Journal articles on the topic 'Group identity Australia'
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PRINS, WILLY DE. "On the identity and status of Darala lineosa (Lepidoptera: Eupterotidae)." Zootaxa 4344, no. 1 (November 6, 2017): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4344.1.8.
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In 1862, F. Walker described Darala lineosa in the family Liparidae (now Erebidae, subfamily Lymantriinae) on a single female (he stated that it is a male but see Swinhoe 1892: 209) from Australia (Walker 1862: 269). The genus Darala is now considered a synonym of the large genus Anthela which belongs to the Anthelidae, a family entirely confined to the Australian region with representatives in Australia and New Guinea (Edwards & Fairey 1996: 258). These authors mention 61 Anthela species with about the same amount of synonymic species-group names, but they do not cite Darala lineosa, already indicating that this species does not belong to the Australian fauna and hence that the indication of “Australia” in the original description, and repeated in Walker (1865: 369), is erroneous.
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Ip, David, Christine Inglis, and Chung Tong Wu. "Concepts of Citizenship and Identity among Recent Asian Immigrants in Australia." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 6, no. 3-4 (September 1997): 363–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689700600306.
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Theories of citizenship and, in particular, its exclusionary features in a period of globalization have particular significance for an avowedly immigrant society such as Australia with a policy commitment to multiculturalism. The nature of Australian national identity and citizenship reemerged on the political agenda in conjunction with the 1988 Bicentennial celebrations of European settlement. Debate continues as moves towards becoming a republic with an Australian head of state replacing the British monarch strengthen. As elsewhere, government is focusing attention on the need for citizenship and civics education. An important constituency in this process are the immigrants, especially those from Asia whose ancestors were the target of nationalistic exclusion critical to the formation of the Commonwealth of Australia. This article examines the views on citizenship and identity of a national sample of recent Asian immigrants to Australia. We argue that for considerable numbers an instrumental conception of citizenship underlies their approach to acquiring Australian citizenship. This ‘instrumental citizenship’ is located within their migratory experience and the political traditions of their homelands as well as within their Australian settlement experiences. For many, legal citizenship has not led to a sense of full incorporation into Australian society as indicted by their continuing perception of themselves as ‘migrants’. Reasons for this are complex and involve an interplay of personal factors as well as attitudes and experiences in Australian society whose significance varies from group to group. Such a disjuncture between legal citizenship and personal identity has implications for both governmental policies and theorization about the nature of citizenship.
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Mude, William, and Lillian Mwanri. "Negotiating Identity and Belonging in a New Space: Opportunities and Experiences of African Youths in South Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 15 (July 29, 2020): 5484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155484.
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This paper was part of a large study that aimed to explore determinants of increased suicides among African youths in South Australia. As part of this larger study, narratives from participants indicated that identity crisis could be a potential determinant of suicide. This paper reports on how African youths negotiate and form identity in Australia. A qualitative inquiry was undertaken with 31 African youths using a focus group and individual interviews. Data analysis was guided by a framework for qualitative research. These youths negotiated multiple identities, including those of race, gender, ethnicity and their origin. ‘Freedom and opportunity’, ‘family relationships’, ‘neither belonging here nor there’ and ‘the ability to cope against the paradox of resourcefulness in Australia’ appeared to be important themes in negotiating individual identities. An opportunity was used to acknowledge privileges available in Australia relative to Africa. However, the extent to which individuals acted on these opportunities varied, affecting a person’s sense of purpose, identity formation and belonging in Australia. The loss of social networks following migration, and cultural differences between African and Australian societies, shaped the experience of belonging and identity formation. These findings are crucial as they indicate the need for policies and practices that consider experiences of youths as they form their identity in Australia. Further studies with large numbers of participants are needed to explore these issues further among African youths in Australia.
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Fakhruroji, Moch. "Maintaining Indonesian Muslim Identity through Islamic Study Groups." KOMUNITAS: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDONESIAN SOCIETY AND CULTURE 11, no. 1 (March 28, 2019): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/komunitas.v11i1.16950.
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As a minority group in Australia, Indonesian Muslims are potentially experiencing identity crisis as they categorized as outsiders. This article describe how pengajian (Islamic study groups) and other socio-religious events among Indonesian Muslims as a constructive effort to change the perception of insiders over their social status in order to strengthen their identity as a member in a multicultural societies as theoretically, religion is believed to provide not only the meaning for life but also as social system which provides social control, cohesion, and purposes. Using the IMCV (Indonesian Muslim Community of Victoria) as a case, it could be identified that religious events can be a potential means to maintain their identity as Indonesian Muslims in the context of Australia
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Roger, Michelle S. B. "Collective guilt and pro-social behaviour: Implications for Indigenous and Non-Indigenous reconciliation in Australia." South Pacific Journal of Psychology 11, no. 2 (1999): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0257543400000651.
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AbstractThe existence of collective guilt and its influence on pro-social behaviours was investigated in the context of Indigenous and Non-Indigenous reconciliation in Australia. After the presentation of one of three (negative, positive, ambiguous) one-page Australian histories, 80 psychology undergraduates (47 females) from the Northern Territory University, aged from 18-50 years, indicated their level of national identity, perceived in-group variability, feelings of collective guilt, and how participants and the government should compensate Indigenous groups. Participants were also shown an internet petition, a ‘Sorry list’ apologising to Indigenous Australians, to which they could add their name. Perceptions of in-group variability, collective guilt, and out-group compensation were found to be dependent on participants' level of national identity. In order to facilitate reconciliation, the present data indicate psychographic segmentation of the Australian population, in order to tailor specific reconciliation information to these groups.
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Singharoy, Debal. "Development, Environmental and Indigenous People’s Movements in Australia: Issues of Autonomy and Identity." Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 4, no. 1 (March 12, 2012): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v4i1.2185.
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Indigenous movements in Australia are at a crossroad in their efforts to protect their intrinsic relations with land, nature and culture on the one hand and engaging with the reconciliatory and developmental dynamics of the state on the other. This paper examines the process of articulation and rejuvenation of indigenous identities that negotiate across culture, environment, sustainable livelihood and the developmental needs of the community. Locating these movements within wider socio-historical contexts it focuses on the tensions between a pro-conservation and a pro-development approach in grass roots indigenous movements. Three case studies are presented – drawn from the Sydney region. One indigenous group’s struggle against a housing development, defined as a threat to indigenous and environmental heritage, is contrasted with an indigenous group that is internally divided over an agreement with a mining developer, and a third group that has engaged in constructing housing and welfare projects, and in part has itself become a developer. The article thereby addresses the reformulation of indigenous identities in Australian society as indigenous peoples’ movements have renegotiated the contending pressures of environment and development.
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Oriyama, Kaya. "Heritage Language Maintenance and Japanese Identity Formation: What Role Can Schooling and Ethnic Community Contact Play?" Heritage Language Journal 7, no. 2 (August 30, 2010): 237–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.46538/hlj.7.2.5.
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This study examines the role of schooling and ethnic community contact in ethnolinguistic and cultural identity construction and heritage language maintenance through the surveys and narratives of three groups of Japanese-English bilingual youths and their parents in Sydney, Australia, as a part of a larger longitudinal study from childhood. The bilingual youths were either born in Australia or immigrated there at a young age, and one or both of their parents are Japanese. All youths attended local Japanese community (heritage) language schools on weekends for varying periods of time while receiving Australian education (one group received some Japanese education as well) during the week. The bilinguals were grouped by types of schooling and community contact. The results show that community schools foster positive Japanese inclusive identity and heritage language development, especially with home, community, and peer support. Contrary to previous studies, positive attitudes toward hybrid identities and Japanese maintenance were found, regardless of the levels of Japanese proficiency. The development of identity and heritage language appear to be influenced not only by schooling and community, but also by wider socio-cultural contexts.
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Baldassar, Loretta, Joanne Pyke, and Danny Ben-Moshe. "The Vietnamese in Australia: diaspora identity, intra-group tensions, transnational ties and ‘victim’ status." Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 43, no. 6 (January 16, 2017): 937–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1369183x.2016.1274565.
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Kennedy, Rosanne. "Soul music dreaming:The Sapphires, the 1960s and transnational memory." Memory Studies 6, no. 3 (May 20, 2013): 331–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698013485506.
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In memory studies, concepts of cosmopolitan, transnational and transcultural memory have been identified as a means of studying mnemonic symbols, cultural forms and cultural practices that cross national, ethnic and territorial borders. However, what do these concepts deliver for memory work that originates in an ‘off-centre’ location such as Australia, where outsiders often lack an understanding of the history and cultural codes? A recent Indigenous Australian film, The Sapphires, set in 1968, provides an opportunity to consider some of the claims that are made for the transnational travels of memory. The film tells the story of an Aboriginal girl group that travels to Vietnam to perform for the American troops. I discuss the mnemonic tropes and transcultural carriers of memory, particularly soul music, that enable this popular memory to circulate nationally and internationally. While global tropes and icons of the 1960s can be imported into Australia, and used to construct Australian cultural memory and identity, how effectively does cultural memory travel transnationally from Australia?
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Maniam, Vegneskumar, and Russel Brown. "Participation in outdoor recreational activities and cultural identity in Australia: An exploratory qualitative study." Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research 87, no. 1 (September 1, 2020): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2020-0017.
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AbstractThis paper focuses on personal statements written by 23 Year 11 students about what outdoor recreational activities they participated in and their sense of cultural identity in the culturally plural context of Australia.. A sociological approach of inductive analysis of their comments was employed to investigate the extent to which those of culturally diverse identities were actually participating in outdoor recreational activities. The respondents came from six Adelaide co-educational secondary schools which agreed to participate in the study. The responses given to the guideline questions provided evidence of participation in twelve different outdoor recreational activities, some involving individual pursuits and others group activities. Twelve students identified themselves as ‘mainstream Australian’, while eight claimed identities linked to other European and Asian cultural groups and three reported no sense of cultural identification. The evidence from this exploratory study was that those of culturally diverse identities were actually participating in outdoor recreational activities. However, they were more likely to be involved in individual rather than group activities. Furthermore they preferred land-based activities to those requiring water skills. The paper discusses the significance of the findings, implications for making future initiatives and policies in outdoor recreational activities more inclusive, as well as directions for further research.
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Sumner, J., and C. R. Dickman. "Distribution and identity of species in the Antechinus stuartii - A. flavipes group (Marsupialia : Dasyuridae) in south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 46, no. 1 (1998): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo94055.
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This study describes genetical differences between three morphologically similar species of Antechinus in south-eastern Australia, and uses the climatic model BIOCLIM to clarify their expected geographical distributions. Allozyme electrophoresis revealed Nei’s distances of >0.2 between A. flavipes and A. stuartii and A. flavipes and A. agilis, the latter a newly recognised species in south-eastern Australia. Fixed allele differences were determined in five proteins between A. stuartii and A. flavipes from an area of sympatry in northern New South Wales, confirming their genetic distinctness. A smaller distance (0.08) separated A. stuartii from A. agilis, but fixed allele differences in albumin and mannose phosphate isomerase distinguished these species clearly. Locality records for the three species were compiled from the electrophoretic results, museum specimen records and published data, and used to generate expected distributions for each species. A. flavipes is predicted to occur primarily in warm, inland areas of south- eastern Australia with a mean annual rainfall of 785 mm, but to occur along the coast in South Australia and southern Queensland. In contrast, the distributions of A. stuartii and A. agilis are predicted to be broadly coastal, with the former occurring in northern New South Wales and southern Queensland in areas with high mean annual rainfall (1430 mm) and temperature (16.0°C), the latter in southern New South Wales and Victoria in cooler areas (11.8°C annual mean) with intermediate rainfall (1071 mm). Sympatry appears to be limited between A. flavipes and its two congeners; A. stuartii and A. agilis are predicted to be parapatric with only two small areas of overlap being evident.
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Renner, Matt A. M., Nicolas Devos, Elizabeth A. Brown, and Matt J. von Konrat. "New records, replacements, reinstatements and four new species in the Radula parvitexta and R. ventricosa species groups (Jungermanniopsida) in Australia: cases of mistaken identity." Australian Systematic Botany 26, no. 4 (2013): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb13027.
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Various published hypotheses regarding circumscription and relationships of species within the Radula parvitexta and R. ventricosa species groups were tested using molecular data from three chloroplast markers. The phylogeny resolves five clades within the R. parvitexta species group in Australia, which proves polyphyletic across two subgenera, or three subgenera if R. madagascariensis is included. One clade represents an undescribed species, R. psychosis sp. nov., one corresponds to R. madagascariensis, a new record for Australia, the others to R. ratkowskiana, R. tasmanica and R. robinsonii. R. ratkowskiana is reinstated from synonymy of R. tasmanica, and R. parvitexta is placed into synonymy of R. robinsonii. A second new species belonging to the R. parvitexta species group, R. kilgourii sp. nov., is described; however, it was not included in the phylogeny. Three clades were resolved within the R. ventricosa species group in Australia, which is nested within subg. Metaradula. These clades corresponded to R. jovetiana, R. loriana, which is reinstated from synonymy of R. ventricosa, and two new species, namely, R. myriopoda sp. nov. and R. forficata sp. nov. R. ventricosa is excluded from the Australian flora, because all material is referrable to R. loriana. R. forficata and R. kilgourii had not been collected before the present study. R. myriopoda and R. jovetiana exhibit overlap in morphology of the sterile gametophyte and can be reliably separated only on characters associated with the perianth mouth. They can be considered semicryptic species, and would not have been recognised independent of fieldwork and molecular investigations conducted as part of the present study.
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Rutland, Suzanne D. "Creating Transformation: South African Jews in Australia." Religions 13, no. 12 (December 6, 2022): 1192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13121192.
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Since the 1960s Australian Jewry has doubled in size to 117,000. This increase has been due to migration rather than natural increase with the main migration groups being South Africans, Russians, and Israelis. Of the three, the South Africans have had the most significant impact on Australian Jewry—one could argue that this has been transformative in Sydney and Perth. They have contributed to the religious and educational life of the communities as well as assuming significant community leadership roles in all the major Jewish Centres where they settled. This results from their strong Jewish identity. A comparative study undertaken by Rutland and Gariano in 2004–2005 demonstrated that each specific migrant group came from a different past with a different Jewish form of identification, the diachronic axis, which impacted on their integration into Jewish life in Australia, the synchronic axis as proposed by Sagi in 2016. The South Africans identified Jewishly in a traditional religious manner. This article will argue that this was an outcome of the South African context during the apartheid period, and that, with their stronger Jewish identity and support for the Jewish-day- school movement, they not only integrated into the new Australian-Jewish context; they also changed that context.
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GREAVES, ELIZABETH, KARIN MEIßNER, and ROBIN WILSON. "New Laonice species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from western and northern Australia." Zootaxa 2903, no. 1 (June 2, 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2903.1.1.
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Species belonging to the genus Laonice (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from continental shelf and slope depths off western and northern Australia are described. Three species are new to science (L. lemniscata, L. insolita, L. pectinata), two additional species of uncertain identity are recognised from incomplete material and are similar to existing species. A key is provided to allow identification of all six Laonice species known from Australia. Also, a new standard for the observation of hooded hooks in Laonice is established. One of the Australian species, L. quadridentata, belongs to a group of Laonice species with fused prostomium and peristomium. These species are of great morphological similarity and several are reported to exhibit ontogenetic and individual variability and we discuss the significant taxonomic problems that are a consequence of that variability. The faunas of the continental margin of western and northern Australia were poorly sampled prior to the extensive surveys that generated our study material; this study and other current work suggests that our present estimates of species richness of the Australian marine invertebrate fauna significantly underestimate species richness, perhaps by as much as 50%.
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Bliuc, Ana-Maria, Laura G. E. Smith, and Tina Moynihan. "“You wouldn’t celebrate September 11”: Testing online polarisation between opposing ideological camps on YouTube." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 23, no. 6 (September 2020): 827–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430220942567.
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Online communication is increasingly associated with growing polarisation in society. In this research, we test a dual-pathway model of online polarisation via intergroup and intragroup interaction of supporters of opposing ideological camps on YouTube. The interaction occurs over a video parody promoting a campaign to change the date of Australia Day celebrations, a divisive issue entailing contrasting narratives about Australian identity, meanings of Australia Day, and interpretations of colonial history. To capture ideological polarisation, we conducted computerised linguistic analysis of polarised talk in the form of comments and replies ( N = 1,027) from supporters and opponents of the campaign. The indicators used to capture polarisation are social identification, position certainty, and psychological distance (as reflected by increased anxiety and hostility). Our results show that most polarisation (in the form of increased hostility) occurs in conditions of expression of outgroup dissent (the intergroup interaction pathway) and the most debated content on the online forum revolves around themes relevant to group identity. In addition to contributing to the understanding of group process in an online context, another key contribution of this research is providing a theory-driven method and blueprint to detect polarisation in social media data.
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Phillips, Virginia. "Language, Cultural Identity and Empowerment in the Dominant Culture." Aboriginal Child at School 20, no. 2 (May 1992): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0310582200007781.
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Lack of a common means of verbal or written communication always creates problems of interpersonal communication and gives rise to misunderstandings and (possibly) prejudice against one or other party. On the surface, there would seem to be a good deal of merit in the suggestion that “if everyone spoke the same language, all these problems would disappear”. However, the matter is not as simple as it seems, for questions must be asked as to what language should be chosen, the dialect of it, and to what extent cultural factors, deeply related to the true understanding of how thought is expressed within a language, need to be addressed. In Australia, most reasonably well education Anglo-Celtic Australians asked these questions would immediately think of Standard Australian English (SAE), though working-class and indigenous Australians may consider it too “posh” and out of touch with their lifestyles. Few from the dominant group, however, would be even remotely aware of the degree to which cultural factors influence how thought is expressed in a language (as already mentioned), and how this influences the spoken language and, more particularly, the written language in a literate society.
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Creese, Jennifer. "Secular Jewish Identity and Public Religious Participation within Australian Secular Multiculturalism." Religions 10, no. 2 (January 22, 2019): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10020069.
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Many Australian Jews label their Jewish identity as secular. However, public representations of Jewish culture within Australian multiculturalism frequently highlight the religious practices of Judaism as markers of Jewish cultural authenticity. This study explores how secular Jews sometimes perform and reference Jewish religious practice when participating in communal events, and when identifying as Jewish to non-Jews in social interactions and in interactions with the state. Ethnographic participant observation and semi-structured in-depth interviews with nine self-identified secular Jews living in Queensland, Australia, were employed to gather data. These self-identified secular Jews within the community incorporate little religiosity in their private lives, yet in public they often identify with religious practice, and use a religious framework when describing and representing Jewishness to outsiders. This suggests that public Jewishness within Queensland multiculturalism might be considered a performative identity, where acts and statements of religious behavior construct and signify Jewish group cultural distinctiveness in mainstream society. These secular Jews, it is suggested, may participate in this performativity in order to partake in the social capital of communal religious institutions, and to maintain a space for Jewish identity in multicultural secular society, so that their individual cultural interpretations of Jewishness might be realised.
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Glynn, Tony, and Stuart G. Carr. "Motivation and performance in teams: Transforming loafing into resonance." South Pacific Journal of Psychology 11, no. 1 (1999): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0257543400000766.
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AbstractEmployee responses to being placed in workplace “teams” range from free-riding (shirking, social loafing) to working harder than ever before, and feelings of identity (or in-group) with the team may play a key role in facilitating the working harder response. Fifty-two Australian future managers worked on a workplace simulation task, either (a) alone (Control), (b) among a simulated unidentified aggregate of other students (team setting, no social identity), (c) with simulated other students from the same faculty competing against the Faculty of Law (in-group, social identity condition), or (d) amid a simulated out-group of students from Law, competing against the participant's own faculty (out-group condition, pre-existing conflicting loyalty condition). As predicted, compared to (a) working alone, aggregation (b) resulted in free-riding, which was reversed by merely invoking (c) a social (faculty) identity, but then reappeared under (d) an out-group condition. Tentative though the current data may be, “flip-over” effects like these may depend on a worker's pluralistic mix of individualistic and collectivistic repertoires. To the extent that such pluralism is found throughout Australia and elsewhere in the South Pacific (Taylor & S. Yavalanavanua, 1997), our findings may apply to ‘thinking through’ workplace team development elsewhere in the region.
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Lewis, Clifford, Greg Kerr, and Alan Pomering. "Self-identity and Social Norms in Destination Choice by Young Australian Travellers." Tourist Studies 10, no. 3 (December 2010): 265–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468797611407753.
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Demand for domestic tourism in Australia is in decline, particularly for young Australian travellers (YATs) who prefer to travel overseas. Although models exist to explain destination choice, many of these have limitations, including the assumption of a rational consumer and a focus on the functional attributes of travel and tourism. Further, there has been a tendency to replicate studies, albeit in different contexts, rather than search for new insights into destination choice. With the aim of better explaining the decision of destination choice by YATs, focus groups comprising representatives from the population of interest were conducted. The approach was to examine tourism from a sociological perspective, drawing on theories of ritual, ritual inversion and fashion. The results reveal the importance of self-identity and social norms in destination selection. It is concluded that destinations that contribute to enhancing one’s self-identity, particularly when they are consistent with one’s existing or aspirational social group, are more likely to be visited by YATs.
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Avgoulas, Maria-Irini, and Rebecca Fanany. "Migration, Identity and Wellbeing in Melbourne Australia - The Idea of being Greek in Diaspora." ATHENS JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES 8, no. 3 (May 25, 2021): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajss.8-3-4.
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Both maintenance and transmission of Greek cultural identity are central to people of Greek descent living in diaspora, regardless of whether the individuals involved are immigrants or the descendants of immigrants. The ‘idea of being Greek’ often represents a positive resource for personal and group identity, even though what constitutes being Greek may be different depending on the cultural lens through which it is viewed in the experience of each generation. Nonetheless, core domains associated with the concept of being Greek include the Greek language, the Greek Orthodox religion and various daily cultural practices. This paper will discuss findings across a number of recent studies undertaken in Melbourne, Australia taking an emic and etic perspective that all utilize the emergent methodology of narrative ethnography to explore migration, identity and wellbeing in the Greek community as well as the idea of being Greek in diaspora. The results suggest that there are emotional benefits associated with cultural identity and overall positive wellbeing and that, for those living in diaspora, whether migration was planned or not, a cultural community, cultural activities and membership in a distinct group are positive resources in fostering social connectedness. From a social perspective on health, this extends beyond the physiological/clinical elements of health and wellbeing and emphasizes the various social and intangible benefits of positive outlook and the very significant role that culture, and cultural practices play in the group social context by contributing to the perception of health and wellbeing in the Greek diaspora community across generations. Keywords: Culture, identity, wellbeing, Greek identity, migration
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Monis, P. T., G. Mayrhofer, R. H. Andrews, W. L. Homan, L. Limper, and P. L. Ey. "Molecular genetic analysis ofGiardia intestinalisisolates at the glutamate dehydrogenase locus." Parasitology 112, no. 1 (January 1996): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000065021.
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SUMMARYSamples of DNA from a panel ofGiardiaisolated from humans and animals in Europe and shown previously to consist of 2 major genotypes–‘Polish’ and ‘Belgian’–have been compared with human-derived Australian isolates chosen to represent distinct genotypes (genetic groups I–IV) defined previously by allozymic analysis. Homologous 0·52 kilobase (kb) segments of 2 trophozoite surface protein genes (tsa417 and tsp11, both present in isolates belonging to genetic groups I and II) and a 1·2 kb segment of the glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) gene were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and examined for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). Of 21 ‘Polish’ isolates that were tested, all yieldedtsa417-like andtsp11-like PCR products that are characteristic of genetic groups I or II (15 and 6 isolates respectively) in a distinct assemblage ofG. intestinalisfrom Australia (Assemblage A). Conversely, most of the 19 ‘Belgian’ isolates resembled a second assemblage of genotypes defined in Australia (Assemblage B) which contains genetic groups III and IV. RFLP analysis ofgdhamplification products showed also that ‘Polish’ isolates-were equivalent to Australian Assemblage A isolates (this analysis does not distinguish between genetic groups I and II) and that ‘Belgian’ isolates were equivalent to Australian AssemblageB isolates. Comparison of nucleotide sequences determined for a 690 base-pair portion of thegdhPCR products revealed ≥ 99·0% identity between group I and group II (Assemblage A/‘Polish’) genotypes, 88·3–89·7% identity between Assemblage A and Assemblage B genotypes, and ≥ 98·4% identity between various Assemblage B/‘Belgian’ genotypes. The results confirm that theG. duodenalisisolates examined in this study (inclusive ofG. intestinalisfrom humans) can be divided into 2 major genetic clusters: Assemblage A (= ‘Polish’ genotype) containing allozymically defined groups I and II, and Assemblage B (= ‘Belgian’ genotype) containing allozymically defined groups III and IV and other related genotypes.
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Sawrikar, Pooja, and Caroline J. Hunt. "The Relationship Between Mental Health, Cultural Identity and Cultural Values in Non-English Speaking Background (NESB) Australian Adolescents." Behaviour Change 22, no. 2 (July 1, 2005): 97–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/bech.2005.22.2.97.
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AbstractIn Australia, acculturating adolescents from a non-English speaking background (NESB) face two important challenges: developing a cultural identity and establishing a set of cultural values. These challenges are achieved by balancing a native and Australian orientation. It was expected that NESB adolescents who did not achieve these tasks would experience poor mental health. This study focused on adolescents because a significant relationship between cultural identity, cultural values and mental health in this group will highlight a need for sensitivity to such cultural and developmental issues. Two hundred and sixty-three NESB adolescents completed questionnaires that assessed cultural identity (Australian and native), cultural values (individualism and collectivism), state mental health (depression, anxiety and stress) and trait mental health (positive affectivity [PA] and negative affectivity [NA]). Results indicated that high Australian pride and high native pride are associated with lower depression, anxiety, stress and NA, and higher PA. Results also indicated that adolescents high on individualism and collectivism reported lower depression and stress, and higher PA. Furthermore, adolescents with a separated cultural identity (high native pride and low Australian pride) reported the highest levels of depression, but adolescents with separated cultural values (high collectivism and low individualism) reported the lowest levels of depression and anxiety. We concluded that cultural identity and cultural values are differentially related to mental health, and such relationships, albeit moderate, emerge during adolescence.
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Hingorani, Anurag G., Lynne Freeman, and Michelle Agudera. "Impact of Immigration on Native and Ethnic Consumer Identity via Body Image." International Journal of Marketing Studies 9, no. 1 (January 16, 2017): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijms.v9n1p27.
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This research focuses on consumer identity of two under-researched but growing immigrant communities in Australia via the lens of the body image construct. Consistent with an emerging stream of research, body image is viewed as a part of identity. Given the variety of goods and services that have an impact on consumers’ perceptions of their body, and because consumers use products to create and convey desired identities, body image is also viewed as a part of consumer identity. Considering literature on identity, body image, and acculturation, exploratory research was undertaken to determine the impact of immigration on the identities of both immigrants and natives. Specifically, focus groups were conducted on two generations of Filipino- and Indian-Australian women as well as Anglo-Australian women. It was found that second generation immigrants have dual consumer identities where they balance the values, attitudes and lifestyles of both their home (i.e., native or heritage) and host cultures whereas first generation immigrants tend to retain their native consumer identity even if they appear to adopt values, attitudes, and lifestyles of the host culture. The impact of immigrants on consumer identities of native residents who are typically in the majority (i.e., the Anglo group) was not evident. Theoretical and practical implications including recommendations for marketing practitioners are then discussed followed by suggestions for future research.
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D'Anastasi, Tanya, and Erica Frydenberg. "Ethnicity and Coping: What Young People Do and What Young People Learn." Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling 15, no. 1 (July 1, 2005): 43–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/ajgc.15.1.43.
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AbstractIn a number of studies, using the Adolescent Coping scale as a measure of coping, we are able to see clearly that young people from different communities cope in different ways. For example, in studies of Australian, Columbian, German, Irish and Palestinian young people it was found that coping varied in the different countries, but even within the same country, such as Australia, there are variations in coping across ethnic communities. These findings are confirmed by a recent smaller scale investigation that found that a group of students who were labelled ‘Australian minority group’ (comprising of Asian, African, Pacific Islanders and Middle Eastern students) used more spiritual support and resorted to social action more than did Anglo-Australian students. Of particular note is that the Australian minority group were found to significantly decrease their use of self-blame after participating in a school-based coping skills program, while Anglo-Australian students increased their use of physical recreation. These findings collectively demonstrate the impact of ethnic identity in both the act of coping and the acquisition of coping skills.
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Bliuc, Ana-Maria, John Betts, Matteo Vergani, Muhammad Iqbal, and Kevin Dunn. "Collective identity changes in far-right online communities: The role of offline intergroup conflict." New Media & Society 21, no. 8 (March 3, 2019): 1770–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444819831779.
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Despite the increasing citizen engagement with socio-political online communities, little is known about how such communities are affected by significant offline events. Thus, we investigate here the ways in which the collective identity of a far-right online community is affected by offline intergroup conflict. We examine over 14 years of online communication between members of Stormfront Downunder, the Australian sub-forum of the global white supremacist community Stormfront.org . We analyse members’ language use and discourse before and after significant intergroup conflict in 2015, culminating in local racist riots in Sydney, Australia. We found that the riots were associated with significant changes in the collective beliefs of the community (as captured by members’ most salient concerns and group norms), emotions and consensus within the community. Overall, the effects of the local riots were manifest in a reinvigorated sense of purpose for the far-right community with a stronger anti-Muslim agenda.
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Poynten, I. Mary, Alicia N. Stein, E. Lynne Conway, Garrett Prestage, David G. Regan, Fengyi Jin, Jane Hocking, and Andrew E. Grulich. "Geographical clustering of anal cancer incidence in Australia." Sexual Health 9, no. 6 (2012): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh12039.
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Introduction: Homosexual men are at an increased risk of anal cancer. We aimed to establish the burden of anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in those parts of Australia where homosexual men are most likely to live. Methods: Data on the proportion of homosexual male residents were obtained from published estimates. Men were categorised into three postcode groups by prevalence of men reporting homosexual identity. Male population data in age groups were extracted for each postcode group and analyses of cancer incidence were performed by postcode group. The analyses were restricted to 2000–2005. Results: Eight postcodes had populations where more than 10% of males reported homosexual identity (high prevalence) and 4–10% of men reported homosexual activity in a further 19 postcodes (medium prevalence). From 2000 to 2005, the average annual age-standardised incidence rates of anal SCC in males was 7.61 per 100 000 (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.68–10.55) and 2.21 per 100 000 (95% CI: 1.05–3.37) in high and medium prevalence postcodes, respectively. The corresponding incidence rate ratios compared with low prevalence postcodes (less than 4% of males reported homosexual identity) were 9.6 (95% CI: 6.6–14.1) for the high prevalence and 2.4 (95% CI: 1.4–4.1) for the medium prevalence postcodes. Conclusion: A substantial concentration of the burden of anal cancer occurred among areas where large proportions of homosexual men reside. These results should guide the prioritisation of health service investment in anal cancer treatment and prevention to appropriate geographical areas.
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Pažoutová, Sylvie, Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, Debra E. Frederickson, Peter G. Mantle, and Richard A. Frederiksen. "Relations Among Sorghum Ergot Isolates from the Americas, Africa, India, and Australia." Plant Disease 84, no. 4 (April 2000): 437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2000.84.4.437.
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Sorghum ergot, initially restricted to Asia and Africa, was recently found in the Americas and Australia. Three species causing the disease have been reported: Claviceps sorghi in India, C. sorghicola in Japan, and C. africana in all ergot-positive countries. The objective of our study was to study the intraspecific variation in C. africana isolates in the Americas, Africa, India, and Australia. We confirmed C. africana, C. sorghi, and C. sorghicola as different species using differences in nucleotide sequences of internal transcribed spacer 1 and 5.8S rDNA regions. Sequences of this region obtained from the representative American, Indian, and Australian isolates of C. africana were identical. In addition, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) banding patterns of sorghum ergot pathogen isolates from the United States, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Bolivia, Australia, and India were evaluated with nearly 100 primers. A total of 65 primers gave identical patterns for all isolates, which confirmed that all were C. africana. The identity of RAPD pattern and rDNA sequence of Indian isolates with those of C. africana confirmed that the species is now present in India. Only 20 primers gave small pattern differences and 7 of them were used for routine testing. All of the American isolates were identical and three isolates of the same type were also found in South Africa, suggesting Africa as the origin of the invasion clone in the Americas. Australian and Indian isolates were distinguishable by a single band difference; therefore, migration from the Asian region to Australia is suspected. Another distinct group was found in Africa. Cluster analysis of the informative bands revealed that the American and African group are on the same moderately (69%) supported clade. Isolates from Australia and India belonged to another clade.
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HOESE, DOUGLASS F., and MICHAEL P. HAMMER. "A review of the Glossogobius giuris complex in Australia, with wider discussion on nomenclature and possible synonymies." Zootaxa 4974, no. 1 (May 19, 2021): 79–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4974.1.3.
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Two species that had previously been referred to as Glossogobius giuris from Australia are redescribed and tentatively treated as Glossogobius giuris and Glossogobius laticeps. The two species are largely allopatric in Australia with G. laticeps found on the east coast of Queensland and some rivers of the Northern Territory, while G. giuris is distributed from the Northern Territory to rivers of the west coast of Western Australia. The two species are known to be genetically distinct and with some differences in colour patterns. Morphological features separating the species are minor and there is considerable overlap in many of the characters separating them. High variation in the Hammersley Ranges and Kimberley region of Western Australia further complicates separation of the species. The status of the Glossogobius giuris group from India is discussed as a key area to resolving an overall “giuris” species complex. Information is provided on the current identity of a number of species that had previously been considered synonyms of Glossogobius giuris. Extant types and difficulties assigning the types of known species are also discussed. A key is provided to aid identification of Australian species of Glossogobius.
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T., Dune，, Stewart, J., Tronc, W., Lee, V., Mapedzahama, V., Firdaus, R., and Mekonnen, T. "Resilience in the Face of Adversity: Narratives from Ageing Indigenous Women in Australia." International Journal of Social Science Studies 6, no. 3 (February 12, 2018): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v6i3.3025.
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There is an increasing body of work identifying and analyzing notions of resilience from indigenous perspectives. Notwithstanding the utility of this research for the Australian context (some parallels may be cautiously inferred for some Indigenous Australian groups), critical knowledge gaps exist in our understanding of how Australian Indigenous peoples, particularly Indigenous women, construct, perform and express resilience. This paper addresses this gap by presenting data from focus group discussions with 11 Indigenous Australian women, which highlights how the women confront the everyday challenges of ‘being Indigenous’. The women spoke of not only of a strong sense of identity in the face of negative stereotypes but also demonstrated their ability to adapt to change, rebound from negative historical socio-cultural and political systemic changes and ways to keep their identities and cultures strong within contemporary Australia. We contend that a focus on Indigenous resilience is more significant for social change because it not only moves away from deficit-discourses about Indigenous Australian groups, it highlights their remarkable strengths in adapting, recovering and continuing in white-centric, antagonistic conditions.
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Baldassar, Loretta. "Migration Monuments in Italy and Australia: Contesting Histories and Transforming Identities." Modern Italy 11, no. 1 (February 2006): 43–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532940500492241.
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Rather than focusing on how Italians share the neighbourhood with other groups, this paper examines some of the intra-group processes (i.e. relations between Italians themselves) that produced various monuments to Italian migration in Australia, Brazil and Italy. Through their distinct styles and formulations, the monuments reflect diverse and often competing elaborations of the migrant experience by different generations at local, national and transnational levels. The recent increase in the construction of such monuments in Australia is linked to the gradual disappearance of ‘visibly’ Italian neighbourhoods. These commemorations effectively transform Italian migrants into Australian pioneers and, thus, resolve moral and cultural ambiguities about belonging and identity by de-emphasizing difference (ethnic diversity) and concealing intergenerational tensions about appropriate ways of expressing Italianness. Similarly, the appearance of monuments in Italy is linked to an emergent ‘diasporic’ consciousness fuelled by Italian emigrants’ growing ability to travel to Italy, but also to the attempt to obscure potentially destabilizing dual identities by emphasizing (one, Italian) ‘homeland’.
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Prehn, Jacob, and Douglas Ezzy. "Decolonising the health and well-being of Aboriginal men in Australia." Journal of Sociology 56, no. 2 (May 20, 2020): 151–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783319856618.
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Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander men have the worst health of any group in Australia. Despite this, relevant policies do not specifically explain how the issue will be improved. Existing research demonstrates the complexity of the problems facing Australian Indigenous men. The intersection of masculinity and Indigeneity, compounded by colonisation, historical policies, stigma, marginalisation, trauma, grief and loss of identity are key factors that shape these poor health outcomes. These outcomes are acknowledged in federal and some state government policies but not implemented. The article argues for a holistic and decolonised approach to Australian Aboriginal men’s health. Effective models of intervention to improve men’s health outcomes include men’s health clinics, men’s groups, Men’s Sheds, men’s health camps/bush adventure therapy, fathering groups and mentoring programs. Further research needs to be undertaken, with a greater emphasis on preventative health measures, adequate specific funding, culturally and gender appropriate responses to health, and government policy development and implementation covering Aboriginal male health.
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Kurata, Naomi. "Motivational Selves of Japanese Heritage Speakers in Australia." Heritage Language Journal 12, no. 2 (August 30, 2015): 110–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.46538/hlj.12.2.1.
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Relying upon Dörnyei’s (2005, 2009) L2 Motivational Self System and Ushioda’s (2009) person-in-context relational view of emergent motivation, self, and identity, the present study investigates the nature and construction of Japanese heritage learners’ motivational selves in relation to their HL learning experiences. Based upon questionnaire data and focus group discussions in Australia, the analysis reveals that HL speakers’ motivational selves are not fixed, individual difference characteristics, but are more properly described as a process. This process emerges through the interaction between the self-reflective intentional agent and complex social structures, language expertise, experiences, and contexts in which the HL speaker participates. The impact of learning experiences on the formation of motivational selves is highlighted, as is the importance of the link between these selves and issues relating to personal identity. Globalism, imagined communities, and transnational identities are among the phenomena discussed.
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Baehr, Barbara C., Joseph Schubert, and Danilo Harms. "The Brushed Jumping Spiders (Araneae, Salticidae, Jotus L. Koch, 1881) from Eastern Australia." Evolutionary Systematics 3, no. 1 (June 18, 2019): 53–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.3.34496.
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The Australian fauna of Jumping spiders (family Salticidae) is highly diverse and includes iconic lineages such as the peacock spiders (genus Maratus Karsch, 1878) that are well-known for their vibrant colours and fascinating behaviours. Many other jumping spiders in Australia are also highly attractive but almost nothing is known about their diversity and taxonomic identity. Here, we describe and illustrate eight species of ‘brushed’ jumping spiders (genus Jotus L. Koch, 1881). Three of these were described more than 140 years ago and are redescribed and illustrated here: Jotusauripes L. Koch, 1881, J.braccatus L. Koch, 1881 and J.minutus L. Koch, 1881. Five new species are also described: Jotusalbimanussp. nov., J.fortiniaesp. nov., J.karllagerfeldisp. nov., Jotusmoonensissp. nov., and J.newtonisp. nov. While Jotus is a diverse and frequently observed genus in Australia, specimens are strangely rare in museum collections. A comprehensive revisionary framework including targeted field work and molecular methods will be required to fully document this charismatic and attractive group of spiders.
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Robin, Libby, and Jane Carruthers. "National Identity and International Science: The Case of Acacia." Historical Records of Australian Science 23, no. 1 (2012): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr12002.
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The article considers the role that history and botanical politics played during the nomenclatural debates surrounding the decision taken at the XVII International Botanical Congress (IBC) in Vienna in 2005 to conserve the genus Acacia with the type A. penninervis, an acacia from the Australian group, and the confirmation of this decision at the XVIII IBC in Melbourne in 2011. What was unusual about this issue was that it was contested in the public media as well as in professional botanical circles. It also resulted in fierce critiques about how the processes of international botany should operate. Many natural scientists strongly believe that their disciplines are objective and untainted by influences outside ?science', yet this recent example from international botany shows how politics in science, and scientific politics, may cast a long shadow over scientific decisions. In terms of external influences on science, we provide an overview of the competitive claims to Acacia as a national symbol in Australia and Africa that fuelled some of the discussion. We present some of the ?compromise proposals' that were circulated in advance of the Melbourne meeting and describe that meeting, focusing on the implications of the Acacia decision for the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. We reflect on the complex role played by national identity and emotional passion for plants that has been revealed, while also highlighting how this experience has encouraged many botanists around the world to scrutinize more carefully how their international bodies function and to suggest changes and improvements.
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Maina, Solomon, Martin J. Barbetti, Owain R. Edwards, David Minemba, Michael W. Areke, and Roger A. C. Jones. "Genetic Connectivity Between Papaya Ringspot Virus Genomes from Papua New Guinea and Northern Australia, and New Recombination Insights." Plant Disease 103, no. 4 (April 2019): 737–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-07-18-1136-re.
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Isolates of papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) were obtained from plants of pumpkin (Cucurbita spp.) or cucumber (Cucumis sativus) showing mosaic symptoms growing at Zage in Goroka District in the Eastern Highland Province of Papua New Guinea (PNG) or Bagl in the Mount Hagen District, Western Highlands Province. The samples were sent to Australia on FTA cards where they were subjected to High Throughput Sequencing (HTS). When the coding regions of the six new PRSV genomic sequences obtained via HTS were compared with those of 54 other complete PRSV sequences from other parts of the world, all six grouped together with the 12 northern Australian sequences within major phylogroup B minor phylogroup I, the Australian sequences coming from three widely dispersed locations spanning the north of the continent. Notably, none of the PNG isolates grouped with genomic sequences from the nearby country of East Timor in phylogroup A. The closest genetic match between Australian and PNG sequences was a nucleotide (nt) sequence identity of 96.9%, whereas between PNG and East Timorese isolates it was only 83.1%. These phylogenetic and nt identity findings demonstrate genetic connectivity between PRSV populations from PNG and Australia. Recombination analysis of the 60 PRSV sequences available revealed evidence of 26 recombination events within 18 isolates, only four of which were within major phylogroup B and none of which were from PNG or Australia. Within the recombinant genomes, the P1, Cl, NIa-Pro, NIb, 6K2, and 5′UTR regions contained the highest numbers of recombination breakpoints. After removal of nonrecombinant sequences, four minor phylogroups were lost (IV, VII, VIII, XV), only one of which was in phylogroup B. When genome regions from which recombinationally derived tracts of sequence were removed from recombinants prior to alignment with nonrecombinant genomes, seven previous minor phylogroups within major phylogroup A, and two within major phylogroup B, merged either partially or entirely forming four merged minor phylogroups. The genetic connectivity between PNG and northern Australian isolates and absence of detectable recombination within either group suggests that PRSV isolates from East Timor, rather than PNG, might pose a biosecurity threat to northern Australian agriculture should they prove more virulent than those already present.
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Hui, Huang, and Yanying Lu. "Interactions of cultural identity and turn-taking organisation." Chinese Language and Discourse 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2013): 229–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cld.4.2.03hua.
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Conversation Analysis (CA) has been used to reveal cultural groups with which an individual identifies him- or herself as interactants are found to practice identity group categories in discourse. In this study, a CA approach — the organisation of turn-taking in particular — was adopted to explore how a senior Chinese immigrant in Australia perceived her own identity through naturally occurring conversations with two local secondary school students, one being a non-Chinese-background English monolingual and the other a Chinese-background Cantonese-English bilingual. How the senior initiated and allocated her turns in four conversations is taken to reflect the way in which she perceived herself and her relationship with her interlocutor(s). The findings suggest that the senior’s cultural identity is not static but emerging and constructed in the conversations with her interlocutors over interactive activities. As such, this study contributes to our understanding of the nature of identity and the role of conversational interaction in negotiating cultural identities.
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Muttaqin, Ahmad, Achmad Zainal Arifin, and Firdaus Wajdi. "Problems, Challenges and Prospects of Indonesian Muslim Community in Sydney for Promoting Tolerance." KOMUNITAS: International Journal of Indonesian Society and Culture 8, no. 2 (August 22, 2016): 169–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/komunitas.v8i2.5971.
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This paper elucidates a map of Indonesian Muslim communities around Sydney in order to observe the possibility to promote a moderate and tolerance of Indonesian Islam worldwide. Indonesian Muslims who live in Australia are relatively small if we consider that we are the closer neighbor of Australia and have the biggest Muslim populations in the world. Most Indonesian Muslim communities in Sydney are in a form of kelompok pengajian (Islamic study group), which is commonly based on ethnicity, regionalism (province and regency), and religious affiliation with Indonesian Islamic groups. The main problems of Indonesian Muslim communities in Sydney are an ambiguous identity, laziness integration, and dream to home country. Most Indonesian Muslim diaspora in Sydney only consider Australia as the land for making money. Therefore, their inclusion to Australian community is just being Indonesian Muslim in Australia and it seems hard for them to be Australian Muslim, especially in the case of those who already changed to be Australian citizens. This kind of diaspora attitude differs from Muslims Diasporas from the Middle East and South Asia countries who are mostly ready to be fully Australian Muslim.Naturally, most Indonesian Muslim communities put their emphasis to develop their community based on social needs and try to avoid political idea of Islamism. In this case, the Indonesian government, through the Indonesian Consulate in Sydney, has great resources to promote moderate and tolerant views of Indonesian Islam to other Muslim communities, as well as to Western media. In optimizing resources of Indonesian Muslim communities in Sydney to envoy Indonesian cultures and policies, it is necessary for Indonesian government to have a person with integrated knowledge on Islamic Studies who are working officially under the Indonesian consulate in Sydney. It is based on the fact that most Indonesian Muslim communities needs a patron from the government to manage and soften some differences among them, especially related to problems of identities, as well as to link them with the wider Australian communities.
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Mackie, Joanne, Ellena Higgins, Grant A. Chambers, Len Tesoriero, Ramez Aldaoud, Geoff Kelly, Wycliff M. Kinoti, Brendan C. Rodoni, and Fiona E. Constable. "Genome Analysis of Melon Necrotic Spot Virus Incursions and Seed Interceptions in Australia." Plant Disease 104, no. 7 (July 2020): 1969–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-19-0846-re.
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Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV) was detected in field-grown Cucumis melo (rockmelon) and Citrullus lanatus (watermelon) plants in the Sunraysia district of New South Wales and Victoria, Australia, in 2012, 2013, and 2016, and in two watermelon seed lots tested at the Australian border in 2016. High-throughput sequencing was used to generate near full-length genomes of six isolates detected during the incursions and seed testing. Phylogenetic analysis of the genomes suggests that there have been at least two incursions of MNSV into Australia and none of the field isolates were the same as the isolates detected in seeds. The analysis indicated that one watermelon field sample (L10), the Victorian rockmelon field sample, and two seed interception samples may have European origins. The results showed that two isolates (L8 and L9) from watermelon were divergent from the type MNSV strain (MNSV-GA, D12536.2) and had 99% nucleotide identity to two MNSV isolates from human stool collected in the United States (KY124135.1, KY124136.1). These isolates also had high nucleotide pairwise identity (96%) to a partial sequence from a Spanish MNSV isolate (KT962848.1). The analysis supported the identification of three previously described MNSV genotype groups: EU-LA, Japan melon, and Japan watermelon. To account for the greater diversity of hosts and geographic regions of the MNSV isolates used in this study, it is suggested that the genotype groups EU-LA, Japan melon, and Japan watermelon be renamed to groups I, II, and III, respectively. The divergent isolates L8 and L9 from this study and the stool isolates from the United States formed a fourth genotype group, group IV. Soil collected from the site of the Victorian rockmelon MNSV outbreak was found to contain viable MNSV and the virus vector, a chytrid fungus, Olpidium bornovanus (Sahtiyanci) Karling, 18 months after the initial MNSV detection. This is a first report of O. bornovanus from soil sampled from an MNSV-contaminated site in Australia.
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Mannion, Patrick. "Towards a ‘world-wide empire of the Gael’: nationalism, identity, and the Hibernian Australasian Catholic Benefit Society, 1912–22." Irish Historical Studies 46, no. 169 (May 2022): 52–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2022.3.
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AbstractIn the early twentieth century, Irish ethnic, benevolent and mutual benefit associations around the world became part of the transnational fight for Irish freedom, utilising large, widespread memberships to raise funds and lobby for Irish independence. In Australia and New Zealand the largest such group was the Hibernian Australasian Catholic Benefit Society (H.A.C.B.S.), which boasted some 41,000 members spread across almost 600 branches in 1920. The society's engagement with the home rule movement and the subsequent Irish Revolution provides a fascinating example of how the expansive spatial and intergenerational networks of Irish-Catholic benevolent associations were mobilised in full support of Irish self-determination, particularly after 1919. Members of the H.A.C.B.S. in Australia had to negotiate complex and sometimes competing identities and loyalties: to Ireland, Australia and the British Empire, and the evolution of these tensions reflects the variety and complexity of global Irish nationalism. Reflecting patterns observed elsewhere, within a context of increasing sectarian tensions, labour militancy and broad Catholic disillusionment with their political and economic place in Australasian society, the H.A.C.B.S. moved from devout imperial loyalty in 1916 to total support for a fully independent Irish republic by 1922.
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Getachew, M. A., A. Mitchell, G. M. Gurr, M. J. Fletcher, L. J. Pilkington, and A. Nikandrow. "First Report of a “Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense”-Related Strain in Lucerne (Medicago sativa) in Australia." Plant Disease 91, no. 1 (January 2007): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-91-0111a.
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Australian lucerne yellows (ALuY), a phytoplasma-associated disease, is a major problem in Australia that causes the pasture seed industry millions of dollars in losses annually (3). Samples were collected from lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) plants exhibiting symptoms indicative of ALuY (4) in a seed lucerne paddock (cv CW 5558) at Griffith, southwestern New South Wales (NSW), Australia, in November 2005 and again in January 2006. Samples were kept at 4°C and processed within 36 h of collection. Total DNA was extracted from approximately 0.3 g of leaf midribs and petioles of each plant sample and used as template in a nested PCR assay with phytoplasma universal primer pairs P1/P7 and fU5/m23sr. PCR products resulting from the first amplification were diluted (1:30) with sterile distilled water (SDW) before reamplification with fU5/m23sr. DNA of Australian tomato big bud (TBB) phytoplasma and SDW were used as positive and negative assay controls, respectively. Ten of fifteen plant samples collected in November tested positive for phytoplasma DNA. Restriction digestion profiles of nested PCR amplicons with HpaII endonuclease were the same for all symptomatic plants but differed from the control. Phytoplasma identity was determined by sequencing two nested PCR products that yielded identical sequences. One was deposited in the GenBank database (Accession No. DQ786394). BLAST analysis of the latter sequence revealed a >99.6% similarity with “Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense” (L76865) and related strains papaya dieback (Y10095), phormium yellow leaf (U43570), strawberry green petal (AJ243044), and strawberry lethal yellows (AJ243045). Direct PCR with primers FP 5′-GCATGTCGCGGTGAATAC-3′ and RY 5′-TGAGCTATAGGCCCTTAATC-3′ designed to specifically amplify DNA of “Ca. P. australiense” detected the phytoplasma in 8 of 40 samples collected in January. Whether this phytoplasma is the etiological agent solely responsible for ALuY is currently under investigation. “Ca. P. asteris” and stolbur group (16SrXII) phytoplasmas have been reported in lucerne in the United States (2) and Italy (1), respectively. Within the stolbur group 16SrXII, “Ca. P. australiense” and stolbur phytoplasma are regarded as separate species and both are distinct from “Ca. P. asteris”, a group 16SrI strain. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a “Ca. P. australiense” related strain in lucerne. References: (1) C. Marzachi et al. J. Plant Pathol. 82:201, 2000. (2) R. D. Peters et al. Plant Dis. 83:488, 1999. (3) L. J. Pilkington et al. Australas. Plant Pathol. 28:253, 1999. (4) L. J. Pilkington et al. First report of a phytoplasma associated with ‘Australian lucerne yellows’ disease. New Disease Report. Online publication at http://www.bspp.org.uk/ndr/jan2002/2001-46.asp .
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Porter, M., A. L. Todd, and L. Y. Zhang. "Ethnicity or cultural group identity of pregnant women in Sydney, Australia: Is country of birth a reliable proxy measure?" Women and Birth 29, no. 2 (April 2016): 168–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2015.10.001.
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Arabestani, Mehrdad. "The Mandaeans’ Religious System: From Mythos to Logos." Iran and the Caucasus 20, no. 3-4 (December 19, 2016): 261–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573384x-20160302.
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Mandaeans, an ethno-religious group mostly living in Iraq and Iran, are bearers of a Gnostic tradition based on the scriptures written in Madaic. As a small minority living under the threat of cultural extinction and ethnocide, Mandaeans have developed highly elaborated purification rites as the source of their group identity. The concern for group integrity is well encoded in these rituals that symbolically and practically maintain the boundaries of group identity. In a mutual relation, the rituals and Mandaean world-view comprise a cultural system characteristic of Mandaean religion. However, political instability and wars have led to the emigration of a substantive number of the Mandaeans and the formation of diasporas in Australia, Europe and North America. The Mandaean dispersion is a turning point of the people’s history. It liquefies the boundaries of group identity and puts the Mandaean identity challenge in an unprecedented paradigm. Simultaneously, it is bringing about further development in their religious system in terms of accommodation, rationalization and exegeses. These changes can be summarized as pluralism and secularization in the community, especially in the diasporas and an incipient move from mythos towards logos in the religious system.
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KAILA, LAURI. "Identity of Eumenodora encrypta Meyrick, a cryptic Australian moth (Lepidoptera:Gelechioidea)." Zootaxa 3616, no. 2 (February 19, 2013): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3616.2.5.
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A hitherto neglected gelechioid moth genus Eumenodora Meyrick (Gelechioidea: Elachistidae; Cosmopterigidae; Xyloryctidae) is redescribed. The genus, originally assigned to the Elachistidae and later transferred to the Cosmopterigidae, is monotypic. The single constituent species, E. encrypta Meyrick, 1906, has long been known only from the holotype, collected in Brisbane, Queensland (Australia). The specimen lacks its abdomen. The genus is characterized and the single recognized species redescribed based on recently collected adult males and a female. Evidence from morphology, supported by DNA sequences, is provided to support the placement of the taxon in the Hierodoris group of the Xyloryctidae, in spite of its atypical external appearance.
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Palotai, Jenő, Viktor Wetzl, and Ákos Jarjabka. "Identity Preservation and Hungarian Language Education in Diaspora Communities." Hungarian Cultural Studies 12 (August 1, 2019): 108–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ahea.2019.353.
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The main aim of our research is to provide an overview of what role language education plays in how Hungarians living in diaspora communities preserve their cultural identity. To this end we compared three Hungarian schools from three continents (North America, South America and Australia), selected by a sampling based on geographical location. We compared the similarities and differences between their educational methods according to factors predetermined by the research group. By reviewing the extant, but limited literature on this topic, the authors studied the present situation of Hungarians living abroad and the actual questions of identity preservation with special regard to language learning and preservation. These results present a detailed image of language education within the Hungarian diaspora. We also compared the educational methodology employed by the three schools based on different statistical data, such as the number of students, their cohort, student motivation as well as the role of partner institutions in the preservation of Hungarian identity. This study introduces the similarities and differences among institutions located far from one another.
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Noble-Carr, Debbie, and Elise Woodman. "Considering Identity and Meaning Constructions for Vulnerable Young People." Journal of Adolescent Research 33, no. 6 (December 28, 2016): 672–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0743558416684952.
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Identity and meaning are fundamental to human experience and are particularly pertinent during adolescence and times of adversity. While identity development and meaning making can be different for vulnerable young people, who experience multiple adverse life events, there is currently little evidence of how these young people construct identity and make meaning from their experiences. This article reports on a phenomenological study, which allowed young people to start from their own understandings of identity and meaning and explore the ways they constructed their sense of self and place in the world. Interviews were conducted with 24 young people from Canberra, Australia. The study found identity constructions were profoundly influenced by an entrenched sense of autonomy, a longing to be the opposite of what they had experienced, and the expectation of living up to their own constructions of an ideal self. The findings strengthen our understanding of identity construction for this group, highlight the value of adopting narrative approaches to identity exploration, and demonstrate the value of incorporating knowledge from the field of loss and grief. Strategies to support vulnerable young people to develop positive, coherent, and achievable identity and meaning constructions are provided.
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Cryle, Denis, and Betty Cosgrove. "Rural Reading or Reading the Rural: Everyday Print Culture in Post-War Queensland." Queensland Review 8, no. 1 (May 2001): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600002361.
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This article derives from an ongoing project to map regional print culture in twentieth-century Queensland. An essentially qualitative methodology combined survey questionnaires with selected follow-up interviews. Conscious of the focus on metropolitan reading within existing Australia Council studies (1990, 1995), we were keen to explore issues of cultural consumption, distribution, exchange and community identity in a regional context. Subsequently, however, we interrogated the notion of regionality itself and identified a reading sub-group within the larger sample of fifty responses, living outside larger regional centres like Rockhampton and Townsville. The study documents and explores reading patterns of this rural group whose experiences can all too easily be subsumed within the broader ‘regional’ category. Lyons' and Taksa's valuable study of New South Wales, Australian Readers Remember, makes this assumption, admitting to ‘a definite bias in favour of Sydney at the expense of country districts’ while acknowledging that ‘cultural attitudes differ in rural environments’ (1992: 22–23).
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Douglass, Caitlin H., Cassandra J. C. Wright, Angela C. Davis, and Megan S. C. Lim. "Non-consensual sharing of personal sexually explicit imagery among young people in Australia: results from an online survey." Sexual Health 17, no. 2 (2020): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh19147.
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Consensual sharing of personal sexually explicit imagery (SEI) is part of young people’s sexual practise; however, harms arise if content is shared without consent. Australians aged 15–29 years were recruited for an online survey. Participants indicated if they had ever sent SEI of themselves to someone else, received SEI directly from the person in the imagery and whether they thought it was illegal to forward SEI without consent. Participants reported whether anyone shared their SEI without permission, if they told people, made official reports or if there were consequences for perpetrator(s). Logistic regression was used to identify associations between victimisation, gender, age group, sexual identity and knowledge of SEI-related law. In total, 1007 participants (65% female, mean age 23 years, 67% heterosexual) were recruited; 63% sent personal SEI to another person, 71% received SEI from the person pictured and 77% correctly identified it is illegal to forward SEI without consent. Thirteen percent (n = 126) indicated another person forwarded personal SEI without consent. In univariate analysis, victimisation was associated with identifying as non-heterosexual (odds ratio = 1.51, confidence interval = 1.03–2.22), but was independent from age group, gender and knowledge. In multivariate analysis, sexual identity, age group, gender and knowledge were not significantly associated with victimisation. Among participants who experienced non-consensual sharing of personal SEI, 63% told friends, 10% told family, 93% made no official report and 94% reported no consequences for perpetrator(s). Initiatives are needed to promote legal rights and enable young people to seek support.
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Douglass, Caitlin H., Aidan Borthwick, Megan S. C. Lim, Bircan Erbas, Senem Eren, and Peter Higgs. "Social Media and Online Digital Technology Use Among Muslim Young People and Parents: Qualitative Focus Group Study." JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting 5, no. 2 (May 10, 2022): e36858. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/36858.
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Background Digital technology and social media use are common among young people in Australia and worldwide. Research suggests that young people have both positive and negative experiences online, but we know little about the experiences of Muslim communities. Objective This study aims to explore the positive and negative experiences of digital technology and social media use among young people and parents from Muslim backgrounds in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Methods This study involved a partnership between researchers and a not-for-profit organization that work with culturally and linguistically diverse communities. We adopted a participatory and qualitative approach and designed the research in consultation with young people from Muslim backgrounds. Data were collected through in-person and online focus groups with 33 young people aged 16-22 years and 15 parents aged 40-57 years. Data were thematically analyzed. Results We generated 3 themes: (1) maintaining local and global connections, (2) a paradoxical space: identity, belonging and discrimination, and (3) the digital divide between young Muslims and parents. Results highlighted that social media was an important extension of social and cultural connections, particularly during COVID-19, when people were unable to connect through school or places of worship. Young participants perceived social media as a space where they could establish their identity and feel a sense of belonging. However, participants were also at risk of being exposed to discrimination and unrealistic standards of beauty and success. Although parents and young people shared some similar concerns, there was a large digital divide in online experiences. Both groups implemented strategies to reduce social media use, with young people believing that having short technology-free breaks during prayer and quality family time was beneficial for their mental well-being. Conclusions Programs that address technology-related harms must acknowledge the benefits of social media for young Muslims across identity, belonging, representation, and social connection. Further research is required to understand how parents and young people can create environments that foster technology-free breaks to support mental well-being.
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Goslett, Mary, and Vanessa Beavan. "Ngara Dyin." International Journal of Critical Indigenous Studies 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcis.v10i1.146.
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The marginalised position and unequal health status of Aboriginal people in Australia are a direct consequence of the trauma and dispossession of colonisation. Aboriginal women experience even greater levels of distress and ill health than Aboriginal men, and are more disadvantaged than any other group of women in Australia. While strength of cultural identity leads to increased social and emotional wellbeing (SEWB) and reduced socioeconomic hardship, Aboriginal people in urban and regional areas suffer greater discrimination and resultant psychological stress than those in remote areas; they are additionally subjected to accusations of inauthenticity. Improving Aboriginal women’s SEWB is pivotal in advancing Aboriginal SEWB overall. This research has explored nine regional Aboriginal women’s experiences of culture and identity by a process of deeply listening to each woman: Ngara Dyin (Dharawal language). The aim was to discern means to strengthen cultural attachment and enhance positive cultural identity for this group of women, and consequently their community. Through the process of interpretive phenomenological analysis, seven interdependent overarching themes were developed: walking and talking black; it’s not easy growing up in a white society; we sit down and listen; connection to Country; strong black women; the way forward; and, wanting that magic. Decolonising approaches to increasing Aboriginal women’s SEWB dictate that understandings of culture and identity must be informed and guided by the very people whose experience is being sought, and these women clearly indicate the need for strengthened cultural connection through funded gatherings and connections with senior women from remote areas.
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Hugouvieux-Cotte-Pattat, Nicole, Céline Brochier-Armanet, Jean-Pierre Flandrois, and Sylvie Reverchon. "Dickeya poaceiphila sp. nov., a plant-pathogenic bacterium isolated from sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum)." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 4508–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004306.
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The genus Dickeya is an important group of plant pathogens that currently comprises 10 recognized species. Although most Dickeya isolates originated from infected cultivated plants, they are also isolated from water. The genomic sequence of the Australian strain NCPPB 569T clearly established its separation from the previously characterized Dickeya species. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values obtained by comparing strain NCPPB 569T with strains of characterized Dickeya species were lower than 87 and 32 %, respectively, supporting the delineation of a new species. The name Dickeya poaceiphila sp. nov. is proposed for this taxon with the type strain NCPPB 569T (=CFBP 8731T). Two other strains isolated in Australia, CFBP 1537 and CFBP 2040, also belong to this species. Phenotypic and genomic comparisons enabled the identification of traits distinguishing D. poaceiphila isolates from strains of other Dickeya species.