Journal articles on the topic 'Group decision making – Case studies'
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Liang, Ru, and Heap-Yih Chong. "A hybrid group decision model for green supplier selection: a case study of megaprojects." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 26, no. 8 (September 16, 2019): 1712–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-10-2018-0462.
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Purpose Green supplier selection is one of the crucial activities in green supply chain management. However, limited studies have addressed the vagueness and complexities during the selection process, particularly in multi-criterion decision-making (MCDM) circumstances. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to develop a group decision model using a modified fuzzy MCDM approach for green supplier selection under a complex situation. Design/methodology/approach The proposed study develops a framework for sorting decisions in green supplier selection by using the hesitant fuzzy qualitative flexible multiple attributes method (QUALIFLEX). The synthetic consistent or inconsistent indexes were used to calculate all alternative suppliers by normalizing the hesitant fuzzy decision matrix. Findings The proposed framework has been successfully applied and illustrated in the case example of CB02 contract section in Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge project. The results show various complicated decision-making scenarios can be addressed through the proposed approach. The synthetic (in)consistent indexes are able to calculate all alternative suppliers by normalizing the hesitant fuzzy decision matrix. Originality/value The research contributes to improving accuracy and reliability decision-making processes for green supplier selection, especially under vagueness and complex situations in megaprojects.
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Bindler, Anna, and Randi Hjalmarsson. "Path Dependency in Jury Decision Making." Journal of the European Economic Association 17, no. 6 (December 11, 2018): 1971–2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jeea/jvy046.
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Abstract A large behavioral economics literature is concerned with cognitive biases in individual and group decisions, including sequential decisions. These studies often find a negative path-dependency consistent with mechanisms such as the gambler's fallacy or contrast effects. We provide the first test for such biases in group decision making using observational data. Specifically, we study more than 27,000 verdicts adjudicated sequentially by over 900 juries for high-stake criminal cases at London's Old Bailey Criminal Court in the 18th and 19th centuries. Using jury fixed effects to account for heterogeneity in their baseline propensity to convict, we find that a previous guilty verdict significantly increases the chance of a subsequent guilty verdict by 6.7%–14.1%. This positive autocorrelation is robust to alternative estimation strategies, independent of jury experience and driven by the most recent lag and pairs of similar cases. Such positive path dependency may be explained by sequential assimilation effects, which may reflect a jury's desire to be internally consistent, and short-term “emotional” impacts of the characteristics and/or outcome of one case on another. As in modern-day jury studies, our results highlight that factors independent of the facts and evidence of the current case might affect jury behavior.
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Mitin, A. I. "Training in Group Decision Making in Situational Training Centers." Psychological-Educational Studies 10, no. 3 (2018): 84–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psyedu.2018100308.
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The article deals with the psychological and pedagogical problems of training situational centers (TSC) as a learning environment for group decision-making. TSC have a significant role to play in the process of formation of a new type of managerial personnel, managers for the "digital economy" and "digital state. Emphasizes the importance of workplaces as a Central element for the functioning of TSCs; in this case, the workplace is treated as an element of the educational environment in relation to two related subject areas – social management and education. The script approach at the organization of educational activity in TSC is described; the script of an educational task contains, in particular, characteristics and the description of the principles of work of the corresponding workplaces, and also methods of work of participants of studies (students, teachers, experts, game technicians, producers). The importance of forming a visual information image of the management situation for the collective work of students is emphasized. We consider the models of classes in the TSC (lecture-discussion, case-study, role play), as well as psychological, didactic, technological and organizational factors taken into account in these models. The problem of "Brainstorming" is considered as an example of communicative decision-making technology in the TSC.
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Ortiz-Urbina, González-Pachón, and Diaz-Balteiro. "Decision-Making in Forestry: A Review of the Hybridisation of Multiple Criteria and Group Decision-Making Methods." Forests 10, no. 5 (April 29, 2019): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10050375.
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The degree of complexity in forest management has increased in the last few decades, not only due to the inclusion of specific new issues (e.g., climate change, social protection, etc.), but also because these new, as well as classic, issues have to be dealt with in a context characterised by multiple conflicting criteria that are evaluated by different stakeholders. Nowadays, the multicriteria issue enjoys a relatively sound tradition in forest management. However, the consideration of several stakeholders, which requires the formulation of management models within a collective decision-making setting, is not that advanced. This paper aims to provide a critical overview of forestry case studies that have been published in primary journals and that deal with multiple criteria and several stakeholders. Based on this overview, some highlights of the most promising methods were obtained, and recommendations for the fruitful use of these combined methodologies for dealing with numerous types of forest management problems are provided.
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Spence, Nigel. "Making Decisions about Children in Care: A study of case conferences." Children Australia 17, no. 3 (1992): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200013262.
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This paper studies the decision-making processes that occur in child welfare case conferences. Using a small sample of eight case conferences the study focuses on the way child welfare professionals and parents interact in formulating constructions of “children’s needs” and “parental competence”. The case conference setting, group composition, sequence and the relationships between the health and welfare professionals present are also identified as key factors in influencing the outcome of the case conference.
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Rutka, Ryszard, Piotr Wróbel, and Ewa Wycinka. "Team members’ direct participation in decision-making processes and the quality of decisions." Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation 19, no. 3 (2023): 169–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.7341/20231935.
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PURPOSE: Do teams manage to reach better decisions than those made by individuals? Numerous studies have delivered inconclusive results. Meanwhile, participation in decision-making can take various forms and is not limited to consensus group decisions, and the influence of the various forms of participation on the quality of decisions has been less frequently examined. The aim of the research was to determine the effect on decision quality of changing the form of direct participation in the decision-making process in the case of complex, multi-stage problems. METHODOLOGY: The article presents the results of a long-term experiment in which 598 teams of 2,673 people took part. The participants were asked to solve a decision problem using three decision-making styles: autocratic, consultative, and group. The participants played the role of members of a newly established project team that must plan its own work. The task concerned a problem that requires the analysis of a number of dependencies between sub-problems, in contrast to eureka-type problems. The decision problem was new to the participants, making it impossible to apply known solutions; a creative approach was therefore required. The decision was then compared with the optimal solution established by experts. Decision quality was based on the deviation of the proposed solution from the optimal solution. FINDINGS: The results of the experiment confirm the significant synergistic potential of increasing direct participation in decision-making for complex, multi-stage problems. A significant proportion of teams made better decisions as a result of increasing direct participation – replacing autocratic decisions with consultative and group decisions. The quality of consultative decisions was roughly in the middle of autocratic and group decisions. By using group decision-making, teams made better decisions than the average individual decision and came closer to the decision quality achieved by the best team members. This effect was universal, observed both in the strongest and weakest teams. It should be remembered that, while group decision-making has the potential for synergy, it is not always achieved. Group decision-making markedly reduced the risk of making highly misguided decisions, and it can be reasoned that direct participation protects against serious mistakes more than it guarantees the best possible results. IMPLICATIONS: Team leaders should be familiar with different decision-making styles, their advantages and disadvantages, and the scope of their application. This research suggests that increasing team members’ participation to a consultative role and even better, a full participatory role, increases the quality of the decision. With the growing complexity of organizations that have to deal with accelerating change, technology development and increased competition, creating structures that can flexibly respond to the challenges of the environment requires the participation of team members at all managerial levels. The use of consultative and group decision-making styles for complex and multi-stage problems supports this process. The group decision-making style can bring better quality, but it has its limitations and it is not always possible to use it. It requires a team of highly competent people who identify themselves with the interests of the organization. Otherwise, the consultative form will bring better results. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: For the first time, an empirical study analyses the case of consultative decision-making, in which the team leader consults the individual opinions independently to finally come up with a final “team” decision. This approach is widely used by team leaders and managers in the field. This study shows that this approach constitutes an improvement over the individual (autocratic) one but still falls short of the group decision-making approach. Finally, this study which has been done with the largest number of participant teams (598 teams, 2,673 individuals), professionally active post-graduate students and over a 24-year period allows a sound statistical confirmation of the proposed decision quality improvement when moving from individual to consultative and group decision-making styles.
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Morone, Andrea, Simone Nuzzo, and Tiziana Temerario. "Decision process and preferences over risk under the “endogenous decision rule”: results from a group experiment." Economics and Business Letters 10, no. 2 (May 31, 2021): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17811/ebl.10.2.2021.107-115.
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Recent literature on individual vs. group decision-making, in risky contexts, has brought about divergent results, mainly depending on the institutional rules through which groups take decisions. Some studies where group decisions relied on majority rule showed no appreciable difference between individuals and groups’ preferences, others where unanimity among group members was required found collective decisions to be less risk-averse than individual ones. We elicited groups’ preferences over risk using what we defined “endogenous-decision-rule”, i.e. leaving groups free to endogenously solve the potential disagreement among their members. Our results unambiguously show that individuals are more risk seeker than groups when facing gambles with positive expected payoff difference and more risk-averse in the opposite case.
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Gibson, Terry David, Aka Festus Tongwa, Sarwar Bari, Guillaume Chantry, Manu Gupta, Jesusa Grace Molina, Nisha Shresha, et al. "Drawing the case studies together: synthesis of case studies and group discussions." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 28, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-07-2018-0223.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to individually examine the findings from eight case studies presented in this special issue and comparatively identify the findings regarding local learning and action. Design/methodology/approach Underlying research questions regarding power and powerlessness in regard to addressing underlying risk factors affecting local populations form the basis for the discussion. Proceedings of a collaborative workshop conducted with the contributing authors are analysed qualitatively to identify learning relating to the research questions emerging from the case studies individually and collectively. Findings A number of strategies and tactics for addressing underlying risk factors affecting local populations were identified from the case studies, including collaboration and cohesion. Campaigning, lobbying, communications and social mobilisation in an attempt to bridge the gap between local concerns and the decision-making of government and other powerful actors. Innovation and local mobilisation to address shortcomings in government support for disaster reduction and development. Communications as a first base to influence behaviour of both communities and government. Social change through empowerment of women to act in disaster reduction and development. Research limitations/implications The outcomes of the action research conducted by the authors individually and collectively highlight the necessity for bridging different scales of action through a range of strategies and tactics to move beyond local self-reliance to influence on underlying risk factors. The action research process employed may have wider applications in gathering and formalising local-level experience and knowledge. Practical implications The case studies and their analysis present a range of practical strategies and tactics to strengthen local resilience and address underlying risk factors which are replicable in other contexts. Originality/value Practitioners are activists and do not often engage in critical reflection and analysis. The method presented here offers a means of achieving this in order to generate learning from local-level experience. The findings contribute to the consideration of cross-scale action to address underlying risk factors which impact local communities.
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Coffey, John W. "Facilitating Idea Generation and Decision-Making with Concept Maps." Journal of Information & Knowledge Management 03, no. 02 (June 2004): 179–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021964920400078x.
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This paper contains a description of the creation of Concept Maps in facilitated sessions to promote idea generation and group decision-making. A number of issues pertain to facilitated Concept Mapping, including the number of facilitators, the optimal or manageable size of groups, the sorts of group interactions that are encountered and their impacts on the proceedings, and the sorts of outcomes that can be expected. This article describes these basic issues as well as attributes, concerns, and skills required of facilitators. It presents two case studies illustrating methodological issues pertaining to the facilitation process and the sorts of outcomes that can be achieved.
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Andersen, Sarah C., Kathrine L. Møller, Simon W. Jørgensen, Lotte B. Jensen, and Morten Birkved. "SCALABLE AND QUANTITATIVE DECISION SUPPORT FOR THE INITIAL BUILDING DESIGN STAGES OF REFURBISHMENT." Journal of Green Building 14, no. 4 (September 2019): 35–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.14.4.35.
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Decision-making within the building industry often involves various criteria of very different natures. Some are qualitative, others quantitative, some are objective, others subjective, but ultimately, they should all be aggregated and handled holistically in order to support decision-making. This process can also be referred to as multicriteria decision-making (MCDM). Some aspects of MCDM are often conducted unconsciously and non-transparently. By implementing mathematical methods that have been proved applicable for MCDM, multi-criteria decision-making processes can be handled more consciously and transparently and thus be made reproducible. The calculation method presented allows quantitative sustainability and qualitative indicator values to be accounted for with the level of importance desired. The MCDM method used is Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). As the model has already been described well in the scientific literature and is used frequently, the aim is to illustrate how TOPSIS can be applied for transparent decision-making within the building industry in the context of urban renewal and refurbishment schemes through case studies of various scales and descriptions. The case studies focused on in this paper incorporate a variety of specific prechosen criteria, including environmental performance, functional parameters and technical parameters. The case studies cover different parameters of refurbishment in a major hospital compound in Denmark due to be taken out of operation. One central design decision is whether to refurbish or demolish the old hospital buildings. The results reveal that decision support is first of all dependent on how the decision-making tool is applied and what choices are made in relation to the actual calculations. However, by implementing a mathematically based MCDM method like that being assessed in the case studies presented, the decisions and their arguments become transparent and are easily communicated within a project group. As a result, the tool is considered to be universally applicable across most decision-making contexts within the building industry.
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Mascarenhas, Duncan R. D., Dave Collins, Patrick W. Mortimer, and Bob Morris. "Training Accurate and Coherent Decision Making in Rugby Union Referees." Sport Psychologist 19, no. 2 (June 2005): 131–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.19.2.131.
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The purpose of this investigation was to pilot a video-based training program designed to develop referees’ shared mental models. A group of English Rugby Football Union (RFU) national referees, divided into a control group (n = 15) and experimental group (n = 41) made their immediate decisions on pre and posttests of 10 video clips taken from real game referee perspective recordings. Over a six-week period the experimental group studied training tapes consisting of 5 sets of 5 tackles, in each case with an expert providing his interpretation of the correct decision. The lowest ranked referees on the national panel significantly improved their percentage of correct decisions, becoming 17.43% more accurate in their decisions at the posttest. These results suggest that such shared mental model training is an appropriate method for improving referee performance.
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Mejia, Roberto, Richard A. Jenkins, James W. Carey, Hortensia Amaro, Allison C. Morrill, Laura Krech, Jennifer A. Logan, and Kevin Cranston. "Longitudinal Observation of an HIV Prevention Community Planning Group (CPG)." Health Promotion Practice 10, no. 1 (January 2009): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839907311048.
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HIV prevention community planning groups were formed to increase stakeholder participation and develop evidence-based comprehensive HIV prevention plans. To date, it is not well understood what factors affect group behavior as the planning group prepares for data-informed decision making. In this observational case study, the authors videotaped 18 meetings of a community planning group (CPG) to observe how a group's behavior changes over time in response to modifications in its structure and function. Discussions on authority and conflict were common, particularly during presentations on prioritized populations and interventions. Changes in the frequency of data-informed discussions were not statistically significant. Observed group conflict may have been an unintended consequence of efforts to improve equity. The authors suggest that formal and informal mechanisms to manage conflict and agreed-on procedures for decision making should be incorporated into the technical assistance offered to CPGs. Future studies should address whether data-informed decisions increase once contentious issues are resolved.
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Arca-Contreras, Karen Marie. "Flipping the Classroom to Optimize Clinical Decision-Making in the Didactic Setting." Journal of Doctoral Nursing Practice 14, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/jdnp-d-20-00050.
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BackgroundDeliberate inclusion of clinical decision-making nursing skills in the didactic setting will assist students in potentially making better patient care decisions. This can be optimized through use of the flipped learning andragogy. Flipped learning promotes an interactive classroom environment. It fosters teamwork and collaboration. Direct content instruction is the responsibility of students.ObjectiveThis cohort pilot study investigated how the flipped and nonflipped approach to teaching impacted clinical decision-making and student participation.MethodsThe Clinical Decision-Making in Nursing Scale (CDMNS) was administered to the students in the flipped classroom and the nonflipped classroom on week 1 and week 6. A student participation checklist was used to observe class activities at three separate intervals (baseline, mid-semester, and end-semester). A repeated measures analysis of covariance was conducted with Instruction Group as the between subjects factor (Flipped and Nonflipped) and Time (preinstruction and postinstruction) as the within subjects factor, and covarying age. The Time by the Instruction group was significant. The Flipped group showed an increase in Clinical decision-making scores (p < .001) after instruction while the Nonflipped group did not (p = .40).ResultsThe Flipped group (n = 24) showed an increase in Clinical decision-making scores (p < .001) after instruction while the Nonflipped group (n = 23) did not (p = .40). The Flipped classroom showed 100% participation at baseline, mid-semester, and end of semester. The Nonflipped classroom showed overall lower levels of participation, with 42%, 33%, and 39% at each point respectively.Conclusion/Implications for NursingStudents who were taught using the flipped instruction were able to apply what they learned in relevant case studies, virtual simulations, and practice National Council Licensure Examination RN (NCLEX-RN) type questions. Through teamwork and collaboration, students had time to practice clinical decision-making skills. This was evident in the increased CDMNS scores and increased levels of participation over time in the flipped group when compared to the nonflipped group.
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Yao, Mingzhu, and Donggen Wang. "Modeling household relocation choice: An egalitarian bargaining approach and a comparative study." Journal of Transport and Land Use 14, no. 1 (June 20, 2021): 625–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5198/jtlu.2021.1733.
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Accompanying the rapid urban expansion and fast population growth is a progressive trend of residential relocation in developing countries, which necessitates a thorough understanding of households’ relocation decisions. Previous studies generally treated home relocation as an individual or unitary household decision, ignoring the interactive and collaborative decision-making mechanisms that household members may adopt when making group decisions. In view of this research gap, this study examines the feasibility of applying the egalitarian bargaining approach to simulating households’ group decisions concerning residential relocation and further compares its performance with the Nash bargaining and the conventional utilitarian approach. Moreover, the study experiments with the possibility of accommodating three possible group decision-making mechanisms using the latent class modeling framework. The proposed modeling approaches are applied to an empirical case study in Beijing. Results show that models based on the egalitarian and Nash bargaining principles have better model fits than the utilitarian principle, suggesting the importance of considering egalitarianism when modeling household members’ collaborative choice on residential relocation. Moreover, the model based on Nash bargaining has the best model fit, indicating that instead of merely seeking egalitarianism or utilitarianism, household members are more likely to strike a balance between fairness and efficiency.
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Michnik, Jerzy, and Artur Grabowski. "Modeling Uncertainty in the Wings Method Using Interval Arithmetic." International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 19, no. 01 (January 2020): 221–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622019500494.
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This paper introduces a novel approach to support decision-making by combining the Weighted Influence Nonlinear Gauge System (WINGS) method with interval arithmetic. This approach allows to include uncertain judgments and/or different opinions in a decision process. Our research aims at increasing the ability of WINGS to model decisions in situations of uncertainty and at extending the reach of its practical applications. The new, relatively simple and transparent method can become a useful and practical tool for the decision makers. Mathematical correctness of the proposed methodology is proven. Based on the new method, a procedure for solving a complex decision problem is created. Its applicability is illustrated by two case studies. Choosing the best option for the organization’s competitive position in a health-care organization shows how the proposed method works with uncertain judgments. Its usefulness for group decision-making is illustrated by applying it to a decision concerning allocation of public funds for sport development in a small commune.
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WIMAYA, Rio Sundari, Agung Wicaksono, Fanesa Angeli, Rendi Prayuda, and M. Arsy Ash Shiddiqy. "Analysis of United States of America Foreign Policy on the Victory of the Taliban Group in Afghanistan." WIMAYA 5, no. 01 (June 28, 2024): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33005/wimaya.v5i01.89.
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This research aims to discuss about analysis of United States foreign policy in Afghanistan by looking at case studies of the victory of the Taliban group controlling Afghanistan in 2021. Foreign policy is a unit of analysis in international relations that is related to the national political system. This strategy carried out in foreign policy lasts if the State interacts in the form of relations with the international community in making decisions to achieve its national goals. In making broad country decisions, there is a theory expressed by Richard Snyder which says there are internal factors and external factors that influence a country in determining foreign policy. In the case of the Taliban's victory over Afghanistan in 2021, the United States' policy in responding to the conflict explained the internal and external factors that influence each other. Internal factors are influenced by the structure and social behavior of the State, where this is influenced by the ideology of the State, existing government institutions in the State, where this is influenced by the ideology of the State, existing government institutions in the State, the characteristics contained in national organizational institutions and the role of social groups in influencing decision making which are internal factors. The existence of internal and external factors then provides the results of the decision-making process that cannot be separated from action in decision-making. The conclusion, internal factors and external factors that influence the direction of the United States foreign policy in dealing with cases of conflict in Afghanistan have an impact on the victory of the Taliban group in controlling Afghanistan in 2021.
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Décieux, Jean Philippe Pierre. "How much evidence is in evidence-based policymaking: a case study of an expert group of the European Commission." Evidence & Policy: A Journal of Research, Debate and Practice 16, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 45–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/174426418x15337551315717.
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Knowledge co-production is a solution-oriented approach to analysing real-life problems such as making the right decision in a given scenario. The most popular examples come from evidence-based policymaking contexts. Political decisions made in this way rely on specialist expertise co-produced in organisations that can be characterised as Hybrid Fora. However, despite the rise in popularity of Hybrid Fora and evidence-based policymaking processes, there are only a few studies that analyse the influencing factors of knowledge co-production in these contexts. The case study presented here addresses this new area of research through a documentary analysis and 11 expert interviews, both analysed via qualitative content analysis. First, the study reconstructs how knowledge is produced within an Expert Group of the European Commission. Second, it reflects how the produced knowledge is de facto included as “evidence” into the decision-making processes of the relevant policy area. The results of this study show that in this expert group, pragmatic and extra-scientific criteria such as specific stakes and interests as well as the group hierarchy controlled the process of knowledge co-production. Moreover, it also seems that knowledge produced by the interaction of experts within the examined Expert Group has a more symbolic, policy-orientated function, rather than being specifically used as decision-making evidence.
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RAZAVI HAJIAGHA, Seyed Hossein, Hannan Amoozad MAHDIRAJI, Shide Sadat HASHEMI, and Zenonas TURSKIS. "DETERMINING WEIGHTS OF FUZZY ATTRIBUTES FOR MULTI-ATTRIBUTE DECISION-MAKING PROBLEMS BASED ON CONSENSUS OF EXPERT OPINIONS." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 21, no. 5 (September 29, 2015): 738–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20294913.2015.1058301.
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An important objective of a group decision-making problem is to determine the weights of attributes that are given by experts participating in the decision-making process. Since different decision-makers have unequal importance in decision-making, a series of studies focused on finding a set of appropriate weights for experts participating in a decision problem. In this paper, the problem of weight determination among decision-makers is investigated by extending an algorithm taken from the technique for order preference by similarity-to-ideal solution. In this case, a pair of most compromising and least compromising solutions is derived from individual judgments of decision-makers and then, these solutions are applied as the bases for determining the magnitude of individual alignment with the group opinion by using a closeness coefficient approach. Determining the weights of decision-makers, the group decision-making problem is then solved. Application of the proposed method is illustrated by a numerical example for the selection of a maintenance strategy.
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Armansyah, Muhammad. "The Influence of Human-AI Interaction in the Decision-Making Process in the Health Sector: A Study at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang, Indonesia." Arkus 10, no. 2 (March 14, 2024): 548–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37275/arkus.v10i2.542.
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Artificial intelligence (AI) plays an increasingly important role in the health sector, including in the decision-making process. Human-AI interaction can help doctors diagnose diseases, provide treatment recommendations, and improve the quality of patient care. This research uses experimental studies to investigate the influence of human-AI interactions in the decision-making process in the health sector. Two groups of doctors were included: a group that used AI to aid decision making and a control group that did not use AI. The research results showed that the group of doctors who used AI had better performance in terms of diagnostic accuracy, time efficiency and patient satisfaction. Human-AI interaction can help doctors make better decisions and improve the quality of patient care.
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Dong, Yuanxiang, Xiaoting Cheng, Weijie Chen, Hongbo Shi, and Ke Gong. "A cosine similarity measure for multi-criteria group decision making under neutrosophic soft environment." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 39, no. 5 (November 19, 2020): 7863–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-201328.
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In actual life, uncertain and inconsistent information exists widely. How to deal with the information so that it can be better applied is a problem that has to be solved. Neutrosophic soft sets can process uncertain and inconsistent information. Also, Dempster-Shafer evidence theory has the advantage of dealing with uncertain information, and it can synthesize uncertain information and deal with subjective judgments effectively. Therefore, this paper creatively combines the Dempster-Shafer evidence theory with the neutrosophic soft sets, and proposes a cosine similarity measure for multi-criteria group decision making. Different from the previous studies, the proposed similarity measure is utilized to measure the similarity between two objects in the structure of neutrosophic soft set, rather than two neutrosophic soft sets. We also propose the objective degree and credibility degree which reflect the decision makers’ subjective preference based on the similarity measure. Then parameter weights are calculated by the objective degree. Additionally, based on credibility degree and parameter weights, we propose the modified score function, modified accuracy function, and modified certainty function, which can be employed to obtain partial order relation and make decisions. Later, we construct an aggregation algorithm for multi-criteria group decision making based on Dempster’s rule of combination and apply the algorithm to a case of medical diagnosis. Finally, by testing and comparing the algorithm, the results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can solve the multi-criteria group decision making problems effectively.
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Rembielak, Grażyna, Tahir Rashid, and Agnieszka Parlińska. "FACTORS INFLUENCING STUDENTS’ CHOICES AND DECISION- -MAKING PROCESS: A CASE STUDY OF POLISH STUDENTS STUDYING IN A BRITISH HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia 19, no. 3 (September 18, 2020): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/aspe.2020.19.3.31.
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The main aim of this paper is to investigate the factors which influence students when deciding to study abroad. The case study is based on Polish students studying in the British higher education system (UK HE) and the paper examines these students’ choices and their decision-making process when selecting their university studies. The literature review suggests that there are two types of factors influencing students’ decision- making process: push factors, which operate within the home country, and pull factors, meaning that students are attracted by the host country and encouraged to study there. Polish students constitute a significant group of EU students who study in the UK and yet there are very few studies on this particular group. The results from this qualitative research on Polish students studying in a selected British university indicate that, contrary to a number of other studies, pull factors could be more important in influencing Polish students’ decision-making process regarding studying abroad.
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Carruthers Den Hoed, Don, Michelle N. Murphy, Elizabeth A. Halpenny, and Debbie Mucha. "Grizzly Bear Management in the Kananaskis Valley: Forty Years of Figuring It Out." Land 9, no. 12 (December 8, 2020): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9120501.
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Case studies offer rich insight into the way knowledge is gathered, understood, and applied (or not) in parks and conservation contexts. This study aims to understand how knowledge and information have been used to inform decision-making about human-wildlife co-existence—specifically what knowledge has informed decisions related to grizzly bear management in the Kananaskis Valley. Focus groups of decision-makers involved in the valley’s bear program painted a rich account of decision-making since the late 1970s that was coded thematically. Our findings suggest there are typical impacts on knowledge mobilization, such as management support (or lack thereof), other agencies, capacity, and social and political pressures. In addition, the special context of the Kananaskis Valley and the forty-year timespan explored in focus group conversations provide unique lenses through which to understand knowledge mobilization. This case study reflects the barriers identified in the literature. However, the findings also include unique aspects of decision-making, such as the evolution of decision-making over a period of time in a multi-use landscape, the successful creation of networks to mediate knowledge and practice, and the creation of knowledge by practitioners.
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Tate, Channing. "UNDERUTILIZATION OF HOSPICE CARE IN OLDER BLACK ADULTS." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2023): 732. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.2371.
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Abstract Hospice is underutilized in Black Americans despite evidence that Black Americans benefit from hospice services. There are several potential reasons hospice is underutilized in Black Americans including lack of knowledge of hospice, poor opinions of hospice, and low self-efficacy in end-of-life decision-making. Patient decision aids are one technique used to improve patient knowledge and agency in making medical decisions. This research project endeavored to addresses potential barriers to hospice enrollment in Black adults and evaluates if a hospice specific patient decision aid could improve hospice knowledge, opinions of hospice, and decision-making self-efficacy. The study was a pilot randomized controlled trial that enrolled Black adults aged ≥ 65 years. The three primary outcomes for the study included hospice knowledge measured by the Hospice Knowledge Scale, opinions of hospice measured by the Hospice Beliefs and Attitudes Scale, and confidence in making decisions measured by the Decision Self-Efficacy Scale. Additionally acceptability and usability outcomes of the decision aid were collected. All participants completed the three baseline surveys prior to randomization. Those randomized to the intervention were provided with the hospice patient decision aid while those in the control did not receive the decision aid. Hospice knowledge, opinions of hospice, and decision self-efficacy improved from baseline to one-month follow-up in the intervention group, but between group (intervention vs control) differences were not statistically significant. Overall acceptability outcomes were favorable, and participants stated the patient decision aid would be beneficial in facilitating hospice decision making.
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Meng, Fanyong, Jia Tang, and Shaolin Zhang. "INTERVAL LINGUISTIC FUZZY DECISION MAKING IN PERSPECTIVE OF PREFERENCE RELATIONS." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 25, no. 5 (July 19, 2019): 998–1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/tede.2019.10548.
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Consistency analysis is a crucial topic for preference relations. This paper studies the consistency of interval linguistic fuzzy preference relations (ILFPRs) using the constrained interval linguistic arithmetic and introduces a new consistency definition. Then, several properties of this definition are researched. Meanwhile, the connection between this concept and a previous one is discussed. Following this concept, programming models for judging the consistency and for deriving consistent ILFPRs are constructed, respectively. Considering the case that incomplete ILFPRs may be obtained, a programming model for obtaining missing judgments following the consistency discussion is built. Afterwards, the consensus for group decision making (GDM) is studied and a model for adjusting individual ILFPRs to reach the consensus threshold is established. Consequently, an interactive procedure for GDM with ILFPRs is presented. A practical problem is provided to illustrate the utilization of the new algorithm and comparative discussion is offered.
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Roodenrijs, Judith C. M., Dries L. T. Hegger, Heleen L. P. Mees, and Peter Driessen. "Opening up the Black Box of Group Decision-Making on Solar Energy: The Case of Strata Buildings in Amsterdam, the Netherlands." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 9, 2020): 2097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12052097.
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The adoption of solar energy is lagging behind in urban areas worldwide. Although the literature on energy transition is abundant, it has been focused mostly at the systems level. Few studies have addressed on-the-ground implementation. This paper examines a specific but prominent example of such on-the-ground practice: decision-making processes in strata buildings whose owners are organized in a (home) owners’ association. These buildings constitute a significant proportion of the housing stock in European cities, and hence their role in energy transition cannot be underestimated. In strata buildings, homeowners have to reach an agreement before renewable energy measures can be implemented. These related group decision-making processes are still a black box, however. We constructed a tentative framework based on a review of group decision-making and applied literature, which we validated and refined using a survey and in-depth interviews with (home) owners’ associations in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Our study aimed to explore what the stimuli and barriers for the adoption of renewable energy measures in group settings are. Our empirical findings suggest that leadership and information processing are key factors that explain the outcomes of group decision-making processes. Whereas many are convinced that energy transitions are technically possible, their day-to-day implementation has proven to be complicated. For energy transitions to succeed, the recognition of key factors that explain the outcomes of group decision-making needs to be taken into account.
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Hahlweg, Pola, Martin Härter, Yvonne Nestoriuc, and Isabelle Scholl. "How are decisions made in cancer care? A qualitative study using participant observation of current practice." BMJ Open 7, no. 9 (September 2017): e016360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016360.
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ObjectivesShared decision-making has continuously gained importance over the last years. However, few studies have investigated the current state of shared decision-making implementation in routine cancer care. This study aimed to investigate how treatment decisions are made in routine cancer care and to explore barriers and facilitators to shared decision-making using an observational approach (three independent observers). Furthermore, the study aimed to extend the understanding of current decision-making processes beyond the dyadic physician–patient interaction.DesignCross-sectional qualitative study using participant observation with semistructured field notes, which were analysed using qualitative content analysis as described by Hsieh and Shannon.Setting and participantsField notes from participant observations were collected at n=54 outpatient consultations and during two 1-week-long observations at two inpatient wards in different clinics of one comprehensive cancer centre in Germany.ResultsMost of the time, either one physician alone or a group of physicians made the treatment decisions. Patients were seldom actively involved. Patients who were ‘active’ (ie, asked questions, demanded participation, opposed treatment recommendations) facilitated shared decision-making. Time pressure, frequent alternation of responsible physicians and poor coordination of care were the main observed barriers for shared decision-making. We found high variation in decision-making behaviour between different physicians as well as the same physician with different patients.ConclusionMost of the time physicians made the treatment decisions. Shared decision-making was very rarely implemented in current routine cancer care. The entire decision-making process was not observed to follow the principles of shared decision-making. However, some aspects of shared decision-making were occasionally incorporated. Individual as well as organisational factors were found to influence the degree of shared decision-making. If future routine cancer care wishes to follow the principles of shared decision-making, strategies are needed to foster shared decision-making in routine cancer care.
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Özemre, Murat, and Ozgur Kabadurmus. "A big data analytics based methodology for strategic decision making." Journal of Enterprise Information Management 33, no. 6 (May 26, 2020): 1467–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeim-08-2019-0222.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a novel framework for strategic decision making using Big Data Analytics (BDA) methodology.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, two different machine learning algorithms, Random Forest (RF) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are employed to forecast export volumes using an extensive amount of open trade data. The forecasted values are included in the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix to conduct strategic market analysis.FindingsThe proposed methodology is validated using a hypothetical case study of a Chinese company exporting refrigerators and freezers. The results show that the proposed methodology makes accurate trade forecasts and helps to conduct strategic market analysis effectively. Also, the RF performs better than the ANN in terms of forecast accuracy.Research limitations/implicationsThis study presents only one case study to test the proposed methodology. In future studies, the validity of the proposed method can be further generalized in different product groups and countries.Practical implicationsIn today’s highly competitive business environment, an effective strategic market analysis requires importers or exporters to make better predictions and strategic decisions. Using the proposed BDA based methodology, companies can effectively identify new business opportunities and adjust their strategic decisions accordingly.Originality/valueThis is the first study to present a holistic methodology for strategic market analysis using BDA. The proposed methodology accurately forecasts international trade volumes and facilitates the strategic decision-making process by providing future insights into global markets.
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Redd, Steven B. "Key Concepts in the Poliheuristic Theory of Foreign Policy Decision Making: A Comparative Examination Using Systemist Theory." Social Sciences 12, no. 8 (August 8, 2023): 446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci12080446.
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The poliheuristic theory of foreign policy decision making incorporates the conditions surrounding foreign policy decisions, as well as the cognitive processes decision makers undergo en route to a choice. It argues that high-level decision makers, who routinely face stressful decision environments, engage in a two-stage decision process wherein they first employ cognitive-based, heuristic shortcuts in an attempt to simplify the decision task. In the second stage, once the decision task is more manageable, decision makers employ more analytic strategies in order to minimize risks and maximize rewards. Poliheuristic theory also posits that politics is the essence of decision and that decision makers will avoid choosing alternatives that hurt them politically. Using systemist theory, I compare two journal articles that use poliheuristic theory to explain foreign policy behavior and choices. More specifically, I compare Özdamar and Erciyas’s 2020 Foreign Policy Analysis article, which uses case study methods to analyze Turkish decisions during the crises of 1964, 1967, and 1974, with Redd’s 2002 Journal of Conflict Resolution article that uses experimental methods to analyze decision making in an advisory group setting. Systemism uses diagrams in a visual approach to explicate the relationships among various factors in any given theory. As such, systemism enables us to precisely examine how poliheuristic theory has evolved over nearly twenty years as well as compare what the different methodologies of case studies and experimental methods have to offer in explaining the foreign policy behavior of leaders and their advisers.
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Liu, Ling, Qiuyi Zhu, Dan Yang, and Sen Liu. "Extended Multicriteria Group Decision Making with a Novel Aggregation Operator for Emergency Material Supplier Selection." Entropy 25, no. 4 (April 21, 2023): 702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25040702.
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How to ensure the normal production of industries in an uncertain emergency environment has aroused a lot of concern in society. Selecting the best emergency material suppliers using the multicriteria group decision making (MCGDM) method will ensure the normal production of industries in this environment. However, there are few studies in emergency environments that consider the impact of the decision order of decision makers (DMs) on the decision results. Therefore, in order to fill the research gap, we propose an extended MCGDM method, whose main steps include the following: Firstly, the DMs give their assessment of all alternatives. Secondly, we take the AHP method and entropy weight method to weight the criteria and the DMs. Thirdly, we take the intuitionistic fuzzy hybrid priority weight average (IFHPWA) operator we proposed to aggregate evaluation information and take the TOPSIS method to rank all the alternatives. Finally, the proposed method is applied in a case to prove its practicability and effectiveness. The proposed method considers the influence of the decision order of the DMs on the decision results, which improves the accuracy and efficiency of decision-making results.
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Jin, Feifei, Chang Li, Jinpei Liu, and Ligang Zhou. "Distribution Linguistic Fuzzy Group Decision Making Based on Consistency and Consensus Analysis." Mathematics 9, no. 19 (October 2, 2021): 2457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9192457.
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The development of distribution linguistic provides a new research idea for linguistic information group decision-making (GDM) problems, which is more flexible and convenient for experts to express their opinions. However, in the process of using distribution linguistic fuzzy preference relations (DLFPRs) to solve linguistic information GDM problems, there are few studies that pay attention to both internal consistency adjustment and external consensus of experts. Therefore, this study proposes a fresh decision support model based on consistency adjustment algorithm and consensus adjustment algorithm to solve GDM problems with distribution linguistic data. Firstly, we review the concept of DLFPRs to describe the fuzzy linguistic evaluation information, and then we present the multiplicative consistency of DLFPRs and a new consistency measurement method based on the distance, and investigate the consistency adjustment algorithm to ameliorate the consistency level of DLFPRs. Subsequently, the consensus degree measurement is carried out, and a new consensus degree calculation method is put forward. At the same time, the consensus degree adjustment is taken the expert cost into account to make it reach the predetermined level. Finally, a distribution linguistic fuzzy group decision making (DLFGDM) method is designed to integrate the evaluation linguistic elements and obtain the final evaluation information. A case of the evaluation of China’s state-owned enterprise equity incentive model is provided, and the validity and superiority of the proposed method are performed by comparative analysis.
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Hu, Jun, Jie Wu, and Mengzhe Wang. "Research on VIKOR group decision making using WOWA operator based on interval Pythagorean triangular fuzzy numbers." AIMS Mathematics 8, no. 11 (2023): 26237–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/math.20231338.
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<abstract> <p>A new decision-making method based on interval Pythagorean triangular fuzzy numbers is proposed for fuzzy information decision-making problems, taking the advantages of interval Pythagorean fuzzy numbers and triangular fuzzy numbers into account. The VIse Kriterijumski Optimizacioni Racun (VIKOR) group decision-making method is based on the Weighted Ordered Weighted Average (WOWA) operator of interval Pythagorean triangular fuzzy numbers (IVPTFWOWA). First, this article provides the definition of the IVPTFWOWA operator and proves its degeneracy, idempotence, monotonicity, and boundedness. Second, the decision steps of the VIKOR decision method using the IVPTFWOWA operator are presented. Finally, the scientificity and effectiveness of the proposed method were verified through case studies and comparative discussions. The research results indicate that the following: (1) the IVPTFWOWA operator combines interval Pythagorean fuzzy numbers and triangular fuzzy numbers, complementing the shortcomings of the two fuzzy numbers, and can characterize fuzzy information on continuous geometry, thereby reducing decision errors caused by inaccurate and fuzzy information; (2) the VIKOR decision-making method based on the IVPTFWOWA operator applies comprehensive weights, fully considering the positional weights of the scheme attributes and the weights of raters, and fully utilizing the attribute features of decision-makers and cases; and (3) compared to other methods, there is a significant gap between the decision results obtained using this method, making it easier to identify the optimal solution.</p> </abstract>
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Wei, Guiwu, Yan He, Fan Lei, Jiang Wu, and Cun Wei. "MABAC method for multiple attribute group decision making with probabilistic uncertain linguistic information." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 39, no. 3 (October 7, 2020): 3315–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-191688.
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In recent years, ecological problems have become increasingly serious which are forcing people to give up the past high investment, high consumption and high emission development to promote green growth, implement the green new deal and pay attention to green supply chain research and practice. Therefore, in order to attach great importance to the economic and environmental benefits, enterprises should implement green supply chain and “green” change which has become the trend and urgent. Thus, in order to obtain an optimal green supplier, integration of combined weights and multi-attributive border approximation area comparison (MABAC) under probabilistic uncertain linguistic sets (PULTSs) has offered a novel integrated model, in which information entropy is utilized for calculating objective weights with PULTSs to acquire the final ranking result of green supplier. Besides, so as to indicate the applicability of devised method, it is confirmed by a numerical case for green supplier selection. Some comparative studies are made with some existing methods. The proposed method can also serve for selecting suitable alternative successfully in other selection problems.
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Toupin-April, Karine, Jennifer Barton, Liana Fraenkel, Linda Li, Viviane Grandpierre, Francis Guillemin, Tamara Rader, et al. "Development of a Draft Core Set of Domains for Measuring Shared Decision Making in Osteoarthritis: An OMERACT Working Group on Shared Decision Making." Journal of Rheumatology 42, no. 12 (April 15, 2015): 2442–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.141205.
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Objective.Despite the importance of shared decision making for delivering patient-centered care in rheumatology, there is no consensus on how to measure its process and outcomes. The aim of this Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) working group is to determine the core set of domains for measuring shared decision making in intervention studies in adults with osteoarthritis (OA), from the perspectives of patients, health professionals, and researchers.Methods.We followed the OMERACT Filter 2.0 method to develop a draft core domain set by (1) forming an OMERACT working group; (2) conducting a review of domains of shared decision making; and (3) obtaining opinions of all those involved using a modified nominal group process held at a session activity at the OMERACT 12 meeting.Results.In all, 26 people from Europe, North America, and Australia, including 5 patient research partners, participated in the session activity. Participants identified the following domains for measuring shared decision making to be included as part of the draft core set: (1) identifying the decision, (2) exchanging information, (3) clarifying views, (4) deliberating, (5) making the decision, (6) putting the decision into practice, and (7) assessing the effect of the decision. Contextual factors were also suggested.Conclusion.We proposed a draft core set of shared decision-making domains for OA intervention research studies. Next steps include a workshop at OMERACT 13 to reach consensus on these proposed domains in the wider OMERACT group, as well as to detail subdomains and assess instruments to develop a core outcome measurement set.
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Bashir, Zia, Tabasam Rashid, and Mobashir Iqbal. "Hesitant Probabilistic Fuzzy Preference Relations in Decision Making." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5383487.
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Preference of an alternative over another alternative is a useful way to express the opinion of decision maker. In the process of group decision making, preference relations are used in preference modelling of the alternatives under given criteria. The probability is an important tool to deal with uncertainty; in many scenarios of decision making probabilities of different events affect the decision making process directly. In order to deal with this issue, in this paper, hesitant probabilistic fuzzy preference relation (HPFPR) is defined. Furthermore, consistency of HPFPR and consensus among decision makers are studied in the hesitant probabilistic fuzzy environment. In this respect, many novel algorithms are developed to achieve consistency of HPFPRs and reasonable consensus between decision makers and a final algorithm is proposed comprehending all other algorithms, presenting a complete decision support model for group decision making. Lastly, we present a case study with complete illustration of the proposed model and discussed the effects of probabilities on decision making validating the importance of the introduction of probability in hesitant fuzzy preference relation.
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Rao, Ravipudi Venkata. "BHARAT: A simple and effective multi-criteria decision-making method that does not need fuzzy logic, Part-1: Multi-attribute decision-making applications in the industrial environment." International Journal of Industrial Engineering Computations 15, no. 1 (2024): 13–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.ijiec.2023.12.003.
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A simple and effective multi-criteria decision-making methodology named as “Best Holistic Adaptable Ranking of Attributes Technique (BHARAT)” is proposed that can be used in single- as well as group decision-making scenarios of the industrial environment. The attributes data for various alternatives can be quantitative or qualitative (i.e., expressed in linguistic terms). This paper proposes to transform the qualitative attributes into quantitative attributes by means of simple linear scales rather than complex fuzzy scales. The proposed BHARAT method normalizes the data with reference to the “best” alternative corresponding to an attribute and the normalization procedure is repeated for all the attributes to get the normalized data. A group of decision-makers or a decision-maker assigns ranks to the attributes according to how important they are deemed to be, and these ranks are then transformed into the proper weights. The total scores of the alternatives are calculated by multiplying the weights of the attributes by the corresponding normalized data of the attributes for different alternatives. Four industrial case studies are presented to illustrate the potential of the suggested BHARAT method. The first case study deals with the problem of an automated warehouse selection for a large industrial plant involving a single decision-maker, 13 attributes, and 4 alternative warehouses; the second case study deals with the problem of sustainable maintenance service provider selection for a large petrochemical plant involving fuzzy group decision-making with 5 decision-makers, 9 attributes, and 4 alternative maintenance service providers; the third case study deals with the problem of alternative strategy selection for implementation of a make-to-order system for passenger car manufacturers involving 6 factors, 18 sub-factors, and 3 alternative strategies; and the fourth case study deals with the problem of process parameters selection in a sustainable high speed turning operation involving 4 attributes and 9 alternative sets of experimental conditions. The results of the proposed decision-making method and its second version are compared with the other popular decision-making methods. The proposed method and its another version are proved simple, effective, powerful, flexible, easy to apply, do not require the use of fuzzy logic, offer logical and consistent procedures to assign weights to the attributes, and are applicable to different decision-making scenarios of the industries. Part-1 of this paper describes the applications of the BHARAT method to multi-attribute decision-making problems and Part-2 describes the evaluation of Pareto solutions using the BHARAT method in multiple objective decision-making problems.
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MEEKER, MARY ANN, and MARY ANN JEZEWSKI. "Family decision making at end of life." Palliative and Supportive Care 3, no. 2 (June 2005): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951505050212.
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Objective: To enhance understanding of the phenomenon of family surrogate decision-making at the end of life (EOL) by means of a systematic review and synthesis of published research reports that address this phenomenon.Methods: Garrard's (1999) methods for conducting a systematic review of the literature were followed. Fifty-one studies focusing on family decision-making experiences, needs, and processes when assisting a dying family member were selected following electronic database searches and ancestry searches.Results: In studies using hypothetical scenarios to compare patients' choices and surrogates' predictions of those choices, surrogates demonstrated low to moderate predictive accuracy. Increased accuracy occurred in more extreme scenarios, under conditions of forced choice, and when the surrogate was specifically directed to use substituted judgment. In qualitative explorations of their perspectives, family members voiced their desire to be involved and to accept the moral responsibility attendant to being a surrogate. Quality of communication available with providers significantly influenced family satisfaction with decision-making and EOL care. Group or consensual decision-making involving multiple family members was preferred over individual surrogate decision-making. Surrogates experienced long-term physical and psychological outcomes from being decision-makers.Significance of results: Functioning as a surrogate decision-maker typically places great moral, emotional, and cognitive demands on the family surrogate. Clinicians can provide improved care to both patients and families with better understanding of surrogates' needs and experiences.
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Vrana, Ivan, Jan Tyrychtr, and Martin Pelikán. "BeCoMe: Easy-to-implement optimized method for best-compromise group decision making: Flood-prevention and COVID-19 case studies." Environmental Modelling & Software 136 (February 2021): 104953. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2020.104953.
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Critchley, L. A. H., S. M. Kumta, J. Ware, and J. W. Wong. "Web-Based Formative Assessment Case Studies: Role in a Final Year Medicine Two-Week Anaesthesia Course." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 37, no. 4 (July 2009): 637–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x0903700408.
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Formative Assessment Case Studies (FACS) are an e-learning resource consisting of a case scenario punctuated with decision-making steps (multiple-choice questions) and feedback for wrong answers. FACS was developed to enhance clinical decision-making skills. We wrote six FACS scenarios covering preoperative assessment topics and made them accessible to 149 final year medical students as part of their two-week anaesthesia module. A data management system recorded usage and performance by each student. Eighty-one percent of students attempted FACS (six cases 53%, five cases 17%, one to four cases 9%) and 61 to 70% completed all steps. On average FACS was attempted 1.5 times. Students required 44 to 95% more steps than the minimum to complete each case. There were two patterns of use: some students completed the cases within five to seven minutes (first quartile) focusing on the questions, while others spent over 22 to 35 minutes (fourth quartile) exploring the FACS and feedback. FACS usage correlated (r2=0.32: P <0.01) with written case report marks. The students’ evaluation of FACS was high. FACS is an e-learning resource that is interactive and facilitates higher learning. It can be applied successfully to disciplines less well represented in the medical curriculum, such as anaesthesia. FACS facilitated our teaching of preoperative assessment to a group of final year medical students. It was well received and shown to facilitate the learning of decision-making skills. The students’ usage of FACS could have been enhanced by making FACS compulsory and using summative FACS for assessment.
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Zhu, Huagui, and Fan Liu. "A Group-Decision-Making Framework for Evaluating Urban Flood Resilience: A Case Study in Yangtze River." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 12, 2021): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020665.
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Floods are among the most common and destructive natural disasters confronted by cities and are further aggravated by rapid climate change and increasing urbanization, posing a great challenge to flood risk management. To cope with uncertainty, there is a need to move towards approaches to managing flood risk by taking resilience into consideration. While the evaluation of urban flood resilience has gained much attention in recent decades, studies on quantitative measurement using multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) approaches are rare. In addition, the results determined by different MCDM methods may exhibit considerable variability. It is an intractable task to gather a group consensus from these methods. In this regard, in this paper, we propose a group-decision-making framework for measuring urban resilience to flooding, combining three stages, which are (i) normalizing the data, (ii) weighting the criteria and (iii) aggregating the results. Four objective MCDM methods—i.e., the variation coefficient method, Shannon weighting method, CRITIC and ideal point method—are proposed and treated as reliable methods. A stochastic multi criteria acceptability analysis is adopted to integrate those results into a composite resilience index. The proposed methodology is applied to the resilience evaluation problem of 41 cities in the Yangtze River basin, and the results are compared with those obtained with the four MCDM methods. It is demonstrated that our method considers all possible preferences among the results provided by various MCDM methods and is thus more robust and acceptable.
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Kim, Jinhee. "A Case Study on Group Art Therapy to Improve the Career Decision-Making Level of Vietnamese Students." Korean Society of Culture and Convergence 45, no. 12 (December 31, 2023): 873–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33645/cnc.2023.12.45.12.873.
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The purpose of this study was to conduct a group art therapy program for 7 Vietnamese students at a 4-year university located in P City to determine the impact on the career decision-making level of the students. The research period was conducted once a week from March 8 to April 30, 2022, with a total of 8 sessions of 60 minutes each. Changes in career decision level were examined by measuring the career indecision factor scale test before and after program implementation. As a result of the study, the overall score on the career indecision factor scale improved by 12.3 points before and after. Looking at the changes in the level of career decision-making by stage, in the early stages of the program, participants complained of lack of self-understanding and concerns about career direction, but as they progressed through the middle and late stages, they began to explore the conditions of the job they wanted and recognized the achievement of their goals, and it was seen that their level of career decision-making improved. there was.
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Hayat, Khizar, Muhammad Ali, Bing-Yuan Cao, Faruk Karaaslan, and Xiao-Peng Yang. "Another View of Aggregation Operators on Group-Based Generalized Intuitionistic Fuzzy Soft Sets: Multi-Attribute Decision Making Methods." Symmetry 10, no. 12 (December 14, 2018): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym10120753.
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In this paper, the existing definition of the group-based generalized intuitionistic fuzzy soft set is clarified and redefined by merging intuitionistic fuzzy soft set over the set of alternatives and a group of intuitionistic fuzzy sets on parameters. In this prospect, two new subsets of the group-based generalized intuitionistic fuzzy soft set are proposed and several operations are contemplated. The two new aggregation operators called generalized group-based weighted averaging and generalized group-based weighted geometric operator are introduced. The related properties of proposed operators are discussed. The recent research is emerging on multi-attribute decision making methods based on soft sets, intuitionistic fuzzy soft sets, and generalized intuitionistic fuzzy soft sets. An algorithm is structured and two case studies of multi-attribute decision makings are considered using proposed operators. Further, we provide the comparison and advantages of the proposed method, which give superiorities over recent major existing methods.
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Hayes, Gregory J. "Ethics Committees: Group Process Concerns and the Need for Research." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 4, no. 1 (1995): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180100005697.
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Few ethics committees were in place when the New Jersey Supreme Court announced its ruling on the Quinlan case in 1976. Today, the vast majority of hospitals have formed ethics committees and their use in nursing homes and other healthcare facilities is growing. Given the increasing commitment to the use of ethics committees and their increasing influence on healthcare decision making, the careful evaluation of committee performance should be a high priority. Yet to date ethics committees appear to have undergone relatively little scrutiny. While professional articles on ethics committees do appear and at least one journal (CQ) sets aside a regular section for the discussion of “Ethics Committees at Work” articles to date have primarily been limited to essays, philosophical inquiries, reports, case studies, and, occasionally, surveys. The use of more structured research methodologies has been lacking. As a result, it is not yet clear, for example, what characteristics describe the best functioning ethics committee. Indeed, what constitutes best functioning lacks careful definition as well. Committee impact on medical decision making and patient outcomes, while discussed, has not been systematically measured and analyzed.
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Salim, Linda, Mohd Noor Shariff, and Darwina Ahmad Arshad. "Predecessors’ Attitude toward Conflict Predictor of Family Business Sustainability." International Journal of Family Business Practices 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.33021/ijfbp.v1i1.625.
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<p>Using qualitative interviews to understand the mindset of family business leaders in succession, this study proposes that attitude toward conflict is an important decision making element. A collective case studies uncover how attitude toward conflict predicts decision making during succession and influence optimism on the future of the firms. Findings of the study suggest that predecessors who welcome conflicts as a part of family firms take a more relaxed attitude toward succession, with a wider talent pool. This group are also more egalitarian in strategic decision making and optimistic toward the future of the firms. Predecessors who avoid conflict have smaller talent pool, making decisions to nominate few for the position. They is cautious, making decisions for the successors, and are pessimistic about the future of the firms. Contributions from this study are threefold. First, we introduce the use of attitude toward conflict to measure predecessors' behaviors during succession. Second, through identification of attitude toward conflict, we contribute to the literature by predicting predecessors' optimisms toward the future of the firms in the hands of the next generations. Third, this study contributes another dimension to reciprocal nepotism through discovery that family businesses upholding reciprocal nepotism behave differently.</p>
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Biswas, Sanjib, and Dragan Pamucar. "Facility Location Selection for B-Schools in Indian Context: A Multi-Criteria Group Decision Based Analysis." Axioms 9, no. 3 (July 8, 2020): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms9030077.
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Facility location is one of the critical strategic decisions for any organization. It not only carries the organization’s identity but also connects the point of origin and point of consumption. In the case of higher educational institutions, specifically B-Schools, location is one of the primary concerns for potential students and their parents while selecting an institution for pursuing higher education. There has been a plethora of research conducted to investigate the factors influencing the B-School selection decision-making. However, location as a standalone factor has not been widely studied. This paper aims to explore various location selection criteria from the viewpoint of the candidates who aspire to enroll in B-Schools. We apply an integrated group decision-making framework of pivot pairwise relative criteria importance assessment (PIPRECIA), and level-based weight assessment LBWA is used wherein a group of student counselors, admission executives, and educators from India has participated. The factors which influence the location decision are identified through qualitative opinion analysis. The results show that connectivity and commutation are the dominant issues.
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Öztürk, Necla, Hakan Tozan, and Özalp Vayvay. "A New Decision Model Approach for Health Technology Assessment and a Case Study for Dialysis Alternatives in Turkey." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 10 (May 21, 2020): 3608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103608.
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Background: This paper presents a generic Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) model for Health Technology Assessment (HTA) decision-making, which can be applied to a wide range of HTA studies, regardless of the healthcare technology type under consideration. Methods: The HTA Core Model® of EUnetHTA was chosen as a basis for the development of the MCDA model because of its common acceptance among European Union countries. Validation of MCDA4HTA was carried out by an application with the HTA study group of the Turkish Ministry of Health. The commitment of the decision-making group is completed via an online application of 10 different questionnaires. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to determine the weights. Scores of the criteria in MCDA4HTA are gathered directly from the HTA report. The performance matrix in this application is run with fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), fuzzy Vise Kriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR), and goal programming MCDA techniques. Results: Results for fuzzy VIKOR, fuzzy TOPSIS, and goal programming are 0.018, 0.309, and 0.191 for peritoneal dialysis and 0.978, 0.677, and 0.327 for hemodialysis, respectively. Conclusions: Peritoneal dialysis is found to be the best choice under the given circumstances, despite its higher costs to society. As an integrated decision-making model for HTA, MCDA4HTA supports both evidence-based decision policy and the transparent commitment of multi-disciplinary stakeholders.
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Witkop, Catherine, Dario Torre, Emily Harvey, and Lauren Maggio. "Educational interventions for shared decision making and the role of patient agency: A Systematic Review." F1000Research 10 (August 4, 2021): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.54168.1.
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Background: Shared decision making is critical to patient-centered care and yet there is limited consensus on effective teaching approaches for training physicians in this domain. As a collaborative process in which the patient and physician co-create a decision, patient and relational agency may be important contributors and studies with patient-reported outcomes may identify successful approaches and determine gaps in pedagogy. The authors conducted a systematic review of educational interventions for shared decision making, focusing on patient-reported outcomes and consideration of agency. Methods: Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for studies describing educational interventions with patient-level outcomes published between January 2000 and January 2020. Articles were excluded if they were not in English, included only patient interventions, or reported only physician outcomes. Quality assessment was performed using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI). Data about the educational methods used were extracted and included studies were assessed for quality. Thematic analysis was performed to identify the potential role of agency. Results: 26 articles were identified describing 17 unique studies. Educational interventions were diverse in duration and content, with multiple components. Three-quarters of studies used role play or simulated patients and 82% included tools to facilitate shared decisions. Although no articles explicitly discussed facilitating agency as a component of the intervention or as an outcome, one qualitative study demonstrated themes of patient and relational agency. Conclusions: Educational interventions included small group discussion, decision aids, role play, and simulated patients, and improved a range of patient outcomes, but our study included only studies including practicing physicians, limiting applicability to trainees and other health care providers. Interventions have not included explicit instructional design around agency, but qualitative analyses demonstrated interventions may facilitate agency and shared decision making. Future instructional strategies should consider the complexity inherent in co-constructing decisions.
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Stum, Marlene S. "Group Long-Term Care Insurance: Decision-Making Factors and Implications for Financing Long-Term Care." Journal of Aging & Social Policy 20, no. 2 (May 14, 2008): 165–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08959420801977533.
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Aikhuele, Daniel O., and Faiz Mohd Turan. "An exponential-related function for decision-making in engineering and management." Open Engineering 7, no. 1 (June 9, 2017): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2017-0022.
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AbstractAn intuitionistic fuzzy TOPSIS model, which is based on an exponential-related function (IF-TOPSIS) and a fuzzy entropy method, has been proposed in this study. The exponential-related function, which represents the aggregated effect of positive and negative evaluations in the performance ratings of the alternatives, based on the intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) data. Serves, as a computational tool for measuring the separation distance of decision alternatives from the intuitionistic fuzzy positive and negative ideal solution to determine the relative closeness coefficient. The main advantage of this new approach is that (1) it uses a subjective and objective based approach for the computation of the criteria weight and (2) its simplicity both in its concept and computational procedures. The proposed method has successfully been implemented for the evaluation of some engineering designs related problems including the selection of a preferred floppy disk from a group of design alternatives, the selection of the best concept design for a new air-conditions system and finally, the selection of a preferred mouse from a group of alternatives as a reference for a new design. Also, for each of the three case studies, the method has been compared with some similar computational approaches.
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Ma, Junchi, Bart Wiegmans, Xifu Wang, Kai Yang, and Lijun Jiang. "A Hybrid DEMATEL and Bayesian Best–Worst Method Approach for Inland Port Development Evaluation." Axioms 12, no. 12 (December 13, 2023): 1116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms12121116.
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Inland ports are gaining more and more attention as important hubs for inland cities to promote foreign trade. However, studies on the evaluation of inland ports are lacking. In this work, we aim to construct an index system and propose a multi-criteria group decision-making method to comprehensively evaluate the development of inland ports. Unlike previous studies, using pressure–state–response model as a reference, we built up a demand–risk–power–potential framework for the index system proposed in this study. To determine the different weights for each indicator, which is a typical multi-criteria decision-making problem, we innovatively combined the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) and the Bayesian best–worst method (BBWM) based on their distinct advantages in dealing with data coupling and group decision-making. In addition, this work introduces a case study of inland ports in the Huaihai Economy Zone to validate the efficacy of the proposed evaluation model and method. After calculating and obtaining the comprehensive scores and rankings of each inland port in this case, we compared the evaluation results with those under the BBWM, TOPSIS, and CRITIC methodologies, and found that the results under the DEMATEL–BBWM methodology can provide better differentiation for inland port evaluation results. Moreover, based on the evaluation results, a performance–importance matrix is formulated to identify the areas requiring attention in the development process of each inland port. Subsequently, rational managerial insights are put forward to achieve the sustainable development of inland ports in the Huaihai Economy Zone.
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Hernández-Marrero, Pablo, Emília Fradique, and Sandra Martins Pereira. "Palliative care nursing involvement in end-of-life decision-making: Qualitative secondary analysis." Nursing Ethics 26, no. 6 (May 28, 2018): 1680–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733018774610.
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Background: Nurses are the largest professional group in healthcare and those who make more decisions. In 2014, the Committee on Bioethics of the Council of Europe launched the “Guide on the decision-making process regarding medical treatment in end-of-life situations” (hereinafter, Guide), aiming at improving decision-making processes and empowering professionals in making end-of-life decisions. The Guide does not mention nurses explicitly. Objectives: To analyze the ethical principles most valued by nurses working in palliative care when making end-of-life decisions and investigate if they are consistent with the framework and recommendations of the Guide; to identify what disputed/controversial issues are more frequent in these nurses’ current end-of-life care practices. Design: Qualitative secondary analysis. Participants/context: Three qualitative datasets including 32 interviews from previous studies with nurses working in palliative care in Portugal. Ethical consideration: Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Research Lab of the Instituto de Bioética (Ethics Research Lab of the Institute of Bioethics) (Ref.04.2015). Ethical procedures are thoroughly described. Findings: All participant nurses referred to autonomy as an ethical principle paramount in end-of-life decision-making. They were commonly involved in end-of-life decision-making. Palliative sedation and communication were the most mentioned disputed/controversial issues. Discussion: Autonomy was highly valued in end-of-life care and decision-making. Nurses expressed major concerns in assessing patients’ preferences, wishes, and promoting advance care planning. Nurses working in palliative care in Portugal were highly involved in end-of-life decision-making. These processes embraced a collective, inclusive approach. Palliative sedation was the most mentioned disputed issue, which is aligned with previous findings. Communication also emerged as a sensitive ethical issue; it is surprising, however, that only three nurses referred to it. Conclusion: While the Guide does not explicitly mention nurses in its content, this study shows that nurses working in palliative care in Portugal are involved in these processes. Further research is needed on nurses’ involvement and practices in end-of-life decision-making.