Academic literature on the topic 'Group influence; status-confirmation model; behavioural'
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Journal articles on the topic "Group influence; status-confirmation model; behavioural"
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Gómez-Laplaza, Luis. "SOCIAL STATUS AND INVESTIGATORY BEHAVIOUR IN THE ANGELFISH (PTEROPHYLLUM SCALARE)." Behaviour 139, no. 11-12 (2002): 1469–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685390260514726.
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AbstractThe response of juvenile angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare) with different dominance ranks towards a potential predator and a nonthreatening novel stimulus was studied when in a group, to assess the influence of the social status on investigatory behaviour. Dominant fish showed a cautious predator inspection behaviour, often approaching the predator model from a relatively safe distance. In contrast, middle ranking fish inspected the predator model closely and the number and duration of the inspection visits to the area closest to the predator were greater than those of the other group members. Subordinate fish tended to avoid the potential predator, but showed the greatest interest in the novel harmless stimulus, investigating it more readily and for more time from the shortest distance than their companions. Dominant fish displayed a rather weak response towards the nonthreatening stimulus, exhibiting the shortest duration of investigation and the longest latency of approach. The response of intermediate ranking fish was more variable, existing little differences with that showed by any of the other fish categories in the parameters considered. The results indicate that dominance relationships within a group may affect behavioural decisions during investigatory behaviour, and suggest that individuals with different social status use different behavioural strategies dependent on the focal stimulus, possibly reflecting adaptive changes and physiological condition.
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Ong, Tze Xien Shelley, Chong Shyue Chuan, and Sia Bik Kai. "Modelling public intention to reduce Non-Revenue Water: An expanded version of the Theory of Planned Behaviour." Asia Proceedings of Social Sciences 6, no. 2 (April 24, 2020): 134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/apss.v6i2.1267.
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The study aims to examine the public’s Non-Revenue Water (NRW) reduction behavioural intention in Malaysia. It attempts to expand the social-psychological behavioural model (i.e. the theory of planned behaviour (TPB)) by adding the constructs of environmental knowledge, environmental concern, the respondents’ gender, age group, ethnicity, marital status and education level to predict the public’s behavioural intention to engage in NRW reduction practices. A self-structured questionnaire with face-to-face interview was employed to gather responses from 800 citizens who are currently living in the state of Selangor, the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Pahang, and Johor. Following the subsequent hierarchical linear regression models, the final model has explained 51.3% of the variance in behavioural intention to engage in NRW reduction practices. The study’s findings identify that the factors of attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, environmental knowledge, environmental concern, and gender significantly influence the NRW reduction intention. Moreover, the study reveals that ethnicity and education differences have significant influences on the expanded TPB in terms of NRW reduction. This study contributes to the existing theory and practice by providing useful insights about the attribution of environmental knowledge and environmental concern on the public’s NRW reduction intention.
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Ong, Tze Xien Shelley, Chong Shyue Chuan, and Sia Bik Kai. "Modelling Public Intention to Reduce Non-Revenue Water: An Expanded Version of the Theory of Planned Behaviour." Journal of Economic Info 7, no. 2 (August 1, 2020): 120–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/jei.v7i2.1440.
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The study seeks to determine the public’s Non-Revenue Water (NRW) reduction behavioural intention in Malaysia. It endeavours to expand the social-psychological behavioural model which is the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) by adding the determinants of environmental knowledge, environmental concern, the respondents’ gender, age group, ethnicity, marital status and education level to predict the public’s behavioural intention to engage in NRW reduction practices. A self-structured questionnaire with face-to-face interview was employed to gather responses from 800 citizens who are currently living in the state of Selangor, the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Pahang, and Johor. Following the subsequent hierarchical linear regression models, the final model has explained 51.3% of the variance in behavioural intention to take part in NRW reduction practices. The study’s findings identify that the factors of attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, environmental knowledge, environmental concern, and gender significantly influence the NRW reduction intention. Moreover, the study reveals that ethnicity and education differences have significant influences on the expanded TPB in terms of NRW reduction. This study furthers to the present theory and experience by offering advantageous perception about the application of environmental knowledge and environmental concern on the public’s NRW reduction intention.
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Young, Lauren M., Sarah Gauci, Lizanne Arnoldy, Laura Martin, Naomi Perry, David J. White, Denny Meyer, et al. "Investigating the Effects of a Multinutrient Supplement on Cognition, Mood and Biochemical Markers in Middle-Aged Adults with ‘Optimal’ and ‘Sub-Optimal’ Diets: A Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled Trial." Nutrients 14, no. 23 (November 29, 2022): 5079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14235079.
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Background: Previous randomized controlled trials examining cognitive and mood effects of combination multivitamin supplements in healthy, non-clinical adults have reported mixed results. One purported explanation for this is that the dietary status of participants at the start of supplement interventions may influence the magnitude of the effect of supplementation. Methods: In this study, we evaluated the effect of a multinutrient formula containing B group vitamins, Bacopa monniera and Ginkgo biloba on memory, attention, mood and biochemical markers of nutrient status in middle-aged adults (M = 52.84 years, n = 141) with ‘optimal’ and ‘sub-optimal’ diets over 12 weeks. We hypothesised that active supplementation would differentially improve memory and attention in those with a ‘sub-optimal’ diet. Results: Mixed model, repeated measures analysis revealed that, in comparison to placebo, active treatment was associated with significant increases in B vitamin status (B1, B6, B12). Regarding behavioural outcomes there was no significant benefit to memory (F(1, 113.51) = 0.53, p = 0.470) nor attention (F(1,113.77) = 1.89, p = 0.171) in the whole cohort. Contrary to our hypothesis, there was a significant beneficial effect of supplementation on attentional performance in individuals with an ‘optimal’ diet prior to supplementation (F(1,57.25) = 4.94, p = 0.030). In the absence of a main effect of supplementation across the entire cohort, there were also a number of significant three-way interactions (treatment by time by diet group) detected in secondary outcomes including lower state anxiety and mental fatigue in those with an ‘optimal’ diet. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the cognitive benefit of B vitamin and herbal supplementation may be dependent on diet quality, supporting the concepts of ‘co-nutrient optimisation’ and interdependency of nutrients. This warrants further investigation. This study advocates characterising the diet of participants prior to supplementation as it may influence the effect of a nutraceutical intervention.
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Dwivedi, Rinshu, and Jalandhar Pradhan. "Does affordability matter? Examining the trends and patterns in health care expenditure in India." Health Services Management Research 33, no. 4 (May 25, 2020): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0951484820923921.
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Background Absence of better financing mechanism results in higher out of pocket expenditure and catastrophe, which leads to impoverishment and poverty especially among low- and middle-income countries like India. This paper examines the major characteristics associated with the higher out of pocket expenditure and provides an insight from Andersen’s behavioural model that how predisposing, enabling and need factors influence the level and pattern of out of pocket expenditure in India. Methods Data has been extracted from three rounds of nationally representative consumer expenditure surveys, i.e. 1993–1994, 2004–2005 and 2011–2012 conducted by the Government of India. States were categorized based on regional classification, and adult equivalent scale was used to adjust the household size. Multiple Generalized-Linear-Regression-Model was employed to explore the relative effect of various socio-economic covariates on the level of out of pocket expenditure. Results The gap has widened between advantaged and disadvantaged segment of the population along with noticeable regional disparities among Indian states. Generalized-Linear-Regression-Model indicates that the most influential predisposing and enabling factor determining the level of out of pocket expenditure were age composition, religion, social-group, household type, residence, economic status, sources of cooking and lighting arrangements among the households. Conclusions Present study suggests the need for strengthening the affordability mechanism of the households to cope with the excessive burden of health care payments. Furthermore, special consideration is required to accommodate the needs of the elderly, rural, backward states and impoverishment segment of population to reduce the unjust burden of out of pocket expenditure in India.
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Ajitha, Soundararaj, and V. J. Sivakumar. "The moderating role of age and gender on the attitude towards new luxury fashion brands." Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal 23, no. 4 (September 19, 2019): 440–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfmm-05-2018-0074.
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Purpose There is a significant growth in the consumption of new luxury fashion brands in developing price-sensitive markets like India. Not only does this growth demonstrate how the “new” luxury brands have become a success, but is also illustrative of the perception and practice of style and status among the middle classes. The purpose of this paper is to argue that the consumer’s attitude for buying a branded product entails the need for uniqueness and self-monitoring. It also contends that gender and age moderate the consumer’s attitude. Design/methodology/approach This study employed a self-monitored survey to collect the data from the customers of new luxury fashion retail brand stores in Chennai, India for empirical validation of the model. Data collected from 394 new luxury brands shoppers were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling. Findings The need for uniqueness and self-monitoring had significant positive influences on social-adjustive attitude and value-expressive attitude. However, the relationship between self-monitoring and value-expressive attitude was weak when compared to other relationships. Significant differences were seen in the strengths of the relationships between gender and age. Originality/value New luxury is significantly different from traditional luxury. Analyses regarding age group, gender and attitude can provide unique understanding related to new luxury trends, especially in a price sensitive and emerging market like India. This would help managers in segmenting the market based on consumer demographics, and devise strategies based on their characteristics to influence their attitudes and other behavioural patterns.
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Viphanphong, Wut, Phatcharawat Pattanachaidecha, and Tanpat Kraiwanit. "Good-deed behaviours for improving society based on the Wisdom Tree concept." Corporate Governance and Organizational Behavior Review 6, no. 4, special issue (2022): 306–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cgobrv6i4sip11.
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Good deeds have been employed as instruments to propel society toward prosperity and fulfilment (Miller, 2019), while the Wisdom Tree model is an intriguing notion for discovering the optimal answer for a community with varied groupings of members (Utsahajit, 2017). Consequently, the study’s objectives are as follows: 1) to specify which good-deed behaviour is most important; 2) to apply the Wisdom Tree concept in categorising people in a society; 3) to investigate factors influencing the attitude toward doing good deeds, and 4) to determine which group of the population should be encouraged to do good deeds in order to drive good-deed promoting frameworks. Chi-square analysis was performed to compare collected data through a thousand samples. The findings indicate that the three highest-scoring good-deed behaviours (3G) include returning recovered lost objects to their rightful owner, abiding by laws and traffic regulations, and making timely loan payments. Student status, age, and education level influence the four categories when segmenting individuals based on the Wisdom Tree concept and the priority assigned to 3G behaviours. If a community wants to build social activities based on good deeds, the study suggests that the most valuable behaviours within the society should be investigated to determine their suitability
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Zegras, Christopher, Jae Seung Lee, and Eran Ben-Joseph. "By Community or Design? Age-restricted Neighbourhoods, Physical Design and Baby Boomers’ Local Travel Behaviour in Suburban Boston, US." Urban Studies 49, no. 10 (January 5, 2012): 2169–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098011429485.
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This article analyses the travel behaviour, residential choices and related preferences of 55+ baby boomers in suburban Boston, USA, looking specifically at age-restricted neighbourhoods. For this highly auto-dependent group, do neighbourhood-related characteristics influence local-level recreational walk/bike and social activity trip-making? The analysis aims to discern community (for example, social network) versus physical (for example, street network) influences. Structural equation models, incorporating attitudes and residential choice, are used to control for self-selection and to account for direct and indirect effects among exogenous and endogenous variables. The analysis reveals modest neighbourhood effects. Living in age-restricted, as opposed to unrestricted, suburban neighbourhoods modestly increases the likelihood of residents being active (i.e. making at least one local recreational walk/bike trip) and the number of local social trips. Overall, the age-restricted community status has greater influence on recreational and social activity trip-making than the neighbourhood physical characteristics, although some community–neighbourhood interaction exists.
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Lindsay, Ana Cristina, Mary L. Greaney, Sherrie F. Wallington, and Julie A. Wright. "Easier said than done: a qualitative study conducted in the USA exploring Latino family child care home providers as role models for healthy eating and physical activity behaviours." BMJ Open 7, no. 11 (November 2017): e018219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018219.
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ObjectiveLatinos are the largest and most rapidly growing minority population group in the USA and are disproportionally affected by obesity and related chronic diseases. Child care providers likely influence the eating and physical activity behaviours of children in their care, and therefore are important targets for interventions designed to prevent childhood obesity. Nonetheless, there is a paucity of research examining the behaviours of family child care home (FCCH) providers and whether they model healthy eating and physical activity behaviours. Therefore, this study explored Latino FCCH providers’ beliefs and practices related to healthy eating, physical activity and sedentary behaviours, and how they view their ability to serve as role models for these behaviours for young children in their care.MethodsThis is a qualitative study consisting of six focus groups conducted in Spanish with a sample of 44 state-licensed Latino FCCH providers in the state of Massachusetts. Translated transcripts were analysed using thematic analyses to identify meaningful patterns.ResultsAnalyses revealed that Latino FCCH providers have positive beliefs and attitudes about the importance of healthy eating and physical activity for children in their care, but personally struggle with these same behaviours and with maintaining a healthy weight status. The ability of Latino FCCH providers to model healthy eating and physical activity may be limited by their low self-efficacy in their ability to be physically active, eat a healthy diet and maintain a healthy weight.ConclusionsInterventions designed to improve healthy eating and physical activity behaviours of children enrolled in FCCHs should address providers’ own health behaviours as well as their modelling of these health behaviours. Future research can build on the findings of this qualitative study by quantifying Latino FCCH providers’ eating and physical activity behaviours, and determining how these behaviours influence behaviours and health outcomes of children in their care.
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Kim, Jong-Hoon, Byoung-Jo Lee, Jae-Nam Bae, and Bong-Jin Hahm. "Relationship of oestrogen receptor status to depressive symptoms and quality of life in breast cancer patients." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 25, no. 5 (February 26, 2013): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/neu.2013.5.
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ObjectiveWe investigated the relationship of oestrogen receptor (ER) status to the severity of depressive symptoms and quality of life (QOL) impairment in breast cancer patients.MethodsSeventy-seven breast cancer patients with comorbid depression were evaluated with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), the Clinical Global Impression-Severity of Illness (CGI-S) for depression, and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B). ER status was determined using immunohistochemical analysis.ResultsThe ER-positive group (n = 31) showed significantly higher scores compared with the ER-negative group (n = 46) on HAMD total (p = 0.04) and somatic anxiety factor (p = 0.004) scores as well as CGI-S score (p = 0.03). As for QOL measured with the FACT-B, a significantly higher score was found on the Functional Well-Being (FWB) subscale in the ER-positive group (p = 0.001). The relationships were further analysed using generalised linear models (GLM), after controlling for the influence of the current anti-oestrogen treatment. The analysis revealed that ER status was still significantly related to the FWB subscale score of the FACT-B (p = 0.04). However, the HAMD and CGI-S scores were no longer significantly related to ER status after the influence of anti-oestrogen treatment was controlled for.ConclusionThese results suggest that ER status, which is a well-known biological prognostic factor in breast cancer, may be related to the severity of certain aspects of depressive symptoms or QOL impairment, implying a role of the ER in affective and behavioural regulation. However, anti-oestrogen treatments significantly influence these relationships.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Group influence; status-confirmation model; behavioural"
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Mohr, Philip Benjamin. "Reconciling the roles of status and behaviour in group influence: towards a status-confirmation model." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/80392.
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This thesis addresses the task of reconciling two discrete bodies of evidence relating to the emergence of influence hierarchies in small groups. Reviews are presented of research (1) documenting the phenomenon of status generalisation, and (2) identifying individual differences in nonverbal behavioural style as the basis of group differentiation. It is argued that previous attempts to integrate the two fields are flawed on two counts: the failure to differentiate empirically between the effects of nonverbal signals and those of differential task
performance, and the corresponding tendency to depict such behavioural signals as a sufficient determinant of group structure. Findings obtained with behaviour separated from performance support the view that effects previously attributed to behavioural stimuli derived, instead, from differential task performance. A status-confirmation model of the interactive effects of status and behaviour is proposed and evaluated. The primary assumption - that behavioural confidence and the initiation of activity represent claims to situational status - was endorsed by undergraduate subjects' accounts of the likely behaviour of a group member who seeks to attain group leadership. That established, the status-confirmation model proposes behavioural status-claims to be subject to confirmation or denial on the basis of the external status or competence of the claimant. Results of a field study, using extraversion as an index of a status claiming behavioural style, support this argument; extraversion differentiated observer-rated influence of group members ranked high on either diffuse or specific status, but not those ranked uniformly high or low on both. The latter case, in particular, is inconsistent with the view that behavioural confidence plays an independent causal role, comparable to that of external status, in hierarchy formation.
Evidence, also noted, of the ability of external status to influence the perception of behaviour, permits reconciliation of the status-confirmation model with the research base of status characteristics theory. Indications that the effects of behaviour on hierarchy formation are due to the pre-emption of leadership rather than the communication of confidence are considered, and the implications for the direction and methodology of future research discussed.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Department of Psychology, 1993