Relevant bibliographies by topics / Group linkage

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Group linkage'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 9 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Group linkage"

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Thorson, P. R., B. R. Hedges, and R. G. Palmer. "Genetic Linkage in Soybean: Linkage Group 14." Crop Science 29, no. 3 (May 1989): 698–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1989.0011183x002900030032x.

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Hilliker, Arthur J., and Silvija N. Trusis-Coulter. "Analysis of the Functional Significance of Linkage Group Conservation in Drosophila." Genetics 117, no. 2 (October 1, 1987): 233–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/117.2.233.

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ABSTRACT Linkage groups, as defined by chromosome arms in Drosophila melanogaster, appear to have remained largely intact within the genus Drosophila and, possibly, within the higher Diptera per se. We hypothesized that linkage group conservation might have a functional basis (possibly related to interphase chromosome arrangement). To test this hypothesis, a series of autosomal 2-3 translocations were synthesized, creating many new linkage groups. A total of 167 2-3 translocations were recovered, cytologically analyzed to determine their polytene chromosome breakpoints, and tested for homozygous viability and fertility. The breakpoints associated with homozygous viable translocations were randomly distributed throughout the genome, indicating that the linear continuity of the linkage groups could be disrupted quite extensively. Inter se complementation crosses between homozygous lethal translocations having similar breakpoints further confirmed this result, documenting that, at least with respect to homozygous viability, the linear integrity of the autosomal linkage groups was not of major functional significance. Fertility analysis of the homozygous translocations also indicated that sterility could not be a single major factor. Having concluded that linkage group conservation is not based on important functional interactions between specific linked chromosomal segments, or due principally to the sterility of new linkages, the problem of linkage group conservation remains unsolved. Several possible selective factors are discussed, principally segregational load and inbreeding depression, which may contribute to the elimination of new linkage rearrangements.
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Gao, Y., X. X. Hu, X. M. Deng, J. D. Feng, and N. Li. "Linkage mapping of theSCN8Agene to chicken linkage group E22C19W28." Animal Genetics 36, no. 3 (June 2005): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01302.x.

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Graf, J. D. "Genetic mapping in Xenopus laevis: eight linkage groups established." Genetics 123, no. 2 (October 1, 1989): 389–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/123.2.389.

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Abstract Inheritance of alleles at 29 electrophoretically detected protein loci and one pigment locus (albinism) was analyzed in Xenopus laevis by backcrossing multiply heterozygous individuals generated by intersubspecies hybridization. Pairwise linkage tests revealed eight classical linkage groups. These groups have been provisionally numbered from 1 to 8 in an arbitrarily chosen order. Linkage group 1 includes ALB-2 (albumin), ADH-1 (alcohol dehydrogenase), NP (nucleoside phosphorylase), and ap (periodic albinism). Linkage group 2 contains ALB-1 and ADH-2, and probably is homeologous to group 1. Linkage group 3 comprises PEP-B (peptidase B), MPI-1 (mannosephosphate isomerase), SORD (sorbitol dehydrogenase), and mIDH-2 (mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase). Linkage group 4 contains GPI-1 (glucosephosphate isomerase) and EST-4 (esterase 4). Linkage group 5 contains GPI-2 and PEP-D (peptidase D). Linkage group 6 comprises ACP-3 (acid phosphatase), sME (cytosolic malic enzyme), and GLO-2 (glyoxalase). Linkage group 7 consists of sSOD-1 (cytosolic superoxide dismutase), GPD-2 (glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase), mME (mitochondrial malic enzyme), and the sex determining locus. Linkage group 8 includes FH (fumarate hydratase) and TRF (transferrin). Recombination frequencies between linked loci showed differences related to the genomic constitution (parental subspecies) and to the sex of the heterozygous parent. Independent assortment was observed between the duplicate ALB loci. This is true for the duplicate ADH, GLO, and MPI loci as well, supporting the view that these genes have been duplicated as part of a genome duplication that occurred in the evolutionary history of X. laevis. Comparative analysis of genetic maps reveals a possible conservation of several linkages from the Xenopus genome to the human genome.
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ZEVEREN, A., A. WEGHE, Y. BOUQUET, and H. VAREWYCK. "The porcine stress linkage group." Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics 105, no. 1-6 (January 12, 1988): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0388.1988.tb00289.x.

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ZEVEREN, A., A. WEGHE, Y. BOUQUET, and H. VAREWYCK. "The porcine stress linkage group." Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics 105, no. 1-6 (January 12, 1988): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0388.1988.tb00290.x.

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ZEVEREN, A., A. WEGHE, Y. BOUQUET, and H. VAREWYCK. "The porcine stress linkage group." Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics 105, no. 1-6 (January 12, 1988): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0388.1988.tb00291.x.

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ZEVEREN, A., Y. BOUQUET, and A. WEGHE. "The porcine stress linkage group." Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics 105, no. 1-6 (January 12, 1988): 426–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0388.1988.tb00315.x.

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Bu, Jianwei, Wei Liu, Zhao Pan, and Kang Ling. "Comparative Study of Hydrochemical Classification Based on Different Hierarchical Cluster Analysis Methods." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24 (December 18, 2020): 9515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249515.

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Traditional methods for hydrochemical analyses are effective but less diversified, and are constrained to limited objects and conditions. Given their poor accuracy and reliability, they are often used in complement or combined with other methods to solve practical problems. Cluster analysis is a multivariate statistical technique that extracts useful information from complex data. It provides new ideas and approaches to hydrogeochemical analysis, especially for groundwater hydrochemical classification. Hierarchical cluster analysis is the most widely used method in cluster analysis. This study compared the advantages and disadvantages of six hierarchical cluster analysis methods and analyzed their objects, conditions, and scope of application. The six methods are: The single linkage, complete linkage, median linkage, centroid linkage, average linkage (including between-group linkage and within-group linkage), and Ward’s minimum-variance. Results showed that single linkage and complete linkage are unsuitable for complex practical conditions. Median and centroid linkages likely cause reversals in dendrograms. Average linkage is generally suitable for classification tasks with multiple samples and big data. However, Ward’s minimum-variance achieved better results for fewer samples and variables.
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Walters, S. Alan, Nischit V. Shetty, and Todd C. Wehner. "Segregation and Linkage of Several Genes in Cucumber." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 126, no. 4 (July 2001): 442–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.126.4.442.

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Gene linkage was investigated in 11 families using 18 genes in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). The genes studied were B (black spine), B-3 (Black spine-3), B-4 (Black spine-4), bi (bitterfree cotyledons), Bt (bitter fruit), Bt-2 (bitter fruit-2), D (dull fruit skin), df (delayed flowering), de (determinate habit), F (female sex expression), gl (glabrous foliage), lh (long hypocotyl), ns (numerous spines), pm-h [powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea Schlecht.:Fr.) resistance expressed on the hypocotyl], ss (small spines), Tu (tuberculate fruit), u (uniform immature fruit color), and w (white immature fruit color). A major objective of this study was to measure linkages of genes for fruit bitterness (Bt and Bt-2), and spine color (B-3 and B-4) relative to previously studied loci: B, bi, D, de, df, F, gl, lh, ns, pm-h, ss, Tu, u, and w. The F2 progeny of LJ 90430 × PI 173889 segregated 13 bitter fruit: 3 nonbitter fruit, indicating that different genes are controlling fruit bitterness in these lines. Bt-2 is proposed as the gene controlling bitterness of fruit in LJ 90430. It is a separate locus from Bt, that causes bitter fruit in PI 173889. Several new gene linkages were found: bi—Bt, (Bt-2)—de, D—(Bt-2), D—ns, gl—F, ss—(Bt-2), Tu—(Bt-2), and u—(Bt-2). The Bt gene appears to be linked to bi and may be located on linkage group I. Bt-2 appears to be linked with several genes that could connect linkage groups I and IV. Bt-2 was linked to u, Tu, D, and ss, that are all on linkage group IV. Bt-2 was also found to be linked loosely to de, that is on linkage group I. No linkages were found between B-3 and B-4 and the genes evaluated in this study. Weak linkages (>25 cM) between several gene combinations [(Bt-2)-de, de—ns, de—ss, de—Tu, de—u, ns—F, and ss—F] provided more evidence that linkage group I and IV may be linked. Due to the weak linkages, more information needs to be obtained using larger populations and more markers to confirm these findings.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Group linkage"

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Huynh, Tony. "The Linkage Problem for Group-labelled Graphs." Thesis, University of Waterloo, University of Waterloo, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/4716.

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This thesis aims to extend some of the results of the Graph Minors Project of Robertson and Seymour to "group-labelled graphs". Let $\Gamma$ be a group. A $\Gamma$-labelled graph is an oriented graph with its edges labelled from $\Gamma$, and is thus a generalization of a signed graph. Our primary result is a generalization of the main result from Graph Minors XIII. For any finite abelian group $\Gamma$, and any fixed $\Gamma$-labelled graph $H$, we present a polynomial-time algorithm that determines if an input $\Gamma$-labelled graph $G$ has an $H$-minor. The correctness of our algorithm relies on much of the machinery developed throughout the graph minors papers. We therefore hope it can serve as a reasonable introduction to the subject. Remarkably, Robertson and Seymour also prove that for any sequence $G_1, G_2, \dots$ of graphs, there exist indices $i
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Endrizzi, J. E., and R. Sherman. "Analysis of F₃ Date of the Ob₁ᵈY₁ᵈ Linkage Group." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/219741.

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Pattaradilokrat, Sittiporn. "Linkage group selection to investigate genetic determinants of complex traits of malaria parasites." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3139.

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Malaria parasites of the species infecting humans and animal hosts exhibit genetic and phenotypic diversity. Some of this diversity, including the responses to anti-malarial drugs, growth rate and virulence and antigenic variability, is medically significant. This is because these phenotypes may determine the existence and survival of the parasites in the host and, in turn, contribute to the clinical outcome of infection. Understanding of the biological characteristics and the genetic basis underlying these complex phenotypes can thus lead to the development of effective control strategies against the disease, such as anti-malarial drugs and vaccines. Genetic studies in rodent malaria parasites have proved useful in providing insights into the genetic determinants of these complex traits and thus can be used to complement the study of human malaria. The present studies aim to investigate genetic determinants underlying two major medically important phenotypes, Strain Specific Protective Immunity (SSPI) and Growth rate, using the newly devised genetic method of Linkage Group Selection (LGS). The results presented here relate to the accomplishment of these aims. LGS analysis of SSPI using a genetic cross between clones AJ and CB-pyr10 of Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi has identified a single region on chromosome 8 containing the gene for the Merozoite Surface Protein-1 as encoding a major target of SSPI. A similar finding was also obtained in a previous LGS study using a different genetic cross between clones AS-pyr1 and CB of P. c. chabaudi (Martinelli et al., 2005). Hence, the results of two independent studies strongly indicate that a single locus within the parasite genome contains a major target antigen, or antigens, of SSPI against P. c. chabaudi malaria. These results have particular relevance for research on SSPI in human malaria and the choice of candidate antigens for malaria vaccine development. LGS analysis of growth rate conducted upon a genetic cross between a fast-growing line, 17XYM, and a slow-growing line, 33XC, of Plasmodium yoelii yoelii has identified a ~ 1 megabase pair region on P. y. yoelii chromosome 13 as containing a major genetic determinant(s) of growth rate in these malaria parasites. This is consistent with the finding of the classical linkage analysis by Walliker et al., (1976), that growth rate in P. y. yoelii is mainly determined at a single genetic locus. Because the fast-growing line 17XYM arose spontaneously during infection with a mild strain of P. y. yoelii 17X, identification of parasites with a slow growth rate phenotype derived from the same genetic stock as 17XYM can be useful in determining genes underlying growth rate in these malaria parasites. It has been shown here that parasites of the P. y. yoelii lines 17X consist of two completely distinct genotypes. One is represented by the fast-growing line, 17XYM, and a slow-growing line of P. y. yoelii, 17XNIMR. The other is represented by another slow-growing line 17XA. Comparing the region of P. y. yoelii chromosome 13 under strong growth selection between the two congenic lines, 17XYM and 17XNIMR, could lead to the identification of the gene(s) controlling growth rate differences in these two parasite lines. Such findings could be relevant to the location of genetic determinants of growth rate in human malaria.
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LI, PEI. "Linking records with value diversity." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/42976.

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Most record linkage techniques assume that information of the underlying entities do not change and is provided in different representations and sometimes with errors. For example, mailing lists may contain multiple entries representing the same physical address, but each record may be slightly different, e.g., containing different spellings or missing some information. As a second example, consider a company that has different customer databases (e.g., one for each subsidiary). A given customer may appear in different ways in each database, and there is a fair amount of guesswork in determining which customers match. However, in real-world, we often observe value diversity in real-world data sets for linkage. For example, many data sets contains temporal records over a long period of time; each record is associated with a time stamp and describes some aspects of a real-world entity at that particular time (e.g., author information in DBLP). In such cases, we often wish to identify records that describe the same entity over time and so be able to enable interesting longitudinal data analysis. Value diversity also exists group linkage: linking records that refer to entities in the same group. Applications for group linkage includes finding businesses in the same chain, finding conference attendants from the same affiliation, finding players from the same team, etc. In such cases, although different members in the same group can share some similar global values, they represent different entities so can also have distinct local values, requiring a high tolerance for value diversity. However, most existing record linkage techniques assume that records describing the same real-world entities are fairly consistent and often focus on different representations of the same value, such as ”IBM” and ”International Business Machines”. Thus, they can fall short when values may vary for the same entity. This dissertation studies how to improve linkage quality of integrated data with tolerance to fairly high diversity, including temporal linkage, and group linkage. We solve the problem of temporal record linkage in two ways. First, we apply time decay to capture the effect of elapsed time on entity value evolution. Second, instead of comparing each pair of records locally, we propose clustering methods that consider time order of the records and make global decisions. Experimental results show that our algorithms significantly outperform traditional linkage methods on various temporal data sets. For group linkage, we present a two-stage algorithm: the first stage identifies cores containing records that are very likely to belong to the same group; the second stage collects strong evidence from the cores and leverages it for merging more records in the same group, while being tolerant to differences in other values. Our algorithm is designed to ensure efficiency and scalability. An experiment shows that it finished in 2.4 hours on a real-world data set containing 6.8 million records, and obtained both a precision and a recall of above .95. Finally, we build the CHRONOS system which offers users the useful tool for finding real-world entities over time and understanding history of entities in the bibliography domain. The core of CHRONOS is a temporal record-linkage algorithm, which is tolerant to value evolution over time. Our algorithm can obtain an F-measure of over 0.9 in linking author records and fix errors made by DBLP. We show how CHRONOS allows users to explore the history of authors, and how it helps users understand our linkage results by comparing our results with those of existing systems, highlighting differences in the results, explaining our decisions to users, and answering “what-if” questions.
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Joseph, Bindu. "Genomic analysis of a major seed protein/oil QTL region on soybean linkage group I." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2009.

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Lee, Yi-Ching Dickstein Rebecca. "Physical map between marker 8O7 and 146O17 on the Medicago truncatula linkage group 1 that contains the NIP gene." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-5152.

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Lee, Yi-Ching. "Physical Map between Marker 8O7 and 146O17 on the Medicago truncatula Linkage Group 1 that Contains the NIP Gene." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5152/.

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The Medicago truncatula NIP gene is located on M. truncatula Linkage Group 1. Informative recombinants showed crossovers that localize the NIP gene between markers 146O17 and 23C16D. Marker 164N9 co-segregates with the NIP gene, and the location of marker 164N9 is between markers 146O17 and 23C16D. Based upon data from the Medicago genome sequencing project, a subset of the model legume Medicago truncatula bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) were used to create a physical map on the DNA in this genetic internal. BACs near the potential NIP gene location near marker 164N9 were identified, and used in experiments to predict the physical map by a BAC-by-BAC strategy. Using marker 164N9 as a center point, and chromosome walking outward, the physical map toward markers 146O17 and 23C16D was built. The chromosome walk consisted of a virtual walk, made with existing sequence of BACs from the Medicago genome project, hybridizations to filters containing BAC DNA, and PCR reactions to confirm that predicted overlapping BACs contained DNA that yielded similar PCR products. In addition, the primers which are made for physical mapping via PCR could be good genetic markers helpful in discovering the location of the NIP gene. As a result of efforts repotted here, gap in physical map between marker 164N9 and 146O17 was closed.
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Soler, Lucile. "Recherche in silico de gènes potentiellement liés au sexe sur le groupe de liaison LG3, chez le tilapia du Nil Oreochromis niloticus." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20183/document.

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Les tilapias (espèces Oreochromis) sont le second groupe le plus important de poissons dans l'aquaculture mondiale ainsi qu'une des premières sources de protéines animales pour des millions de personnes dans les pays en cours de développement. En effet, Les tilapias ont la plupart des qualités requises dans le monde aquacole comme un taux de croissance important et une résistance aux maladies. Cependant leurs reproductions précoces et continues provoquent une surpopulation des bassins et un nanisme des individus. Pour surmonter ces difficultés, il s'agit de créer de nouvelles méthodes de contrôle du sexe (génétique et température) pour une meilleure compréhension de la détermination du sexe chez le tilapia. La détermination sexuelle chez les tilapias est complexe. En effet, le sexe est influencé par des facteurs génétiques majeurs (XX/XY), des facteurs génétiques mineur (sur les autosomes : LG3, LG23) et la température. Au cours des dernières années, de nombreuses ressources génomiques ont été progressivement développées (Bac End Sequences, Expressed sequence Tag, physical map, RH map…). Dans ce travail de thèse nous avons cherché à identifier, par des approches in silico, des gènes liés au sexe, en nous intéressant, en particulier, à ceux localisés sur LG3. Nous avons divisé notre travail en deux étapes. La première recouvre des travaux préliminaires de collecte et de comparaison d'informations existantes. Elle s'est concrétisée par la création d'une carte physique comparée entre le génome complet de l'épinoche et des BES du tilapia ainsi que d'une carte RH du tilapia. La deuxième étape porte sur l'analyse du chromosome correspondant au LG3 (Chr3). Nous avons pu grâce aux méthodes, outils et données développés lors de la première étape, reconstituer le Chr3, l'annoter et faire une liste de gènes impliqués dans la cascade du sexe chez le tilapia du Nil
Tilapias (Oreochromis spp.) are the second most important fish group in aquaculture and a primary source of animal protein for millions of people in developing countries. Indeed, Tilapias have most of the qualities required in aquaculture such as a good growth-rate and resistance to diseases. Nevertheless, their early and constant reproduction leads to tank overpopulation and dwarfism of individuals. To overcome this, new sex controlling methods (genetics and temperature) are being studied to better understand the sex determination in tilapia. Sex determination in tilapia is complex since sex is influenced by major genetic factors (XX/XY), minor genetic factors (on an autosome: LG3, LG23) and temperature factors. Over the past years a great effort has been done to increase the genomic tools in tilapia by obtaining data on Bac End Sequences (BES), Expressed Sequence tags (EST), physical map, RH map.... The objective of our work is to identify, by in silico approaches, genes associated to sex, especially the ones located on the linkage group LG3. We divided our work in two steps. The first work is to collect heterogeneous and available information existing on tilapia using comparative genomic analyses. This step led to the creation of a comparative physical map between the complete genome of stickleback and the BES of tilapia along with a tilapia RH map. The second step is to analyse the chromosome corresponding to the LG3 (Chr3). Using methods, tools and data developed during the first step, we recreated the Chr3, annotated it and listed the genes involved in the sex cascade in Nile tilapia
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Badami, Anand Shreyans. "Morphological and Structure-Property Analyses of Poly(arylene ether sulfone)-Based Random and Multiblock Copolymers for Fuel Cells." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29469.

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The commercialization of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells depends largely upon the development of PEMs whose properties are enhanced over current perfluorinated sulfonic acid PEMs. Understanding how a PEMâ s molecular weight and morphology affect its relevant performance properties is essential to this effort. Changes in molecular weight were found to have little effect on the phase separated morphologies, water uptake, and proton conductivities of random copolymers. Changes in block length, however, have a pronounced effect on multiblock copolymers, affecting surface and bulk morphologies, water uptake, proton conductivity, and hydrolytic stability, suggesting that multiblock copolymer PEM properties may be optimized by changes in morphology. A major goal of current proton exchange membrane fuel cell research involves developing high temperature membranes that can operate at ~120 °C and low humidites. Multiblock copolymers synthesized from 100% disulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) (BPSH100) and naphthalene polyimide (PI) oligomers may be an alternative. At block lengths of ~15 kg/mol they displayed no morphological changes up to 120 °C or even higher. Water desorption was observed to decrease with increasing block length. The copolymers exhibited little to no water loss during a 200 °C isotherm in contrast to random BPSH copolymers and Nafion. A BPSH100-PI multiblock copolymer with large block length appears to have morphological stability and retain water at temperatures exceeding 120 °C, suggesting its candidacy as a high temperature PEM. A growing number of alternative PEM research efforts involve multiblock copolymer chemistries, but little emphasis is placed on the methods used to couple the oligomers. Fluorinated linkage groups can help increase block efficiency during coupling, but their effect on a PEM is not well-known. The choice of linkage type, hexafluorobenzene (HFB) vs. decafluorobiphenyl (DFBP), appears to have small but observable influences on multiblock copolymers with disulfonated and unsulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) oligomers. DFBP linkages promote greater phase separation than HFB linkages, resulting in increased stiffness, decreased ductility, and increased proton conductivity at low humidities. DFBP linkages also promote more surface enrichment of fluorine, causing changes in surface morphology and slightly increased water desorption, but determining the impact on actual fuel cell performance requires further research.
Ph. D.
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Lopes, Juliana Chica. "O vínculo e sua relevância no trabalho terapêutico fonoaudiológico com grupos." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2008. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/12193.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:12:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana Chica Lopes.pdf: 324667 bytes, checksum: acdc8765b5b888b850c24b2aae9db4b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-28
Starting from Berenstein s (2001) definition about linkage as an "unconscious structure that connects one or more subjects (...) based on a relationship on presence", the objective of this research was to understand the configuration of linkages in therapeutic group process. It leaded us to reflect about how the linkage can be relevant for phonoaudiological work. We filmed two therapeutic groups formed by 4 and 3 adolescents respectively, once per month, during 5 months, bringing up 10 shots. The films were analyzed from its regular spelling transcript, added to the registration of scene information. The results showed that linkages were formed through: elements acting as group connectors, in our case: games and topics of common knowledge; roles assumed by the participants of the group; sharing common experiences about groups external to the therapy context; the bringing up of a shared vital project. We concluded that the linkage process within therapy is also a development process both of sociocultural attitudes as language
Partindo da definição de Berenstein (2001) que entende vínculo como uma estrutura inconsciente que une um ou mais sujeitos (...) em base a uma relação de presença , o objetivo da presente pesquisa foi o de compreender a configuração de vínculos no processo terapêutico grupal, para, a partir daí, refletir sobre como o vínculo pode ser relevante no trabalho fonoaudiológico. Foram filmados dois grupos terapêuticos formados por 4 e 3 adolescentes respectivamente, uma vez por mês, durante um período de 5 meses, perfazendo um total de 10 filmagens. Os filmes foram analisados a partir da sua transcrição em ortografia regular somada ao registro de informações sobre a cena. Os resultados mostraram que os vínculos se configuraram a partir: de elementos que funcionam como conectores do grupo, no nosso caso jogos e temas de conhecimento comum; de papéis assumidos pelos participantes do grupo; do compartilhamento de vivências comuns experimentadas nos grupos externos ao da terapia; da ascensão de um projeto vital compartilhado. Concluiu-se que o processo de configuração de vínculo no âmbito terapêutico é também um processo de desenvolvimento tanto de atitudes socioculturais como de linguagem
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Books on the topic "Group linkage"

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Reddy, K. Raja. A study on Self Help Group (SHG)-Bank Linkage in Andhra Pradesh. Hyderabad: Mahila Abhivruddhi Society, Andhra Pradesh (APMAS), 2005.

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Wilson, Kim. The role of Self Help Group Bank Linkage Programme in preventing rural emergencies in India. Mumbai: Microcredit Innovations Dept., National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development, 2002.

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D, Parke Ross, and Ladd Gary W. 1950-, eds. Family-peer relationships: Modes of linkage. Hillsdale, N.J: L. Erlbaum Associates, 1992.

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Fiegenbaum, Avi. Exploring the linkage between strategic groups and competitive strategy. [Urbana, Ill.]: College of Commerce and Business Administration, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1986.

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Malcolm, Payne. Linkages: Effective networking in social care. London: Whiting and Birch, 1993.

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A, Bositis David, ed. Politics and linkage in a democratic society. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1993.

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Indian Council of Social Science Research. and Centre for Economic and Social Studies, Hyderabad., eds. SHG-Bank linkage in India: Empowerment and sustainability. Delhi: B.R. Pub. Corp., 2007.

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California. Legislature. Joint Committee to Develop a Master Plan for Education-Kindergarten Through University. Workforce Preparation and Business Linkages Strategic Planning Working Group. Workforce Preparation and Business Linkages Strategic Planning Working Group final report. Sacramento, Calif: Senate Publications, 2002.

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Institute of Rural Management (Ānand, India), ed. The SHG-Bank Linkage Programme: An assessment and future strategies. Anand: Institute of Rural Management, Anand, Gujarat, 2002.

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Kaur, Sumeet. Financial inclusion through self help groups in Punjab: Impact evaluation. New Delhi, India: Serials Publications Pvt. Ltd., 2015.

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Book chapters on the topic "Group linkage"

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Li, Fengjun, Yuxin Chen, Bo Luo, Dongwon Lee, and Peng Liu. "Privacy Preserving Group Linkage." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 432–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22351-8_27.

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Fu, Zhichun, Jun Zhou, Peter Christen, and Mac Boot. "Multiple Instance Learning for Group Record Linkage." In Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, 171–82. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30217-6_15.

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Nanayakkara, Charini, Peter Christen, and Thilina Ranbaduge. "Robust Temporal Graph Clustering for Group Record Linkage." In Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, 526–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16145-3_41.

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Dutcher, Susan K. "Genetic Properties of Linkage Group XIX in Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii." In Extrachromosomal Elements in Lower Eukaryotes, 303–25. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5251-8_24.

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Lewis, Marion, and Teresa Zelinski. "Linkage Relationships and Gene Mapping of Human Blood Group Loci." In Molecular Basis of Human Blood Group Antigens, 445–75. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9537-0_17.

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Fu, Zhichun, Jun Zhou, Furong Peng, and Peter Christen. "A Bag Reconstruction Method for Multiple Instance Classification and Group Record Linkage." In Advanced Data Mining and Applications, 247–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35527-1_21.

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Ohno, S. "Conservation in toto of the mammalian X-linkage group as a frozen accident." In Chromosomes Today, 147–53. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9166-4_14.

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Fomin, A., and S. Kiselev. "Structural and Kinematic Analysis of a Shaper Linkage with Four-Bar Assur Group." In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Industrial Engineering, 1411–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95630-5_149.

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Bertin, Patrícia Rocha Bello, Cynthia Parr, Debora Pignatari Drucker, and Imma Subirats. "The Research Data Alliance Interest Group on Agricultural Data: Supporting a Global Community of Practice." In Towards Responsible Plant Data Linkage: Data Challenges for Agricultural Research and Development, 289–300. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13276-6_15.

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AbstractEfforts to address equity and inclusion in agricultural data infrastructures face numerous challenges. People and networks are widely distributed geographically. This means some solutions to data problems may arise regionally and independently, yet many people are not easily able to engage with their distant colleagues to learn about them or collaborate. In general, constraints on funding for such projects are often national rather than international, and travel funding is not equally distributed. Finally, the breadth of activity means interdisciplinary communication is important but difficult and hard to sustain. Addressing these challenges, the Research Data Alliance (RDA) has been a home for the Interest Group on Agricultural Data (IGAD) since 2013. In 2021, IGAD became the first example of a new type of RDA group – a Community of Practice. A future goal is to use this community of practice to put good regional or national work into practice via inclusive collaborations. This chapter reflects on the lessons learnt from the IGAD community of practice in its attempts to include new voices around the world.
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Schurr, E., E. Skamene, M. Nesbitt, R. Hynes, and P. Gros. "Identification of a Linkage Group Including the Bcg Gene by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis." In Genetics of Immunological Diseases, 310–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-50059-6_46.

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Conference papers on the topic "Group linkage"

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On, Byung-Won, Nick Koudas, Dongwon Lee, and Divesh Srivastava. "Group Linkage." In 2007 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Data Engineering. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icde.2007.367895.

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Li, Pei, Xin Luna Dong, Songtao Guo, Andrea Maurino, and Divesh Srivastava. "Robust Group Linkage." In WWW '15: 24th International World Wide Web Conference. Republic and Canton of Geneva, Switzerland: International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2736277.2741118.

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Ting, Kwun-Lon, Changyu Xue, Jun Wang, and Kenneth R. Currie. "On the Mobility of Spatial Group 2 Mechanisms." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87372.

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Spatial linkages are classified into four groups according to the number of fundamental equations or virtual loops that govern linkage displacement. The number of virtual loops represents the complexity of a spatial linkage as that of planar or spherical multiloop linkages. The concept of generalized branch points offers the explanation of how branches are formed in spatial group 2 linkages. In this paper, the mobility analysis is carried out based on the similarity of the mobility features rather than the specific or individual linkage structure. A branch rectification scheme is presented and demonstrated with examples.
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Wang, Jun, and Kwun-Lon Ting. "Mobility Identification of a Group of Single Degree-of-Freedom Eight-Bar Linkages." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28961.

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This paper presents the first complete and automated mobility identification method for a group of single-DOF planar eight-bar linkages and thus represents a breakthrough on the recognition and understanding of complex linkage mobility. The mobility identification in this paper refers to the configuration space, the range of motion, and configuration recognition. It is a troublesome problem encountered in any linkage analysis and synthesis. The problem becomes extremely confusing with complex multiloop linkages. The proposed approach is simple and straightforward. It recognizes that the loop equations are the mathematical fundamentals for the formation of branches, sub-branches, and other mobility issues of the entire linkage. The mobility information is then extracted through the discriminant method. The paper presents complete answers to all typical mobility issues, offers the mathematical insight as well as explanation on the effects of multiple loops via joint rotation space, and casts light for treating the mobility problems of other complex linkages. The merits of the discriminant method for mobility identification are clarified and examples are employed to showcase the proposed method. The computer-aided automated mobility analysis of eight-bar linkages is made possible for the first time.
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Ting, Kwun-Lon, Changyu Xue, Jun Wang, and Kenneth R. Currie. "On the Branch Formation of Linkages." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87384.

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A spatial linkage with the displacement governed by two fundamental equations can be regarded as a virtual double loop system. The mobility of the linkage is affected by the mobility of each individual “loop” as well as the interaction between the loops. The current use of branch points for branch identification is limited to linkages with simple topology, such as Stephenson-type linkages, which are simplified versions of group 2 mechanisms. However, in a general spatial group 2 linkage, both the fundamental equations are equivalent to virtual five-bar loops. Branch points in Stephenson-type linkages should be generalized to explain and define the interaction between two virtual five-bar loops. The concept of generalized branch points offers the explanation of how branches are formed in spatial group 2 linkages. This paper presents the theoretical background for the mobility analysis of complex spatial linkages.
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Litvin, F. L., J. Tan, P. Fanghella, and S. Wu. "Singularities in Motion and Displacement Functions for the RCRCR RCRRC and RSRC Linkages: Part I — Basic Concepts." In ASME 1987 Design Technology Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1987-0089.

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Abstract A new approach for the determination of singularities in motion of spatial linkages, displacement functions and the number of linkage configurations is proposed. Singularities in motion occur at positions where an overconstrained group of links become movable at least locally while the driving link is fixed. The determination of displacement functions is based on modeling of the linkage by two open kinematic chains formed: (i) by links of an overconstrained group of links and (ii) the driving link and the frame. Conditions of “assembly” of the open chains provide invariants-scalar products-that yield the appropriate equations that relate the parameters in motion of the driving link and the overconstrained group of links. The number of linkage configurations is proposed to determine through the number of singularity positions that are simulated with a certain combination of the linkage design parameters. Applications of the proposed approach to the RCRCR, RCRRC and RSRC linkages are represented in the following parts 2, 3 and 4 of the paper.
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Huang, Shu. "Mixed Group Discovery: Incorporating Group Linkage with Alternatively Consistent Social Network Analysis." In 2010 IEEE Fourth International Conference on Semantic Computing (ICSC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsc.2010.26.

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Ting, Kwun-Lon, and Xiaohong Dou. "Branch, Mobility Criteria, and Classification of RSSR and Other Bimodal Linkages." In ASME 1994 Design Technical Conferences collocated with the ASME 1994 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exhibition and the ASME 1994 8th Annual Database Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1994-0208.

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Abstract The article presents a classification scheme based on the number of branches that a linkage may have and a general Grashof type mobility criterion for a group of over sixty types of four-, five-, six-, and seven-bar linkages, including RSSR, RSSP, RPSC, RSCP, RCSP, RCCC, and Duffy’s Groups 1 and 1* spatial linkages (1980). The criterion is derived from the quartic discriminant of the quadratic equation relating the input and output displacements. It has the simplicity compatible to that of the Grashof criterion and includes the Grashof criterion but without its ambiguity on the branch problem. The derivation and the demonstration are carried out through RSSR and RSSP mechanisms. The simplicity and generality of the proposed criterion surpass any mobility criterion available so far for any spatial linkage.
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Agarwal, Vikas, Vikram Desai, Shalini Kapoor, Ponnurangam Kumaraguru, and Sumit Mittal. "Enhancing the rural Self Help Group - Bank Linkage Program." In 2011 IEEE International Conference on Service Operations and Logistics and Informatics (SOLI). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/soli.2011.5986523.

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Agarwal, Vikas, Vikram Desai, Shalini Kapoor, Ponnurangam Kumaraguru, and Sumit Mittal. "Enhancing the Rural Self Help Group -- Bank Linkage Program." In 2011 Annual SRII Global Conference (SRII). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/srii.2011.98.

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Reports on the topic "Group linkage"

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Hulata, Gideon, and Graham A. E. Gall. Breed Improvement of Tilapia: Selective Breeding for Cold Tolerance and for Growth Rate in Fresh and Saline Water. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586478.bard.

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The main objective of this project was to initiate a breeding program to produce cold-tolerant and salinity-tolerant synthetic breeds of tilapia, from a base population consisting of a four-species hybrid population created under an earlier BARD project. A secondary objective was to estimate genetic parameters for the traits growth rate under fresh- and salt-water and for cold tolerance. A third objective was to place quantitative trait loci that affect these traits of interest (e.g., growth rate in fresh-water, salt-water and cold tolerance) on the growing linkage map of primarily microsatellite loci. We have encountered fertility problems that were apparently the result of the complex genetic structure of this base population. The failure in producing the first generation of the breeding program has forced us to stop the intended breeding program. Thus, upon approval of BARD office, this objective was dropped and during the last year we have focused on the secondary objective of the original project during the third year of the project, but failed to perform the intended analysis to estimate genetic parameters for the traits of interest. We have succeeded, however, to strengthen the earlier identification of a QTL for cold tolerance by analyzing further segregating families. The results support the existence of a QTL for cold tolerance on linkage group 15, corresponding to UNH linkage group 23. The results also indicate a QTL for the same trait on linkage group 12, corresponding to UNH linkage group 4.
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Berger, J. M. A Paler Shade of White: Identity & In-group Critique in James Mason’s Siege. RESOLVE Network, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/remve2021.1.

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Discussions of extremist ideologies naturally focus on how in-groups criticize and attack out-groups. But many important extremist ideological texts are disproportionately focused criticizing their own in-group. This research report will use linkage-based analysis to examine Siege, a White nationalist tract that has played an important role shaping modern neo-Nazi movements, including such violent organizations as Atomwaffen Division and The Base. While Siege strongly attacks out-groups, including Jewish and Black people, the book is overwhelmingly a critique of how the White people of its in-group fall short of Nazi ideals. Siege’s central proposition—that the White in-group is disappointing, deeply corrupt, and complacent—shapes its argument for an “accelerationist” strategy to hasten the collapse of society in order to build something entirely new. Finally, this report briefly reviews comparable extremist texts from other movements to draw insights about how in-group critiques shape extremist strategies. These insights offer policymakers and law enforcement tools to anticipate and counter violent extremist strategies. They also highlight less-obvious avenues for potential counter-extremist interventions and messaging campaigns.
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Hulata, Gideon, Thomas D. Kocher, and Micha Ron. Elucidating the molecular pathway of sex determination in cultured Tilapias and use of genetic markers for creating monosex populations. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7695855.bard.

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The objectives of this project were to: 1) Identify genetic markers linked to sex-determining genes in various experimental and commercial stocks of O. niloticusand O. aureus, as well as red tilapias; 2) Develop additional markers tightly linked to these sex determiners, and develop practical, non-destructive genetic tests for identifying genotypic sex in young tilapia; A third aim, to map sex modifier loci, was removed during budget negotiations at the start of the project. Background to the topic. A major obstacle to profitable farming of tilapia is the tendency of females to reproduce at a small size during the production cycle, diverting feed and other resources to a large population of small, unmarketable fish. Several approaches for producing all-male fingerlings have been tried, including interspecific hybridization, hormonal masculinization, and the use of YY-supermale broodstock. Each method has disadvantages that could be overcome with a better understanding of the genetic basis of sex determination in tilapia. The lack of sex-linked markers has been a major impediment in research and development of efficient monosex populations for tilapia culture. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements. We identified DNA markers linked to sex determining genes in six closely related species of tilapiine fishes. The mode of sex determination differed among species. In Oreochromis karongaeand Tilapia mariaethe sex-determining locus is on linkage group (LG) 3 and the female is heterogametic (WZ-ZZ system). In O. niloticusand T. zilliithe sex-determining locus is on LG1 and the male is heterogametic (XX-XY system). We have nearly identified the series of BAC clones that completely span the region. A more complex pattern was observed in O. aureus and O. mossambicus, in which markers on both LG1 and LG3 were associated with sex. We found evidence for sex-linked lethal effects on LG1, as well as interactions between loci in the two linkage groups. Comparison of genetic and physical maps demonstrated a broad region of recombination suppression harboring the sex-determining locus on LG3. We also mapped 29 genes that are considered putative regulators of sex determination. Amhand Dmrta2 mapped to separate QTL for sex determination on LG23. The other 27 genes mapped to various linkage groups, but none of them mapped to QTL for sex determination, so they were excluded as candidates for sex determination in these tilapia species. Implications, both scientific and agricultural. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that at least two transitions in the mode of sex determination have occurred in the evolution of tilapia species. This variation makes tilapias an excellent model system for studying the evolution of sex chromosomes in vertebrates. The genetic markers we have identified on LG1 in O. niloticusaccurately diagnose the phenotypic sex and are being used to develop monosex populations of tilapia, and eliminate the tedious steps of progeny testing to verify the genetic sex of broodstock animals.
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Hajarizadeh, Behzad, Jennifer MacLachlan, Benjamin Cowie, and Gregory J. Dore. Population-level interventions to improve the health outcomes of people living with hepatitis B: an Evidence Check brokered by the Sax Institute for the NSW Ministry of Health, 2022. The Sax Institute, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/pxwj3682.

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Background An estimated 292 million people are living with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection globally, including 223,000 people in Australia. HBV diagnosis and linkage of people living with HBV to clinical care is suboptimal in Australia, with 27% of people living with HBV undiagnosed and 77% not receiving regular HBV clinical care. This systematic review aimed to characterize population-level interventions implemented to enhance all components of HBV care cascade and analyse the effectiveness of interventions. Review questions Question 1: What population-level interventions, programs or policy approaches have been shown to be effective in reducing the incidence of hepatitis B; and that may not yet be fully rolled out or evaluated in Australia demonstrate early effectiveness, or promise, in reducing the incidence of hepatitis B? Question 2: What population-level interventions and/or programs are effective at reducing disease burden for people in the community with hepatitis B? Methods Four bibliographic databases and 21 grey literature sources were searched. Studies were eligible for inclusion if the study population included people with or at risk of chronic HBV, and the study conducted a population-level interventions to decrease HBV incidence or disease burden or to enhance any components of HBV care cascade (i.e., diagnosis, linkage to care, treatment initiation, adherence to clinical care), or HBV vaccination coverage. Studies published in the past 10 years (since January 2012), with or without comparison groups were eligible for inclusion. Studies conducting an HBV screening intervention were eligible if they reported proportion of people participating in screening, proportion of newly diagnosed HBV (participant was unaware of their HBV status), proportion of people received HBV vaccination following screening, or proportion of participants diagnosed with chronic HBV infection who were linked to HBV clinical care. Studies were excluded if study population was less than 20 participants, intervention included a pharmaceutical intervention or a hospital-based intervention, or study was implemented in limited clinical services. The records were initially screened by title and abstract. The full texts of potentially eligible records were reviewed, and eligible studies were selected for inclusion. For each study included in analysis, the study outcome and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated. For studies including a comparison group, odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95%CIs were calculated. Random effect meta-analysis models were used to calculate the pooled study outcome estimates. Stratified analyses were conducted by study setting, study population, and intervention-specific characteristics. Key findings A total of 61 studies were included in the analysis. A large majority of studies (study n=48, 79%) included single-arm studies with no concurrent control, with seven (12%) randomised controlled trials, and six (10%) non-randomised controlled studies. A total of 109 interventions were evaluated in 61 included studies. On-site or outreach HBV screening and linkage to HBV clinical care coordination were the most frequent interventions, conducted in 27 and 26 studies, respectively. Question 1 We found no studies reporting HBV incidence as the study outcome. One study conducted in remote area demonstrated that an intervention including education of pregnant women and training village health volunteers enhanced coverage of HBV birth dose vaccination (93% post-intervention, vs. 81% pre-intervention), but no data of HBV incidence among infants were reported. Question 2 Study outcomes most relevant to the HBV burden for people in the community with HBV included, HBV diagnosis, linkage to HBV care, and HBV vaccination coverage. Among randomised controlled trials aimed at enhancing HBV screening, a meta-analysis was conducted including three studies which implemented an intervention including community face-to-face education focused on HBV and/or liver cancer among migrants from high HBV prevalence areas. This analysis demonstrated a significantly higher HBV testing uptake in intervention groups with the likelihood of HBV testing 3.6 times higher among those participating in education programs compared to the control groups (OR: 3.62, 95% CI 2.72, 4.88). In another analysis, including 25 studies evaluating an intervention to enhance HBV screening, a pooled estimate of 66% of participants received HBV testing following the study intervention (95%CI: 58-75%), with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 17-98%; I-square: 99.9%). A stratified analysis by HBV screening strategy demonstrated that in the studies providing participants with on-site HBV testing, the proportion receiving HBV testing (80%, 95%CI: 72-87%) was significantly higher compared to the studies referring participants to an external site for HBV testing (54%, 95%CI: 37-71%). In the studies implementing an intervention to enhance linkage of people diagnosed with HBV infection to clinical care, the interventions included different components and varied across studies. The most common component was post-test counselling followed by assistance with scheduling clinical appointments, conducted in 52% and 38% of the studies, respectively. In meta-analysis, a pooled estimate of 73% of people with HBV infection were linked to HBV clinical care (95%CI: 64-81%), with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 28-100%; I-square: 99.2%). A stratified analysis by study population demonstrated that in the studies among general population in high prevalence countries, 94% of people (95%CI: 88-100%) who received the study intervention were linked to care, significantly higher than 72% (95%CI: 61-83%) in studies among migrants from high prevalence area living in a country with low prevalence. In 19 studies, HBV vaccination uptake was assessed after an intervention, among which one study assessed birth dose vaccination among infants, one study assessed vaccination in elementary school children and 17 studies assessed vaccination in adults. Among studies assessing adult vaccination, a pooled estimate of 38% (95%CI: 21-56%) of people initiated vaccination, with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 0.5-93%; I square: 99.9%). A stratified analysis by HBV vaccination strategy demonstrated that in the studies providing on-site vaccination, the uptake was 78% (95%CI: 62-94%), significantly higher compared to 27% (95%CI: 13-42%) in studies referring participants to an external site for vaccination. Conclusion This systematic review identified a wide variety of interventions, mostly multi-component interventions, to enhance HBV screening, linkage to HBV clinical care, and HBV vaccination coverage. High heterogeneity was observed in effectiveness of interventions in all three domains of screening, linkage to care, and vaccination. Strategies identified to boost the effectiveness of interventions included providing on-site HBV testing and vaccination (versus referral for testing and vaccination) and including community education focussed on HBV or liver cancer in an HBV screening program. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of more novel interventions (e.g., point of care testing) and interventions specifically including Indigenous populations, people who inject drugs, men who have sex with men, and people incarcerated.
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Gall, Graham A. E., Gideon Hulata, Eric M. Hallerman, Bernard May, and Umiel Nakdimon. Creating and Characterizing Genetic Variation in Tilapia through the Creation of an Artificial Center of Origin. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7574344.bard.

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Five stocks of tilapia [oreochromis niloticus (on), red O. niloticus (ROn), O. aureus (Oa), O. mossambicus (Om), and Sarotherodon galilaeus (Sg)] were used to produce two-way (F1), three-way (3WC) and four-way crosses (4WC). Three 4WC groups, containing equal representation of all four species, formed the base population for a new synthetic stock, called an "artificial center of origin" (ACO). Four genomic maps were created using microsatellite and AFLP markers, two from a 3WC family [Om female and (Oa x ROn) male] and two from a 4WC family [(Om x Oas) females and (Sg x On) male]. Sixty-two loci segregating from the female parent of the 3WC mapped to 14 linkage groups while 214 loci from the male parent mapped to 24 linkage groups. Similarly, 131 loci segregating from the female parent of the 4WC mapped to 26 linkage groups and 118 loci from the male parent mapped to 25 linkage groups. Preliminary screening of an F2 and a 4WC family identified a number of loci associated with cold tolerance and body weight. These loci were clustered in a few linkage groups, suggesting they may be indicative of quantitative trait loci.
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Weller, Joel, Harris Lewin, Micha Ron, George Wiggans, and Paul VanRaden. A Systematic Genome Search for Genes Affecting Economic Traits Dairy Cattle with the Aid of Genetic Markers. United States Department of Agriculture, April 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7695836.bard.

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The objectives were to continue collection of semen for the US dairy bull DNA repository, to conduct a systematic search of the Holstein genome for economically significant economic trait loci (ETL), to develop and refine statistical techniques for the analysis of the data generated, and to confirm significant effects by genotyping daughters i Israel and additional US sons. One-thousand-seventy-six sons of eight US grandsires were genotyped for 174 microsatellites located on all 29 autosomes. ETL were detected for milk production traits on seven chromosomes. ETL for milk and fat yield and fat and protein percentage on BTA3 was mapped to between the markers BL41 and TGLA263. The 95% confidence interval for the ETL affecting fat percentage on BTA14 localized this ETL between the contromere and chromosome position 11 cM. This ETL was verified in the Israeli cattle population by genotyping an independent sample of cows from seven families. The radiation hybrid data for the centromeric region of BTA14 is defined by a single linkage group. Order of Type I genes within this region, CYC-FADK-TG-SQLE, is conserved between human and cattle. Thus, HSA8, the human homologue of BTA14, can be used to identify candidate genes for the ETL.
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Kochar, Anjini, Stuti Tripathi, Francis Rathinam, Pooja Sengupta, and Priyanka Dubey. Promoting women’s groups for facilitating market linkages in Bihar, India. International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23846/wp0049.

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Reisch, Bruce, Pinhas Spiegel-Roy, Norman Weeden, Gozal Ben-Hayyim, and Jacques Beckmann. Genetic Analysis in vitis Using Molecular Markers. United States Department of Agriculture, April 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7613014.bard.

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Genetic analysis and mapping in grapes has been difficult because of the long generation period and paucity of genetic markers. In the present work, chromosome linkage maps were developed with RAPD, RFLP and isozyme loci in interspecific hybrid cultivars, and RAPD markers were produced in a V. vinifera population. In three cultivars, there were 19 linkage groups as expected for a species with 38 somatic chromosomes. These maps were used to locate chromosome regions with linkages to important genes, including those influencing powdery mildew and botrytis bunch rot resistance; flower sex; and berry shape. In V. vinifera, the occurrence of specific markers was correlated with seedlessness, muscat flavor and fruit color. Polymorphic RAPD bands included single copy as well as repetitive DNA. Mapping procedures were improved by optimizing PCR parameters with grape DNA; by the development of an efficient DNA extraction protocol; and with the use of long (17- to 24-mer) primers which amplify more polymorphic loci per primer. DNA fingerprint analysis with RAPD markers indicated that vinifera cultivars could be separated readily with RAPD profiles. Pinot gris, thought to be a sort of Pinot noir, differed by 12 bands from Pinot noir. This suggests that while Pinot gris may be related to Pinot noir, it is not likely to be a clone. The techniques developed in this project are now being further refined to use marker-assisted selection in breeding programs for the early selection of elite seedlings. Furthermore, the stage has been set for future attempts to clone genes from grapes based upon map locations.
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Allock, Harry R., and Charles G. Cameron. The Synthesis and Characterization of Small Molecule and Photo-Cross- Linkable High Polymeric Phosphazenes Bearing Cinnamate Groups. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada279782.

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Breiman, Adina, Jan Dvorak, Abraham Korol, and Eduard Akhunov. Population Genomics and Association Mapping of Disease Resistance Genes in Israeli Populations of Wild Relatives of Wheat, Triticum dicoccoides and Aegilops speltoides. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697121.bard.

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Wheat is the most widely grown crop on earth, together with rice it is second to maize in total global tonnage. One of the emerging threats to wheat is stripe (yellow) rust, especially in North Africa, West and Central Asia and North America. The most efficient way to control plant diseases is to introduce disease resistant genes. However, the pathogens can overcome rapidly the effectiveness of these genes when they are wildly used. Therefore, there is a constant need to find new resistance genes to replace the non-effective genes. The resistance gene pool in the cultivated wheat is depleted and there is a need to find new genes in the wild relative of wheat. Wild emmer (Triticum dicoccoides) the progenitor of the cultivated wheat can serve as valuable gene pool for breeding for disease resistance. Transferring of novel genes into elite cultivars is highly facilitated by the availability of information of their chromosomal location. Therefore, our goals in this study was to find stripe rust resistant and susceptible genotypes in Israeli T. dicoccoides population, genotype them using state of the art genotyping methods and to find association between genetic markers and stripe rust resistance. We have screened 129 accessions from our collection of wild emmer wheat for resistance to three isolates of stripe rust. About 30% of the accessions were resistant to one or more isolates, 50% susceptible, and the rest displayed intermediate response. The accessions were genotyped with Illumina'sInfinium assay which consists of 9K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. About 13% (1179) of the SNPs were polymorphic in the wild emmer population. Cluster analysis based on SNP diversity has shown that there are two main groups in the wild population. A big cluster probably belongs to the Horanum ssp. and a small cluster of the Judaicum ssp. In order to avoid population structure bias, the Judaicum spp. was removed from the association analysis. In the remaining group of genotypes, linkage disequilibrium (LD) measured along the chromosomes decayed rapidly within one centimorgan. This is the first time when such analysis is conducted on a genome wide level in wild emmer. Such a rapid decay in LD level, quite unexpected for a selfer, was not observed in cultivated wheat collection. It indicates that wild emmer populations are highly suitable for association studies yielding a better resolution than association studies in cultivated wheat or genetic mapping in bi-parental populations. Significant association was found between an SNP marker located in the distal region of chromosome arm 1BL and resistance to one of the isolates. This region is not known in the literature to bear a stripe rust resistance gene. Therefore, there may be a new stripe rust resistance gene in this locus. With the current fast increase of wheat genome sequence data, genome wide association analysis becomes a feasible task and efficient strategy for searching novel genes in wild emmer wheat. In this study, we have shown that the wild emmer gene pool is a valuable source for new stripe rust resistance genes that can protect the cultivated wheat.
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