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Miller, Faith G., T. Chris Riley-Tillman, Sandra M. Chafouleas, and Alyssa A. Schardt. "Direct Behavior Rating Instrumentation." Assessment for Effective Intervention 42, no. 2 (July 24, 2016): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534508416658007.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of two different Direct Behavior Rating–Single Item Scale (DBR-SIS) formats on rating accuracy. A total of 119 undergraduate students participated in one of two study conditions, each utilizing a different DBR-SIS scale format: one that included percentage of time anchors on the DBR-SIS scale and an explicit reference to duration of the target behavior (percent group) and one that did not include percentage anchors nor a reference to duration of the target behavior (no percent group). Participants viewed nine brief video clips and rated student behavior using one of the two DBR-SIS formats. Rating accuracy was determined by calculating the absolute difference between participant ratings and two criterion measures: systematic direct observation scores and DBR-SIS expert ratings. Statistically significant differences between groups were found on only two occasions, pertaining to ratings of academically engaged behavior. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed.
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Meena, Ritu, and Sonajharia Minz. "Group Recommender Systems – An Evolutionary Approach Based on Multi-expert System for Consensus." Journal of Intelligent Systems 29, no. 1 (November 20, 2018): 1092–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2018-0081.
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Abstract Recommender systems have focused on algorithms for a recommendation for individuals. However, in many domains, it may be recommending an item, for example, movies, restaurants etc. for a group of persons for which some remarkable group recommender systems (GRSs) has been developed. GRSs satisfy a group of people optimally by considering the equal weighting of the individual preferences. We have proposed a multi-expert scheme (MES) for group recommendation using genetic algorithm (GA) MES-GRS-GA that depends on consensus techniques to further improve group recommendations. In order to deal with this problem of GRS, we also propose a consensus scheme for GRSs where consensus from multiple experts are brought together to make a single recommended list of items in which each expert represents an individual inside the group. The proposed GA based consensus scheme is modeled as many consensus schemes within two phases. In the consensus phase, we have applied GA to obtain the maximum utility offer for each expert and generated the most appropriate rating for each item in the group. In the recommendation generation phase, again GA has been employed to produce the resulting group profile, i.e. the list of ratings with the minimum sum of distances from the group members. Finally, the results of computational experiments that bear close resemblance to real-world scenarios are presented and compared to baseline GRS techniques that illustrate the superiority of the proposed model.
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Cleary, James F., Hibah Osman, Nahla Gafer, Sudip Shrestha, Zipporah Ali, and Sarah B. Temin. "ASCO Guideline report: Palliative Care in the Global Setting—ASCO Resource-Stratified Practice Guideline." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 34_suppl (December 1, 2018): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.34_suppl.85.
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85 Background: The purpose of the new ASCO resource-stratified guideline on global palliative care (Osman H, Shrestha S, Temin S, et al, Palliative Care in the Global Setting: ASCO Resource-Stratified Practice Guideline, JGO, 2018) is to provide expert guidance to clinicians and policymakers on implementing palliative care in resource-constrained settings and was intended to complement the 2016 “Integration of Palliative Care Into Standard Oncology Care: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline Update”. Methods: ASCO convened a multidisciplinary, multinational panel of experts. Guideline development involved a systematic review, a modified ADAPTE process of existing high-quality guidelines and a formal consensus-based process with the expert panel and additional experts (consensus ratings group), as well as open comment. Results: The systematic review included 48 full-text publications regarding palliative care in resource-constrained settings, along with cost-effectiveness analyses; the evidence for many clinical questions was limited. These provided indirect evidence to inform the formal consensus process, which resulted in agreement of ≥ 75% (by consensus ratings group including expert panel). Conclusions: The recommendations help define: the models of care, staffing requirements, and roles and training needs of team members in a variety of resource settings for palliative care. Recommendations also outline the standards for provision of psychosocial support, spiritual care, and opioid analgesics, which can be particularly challenging and often overlooked in resource-constrained settings.
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Liu, Lili, Phyllis Schneider, and Masako Miyazaki. "The Effectiveness of Using Simulated Patients versus Videotapes of Simulated Patients to Teach Clinical Skills to Occupational and Physical Therapy Students." Occupational Therapy Journal of Research 17, no. 3 (July 1997): 159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153944929701700301.
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Seventy-three occupational and physical therapy students participated in two seminars. In one seminar, students interacted directly with a simulated patient; in the other, students viewed a videotape of a simulated patient interacting with a clinician. Each student submitted the following for each seminar: a list of problems and treatment plans, a rating form indicating satisfaction with group participation, and a rating form indicating satisfaction with topics covered. Within-group comparisons showed that identification of patient problems by the students tended to agree with expert clinicians in the simulated patient condition when compared with the videotape condition although this difference failed to reach significance ( P=0.056). More of the student treatment plans agreed with expert clinicians in the videotape condition when compared with the simulated patient condition ( P<0.01). Both group process and content ratings in the simulated patient condition exceeded those in the videotape condition.
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Cao, Li Jun, Xiang Mei Yu, and Dong Yang Geng. "Subway Station Group Decision and Evaluation of Fire Emergency." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 1408–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.1408.
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In order to build subway station fire emergency group decision-making system, Aim at the subway station fire characteristics in this paper, analyze the problems of emphasis from emergency decision, and group decision method is proposed to use to solve this problem. The method can avoid failure of the overall decision making mistakes because a single decision maker. Found of decision-making group consist of experts, academics, policy-makers, considering several key factor such as professional, academic, expert ratings, weight, to build group decision model .At the same time, evaluation of the subway station fire emergency group decision effectiveness to build subway station fire emergency response system, Ultimately improve the efficiency of emergency response and level of decision-making for subway station.
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Wickens, Christopher D., Anne Collins McLaughlin, John Keller, and Jie Tan. "Task Switching in Rock Climbing: Validation of a Computational Model for Different Skill Levels." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 62, no. 1 (September 2018): 651–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931218621149.
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Thirty-two rock climbers, all self-identifying as capable of lead climbing (place protective gear in the rock, to mitigate the risks of falling), climbed an outdoor route while placing what they believed was the necessary amount of protection. Cameras recorded the percentage of time they spent climbing upward (productivity) relative to placing protection (safety). We then applied STOM (strategic task overload model) to predict percent time-on-task, using the differences in their ratings of task interest, task priority, and task difficulty as predictors. The model significantly predicted time on task for the participants categorized as experts, but not for those categorized as non-experts. Time on the climbing (versus protection) task for the expert group, but not the non-expert group, was also predicted by a derived measure inferred to assess risk tolerance in climbing.
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Qi, Zhen, Li-ping Tu, Zhi-yu Luo, Xiao-juan Hu, Ling-zhi Zeng, Wen Jiao, Xu-xiang Ma, et al. "Tongue Image Database Construction Based on the Expert Opinions: Assessment for Individual Agreement and Methods for Expert Selection." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2018 (October 2, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8491057.
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This study aims at introducing a method for individual agreement evaluation to identify the discordant raters from the experts’ group. We exclude those experts and decide the best experts selection method, so as to improve the reliability of the constructed tongue image database based on experts’ opinions. Fifty experienced experts from the TCM diagnostic field all over China were invited to give ratings for 300 randomly selected tongue images. Gwet’s AC1 (first-order agreement coefficient) was used to calculate the interrater and intrarater agreement. The optimization of the interrater agreement and the disagreement score were put forward to evaluate the external consistency for individual expert. The proposed method could successfully optimize the interrater agreement. By comparing three experts’ selection methods, the interrater agreement was, respectively, increased from 0.53 [0.32-0.75] for original one to 0.64 [0.39-0.80] using method A (inclusion of experts whose intrarater agreement>0.6), 0.69 [0.63-0.81] using method B (inclusion of experts whose disagreement score=“0”), and 0.76 [0.67-0.83] using method C (inclusion of experts whose intrarater agreement>0.6& disagreement score=“0”). In this study, we provide an estimate of external consistency for individual expert, and the comprehensive consideration of both the internal consistency and the external consistency for each expert would be superior to either one in the tongue image construction based on expert opinions.
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Raith, Corinna Petra, and Stefan Koch. "Perceived Quality of Online Encyclopedias." International Journal of Social Media and Online Communities 11, no. 1 (January 2019): 48–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsmoc.2019010104.
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This study illustrates how different user groups perceive and evaluate the content quality of Wikipedia articles as compared to entries of a traditional encyclopedia. Therefore, an experimental set-up was used with blinded articles of different topic fields from the German Wikipedia and Brockhaus online, evaluated by experts with different backgrounds (university vs. practice) and by students of the field. The findings showed that the quality of both encyclopedias was assessed similarly (intra-group evaluations), although more faults and mistakes were criticized in the Wikipedia sample. However, the inter-group comparison revealed differences in the groups' quality perceptions. This partly applied to the comparison of the expert groups, and especially to the comparison of expert and (non-expert) student evaluations. Students tended to give better ratings, especially within the Wikipedia sample. Most noticeable, they did not detect any content-related faults in both sets, highlighting that further training is needed to improve their information literacy.
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Osman, Hibah, Sudip Shrestha, Sarah Temin, Zipporah V. Ali, Rumalie A. Corvera, Henry D. Ddungu, Liliana De Lima, et al. "Palliative Care in the Global Setting: ASCO Resource-Stratified Practice Guideline." Journal of Global Oncology, no. 4 (December 2018): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.00026.
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Purpose The purpose of this new resource-stratified guideline is to provide expert guidance to clinicians and policymakers on implementing palliative care of patients with cancer and their caregivers in resource-constrained settings and is intended to complement the Integration of Palliative Care Into Standard Oncology Care: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline Update of 2016. Methods ASCO convened a multidisciplinary, multinational panel of experts in medical oncology, family medicine, radiation oncology, hematology/oncology, palliative and/or hospice care, pain and/or symptom management, patient advocacy, public health, and health economics. Guideline development involved a systematic literature review, a modified ADAPTE process, and a formal consensus-based process with the Expert Panel and additional experts (consensus ratings group). Results The systematic review included 48 full-text publications regarding palliative care in resource-constrained settings, along with cost-effectiveness analyses; the evidence for many clinical questions was limited. These provided indirect evidence to inform the formal consensus process, which resulted in agreement of ≥ 75% (by consensus ratings group including Expert Panel). Recommendations The recommendations help define the models of care, staffing requirements, and roles and training needs of team members in a variety of resource settings for palliative care. Recommendations also outline the standards for provision of psychosocial support, spiritual care, and opioid analgesics, which can be particularly challenging and often overlooked in resource-constrained settings. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/resource-stratified-guidelines . It is the view of ASCO that health care providers and health care system decision makers should be guided by the recommendations for the highest stratum of resources available. The guideline is intended to complement but not replace local guidelines.
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Harris, Anthony D., Lisa Pineles, Deverick Anderson, Keith F. Woeltje, William E. Trick, Keith S. Kaye, Deborah S. Yokoe, Ann-Christine Nyquist, David P. Calfee, and Surbhi Leekha. "Which Comorbid Conditions Should We Be Analyzing as Risk Factors for Healthcare-Associated Infections?" Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 38, no. 4 (December 29, 2016): 449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2016.314.
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OBJECTIVETo determine which comorbid conditions are considered causally related to central-line associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) and surgical-site infection (SSI) based on expert consensus.DESIGNUsing the Delphi method, we administered an iterative, 2-round survey to 9 infectious disease and infection control experts from the United States.METHODSBased on our selection of components from the Charlson and Elixhauser comorbidity indices, 35 different comorbid conditions were rated from 1 (not at all related) to 5 (strongly related) by each expert separately for CLABSI and SSI, based on perceived relatedness to the outcome. To assign expert consensus on causal relatedness for each comorbid condition, all 3 of the following criteria had to be met at the end of the second round: (1) a majority (>50%) of experts rating the condition at 3 (somewhat related) or higher, (2) interquartile range (IQR)≤1, and (3) standard deviation (SD)≤1.RESULTSFrom round 1 to round 2, the IQR and SD, respectively, decreased for ratings of 21 of 35 (60%) and 33 of 35 (94%) comorbid conditions for CLABSI, and for 17 of 35 (49%) and 32 of 35 (91%) comorbid conditions for SSI, suggesting improvement in consensus among this group of experts. At the end of round 2, 13 of 35 (37%) and 17 of 35 (49%) comorbid conditions were perceived as causally related to CLABSI and SSI, respectively.CONCLUSIONSOur results have produced a list of comorbid conditions that should be analyzed as risk factors for and further explored for risk adjustment of CLABSI and SSI.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:449–454
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Hart, Alexander, Mariana Toma, Fadi Issa, and Noelle Neault. "Developing Cultural Awareness Curricular Competencies for Humanitarian Non-Governmental Organization Staff." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 36, no. 6 (October 1, 2021): 669–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x21000996.
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AbstractBackground:Cultural awareness is an important part of organizational success when interacting with multiple cultures. Research has shown a dearth of standardized cultural awareness training programs for non-governmental humanitarian organization staff.Purpose:This study aims to develop an expert-consensus set of cultural awareness competencies as the basis for development of humanitarian staff cultural awareness trainings.Methods:A modified Delphi process was selected. The first round of surveys collected a list of cultural awareness competencies from experts in the fields of non-governmental organization (NGO) operations and cultural awareness education and research. This collated list of competencies was then used as the basis of a survey obtaining ratings by the group on a five-point Likert scale. Competencies which achieved an average rating of 4.0 or higher were considered to be “important” for inclusion in future training programs.Results:A total of 67.9% of contacted experts agreed to participate, with 84.2% of those completing all rounds of the survey. This group developed a list of ten competencies, including: Cultural Awareness/Sensitivity and Intercultural Communication; Cultural Intelligence; Unconscious Bias/Diversity Awareness; a Universal Declaration of Ethical Principles; Gender and Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and Other Sexual Identities (LGBTQ+) Issues and Safety; Analytical and Critical Thinking Skills; Negotiation; Program Mission; Power Dynamics; and Empathy.Conclusions:This study defined a set of ten expert-consensus cultural awareness competencies which can be a basis for future NGO staff training. Future work can both use these competencies to create educational programs and further define and expand the set of competencies based on analyses of their implementation.
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Bertamini, Marco, and Michele Sinico. "A Study of Objects With Smooth or Sharp Features Created as Line Drawings by Individuals Trained in Design." Empirical Studies of the Arts 39, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0276237419897048.
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There is a long history of studies of shape preference using simple abstract two-dimensional shapes. The evidence has confirmed a preference for symmetry, high contrast, and smoothness over asymmetry, low contrast, and angularity. However, the evidence about the role of culture and expertise is inconclusive. We asked a group of 56 expert designers (studying at the IUAV) to draw seven objects on paper and for each provide two versions: a smooth version and an angular version. These stimuli therefore show everyday objects, freely chosen by the authors, drawn with novel shapes. Next, we presented these stimuli to nonexperts. We collected ratings for seven characteristics (“ugly/beautiful, dark/light, complex/simple, heavy/light, old/modern, dangerous/safe, and asymmetrical/symmetrical”) from naive observers ( n = 174). The analysis of the rating data confirmed a link between smoothness and beauty as well as a few other associations. We made the database (772 images) including the average ratings openly available to other researchers.
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Muñoz, J., E. Mendoza, M. D. Fresneda, G. Carballo, and I. Ramirez. "Perceptual Analysis in Different Voice Samples: Agreement and Reliability." Perceptual and Motor Skills 94, no. 3_suppl (June 2002): 1187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2002.94.3c.1187.
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The objective of this study was to estimate the agreement and reliability of voice evaluation by a group of expert listeners using the central portion of a sustained vowel and a fragment of connected speech as voice samples. Ratings were made using Wilson's Buffalo III Voice Screening Profile. Analysis showed that intraindividual listeners' agreement presented variability in the evaluation of both voice samples. In the evaluation of the central portion of the sustained vowel, intraindividual listener agreement was moderate for breathiness, hyponasal resonance, and overall voice rating; in connected speech, agreement was moderate for most voice qualities (breathy, rough, high/low pitch, and hyponasal resonance). Finally, Wilson's Buffalo III Voice Screening Profile presented good reliability values for both voice samples, with overall voice rating achieving higher values (.90) than any other voice-quality variable.
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Strosberg, Jonathan R., George A. Fisher, Al B. Benson, Jennifer L. Malin, Lowell Brian Anthony, Bulent Arslan, John F. Gibbs, et al. "Medical treatment consensus in unresectable midgut gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): e14610-e14610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e14610.
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e14610 Background: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) comprise mostly carcinoid or pancreatic NETs and are rare with symptoms that may be difficult to control. Current treatment guidelines lack some specificity. We summarize an expert panel consensus on medical treatment of well-differentiated unresectable midgut NETs. Methods: Consensus statements were developed via RAND/UCLA Delphi process, which involved a diverse group of physician experts (e.g., by specialty, geography, practice) developing comprehensive clinical patient scenarios and rating the scenarios on the appropriateness of various medical therapies before and after a face-to-face meeting. Experts and moderator were blinded to funding source. Scenarios were rated on a 1-9 scale and were labeled as appropriate, inappropriate, or uncertain. Scenarios with >2 ratings in 1-3 and >2 in 7-9 range were considered to have disagreement and were not assigned an appropriateness rating. Results: Panelists (age: 38-63 years) were from the northeast, midwest, south, and west regions. Specialties represented were medical and surgical oncology, interventional radiology, and gastroenterology. Panelists had practiced for a mean 15.5 years (range: 6-33). Panelists rated 202 scenarios. The proportion for which there was disagreement decreased from 11.7% (23 scenarios) before the meeting to 4.5% (9) after. Post-meeting, 49% (99 scenarios) were rated inappropriate, 29.7% (60) were uncertain, and 16.8% (34) were appropriate. Consensus statements from the scenarios included: 1) it is appropriate to use somatostatin analogs (SA) as 1st-line therapy in all patients, 2) it is appropriate to increase the dose/frequency of octreotide-LAR as 2nd-line therapy in patients with uncontrolled symptoms up to 60 mg every 4 weeks or up to 40 mg every 3 or 4 weeks for refractory carcinoid syndrome. Other treatment options may also be appropriate in 2nd-line. Conclusions: Treatment consensus obtained in this study is concordant with NCCN recommendations. The Delphi process allowed quantification of ratings in a systematic and reliable way while improving consensus in a group of physicians on the appropriateness of medical therapies in midgut NETs.
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Wong, Denise Wai-Man, Roger W. Chan, and Chia-Hsin Wu. "Effect of Training With Anchors on Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Dysphonia in Speech-Language Pathology Students." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 64, no. 4 (April 14, 2021): 1136–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00214.
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Purpose Auditory-perceptual evaluation is essential for the clinical assessment of voice disorders. Unstable perceptual voice evaluation has been shown for inexperienced listeners as compared to expert listeners. We examined the effects of perceptual training with external auditory anchors with and without immediate feedback on the evaluation of roughness and breathiness of natural, nonsynthesized speech stimuli (reading of a standard passage) in speech-language pathology students. Method Perceptual voice evaluation and training with anchors using a visual analog scale was implemented with a computer software. Forty-eight speech-language pathology students were randomly assigned into three groups, feedback group (Group F), no feedback group (Group NF), and control group (Group C), attending one training session and four assessment sessions (before training, immediately after training, and 1 and 7 weeks after training). Group F received training with anchors with immediate feedback, Group NF received training without immediate feedback, and Group C received sham training (exposure session). Results Training with anchors significantly increased the rating accuracy (agreement with expert ratings) on both roughness and breathiness for Group F, with the effects lasting for 7 weeks. No significant changes in rating accuracy with training were observed for Group NF and Group C. No improvements in intra- and interrater reliability as well as intrarater agreement were observed in all three groups, whereas interrater agreement on breathiness (but not roughness) significantly increased for all groups, with the effect lasting for 7 weeks only for Group F. Conclusions These findings suggested that perceptual training with external auditory anchors and the use of immediate feedback could be effective for facilitating the development of perceptual voice evaluation skills in speech-language pathology students. Further studies involving more extensive training with stimuli covering a full range of dysphonia severity categories and improvements in design of the training protocol are recommended to verify these results.
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Ramakrishna, Naren, Sarah Temin, Sarat Chandarlapaty, Jennie R. Crews, Nancy E. Davidson, Francisco J. Esteva, Sharon H. Giordano, et al. "Recommendations on Disease Management for Patients With Advanced Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Positive Breast Cancer and Brain Metastases: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline." Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, no. 19 (July 1, 2014): 2100–2108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.54.0955.
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Purpose To provide formal expert consensus–based recommendations to practicing oncologists and others on the management of brain metastases for patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) –positive advanced breast cancer. Methods The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) convened a panel of medical oncology, radiation oncology, guideline implementation, and advocacy experts and conducted a systematic review of the literature. When that failed to yield sufficiently strong quality evidence, the Expert Panel undertook a formal expert consensus–based process to produce these recommendations. ASCO used a modified Delphi process. The panel members drafted recommendations, and a group of other experts joined them for two rounds of formal ratings of the recommendations. Results No studies or existing guidelines met the systematic review criteria; therefore, ASCO conducted a formal expert consensus–based process. Recommendations Patients with brain metastases should receive appropriate local therapy and systemic therapy, if indicated. Local therapies include surgery, whole-brain radiotherapy, and stereotactic radiosurgery. Treatments depend on factors such as patient prognosis, presence of symptoms, resectability, number and size of metastases, prior therapy, and whether metastases are diffuse. Other options include systemic therapy, best supportive care, enrollment onto a clinical trial, and/or palliative care. Clinicians should not perform routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to screen for brain metastases, but rather should have a low threshold for MRI of the brain because of the high incidence of brain metastases among patients with HER2-positive advanced breast cancer.
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Mikhaylova, Anna A., and Evgeny N. Timushev. "Determinants of Credit Ratings of Russia’s Regions." REGIONOLOGY 29, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 355–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2413-1407.115.029.202102.355-379.
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Introduction. A credit rating reflects the degree of debt sustainability of the region, but the issue of its factors at the regional level has been under-researched. The article is based on the conducted study and reveals the major factors that influenced the assignment of credit ratings by Russian and international rating agencies to the regions of Russia. Materials and Methods. The methodology of both Russian (ACRA and Expert RA) and foreign (Fitch Ratings, S&P Global Ratings, and Moody's Investors Service) rating agencies were analyzed. Factor and correlation analysis was used to group the factors; their quantitative indicators were selected. Ordinal and multinomial logistic regressions (logits) were used to test the explanatory power of the factors. Results. The negative impact on the rating of the factors of debt, deficit, and the size of the public sector, as well as the positive impact of the size and dynamics of the region’s economy has been corroborated. The negative impact of poverty, as well as the positive impact of life expectancy and the size of capital budget expenditures has been highlighted. Differences in using the indicator of the region’s dependence on subsidies have been revealed: it has been regarded as an insignificant factor by international agencies, but as a negative one by Russian agencies. Discussion and Conclusion. The authors have established that Russian agencies give priority to quantitative budget indicators, while international ones give priority to traditional economic indicators. The identified significance of the indicators of life expectancy and poverty has become a particularly valuable result as it indicates a direct dependence of the credit rating on the quality of life in the region. The results obtained make it possible to formulate regional budget policy measures aimed at reducing credit risk, expanding debt financing, and increasing the effectiveness of budget policy. The results of the study will be useful not only in the practice of public administration, but also in further scientific research, as they open the way to the analysis of the interdependence between the credit rating and countercyclical fiscal policy measures, as well as to clarify the role of other factors in creditworthiness, especially those of an institutional nature.
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Prihartono, Nurhayati. "Perbandingan Dua Metode Estimasi Pajanan Pestisida di Tempat Kerja." Kesmas: National Public Health Journal 4, no. 5 (April 1, 2010): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.21109/kesmas.v4i5.171.
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Informasi yang valid tentang pajanan masa lalu mungkin sulit didapat dari wawancara individu. Peran ahli seperti higiene industri atau pertanian dalam mengestimasi pajanan pestisida dengan menggunakan jenis pekerjaan dapat meningkatkan validitas data pajanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan pajanan pestisida ditempat kerja yang ditentukan berdasarkan laporan individu dan ahli, serta mempelajari pola perbedaan tingkat pajanan dari keduametode tersebut. Laporan individu berasal dari studi kasus kontrol tentang anemia aplastik di Thailand. Estimasi ahli digunakan untuk menentukan tingkat pajanan terhadap 4 jenis pestisida pada setiap 476 jenis pekerjaan. Instrumen standar dibuat berdasarkan probabilitas pajanan, frekuensi, intensitas dan keyakinan diri dalam menentukan pajanan. Penelitian ini menemukan kesesuaian yang buruk tentang pajanan yang ditentukan oleh kedua metode. Petani padi merupakan kelompok pekerja terbesar yang dinyatakan terpajan ke empat pestisida oleh ahli, tetapi hampir semua petani padi tidak melaporkan keterpajanan tersebut. Ada perbedaan dalam melaporkan pajanan: kelompok kasus, pria, usia muda, dan pekerja yang mempunyai penghasilan tinggi cenderung melaporkan pajanan. Dengan ketidakyakinan estimasi pajanan dari kedua metode ini, maka gabungan pajanan yang berasal dari ahli dan laporan individu akan meningkatkan kegunaan kedua metode dan meningkatkan validitas pajanan.Kata kunci : Pestisida, pajanan, estimasiAbstractObtaining valid information on past exposures from personal interview may be difficult. The role of experts such as industrial hygienists or agronomists in estimating pesticide exposures could improve the validity of data. The aims of this study are to compare occupational pesticides exposures determined by self-reports and experts, and to examine the discrepancies patterns of exposure ratings obtained by two methods. Self-report exposure information was derived from a case-control study of aplastic anemia in Thailand. Expert judgments were used to assign levels of exposure toward 4 different pesticides among 476 job titles. A standardized instrument was developed based on exposure probability, frequency, intensity and confidence rating. There was a poorappropriateness on pesticide exposure ratings obtained by two methods. Expert cited that grain farmers were the most exposed group among job titles from four pesticides; however, almost grain farmers denied the exposures. There was a discrepancy in reporting the exposure; case groups, youth, male and higher incomes were more likely to report the exposures. Due to the uncertainty of exposure estimation from the two methods, combining estimation both of expert and self-report may enhance the utility of both methods and improve the validity of exposure estimation.Key words : Pesticides, exposure, estimation
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Cecilio-Fernandes, Dario, Fokie Cnossen, Jenifer Coster, AD (Debbie) C. Jaarsma, and René A. Tio. "The Effects of Expert and Augmented Feedback on Learning a Complex Medical Skill." Perceptual and Motor Skills 127, no. 4 (March 30, 2020): 766–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031512520914680.
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Many medical skills are complex due to their requirements for integration of declarative (biomedical) knowledge with perceptual–motor and perceptual–cognitive proficiency. While feedback generally helps learners guide their actions, it is unclear how feedback supports the integration of declarative knowledge with skills. Thus, we investigated the effect of expert and augmented feedback on acquisition and retention of a complex medical skill (acquiring a transthoracic echocardiogram) in a simulation study. We randomly assigned 36 medical undergraduate students to one of three feedback sources: Expert (EF), Augmented visual (HS), and Expert plus Help Screen (EF + HS). Participants practiced until reaching proficiency. Outcome measures (knowledge test and practical skill ratings on a 5-point scale), were gathered at initial acquisition and at retention after 11 days, the time needed to obtain the images and the quality of images obtained. We divided the knowledge test into three topics: names of the images, manipulation of the probe, and anatomy of the heart. At acquisition, immediately after training, EF group participants were faster at obtaining images than participants in the two other groups. On the retention test, there were no group differences for speed of obtaining images, but the EF + HS group scored significantly higher than the other two groups on image quality. Thus, expert feedback best assisted initial acquisition and combined augmented and expert feedback best assisted retention of this complex medical task. Expert assistance reduced learners’ cognitive load during initial practice, helping learners integrate declarative knowledge with physical skills.
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Upoyo, Arif Setyo, Agis Taufik, Akhyarul Anam, Nuriya Nuriya, Saryono Saryono, Ismail Setyopranoto, and Heny Suseani Pangastuti. "Translation and Validation of the Indonesian Version of the Hypertension Self-care Profile." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, E (October 11, 2021): 980–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.7119.
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BACKGROUND: High blood pressure self-care profile (HBP-SCP) is one of the instruments that needed to evaluate education program among hypertension patients. AIM: The purpose of the study was to translate and validate HBP-SCP into Indonesian version. METHODS: This study involved translation, content validation, and psychometric testing. The first instrument was conducted forward and backward translation by experts. Seven expert reviewed the contents for consistency, clarity, difficulty, representativeness, and suitability for inclusion. Finally, instrument was tested for reliability and validity on 40 hypertensive patients using Cronbach’s alpha and Pearson’s moment product. RESULTS: The final Indonesian version of HBP-SCP included behavior, motivation, and self-efficacy that each consists of 20 items questions were valid and reliable with positive expert review ratings (content validity index 0.964), internal consistency reliability coefficient ranged from 0.911 to 0.955. Items questionnaire of Indonesian version of HBP-SCP had strong correlation and significant validity (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION: Indonesian version of HBP-SCP is a valid and reliable instrument to assess behavior, motivation, and self-efficacy among hypertension patients and evaluate group based hypertension education programs in Indonesia.
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Baležentis, Tomas, Mangirdas Morkūnas, Agnė Žičkienė, Artiom Volkov, Erika Ribašauskienė, and Dalia Štreimikienė. "Policies for Rapid Mitigation of the Crisis’ Effects on Agricultural Supply Chains: A Multi-Criteria Decision Support System with Monte Carlo Simulation." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (October 28, 2021): 11899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132111899.
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This paper proposes an integrated approach towards rapid decision-making in the agricultural sector aimed at improvement of its resilience. Methodologically, we seek to devise a framework that is able to take the uncertainty regarding policy preferences into account. Empirically, we focus on the effects of COVID-19 on agriculture. First, we propose a multi-criteria decision-making framework following the Pugh matrix approach for group decision-making. The Monte Carlo simulation is used to check the effects of the perturbations in the criteria weights. Then, we identify the factors behind agricultural resilience and organize them into the three groups (food security, agricultural viability, decent jobs). The expert survey is carried out to elicit the ratings in regard to the expected effects of the policy measures with respect to dimensions of agricultural resilience. The case of Lithuania is considered in the empirical analysis. The existing and newly proposed agricultural policy measures are taken into account. The measures related to alleviation of the financial burden (e.g., credit payment deferral) appear to be the most effective in accordance with the expert ratings.
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King, Jayde, John Kleber, Ashlee Harris, Barbara Chaparro, and Beth Blickensderfer. "Preflight Weather Decision Support Tool (PWDST): User-Centered Design Process and Usability Validation." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 63, no. 1 (November 2019): 1915–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181319631435.
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General Aviation flight operations have been negatively affected by the slow decreasing weather related accident rate for the last 20 years. Upon further investigation, research suggests, that poor preflight planning and a lack of aviation weather experience and knowledge may be contributing factors to the stagnant weather related accident rate. Our team developed a Preflight Weather Decision Support Tool (PWDST) to help novice pilots access, interpret, and apply weather information. We used a user-centered design process which involved an initial task analysis, low-fidelity prototyping, low-fidelity usability testing, user interviews and expert review. This study assessed and compared the perceived usability, difficulty, and the system assistance satisfaction of the PWDST. Participants (n=9) completed a usability study and a series of surveys during, as well as, after the completion of the preflight planning scenario. A series of Mann-Whitney U Tests were conducted to compare the difference between Private Pilot and Certified Flight Instructors (CFI) perceived usability, difficulty, and system assistance satisfaction ratings. Results indicated, there were no significant differences between group ratings. Overall, both groups reported above average usability, system assistance and low difficulty rating for the PWDST. Future research and possible implications are discussed.
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Fleming, Allison R., Heike Boeltzig-Brown, and Susan M. Foley. "Using the Delphi Method for Selecting Effective Rehabilitation Practices for Case Study Research: Methods, Challenges, and Solutions and Implications forFuture Research." Rehabilitation Research, Policy, and Education 29, no. 4 (2015): 391–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/2168-6653.29.4.391.
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Purpose: We describe a modified Delphi method used to select effective state vocational rehabilitation agency practices to prioritize rehabilitation services for individuals with most significant disabilities within the context of Order of Selection, an area where there is little known and published. Specifically, we describe how we applied the Delphi method to case study selection, the methods challenges we faced, and how we addressed those issues. Implications for future research are also discussed.Method: We used a structured nomination process to identify potential practices. An expe.rt panel (N = 12) provided input on the development of indicators of effective rehabilitation practices and rated the nominated practices.Results: Selection of the practices for case study research was based on the ratings from the expert panel, including quantitative and qualitative feedback. Of the 10 practices considered by the panel, the 7 practices with the highest ratings were included in the sample.Conclusions: Using the collective expertise of panelists through a modified Delphi process to select the final case study sample was effective for this research. The panel provided an objective, group-level perspective on the merit of the practices as well as the fit with the goals of the case study.
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Bochkov, A. V. "Method of using the transitive graph of a Markovian process as part of ranking of heterogeneous items." Dependability 21, no. 1 (March 24, 2021): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21683/1729-2646-2021-21-1-11-16.
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Hierarchy analysis developed by Thomas Saaty is a closed logical structure that uses simple and well-substantiated rules that allow solving multicriterial problems that include both quantitative, and qualitative factors, whereby the quantitative factors can differ in terms of their dimensionality. The method is based on problem decomposition and its representation as a hierarchical arrangement, which allows including into such hierarchy all the knowledge the decision-maker has regarding the problem at hand and subsequent processing of decision-makers’ judgements. As the result, the relative degree of the interaction between the elements of such hierarchy can be identified and later quantified. Hierarchy analysis includes the procedure of multiple judgement synthesis, criteria priority definition and rating of the compared alternatives. The method’s significant limitation consists in the requirement of coherence of pairwise comparison matrices for correct definition of the weights of compared alternatives. The Aim of the paper is to examine a non-conventional method of solving the problem of alternative ratings estimation based on their pairwise comparisons that arises in the process of expert preference analysis in various fields of research. Approaches are discussed to the generation of pairwise comparison matrices taking into consideration the problem of coherence of such matrices and expert competence estimation. Method. The methods of hierarchy analysis, models and methods of the Markovian process theory were used. Result. The paper suggested a method of using the transitive graph of a Markovian process as part of expert ranking of items of a certain parent entity subject to the competence and qualification of the experts involved in the pairwise comparison. It is proposed to use steady-state probabilities of a Markovian process as the correlation of priorities (weights) of the compared items. The paper sets forth an algorithm for constructing the final scale of comparison taking into consideration the experts’ level of competence. Conclusion. The decision procedures, in which the experts are expected to choose the best alternatives out of the allowable set, are quite frequently used in a variety of fields for the purpose of estimation and objective priority definition, etc. The described method can be applied not only for comparing items, but also for solving more complicated problems of expert group estimation, i.e., planning and management, prediction, etc. The use of the method contributes to the objectivity of analysis, when comparing alternatives, taking into consideration various aspects of their consequences, as well as the decision-maker’s attitude to such consequences. The suggested model-based approach allows the decision-maker identifying and adjusting his/her preferences and, consequently, choosing the decisions according to such preferences, avoiding logical errors in long and complex reasoning chains. This approach can be used in group decision-making, description of the procedures that compensate a specific expert’s insufficient knowledge by using information provided by the other experts.
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Dulin, S. K., I. N. Rozenberg, and V. I. Umansky. "On an approach to the evaluation of the latent risk of expert assessment of roadbed seismic stability." Dependability 18, no. 3 (September 5, 2018): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21683/1729-2646-2018-18-3-31-38.
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The paper aims to examine the problem of integration of the opinions of a group of experts regarding a certain probabilistic distribution for the purpose of its evaluation by an analyst. It is implied that the decision-maker will use the result to evaluate the target risks and take according decisions. This problem may arise in many areas of risk analysis. For the purpose of this paper, the stability of various structures (buildings, railways, highways, etc.) against external mechanical effects, e.g. earthquakes, is chosen as the application object domain. As the primary research tool it is suggested to use the probabilistic method of decision-making risk calculation associated with involving experts into the analysis of risk of roadbed and other structures destruction in case of earthquakes. The evaluation of the seismic stability of rail structures using expert opinions is based on the Bayesian approach. The proposed method of estimation by analyst of the probabilistic distribution (fragility curve) on the basis of the opinions of a group of experts allows, using the obtained results, formalizing and explicitly expressing the latent risk of expert assessment. The procedure developed subject to a number of limitations allowed obtaining an explicit expression for the latent risk of expert assessment. The theoretical constructs presented in this paper can be easily implemented as software that will enable interactive input of parameters and data of the model under consideration and obtaining the desired distribution and the value of “risk in risk”. Such system, on the one hand, will allow verifying some intuitive assumptions regarding the behavior of results depending on the variation of parameters, and on the other hand, will be able to be used as the tool of expert assessment automation and analysis of its quality that helps making grounded decisions under risk. Further development of the proposed method may involve the elimination of the dependence of the value of “risk in risk” from the expert assessment. Implicitly, this dependence is present in the final expression, while ideally this risk is to be determined only by the expert ratings. The proposed approach can serve as the foundation of some practical optimization problems, e.g. the selection of the best group of involved experts from the point of view of minimization of this share of risk in cases of restricted funding of expert assessment (obviously, the higher the expert’s competence, the more accurate his/her estimates are and, subsequently, the lower is the risk, yet the higher is the cost of such expert’s participation). An associated problem can be considered as well. It consists in the optimal selection of experts for the purpose of minimization of assessment costs under the specified maximum allowable level of “risk in risk”. As a whole, the proposed method of evaluation of an unknown distribution and calculation of risk is sufficiently universal and can be used in the context of mechanical stability of structures, but also a wide class of problems that involve the assessment of a certain probabilistic distribution on the basis of subjective data about it.
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Ramakrishna, Naren, Sarah Temin, Sarat Chandarlapaty, Jennie R. Crews, Nancy E. Davidson, Francisco J. Esteva, Sharon H. Giordano, et al. "Recommendations on Disease Management for Patients With Advanced Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Positive Breast Cancer and Brain Metastases: ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline Update." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 27 (September 20, 2018): 2804–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.79.2713.
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Purpose To update the formal expert consensus-based guideline recommendations for practicing oncologists and others on the management of brain metastases for patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive advanced breast cancer to 2018. Methods An Expert Panel conducted a targeted systematic literature review (for both systemic treatment and CNS metastases) and identified 622 articles. Outcomes of interest included overall survival, progression-free survival, and adverse events. In 2014, the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) convened a panel of medical oncology, radiation oncology, guideline implementation, and advocacy experts, and conducted a systematic review of the literature. When that failed to yield sufficiently strong quality evidence, the Expert Panel undertook a formal expert consensus–based process to produce these recommendations. ASCO used a modified Delphi process. The panel members drafted recommendations, and a group of other experts joined them for two rounds of formal ratings of the recommendations. Results Of the 622 publications identified and reviewed, no additional evidence was identified that would warrant a change to the 2014 recommendations. Recommendations Patients with brain metastases should receive appropriate local therapy and systemic therapy, if indicated. Local therapies include surgery, whole-brain radiotherapy, and stereotactic radiosurgery. Treatments depend on factors such as patient prognosis, presence of symptoms, resectability, number and size of metastases, prior therapy, and whether metastases are diffuse. Other options include systemic therapy, best supportive care, enrollment in a clinical trial, and/or palliative care. Clinicians should not perform routine magnetic resonance imaging to screen for brain metastases, but rather should have a low threshold for magnetic resonance imaging of the brain because of the high incidence of brain metastases among patients with HER2-positive advanced breast cancer. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/breast-cancer-guidelines .
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Ellermann, C., M. McDowell, C. O. Schirren, A. K. Lindemann, S. Koch, M. Lohmann, and M. A. Jenny. "Identifying content to improve risk assessment communications within the Risk Profile: Literature reviews and focus groups with expert and non-expert stakeholders." PLOS ONE 17, no. 4 (April 11, 2022): e0266800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266800.
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Objective To improve consumer decision making, the results of risk assessments on food, feed, consumer products or chemicals need to be communicated not only to experts but also to non-expert audiences. The present study draws on evidence from literature reviews and focus groups with diverse stakeholders to identify content to integrate into an existing risk assessment communication (Risk Profile). Methods A combination of rapid literature reviews and focus groups with experts (risk assessors (n = 15), risk managers (n = 8)), and non-experts (general public (n = 18)) were used to identify content and strategies for including information about risk assessment results in the “Risk Profile” from the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment. Feedback from initial focus groups was used to develop communication prototypes that informed subsequent feedback rounds in an iterative process. A final prototype was validated in usability tests with experts. Results Focus group feedback and suggestions from risk assessors were largely in line with findings from the literature. Risk managers and lay persons offered similar suggestions on how to improve the existing communication of risk assessment results (e.g., including more explanatory detail, reporting probabilities for individual health impairments, and specifying risks for subgroups in additional sections). Risk managers found information about quality of evidence important to communicate, whereas people from the general public found this information less relevant. Participants from lower educational backgrounds had difficulties understanding the purpose of risk assessments. User tests found that the final prototype was appropriate and feasible to implement by risk assessors. Conclusion An iterative and evidence-based process was used to develop content to improve the communication of risk assessments to the general public while being feasible to use by risk assessors. Remaining challenges include how to communicate dose-response relationships and standardise quality of evidence ratings across disciplines.
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Widyanti A. "VALIDITY AND INTER-RATER RELIABILITY OF POSTURAL ANALYSIS AMONG NEW RATERS." Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine 20, Special1 (August 1, 2020): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.20/no.special1/art.707.
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Work posture analysis is crucial in observing and reducing work-related musculoskeletal symptoms in the workplace. However, in a developing country, new raters are commonly assigned to conduct postural analysis to save on cost. This study aims to observe the validity and inter-rater reliability (defined as the degree of agreement among different raters) among new raters of three different commonly used work posture analysis methods: Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA), and Ovako Workload Assessment System (OWAS). Fifty industrial engineering students, divided into five groups, who received prior training about the use of the methods, participated voluntarily in this study by observing ten different working postures in five different industries: the tofu, military equipment manufacturing, automotive maintenance and service, cracker, and milk-processing industries. One ergonomics expert also observed the working postures. Validity was observed based on the correlation between new raters’ ratings and the rating of the ergonomics expert. Inter-rater reliability within one group was calculated using the percentage of agreement and kappa value. The result shows high validity of RULA, REBA, and OWAS among new raters. There are insignificant differences in the inter-rater reliability of new raters among RULA, REBA, and OWAS. The implications of the result are discussed.
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Hoffmann, Alexandra, Corinna A. Faust-Christmann, Gregor Zolynski, and Gabriele Bleser. "Toward Gamified Pain Management Apps: Mobile Application Rating Scale–Based Quality Assessment of Pain-Mentor’s First Prototype Through an Expert Study." JMIR Formative Research 4, no. 5 (May 26, 2020): e13170. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/13170.
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Background The use of health apps to support the treatment of chronic pain is gaining importance. Most available pain management apps are still lacking in content quality and quantity as their developers neither involve health experts to ensure target group suitability nor use gamification to engage and motivate the user. To close this gap, we aimed to develop a gamified pain management app, Pain-Mentor. Objective To determine whether medical professionals would approve of Pain-Mentor’s concept and content, this study aimed to evaluate the quality of the app’s first prototype with experts from the field of chronic pain management and to discover necessary improvements. Methods A total of 11 health professionals with a background in chronic pain treatment and 2 mobile health experts participated in this study. Each expert first received a detailed presentation of the app. Afterward, they tested Pain-Mentor and then rated its quality using the mobile application rating scale (MARS) in a semistructured interview. Results The experts found the app to be of excellent general (mean 4.54, SD 0.55) and subjective quality (mean 4.57, SD 0.43). The app-specific section was rated as good (mean 4.38, SD 0.75). Overall, the experts approved of the app’s content, namely, pain and stress management techniques, behavior change techniques, and gamification. They believed that the use of gamification in Pain-Mentor positively influences the patients’ motivation and engagement and thus has the potential to promote the learning of pain management techniques. Moreover, applying the MARS in a semistructured interview provided in-depth insight into the ratings and concrete suggestions for improvement. Conclusions The experts rated Pain-Mentor to be of excellent quality. It can be concluded that experts perceived the use of gamification in this pain management app in a positive manner. This showed that combining pain management with gamification did not negatively affect the app’s integrity. This study was therefore a promising first step in the development of Pain-Mentor.
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Holtkamp, Kristian, Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann, Claudia Mika, Martina Heer, Nicole Heussen, Manfred Fichter, Stephan Herpertz, et al. "Elevated Physical Activity and Low Leptin Levels Co-occur in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 88, no. 11 (November 1, 2003): 5169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2003-030569.
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Abstract Low leptin levels are an endocrinological hallmark of acute anorexia nervosa (AN); a subthreshold leptin secretion in adipocytes as a consequence of a reduced energy intake is presumed to be the major trigger of the adaptation of an organism to semistarvation. The aim of the current study is to define symptoms of AN that are potentially linked to low leptin levels. For this purpose, quantitative somatic and psychopathological variables were obtained in 61 inpatients with acute AN (study group 1) upon referral for inpatient treatment, and they were concomitantly blood sampled to allow determination of serum leptin levels. Correlations between these variables and logarithmic transformed (lg10) leptin levels were descriptively assessed. Apart from the well-known correlations between leptin levels and anthropometric measurements, the strongest correlation was observed between lg10 serum leptin levels and expert ratings of motor restlessness (r = −0.476; nominal P = 0.003) upon use of visual analog scales. We thus generated the hypothesis that physical activity levels in AN patients are related to serum leptin levels. This hypothesis was tested in an independent study group of 27 adolescent inpatients (study group 2) who were also assessed upon referral. Physical activity levels, which, in this study group, were assessed with the activity module of the expert rating form of the Structured Inventory for Anorexic and Bulimic Syndromes, were significantly correlated with lg10 leptin levels (r = −0.51; one-sided P = 0.006). A regression model based on the independent variables body mass index and lg10 leptin levels explained 37% of the variance of physical activity (R2 = 0.37; P = 0.003); only the lg10 leptin levels contributed significantly to the variance (P = 0.003). Our results suggest that, similar to semistarvation-induced hyperactivity in rats, hypoleptinemia in patients with AN may be one important factor underlying the excessive physical activity.
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Nekhorosheva, Elena, Leonid Denisov, Elena Alekseycheva, and Daria Kasatkina. "Health literacy in the urban health infrastructure: who maintains healthcare and how." SHS Web of Conferences 98 (2021): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219802007.
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Today we may witness a dire need to research how the urban environment influences urban health, well-being, and sustainability of local communities. The issue of urban health is closely connected with disease prevention projects and the integration of new preventive medical approaches with educational technologies. Due to a large number of responsible parties for the development of health literacy under the authority of different establishments, there is a problem to coordinate aligned activities. Thus the research of the healthcare institutions actions in health literacy development is extremely relevant. The objective of this research is to carry out an integral assessment of the degree to which the functions of preventing non-communicable diseases and developing health literacy are fulfilled by the sectors responsible for urban healthcare. The methods used in this research include a two-phase expert survey: the first group of experts (n: 24) selected the key aspects of healthcare activities, and the second group of experts (n: 35) assessed the quality of implementation of tasks by institutions in charge of disease prevention. The major problem is the lack of effective communication mechanisms in the sphere of intersectoral cooperation, informing the key disease prevention bodies of distributed responsibility, as well as state and social control of execution of laws and regulations. According to the obtained results, the state healthcare system is an important component of the health infrastructure. The functions connected with meeting the vital needs of the city population received medium-high ratings. However, the implementation of disease prevention functions by the healthcare system in Moscow was rated by experts at a low level. Besides, the experts consistently assigned an extremely low rating to the development of health literacy as one of the areas of activity covered by all sectors. To reinforce their outreach and awareness-raising work in the sphere of healthcare, executors of federal projects have to incorporate educational activities into their daily work.
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Reddy, Shalini T., Ara Tekian, Steven J. Durning, Shanu Gupta, Justin Endo, Brenda Affinati, and Yoon Soo Park. "Preliminary Validity Evidence for a Milestones-Based Rating Scale for Chart-Stimulated Recall." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 10, no. 3 (June 1, 2018): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-17-00435.1.
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ABSTRACT Background Minimally anchored Standard Rating Scales (SRSs), which are widely used in medical education, are hampered by suboptimal interrater reliability. Expert-derived frameworks, such as the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Milestones, may be helpful in defining level-specific anchors to use on rating scales. Objective We examined validity evidence for a Milestones-Based Rating Scale (MBRS) for scoring chart-stimulated recall (CSR). Methods Two 11-item scoring forms with either an MBRS or SRS were developed. Items and anchors for the MBRS were adapted from the ACGME Internal Medicine Milestones. Six CSR standardized videos were developed. Clinical faculty scored videos using either the MBRS or SRS and following a randomized crossover design. Reliability of the MBRS versus the SRS was compared using intraclass correlation. Results Twenty-two faculty were recruited for instrument testing. Some participants did not complete scoring, leaving a response rate of 15 faculty (7 in the MBRS group and 8 in the SRS group). A total of 529 ratings (number of items × number of scores) using SRSs and 540 using MBRSs were available. Percent agreement was higher for MBRSs for only 2 of 11 items—use of consultants (92 versus 75, P = .019) and unique characteristics of patients (96 versus 79, P = .011)—and the overall score (89 versus 82, P < .001). Interrater agreement was 0.61 for MBRSs and 0.51 for SRSs. Conclusions Adding milestones to our rating form resulted in significant, but not substantial, improvement in intraclass correlation coefficient. Improvement was inconsistent across items.
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Xu, Gai-Li, Shu-Ping Wan, and Xiao-Lan Xie. "A Selection Method Based on MAGDM with Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/791204.
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As the cloud computing develops rapidly, more and more cloud services appear. Many enterprises tend to utilize cloud service to achieve better flexibility and react faster to market demands. In the cloud service selection, several experts may be invited and many attributes (indicators or goals) should be considered. Therefore, the cloud service selection can be regarded as a kind of Multiattribute Group Decision Making (MAGDM) problems. This paper develops a new method for solving such MAGDM problems. In this method, the ratings of the alternatives on attributes in individual decision matrices given by each expert are in the form of interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IVIFSs) which can flexibly describe the preferences of experts on qualitative attributes. First, the weights of experts on each attribute are determined by extending the classical gray relational analysis (GRA) into IVIF environment. Then, based on the collective decision matrix obtained by aggregating the individual matrices, the score (profit) matrix, accuracy matrix, and uncertainty (risk) matrix are derived. A multiobjective programming model is constructed to determine the attribute weights. Subsequently, the alternatives are ranked by employing the overall scores and uncertainties of alternatives. Finally, a cloud service selection problem is provided to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed methods.
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Davies, Matthew, Guy Madison, Pedro Silva, and Fabien Gouyon. "The Effect of Microtiming Deviations on the Perception of Groove in Short Rhythms." Music Perception 30, no. 5 (December 2012): 497–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2013.30.5.497.
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Groove is a sensation of movement or wanting to move when we listen to certain types of music; it is central to the appreciation of many styles such as Jazz, Funk, Latin, and many more. To better understand the mechanisms that lead to the sensation of groove, we explore the relationship between groove and systematic microtiming deviations. Manifested as small, intentional deviations in timing, systematic microtiming is widely considered within the music community to be a critical component of music performances that groove. To investigate the effect of microtiming on the perception of groove we synthesized typical rhythm patterns for Jazz, Funk, and Samba with idiomatic microtiming deviation patterns for each style. The magnitude of the deviations was parametrically varied from nil to about double the natural level. In two experiments, untrained listeners and experts listened to all combinations of same and different music and microtiming style and magnitude combinations, and rated liking, groove, naturalness, and speed. Contrary to a common and frequently expressed belief in the literature, systematic microtiming led to decreased groove ratings, as well as liking and naturalness, with the exception of the simple short-long shuffle Jazz pattern. A comparison of the ratings between the two listener groups revealed this effect to be stronger for the expert listener group than for the untrained listeners, suggesting that musical expertise plays an important role in the perception and appreciation of microtiming in rhythmic patterns.
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Bierling, Antonie Louise, Ilona Croy, Thomas Hummel, Gianaurelio Cuniberti, and Alexander Croy. "Olfactory Perception in Relation to the Physicochemical Odor Space." Brain Sciences 11, no. 5 (April 28, 2021): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11050563.
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A growing body of research aims at solving what is often referred to as the stimulus-percept problem in olfactory perception. Although computational efforts have made it possible to predict perceptual impressions from the physicochemical space of odors, studies with large psychophysical datasets from non-experts remain scarce. Following previous approaches, we developed a physicochemical odor space using 4094 molecular descriptors of 1389 odor molecules. For 20 of these odors, we examined associations with perceived pleasantness, intensity, odor quality and detection threshold, obtained from a dataset of 2000 naïve participants. Our results show significant differences in perceptual ratings, and we were able to replicate previous findings on the association between perceptual ratings and the first dimensions of the physicochemical odor space. However, the present analyses also revealed striking interindividual variations in perceived pleasantness and intensity. Additionally, interactions between pleasantness, intensity, and olfactory and trigeminal qualitative dimensions were found. To conclude, our results support previous findings on the relation between structure and perception on the group level in our sample of non-expert raters. In the challenging task to relate olfactory stimulus and percept, the physicochemical odor space can serve as a reliable and helpful tool to structure the high-dimensional space of olfactory stimuli. Nevertheless, human olfactory perception in the individual is not an analytic process of molecule detection alone, but is part of a holistic integration of multisensory inputs, context and experience.
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Duan, GongHao, JunChi Zhang, and Shuiping Zhang. "Assessment of Landslide Susceptibility Based on Multiresolution Image Segmentation and Geological Factor Ratings." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (October 27, 2020): 7863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217863.
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Evaluating the susceptibility of regional landslides is one of the core steps in spatial landslide prediction. Starting from multiresolution image segmentation and object-oriented classification theory, this paper uses the four parameters of entropy, energy, correlation, and contrast from remote-sensing images in the Zigui–Badong section of Three Gorges Reservoir as image texture factors; the original image data for the study area were divided into 2279 objects after segmentation. According to the various indicators of the existing historical landslide database in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, combined with the classification processing steps for different types of multistructured data, the relevant geological evaluation factors, including the slope gradient, slope structure, and engineering rock group, were rated based on expert experience. From the perspective of the object-oriented segmentation of multiresolution images and geological factor rating classification, the C5.0 decision tree susceptibility classification model was constructed for the prediction of four types of landslide susceptibility units in the Zigui–Badong section. The mapping results show that the engineering rock group of a high-susceptibility unit usually develops in soft rock or soft–hard interphase rock groups, and the slope is between 15°–30°. The model results show that the average accuracy is 91.64%, and the kappa coefficients are 0.84 and 0.51, indicating that the C5.0 decision tree algorithm provides good accuracy and can clearly divide landslide susceptibility levels for a specific area, respectively. This landslide susceptibility classification, based on multiresolution image segmentation and geological factor classification, has potential applicability.
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Lopes, Gilberto, Mariana C. Stern, Sarah Temin, Ala I. Sharara, Andres Cervantes, Ainhoa Costas-Chavarri, Rena Engineer, et al. "Early Detection for Colorectal Cancer: ASCO Resource-Stratified Guideline." Journal of Global Oncology, no. 5 (December 2019): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.00213.
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PURPOSE To provide resource-stratified, evidence-based recommendations on the early detection of colorectal cancer in four tiers to clinicians, patients, and caregivers. METHODS American Society of Clinical Oncology convened a multidisciplinary, multinational panel of medical oncology, surgical oncology, surgery, gastroenterology, health technology assessment, cancer epidemiology, pathology, radiology, radiation oncology, and patient advocacy experts. The Expert Panel reviewed existing guidelines and conducted a modified ADAPTE process and a formal consensus-based process with additional experts (Consensus Ratings Group) for two round(s) of formal ratings. RESULTS Existing sets of guidelines from eight guideline developers were identified and reviewed; adapted recommendations form the evidence base. These guidelines, along with cost-effectiveness analyses, provided evidence to inform the formal consensus process, which resulted in agreement of 75% or more. CONCLUSION In nonmaximal settings, for people who are asymptomatic, are ages 50 to 75 years, have no family history of colorectal cancer, are at average risk, and are in settings with high incidences of colorectal cancer, the following screening options are recommended: guaiac fecal occult blood test and fecal immunochemical testing (basic), flexible sigmoidoscopy (add option in limited), and colonoscopy (add option in enhanced). Optimal reflex testing strategy for persons with positive screens is as follows: endoscopy; if not available, barium enema (basic or limited). Management of polyps in enhanced is as follows: colonoscopy, polypectomy; if not suitable, then surgical resection. For workup and diagnosis of people with symptoms, physical exam with digital rectal examination, double contrast barium enema (only in basic and limited); colonoscopy; flexible sigmoidoscopy with biopsy (if contraindication to latter) or computed tomography colonography if contraindications to two endoscopies (enhanced only).
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Prišenk, Jernej, Nina Filipič, Črtomir Rozman, Karmen Pažek, and Jernej Turk. "Evaluation of Traditional and Indigenous Horse Breeds for Wider Intended Use: Case Study from Slovenia." Sustainability 14, no. 4 (February 9, 2022): 1971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14041971.
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In this work, a new multi-criteria model for the evaluation of traditional and indigenous horse breeds, the HORQUAL model, was developed by applying the DEX (Decision Expert) method. The idea for this study culminated from brainstorming among researchers who had the importance of conserving traditional and indigenous horse breeds in Slovenia and their universal uses (recreative and sport) in mind. The conservation of native domestic animal breeds is one of the important indicators of sustainable agricultural development in particular countries. Here, the assessment process considered the horse breeds in terms of lifestyle, expectations, requirements and experiences. The development process was based on the multi-criteria decision analysis approach, and it was applied to seven traditional and indigenous Slovenian horse breeds. The horse breeds were classified into four groups of breed ratings according to the chosen criteria. The horse breeds were categorised as follows: “does not correspond to the criteria”, “less correspondence with the criteria”, “corresponds to the criteria” and “completely corresponds to the criteria”. The results of the HORQUAL model clearly show that it is easier and more effective to choose the most suitable breeds for specific purposes (i.e., recreative/sport horses with the potential for breeding along with acceptable costs, favourable temperament and suitable price) as they can easily be analysed or compared with each other, according to the criteria chosen in this paper. The rating by group takes the criteria for the multi-attribute evaluation that were identified by an expert group into account and balances between the assessment of recreational and sports needs for riders and the life expectancy for breeders. Additionally, incorporating the Plus-minus-1 analysis proved to be a useful support tool to analyse the assessments and to further improve horse breeding plans.
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Hennus, Marije P., Anneliese Nusmeier, Gwen G. M. van Heesch, Maaike A. Riedijk, Nikki J. Schoenmaker, Marijn Soeteman, Enno D. Wildschut, Tim Fawns, and Olle Ten Cate. "Development of entrustable professional activities for paediatric intensive care fellows: A national modified Delphi study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 18, 2021): e0248565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248565.
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Entrustable professional activities (EPAs), as a focus of learner assessment, are supported by validity evidence. An EPA is a unit of professional practice requiring proficiency in multiple competencies simultaneously, that can be entrusted to a sufficiently competent learner. Taken collectively, a set of EPAs define and inform the curriculum of a specialty training. The goal of this study was to develop a set of EPAs for Dutch PICU fellows. A multistage methodology was employed incorporating sequential input from task force members, a medical education expert, PICU fellowship program directors, and PICU physicians and fellows via a modified three-round Delphi study. In the first modified Delphi round, experts rated indispensability and clarity of preliminary EPAs. In the subsequent rounds, aggregated scores for each EPA and group comments were provided. In round two, respondents rated indispensability and clarity of revised EPAs. Round three was used to gain explicit confirmation of suitability to implement these EPAs. Based on median ratings and content validity index (CVI) analysis for indispensability in the first two rounds, all nine preliminary EPAs covered activities that were deemed essential to the clinical practice of PICU physicians. Based on median ratings and CVI analysis for clarity however, four EPAs needed revision. With an agreement percentage of 93–100% for all individual EPAs as well as the set as a whole, a high degree of consensus among experts was reached in the third round. The resulting nine PICU EPAs provide a succinct overview of the core tasks of Dutch PICU physicians. These EPAs were created as an essential first step towards developing an assessment system for PICU fellows, grounded in core professional activities. The robust methodology used, may have broad applicability for other (sub)specialty training programs aiming to develop specialty specific EPAs.
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Bigazzi, Alexander, Gurdiljot Gill, and Meghan Winters. "Contrasting Perspectives on the Comfort and Safety of Pedestrians Interacting with Other Road Users." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2675, no. 3 (February 12, 2021): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198121992272.
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Assessments of interactions between road users are crucial to understanding comfort and safety. However, observers may vary in their perceptions and ratings of road user interactions. The objective of this paper is to examine how perceptions of yielding, comfort, and safety for pedestrian interactions vary among observers, ranging from members of the public to road safety experts. Video clips of pedestrian interactions with motor vehicles and bicycles were collected from 11 crosswalks and shown to three groups of participants (traffic safety experts, an engaged citizen advisory group, and members of the general public) along with questions about yielding, comfort, and risk of injury. Experts had similar views of yielding and comfort to the other two groups, but a consistently lower assessment of injury risk for pedestrians in the study. Respondent socio-demographics did not relate to perceptions of yielding, comfort, or risk, but self-reported travel habits did. Respondents who reported walking more frequently rated pedestrian comfort as lower, and respondents who reported cycling more frequently rated risk as lower for pedestrian interactions with both motor vehicles and bicycles. Findings suggest small groups of engaged citizens can provide useful information about public perspectives on safety that likely diverge from expert assessments of risk, and that sample representation should be assessed in relation to travel habits rather than socio-demographics.
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Dunn, Dwayne E. "Effect of Rehearsal Hierarchy and Reinforcement on Attention, Achievement, and Attitude of Selected Choirs." Journal of Research in Music Education 45, no. 4 (December 1997): 547–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3345422.
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A structured rehearsal hierarchy involving a multiple-baseline design, implemented across six rehearsals, was used to measure performance improvement of seven musical concepts, while an experimental design nested within was used to examine the effect of teacher reinforcement on attentiveness, achievement, and attitude in choral ensembles. Two high school choirs (N = 60) received either task presentations, directions, student performance, and reinforcement (n = 31), or identical instruction with no verbal/facial reinforcement (n = 29). Forty choral performances were evaluated by three expert judges, with individual concepts evaluated using 10-point scales and overall performances evaluated using 100-point scales. Results indicated similar performance gains were made for all excerpts, though less instructional time was needed to teach previously learned concepts in new musical contexts. Performance gains made immediately after instruction were maintained despite the addition of new musical concepts. An 11-day period without instruction resulted in a slight ratings decline, but scores recovered to previous levels quickly. Students receiving feedback had higher performance ratings, recorded a more positive attitude toward rehearsal, and were observed off-task a larger percentage of instructional time than students receiving no feedback, with both groups demonstrating lowest off task percentages during group performance activities.
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Blaschke, Sarah-May, Sylvie D. Lambert, Patricia M. Livingston, Sanchia Aranda, Anna Boltong, Penelope Schofield, Suzanne K. Chambers, Meinir Krishnasamy, and Anna Ugalde. "Identifying priorities for cancer caregiver interventions: protocol for a three-round modified Delphi study." BMJ Open 9, no. 2 (February 2019): e024725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024725.
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IntroductionCancer is often considered a chronic disease, and most people with cancer have a caregiver, often a family member or friend who provides a significant amount of care during the illness trajectory. Caregivers are frequently in need of support, and a range of interventions have been trialled to improve outcomes. Consensus for optimal ways to support caregivers is not known. The aim of this protocol paper is to describe procedures for a modified Delphi study to explore expert consensus about important factors when developing caregiver interventions.Methods and analysisOnline modified Delphi methodology will be used to establish consensus for important caregiver intervention factors incorporating the Patient problem, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome framework. Round 1 will comprise a free-text questionnaire and invite the panel to contribute factors they deem important in the development and evaluation of caregiver interventions. Round 2 is designed to determine preliminary consensus of the importance of factors generated in round 1. The panel will be asked to rate each factor using a 4-point Likert-type scale. The option for panellists to state reasoning for their rating will be provided. Descriptive statistics (median scores and IQR) will be calculated to determine each item’s relative importance. Levels of consensus will be assessed based on a predefined consensus rating matrix. In round 3, factors will be recirculated including aggregate group responses (statistics and comment summaries) and panellists’ own round 2 scores. Panellists will be invited to reconsider their judgements and resubmit ratings using the same rating system as in round 2. This will result in priority lists based on the panel’s total rating scores.Ethics and disseminationEthics for this study has been gained from the Deakin University Human Ethics Advisory Group. It is anticipated that the results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented in a variety of forums.
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Becker, Anna K., Brandon E. Ross, and Dustin Albright. "EVALUATING THE WEIGHTED-SUM APPROACH FOR MEASURING BUILDINGS’ ADAPTABILITY." Journal of Green Building 15, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.15.3.37.
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ABSTRACT As urban populations increase worldwide and more demands are placed on infrastructure and buildings, the topic of adaptable building design has experienced increased interest as a way to embed adaptability into the urban building stock and avoid unnecessary demolition and waste. Evaluation tools for judging building adaptability based on physical characteristics have recently been proposed. The most common approach for these tools is to use a weighted-sum of scores for different criteria. The primary purpose of this paper was to compare a weighted-sum measurement approach against a more rigorous, less abstract measurement that involved judgements about simulated adaptation projects (called an example-based approach). These measurements were performed through expert elicitation and an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) survey, where participants evaluated the relative adaptability of four case study buildings from the Clemson University campus. The results showed significant correlation between the weighted-sum approach and the example-based approach, supporting the reasonableness of using weighted-sum approaches to evaluate the adaptive potential of building designs. In addition, a separate group of experts rated adaptability of the case study buildings by providing qualitative reasons for their rankings. Unlike the other approaches, this group was not given a specific tool to guide their ratings. The qualitative data provided additional context for understanding results from the quantitative approaches.
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Eliyawati, Eliyawati, Rika Rafikah Agustin, Yustika Sya’bandari, and Rossy Andini Herindra Putri. "Smartchem: An Android Application for Learning Multiple Representations of Acid-Base Chemistry." Journal of Science Learning 3, no. 3 (July 31, 2020): 196–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/jsl.v3i3.23280.
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An android application named SmartChem was developed to explain multiple representations of acid-base chemistry. This paper is a description of an android-based media (SmartChem) through the stages of design, development, validation and revision, and finally, limited trials with pre-service science teachers. SmartChem is intended to aid students in understanding through media explanations of symbolic, macroscopic, and submicroscopic representations of acid-base material. The validity of the tool was assessed through the ratings of a panel of five expert judges using Aiken’s validity index (Aiken’s V). The results show that some parts of the SmartChem media needed to be revised, especially in linking submicroscopic level content with symbolism. From the trials of this application with trainee teachers, help in understanding multiple chemical representations of acids and bases was demonstrated; however, the low achievement group was more concerned with technical features, while the higher achieving group appreciated the content and learning experience.
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Tsang, Jung Yin, Jonathan Murray, Edward Kingdon, Charlie Tomson, Kyle Hallas, Stephen Campbell, and Tom Blakeman. "Guidance for post-discharge care following acute kidney injury: an appropriateness ratings evaluation." BJGP Open 4, no. 3 (June 16, 2020): bjgpopen20X101054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgpopen20x101054.
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BackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with poor health outcomes, including increased mortality and rehospitalisation. National policy and patient safety drivers have targeted AKI as an example to ensure safer transitions of care.AimTo establish guidance to promote high-quality transitions of care for adults following episodes of illness complicated by AKI.Design & settingAn appropriateness ratings evaluation was undertaken using the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method (RAM). The Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) AKI working group developed a range of clinical scenarios to help identify the necessary steps to be taken following discharge of a patient from secondary care into primary care in the UK.MethodA 10-person expert panel was convened to rate 819 clinical scenarios, testing the most appropriate time and action following hospital discharge. Specifically, the scenarios focused on determining the appropriateness and urgency for planning: an initial medication review; monitoring of kidney function; and assessment for albuminuria.ResultsTaking no action (that is, no medication review; no kidney monitoring; or no albuminuria testing) was rated inappropriate in all cases. In most scenarios, there was consensus that both the initial medication review and kidney function monitoring should take place within 1–2 weeks or 1 month, depending on clinical context. However, patients with heart failure and poor kidney recovery were rated to require expedited review. There was consensus that assessment for albuminuria should take place at 3 months after discharge following AKI.ConclusionSystems to support tailored and timely post-AKI discharge care are required, especially in high-risk populations, such as people with heart failure.
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Arrossi, Silvina, Sarah Temin, Suzanne Garland, Linda O’Neal Eckert, Neerja Bhatla, Xavier Castellsagué, Sharifa Ezat Alkaff, et al. "Primary Prevention of Cervical Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology Resource-Stratified Guideline." Journal of Global Oncology 3, no. 5 (October 2017): 611–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.2016.008151.
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Purpose To provide resource-stratified (four tiers), evidence-based recommendations on the primary prevention of cervical cancer globally. Methods The American Society of Clinical Oncology convened a multidisciplinary, multinational panel of oncology, obstetrics/gynecology, public health, cancer control, epidemiology/biostatistics, health economics, behavioral/implementation science, and patient advocacy experts. The Expert Panel reviewed existing guidelines and conducted a modified ADAPTE process and a formal consensus-based process with additional experts (consensus ratings group) for one round of formal ratings. Results Existing sets of guidelines from five guideline developers were identified and reviewed; adapted recommendations formed the evidence base. Five systematic reviews, along with cost-effectiveness analyses, provided evidence to inform the formal consensus process, which resulted in agreement of ≥ 75%. Recommendations In all resource settings, two doses of human papillomavirus vaccine are recommended for girls age 9 to 14 years, with an interval of at least 6 months and possibly up to 12 to 15 months. Individuals with HIV positivity should receive three doses. Maximal and enhanced settings: if girls are age ≥ 15 years and received their first dose before age 15 years, they may complete the series; if no doses were received before age 15 years, three doses should be administered; in both scenarios, vaccination may be through age 26 years. Limited and basic settings: if sufficient resources remain after vaccinating girls age 9 to 14 years, girls who received one dose may receive additional doses between age 15 and 26 years. Maximal, enhanced, and limited settings: if ≥ 50% coverage in the priority female target population, sufficient resources, and cost effectiveness, boys may be vaccinated to prevent other noncervical human papillomavirus–related cancers and diseases. Basic settings: vaccinating boys is not recommended. It is the view of the American Society of Clinical Oncology that health care providers and health care system decision makers should be guided by the recommendations for the highest stratum of resources available. The guideline is intended to complement but not replace local guidelines.
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Yu, Xiaonan, Bin Liu, Yuru Pei, and Tianmin Xu. "Evaluation of facial attractiveness for patients with malocclusion: A machine-learning technique employing Procrustes." Angle Orthodontist 84, no. 3 (October 3, 2013): 410–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/071513-516.1.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To establish an objective method for evaluating facial attractiveness from a set of orthodontic photographs. Materials and Methods: One hundred eight malocclusion patients randomly selected from six universities in China were randomly divided into nine groups, with each group containing an equal number of patients with Class I, II, and III malocclusions. Sixty-nine expert Chinese orthodontists ranked photographs of the patients (frontal, lateral, and frontal smiling photos) before and after orthodontic treatment from “most attractive” to “least attractive” in each group. A weighted mean ranking was then calculated for each patient, based on which a three-point scale was created. Procrustes superimposition was conducted on 101 landmarks identified on the photographs. A support vector regression (SVR) function was set up according to the coordinate values of identified landmarks of each photographic set and its corresponding grading. Its predictive ability was tested for each group in turn. Results: The average coincidence rate obtained for comparisons of the subjective ratings with the SVR evaluation was 71.8% according to 18 verification tests. Conclusions: Geometric morphometrics combined with SVR may be a prospective method for objective comprehensive evaluation of facial attractiveness in the near future.
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Buisine, Stéphanie, and Jérôme Guegan. "CREATIVITY IN VIRTUAL TEAMS: BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN PROFESSIONAL WISDOM AND SCIENTIFIC INSIGHTS." Creativity Studies 12, no. 2 (July 3, 2019): 198–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cs.2019.576.
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Following the growing body of scientific literature dedicated to the effects of virtual tools and environments on creative processes, we were interested in examining how professional creativity facilitators perceive these technologies and the extent to which they might support their dissemination. To this end, we conducted a workshop with 19 professional facilitators in which they could experience creativity in a virtual environment. Their ratings of the potential impact of such tools on session facilitation, on sociocognitive processes of creativity and on group motivation were collected twice: before and after the virtual session. The results show that their perception of the potential benefits of virtual environments decreased after the test. They mentioned many limitations of the technology with regard to usual facilitation process. Moreover, their expert perception of the creative process sometimes appeared contradictory to scientific results obtained in the domain. We discuss these results and provide design perspectives to make virtual technologies more acceptable and usable for creativity facilitators, in order to allow more population to benefit from their positive effects on group creativity.
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Wheless, James W., Dave F. Clarke, and Daniel Carpenter. "Treatment of Pediatric Epilepsy: Expert Opinion, 2005." Journal of Child Neurology 20, no. 1_suppl (December 2005): S1—S56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088307380502000101.
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Background. Childhood epilepsies are a heterogeneous group of conditions that differ in diagnostic criteria and management and have dramatically different outcomes. Despite increasing data on treatment of epilepsy, research findings on childhood epilepsy are more limited and many clinical questions remain unanswered, so that clinicians must often rely on clinical judgment. In such clinical situations, expert opinion can be especially helpful. Methods. A survey on pediatric epilepsy and seizures (33 questions and 645 treatment options) was sent to 41 U.S. physicians specializing in pediatric epilepsy, 39 (95%) of whom completed it. In some questions, the experts were asked to recommend overall treatment approaches for specific syndromes (the order in which they would use certain strategies). Most of the questions asked the experts to rate options using a modified version of the RAND 9-point scale for medical appropriateness. Consensus was defined as a non-random distribution of scores by chisquare test, with ratings used to assign a categorical rank (first line/usually appropriate, second line/equivocal, and third line/usually not appropriate) to each option. Results. Valproate was treatment of choice for symptomatic myoclonic and generalized tonic-clonic seizures except in the very young, with lamotrigine and topiramate also first line (usually appropriate). Zonisamide was first line only if the child also has myoclonic seizures. For initial monotherapy for complex partial seizures, oxcarbazepine and carbamazepine were treatments of choice, with lamotrigine and levetiracetam also first line. As initial therapy for infantile spasms caused by tuberous sclerosis, viagabatrin was treatment of choice, with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) also first line. As initial therapy for infantile spasms that are symptomatic in etiology, ACTH was treatment of choice, with topiramate also first line As initial therapy for Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, valproate was treatment of choice, with topiramate and lamotrigine also first line. For acute treatment of a prolonged febrile seizure or cluster of seizures, rectal diazepam was treatment of choice. For benign childhood epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes, oxcarbazepine and carbamazepine were treatments of choice, with gabapentin, lamotrigine, and levetiracetam also first line. For childhood absence epilepsy, ethosuximide was treatment of choice, with valproate and lamotrigine also first line. For juvenile absence epilepsy, valproate and lamotrigine were treatments of choice. For juvenile myoclonic epilepsy in adolescent males, valproate and lamotrigine were treatments of choice, with topiramate also first line; for juvenile myoclonic epilepsy in adolescent females, lamotrigine was treatment of choice, with topiramate and valproate other first-line options. As initial therapy for neonatal status epilepticus, intravenous phenobarbital was treatment of choice, with intravenous lorazepam or fosphenytoin also first line. As initial therapy for all types of pediatric status epilepticus, lorazepam was treatment of choice, with intravenous diazepam also first line. For generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus, rectal diazepam and fosphenytoin were also first line; for complex partial status epilepticus, fosphenytoin was also first line; and for absence status epilepticus, intravenous valproate was also first line. Conclusion. The expert panel reached consensus on many treatment options. Within the limits of expert opinion and with the understanding that new research data may take precedence, the experts' recommendations provide helpful guidance in situations where the medical literature is scant or lacking. The information in this report should be evaluated in conjunction with evidence-based findings. (J Child Neurol 2005;20:Sl-S56)
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Cahyo, Hariris Nur. "Pengembangan model pembelajaran simplified problem based learning materi Surah Al Fatihah dan Al Ikhlas mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam kelas IV di SDN Kranggan 3 Kota Mojokerto." Ta'dibia: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Agama Islam 7, no. 1 (August 6, 2017): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32616/tdb.v7.1.34.45-52.
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Problem Based Learning Model is an innovation in learning because in this model students' thinking ability is optimized through a systematic group or team work process, so that students can empower, sharpen, test, and develop their thinking ability on an ongoing basis. However, not all educators (teachers) understand the concept of the Problem Based Learning Model. The purpose of this research development is: 1) To determine the feasibility of learning model simplified problem based learning material Surah Al Fatihah and Al Ikhlas subjects Islamic Religious Education class IV SDN Kranggan 3 Kota Mojokerto according to Expert. 2) To know the feasibility of learning model simplified problem based learning material Surah Al Fatihah and Al Ikhlas subjects Islamic Religious Education fourth grade SDN Kranggan 3 City Mojokerto according to peers 3) To know the interest of learning model simplified problem based learning material Surah Al Fatihah and Al Ikhlas subjects Islamic Religious Education class IV SDN Kranggan 3 Kota Mojokerto according to student ratings. The selection and use of learning model based on simplified problem based learning can effectively streamline and streamline the implementation of learning. For that purpose, the learning model based on simplified problem based learning is absolutely necessary. Learning Products Islamic Education Learning model based learning simplified problem based learning has been refined based on analysis of test data. Based on the steps that have been implemented can be concluded as follows. 1) The learning model of simplified problem based learning of Surah Al Fatihah and Al Ikhlas subjects of Islamic Religious Education grade IV SDN Kranggan 3 Kota Mojokerto feasible according to Expert 2) Learning model of simplified problem based learning material Surah Al Fatihah and Al Ikhlas subjects Islamic Religious Education Class IV SDN Kranggan 3 Mojokerto city feasible according to peers 3) Learning model simplified problem based learning material Surah Al Fatihah and Al Ikhlas subjects Islamic Religious Education grade IV SDN Kranggan 3 Kota Mojokerto interesting according to student ratings