Academic literature on the topic 'Group expert ratings'
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Journal articles on the topic "Group expert ratings"
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Miller, Faith G., T. Chris Riley-Tillman, Sandra M. Chafouleas, and Alyssa A. Schardt. "Direct Behavior Rating Instrumentation." Assessment for Effective Intervention 42, no. 2 (July 24, 2016): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534508416658007.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of two different Direct Behavior Rating–Single Item Scale (DBR-SIS) formats on rating accuracy. A total of 119 undergraduate students participated in one of two study conditions, each utilizing a different DBR-SIS scale format: one that included percentage of time anchors on the DBR-SIS scale and an explicit reference to duration of the target behavior (percent group) and one that did not include percentage anchors nor a reference to duration of the target behavior (no percent group). Participants viewed nine brief video clips and rated student behavior using one of the two DBR-SIS formats. Rating accuracy was determined by calculating the absolute difference between participant ratings and two criterion measures: systematic direct observation scores and DBR-SIS expert ratings. Statistically significant differences between groups were found on only two occasions, pertaining to ratings of academically engaged behavior. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed.
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Meena, Ritu, and Sonajharia Minz. "Group Recommender Systems – An Evolutionary Approach Based on Multi-expert System for Consensus." Journal of Intelligent Systems 29, no. 1 (November 20, 2018): 1092–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2018-0081.
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Abstract Recommender systems have focused on algorithms for a recommendation for individuals. However, in many domains, it may be recommending an item, for example, movies, restaurants etc. for a group of persons for which some remarkable group recommender systems (GRSs) has been developed. GRSs satisfy a group of people optimally by considering the equal weighting of the individual preferences. We have proposed a multi-expert scheme (MES) for group recommendation using genetic algorithm (GA) MES-GRS-GA that depends on consensus techniques to further improve group recommendations. In order to deal with this problem of GRS, we also propose a consensus scheme for GRSs where consensus from multiple experts are brought together to make a single recommended list of items in which each expert represents an individual inside the group. The proposed GA based consensus scheme is modeled as many consensus schemes within two phases. In the consensus phase, we have applied GA to obtain the maximum utility offer for each expert and generated the most appropriate rating for each item in the group. In the recommendation generation phase, again GA has been employed to produce the resulting group profile, i.e. the list of ratings with the minimum sum of distances from the group members. Finally, the results of computational experiments that bear close resemblance to real-world scenarios are presented and compared to baseline GRS techniques that illustrate the superiority of the proposed model.
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Cleary, James F., Hibah Osman, Nahla Gafer, Sudip Shrestha, Zipporah Ali, and Sarah B. Temin. "ASCO Guideline report: Palliative Care in the Global Setting—ASCO Resource-Stratified Practice Guideline." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 34_suppl (December 1, 2018): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.34_suppl.85.
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85 Background: The purpose of the new ASCO resource-stratified guideline on global palliative care (Osman H, Shrestha S, Temin S, et al, Palliative Care in the Global Setting: ASCO Resource-Stratified Practice Guideline, JGO, 2018) is to provide expert guidance to clinicians and policymakers on implementing palliative care in resource-constrained settings and was intended to complement the 2016 “Integration of Palliative Care Into Standard Oncology Care: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline Update”. Methods: ASCO convened a multidisciplinary, multinational panel of experts. Guideline development involved a systematic review, a modified ADAPTE process of existing high-quality guidelines and a formal consensus-based process with the expert panel and additional experts (consensus ratings group), as well as open comment. Results: The systematic review included 48 full-text publications regarding palliative care in resource-constrained settings, along with cost-effectiveness analyses; the evidence for many clinical questions was limited. These provided indirect evidence to inform the formal consensus process, which resulted in agreement of ≥ 75% (by consensus ratings group including expert panel). Conclusions: The recommendations help define: the models of care, staffing requirements, and roles and training needs of team members in a variety of resource settings for palliative care. Recommendations also outline the standards for provision of psychosocial support, spiritual care, and opioid analgesics, which can be particularly challenging and often overlooked in resource-constrained settings.
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Liu, Lili, Phyllis Schneider, and Masako Miyazaki. "The Effectiveness of Using Simulated Patients versus Videotapes of Simulated Patients to Teach Clinical Skills to Occupational and Physical Therapy Students." Occupational Therapy Journal of Research 17, no. 3 (July 1997): 159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153944929701700301.
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Seventy-three occupational and physical therapy students participated in two seminars. In one seminar, students interacted directly with a simulated patient; in the other, students viewed a videotape of a simulated patient interacting with a clinician. Each student submitted the following for each seminar: a list of problems and treatment plans, a rating form indicating satisfaction with group participation, and a rating form indicating satisfaction with topics covered. Within-group comparisons showed that identification of patient problems by the students tended to agree with expert clinicians in the simulated patient condition when compared with the videotape condition although this difference failed to reach significance ( P=0.056). More of the student treatment plans agreed with expert clinicians in the videotape condition when compared with the simulated patient condition ( P<0.01). Both group process and content ratings in the simulated patient condition exceeded those in the videotape condition.
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Cao, Li Jun, Xiang Mei Yu, and Dong Yang Geng. "Subway Station Group Decision and Evaluation of Fire Emergency." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 1408–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.1408.
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In order to build subway station fire emergency group decision-making system, Aim at the subway station fire characteristics in this paper, analyze the problems of emphasis from emergency decision, and group decision method is proposed to use to solve this problem. The method can avoid failure of the overall decision making mistakes because a single decision maker. Found of decision-making group consist of experts, academics, policy-makers, considering several key factor such as professional, academic, expert ratings, weight, to build group decision model .At the same time, evaluation of the subway station fire emergency group decision effectiveness to build subway station fire emergency response system, Ultimately improve the efficiency of emergency response and level of decision-making for subway station.
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Wickens, Christopher D., Anne Collins McLaughlin, John Keller, and Jie Tan. "Task Switching in Rock Climbing: Validation of a Computational Model for Different Skill Levels." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 62, no. 1 (September 2018): 651–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931218621149.
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Thirty-two rock climbers, all self-identifying as capable of lead climbing (place protective gear in the rock, to mitigate the risks of falling), climbed an outdoor route while placing what they believed was the necessary amount of protection. Cameras recorded the percentage of time they spent climbing upward (productivity) relative to placing protection (safety). We then applied STOM (strategic task overload model) to predict percent time-on-task, using the differences in their ratings of task interest, task priority, and task difficulty as predictors. The model significantly predicted time on task for the participants categorized as experts, but not for those categorized as non-experts. Time on the climbing (versus protection) task for the expert group, but not the non-expert group, was also predicted by a derived measure inferred to assess risk tolerance in climbing.
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Qi, Zhen, Li-ping Tu, Zhi-yu Luo, Xiao-juan Hu, Ling-zhi Zeng, Wen Jiao, Xu-xiang Ma, et al. "Tongue Image Database Construction Based on the Expert Opinions: Assessment for Individual Agreement and Methods for Expert Selection." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2018 (October 2, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8491057.
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This study aims at introducing a method for individual agreement evaluation to identify the discordant raters from the experts’ group. We exclude those experts and decide the best experts selection method, so as to improve the reliability of the constructed tongue image database based on experts’ opinions. Fifty experienced experts from the TCM diagnostic field all over China were invited to give ratings for 300 randomly selected tongue images. Gwet’s AC1 (first-order agreement coefficient) was used to calculate the interrater and intrarater agreement. The optimization of the interrater agreement and the disagreement score were put forward to evaluate the external consistency for individual expert. The proposed method could successfully optimize the interrater agreement. By comparing three experts’ selection methods, the interrater agreement was, respectively, increased from 0.53 [0.32-0.75] for original one to 0.64 [0.39-0.80] using method A (inclusion of experts whose intrarater agreement>0.6), 0.69 [0.63-0.81] using method B (inclusion of experts whose disagreement score=“0”), and 0.76 [0.67-0.83] using method C (inclusion of experts whose intrarater agreement>0.6& disagreement score=“0”). In this study, we provide an estimate of external consistency for individual expert, and the comprehensive consideration of both the internal consistency and the external consistency for each expert would be superior to either one in the tongue image construction based on expert opinions.
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Raith, Corinna Petra, and Stefan Koch. "Perceived Quality of Online Encyclopedias." International Journal of Social Media and Online Communities 11, no. 1 (January 2019): 48–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsmoc.2019010104.
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This study illustrates how different user groups perceive and evaluate the content quality of Wikipedia articles as compared to entries of a traditional encyclopedia. Therefore, an experimental set-up was used with blinded articles of different topic fields from the German Wikipedia and Brockhaus online, evaluated by experts with different backgrounds (university vs. practice) and by students of the field. The findings showed that the quality of both encyclopedias was assessed similarly (intra-group evaluations), although more faults and mistakes were criticized in the Wikipedia sample. However, the inter-group comparison revealed differences in the groups' quality perceptions. This partly applied to the comparison of the expert groups, and especially to the comparison of expert and (non-expert) student evaluations. Students tended to give better ratings, especially within the Wikipedia sample. Most noticeable, they did not detect any content-related faults in both sets, highlighting that further training is needed to improve their information literacy.
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Osman, Hibah, Sudip Shrestha, Sarah Temin, Zipporah V. Ali, Rumalie A. Corvera, Henry D. Ddungu, Liliana De Lima, et al. "Palliative Care in the Global Setting: ASCO Resource-Stratified Practice Guideline." Journal of Global Oncology, no. 4 (December 2018): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.00026.
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Purpose The purpose of this new resource-stratified guideline is to provide expert guidance to clinicians and policymakers on implementing palliative care of patients with cancer and their caregivers in resource-constrained settings and is intended to complement the Integration of Palliative Care Into Standard Oncology Care: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline Update of 2016. Methods ASCO convened a multidisciplinary, multinational panel of experts in medical oncology, family medicine, radiation oncology, hematology/oncology, palliative and/or hospice care, pain and/or symptom management, patient advocacy, public health, and health economics. Guideline development involved a systematic literature review, a modified ADAPTE process, and a formal consensus-based process with the Expert Panel and additional experts (consensus ratings group). Results The systematic review included 48 full-text publications regarding palliative care in resource-constrained settings, along with cost-effectiveness analyses; the evidence for many clinical questions was limited. These provided indirect evidence to inform the formal consensus process, which resulted in agreement of ≥ 75% (by consensus ratings group including Expert Panel). Recommendations The recommendations help define the models of care, staffing requirements, and roles and training needs of team members in a variety of resource settings for palliative care. Recommendations also outline the standards for provision of psychosocial support, spiritual care, and opioid analgesics, which can be particularly challenging and often overlooked in resource-constrained settings. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/resource-stratified-guidelines . It is the view of ASCO that health care providers and health care system decision makers should be guided by the recommendations for the highest stratum of resources available. The guideline is intended to complement but not replace local guidelines.
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Harris, Anthony D., Lisa Pineles, Deverick Anderson, Keith F. Woeltje, William E. Trick, Keith S. Kaye, Deborah S. Yokoe, Ann-Christine Nyquist, David P. Calfee, and Surbhi Leekha. "Which Comorbid Conditions Should We Be Analyzing as Risk Factors for Healthcare-Associated Infections?" Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 38, no. 4 (December 29, 2016): 449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2016.314.
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OBJECTIVETo determine which comorbid conditions are considered causally related to central-line associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) and surgical-site infection (SSI) based on expert consensus.DESIGNUsing the Delphi method, we administered an iterative, 2-round survey to 9 infectious disease and infection control experts from the United States.METHODSBased on our selection of components from the Charlson and Elixhauser comorbidity indices, 35 different comorbid conditions were rated from 1 (not at all related) to 5 (strongly related) by each expert separately for CLABSI and SSI, based on perceived relatedness to the outcome. To assign expert consensus on causal relatedness for each comorbid condition, all 3 of the following criteria had to be met at the end of the second round: (1) a majority (>50%) of experts rating the condition at 3 (somewhat related) or higher, (2) interquartile range (IQR)≤1, and (3) standard deviation (SD)≤1.RESULTSFrom round 1 to round 2, the IQR and SD, respectively, decreased for ratings of 21 of 35 (60%) and 33 of 35 (94%) comorbid conditions for CLABSI, and for 17 of 35 (49%) and 32 of 35 (91%) comorbid conditions for SSI, suggesting improvement in consensus among this group of experts. At the end of round 2, 13 of 35 (37%) and 17 of 35 (49%) comorbid conditions were perceived as causally related to CLABSI and SSI, respectively.CONCLUSIONSOur results have produced a list of comorbid conditions that should be analyzed as risk factors for and further explored for risk adjustment of CLABSI and SSI.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:449–454
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Group expert ratings"
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Колпакова, Тетяна Олексіївна. "Методи, моделі та інформаційна технологія підтримки процесу вибору конкуруючих агентів." Thesis, Запорізький національний технічний університет, 2016. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/27267.
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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.13.06 – інформаційні технології. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2017.
Мета дисертації – підвищення ефективності процесу експертного оцінювання на основі методів, моделей та інформаційної технології підтримки процесу вибору конкуруючих агентів. Об'єкт дослідження – процес вибору конкуруючих агентів. Предмет дослідження – моделі, методи та інформаційна технологія вибору конкуруючих агентів. Розроблено нові моделі, методи та інформаційну технологію, які забез-печують підтримку впродовж всього процесу вибору конкуруючих агентів з метою підвищення якості рішення, що приймається. Запропоновано модель процесу вибору конкуруючих агентів, в якій склад-ний процес вибору декомпозується на чітко визначені етапи. Удосконалено метод визначення групових оцінок агентів на основі отримання, формалізації та агрегації індивідуальних експертних оцінок за кожним рішенням, що включає етапи абсолютного і відносного оцінювання та враховує коефіцієнти довіри до оцінки кожного учасника. Удосконалено метод оцінювання конкуруючих агентів за набором критеріїв, що дозволяє складати рейтинг агентів. Удосконалено метод оптимізації розподілу обсягу замовлення між конкуруючими агентами, який враховує відносні коефіцієнти важливості критеріїв. Створено інформаційну технологію, що дозволяє автоматизувати процес вибору конкуруючих агентів. Виконано експериментальні дослідження з вирішення практичних задач вибору конкуруючих агентів. Розроблену інформаційну систему впроваджено на підприємствах i в організаціях.The thesis for a candidate degree in technical sciences on the specialty 05.13.06 – Information Technologies. – National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Kharkiv, 2017. The purpose of the thesis – increasing of selection process effectiveness basing on methods, models and information technology of supporting the process of competing agents selecting. The object of research – the process of competing agents selecting. The subject of research – models, methods and information technology of competing agents selecting. New models, methods and information technology which provide support of the entire process of competing agents selecting and allow to improve the quality of decisions are developed. The model of the process of competing agents selecting, which represents decomposition of the process into a set of defined stages is proposed. The method of determining group ratings based on individual expert ratings for each decision which includes obtaining of individual ratings of experts comprising absolute and relative evaluation and takes into account coefficients of confidence in the evaluations provided by each participant is improved. The method of competing agents evaluating by a set of criteria that allows to rank the agents is improved. A method of optimizing the distribution of the order among competing agents which takes into account the relative importance of criteria is improved. An information technology which allows to automate the process competing agents selecting is developed. Experimental research on solving practical problems of competing agents selection was performed. The information system is implemented in enterprises and organizations.
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Колпакова, Тетяна Олексіївна. "Методи, моделі та інформаційна технологія підтримки процесу вибору конкуруючих агентів." Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2017. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/27266.
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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.13.06 – інформаційні технології. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2017.
Мета дисертації – підвищення ефективності процесу експертного оцінювання на основі методів, моделей та інформаційної технології підтримки процесу вибору конкуруючих агентів. Об'єкт дослідження – процес вибору конкуруючих агентів. Предмет дослідження – моделі, методи та інформаційна технологія вибору конкуруючих агентів. Розроблено нові моделі, методи та інформаційну технологію, які забез-печують підтримку впродовж всього процесу вибору конкуруючих агентів з метою підвищення якості рішення, що приймається. Запропоновано модель процесу вибору конкуруючих агентів, в якій склад-ний процес вибору декомпозується на чітко визначені етапи. Удосконалено метод визначення групових оцінок агентів на основі отримання, формалізації та агрегації індивідуальних експертних оцінок за кожним рішенням, що включає етапи абсолютного і відносного оцінювання та враховує коефіцієнти довіри до оцінки кожного учасника. Удосконалено метод оцінювання конкуруючих агентів за набором критеріїв, що дозволяє складати рейтинг агентів. Удосконалено метод оптимізації розподілу обсягу замовлення між конкуруючими агентами, який враховує відносні коефіцієнти важливості критеріїв. Створено інформаційну технологію, що дозволяє автоматизувати процес вибору конкуруючих агентів. Виконано експериментальні дослідження з вирішення практичних задач вибору конкуруючих агентів. Розроблену інформаційну систему впроваджено на підприємствах i в організаціях.The thesis for a candidate degree in technical sciences on the specialty 05.13.06 – Information Technologies. – National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Kharkiv, 2017. The purpose of the thesis – increasing of selection process effectiveness basing on methods, models and information technology of supporting the process of competing agents selecting. The object of research – the process of competing agents selecting. The subject of research – models, methods and information technology of competing agents selecting. New models, methods and information technology which provide support of the entire process of competing agents selecting and allow to improve the quality of decisions are developed. The model of the process of competing agents selecting, which represents decomposition of the process into a set of defined stages is proposed. The method of determining group ratings based on individual expert ratings for each decision which includes obtaining of individual ratings of experts comprising absolute and relative evaluation and takes into account coefficients of confidence in the evaluations provided by each participant is improved. The method of competing agents evaluating by a set of criteria that allows to rank the agents is improved. A method of optimizing the distribution of the order among competing agents which takes into account the relative importance of criteria is improved. An information technology which allows to automate the process competing agents selecting is developed. Experimental research on solving practical problems of competing agents selection was performed. The information system is implemented in enterprises and organizations.
Books on the topic "Group expert ratings"
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Bantekas, Ilias, and Cephas Lumina, eds. Sovereign Debt and Human Rights. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198810445.001.0001.
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The first book to address the links between sovereign debt and human rights. Authors are renowned jurists, economics, historians and social scientists, all of which examine the links between debt and human rights from a variety of angles. The book is structured around five basic parts. The first sets out the historical, political and economic context of sovereign debt. Indeed, without understanding how debt accumulates, why it is necessary and to whom it is owed, it is impossible to fully comprehend the full range of arguments about its impact on human rights. The second part effectively addresses the human rights dimension of the three types of sovereign lenders, namely inter-governmental financial institutions (IFIs) (chiefly those from the World Bank group and those within the EU framework), sovereigns and private lenders. Part II examines also debt-influencing mechanisms, and with the exception of vulture funds that will be analysed in Part V, here we examine the role of export credits, credit rating agencies and bilateral investment treaties. Part III goes on to make the link between debt and the manner in which the accumulation of sovereign debt violates human rights. From there, Part IV examines some of the conditions imposed by structural adjustment programs on debtor states with a view to servicing their debt. All of these conditionalities have been shown to exacerbate the debt itself at the expense also of economic sovereignty. It is thus explained in Part IV that such measures are not only injurious to the entrenched rights of peoples, but that moreover they exacerbate the borrower’s economic situation. Finally, Part V addresses the range of practical responses to sovereign debt, such as odious debt claims, unilateral repudiation, establishment of debt audit committees and others.
Book chapters on the topic "Group expert ratings"
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Lisboa, Ines, and Magali Costa. "International Effect on Family SME Financial Distress Prediction." In Cases on Internationalization Challenges for SMEs, 175–92. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4387-0.ch009.
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Understanding the reasons of default risk is crucial to avoid the firm's bankruptcy. The purpose of this work is to analyze the impact of internationalization on firm's probability of distress. For it, this chapter aims to propose a model to predict default specific to family SMEs (small and medium enterprises). An unbalanced panel of 10,832 firms over the period from 2012-2018 is analyzed. Ex-ante criteria to classify firms in default or compliant is used. International SMEs have lower probability of default than domestic firms, and compliant firms export more. Results show that export ratio is an important determinant of the probability of default. Moreover, the ratios of liquidity, profitability, size, leverage, efficiency, cash flow, and age are also relevant. Moreover, these ratios explain default risk of both groups international and domestic SMEs. The proposed model has an accuracy of 92.9%, which increases to 95.6% if only export SMEs are analyzed.
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Lisboa, Ines, and Magali Costa. "International Effect on Family SME Financial Distress Prediction." In Research Anthology on Strategies for Maintaining Successful Family Firms, 197–214. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3550-2.ch009.
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Understanding the reasons of default risk is crucial to avoid the firm's bankruptcy. The purpose of this work is to analyze the impact of internationalization on firm's probability of distress. For it, this chapter aims to propose a model to predict default specific to family SMEs (small and medium enterprises). An unbalanced panel of 10,832 firms over the period from 2012-2018 is analyzed. Ex-ante criteria to classify firms in default or compliant is used. International SMEs have lower probability of default than domestic firms, and compliant firms export more. Results show that export ratio is an important determinant of the probability of default. Moreover, the ratios of liquidity, profitability, size, leverage, efficiency, cash flow, and age are also relevant. Moreover, these ratios explain default risk of both groups international and domestic SMEs. The proposed model has an accuracy of 92.9%, which increases to 95.6% if only export SMEs are analyzed.
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Olim, Marta Freitas, Sónia Guadalupe, Fernanda da Conceição Bento Daniel, Joana Pimenta, Luís Carrasco, and Alexandre Gomes da Silva. "The Matrix of Complexity Associated With the Process of Social Intervention With Chronic Kidney Disease Patients." In Advances in Healthcare Information Systems and Administration, 85–114. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8470-4.ch004.
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This chapter discusses the standardization of instruments and typologies in social work assessment and introduces, from a multidimensional perspective, a new standardized instrument evaluating the level of complexity associated with the social intervention process in a sample of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. The authors evaluated the matrix's metric properties by internal consistency and defined a rating index through the best cutoff points, using receiver operator curve and Youden Index. Matrix construction and validation used focus groups of experts in blinded classification of 100 CKD patients and indicator weighting. The matrix shows good internal consistency and reliability (Cronbach's alpha = .742). Cutoff points indicate three levels of complexity classification. The matrix is a good instrument to identify the complexity associated with the social intervention process in the area of Nephrology, and is a relevant contribution to the social information management of social workers, the health teams and the administration of health units.
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Agarwal, Nitin, Huan Liu, and Jianping Zhang. "A Study of Friendship Networks and Blogosphere." In E-Collaboration, 1078–100. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-652-5.ch081.
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In Golbeck and Hendler (2006), authors consider those social friendship networking sites where users explicitly provide trust ratings to other members. However, for large social friendship networks it is infeasible to assign trust ratings to each and every member so they propose an inferring mechanism which would assign binary trust ratings (trustworthy/non-trustworthy) to those who have not been assigned one. They demonstrate the use of these trust values in e-mail ?ltering application domain and report encouraging results. Authors also assume three crucial properties of trust for their approach to work: transitivity, asymmetry, and personalization. These trust scores are often transitive, meaning, if Alice trusts Bob and Bob trusts Charles then Alice can trust Charles. Asymmetry says that for two people involved in a relationship, trust is not necessarily identical in both directions. This is contrary to what was proposed in Yu and Singh (2003). They assume symmetric trust values in the social friendship network. Social networks allow us to share experiences, thoughts, opinions, and ideas. Members of these networks, in return experience a sense of community, a feeling of belonging, a bonding that members matter to one another and their needs will be met through being together. Individuals expand their social networks, convene groups of like-minded individuals and nurture discussions. In recent years, computers and the World Wide Web technologies have pushed social networks to a whole new level. It has made possible for individuals to connect with each other beyond geographical barriers in a “flat” world. The widespread awareness and pervasive usability of the social networks can be partially attributed to Web 2.0. Representative interaction Web services of social networks are social friendship networks, the blogosphere, social and collaborative annotation (aka “folksonomies”), and media sharing. In this work, we brie?y introduce each of these with focus on social friendship networks and the blogosphere. We analyze and compare their varied characteristics, research issues, state-of-the-art approaches, and challenges these social networking services have posed in community formation, evolution and dynamics, emerging reputable experts and in?uential members of the community, information diffusion in social networks, community clustering into meaningful groups, collaboration recommendation, mining “collective wisdom” or “open source intelligence” from the exorbitantly available user-generated contents. We present a comparative study and put forth subtle yet essential differences of research in friendship networks and Blogosphere, and shed light on their potential research directions and on cross-pollination of the two fertile domains of ever expanding social networks on the Web.
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Günay, Semra. "Geography of Female Suicide." In Handbook of Research on Race, Gender, and the Fight for Equality, 580–613. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0047-6.ch025.
Full textAbstract:
Suicide is a complex structure and also affects the families whose members commit suicide, health care professionals and society. Suicide is accepted as a form of death of external causes. It can be predicted and majority of suicides can be prevented. Suicide shows a big amount of differences depending on time, region, age level, gender and race. In order to understand and prevent suicide, several geographical, medical, psychosocial, cultural and socioeconomic factors have been studied. A tiny disorder in one of these factors may cause a significant change that results in severe outcomes. In preventing suicide, it is important to determine the subgroups that have high risk. Strategies to prevent suicide can be developed through searching and understanding the suicide geography. In this study, the spatial pattern of female suicide is examined with suicide maps. With suicide maps, it is aimed to clarify the spatial alteration of the deaths caused by female suicide, to help in focusing on female suicide, to increase the awareness of the specific regions and groups that have a high risk and to guide those who are dealing with decreasing the death ratios, public health experts and decision makers. In Turkey, according to the suicide rate averages of ten years (2002-2011), mostly the young age groups are at risk among women. The ratio of suicides caused by family incompatibility, educational failure and emotional relationship and not forced marriage is higher in females than in males. Turkey is a northern hemisphere country and features subtropical climate types, where females mostly commit suicide in summer and spring seasons. It is observed that there is no peak period in female suicide in Turkey. When the distribution of suicide based death ratios are examined, it is seen that the highest ratios are in the eastern and western parts of Turkey. It is seen that suicide occurs in the provinces with low socioeconomic status as well as the provinces with high socioeconomic status and in provinces with both a large population and a small population. And also it is determined that for those provinces, detailed studies should immediately be started. It is seen that the ratio of female suicide is getting higher and approaching to the ratio of male suicide from western parts to eastern parts of Turkey. Between these years, 75% of the suicides were committed by means of violent methods and 25% of them were committed by means of nonviolent methods. The provinces where the ratio of using violent suicide methods is higher than the standard deviation are located in the eastern part of the country. It is noteworthy that the ratio of female suicide victims who are single is close to the ratio of those who are married. The suicide ratio of married women is decreasing from west to east.
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Günay, Semra. "Geography of Female Suicide." In Healthcare Policy and Reform, 1340–74. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6915-2.ch062.
Full textAbstract:
Suicide is a complex structure and also affects the families whose members commit suicide, health care professionals and society. Suicide is accepted as a form of death of external causes. It can be predicted and majority of suicides can be prevented. Suicide shows a big amount of differences depending on time, region, age level, gender and race. In order to understand and prevent suicide, several geographical, medical, psychosocial, cultural and socioeconomic factors have been studied. A tiny disorder in one of these factors may cause a significant change that results in severe outcomes. In preventing suicide, it is important to determine the subgroups that have high risk. Strategies to prevent suicide can be developed through searching and understanding the suicide geography. In this study, the spatial pattern of female suicide is examined with suicide maps. With suicide maps, it is aimed to clarify the spatial alteration of the deaths caused by female suicide, to help in focusing on female suicide, to increase the awareness of the specific regions and groups that have a high risk and to guide those who are dealing with decreasing the death ratios, public health experts and decision makers. In Turkey, according to the suicide rate averages of ten years (2002-2011), mostly the young age groups are at risk among women. The ratio of suicides caused by family incompatibility, educational failure and emotional relationship and not forced marriage is higher in females than in males. Turkey is a northern hemisphere country and features subtropical climate types, where females mostly commit suicide in summer and spring seasons. It is observed that there is no peak period in female suicide in Turkey. When the distribution of suicide based death ratios are examined, it is seen that the highest ratios are in the eastern and western parts of Turkey. It is seen that suicide occurs in the provinces with low socioeconomic status as well as the provinces with high socioeconomic status and in provinces with both a large population and a small population. And also it is determined that for those provinces, detailed studies should immediately be started. It is seen that the ratio of female suicide is getting higher and approaching to the ratio of male suicide from western parts to eastern parts of Turkey. Between these years, 75% of the suicides were committed by means of violent methods and 25% of them were committed by means of nonviolent methods. The provinces where the ratio of using violent suicide methods is higher than the standard deviation are located in the eastern part of the country. It is noteworthy that the ratio of female suicide victims who are single is close to the ratio of those who are married. The suicide ratio of married women is decreasing from west to east.
Conference papers on the topic "Group expert ratings"
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Miller, Scarlett R., Samuel T. Hunter, Elizabeth Starkey, Sharath Ramachandran, Faez Ahmed, and Mark Fuge. "How Should We Measure Creativity in Design Studies? A Comparison of Social Science and Engineering Approaches." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22446.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Design researchers have long sought to understand the mechanisms that support creative idea development. However, one of the key challenges faced by the design community is how to effectively measure the nebulous construct of creativity. The social science and engineering communities have adopted two vastly different approaches to solving this problem, both of which have been deployed throughout engineering design research. The goal of this paper was to compare and contrast these two approaches using design ratings of nearly 1000 engineering design ideas paired with a qualitative study with expert raters. The results of this study identify that while these two methods provide similar ratings of idea quality, there was a statistically significant negative relationship between these methods for ratings of idea novelty. Qualitative analysis of recordings from expert raters’ think aloud concept mapping points to potential sources of disagreement. In addition, the results show that while quasi-expert and expert raters provided similar ratings of design novelty, there was not significant agreement between these groups for ratings of design quality. The results of this study provide guidance for the deployment of idea ratings in engineering design research and evidence for the development and potential modification of engineering design creativity metrics.
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Solberg, Knut Espen, Endre Barane, and Ove Tobias Gudmestad. "Identification of Key Elements for Compliance of the IMO Polar Code Requirement of Minimum 5 Days Survival Time." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61491.
Full textAbstract:
IMO has developed the functionally based Polar Code, which entered into force 01.01.2017. The code requires marine operators to provide lifesaving equipment that ensures a minimum of 5 days survival time. This requirement puts additional strain on the existing life-saving appliances. To identify the key elements for compliance of the IMO Polar Code, a full-scale exercise (SARex, (April 2016)) was initiated and organized by University of Stavanger, the Norwegian Coast Guard and GMC Maritime. The object of the SARex full scale exercise was to identify the gaps between the functionality provided by existing SOLAS approved safety equipment and the functionality required by the Polar Code. The exercise was conducted with the help of the vessel KV Svalbard (Norwegian Coast Guard), and participated by leading experts from industry, governmental organizations and academia. The following topics were specifically addressed in the exercise that took place in the marginal ice zone of the coast of Svalbard late April 2016: 1. Functionality of survival craft and PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) polar conditions. 2. Coast Guard’s search and rescue procedures, including handling of mass evacuations in Polar Regions. 3. Functionality of Personal/Group survival gear according to the requirements defined in the IMO Polar Code. Survival for 5 days according to the requirements defined in the IMO Polar Code in a life raft represents a large challenge with regard to design of rescue craft, design of PPE (Personal Protective Equipment), rations and on-board organization. As the IMO Polar Code is functional based, a holistic approach has to be utilized when assessing the survival chain. For an assessment of the survival chain to be conducted in a sustainable manner, key elements essential for survival in a life raft have to be identified and prioritized. Designing a survival chain applicable to maritime industry also involves considering commercial, economic and operational restrictions. The paper will elaborate on the key elements essential for a minimum of 5 days survival in a life raft based on the findings identified in the Phase 1, Functionality of survival craft and PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) polar conditions, of the SARex exercise. The findings will be assessed and evaluated based on industry limitations.
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Taylor, W. Boyd, Katherine J. Knobbs, C. E. Gene Carpenter, and Shah N. Malik. "Using Technology to Support Proactive Management of Materials Degradation for the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-26063.
Full textAbstract:
The majority of the U.S. reactor fleet is applying for license renewal to extend the operating life from the current 40 years to 60 years, and there is now active interest in extending the operating life to beyond 60 years. Many plants are also applying for increases in power rating and both of these changes increases the need for an improved understanding of materials degradation. Many materials degrade over time and much is known about the degradation of materials under normal environmental conditions; however, less is known about the characteristics of materials degradation when the environment is subject to higher than normal radiological conditions over extended periods of time. Significant efforts are being made by industrial, academic and regulatory groups worldwide to identify, classify and mitigate potential problems arising from degradation of components in this context. From a regulatory perspective, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is very interested in being able to identify ways to ensure their licensees proactively manage the identification of materials degradation and the mitigation of its effects. To date, the NRC has consolidated “generic” programs for mitigating aging issues in the two volume Generic Aging Lessons Learned (GALL) Report (NUREG-1801) and has encouraged applicants for license renewal to use these programs where applicable in their plant when applying for renewal of their reactor’s license. The NRC has also published a comprehensive report entitled Expert Panel Report on Proactive Materials Degradation (NUREG/CR-6923) [3]. This report inventories the types of degradation mechanisms that could exist in each component of a light water reactor (LWR) and indicates how much is known about mitigating the effects within that context. Since the number of plant designs and materials used varies greatly within the U.S. fleet, there are many variations to implementing aging management programs (AMPs), requiring significant dialogs between the licensee and the NRC. These discussions are part of the licensing basis and as such are documented with up to multi-hundred page responses that are loosely coupled through the NRC Agency-wide Document Access and Management System (ADAMS). ADAMS serves as an electronic records repository for the NRC. These discussions have supported revisions to the GALL, including the revision that is being prepared as this paper is being written. The NRC has sought the help of the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) to improve their staff’s ability to navigate the significant numbers of documents that are generated in this process. PNNL is also to provide a forum for regulators, licensees, and researchers to share knowledge in their efforts to improve the cyclic process for defining, applying, validating, and re-defining AMPs. Work to date in this area is publicly accessible, and this paper will describe that work and outline a potential path forward. The presenter will also demonstrate the capabilities of the PMMD information tools (http://pmmd.pnl.gov).
Reports on the topic "Group expert ratings"
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WANG, Xuesong, Xuliang SHI, Jing LV, Juncha ZHANG, Yongli HUO, Guang ZUO, Guangtong LU, Cunzhi LIU, and Yanfen SHE. Acupuncture and Related Therapies for anxiety and depression in Diarrhoea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome(IBS-D): A Network Meta-Analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.3.0162.
Full textAbstract:
Review question / Objective: Acupuncture-related therapies are effective Diarrhoea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome(IBS-D), therefore, our aim was to evaluate and rank the effect of different acupuncture-related therapies for the anxiety-depression status of IBS-D patients. Eligibility criteria: The published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture-related therapies for the treatment of IBS-D, regardless of age and sex. Clear diagnostic criteria were required to confirm the diagnosis of IBS-D, Such as Rome I, Rome II, Rome III, Rome IV, and Chinese expert consensus. Interventions in the treatment group included various types of acupuncture-related therapies, including simple acupuncture (ACU), electroacupuncture (EA), warm acupuncture (WA), moxibustion (MOX), or a combination of acupuncture and drugs; the control group is anti-diarrheal or anti-spasmodic western medicine, or placebo, or comparison between various acupuncture-related therapies. The results of the report are required to include at least one of the following outcome indicators: (1) primary outcome: Hamilton anxiety rating scale( HAMA), hamilton depression rating scale(HAMD), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale(SDS), secondary outcome: Response rate. The language of the publication was limited to Chinese or English.
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Financial Stability Report - Second Semester of 2020. Banco de la República de Colombia, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-estab-fin.sem2.eng-2020.
Full textAbstract:
The Colombian financial system has not suffered major structural disruptions during these months of deep economic contraction and has continued to carry out its basic functions as usual, thus facilitating the economy's response to extreme conditions. This is the result of the soundness of financial institutions at the beginning of the crisis, which was reflected in high liquidity and capital adequacy indicators as well as in the timely response of various authorities. Banco de la República lowered its policy interest rates 250 points to 1.75%, the lowest level since the creation of the new independent bank in 1991, and provided ample temporary and permanent liquidity in both pesos and foreign currency. The Office of the Financial Superintendent of Colombia, in turn, adopted prudential measures to facilitate changes in the conditions for loans in effect and temporary rules for rating and loan-loss provisions. Finally, the national government expanded the transfers as well as the guaranteed credit programs for the economy. The supply of real credit (i.e. discounting inflation) in the economy is 4% higher today than it was 12 months ago with especially marked growth in the housing (5.6%) and commercial (4.7%) loan portfolios (2.3% in consumer and -0.1% in microloans), but there have been significant changes over time. During the first few months of the quarantine, firms increased their demands for liquidity sharply while consumers reduced theirs. Since then, the growth of credit to firms has tended to slow down, while consumer and housing credit has grown. The financial system has responded satisfactorily to the changes in the respective demands of each group or sector and loans may grow at high rates in 2021 if GDP grows at rates close to 4.6% as the technical staff at the Bank expects; but the forecasts are highly uncertain. After the strict quarantine implemented by authorities in Colombia, the turmoil seen in March and early April, which was evident in the sudden reddening of macroeconomic variables on the risk heatmap in Graph A,[1] and the drop in crude oil and coal prices (note the high volatility registered in market risk for the region on Graph A) the local financial markets stabilized relatively quickly. Banco de la República’s credible and sustained policy response played a decisive role in this stabilization in terms of liquidity provision through a sharp expansion of repo operations (and changes in amounts, terms, counterparties, and eligible instruments), the purchases of public and private debt, and the reduction in bank reserve requirements. In this respect, there is now abundant aggregate liquidity and significant improvements in the liquidity position of investment funds. In this context, the main vulnerability factor for financial stability in the short term is still the high degree of uncertainty surrounding loan quality. First, the future trajectory of the number of people infected and deceased by the virus and the possible need for additional health measures is uncertain. For that reason, there is also uncertainty about the path for economic recovery in the short and medium term. Second, the degree to which the current shock will be reflected in loan quality once the risk materializes in banks’ financial statements is uncertain. For the time being, the credit risk heatmap (Graph B) indicates that non-performing and risky loans have not shown major deterioration, but past experience indicates that periods of sharp economic slowdown eventually tend to coincide with rises in non-performing loans: the calculations included in this report suggest that the impact of the recession on credit quality could be significant in the short term. This is particularly worrying since the profitability of credit establishments has been declining in recent months, and this could affect their ability to provide credit to the real sector of the economy. In order to adopt a forward-looking approach to this vulnerability, this Report presents several stress tests that evaluate the resilience of the liquidity and capital adequacy of credit institutions and investment funds in the event of a hypothetical scenario that seeks to simulate an extreme version of current macroeconomic conditions. The results suggest that even though there could be strong impacts on the credit institutions’ volume of credit and profitability under such scenarios, aggregate indicators of total and core capital adequacy will probably remain at levels that are above the regulatory limits over the horizon of a year. At the same time, the exercises highlight the high capacity of the system's liquidity to face adverse scenarios. In compliance with its constitutional objectives and in coordination with the financial system's security network, Banco de la República will continue to closely monitor the outlook for financial stability at this juncture and will make the decisions that are necessary to ensure the proper functioning of the economy, facilitate the flow of sufficient credit and liquidity resources, and further the smooth operation of the payment systems. Juan José Echavarría Governor