Journal articles on the topic 'Group identity – Switzerland – History'
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Poissant, Hèlène. "Bilingualism, Bilingual Education, and Sociocultural Identity: The Experience of Quebec." Journal of Cognitive Education and Psychology 4, no. 3 (January 2005): 316–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/194589505787382658.
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Questions regarding bilingual education are examined through the lens of Canada’s experience in the Province of Quebec, with particular emphasis on the social group (majority, minority) of the children and the schooling context. Several distinct approaches to bilingual education are identified and discussed, varying from an assimilation approach to a multicultural one. Early immersion in a second language is seen to have positive effects on school achievement as well as on mastery of the language. Canada’s experience may have important implications for other bilingual and multilingual-multicultural societies such as Belgium, Switzerland, Spain, and a number of African countries with a history of colonialism.
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FLÜTSCH, F., D. HEINZMANN, A. MATHIS, H. HERTZBERG, R. STEPHAN, and P. DEPLAZES. "Case-control study to identify risk factors for bovine cysticercosis on farms in Switzerland." Parasitology 135, no. 5 (March 27, 2008): 641–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182008004228.
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SUMMARYTaenia saginatacysticercosis causes financial losses to the beef industry and farmers, and represents a significant source for human infection in many countries. A case-control study was conducted to identify risk factors for bovine cysticercosis on farms in Switzerland. The case group (n=119) consisted of farms with infected cattle identified at slaughter in 2005 and 2006. Infections were confirmed by morphological or molecular diagnosis. The control group (n=66) comprised randomly selected farms with cattle slaughtered in the same period but with no evidence or history of infection. In personal structured interviews with the farmers, information regarding local surroundings and farm management was collected. Logistic regression revealed the following 5 factors as being positively associated with the occurrence of bovine cysticercosis: the presence of a railway line or a car park close to areas grazed by cattle, leisure activities around these areas, use of purchased roughage and organized public activities on farms attracting visitors. This information is considered useful for government authorities to direct control strategies as well as for farmers to take measures tailored to local situations.
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Kuzmichev, B. Yu, T. V. Prokofievа, O. S. Polunina, E. A. Polunina, K. Yu Kuzmichyov, and E. A. Lipnitskaya. "Clinical and functional correlations in patients with myocardial infarction on background of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with various phenotypes." Medical alphabet, no. 7 (June 16, 2020): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2020-7-11-14.
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Objective. To identify clinical and functional correlations in patients with myocardial infarction against the background of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with various phenotypes.Materials and methods. 188 patients were examined, from which the following groups were formed: control group – 50 patients, group 1–50 patients with myocardial infarction (MI), group 2–25 patients with MI against the background of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with emphysematous phenotype, group 3–20 patients with MI + COPD with chronic bronchitis phenotype, group 4–22 patients with MI + COPD with mixed phenotype and group 5–21 patients with MI + COPD with the phenotype with eosinophilia and bronchial asthma. Clinical examination of patients included assessment of complaints, medical history and history of life. Spirography on apparatus SP-100 Schiller (Switzerland) was used for the assessment of respiratory function. Echocardiography was performed on Acuson-Sequoia 512 echo scanner (Siemens). Statistical analyses were performed using Statistica 12.0 (Stat Soft).Results. The highest frequency of symptoms such as chest pain, nausea/vomiting, fatigue, tachycardia, cough with sputum was observed among patients with MI + COPD with chronic bronchitis phenotype. In this group of patients, the level of systolic blood pressure in the pulmonary artery and the left ventricular ejection fraction were the lowest.Conclusion. Chronic bronchitis phenotype of COPD in patients with MI is the most prognostically unfavorable. It is associated with the severity of clinical manifestations, with signs of pulmonary hypertension and dysfunction of the left heart, that makes necessary to take into account the phenotypes of COPD in the care of patients with MI against the background of COPD and the allocation of chronic bronchitis phenotype as a criterion for an unfavorable prognosis of MI.
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Koch, Marcus A., Johanna Möbus, Clara A. Klöcker, Stephanie Lippert, Laura Ruppert, and Christiane Kiefer. "The Quaternary evolutionary history of Bristol rock cress (Arabis scabra, Brassicaceae), a Mediterranean element with an outpost in the north-western Atlantic region." Annals of Botany 126, no. 1 (March 24, 2020): 103–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaa053.
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Abstract Background and Aims Bristol rock cress is among the few plant species in the British Isles considered to have a Mediterranean–montane element. Spatiotemporal patterns of colonization of the British Isles since the last interglacial and after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) from mainland Europe are underexplored and have not yet included such floristic elements. Here we shed light on the evolutionary history of a relic and outpost metapopulation of Bristol rock cress in the south-western UK. Methods Amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) were used to identify distinct gene pools. Plastome assembly and respective phylogenetic analysis revealed the temporal context. Herbarium material was largely used to exemplify the value of collections to obtain a representative sampling covering the entire distribution range. Key Results The AFLPs recognized two distinct gene pools, with the Iberian Peninsula as the primary centre of genetic diversity and the origin of lineages expanding before and after the LGM towards mountain areas in France and Switzerland. No present-day lineages are older than 51 ky, which is in sharp contrast to the species stem group age of nearly 2 My, indicating severe extinction and bottlenecks throughout the Pleistocene. The British Isles were colonized after the LGM and feature high genetic diversity. Conclusions The short-lived perennial herb Arabis scabra, which is restricted to limestone, has expanded its distribution range after the LGM, following corridors within an open landscape, and may have reached the British Isles via the desiccated Celtic Sea at about 16 kya. This study may shed light on the origin of other rare and peculiar species co-occurring in limestone regions in the south-western British Isles.
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Head, Randolph C. "A Contested Nation: History, Memory and Nationalism in Switzerland, 1761-1891." Central European History 39, no. 1 (March 2006): 131–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938906210069.
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Studies of national identity and nationalism have experienced a high conjuncture during the last decade, and recently Switzerland (after a typical delay) is taking its place among them. In this rich but somewhat sprawling study, Oliver Zimmer traces the shifting contours of national sentiment in Switzerland—a project that always gave historical arguments a central place in the origins of Swissness—and seeks to show how a national identity could be constrained by embedded traditions and take shape out of the very debates over meaning of “the nation.”
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Wowra, Berndt, Alexander Muacevic, Jörg-Christian Tonn, Stefan O. Schoenberg, Maximilian Reiser, and Karin A. Herrmann. "OBLITERATION DYNAMICS IN CEREBRAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS AFTER CYBERKNIFE RADIOSURGERY." Neurosurgery 64, suppl_2 (February 1, 2009): A102—A109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000339201.31176.c9.
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Abstract OBJECTIVE To investigate the time-dependent obliteration of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (cAVM) after CyberKnife radiosurgery (CKRS) (Accuray, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA) by means of sequential 3-T, 3-dimensional (3D), time-of-flight (TOF) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), and volumetry of the arteriovenous malformation (AVM) nidus. METHODS In this prospective study, 3D TOF MRA was performed on 20 patients with cAVMs treated by single-fraction CKRS. Three-dimensional TOF MRA was performed on a 3-T, 32-channel magnetic resonance scanner (Magnetom TIM Trio; Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany) with isotropic voxel size at a spatial resolution of 0.6 × 0.6 × 0.6 mm3. The time-dependent relative decay of the transnidal blood flow evidenced by 3D TOF MRA was referred to as “obliteration dynamics.” Volumetry of the nidus size was performed with OsiriX imaging software (OsiriX Foundation, Geneva, Switzerland). All patients had 3 to 4 follow-up examinations at 3- to 6-month intervals over a minimum follow-up period of 9 months. Subtotal obliteration was determined if the residual nidus volume was 5% or less of the initial nidus volume. Stata/IC software (Version 10.0; Stata Corp., College Station, TX) was used for statistical analysis and to identify potential factors of AVM obliteration. RESULTS Regarding their clinical status, case history, and pretreatments, the participants of this study represent difficult-to-treat cAVM patients. The median nidus volume was 1.8 mL (range, 0.4–12.5 mL); the median minimum dose prescribed to the nidus was 22 Gy (range, 16–24 Gy) delivered to the 67% isodose line (range, 55–80%). CKRS was well tolerated, with complications in 2 patients. No further hemorrhages occurred after RS, except 1 small and clinically inapparent incident. The median follow-up period after RS was 25.0 months (range, 11.7–36.8 months). After RS, a statistically significant obliteration was observed in all patients. However, the obliteration dynamics of the cAVMs showed a pronounced variability, with 2 types of post-therapeutic behavior identified. cAVMs of Group A showed a faster reduction of transnidal blood flow than cAVMs in Group B. The median time to subtotal obliteration was 23.8 months for all patients, 11.6 months for patients in Group A, and 27.8 months for patients in Group B (P = 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed dose homogeneity and the circumscribed isodose to be the only variables (P < 0.01) associated with the obliteration dynamics in this study. The cumulative complete angiographic obliteration rate was 67% (95% confidence interval, 32–95%) 2 years after RS. CONCLUSION The use of sequential 3D TOF MRA at 3 T and nidus volumetry enables a noninvasive quantitative assessment of the dynamic obliteration process induced by CKRS in cAVMs. This method may be helpful to identify factors related to AVM obliteration after RS when larger patient cohorts become available.
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Richard, Carmen. "Für eine neue Ideologiegeschichte? Ein Beitrag zur Erforschung der Schweizer Geschichtskultur." Didactica Historica 2, no. 1 (2016): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.33055/didacticahistorica.2016.002.01.101.
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In 1991, Switzerland encountered a lively debate on its identity as a nation, which should also have led to a redefining of its history. This article outlines the point of view of some Swiss historians who argued against a political instrumentalisation. Further, the article illustrates their counterproposals for a ‘new’ history of Switzerland from an explicit leftist perspective. It demonstrates how -blurred the border between strictly scientific objectivity on the one side, and political interests on the other side is, especially in the light of national history.
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Pešta, Mikuláš. "Sanctuary, Armory, and Prison: Switzerland and the Role of Swiss Anarchists as Intermediaries in the European Terrorist Network in the 1970s." Central European History 52, no. 4 (December 2019): 672–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938919000864.
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AbstractThis article focuses on how Switzerland played a dual role in providing a sanctuary for retired left-wing radicals while serving as an armament source for the distribution of weapons and explosives throughout Europe in the 1970s. A significant part of the article delves into the case of the AKO (Anarchistische Kampforganisation), a Swiss anarchist group that supplied several European terrorist groups with weapons. The position of this group will be analyzed in the context of the transnational terrorist network as a way of assessing to what extent their cooperation with other groups was rooted in mutual ideological affiliations, and how closely the anarchist tradition, of which they were a part, related to the European framework of the New Left. The case of Petra Krause, one of the group's key figures, is latterly discussed, particularly her imprisonment in Switzerland and the campaign for her release, which mobilized a large number of supporters across Europe and contributed to the portrayal of Switzerland as a prison.
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Stroude, Aurianne, Tanja Bellier-Teichmann, Odile Cantero, Nora Dasoki, Laure Kaeser, Miriam Ronca, and Diane Morin. "Mentoring for women starting a PhD: a “free zone” into academic identity." International Journal of Mentoring and Coaching in Education 4, no. 1 (March 2, 2015): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmce-06-2014-0019.
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Purpose – Despite increasing numbers of women attaining higher levels in academic degrees, gender disparities remain in higher education and among university faculty. Authors have posited that this may stem from inadequate academic identity development of women at the doctoral level. While gender differences may be explained by multiple and variable factors, mentoring has been proposed as a viable means to promote academic identity development and address these gender gaps. A “StartingDoc program” was launched and supported by four universities in French-speaking Switzerland. The purpose of this paper is to report the experience of one of the six “many-to-one” mentoring groups involved in the StartingDoc program in 2012-2013. Design/methodology/approach – This study is based on the description of a group experience within a university-based mentoring scheme offered to women entering in their PhD program in French-speaking Switzerland. It is examined using a qualitative, narrative case study design. Findings – Themes from the narrative analysis included the four dimensions of the Clutterbuck model of mentoring (guiding, coaching, counselling, networking), as well as an additional five emerging themes: first expectations, process, sharing, building identity, and unmet expectations. The qualitative analyses suggest that mentoring can be an effective tool in supporting professional identity development among female doctoral students. However, further work is needed to elucidate the most effective strategies for developing and retaining women in academia. Originality/value – While a many-to-one mentoring group has been theorized and is recognized as an effective means of supporting doctoral experience, its implementation in French-speaking Switzerland is in its infancy. This study provides insights into the value of such a mentoring scheme dedicated to women at the very beginning of their doctoral studies. Most notably it created opportunities for mentees to: discover aspects of academic life; break isolation; and develop some of the soft skills required to facilitate their doctoral journey.
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Neto, FéLix, and José Barros. "PREDICTORS OF LONELINESS AMONG ADOLESCENTS FROM PORTUGUESE IMMIGRANT FAMILIES IN SWITZERLAND." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 28, no. 2 (January 1, 2000): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2000.28.2.193.
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The aims of this study were to find out the degree of loneliness among Portuguese adolescents from immigrant backgrounds in Switzerland, and the factors that may predict the level of loneliness among them. Portuguese immigration to Switzerland is a recent phenomenon with relatively high rates of immigrants. Three hypotheses were tested: loneliness scores of Portuguese adolescents living in Switzerland are not different from those of Portuguese adolescents living in Portugal; variables within each one of the three sets taken into account – socio-demographic, intercultural contact and psychosocial adjustment – will be predictors of loneliness; and the variables of intercultural contact and psychosocial adjustment will be more predictive of loneliness than socio-demographic variables will be. The study sample consisted of 95 subjects (mean age = 16.1 years; SD = 1.84). The mean duration of sojourn in Switzerland for the sample was 7.2 years ( SD = 4.1). They were asked to fill in a questionnaire with several measures, including socio-demographic information, ethnic language proficiency, majority language proficiency, ethnic identity, majority identity, perceived discrimination, stressful experience, adaptation, mastery, self-esteem, symptoms outcome and loneliness. A control group involving 363 Portuguese youth was included in the study. The hypotheses were supported. There were no significant differences between Portuguese adolescents living in Portugal and in Switzerland in terms of level of loneliness. Socio-demographic, intercultural contact and psychosocial adjustment variables accounted for 35% of the variance explained. Majority language proficiency was the most important predictor of loneliness. Implications of the study for counsellors are suggested.
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Martens, Silvia. "Muslim Charity in a Non-Muslim Society—the Case of Switzerland." Journal of Muslims in Europe 3, no. 1 (April 16, 2014): 94–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22117954-12341278.
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Abstract This article presents empirical data on trends in charitable giving among Muslims in Switzerland. It provides insight into mechanisms of mutual aid within a relatively young migrant community, looks at how Islamic charity is practiced in a non-Muslim society, and clarifies the importance of Islamic aid agencies. I argue that the charitable behaviour of Muslims in Switzerland is characterized by their migration situation, and by giving preferences and habits of the home country. Traditional Islamic charity, though subject to changes, is widely practiced and actively promoted by Islamic charities and local Muslim associations. It enforces the sense of religious belonging and group identity.
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Moran, Marie. "Identity and Identity Politics: A Cultural-Materialist History." Historical Materialism 26, no. 2 (July 30, 2018): 21–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1569206x-00001630.
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Abstract This paper draws on the cultural-materialist paradigm articulated by Raymond Williams to offer a radical historicisation of identity and identity-politics in capitalist societies. A keywords analysis reveals surprisingly that identity, as it is elaborated in the familiar categories of personal and social identity, is a relatively novel concept in Western thought, politics and culture. The claim is not the standard one that people’s ‘identities’ became more important and apparent in advanced capitalist societies, but that identity itself came to operate as a new and key mechanism for construing, shaping and narrating experiences of selfhood and grouphood in this period. From a cultural-materialist perspective, the emergence and evolution of this idea of identity can only be properly understood in relation to the social contexts of its use, namely, the new contexts of consumption of capitalist societies, and the development of new forms of group-based struggle from the 1960s. What the analysis shows is that it was the commercialisation and politicisation of older essentialist understandings of selfhood and grouphood in these contexts that has given rise to the concepts of personal and social identity as we know them today. By exploring the material conditions that have given rise to the contemporary powerful attachment to ‘identity’, this paper offers a new point of departure from which to pursue many issues of concern to critical theorists and radical activists today, including the conflict over identity politics in radical circles, the historical and social processes behind their development and at least partial co-option, and their relation to neoliberal political-economic formations today.
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Gerber, D. "Creating Group Identity: Disabled Veterans and American Government." OAH Magazine of History 23, no. 3 (July 1, 2009): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/maghis/23.3.23.
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Wojciehowski (book author), Hannah Chapelle, and Sean Lawrence (review author). "Group Identity in the Renaissance World." Renaissance and Reformation 34, no. 4 (September 20, 2012): 184–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/rr.v34i4.18678.
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Levy, Sara A. "Heritage, History, and Identity." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 116, no. 6 (June 2014): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146811411600605.
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Background/Context Prior research indicates that students’ ethnic, religious, national, and racial identities often impact their interest in, emotional connection to, and knowledge about histories specific to those groups with which they identify. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study (a) What meaning do students attach to events with which they have a heritage connection? (b) How do students’ identities impact their connection to, interest in, and understanding of events with which they have a heritage connection? Population/Participants/Subjects This study focuses on three groups of secondary students (Hmong, Chinese, and Jewish) that studied a seminal event (respectively, the Vietnam War, the Cultural Revolution, and the Holocaust) with which they may be considered to have a heritage connection. Therefore, the students could not have been involved in the event itself, but their parents, grandparents, other family members, or other members of an affinity group (racial, ethnic, national, or religious) to which they belong were involved. Research Design This qualitative study uses a multiple-case study design to interrogate the ways in which students (n=17) identify with heritage histories. Findings/Results Findings reveal that students who have heard about family members’ experiences during these events identify strongly with the events prior to learning about them in school. However, school knowledge was a powerful tool that enabled the students to create more lasting connections to the past. Conclusions/Recommendations This study revealed that students connect with and understand heritage histories in multiple ways. Students whose families share personal stories about their own experiences during a specific time seem to have strong connections to heritage histories. However, some of their peers may have a strong connection to their heritage without access to the narratives associated with that heritage, leading to feelings of embarrassment or confusion. Other students’ connections to heritage histories may be enhanced by the inclusion of the heritage history in the official knowledge of the classroom, which may also lead them to develop a stronger sense of identification with more multidimensional historical actors.
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Fischer, Thomas, and Daniel Möckli. "The Limits of Compensation: Swiss Neutrality Policy in the Cold War." Journal of Cold War Studies 18, no. 4 (October 2016): 12–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00678.
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Switzerland was in a unique place among European countries after World War II. Although situated in the center of Europe, it had not been attacked by Nazi Germany and therefore emerged from the war with a strong economy, stable political institutions, and social cohesion. The experience of World War II forged a collective identity different from that in other continental states. The Swiss had a deep emotional commitment to neutrality and a conviction that autonomous defense would continue to be an effective security strategy after 1945. The Swiss government acknowledged the need for, and indeed was supportive of, the new United Nations collective security system. The Swiss were well aware of the benefits of Western collective defense and European integration as the Cold War divide came about. But Switzerland was willing to associate with these new multilateral governance structures only to the extent that they did not negatively affect neutrality or, in the case of European integration, Swiss economic interests.
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Biehl, Verena, Frank Wieber, Denise Abegglen, and Andrea Glässel. "Professional Identity Formation in Health Promotion Practitioners: Students’ Perspectives during an Undergraduate Program in Switzerland." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 20 (October 13, 2021): 10754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010754.
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The health promotion (HP) community advocates for capacity building, quality assurance and political awareness of HP. Professional identity (PI) is of great relevance to these goals as persons who strongly identify with their profession better adopt their professional role, raising the quality, competence and common values within a professional group. However, investigations on the HP workforce are missing. In order to investigate PI formation in HP professionals, a longitudinal study was conducted with two student cohorts of a Swiss HP and prevention undergraduate program. Using a qualitative approach, focus groups were conducted at the beginning and end of the undergraduate program. Data were transcribed verbatim and condensed using thematic analysis. The results highlight the complexity of the HP’s professional profile. While students experienced difficulties to capture the profile at the beginning of the program, at the end they developed an understanding of it. The practical experience within work placements helped students to grasp the profile and specify their future professional role. Several behavioral, cognitive and motivational aspects were identified that influence HP students’ PI formation and can be fostered. For instance, universities can commit to public relations for HP practitioners and support the PI formation throughout the study program.
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Biehl, Verena, Frank Wieber, Denise Abegglen, and Andrea Glässel. "Professional Identity Formation in Health Promotion Practitioners: Students’ Perspectives during an Undergraduate Program in Switzerland." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 20 (October 13, 2021): 10754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010754.
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The health promotion (HP) community advocates for capacity building, quality assurance and political awareness of HP. Professional identity (PI) is of great relevance to these goals as persons who strongly identify with their profession better adopt their professional role, raising the quality, competence and common values within a professional group. However, investigations on the HP workforce are missing. In order to investigate PI formation in HP professionals, a longitudinal study was conducted with two student cohorts of a Swiss HP and prevention undergraduate program. Using a qualitative approach, focus groups were conducted at the beginning and end of the undergraduate program. Data were transcribed verbatim and condensed using thematic analysis. The results highlight the complexity of the HP’s professional profile. While students experienced difficulties to capture the profile at the beginning of the program, at the end they developed an understanding of it. The practical experience within work placements helped students to grasp the profile and specify their future professional role. Several behavioral, cognitive and motivational aspects were identified that influence HP students’ PI formation and can be fostered. For instance, universities can commit to public relations for HP practitioners and support the PI formation throughout the study program.
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Boser, Lukas, and Ingrid Brühwiler. "Languages, script and national identity: struggles over linguistic heterogeneity in Switzerland in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries." History of Education 46, no. 3 (February 23, 2017): 306–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0046760x.2016.1267267.
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Albert, Craig Douglas. "A History of Violence: Ethnic Group Identity and the Iraqi Kurds." IRAN and the CAUCASUS 17, no. 2 (2013): 215–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573384x-20130206.
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One of the more interesting aspects of world concern during “Operation Iraqi Freedom” was how to incorporate Iraq’s Kurdish population into an American military strategy. Furthermore, as the war was winding down, and the United States and Iraq began to construct a new Iraqi state, government, and Constitutional regime, the focus shifted on what role would the Kurds play in the new government, or even if they should be included in a government. But for most policy-makers, it was unclear who were the Kurds. How were they different than the other ethnic and religious populations of Iraq and the region generally? What was their history with the Iraqi regime under Saddam Hussein? The purpose of this paper is to provide answers to these most important questions through the lens of Political Science. As Iraq continues to form its new identity, it is important to understand what constitutes the identity of one of its most prominent ethnic groups, the Kurds. In tracing and describing Kurdish ethnic attributes, it is also important to delineate the history between the Iraqi government under Saddam Hussein, how Iraqi identity was constructed in opposition to Kurdish identity (often oppressing it), and to understand the tense relationship between the two, a relationship that is most aptly described as having a history of violence.
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FRASER‐BURGESS, SHERON. "Group Identity, Deliberative Democracy and Diversity in Education." Educational Philosophy and Theory 44, no. 5 (January 2012): 480–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-5812.2010.00717.x.
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Neuenschwander, Erwin. "Establishing the 'Historical Dictionary of Switzerland': an authoritative new source for the historiography of science in Switzerland." Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science 21 (June 1, 2018): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/1980-7651.2018v21;p96-117.
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The Historical Dictionary of Switzerland (HDS) covers the history of humankind in the geographical area of today's Switzerland from the very beginning in Paleolithic times up to the twenty-first century. The HDS comprises articles in four broad categories: biographies (35%), articles on families and genealogy (10%), geographical entries (30%) and articles on thematic contributions (25%). The HDS was published in parallel in each of the three major Swiss national languages German, French, and Italian from 2002 to 2014. Each edition comprises 13 volumes of about 10,000 pages. In 1997, the HDS Board of Trustees decided to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the founding of the Swiss Confederation in 1848 with an internet publication of the HDS, which was simultaneously being published and which will now be augmented by multimedia and linked data (cf. www.hls-dhs-dss.ch). Our contribution describes the complex editorial processes of the whole subject area of mathematics and natural sciences in the HDS—covering about 1,200 biographies and approximately 40 thematic articles—supervised by the author and his working group in the years 1994−2014. As a trained mathematician and historian of science, and as scientific advisor for the HDS’s entire subject area of mathematics and the natural sciences, I wrote this article with the aim of sharing my experiences in representing the history of science in a general historical encyclopedia. The processes described below may perhaps be useful to other natural scientists or proper historians who intend to undertake similar projects.
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Gharli, Imad. "History and Identity in Human Sciences." Journal of Humanities,Music and Dance, no. 21 (November 20, 2021): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jhmd.21.1.25.
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The human sciences are defined as a group of cognitive activities related to the study of the human self through the language, the history, the social, political, cultural and economic interests. The humanities have never ceased to study experiences and activities related to human beings, who try to deepen human knowledge and develop human resources. This knowledge is closely related to human truth as a phenomenon capable of objective scientific study and the ability of these sciences to understand and explain the various human phenomena using multiple systems of research and experimental, psychological and philosophical methods ... and it is also among the research methodologies related to these sciences. The study of history is not an end in itself, but rather a means to deepen awareness and provide it with historical experiences that help it to see the present and its historical components, and to look at history and its readability as a sustainable state of development. All this made the study of history today a complex, multi-faceted study, where the profound transformations brought about by the information and communication revolutions and globalization caused the restructuring of various aspects of economic, political, civilizational, social and cultural life and the crystallization of the human identity ... That is why many believed that history holds the keys to understand the process of societal, cultural and ideological development and thus the most important forces that control the creation of the future, but today's reality requires intense awareness to prevent the disruption of human values, constants and inherited ties in a time of fear for the homeland, nation and identity.
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A. B., Shamsul. "A History of an Identity, an Identity of a History: The Idea and Practice of ‘Malayness’ in Malaysia Reconsidered." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 32, no. 3 (October 2001): 355–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463401000194.
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This article is a critique of ethnicity theories based on essentialism – the idea that ethnic traits are innate (essences) both in the individual and the ‘ethnie’ as a social group – which have been adopted, wittingly or unwittingly, by historians in mainstream Malaysian historiography in their effort to explain the formation of ‘Malay-Malayness’ as a social identity. It proposes instead that Malay ethnicity is not innate but rather learned or constructed, and Malay-Malayness has been created as a result of intersecting historical, cultural and social factors at a particular moment in a culture's life and history. Indeed, Malay-Malayness has been constructed by a colonial historiography and subsequently adopted uncritically by most historians in postcolonial Malaysia, both Malays and non-Malays.
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GERMANN, CHRISTOPH. "Otiorhynchus (Nihus) grischunensis sp. n.—a new species of the O. rhilensis species group from the Swiss Alps (Curculionidae, Entiminae)." Zootaxa 2368, no. 1 (February 24, 2010): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2368.1.4.
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Otiorhynchus (Nihus) grischunensis sp. n. is described from Grisons, Switzerland. The new species was exclusively found in the alpine area and is thought to be endemic. Otiorhynchus grischunensis belongs to the O. rhilensis species group and is compared with its presumably closest relative, O. rhilensis. The new species fills a gap in the northwesternmost distribution of the O. rhilensis group and hence allows new insights into the biogeographical history of the group.
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Thum, Rian. "Modular History: Identity Maintenance before Uyghur Nationalism." Journal of Asian Studies 71, no. 3 (August 2012): 627–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911812000629.
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This paper investigates how a regional identity can be maintained in a nonmodern context, focusing on the case of southern Xinjiang in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The argument focuses on one aspect of this identity system, the popular historical tradition, arguing that its deployment through both manuscript technology and regional shrine pilgrimage contributed to the maintenance of Xinjiang's settled Turki identity group before the construction of the “Uyghur” identity. In the absence of a national history, separate histories of local heroes were linked together through custom anthology production and networked travel to shrines, yielding a modular historical tradition that accommodated local interests in regional narratives. Central to the operation of this system were community authorship in the manuscript tradition, the creation of a new genre for local history, and the publicly recorded circulation of pilgrims who heard performances of historical texts. This constellation of phenomena underpinned an alternative type of imagined community: a reasonably homogeneous, regional, writing-facilitated identity system flourishing in a nonmodern context.
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Karsanova, E. S., and O. S. Volgin. "Attitide to the European Union: the risk of disrupting the Swiss society." Journal of Law and Administration, no. 2 (October 26, 2018): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2073-8420-2018-2-47-70-78.
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Introduction.The processes that are going on now in Europe make a research of the social, cultural and political peculiarities of the Swiss electorate a timely issue due to their ambiguous attitude to the perspective of Switzerland joining the European Union. Materials and methods.The research is based on the theoretical and empirical analysis of Swiss appropriate sources and literature by using the methods of historical, system and behavioral approach, that allowed us to define a causal relationship and differential signs of German-speaking Swiss community as a particular ethnic group, to display most important factors that make the greatest influence on this group in terms of their attitude to EU. The results of the research.The Swiss electorate is deeply committed to the Swiss political institutions. The principles of neutrality, federalism and direct democracy are supported by all population of Switzerland irrelatively of their ethno-linguistic diversity. That is why many Swiss Eurosceptic argue that the membership in the EU is incompatible with political traditions of the Swiss Confederation. The repudiation of the EU membership is mostly peculiar to a great number of the German-speaking Swiss due to their political and cultural habits. On the contrary French-speaking Swiss mostly stay for joining the EU. We presuppose that a sufficiently high level of repudiation of the EU membership by the German-speaking Swiss can be explained by two main reasons: on the one hand, all Swiss belong to the state that has no general cultural (ethnical) attributes that make them more vulnerable to the institutional ambitions of the EU, on the other hand, being German-speaking Swiss they belong to the ethno-linguistic and territorial unit which has no institutional support and vivid cultural articulation. Being squeezed from both sides by the political and linguistic factors the German-speaking Swiss electorate possess a latent feeling of vulnerability and a nation-exclusive type of identity, which is the reason of their Euroscepticism. Discussions and conclusion:the European Union wants to clarify the outlines of its relations with Switzerland. But the more resolute its political line becomes in this respect the more definitely the German-speaking Swiss electorate will perceive that this policy is a danger to their identity and the stronger their willingness to stay outside the EU will become. If we take into account that the German-speaking Swiss population is three times as big as the francophone Swiss population, Switzerland will apparently remain outside the EU in the foreseeable future.
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Jordan, Grant. "The relevance of Bentley for group theory: founding father or mistaken identity?" History of the Human Sciences 12, no. 1 (February 1999): 27–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09526959922120144.
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Craven, Louise. "EPIC, GROUP IDENTITY AND THE ARCHIVE IN THE MODERN WORLD." Archives: The Journal of the British Records Association 32, no. 117 (December 2007): 144–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/archives.2007.11.
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HAMEL, CHOUKI EL. "CONSTRUCTING A DIASPORIC IDENTITY: TRACING THE ORIGINS OF THE GNAWA SPIRITUAL GROUP IN MOROCCO." Journal of African History 49, no. 2 (July 2008): 241–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185370800368x.
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ABSTRACTThis article reconstructs the forgotten past of the Gnawa who, over many generations, productively negotiated their forced presence in Morocco to create acceptance and group solidarity. The diaspora of black West Africans in Morocco, the majority of whom were forcefully transported across the Sahara and sold in different parts of Morocco, shares some important traits with the African trans-Atlantic diaspora, but differs at the same time. There are two crucial differences: the internal African diaspora in Morocco has primarily a musical significance and it lacks the desire to return to the original homeland. This diaspora is constructed positively around the right to belong to the culture of Islam, unlike the construction of the African American diasporic double consciousness. Black consciousness in Morocco exists in analogy to the Berber consciousness or the Arab notion of collective identity; it does not constitute a contradiction with itself. Black Moroccans perceive themselves first and foremost to be Muslim Moroccans and only perceive themselves secondarily as participants in a different tradition.
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Sheikhzadegan, Amir. "From Rigid to Moderate Salafism." Journal of Muslims in Europe 9, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 196–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22117954-bja10003.
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Abstract Defining re-conversion as the re-embracement of one’s (neglected) faith, this article deals with the question of what relations can be identified between conversion/re-conversion to a Salafist reading of Islam, on the one hand, and life course circumstances, identity transformation, and social network features of the individuals concerned, on the other. Combining narrative, autobiographical interviews with qualitative social network analysis, four activists of a Muslim organisation in Switzerland known for its Salafist orientation are portrayed. The comparative analysis shows that, despite sharing the same approach to Islam, the four cases exhibit different modes of the impact of life course and social network on spiritual transformation and vice versa. The paper also discusses the term Salafism and its applicability to the interviewees.
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Davis, James, Mark Jackson, and Richard Jackson. "Heritage tourism and group identity: Polynesians in the American West." Journal of Heritage Tourism 4, no. 1 (February 2009): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17438730802139228.
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Smyth, Jessica. "The house and group identity in the Irish Neolithic." Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy: Archaeology, Culture, History, Literature 111C, no. 1 (2011): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ria.2011.0002.
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Smyth, Jessica. "The house and group identity in the Irish Neolithic." Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, Section C 111, no. -1 (November 15, 2010): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3318/priac.2010.111.1.
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Zadora, Anna. "Daily identity practices: Belarus and potato eaters." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 52, no. 2 (May 23, 2019): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2019.05.001.
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Food cultivation, preparation and consumption are important references for shaping national identity. Food is a crystallization of the history of a national or ethnic group, of its traditions, mentality, and religious adherence and of very pragmatic material elements reflecting the way of life of the group, for instance, climatic conditions and socio-economic levels. All elements of the history of a group are transmitted and experienced in daily rituals relating to food. Food has strong symbolic, quasi-sacred associations in many cultures: for Slavic peoples bread is a very important symbol, and in Belarus potatoes are known as “the second bread”. The role played by banal everyday identity rituals is very important in complex political contexts, where identity building processes aimed at the transformation of a community into a nation-state with common identification denominators are not endorsed by political elite. Belarus is an extremely difficult case from the point of view of identity building: a country without a history (Zaprudnik, 1993), without a nation (Marples, 1999), without an identity (Bekus, 2010). In the Belarusian context, food - especially food which is cheap, rustic and simple to cultivate, such as potatoes - is an important identity marker.
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Haslam, S. Alexander, and Stephen D. Reicher. "Rethinking the Psychology of Leadership: From Personal Identity to Social Identity." Daedalus 145, no. 3 (July 2016): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00394.
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Leadership is an influence process that centers on group members being motivated to reach collective goals. As such, it is ultimately proven by followership. Yet this is something that classical and contemporary approaches struggle to explain as a result of their focus on the qualities and characteristics of leaders as individuals in the abstract. To address this problem, we outline a social identity approach that explains leadership as a process grounded in an internalized sense of shared group membership that leaders create, represent, advance, and embed. This binds leaders and followers to each other and is a basis for mutual influence and focused effort. By producing qualitative transformation in the psychology of leaders and followers it also produces collective power that allows them to coproduce transformation in the world. The form that this takes then depends on the model and content of the identity around which the group is united.
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Weltecke, Dorothea. "Michael the Syrian and Syriac Orthodox Identity." Church History and Religious Culture 89, no. 1 (2009): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187124109x408023.
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AbstractThis paper discusses the concept of Syriac Orthodox identity in the chronicle by Michael the Great as it is expressed in terms for the self-designation (like mhaymnē, Suryōyē) and in the structure of the narrative. The heritage of the ancient Near East, based on the ethnical and historical conception of the Arameans (including the Chaldeans and the Ōturōyē as well as the Ōrōmōyē) since the times of the ancient empires was a very important element of the identity. Just as important to him was the historical legitimacy of the Orthodox Church as a group excluding other Aramaic-speaking Christians. This conception of identity was complex, dialectic, and multi-layered, comprising ethnic, historic, cultural, and religious elements. Not unlike modern people, he and the members of the Syriac Orthodox communities participated in different and overlapping cultures and identities throughout the Syriac Orthodox world. The Syriac Orthodox identity had been under polemical attack for a long time, against which both historical and theological answers were formulated over the centuries. At the same time, Michael can be a witness only for a certain group and a certain region. He speaks mainly for the Syriac-speaking regions of the Syriac Orthodox world and the clergy. Neither the Syriac Orthodox identity of Arabic speaking Syriac Orthodox Christians, for example in Takrit, nor the identities of laymen are of his concern.
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Schmidl, Erwin A. "Lukewarm Neutrality in a Cold War? The Case of Austria." Journal of Cold War Studies 18, no. 4 (October 2016): 36–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00679.
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Geographically, Austria's position during the Cold War differed significantly from that of Switzerland or Sweden, let alone Ireland. Austria, like Finland, was situated along the Iron Curtain. In 1945, Austria was divided between East and West, and the Soviet Union hoped that the Austrian Communists could quickly gain power by largely democratic means. This effort failed, however, when the Communists lost decisively in the November 1945 elections. Over the next decade, Austria remained under Soviet and Western military occupation. The formal adoption of a neutral status for Austria in May 1955, when the Austrian State Treaty was signed, was a compromise needed to ensure the departure of Soviet forces from Austria. Although some other orientation might have been preferred, neutrality over time became firmly engrained in Austria's collective identity.
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JOHNES, MARTIN, and MATTHEW TAYLOR. "BOXING, RACE, AND BRITISH IDENTITY, 1945–1962." Historical Journal 63, no. 5 (February 14, 2020): 1349–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x19000724.
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AbstractWith a formal colour bar on British championships operating until 1948, boxing had long been a site of racial discrimination. The abolition of the sport's colour bar was recognition of the wrongness of racial exclusion and it was followed by a celebration of black fighters as local and national heroes. The sport became a rare space where black men could be spoken about, discussed, and celebrated without primary reference to their colour. However, race was never irrelevant, especially as the number of black boxers rose with wider patterns of migration. Race was thus widely discussed in boxing, although there was rarely open discussion of racism. This absence, along with black successes in the ring, masked deep levels of both structural and interpersonal prejudice. Racial differences remained accepted as common sense by white Britons. Indeed, immigration intensified racism in Britain, changing the perceived position of people of colour from exotic novelties to threats to society. Boxing is thus a reminder of the contradictory dynamics of race. Formal mechanisms of exclusion could be removed, while informal mechanisms intensified. Individuals could be celebrated, while people of colour as a group were looked down upon. Black achievements could simultaneously reinforce ideas of black inferiority.
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Roback, Jennifer. "Plural but Equal: Group Identity and Voluntary Integration." Social Philosophy and Policy 8, no. 2 (1991): 60–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052500001138.
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During this period, when disciples were growing in number, a grievance arose on the part of those who spoke Greek, against those who spoke the language of the Jews; they complained that their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution.When Americans think of ethnic conflict, conflict between blacks and whites comes to mind most immediately. Yet ethnic conflict is pervasive around the world. Azerbijanis and Turks in the Soviet Union; Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland; Arabs and Jews in the Middle East; Maoris and English settlers in New Zealand; Muslims and Hindus in India and Pakistan; French and English speakers in Quebec; Africans, Afrikaaners, and mixed-race people in South Africa, in addition to the tribal warfare among the Africans themselves: these are just a few of the more obvious conflicts currently in the news. We observe an even more dizzying array of ethnic conflicts if we look back just a few years. Japanese and Koreans; Mongols and Chinese; Serbs and Croats; Christians and Buddhists in Viet Nam: these ancient antagonisms are not immediately in the news, but they could erupt at any time. And the history of the early Christian Church recounted in the Acts of the Apostles reminds us that suspicion among ethnic groups is not a modern phenomenon; rather, it is ancient.The present paper seeks to address the problem of ethnic conflict in modern western democracies. How can our tools and traditions of participatory governments, relatively free markets, and the common law contribute to some resolution of the ancient problems that we find within our midst? In particular, I want to focus here on the question of ethnic integration.
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Ryan, Mary P., Anne Norton, and George M. Shulman. "Conference Panel: On Political Identity." Studies in American Political Development 6, no. 1 (1992): 140–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x00000766.
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In May, 1990, a conference was held at UCLA on the theme of “American Politics in Historical Perspective.” Panels were organized on political institutions and social history, on periodization, and on political identity. The panel presentations on political identity are printed below, along with some of the exchanges among the conference group. Slightly edited for clarity, they are offered to readers in the interest of conveying some of the intellectual ferment currently surrounding the focus on political identity and its use as an approach in historical study. The editors of Studies in American Political Development do not endorse any of the views or interpretations expressed.
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Surís, Joan-Carles, Sophie Stadelmann, Diane Auderset, and Yara Barrense-Dias. "Transactional sex among young people in Switzerland: a cross-sectional study." Sexual Health 18, no. 6 (November 26, 2021): 445–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh21104.
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Background The aim of this research was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of youths having ever exchanged sex and to assess if there were differences depending on whether they had done it once or several times. We also investigated what they exchanged sex for and their relationship with the last person they did it with. Methods A cross-sectional national survey was carried out in Switzerland in 2017 among young adults. The 5175 participants (51% males, mean age 26.3 years) who answered the question ‘Have you ever received something or obtained an advantage in exchange for a sexual act?’ were divided into three groups: Never (96.8%), Once (1.5%) and Several (1.7%). Results In the multivariate analysis, compared to the Never group, those in the Once group were significantly more likely to be males, to have a poor mental health, to be non-exclusively heterosexual and to have had 10+ lifetime sexual partners. Those in the Several group reported the same characteristics, but were also more likely to be younger at first sexual contact, to have their parents not living together, to report a lower socioeconomic status and a history of sexual abuse, and to have ever sent sexual images/videos of themselves. They were also less satisfied with their financial situation. Conclusions Results indicate that transactional sex is a reality for some youths in Switzerland, and health professionals dealing with them should include this question in their sexual anamnesis. From a public health perspective, sexual education and prevention campaigns should include this phenomenon.
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Fulton, Kara A. "Community Identity and Shared Practice at Actuncan, Belize." Latin American Antiquity 30, no. 2 (May 27, 2019): 266–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/laq.2019.18.
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Shared identities create deep historical ties to community spaces and can facilitate or constrict political expansion. This research examines the relationship between the ways in which families engaged local landscapes and developed shared identities at Actuncan, Belize, during the Terminal Classic period, a time when the city experienced population growth as surrounding centers declined. The nature and location of activity patterns in and around three residential groups allow inferences about shared practices and the expression of identities that those activities enabled and constrained. Importantly, this research includes investigations of both residential groups and architecturally free areas. It uses multiple methods to explore activities and to produce overlapping datasets, including excavation and analysis of macroartifacts, microartifacts, and soil chemical residues. The results suggest that Actuncan residents used not only the formal patio spaces of residential groups but also the interstitial spaces between them. Moreover, one residential group, Group 1, appears to have been a locus for distinct activities including sequential burials and, possibly, affiliative ritual practices connected to ancestral landscape use. Understanding relationships among residents is an important foundation for exploring broader political dynamics, including relationships between residents and rulers and how rulers created, legitimized, and maintained power and authority.
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Beaton, Ryan. "Uncertain Accommodation: Aboriginal Identity and Group Rights in the Supreme Court of Canada." Canadian Historical Review 99, no. 4 (November 27, 2018): 657–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/chr.99.4.br06.
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Prior, John Mansford. "'Power' and 'the Other' in Joshua: The Brutal Birthing of a Group Identity." Mission Studies 23, no. 1 (2006): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338306777890420.
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AbstractIn a world marked by war, terrorism and ethnic cleansing, reading violent biblical writings such as the Book of Joshua has become problematic. This study probes the phenomenology of violence in Joshua in the light of analyses of state-instigated genocide by contemporary social and political scientists. With the aid of African scholar Mahmood Mamdani the cultural, economic and political group identity of Joshua's Israelites and their stigmatization of 'the other' is investigated. Then, with the help of studies on violence in Indonesia (Colombijn & Lindblad, 2002) where the author lives, the essay outlines seven missiological questions concerning the dynamics of brutality and the issue of 'power'. The contemporary reader may not be that distant from the mind-set of Joshua and, perhaps unconsciously, is engaged in prejudicial categorizing. Only after facing uncomfortable facts and our own ingrained fear can reconciliation move forward. Reading Joshua forces us to re-assess our place in our strife-torn world.
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Wójcik, Adrian Dominik, and Maria Lewicka. "Between discovery and exploitation of history: Lay theories of history and their connections to national identity and interest in history." Memory Studies 15, no. 6 (November 30, 2022): 1497–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17506980221134507.
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One of the distinctions in modern historiography is that between collective memory and history. Although ideal historical research is presented as objective and driven by the search for accuracy, collective memory is nearly always distorted by the current group’s needs. In the current study, we assess whether common people use this professional distinction and whether these two concepts are used by the general population. Our findings are based on several different lines of quantitative studies with a total sample size of 3949: two representative Polish samples, a study of the collective memory of Oświęcim inhabitants and one representative study of inhabitants of six Polish cities. The findings show that laypeople distinguish between three different forms of historical understanding, corresponding to the (1) realistic view of history (history as a search for truth), (2) instrumental view of history (history as a construction in the service of the group’s current needs) and (3) relativistic view of history (disbelief in the possibility of historical cognition). The meta-analysis of correlations revealed that instrumental lay theory was positively related to the nationalistic in-group identity that glorifies the in-group. By contrast, realistic theory was positively related to patriotism – a form of in-group attachment that is open to criticism. The realistic theory was positively related, whereas the instrumental view was negatively related to the expressed interest in history. Moreover, the instrumental view of history was positively related to the explicit denial of the value of historical heritage and a strong focus on the present.
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Errichiello, Oliver. "Gestalt as a Determinant of Brand Management – A Sociological Perspective on Branding in German-Speaking Discourse." Gestalt Theory 43, no. 2 (August 1, 2021): 231–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/gth-2021-0019.
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Abstract For almost 40 years, a specific form of brand management with scientific and practical resonance has been evolving in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland – along with a multitude of microeconomic schools and authors. This form of brand management goes by the term “Brand Sociology” and sees the brand as a Gestalt system of alliances. Brand Sociology fills a gap in the classical economic approach and makes it possible to understand the central target variables of brand management as social dynamics and to direct them in a targeted manner. The following article traces for the first time the foundations and history of a Gestalt sociological approach to brand research and relates its contribution in the field of interplay between Gestalt research, sociology, and identity-based brand economics.
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Kanazayire, Clementine. "Rwanda: In the Aftermath of Genocide Against Tutsis. Survivor and Non-Victim Position to the Subordinate Identity and "Rwandeity" Problem." Conflict Studies Quarterly, no. 23 (April 10, 2018): 23–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/csq.23.2.
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Following the genocide against the Tutsi in 1994, the Rwandan government implemented a policy of strengthening national identification at the expense of the ethnic group identities, which resembled the common in-group identity model (CIIM) known in social psychology. The present interview study examined how participants live being a member of the survivor or non-victim group and being a Rwandan. It also investigated the different perspectives of survivors and non-victims in relation to the policy of strengthening national identification at the expense of the ethnic groups. Consistent with socio-emotional needs-based model (NBM) (Nadler & Shnabel, 2008), the results show that most non-victims support the policy of strengthening national identification at the expense of the ethnic group identity because the national identity permits them to escape this negative moral image conferred by the subordinate identity. For survivors, their subordinate identity is related to the history of victimization. Half of them were supportive of this policy but they had to ensure that the commemoration period is maintained. The two oldest survivors preferred political identities which consider the ethnic group and national identity at the same time. Other reasons advanced of supporting single recategorization policy are related to the official translated version of the history, diverse government policies, empathy towards to the members of the perpetrator group and not representing the prototype of the group.
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Hayes, Edmund. "The Death of Kings: Group Identity and the Tragedy ofNezhādin Ferdowsi'sShahnameh." Iranian Studies 48, no. 3 (March 10, 2015): 369–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00210862.2014.1000625.
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Hoppu, Petri. "Rewriting Skolt Sámi Dance History." Congress on Research in Dance Conference Proceedings 2015 (2015): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cor.2015.14.
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The paper examines the role of traditional couple and group dances of the Skolt Sámi in negotiating their history and identity. The research is based on archival and literal material from Finnish folklore archives as well as ethnographic fieldwork among the Skolts in 2014. It is addressed that the Skolts, despite their dramatic history, have been able to revive and preserve their dance traditions in many ways, and today they are reflecting their dance history from new perspectives, rewriting it and integrating it to their contemporary hybrid identities. Having lived between many different cultures for centuries, their identities are characterized by many points in their social and personal histories, and dancing is a part of the routes they have traveled within these experiences. Today, dancing provides them a strategy to negotiate both with their history and identity in contemporary society.