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1
Malo, Antoine, and Benoît Hervieu-Léger. "« Une demande démocratique s’est exprimée »." Revue Projet N° 398, no. 1 (January 15, 2024): 50–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/pro.398.0050.
Abstract:
Juin 2023. Alors que s’engage le rachat du Journal du dimanche par le groupe Bolloré, le journaliste d’extrême droite Geoffroy Lejeune est annoncé à la tête de la rédaction. Débute alors une grève historique, au large retentissement. Antoine Malo, ancien du journal, revient sur cet épisode.
2
Chen, Zhiwen, Jianguo Zhao, Zehui Liu, Xiuli Bai, Weijia Li, Zhifang Guan, Ming Zhou, and Hongwei Zhu. "Graphene-Delivered Insecticides against Cotton Bollworm." Nanomaterials 12, no. 16 (August 9, 2022): 2731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12162731.
Abstract:
Nanopesticides can facilitate controlled release kinetics and efficiently enhance the permeability of active ingredients to reduce the dosage and loss of pesticides. To clarify the synergistic mechanism of graphene–insecticide nanocarriers against cotton bollworm, treatment groups, namely, control, graphene (G), insecticide (lambda-cyhalothrin (Cyh) and cyfluthrin (Cyf)), and graphene-delivered insecticide groups were used to treat the third-instar larvae of cotton bollworm. The variations in phenotypes, namely, the body length, body weight, and mortality of the cotton bollworm, were analyzed. The results show that graphene enhances the insecticidal activity of lambda-cyhalothrin and cyfluthrin against cotton bollworm. The two graphene-delivered insecticides with optimal compositions (3:1) had the strongest inhibitory effects and the highest mortality rates, with the fatality rates for the 3/1 Cyh/G and Cyf/G mixture compositions being 62.91% and 38.89%, respectively. In addition, the 100 μg/mL Cyh/G mixture had the greatest inhibitory effect on cotton bollworm, and it decreased the body length by 1.40 mm, decreased the weight by 1.88 mg, and had a mortality rate of up to 61.85%. The 100 and 150 μg/mL Cyh/G mixtures achieved the same mortality rate as that of lambda-cyhalothrin, thus reducing the use of the insecticide by one-quarter. The graphene-delivered insecticides could effectively destroy the epicuticle spine cells of the cotton bollworm by increasing the permeability and, thus, the toxicity of the insecticides.
3
Sári-Barnácz, Fruzsina Enikő, Mihály Zalai, Stefan Toepfer, Gábor Milics, Dóra Iványi, Mariann Tóthné Kun, János Mészáros, Mátyás Árvai, and József Kiss. "Suitability of Satellite Imagery for Surveillance of Maize Ear Damage by Cotton Bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) Larvae." Remote Sensing 15, no. 23 (December 1, 2023): 5602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15235602.
Abstract:
The cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera, Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) poses significant risks to maize. Changes in the maize plant, such as its phenology, influence the short-distance movement and oviposition of cotton bollworm adults and, thus, the distribution of the subsequent larval damage. We aim to provide an overview of future approaches to the surveillance of maize ear damage by cotton bollworm larvae based on remote sensing. We focus on finding a near-optimal combination of Landsat 8 or Sentinel-2 spectral bands, vegetation indices, and maize phenology to achieve the best predictions. The study areas were 21 sweet and grain maze fields in Hungary in 2017, 2020, and 2021. Correlations among the percentage of damage and the time series of satellite images were explored. Based on our results, Sentinel-2 satellite imagery is suggested for damage surveillance, as 82% of all the extremes of the correlation coefficients were stronger, and this satellite provided 20–64% more cloud-free images. We identified that the maturity groups of maize are an essential factor in cotton bollworm surveillance. No correlations were found before canopy closure (BBCH 18). Visible bands were the most suitable for damage surveillance in mid–late grain maize (|rmedian| = 0.49–0.51), while the SWIR bands, NDWI, NDVI, and PSRI were suitable in mid–late grain maize fields (|rmedian| = 0.25–0.49) and sweet maize fields (|rmedian| = 0.24–0.41). Our findings aim to support prediction tools for cotton bollworm damage, providing information for the pest management decisions of advisors and farmers.
4
Avila, G., S. Cabrera-Villalba, P. Melgarejo, L. Roman, Z. Morel, R. Rolón, M. Zarza, et al. "AB0433 BIOLOGICAL THERAPIES SURVIVAL FOR RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS SPONDYLOARTHRITIS AND JUVENILE ONSET ARTHRITIS. A COHORT STUDY FROM BIOBADAGUAY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (May 30, 2023): 1405.2–1405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.5869.
Abstract:
BackgroundBIOBADAGUAY is the Paraguayan/Uruguayan registry of adverse events in patients with inflammatory rheumatic conditions under biologic therapy (BT). The registry includes patients with different diagnosis that share similar biological therapies indication. However, different pathogenesis, patients’ characteristics and treatment options can affect the survival of the BT.ObjectivesTo analyze survival of biological therapies among patients with chronic inflammatory arthritis in the BIOBADAGUAY registry.MethodsPatients with chronic inflammatory arthritis (CIA) such us rheumatoid arthritis (RA), spondylarthritis (SpA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and juvenile onset arthritis (JIA) enrolled in BIOBADAGUAY where analyzed. Other diseases included in the registry were grouped as others. Drug survival and clinical and epidemiological predictors were studied. Fewer than BT 25 registries were not included in the study. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier estimators, and Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs).ResultsA total of 1378 treatments (876 RA, 176 SpA, 40 JIA, 88 PsA, 98 others) were included. The mean BT survival according to diagnosis was 300.9 (95%CI, 230.6-444.4) weeks (wks) for RA; 541.6 (95%CI, 409.6-541.6) wks for SpA; 154.1 (95%CI, 125.0-194.7) wks for JIA and 555.3 (95%CI, 282.1-611.6) wks for PsA. In the general analysis, when survival was compared between different diagnosis, it was found that BT survival for SpA patients (p˂0.05; HR=1.23 [95% CI 0.97-1.56]) was higher than other CIA. On the other hand, JIA diagnosis was significantly associated with a lower BT survival (p˂0.05; HR=1.85 [95% CI 1.36–2.52]). In the general analysis, no significant differences between BT were found (p>0.05). When each drug survival was analyzed according to diagnosis, adalimumab showed a significant difference in SpA patients (p˂0,05; HR=0.55 [95% CI, 0.39-0.76]) and JIA patients (p=<0.005; HR=1.8 [95% CI 1.36–2.52]). Etanercept had a significant difference in RA (p <0.005; HR=0.57 [95% CI, 0.40-0.82]) and JIA patients (p=<0.005; HR=2.07 [95% CI, 1.39–3.06]). Following these results we analyzed JIA patients and found that remission was the principal reason of discontinuation in this group of patients (p<0.005, HR=10.700 [95% CI, 5.91–19.36]).Multivariable analysis showed that the number of previous BTs (p=0.01, HR=1.18 [95% CI, 1.03-1.34), corticosteroid treatment (p=0.05; HR=1.18 [95% CI; 0.99–1.40), SpA (p=0.01; HR=0.688 [95% CI 0.51-0.91) and JIA diagnosis (p=0.02; HR=1.4 [95% CI, 1.06-2.02]) where associated with BT survival.ConclusionIn this study we found different survival profiles according to diagnosis. This could be related to different pathogenesis, discontinuation motives and treatment options in different health systems.REFERENCES:NIL.Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsGabriela Avila Grant/research support from: Casa Boller - Roche, Sonia Cabrera-Villalba Grant/research support from: Casa Boller - Roche, Patricia Melgarejo Grant/research support from: Casa Boller - Roche, Lourdes Roman Grant/research support from: Casa Boller - Roche, ZOILO MOREL Grant/research support from: Casa Boller - Roche, Roger Rolón Grant/research support from: Casa Boller - Roche, Mariela Zarza Grant/research support from: Casa Boller - Roche, Macarena Soto Estevez: None declared, Evelyn Leiva Grant/research support from: Casa Boller - Roche, Angelica Amarilla Grant/research support from: Casa Boller - Roche, Paola Pusineri Grant/research support from: Casa Boller - Roche, Clyde PArodi Grant/research support from: Casa Boller - Roche, Carolina Díaz: None declared, Belen Acevedo: None declared, ALEJANDRO FERNANDEZ: None declared, Vannia Valinotti Grant/research support from: Casa Boller - Roche, PALOMA DE ABREU TRIGUEROS Grant/research support from: Casa Boller - Roche.
5
Manley, Donald G. "PINK BOLLWORM1 MOTH DISPERSAL IN AND AROUND COTTON, SUGAR BEETS, AND ALFALFA2." Journal of Entomological Science 22, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 90–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-22.1.90.
Abstract:
Huber oil traps baited with gossyplure were used to compare early season pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), moth catches in beets and nearby cotton, and catches throughout the growing season in alfalfa and cotton. Differences between trap catches in sugar beets and cotton were generally not significant at the 0.05 level. Traps in cotton caught significantly more moths than those in alfalfa during most of the season. Late in the season there were no significant differences between the two groups. Traps placed in nearby non-crop and fallow areas generally caught fewer moths than those in cotton, alfalfa or sugar beets.
6
Bundy, C. Scott, and R. M. McPherson. "Cropping Preferences of Common Lepidopteran Pests in a Cotton/Soybean Cropping System." Journal of Entomological Science 42, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-42.1.105.
Abstract:
Two soybean varieties (an early-maturing Group V and a later-maturing Group VII) and two cotton varieties (a conventional and a transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner [Bt]) were grown in adjacent replicated large field plots at two locations for 3 growing seasons. The abundance of commonly-observed lepidopteran pests within these two crops was observed weekly throughout each growing season. The green cloverworm, Hypena scabra (F.); soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), and; velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, preferred soybeans over cotton at all six test sites. The bollworm complex, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and Heliothis virescens (F.), preferred soybeans at one site, cotton at two sites, and no crop preference at three sites. There was no difference in the seasonal mean abundance of the pests between the two soybean maturity groups. A few varietal differences were noted on soybeans on specific sampling dates; however, they occurred when insect numbers were low. Population densities approached economic injury levels on both the early and later-maturing soybean varieties. In cotton, the bollworm complex was significantly more abundant in conventional cotton than in Bt cotton. Although soybean loopers are a pest of both crops, soybeans are preferred when they are planted adjacent to cotton. Given this behavioral response, soybeans might serve as a trap crop to attract soybean loopers into a small planting of soybeans and out of the major planting of cotton.
7
McCaffery, A. R. "Resistance to insecticides in Heliothine Lepidoptera: a global view." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 353, no. 1376 (October 29, 1998): 1735–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1998.0326.
Abstract:
The status of resistance to organophosphate, carbamate, cyclodiene and pyrethroid insecticides in the heliothine Lepidoptera is reviewed. In particular, resistance in the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens , and the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea , from the New World, and the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera , from the Old World, are considered in detail. Particular emphasis has been placed on resistance to the most widely used of these insecticide groups, the pyrethroids. In each case, the incidence and current status of resistance are considered before a detailed view of the mechanisms of resistance is given. Controversial issues regarding the nature of mechanisms of resistance to pyrethroid insecticides are discussed. The implications for resistance management are considered.
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Ahmad, Salman, M. Shafiq Ansari, Nadeem Khan, and Fazil Hasan. "Toxic effects of insecticides on the life table and development of Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on okra." International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 37, no. 01 (December 23, 2016): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742758416000230.
Abstract:
AbstractOkra,Abelmoschus esculentus(L.) Moench, is an important vegetable crop grown throughout the tropical and temperate regions of the world. Spotted bollworm,Earias vittella(Fab.), is one of the most important insect pests of okra. The effects of insecticides (cypermethrin, imidacloprid, carbaryl and neem oil) were studied on the fitness of the F1 generation ofE. vittellaby a demographic method. Life table was constructed from the eggs obtained by the surviving individuals that had ingested insecticides. Survivorship and expectancy was highest with the commencement of age and gradually decreased with the progression of age in the treatment groups and control. However, it was reduced in the treatment groups in comparison to control groups. Highest numbers of unhatched eggs (17%) were recorded with imidacloprid and cypermethrin treatments, whereas all the eggs hatched in control groups. Larval mortality was high in the initial instars as compared to late instars. Potential fecundity was significantly reduced to 94 females/female/generation treated with cypermethrin as compared to 256 in the untreated females. Developmental time of pre-pupa and pupa was significantly decreased with cypermethrin treatment. The intrinsic rate of increase was reduced to 0.0201 females/female/day in cypermethrin groups as compared to 0.046 in the control groups. The generation time was 33.27 days in the control, which was reduced to 26.78 days with carbaryl treatment and was increased to 37.5 days with neem oil. Insecticides cause adverse effect on the surviving generation ofE. vittella, and may be incorporated as a valuable component in the integrated management ofE. vittellaon okra.
9
Allen, Luttrell, Little, Parys, and Perera. "Response of Bt and Non-Bt Cottons to High Infestations of Bollworm (Helicoverpa zea Boddie) and Tobacco Budworm (Heliothis virescens (F.)) under Sprayed and Unsprayed Conditions." Agronomy 9, no. 11 (November 15, 2019): 759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9110759.
Abstract:
Early-maturing and full-season Bt and non-Bt cottons were exposed to high densities of tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens (F.)) and bollworm (Helicoverpa zea Boddie) in 0.04 ha field cages during the summers of 2011 and 2012 to measure the possible need for supplemental use of insecticides on Bt cotton. Fruit survival within-season and at-harvest was carefully mapped on individual plants within comparative plots of all cottons untreated and sprayed with lambda-cyhalothin (0.0448 kg a.i./ha) or chlorantraniliprole (0.1009 kg a.i./ha) following insect infestations. Differences in lint yields among cotton maturity groups were not always detected, but early-maturing Bt cottons were among the higher yielding experimental plots for both years. Depending on the insecticide treatment, average harvested fruit ranged from 0.3 to 7.1 open bolls per plant for non-Bt cotton plots, while Bt cotton plots ranged from 1.8 to 7.5 open bolls per plant during the two-year study. Bt cottons generally protected fruit from insect damage and resulted in final yields comparable to those of insecticide sprayed Bt and non-Bt cottons. Unsprayed non-Bt cottons were significantly damaged by insects in these high-infestation environments.
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Vasileva, Katya, and Velichka Todorova. "Assessment of pepper genetic resources for Verticillium wilt resistance." Genetika 54, no. 2 (2022): 829–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr2202829v.
Abstract:
Study was carried out for determining the reaction of 83 peppers varieties, breeding lines, and local forms /landraces/ to fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae Kleb. as they are the part of the Balkan Capsicum core collection which was deeply phenotyped in the recent years. The development of the disease was reported twice and high degree of resistance was reported for 41 accessions. The highest percentage of highly resistant group of genotypes was 72%, followed by resistant group with 23%. The infestation in the groups of medium sensitive, sensitive and highly sensitive was respectively 1%, 3%, and 1%. The highly sensitive (0 - 19%), sensitive (20 - 39%) and medium sensitive (40 - 59%) are consisted by the var. blocky, var. ratundum and var. kapia accessions. The group of resistant (60 - 79%) was dominated by var. ratundum and var. blocky. Materials from var. kapia prevail of highly resistant (80 - 100%). The group of pungent peppers accessions was more resistant to Verticillium infestation. On the base of current and previous results may concluded that four accessions were identified as resistant to TMV and non-infested by Verticillium while two ones possessed low infestation by green aphids, trips and cotton bollworm and non-attacked by Verticillium. Other seven genotypes combined lack of infestation by Verticillium wilt with high levels of three and more agronomic and biochemical traits.
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Faco, Renato, Marilia Yatabe, Lucia H. S. Cevidanes, Hilde Timmerman, Hugo J. De Clerck, and Daniela Garib. "Bone-anchored maxillary protraction in unilateral cleft lip and palate: a cephalometric appraisal." European Journal of Orthodontics 41, no. 5 (March 13, 2019): 537–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjz005.
Abstract:
Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the cephalometric outcome of bone- anchored maxillary protraction (BAMP) in individuals with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Material and methods The experimental group (EG) comprised 23 individuals (17 males and 6 females) with UCLP and a mean age of 11.7 years. At least 6 months after secondary alveolar bone grafting, Bollard miniplates were installed in the posterior region of the maxilla and in the anterior region of the mandible. Class III elastics were recommended to be worn for 24 hours/day for a mean time of 18 months. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was obtained before (T1) and after treatment (T2). The control group (CG) consisted of 23 individuals with UCLP matched by initial age and gender with the EG and without any orthopaedic or surgical intervention performed between T1 and T2. The interval between T1 and T2 observations was 18 months for both groups. Twenty-one cephalometric variables were analysed. Intra- and intergroup comparisons were performed using paired and independent t-tests, respectively (P < 0.05). Results BAMP caused a greater maxillary protrusion (SNA) and a greater decrease of Class III maxillomandibular discrepancy (ANB and Wits appraisal) compared with the CG. BAMP also caused a counterclockwise rotation of the occlusal plane (Occ Plane to FH) and an improvement in the molar relationship compared with controls. Conclusions BAMP therapy demonstrated a significant orthopaedic maxillary protraction and an improvement in the Class III skeletal pattern in UCLP.
12
KLAI, Khouloud, Benoît CHÉNAIS, Marwa ZIDI, Salma DJEBBI, Aurore CARUSO, Françoise DENIS, Johann CONFAIS, Myriam BADAWI, Nathalie CASSE, and Maha MEZGHANI KHEMAKHEM. "Screening of Helicoverpa armigera Mobilome Revealed Transposable Element Insertions in Insecticide Resistance Genes." Insects 11, no. 12 (December 11, 2020): 879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11120879.
Abstract:
The cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important pest of many crops that has developed resistance to almost all groups of insecticides used for its management. Insecticide resistance was often related to Transposable Element (TE) insertions near specific genes. In the present study, we deeply retrieve and annotate TEs in the H. armigera genome using the Pipeline to Retrieve and Annotate Transposable Elements, PiRATE. The results have shown that the TE library consists of 8521 sequences representing 236,132 TE copies, including 3133 Full-Length Copies (FLC), covering 12.86% of the H. armigera genome. These TEs were classified as 46.71% Class I and 53.29% Class II elements. Among Class I elements, Short and Long Interspersed Nuclear Elements (SINEs and LINEs) are the main families, representing 21.13% and 19.49% of the total TEs, respectively. Long Terminal Repeat (LTR) and Dictyostelium transposable element (DIRS) are less represented, with 5.55% and 0.53%, respectively. Class II elements are mainly Miniature Inverted Transposable Elements (MITEs) (49.11%), then Terminal Inverted Repeats (TIRs) (4.09%). Superfamilies of Class II elements, i.e., Transib, P elements, CACTA, Mutator, PIF-harbinger, Helitron, Maverick, Crypton and Merlin, were less represented, accounting for only 1.96% of total TEs. In addition, we highlighted TE insertions in insecticide resistance genes and we successfully identified nine TE insertions belonging to RTE, R2, CACTA, Mariner and hAT superfamilies. These insertions are hosted in genes encoding cytochrome P450 (CyP450), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter belonging to the G and C1 family members. These insertions could therefore be involved in insecticide resistance observed in this pest.
13
Taha, Hanan Salah El-Din. "Molecular Investigation Using RAPD-PCR Marker Field Populations of Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) Exposed to Some Insecticide." American Journal of Bioscience and Bioinformatics 2, no. 1 (June 29, 2023): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/ajbb.v2i1.1699.
Abstract:
Seasonally the cotton plant cultivated in Egyptian fields is suffering from the cotton Pink Bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) attacking fruits and buds. Insecticide applications reported control failure by the most recommended conventional classes. Monitoring pest DNA changes after sublethal exposure become the new technique to investigate. Then four insecticide treatments were screened by using the molecular marker polymerase chain reaction (PCR) inspection, using four Random amplified polymorphic deoxyribonucleic acid analysis (RAPD-PCR) primers partitioned based on band reproducibility. Result of LC50 was 0.55, 61.1, 69.3, and 0.23 for spinoteram, novaluron, metaflumezone, and dimeuron respectively. The insecticide treatments band of gel produced detected 47 loci ranging from 87 to 63 % polymorphism. The primer efficiency value of PIC =0.361, 0.34, 0.34, 0.355, and 0.262, RP = 5.30, H = 0.473, 0.434, 0.434, 0.462 and 0.31, and MI = 0.10, 0.1386, 0.138, 0.167 and 0.0582 for the same treated samples respectively. Distance and similarity were quantified based on Nei’s and genetic dissimilarity by the UPMGA method then a phylogenetic tree was constructed and grouped the entire genotypes into 2 major clusters and 6 subclusters. The RAPD primers revealed the number of alleles (Na = 0.324, 0.318, 0.318, 0.326, and 0.328), and the effective number of alleles (Ne = 0.571, 0.569, 0.558, 0.574, and 0.5784). The fixation-index (Fst) analysis narrated a very great genetic diversity (Fst = 0.626, 0.684, 0.684, 0.2, and 0.695) exists within the four treated samples respectively. The level of gene flow was (Nm = 0.239, 0.230, 0.230, 0.233, and 0.2187) respectively across the four genotypes studied. Results proved that the RAPD-PCR technique was suitable for distinguishing between insecticide treatments.
14
Zhang, W. N., H. J. Xiao, G. M. Liang, Y. Y. Guo, and K. M. Wu. "Tradeoff between reproduction and resistance evolution to Bt-toxin in Helicoverpa armigera: regulated by vitellogenin gene expression." Bulletin of Entomological Research 104, no. 4 (February 21, 2014): 444–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485314000066.
Abstract:
AbstractEvolution of resistance to insecticides usually has fitness tradeoffs associated with adaptation to the stress. The basic regulation mechanism of tradeoff between reproduction and resistance evolution to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin in the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Ha), based on the vitellogenin (Vg) gene expression was analyzed here. The full-length cDNA of the Vg gene HaVg (JX504706) was cloned and identified. HaVg has 5704 base pairs (bp) with an open reading frame (ORF) of 5265 bp, which encoded 1756 amino acid protein with a predicted molecular mass of 197.28 kDa and a proposed isoelectric point of 8.74. Sequence alignment analysis indicated that the amino acid sequence of HaVg contained all of the conserved domains detected in the Vgs of the other insects and had a high similarity with the Vgs of the Lepidoptera insects, especially Noctuidae. The resistance level to Cry1Ac Bt toxin and relative HaVg mRNA expression levels among the following four groups: Cry1Ac-susceptible strain (96S), Cry1Ac-resistant strain fed on artificial diet with Bt toxin for 135 generations (BtR stands for the Cry1Ac Bt resistance), progeny of the Cry1Ac-resistant strain with a non-Bt-toxin artificial diet for 38 generations (CK1) and the direct descendants of the 135th-generation resistant larvae which were fed on an artificial diet without the Cry1Ac protein (CK2) were analyzed. Compared with the 96S strain, the resistance ratios of the BtR strain, the CK1 strain and the CK2 strain were 2917.15-, 2.15- and 2037.67-fold, respectively. The maximum relative HaVg mRNA expression levels of the BtR strain were approximately 50% less than that of the 96S strain, and the coming of maximum expression was delayed for approximately 4 days. The overall trend of the HaVg mRNA expression levels in the CK1 strain was similar to that in the 96S strain, and the overall trend of the HaVg mRNA expression levels in the CK2 strain was similar to that in the BtR strain. Our results suggest that the changes in reproduction due to the Bt-toxin resistance evolution in the BtR strain may be regulated by the Vg gene expression. The down-regulation of HaVg at the early stages resulted in a period of delayed reproduction and decreased fecundity in the BtR strain. This performance disappeared when the Bt-toxin selection pressure was lost.
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Atarshchykova, A. T., O. M. Zhukorskyi, and V. O. Postoienko. "Monitoring of the content and migration of heavy metals in the soils–melliferous plants–bees–beekeeping products system in biocenoses of the combat areas." Agricultural Science and Practice 10, no. 3 (February 28, 2024): 74–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/agrisp10.03.074.
Abstract:
Aim. To determine the specificities of perennial dynamics in the number of the main corn insect pests in different natural and climatic zones of Ukraine under climate change. Methods. The field, laboratory, mathematical methods were used. The materials of the phytosanitary entomological monitoring of the State Service of Ukraine on Food Safety and Con- sumer Protection (2005–2021) in the basic 161 enterprises in Ukraine’s regions using methodologically standardized annual registrations of the main harmful organisms of agrocenoses (Borzykh еt al, 2018). Six groups of the main corn insect pests were investigated: corn borers (Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner), wireworms (Elateridae) and false wireworms (Te- nebrionidae), cutworms (Noctuida), southern dusty surface beetle (Tanymecus dilaticollis Gyllenhal), cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera Hübner), and cereal aphids (Schizaphis graminum) Rondani. The database of the Hydrometeoro- logical Center of Ukraine was used to analyze climate parameters (2005–2021). The statistical analysis of the data was conducted using MS Excel and the linear correlation-regression analysis according to Pearson, Student’s criterion was used to evaluate the reliability (probability) of the correlation coefficients. Results. The results of correlational analysis of the state of populations of the main corn insect pests demonstrated that climate change has not considerably affected the number of corn borers as well as wireworms and false wireworms in all the natural and climatic zones of Ukraine yet. A reliable moderate reverse correlation (r = –0.309) was found between the number of cutworms and the sum of effective temperatures (SET) only for the Forest-Steppe conditions – under the increase in the SET, the number of these insects was smaller. The number of the southern dusty surface beetle was in direct, reliable, moderate correlation (r = 0.335) with the SET in the Steppe, for instance, the pest responded to the increase in the SET with the rise in its number. The number of cotton bollworms in Polissia was in reliable moderate correlation (r = –0.489) with the SET. The number of cereal aphids was in a reliable moderate direct correlation (r = 0.529) with the SET in Polissia: at the increase in the SET, the number of these pests was increasing. Conclusions. Conclusions: Climate changes do not considerably affect the state of the populations of the main corn insect pests in all the natural and climatic zones of Ukraine yet: we found the correlations between the number of insect pests and the SET which did not exceed such values as weak, moderate, and conspicuous. Significant changes in the state of insect pest populations should be expected if the sum of effective temperatures during the vegetation period will considerably affect the performance and feeding qualities of the cultivated plants.
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Dimitrov, S., S. Hristova, R. Moraliyska, S. Bogdanova-Petrova, T. Shivacheva, and T. Georgiev. "AB1045 IS IT POSSIBLE TO DETECT CHRONIC LESIONS ON MRI IN PATIENTS WITH NON-RADIOGRAPHIC AXIAL SPONDYLOARTHRITIS?" Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (May 30, 2023): 1745.1–1745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.4004.
Abstract:
BackgroundThe absence of categorical radiographic evidence of structural changes in the sacroiliac joints serves to distinguish AS from nr-axSpA. Both groups of patients are characterized by active inflammatory changes, established by magnetic resonance tomography (MRI) of the sacroiliac joints, which, with the progression of the disease, are structurally progressive.ObjectivesTo determine whether it is possible to detect erosions, subchondral osteosclerosis and bone marrow metaplasia on a magnetic resonance imaging of the sacroiliac joints in patients with non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis and symptom duration less than 3 years.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted with rheumatologists and their consulting patients in Bulgaria from February 2012 through April 2019. Patients who had a rheumatologist confirmed diagnosis of nr-axSpA were eligible to participate. All patients met ASAS criteria for IBP with duration from 3 months to 2 years. All patients had no changes reported after the conventional X-ray of the sacroiliac joints and a performed subsequent MRI. Sacroiliac joint inflammation was assessed using the Canadian Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium (SPARCC). The SPARCC scores of sacroiliac joint inflammation and sacroiliac joint structural damage (SSSD) (erosions, bony brain metaplasia and subchondral osteosclerosis) were evaluated by both - a radiologist and rheumatologist.ResultsA total of 98 patients with non-radiographic were included in this analysis. A higher proportion of patients were male patients (51% vs 37%). The mean age was 33.8±7.71 with mean symptoms duration 0.76±0.26 years. MRI showed bone marrow edema (BME) in all 98 patients and at least 1 structural lesion in 32 patients (92.5%). The most prevalent chronic lesions were erosive changes in 7.14% (n = 7) and narrowed joint space in 7.14% (n = 7). Fat metaplasia was found in 5.10% (n = 5) in the patients with nonradiographic spondyloarthritis. The mean values of SPARCC score in patients with the different arm of nr-ax SpA is 22.42 ± 15.18. The burden of disease activity measured by BASDAI, ASDAS-CRP and VAS as well as ASQoL did not differ in patients with SSSD compared with those with BME only (p>0.05)ConclusionPatients with nr-ax SpA are characterized by a short duration of symptoms. Regardless of this recent onset and initially normal X-ray image of the sacroiliac joints, in some patients there are objective data of previous inflammation of the sacroiliac joints that may had not be detected on X-ray. That arise the question of low sensitivity of conventional radiography as well as the presence of risk factors for rapid structural damage and progression in some patients with nr-ax SpA.References[1]Baraliakos X, Hermann K, Landewe R, et al. Assessment of acute spinal inflammation in patients with ankylosing spondylitis by magnetic resonance imaging: a comparison between contrast enhanced T1 and short tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequences. Ann Rheum Dis 2005; 64: 1141.[2]Du MS, Xiong XQ, Liu H, Qin X, Hu XF, Chen W. The evaluation of bone marrow edema in sacroiliac joint in patients with ankylosing spondylitis using magnetic resonance imaging Dixon sequence. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2021 Nov 1;22(1):919.[3]Carita Tsoi, James Francis Griffith, Ryan Ka Lok Lee, Priscilla Ching Han Wong, Lai Shan Tam, Quant Imaging Med Surg. 2019 Feb; 9(2): 318–335.[4]Braun J, Sieper J, Bollow M. Imaging of Sacroiliitis. Clin Rheumatol, 2000; 19, 51–57.Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.
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Harker-Murray, Paul, Brent L. Wood, Meenakshi Devidas, Zhiguo Chen, Tal Schechter-Finkelstein, Robert J. Hayashi, Keith J. August, et al. "Intensification of Chemotherapy Using a Modified BFM Backbone for Children, Adolescents and Young Adults with T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (T-ALL) and T-Cell Lymphoblastic Lymphoma (T-LL) Identifies Highly Chemorefractory Patients Who Benefit from Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation." Blood 138, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2021): 3487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-151837.
Abstract:
Abstract Background: The prognosis for patients (pts) with relapsed T-ALL and T-LL is dismal. The primary goal of T-ALL/T-LL treatment is to prevent relapse. In the phase 3 Children's Oncology Group (COG) clinical trial AALL1231 (NCT02112916), children, adolescents and young adults (age 1-30 years) with T-ALL and T-LL were treated with a modified augmented BFM (aBFM) backbone that used dexamethasone as the only corticosteroid and included two (rather than one) doses of pegaspargase during induction and delayed intensification. Pts were stratified as standard (SR), intermediate (IR), or very high risk (VHR), primarily based on disease response: morphology, minimal residual disease (MRD) performed by multiparameter flow cytometry at a central reference laboratory) at end of induction and consolidation (T-ALL), and radiographic response for T-LL. Pts were randomized 1:1 to receive/not receive bortezomib during induction and delayed intensification (1.3mg/m 2 x 4 doses per block). VHR T-ALL pts were defined as having day 29 M3 marrow (>25% blasts) or end of consolidation (EOC) MRD >0.1%. 10-15% of T-ALL pts were predicted to be VHR based on COG AALL0434. Pts with induction failure (M3 marrow by morphology) or EOC MRD >0.1% were expected to have 4-yr event-free survival (EFS) of ~66+/-16%. Following consolidation, VHR pts received 3 BFM-based intensification blocks in lieu of interim maintenance (IM). Detectable MRD following the intensification blocks was considered an event and these pts were removed from protocol therapy. VHR ALL pts who had undetectable MRD continued protocol therapy, received delayed intensification, an IM phase with Capizzi escalating methotrexate plus pegaspargase, and maintenance. A secondary aim of AALL1231 was to compare survival in VHR T-ALL pts with EOC MRD ≥ 0.1% but undetectable MRD after intensification of chemotherapy with those who continued to have detectable MRD and were eligible for other treatment strategies, including hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). This study also analyzed outcomes for pts with M3 marrow at the end of induction. Results: AALL1231 accrued 847 pts (824 eligible and evaluable) of 1400 anticipated from 2014 until early closure. The 3-year EFS for the bortezomib randomization for the SR and IR groups has been reported previously (Teachey, et. al ASH 2020). Because only 2 of 209 T-LL pts were VHR; this report focuses on the outcomes of the 5.2% (32/615) of T-ALL pts who were VHR. In total, 25 VHR T-ALL pts were EOC MRD >0.1%, and 18 of these had MRD sent at the end of HR intensification. Of the 8 pts who became MRD undetectable and continued protocol therapy, only 2 survived (3-year overall survival [OS] 25+15.3%). In contrast, 10 pts who had detectable MRD were taken off protocol and underwent HSCT. Of these 10, only one relapsed (3-year OS 90+12.7%). The 3-year OS for the 10 pts who were M3 at Day 29 was 60.0±17.0%. As there were not enough pts to assess the impact of EOC MRD on pts who were M3 at Day 29, we assessed the impact of EOC MRD on outcomes in M2 (5-25% blasts at Day 29; n = 24) and M3 pts, which defines induction failure in other cooperative groups. M2+M3 T-ALL who were EOC MRD <0.1% (n = 15) had 3-year OS of 86.7±10.0% vs 45.5±15.0% for those with EOC MRD >0.1% (n = 12) pts. Conclusions: T-ALL pts treated on AALL1231 who are EOC MRD ≥0.1% with undetectable MRD after 3 BFM-based intensification blocks had a very poor outcome when treated with standard cytotoxic chemotherapy. In contrast, while patient numbers are small, those pts that remained MRD-positive after 3 intensification blocks and underwent HSCT had an excellent outcome. These data not only impact the recommended treatment for T-ALL pts who are induction and consolidation failures, but also support the importance of the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect in refractory T-ALL. Disclosures Hayashi: Magenta Therapeutics: Consultancy. August: Jazz: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Hermiston: Sobi: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy. Bollard: Cabeletta Bio: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Catamaran Bio and Mana Therapeutics: Other: member and cofounder; SOBI: Other: DSMB. Loh: MediSix therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Raetz: Pfizer: Research Funding; Celgene: Other: DSMB member. Teachey: BEAM Therapeutics: Consultancy, Research Funding; NeoImmune Tech: Research Funding; Sobi: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy.
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Debrie, Jean. "Transport and firm areas : the African strategies of Bolloré’s Group." Les Cahiers Scientifiques du Transport - Scientific Papers in Transportation 39 | 2001 (March 31, 2001). http://dx.doi.org/10.46298/cst.11990.
Abstract:
To identify Bolloré’s Group strategies enables us to take part in the actual debate about the impact of privatisation in Africa. The emergence of an African Bolloré’s area, centered upon transport and logistical activities, reveals a totally planned, effective logic of a private network. The spatial impacts of these monopolistic dynamics are showing contradictory consequences. If on one hand, private transport networks do contribute to a real modernisation of the African circulation space, on the other hand it may be reduced to small private enclave, slightly connected to outer territories. This contradiction will have to lead prospective looking at further planning operations and political frameworks. L’identification des stratégies du groupe Bolloré permet une approche du débat actuel sur l’impact des privatisations en Afrique. La production d’un espace Bolloré africain, centrée autour des activités de transport et de logistique, révèle une logique effective de réseau privé entièrement maîtrisé. L’inscription spatiale de ces dynamiques de monopole présente des conséquences contradictoires. Si les réseaux de transport privés participent à une réelle modernisation de l’espace de circulation africain, ils peuvent aussi ne constituer que de simples enclaves privées, faiblement connectées au reste des territoires. Cette contradiction doit guider la lecture prospective des aménagements et encadrements politiques futurs.
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Terlemezyan, H. L., and M. H. Ghazaryan. "ՄԻՋԱՏԱՍՊԱՆՆԵՐԻ ԿԵՆՍԱԲԱՆԱԿԱՆ ԱՐԴՅՈՒՆԱՎԵՏՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ ԲԱՄԲԱԿԵՆՈՒ ԿՆԳՈՒՂԱԿԵՐԻ ԴԵՄ ՊԱՅՔԱՐՈՒՄ." AgriScience and Technology, 2022, 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.52276/25792822-2022.1-76.
Abstract:
Throughout 2020-2021, in the pepper fields of Khoronk community in the Armavir region, insecticides belonging to various chemical groups, namely Euphoria, Coragen, Decis Prophy, Belt, Decis F-Lux, Movento, Ampligo 150, Vertimec, Proclaim and Spintor, have been experimented for combating cotton bollworm. During the trials their biological efficiency was estimated 1, 5, 10 and 15 days after spraying. According to the research results, the highest biological efficiency against the cotton bollworm was provided by Euphoria, Belt, Ampligo 150 and Decis F-Lux insecticides.
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Matheson, Paige, Elahe Parvizi, Jeffrey A. Fabrick, Hamid Anees Siddiqui, Bruce E. Tabashnik, Tom Walsh, and Angela McGaughran. "Genome-wide analysis reveals distinct global populations of pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella)." Scientific Reports 13, no. 1 (July 20, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-38504-z.
Abstract:
AbstractThe pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella) is one of the world’s most destructive pests of cotton. This invasive lepidopteran occurs in nearly all cotton-growing countries. Its presence in the Ord Valley of North West Australia poses a potential threat to the expanding cotton industry there. To assess this threat and better understand population structure of pink bollworm, we analysed genomic data from individuals collected in the field from North West Australia, India, and Pakistan, as well as from four laboratory colonies that originated in the United States. We identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using a reduced-representation, genotyping-by-sequencing technique (DArTseq). The final filtered dataset included 6355 SNPs and 88 individual genomes that clustered into five groups: Australia, India-Pakistan, and three groups from the United States. We also analysed sequences from Genbank for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) locus cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) for pink bollworm from six countries. We found low genetic diversity within populations and high differentiation between populations from different continents. The high genetic differentiation between Australia and the other populations and colonies sampled in this study reduces concerns about gene flow to North West Australia, particularly from populations in India and Pakistan that have evolved resistance to transgenic insecticidal cotton. We attribute the observed population structure to pink bollworm’s narrow host plant range and limited dispersal between continents.
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YÜCEL, Seda, and Hanife GENÇ. "Çanakkale’de yeşil kurt Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) popülasyonun genetik çeşitliliği." ÇOMÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, March 31, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33202/comuagri.1054611.
Abstract:
The cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a commonly known polyphagous pest in agricultural areas all over the world. It has been a major pest causing significant damages by reducing tomato fruit production and quality since 1913 in Turkey. The objective of the study was to evaluate genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of H. armigera based on mitochondrial COI gene. Infested tomatoes with H. armigera larvae were collected from Çanakkale province (14 location), Balıkesir (1 location) and Bursa (1 location) in August and September 2017 and 2018. Larvae representing for each location (n=3) were used for genomic DNA isolation. The partial COI gene (536 bp) was amplified and PCR products were sequenced directly. The numbers of haplotypes and mutations were estimated using the DnaSP. Genetic relationships between the population were evaluated using the UPGMA method in MEGA X program. As a result, we identified 13 haplotypes and 13 mutations in all tested 45 samples. Additionally, 9 private haplotypes were detected among H. armigera population. Analyses revealed that population of H. armigera sampled from different geographic location were established as two distinct groups. The first group comprised 12 haplotypes (Çanakkale and Balıkesir population) while the distinct second group consisted of only 1 haplotype (Bursa population). The presented study was the first attempt to detect molecular characterization and genetic characterization of cotton bollworm in Turkey.
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Ismail, Seham M. "Influence of some insecticide sequences on the injurious insect- pests of cotton plants." Bulletin of the National Research Centre 43, no. 1 (October 12, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s42269-019-0190-y.
Abstract:
Abstract Background Cotton growers in Egypt have experienced severe economic loss from cotton bollworms, especially the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saund.), and spiny bollworm, Earias insulana (Boisd.), so a field experiment was carried out to determine efficiency of eight insecticides in their seven sequence programs to evaluate the best solution for cotton bollworms problems, during two successive seasons. Results The highest reduction percentages are effective sequences 7 and 5 (gave about 90% infestation reduction) were started and mediated with new insecticides, and when started and mediated with spinosad, or with cypermethrin, sequences 2 and 3 (gave about 86%) respectively, also, the repetition of the same insecticide twice in a regimen might increase, might decrease, or has no effect on the insecticide efficiency against cotton bollworms. The tested sequence programs showed high protection for green bolls with protection percentages ranged from 66.1 and 67.2% (sequence 1) to 92.6 and 94.1% (sequence 7) during two seasons respectively. On the other hand, the superiority in yield loss reduction can arrange in the following descending order: sequences 7, 5, 2, 3, 6, 4, and 1 respectively. Conclusions From this study, it can be concluded that the importance of sequence insecticide programs included new groups of insecticides to directing tactics to fight against resistance development and used this sequence programs to restore susceptibility for conventional insecticides. This study devoted to obtaining the optimum regimen of insecticides that give low reduction of cotton bollworms’ infestation and high cotton yield.
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Fite, Tarekegn, Tadele Tefera, Martin Husemann, Gezahegne Getaneh, and Jandouwe Villinger. "Genetic Variation and Population Structure of the Old World Bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner, 1808) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Ethiopia." Environmental Entomology, July 7, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvac039.
Abstract:
Abstract Helicoverpa armigera is one of the most destructive insect pests of economically valuable crops in the world. Despite its economic importance, the population genetic structure of this insect remains unexplored in Ethiopia. To investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of H. armigera, we sampled 170 individuals from 15 populations throughout Ethiopia. We sequenced a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) gene and five exon-primed intron-crossing (EPIC) markers. Twenty cyt b haplotypes with low-to-moderate haplotype diversity (mean Hd = 0.537) and high nucleotide diversity (mean Pi = 0.00339) were identified. The most frequently observed and widely distributed cyt b haplotype was designated as Hap_1 (67.058%), which is identical to sequences found across the globe. Tajima’s D and Fu’s F for the cyt b data were negative, supporting a model of population expansion. Within populations, a mean of 2.493 alleles/locus was recorded across the five EPIC loci, ranging from 1.200 to 3.600 alleles/locus. The highest mean effective number of alleles/population was 2.369 and the lowest was 1.178. The mean observed heterozygosity (HO) of the five loci (0–0.289; mean 0.104 ± 0.020) was lower than the expected heterozygosity (HE) (0.095–0.523; mean 0.258 ± 0.028). AMOVA detected significant genetic structure with 61% of the total molecular genetic variation of EPIC genotypes occurring between populations, suggesting a considerable degree of differentiation among populations. STRUCTURE analyses clustered the H. armigera populations into three distinct population groups but very low isolation by distance (R2 = 0.0132, P < 0.05).
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Srinivasan, R., and M. R. Rajan. "Effect of selected neonicotinoids on predatory coccinellids in Bt cotton ecosystem." Journal of Biological Control, December 1, 2021, 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2021/29749.
Abstract:
With the introduction of Bt cotton in India during 2002, the production and productivity has increased considerably with the reduction in bollworm complex incidences. But, sucking insect pests became a menace that warranted spraying of chemical insecticides. These insecticides belonging different groups, adversely affected the population of natural enemies like coccinellids that played a vital role in naturally keeping the sucking insect pest population under control. Field studies were conducted in 2 villages viz., Mambattu and Salai in Tamilnadu during the years 2014 and 2015. Five neonicotinoids viz., imidacloprid 17.8 SL, acetamiprid 20 SP, thiacloprid 21.7 SC, thiamethoxam 25 WDG and clothianidin 50 WDG were tested alongside monocrotophos 36 SL and untreated control. At 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after treatment, monocrotophos recorded maximum population reduction of 78.8, 83.5, 70.4 and 62.6% respectively. Among neonicotinoids, clothionidin was found to be comparatively more toxic to coccinellids, followed by thiamethoxam and thiacloprid. Acetamiprid was found to be safest among chemical treatments with population reduction percentages of 45.6, 53.9, 36.5 and 24.7% respectively at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after treatment followed by imidacloprid and thiacloprid. Two rounds of spray of neonicotinoids on Bt cotton had significant impact on the Coccinellids, when compared with untreated control plots. However, monocrotophos recorded relatively lowest population of coccinellids compared to untreated control and neonicotinoids. With significant population built-up after 7 days after acetamiprid and imidacloprid sprays, the 2 neonicotinoids may be suitable candidates for inclusion in integrated pest management of sucking insect pests in major Bt cotton growing areas as these insecticides are comparatively less toxic to predators as compared to broad spectrum neonicotinoids like thiacloprid, thiamethoxam and clothianidin and non-selective insecticide like monocrotophos.
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Fees, Werner, Thu Thi Minh Nguyen, and Xia Xu-Fees. "Financial performance analysis of German firms after Chinese mergers and acquisitions." Review of International Business and Strategy ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (August 20, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ribs-10-2020-0129.
Abstract:
Purpose The purpose of this study is to look at Chinese mergers and acquisitions (M&A) in Germany on a firm level. It focuses on the benefits and risks from the viewpoint of Germany. In this way, the authors want to close the research gap concerning the financial consequences of Chinese takeovers for the affected German firms. The purpose is to find out if Chinese investors show a specific behavior in terms of profitability, growth and business risks in the acquired companies. Design/methodology/approach This paper studies the financial situation of German firms two years before and two years after being bought by Chinese companies, by analyzing accounting data of 19 target companies in six economic sectors. In this empirical study, firm performance is measured by profitability, research and development cost, liquidity and financial leverage. It is using the industry adjustment method and calculation of mean and weighted mean considering company size. Findings Overall, German firms’ financial performance after Chinese M&A did not significantly improve, but they did not worsen either. The changes in financial ratios are different across economic sectors and company sizes. Obviously, the final performance of firms after M&A is quite diverse due to diverse company-specific targets. The results do not reflect common fears about deteriorating situations brought by Chinese involvement drawn in mass media. Research limitations/implications The study lacks analysis for a longer period, ideally five years before and five years after M&A. The calculated results of industry mean may differ from the real industry mean, as components are collected from the sample companies accounting for only 70% of the market. Industry means figures are calculated for only one single point in time and assumed to be unchanged over the whole time period. The study covers mostly firms which have total assets of more than €50m, so SMEs are underrepresented. Practical implications Owners of German firms that are in target but have not been purchased by Chinese investors can see the trends and anticipate which group of M&A targets their firms are categorized into. If their firms belong to the group of sectors or company sizes that shows negative results of performance after Chinese M&A, they can plan to protect their firms by implementing defending strategies against hostile takeovers. If their firms are in the groups that tend to enhance performance after Chinese M&A, they may be in a good position and able to negotiate for mutually beneficial transactions. Social implications The results are important for political and public discussion. It is shown that Chinese acquisitions of German firms do not have a deteriorating effect, at least not in the short-term. Therefore, the results are a good input to neutralize discussions in German society. Originality/value The results disagree with the few previous studies on Chinese M&A in Germany (Bollhorn, 2015; Müller, 2017; Löchel and Sächtig, 2019). While the studies of Bollhorn and Müller are based on subjective methods, the study is based on a detailed financial method. Then, in contrast to the study of Löchel and Sächtig, it is strictly focusing on Chinese/German M&A. Most existing empirical studies are focusing on cross-border M&As from developed to developing countries and there is little attention to acquisitions in the other direction (Ma et al., 2016, p. 22).
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Borzykh, O. I., L. A. Janse, V. M. Chaika, O. O. Bakhmut, V. I. Borisenko, and S. P. Chaika. "Population dynamics of corn insect pests in Ukraine under climate change." Agricultural Science and Practice 10, no. 3 (February 28, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/agrisp10.03.035.
Abstract:
Aim. To determine the specificities of perennial dynamics in the number of the main corn insect pests in different natural and climatic zones of Ukraine under climate change. Methods. The field, laboratory, mathematical methods were used. The materials of the phytosanitary entomological monitoring of the State Service of Ukraine on Food Safety and Con- sumer Protection (2005–2021) in the basic 161 enterprises in Ukraine’s regions using methodologically standardized annual registrations of the main harmful organisms of agrocenoses (Borzykh еt al, 2018). Six groups of the main corn insect pests were investigated: corn borers (Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner), wireworms (Elateridae) and false wireworms (Te- nebrionidae), cutworms (Noctuida), southern dusty surface beetle (Tanymecus dilaticollis Gyllenhal), cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera Hübner), and cereal aphids (Schizaphis graminum) Rondani. The database of the Hydrometeoro- logical Center of Ukraine was used to analyze climate parameters (2005–2021). The statistical analysis of the data was conducted using MS Excel and the linear correlation-regression analysis according to Pearson, Student’s criterion was used to evaluate the reliability (probability) of the correlation coefficients. Results. The results of correlational analysis of the state of populations of the main corn insect pests demonstrated that climate change has not considerably affected the number of corn borers as well as wireworms and false wireworms in all the natural and climatic zones of Ukraine yet. A reliable moderate reverse correlation (r = –0.309) was found between the number of cutworms and the sum of effective temperatures (SET) only for the Forest-Steppe conditions – under the increase in the SET, the number of these insects was smaller. The number of the southern dusty surface beetle was in direct, reliable, moderate correlation (r = 0.335) with the SET in the Steppe, for instance, the pest responded to the increase in the SET with the rise in its number. The number of cotton bollworms in Polissia was in reliable moderate correlation (r = –0.489) with the SET. The number of cereal aphids was in a reliable moderate direct correlation (r = 0.529) with the SET in Polissia: at the increase in the SET, the number of these pests was increasing. Conclusions. Conclusions: Climate changes do not considerably affect the state of the populations of the main corn insect pests in all the natural and climatic zones of Ukraine yet: we found the correlations between the number of insect pests and the SET which did not exceed such values as weak, moderate, and conspicuous. Significant changes in the state of insect pest populations should be expected if the sum of effective temperatures during the vegetation period will considerably affect the performance and feeding qualities of the cultivated plants.