control groups. In the recent systematic reviews about insomnia, selected populations, hemodialysis and hypertensive patients, in particular, were put more emphasis on. Nevertheless, most of the studies included in these reviews have the same problem mentioned above. On top of that, the placebo effect in control group was not often considered, making it hard for us to truly distinguish the effectiveness of acupressure.
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Wang, Lili, Xuesong Wang, Yin Wu, Lingxiao Ye, Yahua Zheng, and Rui Fan. The Effects of Non-Pharmacological Therapies for Psychological State of Medical Staff in the Post-epidemic Era: A Protocol Network Meta-Analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.2.0080.
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Review question / Objective: To compare and rank the clinical effects of Non-Pharmacological Therapies for Psychological State of Medical Staff in the Post-epidemic Eradifferent. Eligibility criteria: The published randomized controlled trials (RCT) of non-Pharmacological Therapies for Psychological State of Medical Staff in the Post-epidemic Era, regardless of age and gender. Patients had clear diagnostic criteria to be diagnosed. Interventions in the treatment group included were various types of non-pharmacological therapies, including various types of acupuncture therapies (such as simple acupuncture, electroacupuncture, warm acupuncture, acupuncture catgut embedding, Auricular therapy, or the combination of acupuncture and other Non-Pharmacological Therapies), meditation, Baduanjin, Tai Chi, aerobic exercise, yoga, psychotherapy, music therapy, etc.; the control group was conventional treatment groups or different non-pharmacological therapies compared with each other. The results of the report are required to include at least one of the following outcome indicators: The self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), and effectiveness rate. The language of the publication is limited to Chinese or English.
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Malkinson, Mertyn, Irit Davidson, Moshe Kotler, and Richard L. Witter. Epidemiology of Avian Leukosis Virus-subtype J Infection in Broiler Breeder Flocks of Poultry and its Eradication from Pedigree Breeding Stock. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586459.bard.
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Objectives 1. Establish diagnostic procedures to identify tolerant carrier birds based on a) Isolation of ALV-J from blood, b) Detection of group-specific antigen in cloacal swabs and egg albumen. Application of these procedures to broiler breeder flocks with the purpose of removing virus positive birds from the breeding program. 2. Survey the AL V-J infection status of foundation lines to estimate the feasibility of the eradication program 3. Investigate virus transmission through the embryonated egg (vertical) and between chicks in the early post-hatch period (horizontal). Establish a model for limiting horizontal spread by analyzing parameters operative in the hatchery and brooder house. 4. Compare the pathogenicity of AL V-J isolates for broiler chickens. 5. Determine whether AL V-J poses a human health hazard by examining its replication in mammalian and human cells. Revisions. The: eradication objective had to be terminated in the second year following the closing down of the Poultry Breeders Union (PBU) in Israel. This meant that their foundation flocks ceased to be available for selection. Instead, the following topics were investigated: a) Comparison of commercial breeding flocks with and without myeloid leukosis (matched controls) for viremia and serum antibody levels. b) Pathogenicity of Israeli isolates for turkey poults. c) Improvement of a diagnostic ELISA kit for measuring ALV-J antibodies Background. ALV-J, a novel subgroup of the avian leukosis virus family, was first isolated in 1988 from broiler breeders presenting myeloid leukosis (ML). The extent of its spread among commercial breeding flocks was not appreciated until the disease appeared in the USA in 1994 when it affected several major breeding companies almost simultaneously. In Israel, ML was diagnosed in 1996 and was traced to grandparent flocks imported in 1994-5, and by 1997-8, ML was present in one third of the commercial breeding flocks It was then realized that ALV-J transmission was following a similar pattern to that of other exogenous ALVs but because of its unusual genetic composition, the virus was able to establish an extended tolerant state in infected birds. Although losses from ML in affected flocks were somewhat higher than normal, both immunosuppression and depressed growth rates were encountered in affected broiler flocks and affected their profitability. Conclusions. As a result of the contraction in the number of international primary broiler breeders and exchange of male and female lines among them, ALV-J contamination of broiler breeder flocks affected the broiler industry worldwide within a short time span. The Israeli national breeding company (PBU) played out this scenario and presented us with an opportunity to apply existing information to contain the virus. This BARD project, based on the Israeli experience and with the aid of the ADOL collaborative effort, has managed to offer solutions for identifying and eliminating infected birds based on exhaustive virological and serological tests. The analysis of factors that determine the efficiency of horizontal transmission of virus in the hatchery resulted in the workable solution of raising young chicks in small groups through the brooder period. These results were made available to primary breeders as a strategy for reducing viral transmission. Based on phylogenetic analysis of selected Israeli ALV-J isolates, these could be divided into two groups that reflected the countries of origin of the grandparent stock. Implications. The availability of a simple and reliable means of screening day old chicks for vertical transmission is highly desirable in countries that rely on imported breeding stock for their broiler industry. The possibility that AL V-J may be transmitted to human consumers of broiler meat was discounted experimentally.
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Lotz, Amanda, Anna Potter, Marion McCutcheon, Kevin Sanson, and Oliver Eklund. Australian Television Drama Index, 1999-2019. Queensland University of Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.212330.
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This report examines changes in the production and commissioning of Australian television drama from 1999–2019, a period marked by notable changes in the business of television in Australia and globally. More production companies now make drama in Australia; however, the fact that more companies share less than half the annual hours once produced raises concerns about sustainability. Several major Australian production companies have been acquired by foreign conglomerates and challenge the viability of domestic companies that lack access to international corporate capital and distribution. The decrease in adult drama hours commissioned by commercial broadcasters has reshaped Australian television drama more than any other change. The national broadcasters have increased their role in commissioning, particularly in children’s drama. Titles have not decreased nearly as significantly as the number of episodes per series. Commercial broadcasters’ drama decreased from an average of 21 episodes per title in 1999 to seven in 2019, a 60 per cent decrease that, along with the increasing peripheralization of soaps, has diminished available training grounds and career paths in the Australian scripted production industry.
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Brännström, Mats, Ylva Carlsson, and Henrik Hagberg. Obstetric outcome after uterus transplantation. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.1.0052.
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Review question / Objective: Is delivery by elective cesarean section as safe for the mother and the neonate after uterus transplantation as after delivery by elective cesarean section for reasons such as breech and psychological indication regarding stillbirth/neonatal mortality, neonatal morbidity, maternal mortality, and morbidity? Rationale: To compare pregnancy, obstetrical and neonatal complications at delivery by cesarean section in patients that have undergone uterus transplantation and in a normal groups of women.
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Nehring, Natalia, and Simon Dacey. Formative vs Summative Quizzes as Regular Feedback on Moodle in Computer Science Courses: Which do Students Prefer? Unitec ePress, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/ocds.090.
Full textAbstract:
Deferred feedback on summative assessments can demotivate students and affect their overall learning performance, and it can change their study routines. The aim of this study is to compare and analyse students’ perceptions about summative and formative regular feedback: whether they are better motivated by being given marks, or by regular feedback without any marks. All participants were students from a Bachelor of Computer Science (BCS) degree at a New Zealand tertiary institute. Three courses were selected across three different levels of the BCS, and the sample group included 272 students from five different semesters. Summative (with marks) and formative (with feedback only) weekly quizzes were introduced in 2017, with the aim of providing early, regular feedback to students. Participants in the study were divided into two groups: students who were doing formative, and those who were doing summative quizzes. In each group, the majority of students indicated that they were happy and positive about getting regular feedback in the form of quizzes, and they appreciated the quiz questions and time spent as a way to adjust and enhance their learning. There was no real difference in students’ subjective evaluations and individual perceptions between those who had summative and those who had formative quizzes. The existence of quizzes, and the results, were important for students as weekly feedback and it didn’t matter whether marks were attached to these weekly feedback activities or not. More studies are needed to determine what type of questions could better influence students’ learning outcomes.