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Journal articles on the topic 'Group decision making Victoria'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Ban, Paul, and Phillip Swain. "Family Group Conferences, part two: Putting the ‘family’ back into child protection." Children Australia 19, no. 4 (1994): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s103507720000417x.

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This is the second of two articles examining the establishment of Family Decision Making in Victoria. The first ‘Family Group Conferences – Part One: Australia's first Project in Child Protection’ was presented in the previous edition of Children Australia. This article builds upon the first by presenting an overview of the evaluation of the Victorian Family Decision Making Project, and pointing to practice and other implications of the development of this Project for child welfare services generally.

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Ban, Paul, and Phillip Swain. "Family group conferences, part one: Australia's first project within child protection." Children Australia 19, no. 3 (1994): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200004053.

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Family decision making through Family Group Conferences has been trialled in a pilot project by the Mission of St James and St John, Victoria, for the past 16 months (as of February 1994) in a two year Project. This article, the first of a series of two, intends to briefly explain the technique and how the project was established in Victoria. The theoretical basis, or project assumptions, will be outlined, together with the obstacles which currently prevent the wider implementation of the practice. The project was independently evaluated from October 1992 up to 31 August 1993 (Swain, 1993a; 1993b). Key findings of that evaluation will be discussed in the second article in this series along with practice issues that need further exploration.

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Peate, Michelle, Sherine Sandhu, Sabine Braat, Roger Hart, Robert Norman, Anna Parle, Raelia Lew, and Martha Hickey. "Randomized control trial of a decision aid for women considering elective egg freezing: The Eggsurance study protocol." Women's Health 18 (January 2022): 174550572211396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17455057221139673.

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Background: Uptake of elective egg freezing has increased globally. The decision to freeze eggs is complex, and detailed, unbiased information is needed. To address this, we developed an online Decision Aid for women considering elective egg freezing. Decision Aids are the standard of care to support complex health decisions. Objectives: This study will measure the impact of the Decision Aid on decision-making (e.g. decisional conflict, engagement in decision-making, distress, and decision delay) and decision quality (e.g. knowledge, level of informed choice, and regret). Methods and Analysis: A single-blinded two-arm parallel-group randomized controlled trial. Women considering elective egg freezing will be recruited using social media, newsletters, and fertility clinics. Data will be collected at baseline (recruitment), 6-month, and 12-month post-randomization. The primary hypothesis is that the intervention (Decision Aid plus Victorian Assisted Reproductive Technology Authority website) will reduce decisional conflict (measured using the Decisional Conflict Scale) at 12 months more than control (Victorian Assisted Reproductive Technology Authority website only). Secondary outcomes include engagement in decision-making (Perceived Involvement in Care Scale), distress (Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale), decision delay, knowledge, informed choice (Multi-dimensional Measure of Informed Choice), and decisional regret (Decisional Regret Scale). Ethics: The study was approved by the University of Melbourne Human Research Ethics Committee (Ethics ID: 2056457). Informed consent will be obtained from all participants prior to enrolment. Discussion: This is the first international randomized controlled trial that aims to investigate the effect of an elective egg freezing Decision Aid on decision-related outcomes (e.g. decisional conflict, informed choice, and regret). It is anticipated that participants who receive the Decision Aid will have better decision and health outcomes. Registration details: ACTRN12620001032943: Comparing different information resources on the process and quality of decision-making in women considering elective egg freezing.

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Lane, Haylee, Tamica Sturgess, Kathleen Philip, Donna Markham, Jill Walsh, Wendy Hubbard, Jennifer Martin, and Terry Haines. "How Do Allied Health Professionals Define and Apply Equity When Making Resource Allocation Decisions?" International Journal of Health Services 48, no. 2 (March 26, 2018): 349–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020731418762721.

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An ethnographic study was conducted in 2 stages to understand how allied health professionals define and apply equity when making resource allocation decisions. Participants were allied health managers and clinicians from Victoria, Australia. Stage 1 included 4 semi-structured forums that incorporated real-life case studies, group discussions, and hypothetical scenarios. The project’s steering committee began a thematic analysis during post-forum discussions. Stage 2 included a key stakeholder working party that further discussed the concept of equity. The forum recordings were transcribed verbatim, and a detailed thematic analysis ensured the initial thematic analysis was complete. Several domains of equity were discussed. Participants would readily identify that equity was a consideration when making resource decisions but were generally silent for a prolonged period when prompted to identify what they meant when using this term. The findings indicate that asking allied health professionals to directly state how they define and apply equity to their decision-making could be too difficult a task, as this did not elicit rich and meaningful discussions. Future research should examine individual domains of equity when applied to resource allocation decisions.

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Toppings, Jillian Lauren, Thomas Ferguson, and Olave Krigolson. "The Effects of Acute Stress on the Neural Correlates of Decision-Making." Arbutus Review 11, no. 2 (November 26, 2020): 62–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/tar112202019597.

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Abstract Stress has been defined in many ways and is typically induced as a response to a threat to homeostasis. Stress affects decision-making, and the effects of stress on subcomponents of decision-making can be indirectly measured through EEG. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of acute stress on the neural correlates of decision-making. We hypothesized that acute stress would decrease the reward and attentional sensitivity, seen through reduced P300 and reward positivity component activity. The results were that the mean percent change from baseline for heart rate was higher for the stress condition during the TSST. The stress group also had decreased positive affect scores and increased negative affect scores for the STAI questionnaire and decreased positive affect scores for the PANAS questionnaire. Additionally, while not significant, there was a trend towards reduced P300 component activity in the stress condition, potentially indicative of reduced attentional sensitivity. Further research is needed to explore the implications for reward sensitivity, utilizing multiple tasks, and including cortisol measurement. Stress is common to everyday life and has been implicated chronically in numerous health conditions. Understanding how stress affects executive function, particularly decision-making, is therefore crucial in both the short- and long-term. Keywords: stress; decision-making; ERPs; P300 component; reward positivity component *This research was supported by a Jamie Cassels Undergraduate Research Award, University of Victoria.

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Ordóñez, Camilo, Dave Kendal, Caragh G. Threlfall, Dieter F. Hochuli, Melanie Davern, Richard A. Fuller, Rodney van der Ree, and Stephen J. Livesley. "How Urban Forest Managers Evaluate Management and Governance Challenges in Their Decision-Making." Forests 11, no. 9 (September 2, 2020): 963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11090963.

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Decisions about urban forests are critical to urban liveability and resilience. This study aimed to evaluate the range of positions held by urban forest managers from local governments in the state of Victoria, Australia, regarding the management and governance challenges that affect their decision-making. This study was based on a Q-method approach, a procedure that allows researchers to evaluate the range of positions that exist about a topic in a structured manner based on the experiences of a wide group of people. We created statements on a wide range of urban forest management and governance challenges and asked urban forest managers to rate their level of agreement with these statements via an online survey. Managers generally agreed about the challenges posed by urban development and climate change for implementing local government policies on urban forest protection and expansion. However, there were divergent views about how effective solutions based on increasing operational capacities, such as increasing budgets and personnel, could address these challenges. For some managers, it was more effective to improve critical governance challenges, such as inter-departmental and inter-municipal coordination, community engagement, and addressing the culture of risk aversion in local governments. Urban forest regional strategies aimed at coordinating management and governance issues across cities should build on existing consensus on development and environmental threats and address critical management and governance issues not solely related to local government operational capacity.

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Haas, Romi, Stephen Maloney, Eva Pausenberger, Jennifer L. Keating, Jane Sims, Elizabeth Molloy, Brian Jolly, Prue Morgan, and Terry Haines. "Clinical Decision Making in Exercise Prescription for Fall Prevention." Physical Therapy 92, no. 5 (May 1, 2012): 666–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20110130.

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Background Physical therapists often prescribe exercises for fall prevention. Understanding the factors influencing the clinical decision-making processes used by expert physical therapists working in specialist fall and balance clinics may assist other therapists in prescribing exercises for fall prevention with greater efficacy. Objectives The objective of this study was to describe the factors influencing the clinical decision-making processes used by expert physical therapists to prescribe exercises for fall prevention. Design This investigation was a qualitative study from a phenomenological perspective. Methods Semistructured telephone interviews were conducted with 24 expert physical therapists recruited primarily from the Victorian Falls Clinic Coalition. Interviews focused on 3 exercise prescription contexts: face-to-face individual therapy, group exercise programs, and home exercise programs. Interviews elicited information about therapist practices and the therapist, patient, and environmental factors influencing the clinical decision-making processes for the selection of exercise setting, type, dosage (intensity, quantity, rest periods, duration, and frequency), and progression. Strategies for promoting adherence and safety were also discussed. Data were analyzed with a framework approach by 3 investigators. Results Participants described highly individualized exercise prescription approaches tailored to address key findings from physical assessments. Dissonance between prescribing a program that was theoretically correct on the basis of physiological considerations and prescribing one that a client would adhere to was evident. Safety considerations also were highly influential on the exercise type and setting prescribed. Terminology for describing the intensity of balance exercises was vague relative to terminology for describing the intensity of strength exercises. Conclusions Physical therapists with expertise in fall prevention adopted an individualized approach to exercise prescription that was based on physical assessment findings rather than “off-the-shelf” exercise programs commonly used in fall prevention research. Training programs for people who prescribe exercises for older adults at risk of falling should encompass these findings.

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Liang, Zhangming, Peter Howard, and Dennis Wollersheim. "Assessing the Competence of Evidence-Informed Decision-Making Amongst Health Service Managers." Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management 12, no. 3 (November 12, 2017): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24083/apjhm.v12i3.53.

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Objective: Evidence-informed decision-making (EIDM) amongst health service managers has been positively linked to better decision outcome, hence more effective healthcare provision. Efforts to improve EIDM practice are required to meet the current challenging healthcare environment. One key step to improve such practices is skill enhancement. The purpose of the study is the measure the competence of mid-level managers in two Victorian hospitals in applying EIDM in their roles. Design: The competence of 25 mid-level managers in applying EIDM in their roles was assessed via a 360° process using an online management competency assessment tool (MCAP Tool) and case-study objective assessment tool. Setting: Mid-level managers working in Victorian hospitals were selected. Main outcome measures: The competence of mid-level managers in applying the competency of EIDM was assessed. This paper discusses the areas of improvement identified in enhancing the competence of EIDM amongst mid-level managers in the group, organisational and individual levels Results: EIDM is an important competency for health service managers. Managers who participated in the assessment are competent in applying EIDM in their roles, but require guidance and improvements. Strengths and weaknesses of managers in applying EIDM in their roles varied between organisations. Conclusion: This paper suggests that not only improvement of specific aspects of evidenceinformed decision-making amongst health service managers are required, additional more systematic changes at the organisational and individual management level are essential to achieve competent evidence-informed decision-making practices amongst health service managers. Abbreviations: CCA – Combined Colleagues; CEO – Chief Executive Officer; EIDM – Evidence Informed Decision Making; OA – Objective Assessment; SA – Self Assessment.

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Mwebesa, Nicholas Mwebaze. "Transboundary water governance and water conflicts in the Lake Victoria Basin: an adaptive and integrative management approach." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 15, no. 7 (April 22, 2022): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v15i7.10s.

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Lake Victoria Basin is a transboundary natural resource shared by five East African Community countries. The Basin experiences unsustainable water resource utilization and management which creates conflicts among the users. This objective of this study was to examine the contribution of transboundary water governance systems in managing the water conflicts in the Basin. Qualitative data were collected through interviews and focused group discussions where respondents were clustered and purposively selected while quantitative data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS. Lake Victoria Basin Governance Performance Composite Index was also used to assess the effectiveness of governance systems in the Basin. The study findings revealed that: transboundary water governance systems with participation, integration, legal frameworks, collaboration, equity and adaptability, all with P < 0.05 negatively and significantly influence the causes of conflicts and water management challenges; integration (20%) and equity (19%) contribute highly to the model; and both adaptive and integrative water governance systems are less effective with a score of 34% and 35% respectively. The study concludes that the current management systems require an adaptive and integrative governance system. The study recommends harmonization of regional laws and policies governing the Basin and involvement of local communities in decision making.

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Mwebesa, Nicholas Mwebaze. "Transboundary water governance and water conflicts in the Lake Victoria Basin: an adaptive and integrative management approach." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 15, no. 7 (April 22, 2022): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v15i7.10s.

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Lake Victoria Basin is a transboundary natural resource shared by five East African Community countries. The Basin experiences unsustainable water resource utilization and management which creates conflicts among the users. This objective of this study was to examine the contribution of transboundary water governance systems in managing the water conflicts in the Basin. Qualitative data were collected through interviews and focused group discussions where respondents were clustered and purposively selected while quantitative data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS. Lake Victoria Basin Governance Performance Composite Index was also used to assess the effectiveness of governance systems in the Basin. The study findings revealed that: transboundary water governance systems with participation, integration, legal frameworks, collaboration, equity and adaptability, all with P < 0.05 negatively and significantly influence the causes of conflicts and water management challenges; integration (20%) and equity (19%) contribute highly to the model; and both adaptive and integrative water governance systems are less effective with a score of 34% and 35% respectively. The study concludes that the current management systems require an adaptive and integrative governance system. The study recommends harmonization of regional laws and policies governing the Basin and involvement of local communities in decision making.

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Medard, Modesta, Han van Dijk, and Paul Hebinck. "Competing for kayabo: gendered struggles for fish and livelihood on the shore of Lake Victoria." Maritime Studies 18, no. 3 (November 5, 2019): 321–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40152-019-00146-1.

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Abstract The dry-salted trade of Nile perch or kayabo is important for many along the shores of Lake Victoria. The kayabo trade started in the 1990s and has been increasingly restructured due to changing regional and global trade relationships. This shift has led to the emergence of hierarchical trading relations, which create an exploitative network in which powerful middlemen control the access of trade for women from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and marginalizes the Tanzanian women, changing the organization from a poly-centric to a more centralized trade organization in the hands of a small group of powerful business men. We show in this paper that whereas the women traders from the DRC manoeuvred themselves in positions from which they could manipulate the network through bribery and conniving to derive substantial capital gains from the kayabo trade, their Tanzanian counterparts however are excluded from the decision-making processes, access to fish resources, financial capital, and negotiation power. They persevere by operating in increasingly competitive markets, relying on illegal fish that they sell with little profit at local and domestic markets. They survive in jobs that are insecure and risky by nature.

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Canaway, Rachel, Khic-Houy Prang, Marie Bismark, David Dunt, and Margaret Kelaher. "Public disclosure of hospital clinicians' performance data: insights from medical directors." Australian Health Review 44, no. 2 (2020): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah18128.

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Objective This study gathered information from public hospital chief medical officers to better understand underlying mechanisms through which public reporting affects institutional behavioural change and decision making towards quality improvement. Methods This qualitative study used thematic analysis of 17 semistructured, in-depth interviews among a peak group of medical directors representing 26 health services in Victoria, Australia. Results The medical directors indicated a high level of in-principle support for public reporting of identifiable, individual clinician-level data. However, they also described varying conceptual understanding of what public reporting of performance data is. Overall, they considered public reporting of individual clinicians’ performance data a means to improve health care quality, increase transparency and inform consumer healthcare decision making. Most identified caveats that would need to be met before such data should be publicly released, in particular the need to resolve issues around data quality and timeliness, context and interpretation and ethics. Acknowledgement of the public’s right to access individual clinician-level data was at odds with some medical directors’ belief that such reporting may diminish trust between clinicians and their employers, thus eroding rather than motivating quality improvement. Conclusions Public reporting of identifiable individual healthcare clinicians’ performance data is an issue that merits robust research and debate given the effects such reporting may have on doctors and on hospital quality and safety. What is known about the topic? The public reporting of individual clinician-level data is a mechanism used in some countries, but not in Australia, for increasing health care transparency and quality. Clinician-level public reporting of doctors’ performance attracts contention and debate in Australia. What does this paper add? This paper informs debate around the public reporting of individual clinician-level performance data. Among a discrete cohort of senior hospital administrators in Victoria, Australia, there was strong in-principle support for such public reporting as a means to improve hospital quality and safety. What are the implications for practitioners? Before public reporting of individual clinician performance data could occur in Australia, resolution of issues would be required relating to legality and ethics, data context and interpretation, data quality and timeliness.

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Liang, Zhanming, Peter F. Howard, Lee C. Koh, and Sandra Leggat. "Competency requirements for middle and senior managers in community health services." Australian Journal of Primary Health 19, no. 3 (2013): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py12041.

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The Australian health system has been subjected to rapid changes in the last 20 years to meet increasingly unmet health needs. Improvement of the efficiency and comprehensiveness of community-based services is one of the solutions to reducing the increasing demand for hospital care. Competent managers are one of the key contributors to effective and efficient health service delivery. However, the understanding of what makes a competent manager, especially in the community health services (CHS), is limited. Using an exploratory and mixed-methods approach, including focus group discussions and an online survey, this study identified five key competencies required by senior and mid-level CHS managers in metropolitan, regional and rural areas of Victoria: Interpersonal, communication qualities and relationship management; Operations, administration and resource management; Knowledge of the health care environment; Leading and managing change; and Evidence-informed decision-making. This study confirms that core competencies do exist across different management levels and improves our understanding of managerial competency requirements for middle to senior CHS managers, with implications for current and future health service management workforce development.

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Lovell, Janaka J., Aleece MacPhail, Nicola Cunningham, Margaret Winbolt, Carmel Young, Tony Pham, and Joseph E. Ibrahim. "Junior doctors and limitation-of-care orders: perspectives, experiences and the challenge of dealing with persons with dementia." European Journal for Person Centered Healthcare 5, no. 3 (September 26, 2017): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/ejpch.v5i3.1340.

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Background/Objectives: Globally, junior doctors play a central role in completing limitation of care orders (LCOs). This study aims to guide improvement of LCO utility by ascertaining junior doctor perspectives, LCO experiences and identifying challenges encountered in LCOs for patients with dementia, a particularly complex patient group. Design/Setting/Participants: Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Participants were registered medical practitioners who had graduated within the previous 3 years and were practicing in a hospital in Victoria, Australia. Results: Nineteen junior doctors were interviewed between December 2013 and January 2015. Junior doctors were frequently involved in discussion and decision-making around treatment limitations and end-of-life care. Participants described inconsistent support, a lack of preparedness, a vague understanding of related hospital policies and inadequate knowledge and experience when it came to completing LCOs. Although participants acknowledged the additional nuances of capacity and prognosis assessment for patients with dementia, they did not feel that the processes for completing LCOs were significantly different for these persons. Many also recognised that decisions were often made without adequate consultation with the relevant stakeholders in this patient group. Conclusion: The junior doctors in this study highlighted global challenges in providing appropriate end-of-life care, particularly when they are responsible for this role. To improve patient care and ensure the wellbeing of junior doctors, hospitals need to address gaps in training needs and supervision with respect to end-of-life care, as well as to implement policies that support consistent and informed use of LCOs.

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Trompf, J. P., P. W. G. Sale, G. Saul, J. Shovelton, and B. Graetz. "Changes in practices and decisions resulting from the paired-paddock model used in the Grassland’s Productivity Program." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 38, no. 8 (1998): 843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea98058.

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Summary. A detailed survey was undertaken in the spring of 1995 with 20 wool producers in south-west Victoria and the south-east of South Australia to determine the impact of their participation for 18 months in a program called the Grassland’s Productivity Program. This program involved groups of producers establishing paired-paddock comparisons on their own farms with guidance from an experienced facilitator. Productive pasture practices (increased fertiliser rates, responsive pasture species and high stocking rates) were used in one paddock, while the remaining paddock was managed with existing practices. A second group of 15 producers from the same districts who did not participate in the Grassland’s Productivity Program were selected at random and also surveyed. Although the 2 groups of producers had similar pasture productivity parameters (phosphorus fertiliser, stocking rates and pasture resowing rates) in the autumn of 1993, the Grassland’s Productivity Program participants had significantly (P<0.05) increased phosphorus fertiliser rates on average from 5.7 to 10.5 kg P/ha, stocking rates from 9.4 to 10.7 dse/ha, and the area of the farm that was being resown to new pasture from 2.9 to 4.0%, by the spring of 1995. There was no change in the pasture practices of the non- Grassland’s Productivity Program producers over this period. The Grassland’s Productivity Program participants also increased their use of soil testing and plant tissue testing and changed their rationale for making fertiliser and stocking decisions. The decisions were now based on an assessment of soil fertility and animal production target levels, together with accurate assessment of pasture production and animal requirements, rather than on past experiences and normal district practices. The increased adoption of the productive pasture technology (practice change) was directly related to a change in attitude to decision making. This change in attitude or beliefs among Grassland’s Productivity Program participants was a result of the action learning experiences that disposed or modified existing beliefs, while integrating the productive pasture technology in a contextualised manner. The paired-paddock approach to learning enabled each participant to witness the productive pasture technology perform on their own farm, in direct comparison with the existing management approach. The participants developed increased confidence in their ability to manage this technology from group-learning experiences, which occurred at regular group meetings.

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Walker, Rae, Jonathan Pietsch, Lisa Delaney, Barry Hahn, Carolyn Wallace, and Kitty Billings. "Partnership Management: Working Across Organisational Boundaries." Australian Journal of Primary Health 13, no. 3 (2007): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py07032.

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The short paper that follows is fundamentally about evidence-based practice. In Kuruvilla, Mays, Pleasant and Walt's (2006) terms it was an exercise in the application of research to service development and evidence-based practice. In Walter, Nutley, and Davies' (2003) taxonomy it resulted in a professional intervention, the development of which was led by research users seeking evidence to inform practice development. The team emerged out of a social network of individuals interested in partnership development issues (Kalucy, McIntyre, & Jackson-Bowers, 2007). The resulting paper was the foundation for a significant investment, by the Department of Human Services, in building capacity for partnership leadership in Victoria. The team that undertook this research-to-practice project consisted of three Primary Care Partnership (PCP) executive officers/managers, one of whom was also executive officer to the Statewide Chairs and Managers Group, a university researcher, and a final year undergraduate student working as a volunteer. The executive officer to the Statewide Chairs and Managers Group formed the team to explore broad issues of PCP development and to report to the chairs. The Statewide Chairs and Managers Group was the pathway through which the group's work would reach decision-makers. After a series of meetings to clarify the issues to be addressed, a developmental process for working with the chairs and managers was designed. The executive officers/managers were key to clear issue definition and appropriate process; the researcher to linking the issues to the partnership evidence base. The process relied on tapping the tacit knowledge of PCP managers and chairs and relating this to the relevant body of research. In this process implicit learning needs in regard to partnership leadership were articulated within a framework developed out of a complex research project undertaken with similar partnerships elsewhere. The university researcher on the team had a long history of research into partnerships and networks in the field of primary health care. The specific research project in question was a National Health and Medical Research Council-funded study of trust in the relationships between organisations in a Primary Care Partnership. The study of trust in a partnership is necessarily a study of partnership processes more generally. It was the general learning about partnership processes from this and related research that turned out to be so useful for the service system. The report of this work, that follows, was written in a form suitable for decision-making. It is not a research report but it is built on strong research-based frameworks that were "tested" in the local context. The recommendations are specific to PCPs in Victoria but will also be familiar to partnership workers elsewhere. The predicted effects of the recommendations are supported by research evidence.

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Boon, PI, P. Virtue, and PD Nichols. "Microbial consortia in wetland sediments: a biomarker analysis of the effect of hydrological regime, vegetation and season on benthic microbes." Marine and Freshwater Research 47, no. 1 (1996): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9960027.

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Microbial consortia in the sediments from a permanent wetland near Albury-Wodonga in north-eastern Victoria, Australia (Ryans 1 Billabong), and an ephemeral wetland near Shepparton in central Victoria (Raftery's Swamp) were quantified by analyses of phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA), polar lipid ether lipid (PLEL), sterol and alcohol profiles. Prokaryotic organisms dominated the benthic assemblages in both wetlands. Total prokaryotic abundance (i.e. eubacteria plus archaea) was estimated to be (7-17) × 109 cells g-1 sediment (dry weight). Methanogenic archaea were estimated to number (1-5.4) × 109 cells g-1 and to account for 11-36% of the total benthic prokaryotes; these values are apparently among the highest recorded for temperate lake or river environments. PLFAs indicative of specific metabolic groups (e.g. sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), methanotrophic bacteria, etc.) were also detected. The PLFA profiles indicated that Type I methanotrophs (abundant in C16 PLFAs) were more abundant than the Type II group, which contain C18 PLFAs. Acetate-utilizing SRB were more abundant than were lactate-utilizing SRB, but neither group was dominant. Ergosterol was not detected, which suggested that fungi were not a significant component of the benthic microbial consortia in spite of both wetlands having abundant inputs from aquatic and fringing vascular plants. Other biomarkers, such as sterols, long-chain alcohols, triterpenoids and phytol, demonstrated inputs from these higher plants. PLFA, PLEL and sterol profiles indicated that benthic microbial consortia were affected by hydrological regime, the presence of aquatic vegetation, and season. Information from this preliminary study may assist in the making of informed management decisions on environmental water allocations for natural ecosystems.

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George, Ouma, Odhiambo G. Duncan, Musyimi David, and Kwach Johnson. "Livelihood assessment of avocado growing in western Kenya and its socioeconomic implications using agricultural extension services." International Journal of Agricultural Extension 6, no. 2 (September 9, 2018): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/ijae.006.02.2286.

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Avocado (Persia americana) is an important world crop. In Kenya, it has become a very important crop but its production is limited by several factors. Studies were conducted in the Lake Victoria Basin counties of Bunyala in Busia, Kisumu, Muhoroni, Nyando and Rachuonyo in western Kenya to investigate the socioeconomic factors affecting Avocado production. Information were collected from focus group discussions, key informants, individual interviews and secondary sources. Statistical Package for Social Scientist was used to analyze data collected interpreted and reported. The objectives were to assess how Avocado growers in western Kenya using Agricultural extension services affects the Livelihood of farmers considering their level of education and extension services and the implication it has on their decisions making to invest in Avocado production. There was positive relationship within the participating farmers as relates their level of education, income and availability of extension services that led to high adoption of inputs, choice of rootstocks to grow the crop, varieties chosen, planting, cultural practices harvesting, storage and marketing.

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Trompf, J. P., D. J. Gordon, R. Behrendt, M. Curnow, L. C. Kildey, and A. N. Thompson. "Participation in Lifetime Ewe Management results in changes in stocking rate, ewe management and reproductive performance on commercial farms." Animal Production Science 51, no. 9 (2011): 866. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an10164.

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Lifetime Ewe Management is an extension program designed to assist sheep producers to improve their understanding of ewe nutrition and to develop the skills and confidence to improve their management. The course is based on a small-group extension model and was developed by the Lifetimewool project as a way to incorporate the research findings, economic modelling and producer guidelines developed by the project. Lifetime Ewe Management commenced in Victoria in the spring of 2006 and by the end of 2010, 221 producers had completed the 2-year program. The changes in knowledge, attitudes, skills, aspirations and management practices of 182 of these participants were examined. Participants of the Lifetime Ewe Management program increased their whole-farm stocking rates by 14%, increased lamb marking percentages by 11–13% depending on enterprise type, and decreased ewe mortality rates by 43%. These improvements resulted from a significant change in the perceived importance of managing ewes to condition-score targets to improve profitability and increases in the ability of participants to condition score ewes, assess pasture quantity and quality and feed budget. These changes were consistent regardless of how innovative the participants were at the beginning of the program. The appeal and success of the program was attributed largely to the small-group model where producers worked with their own flock under the guidance of a skilled facilitator and with access to effective decision-making tools. The Lifetime Ewe Management program design provides a blueprint for future extension programs striving to achieve widespread practice change.

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Holmes, Jeremy. "Acute wards: problems and solutions." Psychiatric Bulletin 26, no. 10 (October 2002): 383–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.26.10.383.

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There has been a curious linguistic shift in the use of the word community in mental health (Holmes, 2001a). In the 1950s and early 1960s community psychiatry was synonymous with milieu therapy and the therapeutic community – that is, the attempt to create a vibrant community of patients and staff, in a shared space, working actively together to overcome disability, illness and stigma. The contrast was with insitutional psychiatry, caricatured as the silent, soulless and, at times, abusive wards of the Victorian mental hospital. The therapeutic community had two main psychotherapeutic tools: group therapy and creative therapies such as art therapy and psychodrama. These approaches were pioneered in specialist units such as the Henderson hospital (Norton & Haigh, 2002) but, more generally, progressive acute units emphasised the use of ward groups and the importance of patients playing an active part in decision-making.

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Fisher, M., F. McRae, M. Pitcher, I. Hornung, and J. Spence. "Bridge of Support: A Collaborative Approach to a Peer Support Program." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 169s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.74600.

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Background and context: The Bridge of Support Program (BOS) is adapting a successful community based model of peer support to an acute setting, at the Sunshine Hospital Breast Clinic, to meet the cultural and socioeconomic diverse needs of women with breast cancer. This two year project was funded by LUCRF Community Partnership Trust. Aim: To improve the experience of women undergoing treatment of breast cancer at Western Health. To improve access to psych-social, emotional and practical support for women by extending the reach of CounterPart- a state-wide service of women´s Health Victoria, funded by the Victorian Department of Health and Human Services to provide peer support and information to people affected by breast or a gynecologic cancer. Program/Policy process: Peer support volunteers actively guided women to current and credible evidence-based information, support decision making and provide emotional support. Peer support volunteers are rostered once a week at Sunshine Hospital to coincide with breast clinic and include access to the day oncology unit and radiotherapy center. Detailed contact information is recorded and women receive follow-up contact (with consent) from the peer support volunteers at the CounterPart Resource Centre in Melbourne. A CounterPart staff member oversees the project and provides direct support and supervision to the volunteers on site at the hospital. Women can self refer. Outcomes: Between February and December 2016 the BOS program had 159 separate contacts with patients and their families. 82 contacts were with men and women who were new to CounterPart and 77 were follow-up contacts. 90 individuals treated for breast cancer at Western Health accessed the program, which represent 53% of the women seen by the breast service. 48% of the contacts were follow-up contacts with the CounterPart volunteers indicating that once engaged with the service many men and women continue to make contact. 38% of contacts were with women diagnosed with metastatic disease, a group who often have higher levels of unmet or more complex needs. 49% were born in a nonmain English speaking country (compared with the overall state of Victoria average of 19.6%) thus reflecting an accessible service to the non-English speaking community. What was learned: At a time when peer support is being increasingly recognized as a key part of effective supportive care in cancer services, the BOS program offers a model of integrated peer support that is respected, reliable, well supported and safe within the acute setting. This acute-community sector partnership demonstrates how the medical and social models of health care can work together to provide a connected and quality service for men and women diagnosed with breast cancer. An active research approach is enabling the project to be responsive to issues and challenges as they arise including the ongoing recruitment of women as volunteers from the local community to work within the acute setting.

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Corns, Christopher. "Destructuring sentencing decision-making in Victoria." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 23, no. 3 (September 1990): 145–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486589002300301.

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Neale, Margaret A., and Walter C. Swap. "Group Decision Making." Administrative Science Quarterly 31, no. 4 (December 1986): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2392973.

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KINOSHITA, Eizo, and Shinei TAKANO. "Group Decision Making." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, no. 709 (2002): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscej.2002.709_1.

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KINOSHITA, Eizo, and Shin-ei TAKANO. "Group Decision Making." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, no. 716 (2002): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscej.2002.716_2.

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Engel, David. "Group decision making." Evaluation Practice 7, no. 2 (May 1986): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0886-1633(86)80030-7.

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Radovanovic, Bojana. "Individual decision making, group decision making and deliberation." Filozofija i drustvo 23, no. 2 (2012): 147–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid1202147r.

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Each of us makes a number of decisions, from the less important to those with far-reaching consequences. As members of different groups, we are also actors of group decision making. In order to make a rational decision, a choice-making procedure must satisfy a number of assumptions (conditions) of rationality. In addition, when it comes to group decisions, those procedures should also be ?fair.? However, it is not possible to define a procedure of choice-making that would transform individual orders of alternatives based on preferences of perfectly rational individuals into a single social order and still meet conditions of rationality and ethics. The theory of deliberative democracy appeared in response to the impossibility of Social Choice theory. The basic assumption of deliberative democracy is that individuals adjust their preferences taking into account interests of the community. They are open for discussion with other group members and are willing to change their attitudes in order to achieve common interests. Ideally, group members come to an agreement during public discussion (deliberation). Still, this concept cannot completely over?come all the difficulties posed by the theory of social choice. Specifically, there is no solution for strategic and manipulative behavior of individuals. Also, the concept of deliberative democracy faces certain problems particular to this approach, such as, to name but a few, problems with the establishment of equality of participants in the debate and their motivation, as well as problems with the organization of public hearings.

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Frelick, Kathryn M., Glenn S. Bartlett, Linden F. Frelick, and Phyllis A. Malek. "Staff Participation in Administrative Decision-Making." Healthcare Management Forum 6, no. 3 (October 1993): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0840-4704(10)61105-2.

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Victoria Hospital Corporation in London has adopted a collaborative management model that involves the participation of medical, union and non-union staff in the administrative decision-making process within predetermined parameters. Reactions have been favourable from all sides — positive feedback from the groups involved and minimal negative public response to the sensitive decisions made concerning downsizing. Early indicators suggest increasing further the participation of union and non-union staff in decision-making on multiple levels, but with clearly defined “boundaries of responsibility.”

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Payne, John, and Arnold Wood. "Individual Decision Making and Group Decision Processes." Journal of Psychology and Financial Markets 3, no. 2 (June 2002): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327760jpfm0302_04.

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Skrentny, John D. "Policy Making Is Decision Making: A Response to Hattam." Studies in American Political Development 18, no. 1 (April 2004): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x04000057.

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How should we explain politics and policymaking in one of the most tumultuous and active periods in the history of the American state? Victoria Hattam and I approach the same topic from different starting points and with different goals. While she argues for attention to grass roots mobilization, I look to the policymaking process. I believe the study of policy change should begin at the center of power, where policy decision-making takes place, and should assume nothing about the relevance or role of the political grass roots. Policymakers themselves are always part of the story of policymaking. Grass roots groups are sometimes key actors, yet their impact on policymaking must be demonstrated, not assumed. Assessing this impact and understanding policy development also requires examining cases of failure along with cases of success, and I believe Hattam's neglect of the comparative framework in my book leads her analysis astray.

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Song, Hanqun, Ying Wang, and Beverley A. Sparks. "Chinese Travelers' Group Decision-making." Tourism Analysis 23, no. 4 (December 20, 2018): 561–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/108354218x15391984820530.

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Kalech, Meir. "Decision-Making under Group Commitment." Mathematics 9, no. 17 (August 27, 2021): 2080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9172080.

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Coordination is essential for establishing and sustaining teamwork. Agents in a team must agree on their tasks and plans, and thus, group decision-making techniques are necessary to reach agreements in teams. For instance, to agree on a joint task, the agents can provide their preferences for the alternative tasks, and the best alternative could be selected by majority. Previous works assumed that agents only provide their preferences for the alternatives. However, when selecting a joint task for teamwork, it is essential to consider not only the preferences of the agents, but also the probability of the agents being able to execute the task if it is selected. In this paper, we propose a novel model, the decIsion-MAking under Group commItmeNt modEl (IMAGINE), for computing the optimal decision for a team considering several parameters. Each agent provides: (1) the utility of each alternative for the team, (2) the associated cost for the agent by executing the alternative, and (3) the probability that the agent will be able to execute the alternative task. The IMAGINE gathers these data from the agents, as well as the requisite quorum for each alternative task, which is the minimum number of agents required to complete the task successfully. Given this information, the IMAGINE determines the optimal decision for the group. We evaluated the IMAGINE by comparing it to a baseline method that does not consider the quorum requirement. We show that the IMAGINE generally comes up with a better decision than the baseline method and that the higher the quorum, the better the decisions the IMAGINE makes are.

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Shen, Huizhang, Jidi Zhao, and Wayne W. Huang. "Mission-Critical Group Decision-Making." Journal of Global Information Management 16, no. 2 (April 2008): 35–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jgim.2008040103.

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Conradt, L., and T. J. Roper. "Group decision-making in animals." Nature 421, no. 6919 (January 2003): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01294.

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Kroon, Marceline B. R., David Van Kreveld, and Jacob M. Rabbie. "Group Versus Individual Decision Making." Small Group Research 23, no. 4 (November 1992): 427–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1046496492234001.

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Driskell, James E., and Eduardo Salas. "Group decision making under stress." Journal of Applied Psychology 76, no. 3 (1991): 473–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.76.3.473.

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Davis, Liane, and Ronald Toseland. "Group versus Individual Decision Making." Social Work With Groups 10, no. 2 (October 26, 1987): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j009v10n02_09.

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Kerr, Norbert L., and R. Scott Tindale. "Group Performance and Decision Making." Annual Review of Psychology 55, no. 1 (February 2004): 623–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.142009.

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Mahraz, Abdelkader Ould, Djamila Bouhalouan, and Abdelkader Adla. "Facilitating Virtual Group Decision Making." Procedia Computer Science 83 (2016): 1050–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2016.04.222.

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Faralla, Valeria, Guido Borà, Alessandro Innocenti, and Marco Novarese. "Promises in group decision making." Research in Economics 74, no. 1 (March 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rie.2019.11.001.

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Calabrese, Raymond L., Sally J. Zepeda, and Alan R. Shoho. "Decision Making: A Comparison of Group and Individual Decision-Making Differences." Journal of School Leadership 6, no. 5 (September 1996): 555–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105268469600600505.

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This study contrasted the quality in decision making between individuals and collaborative groups. Forty-five participants were administered the Decision-Making Inventory either as individuals or in collaborative groups. There were few differences between individual and collaborative decision-making formats; individual decision-making skills were more effective than collaborative groups in the areas of curriculum and student discipline; there were no significant differences in decision-making skills across the independent variables of gender, ethnicity, and the participants’ current positions in schools.

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Liu, Wenjing, and Lei Li. "Emergency decision-making combining cumulative prospect theory and group decision-making." Granular Computing 4, no. 1 (March 15, 2018): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41066-018-0086-5.

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43

Flynn, Asher. "'Fortunately We in Victoria Are Not in That UK Situation': Australian and United Kingdom Perspectives on Plea Bargaining Reform." Deakin Law Review 16, no. 2 (December 1, 2011): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dlr2011vol16no2art107.

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The polarisation between consistency, controls and the unscrutinised discretionary powers held by criminal justice agencies is a complex issue that transcends jurisdictions. In the Australian State of Victoria, this conflict is particularly evident in the prosecutor’s decision-making powers in the plea bargaining process, because these powers are not subject to scrutiny and the decisions made under them are not transparent. Furthermore, plea bargaining itself is a non-formalised and unscrutinised method of case resolution. While the use of discretion is an important component of prosecutorial work, it is the potentially individualised and idiosyncratic nature of unscrutinised discretionary decisions that results in plea bargaining and prosecutorial decision-making in Victoria giving rise to perceptions of inappropriateness and misconduct. Drawing upon the voices of Victorian and United Kingdom legal professionals, this article critically analyses the controls placed on United Kingdom prosecutors by the Attorney General’s Guidelines on the Acceptance of Pleas and the Prosecutor’s Role in the Sentencing Exercise 2009 (UK), and considers whether similar guidelines could be implemented in Victoria to redress problems surrounding the idiosyncratic nature of prosecutorial decision-making in plea bargaining. By offering a unique insight into the perspectives of those involved in plea bargaining, this article explores the benefits of implementing a transparent and scrutinised control on prosecutorial discretion in plea bargaining, and considers whether this would in turn offer greater safeguards, consistency and transparency of prosecutorial decision-making in Victoria.

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TANIMOTO, Keishi. "Process of Group Decision Making under Decision Rule." INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING REVIEW 21 (2004): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/journalip.21.233.

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POOLE, MARSHALL SCOTT, and MICHAEL E. HOLMES. "Decision Development in Computer-Assisted Group Decision Making." Human Communication Research 22, no. 1 (September 1995): 90–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1995.tb00363.x.

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BÄCK, EMMA A., PETER ESAIASSON, MIKAEL GILLJAM, OLA SVENSON, and TORUN LINDHOLM. "Post-decision consolidation in large group decision-making." Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 52, no. 4 (March 14, 2011): 320–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9450.2011.00878.x.

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Herrera, F., E. Herrera-Viedma, and J. L. Verdegay. "A linguistic decision process in group decision making." Group Decision and Negotiation 5, no. 2 (January 1996): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00419908.

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48

McGrath, Michael Robert. "Strategic decision making and group decision support systems." New Directions for Institutional Research 1986, no. 49 (1986): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ir.37019864907.

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Briggs, Patricia. "Family Aide Services in Victoria." Children Australia 14, no. 3 (1989): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0312897000002307.

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Data has been gathered by the Family Aide Projects Association from family aide services throughout the State of Victoria to enable policy and program decision making within the family aide program to be better informed. The 52 member agencies were canvassed to generate information which gives a more comprehensive picture of the operation of services than previously available. This paper presents a summary of the survey process and outcome.

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Lipovetsky, Stan. "Predictor Analysis in Group Decision Making." Stats 4, no. 1 (February 9, 2021): 108–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/stats4010009.

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Priority vectors in the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) are commonly estimated as constant values calculated by the pairwise comparison ratios elicited from an expert. For multiple experts, or panel data, or other data with varied characteristics of measurements, the priority vectors can be built as functions of the auxiliary predictors. For example, in multi-person decision making, the priorities can be obtained in regression modeling by the demographic and socio-economic properties. Then the priorities can be predicted for individual respondents, profiled by each predictor, forecasted in time, studied by the predictor importance, and estimated by the characteristic of significance, fit and quality well-known in regression modeling. Numerical results show that the suggested approaches reveal useful features of priority behavior, that can noticeably extend the AHP abilities and applications for numerous multiple-criteria decision making problems. The considered methods are useful for segmentation of the respondents and finding optimum managerial solutions specific for each segment. It can help to decision makers to focus on the respondents’ individual features and to increase customer satisfaction, their retention and loyalty to the promoted brands or products.

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