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1
Institute of Economic Affairs (Great Britain), ed. The European institutions as an interest group: The dynamics of ever-closer union. London: IEA, 2009.
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2
J, Newman M. E., Barabási Albert-László, and Watts Duncan J. 1971-, eds. The structure and dynamics of networks. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006.
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3
Sang-hwa, Chŏng, ed. Chungguk Chosŏnjok ŭi chunggan chiptanjŏk sŏngkyŏk kwa Han-Chung kwanʼgye: Chinese Korean as an interlocking group between Korea and China, and the dynamics of Sino-Korean relations. Sŏul-si: Paeksan Charyowŏn, 2007.
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4
Reddy, Kavita. Benefits of belonging: Dynamic group identity as a protective resource against psychological threat. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2011.
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5
K, Naveen Kumar. Progressive lending as a dynamic incentive mechanism in microfinance group lending programmes: Empirical evidence from India. Bangalore: Institute for Social and Economic Change, 2011.
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6
Dolzhenkova, Yuliya, Galina Rudenko, Fedor Mihaylov, Svetlana Sotnikova, Anatoliy Zhukov, Ivan Grigorov, Tat'yana Grechko, et al. HR Management in Russia: concepts of a new Normality. Book 8. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1141764.
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The monograph contains the results of research, systematized in five groups. The first group is presented with information about the current vectors of the development of the personnel management system, the harmonization of its statics and dynamics, the benchmarking of human resources, the impact of personnel management on the growth of labor productivity as the main factor of efficiency. The content of the second group is the specifics of health management in the workplace. The third group presents issues of social well-being and social interaction of employees, najing, and corporate remuneration. The fourth group includes the problems of personnel aging, the biological and socio-economic determinants of the phenomenon, and the idea of maintaining labor success. The content of the fifth group focuses on the representation of parental labor, as well as the readiness of the domestic higher education system to respond to the requirements of the modern economy and perceive it as a new normality. For postgraduates, undergraduates, students, researchers who are engaged in research in the field of personnel management, as well as the teaching staff of universities and employers.
7
Serebryakov, Andrey, and Gennadiy Zhuravlev. Exploitation of oil and gas fields by horizontal wells. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/971768.
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The textbook describes the design features of offshore horizontal multi-hole production wells, as well as the bottom-hole components of horizontal multi-hole wells. The classification of complications of multi-hole horizontal wells, methods of their prevention and elimination are given. Methods of underground geonavigation of the development of offshore horizontal production wells are proposed. The geological and field bases of operation of horizontal offshore multi-hole oil and gas wells, modes and dynamics of oil, gas and associated water production, methods for calculating dynamic bottom-hole and reservoir pressures are specified. The technologies of operation of offshore horizontal multi-hole wells are presented. The composition and scope of environmental, field and research marine monitoring of the operation of offshore horizontal multi-hole wells and the protection of the marine environment in the production of oil and gas are justified. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for undergraduates of the enlarged group of "Earth Sciences" training areas, as well as for teachers, employees of the fuel and energy complex, industrial geological exploration and oil and gas production enterprises, scientific and design organizations.
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Hidalgo, Javiera Jaque, and Miguel A. Valerio. Indigenous and Black Confraternities in Colonial Latin America. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463721547.
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Employing a transregional and interdisciplinary approach, this volume explores indigenous and black confraternities –or lay Catholic brotherhoods– founded in colonial Spanish America and Brazil between the sixteenth and eighteenth century. It presents a varied group of cases of religious confraternities founded by subaltern subjects, both in rural and urban spaces of colonial Latin America, to understand the dynamics and relations between the peripheral and central areas of colonial society, underlying the ways in which colonialized subjects navigated the colonial domain with forms of social organization and cultural and religious practices. The book analyzes indigenous and black confraternal cultural practices as forms of negotiation and resistance shaped by local devotional identities that also transgressed imperial religious and racial hierarchies. The analysis of these practices explores the intersections between ethnic identity and ritual devotion, as well as how the establishment of black and indigenous religious confraternities carried the potential to subvert colonial discourse.
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Kalas, Gregor, and Ann Dijk, eds. Urban Developments in Late Antique and Medieval Rome. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462989085.
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A narrative of decline punctuated by periods of renewal has long structured perceptions of Rome’s late antique and medieval history. In their probing contributions to this volume, a multi-disciplinary group of scholars provides alternative approaches to understanding the period. Addressing developments in governance, ceremony, literature, art, music, clerical education and the construction of the city’s identity, the essays examine how a variety of actors, from poets to popes, productively addressed the intermittent crises and shifting dynamics of these centuries in ways that bolstered the city’s resilience. Without denying that the past (both pre-Christian and Christian) consistently remained a powerful touchstone, the studies in this volume offer rich new insights into the myriad ways that Romans, between the fifth and the eleventh centuries, creatively assimilated the past as they shaped their future.
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Haroutyunian, Sona, and Dario Miccoli. Orienti migranti: tra letteratura e traduzione. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-499-8.
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The book series, edited by Nicoletta Pesaro and sponsored by the Department of Asian and North African Studies, aims to give voice to a time-honoured branch of theoretical and practical research across the disciplines and research domains within the Department. The series aims to establish a platform for scholarly discussion and a space for international dialogue on the translation of Asian and North African languages. In doing so, the project aims to observe and verify the translingual and transcultural dynamics triggered by translation from and into said ‘languages-cultures’, as well as to identify and explore the deep cultural mechanisms and structures involved in interethnic behaviours and relationships. Translation is also a major research tool in the humanities. As a matter of fact, a hermeneutic potential in terms of cultural mediation is inherent in translation activities and in the reflection on translation: it is precisely this potential that allows scholars, in both their research and dissemination work, to bring to the surface the interethnic and intercultural dynamics regulating the relationships between civilisations, both diachronically and synchronically. The project is a continuation and a development of the research carried out in recent years by the former Department of East Asian Studies – now Department of Asian and North African Studies – of Ca’ Foscari University of Venice through a series of initiatives organised by the research group on the translation of Asian languages “Laboratorio sulla Traduzione delle Lingue orientali” (Laboratori sulle lingue orientali). Such activities involved periodical meetings on translation, whose objective was to introduce and discuss specific issues in translation from and into Asian languages, as well as several international events (workshops, conferences, and symposia).
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Wit, Margareth. Making Shift Happen. Translated by Jonathan Hills. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463720267.
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Leadership is learnable. Furthermore, future developments within our organizations will be strongly influenced by our leadership effectiveness. In ten steps Margareth de Wit describes how, as a leader, you can train yourself to achieve desired transitions within your organization. Educated at INSEAD and Wharton, Margareth de Wit has a long and rich experience working at the top of international companies in the USA, India, the UK, and Africa, providing intensive leadership sessions to CEOs, commissioners, managers, and directors. Margareth de Wit has inspired hundreds of professionals within the education sector to see themselves as playing the central role in providing better education through intelligent collaboration in self-managing school teams. Her experiences show that systematic attention to leadership and group dynamics creates organizations that are both successful and future-proof. Providing striking examples from her broad practice and experience, historical comparisons, human interactions, analytical schemes, and evidence-based methods, de Wit paints a picture of the road that leads to effective leadership. While this transition is never finished, it is nevertheless one that always leads to both personal and organizational improvement.
12
Yudaev, Vasiliy. Hydraulics. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/996354.
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The textbook corresponds to the general education programs of the general courses "Hydraulics" and "Fluid Mechanics". The basic physical properties of liquids, gases, and their mixtures, including the quantum nature of viscosity in a liquid, are described; the laws of hydrostatics, their observation in natural phenomena, and their application in engineering are described. The fundamentals of the kinematics and dynamics of an incompressible fluid are given; original examples of the application of the Bernoulli equation are given. The modes of fluid motion are supplemented by the features of the transient flow mode at high local resistances. The basics of flow similarity are shown. Laminar and turbulent modes of motion in pipes are described, and the classification of flows from a creeping current to four types of hypersonic flow around the body is given. The coefficients of nonuniformity of momentum and kinetic energy for several flows of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids are calculated. Examples of solving problems of transient flows by hydraulic methods are given. Local hydraulic resistances, their use in measuring equipment and industry, hydraulic shock, polytropic flow of gas in the pipe and its outflow from the tank are considered. The characteristics of different types of pumps, their advantages and disadvantages, and ways of adjustment are described. A brief biography of the scientists mentioned in the textbook is given, and their contribution to the development of the theory of hydroaeromechanics is shown. The four appendices can be used as a reference to the main text, as well as a subject index. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students of higher educational institutions who study full-time, part-time, evening, distance learning forms of technological and mechanical specialties belonging to the group "Food Technology".
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Bußmann, Uwe. Group Dynamics: The Nature of Groups As Well As Dynamics of Informal Groups and Dysfunctions. Anchor Academic Publishing. ein Imprint der Diplomica Verlag GmbH, 2013.
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14
Bußmann, Uwe. Group Dynamics: The Nature of Groups As Well As Dynamics of Informal Groups and Dysfunctions. Diplomica Verlag, 2014.
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15
Kunihiro, Teiji, Yuta Kikuchi, and Kyosuke Tsumura. Geometrical Formulation of Renormalization-Group Method As an Asymptotic Analysis: With Applications to Derivation of Causal Fluid Dynamics. Springer Singapore Pte. Limited, 2022.
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16
Geometrical Formulation of Renormalization-Group Method As an Asymptotic Analysis: With Applications to Derivation of Causal Fluid Dynamics. Springer, 2023.
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17
Gastil, John, Katherine R. Knobloch, and Jason Gilmore. The Internal Dynamics and Political Power of Small Group Political Deliberation. Edited by Kate Kenski and Kathleen Hall Jamieson. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.013.023.
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The authors essay summarize the implications of public deliberation scholarship for the study of political communication as it occurs in small social bodies, from dyadic conversations and small groups to structured deliberative bodies, such as Citizens’ Assemblies. They begin by illustrating the growth, impact, and importance of this relatively new area of study in political communication. The heart of the essay contains a review of the findings of key studies relevant to, influenced by, or designed to advance deliberative theories of group behavior. The third section emphasizes one particular subarea of importance in this body of work—the potential power of connecting small group deliberation with large-scale public judgment. In the final section, the authors identify some of the key unanswered questions about group deliberation.
18
Structure and Dynamics of Networks. Princeton University Press, 2011.
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19
1941-, Clarke J. L., Garas F. K, Armer G. S. T, Institution of Structural Engineers. Informal Study Group "Model Analysis as a Design Tool"., American Concrete Institute. Committee 444., and Building Research Establishment, eds. Structural design for hazardous loads: Proceedings of the international seminar held by the Institution of Structural Engineers and the Building Research Establishment, and organized by the Institution of Structural Engineers Informal Study Group "Model Analysis as a Design Tool", in collaboration with American Concrete Institute Committee 444 "Models for Concrete Structures" : Brighton,UK April 17-19 1991. Spon, 1992.
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20
Boski, Pawel. Explorations in Dynamics of Symbolic Meaning with Cultural Experiments. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190879228.003.0006.
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To counterbalance the predominantly verbal measures and psychometric orientation in cross-cultural psychology, this chapter proposes the concept of cultural experiment. It is a method of sampling normative behavioral scripts, exploring their inner structures of meaning, and finally designing reversals, with the expectation of disconfirmation as their ultimate validity test. Pictorial materials (videos) are the preferred methods in this approach as contextualized models of existing cultural arrangements or their modifications. Empirical evidence comes from five cross-cultural research projects spanned over 30 years. These experiments illustrate contrasts in psychological adaptation to congruent and incongruent scenarios. They provide answers when new cultural ways meet with resistance and when novelty is appreciated or tolerated. Three experiments focus on dynamics of gender role prescriptions from Polish and Scandinavian perspectives. Another study investigates person perception of culturally familiar and remote African actors. The last study explores tolerance priming through religious icons from in-group and out-group cultures.
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Oro, Daniel. Perturbation, Behavioural Feedbacks, and Population Dynamics in Social Animals. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198849834.001.0001.
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In social animals, perturbations may trigger specific behavioural responses with consequences for dispersal and complex population dynamics. Perturbations raise the need for information gathering in order to reduce uncertainty and increase resilience. Updated information is then shared within the group and social behaviours emerge as a self-organized process. This social information factoralizes with the size of the group, and it is finally used for making crucial decisions about, for instance, when to leave the patch and where to go. Indeed, evolution has favoured philopatry over dispersal, and this trade-off is challenged by perturbations. When perturbations accumulate over time, they may decrease the suitability of the patch and erode the philopatric state until crossing a tipping point, beyond which most individuals decide to disperse to better areas. Initially, the decision to disperse is led by a few individuals, and this decision is copied by the rest of the group in an autocatalytic way. This feedback process of social copying is termed runaway dispersal. Furthermore, social copying enhances the evolution of cultural and technological innovation, which may cause additional nonlinearities for population dynamics. Social information gathering and social copying have also occurred in human evolution, especially after perturbations such as climate extremes and warfare. In summary, social feedback processes cause nonlinear population dynamics including hysteresis and critical transitions (from philopatry to patch collapses and invasions), which emerge from the collective behaviour of large ensembles of individuals.
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Raff, Lionel, Ranga Komanduri, Martin Hagan, and Satish Bukkapatnam. Neural Networks in Chemical Reaction Dynamics. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199765652.001.0001.
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This monograph presents recent advances in neural network (NN) approaches and applications to chemical reaction dynamics. Topics covered include: (i) the development of ab initio potential-energy surfaces (PES) for complex multichannel systems using modified novelty sampling and feedforward NNs; (ii) methods for sampling the configuration space of critical importance, such as trajectory and novelty sampling methods and gradient fitting methods; (iii) parametrization of interatomic potential functions using a genetic algorithm accelerated with a NN; (iv) parametrization of analytic interatomic potential functions using NNs; (v) self-starting methods for obtaining analytic PES from ab inito electronic structure calculations using direct dynamics; (vi) development of a novel method, namely, combined function derivative approximation (CFDA) for simultaneous fitting of a PES and its corresponding force fields using feedforward neural networks; (vii) development of generalized PES using many-body expansions, NNs, and moiety energy approximations; (viii) NN methods for data analysis, reaction probabilities, and statistical error reduction in chemical reaction dynamics; (ix) accurate prediction of higher-level electronic structure energies (e.g. MP4 or higher) for large databases using NNs, lower-level (Hartree-Fock) energies, and small subsets of the higher-energy database; and finally (x) illustrative examples of NN applications to chemical reaction dynamics of increasing complexity starting from simple near equilibrium structures (vibrational state studies) to more complex non-adiabatic reactions. The monograph is prepared by an interdisciplinary group of researchers working as a team for nearly two decades at Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK with expertise in gas phase reaction dynamics; neural networks; various aspects of MD and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of nanometric cutting, tribology, and material properties at nanoscale; scaling laws from atomistic to continuum; and neural networks applications to chemical reaction dynamics. It is anticipated that this emerging field of NN in chemical reaction dynamics will play an increasingly important role in MD, MC, and quantum mechanical studies in the years to come.
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Gilley, Jerry W. The Manager as Politician. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400681998.
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Politics is a way of life in every organization. Like it or not, managers must develop political savvy in order to succeed as leaders; every interaction has political undertones that affect their performance in the workplace. As politicians, managers are called upon to bring together parties with different (and often competing) agendas, and to demonstrate the experience, capabilities, and qualities necessary to solve problems and make decisions in a timely fashion. As politicians, managers must be keenly aware of the human and organizational aspects of conflict—along with techniques to resolve it—while successfully balancing individual, group, and organization-wide goals and priorities. The Manager as Politician examines the dynamics of organizational power plays and interpersonal communication, and shows managers how to step over landmines, overcome challenges, and develop the skills and instincts necessary for political survival. Jerry W. Gilley outlines the key roles and responsibilities of the political navigator, who is adept at identifying allies and foes, building trust, and delivering results. Featuring personal assessment and development tools and an extensive listing of related books, journals, organizations and web sites, The Manager as Politician is an essential resource for managers looking to establish effective relationships with employees, colleagues, and organizational leaders, while enhancing their authority and influence.
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Seligman, Adam B., and Robert P. Weller. How Things Count as the Same. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190888718.001.0001.
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How do human beings craft enduring social groups and long-lasting relationships? Given the myriad differences that divide one individual from another, why do we recognize anyone as somehow sharing a common fate with us? How do we live in harmony with groups that may not share that sense of common fate? Such relationships lie at the heart of the problems of pluralism that increasingly face so many nations today. This book answers a seemingly simple question, which forms the core of how we constitute ourselves as groups and as individuals: What counts as the same? Note that “counting as” the same differs from “being” the same. Counting as the same is thus not an empirical question about how much or how little one person shares with another or one event shares with a previous event. Nevertheless, as humans we construct sameness all the time. In the process, of course, we also construct difference. Creating sameness and difference, however, leaves us with the perennial problem of how to live with difference instead of seeing it as a threat. In this book we suggest that there are multiple ways in which we can count things as the same and that each of them fosters different kinds of group dynamics and different sets of benefits and risks for the creation of plural societies. While there might be many ways to understand how people construct sameness, three seem especially important and form the focus of our analysis: we call them memory, mimesis, and metaphor.
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Rajeev, S. G. Curvature and Instability. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805021.003.0011.
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The Euler equations of a rigid body can be understood as the geodesic equations for a metric on the rotation group. A rapid introduction to the Riemannian geometry of Lie groups (following Milnor) is given and illuminated by the example of the rigid body. The deep generalization of Arnold to the case of an incompressible fluid is then explained. The Euler equations of an ideal incompressible fluid are shown to be geodesics of the group of volume preserving diffeomorphisms. The curvature of this metric is calculated. Contrary to the case of the rigid body, the curvature is negative, implying that the dynamics of such a fluid is highly unstable. Some ideas on how geodesic dynamics is modified by dissipation are introduced. This leads to new generalizations of Riemannian geometry.
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Narens, Louis, and Brian Skyrms. The Pursuit of Happiness. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198856450.001.0001.
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Utilitarianism began as a movement for social reform that changed the world. To understand Utilitarianism, we must understand utility – how is it to be measured, and how aggregate utility of a group can be understood. The authors, a cognitive scientist and a philosopher, pursue these questions from Bentham to the present, examining psychophysics, positivism, measurement theory, meaningfulness, neuropsychology, representation theorems, and dynamics of formation of conventions.
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Fuchsel, Catherine. Theoretical Background. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190672829.003.0004.
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In this chapter, the theoretical foundation of the Sí, Yo Puedo (SYP) curriculum and program is examined. Intersectionality, which examines the intersection of concepts such as immigration status, domestic violence, race/ethnicity, and culture and is the main theory behind the development of the SYP curriculum and program, is explained and the author examines her own intersecting identities. Other theories that were used in the development of the SYP curriculum and program include feminist ideology, which examines power differences between genders and a patriarchal system; the family violence perspective; social work and therapeutic theories; group theory, which relates to knowledge of the group facilitator’s role and group work and dynamics; and the domestic violence empowerment framework, which raises awareness and provides education.
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Smith, Wendy K., Marianne W. Lewis, Paula Jarzabkowski, and Ann Langley, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Organizational Paradox. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198754428.001.0001.
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Organizations are rife with paradoxes. Contradictory and interdependent tensions emerge from and within multiple levels, including individual interactions, group dynamics, organizational strategies, and the broader institutional context. Examples abound such as those between stability and change, empowerment and alienation, flexibility and control, diversity and inclusion, exploration and exploitation, social and commercial, competition and collaboration, learning and performing. These examples accentuate the distinctions between concepts, positing their potential opposition; either A or B. Yet the social world is pluralistic, and comprises multiple, interwoven tensions, in which the relationship between A and B persists in a dynamic, ever-changing relationship. In the last thirty years, the depth and breadth of paradox studies in organizational theory has grown exponentially, surfacing new insights and applications while challenging foundational ideas, and raising questions around definitions, overlapping lenses, and varied research and managerial approaches. In this book, renowned organizational scholars draw from diverse lenses, theories, and empirics to depict paradox within organizational studies and provide a range of lenses and tools with which to understand and conduct research into such phenomena. In doing so, we hope these chapters re-energize continued insight on organizational paradox, plurality, tensions, and contractions.
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Fox, Raymond. The Use of Self. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190616144.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This monograph presents recent advances in neural network (NN) approaches and applications to chemical reaction dynamics. Topics covered include: (i) the development of ab initio potential-energy surfaces (PES) for complex multichannel systems using modified novelty sampling and feedforward NNs; (ii) methods for sampling the configuration space of critical importance, such as trajectory and novelty sampling methods and gradient fitting methods; (iii) parametrization of interatomic potential functions using a genetic algorithm accelerated with a NN; (iv) parametrization of analytic interatomic potential functions using NNs; (v) self-starting methods for obtaining analytic PES from ab inito electronic structure calculations using direct dynamics; (vi) development of a novel method, namely, combined function derivative approximation (CFDA) for simultaneous fitting of a PES and its corresponding force fields using feedforward neural networks; (vii) development of generalized PES using many-body expansions, NNs, and moiety energy approximations; (viii) NN methods for data analysis, reaction probabilities, and statistical error reduction in chemical reaction dynamics; (ix) accurate prediction of higher-level electronic structure energies (e.g. MP4 or higher) for large databases using NNs, lower-level (Hartree-Fock) energies, and small subsets of the higher-energy database; and finally (x) illustrative examples of NN applications to chemical reaction dynamics of increasing complexity starting from simple near equilibrium structures (vibrational state studies) to more complex non-adiabatic reactions. The monograph is prepared by an interdisciplinary group of researchers working as a team for nearly two decades at Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK with expertise in gas phase reaction dynamics; neural networks; various aspects of MD and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of nanometric cutting, tribology, and material properties at nanoscale; scaling laws from atomistic to continuum; and neural networks applications to chemical reaction dynamics. It is anticipated that this emerging field of NN in chemical reaction dynamics will play an increasingly important role in MD, MC, and quantum mechanical studies in the years to come.
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Winkelman, Michael J. Shamanism. 2nd ed. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216014133.
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This book examines shamanism from evolutionary and biological perspectives to identify the origins of shamanic healing in rituals that enhance individual and group function. What does the brain do during "soul journeys"? How do shamans alter consciousness and why is this important for healing? Are shamans different from other kinds of healers? Is there a connection between the rituals performed by chimpanzees and traditional shamanistic practices? All of these questions and many more are answered in Shamanism, Second Edition: A Biopsychosocial Paradigm of Consciousness and Healing. This text contains crosscultural examinations of the nature of shamanism, biological perspectives on alterations of consciousness, mechanisms of shamanistic healing, as well as the evolutionary origins of shamanism. It presents the shamanic paradigm within a biopsychosocial framework for explaining successful human evolution through group rituals. In the final chapter,"the author compares shamanistic rituals with chimpanzee displays to identify homologies that point to the ritual dynamics of our ancient hominid ancestors.
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Bradley, Ben. Darwin's Psychology. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198708216.001.0001.
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Darwin has long been hailed as forefather to behavioural science, and even more so nowadays, with the growing popularity of evolutionary psychologies. This is the first book to examine Darwin’s own extensive writings about psychological matters. It finds that Darwin’s fulcrum was the agency of living creatures—both in his psychology and in his theory of evolution. A careful reading of Darwin’s writings on topics from climbing plants to babies shows that no individual-based theory of evolution can explain everything about human action. The interpersonal domain, group-life and culture, are also key, whether we consider the dynamics of conscience, emotional expressions or the dramas of desire. For example, Darwin argues that the anatomy and physiology of evolutionarily ‘purposeless’ facial movements gain meaning through their perception by others. His explanation of blushing adds a layer of complexity to such recognition—my blush results from my perception of how you are reading me. A similar reflexive dynamic governs how Darwin understands sexual desire, conscience, the setting of social standards, and the place of culture in human agency. Testing the main plank of Darwin’s psychology—that a capacity for group-interaction underpins the most human aspects of human agency—has awaited contemporary research, being recently confirmed by film-studies of young babies. Darwin’s writings frame a surprisingly well-resourced arena for elaboration of a socialized, agentic account of how we and our fellow creatures live. Moreover, Darwin stands at the forefront of moves toward an evolutionary biology in which organisms lead and genes follow.
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Weisband, Edward. Perversity in the Performative. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190677886.003.0007.
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To study the staged performative transgressions of victims, sadistic cruelty borne by the desire on the part of perpetrators to witness the collective dying of victims, requires analytical orientations beyond those focused exclusively on motivations cast in rational or rationalizing, cognitive or purposive strategic terms. Performativity as a theoretical perspective establishes the explanatory relevance of the unconscious in appraising the dynamics of desire, shame, and sadistic cruelty among perpetrators. Various psychosocial perspectives may be adopted in this regard. Sadistic behaviors are not only cruel; they demand that the cruelty be displayed in the name of the laws of prohibition. Perpetrator behaviors in mass atrocity demonstrate the psychic elements of emotionality and fantasy, paranoia and obsession. Group dynamics in the macabresque ebb and flow in the subterranean tides of anxiety and psychic desire made manifest by reifications and sadistic hate, a central focus of study in the analysis of perpetrator performativity.
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Ohanesian, Nicholas M. Collective Bargaining and Workforce Protections in Sports. Edited by Michael A. McCann. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190465957.013.9.
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This chapter addresses collective bargaining and workforce protections available in professional sports. Broadly speaking, collective bargaining in the United States is a workplace arrangement where employees opt to negotiate as a group with their employer through a labor union. The two parties typically negotiate an agreement, commonly called a collective bargaining agreement, that codifies for the length of the contract the rights and responsibilities of each side. Conversely, the term “workforce protections” injects the government into the employer-employee relationship. Federal and state authorities pass laws that regulate the relationship between employers and employees in the workplace. As this chapter explains, these dynamics play out in both traditional and unique ways in U.S. professional sports.
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Sandstrom, Marlene J. The Peer Nature of Relational Aggression. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190491826.003.0011.
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Relational aggression (RA), which involves the manipulation of a target’s relationships, peer status, or reputation, is an inherently interpersonal weapon. This chapter focuses on the peer context of RA, and addresses core questions about the association between RA and social constructs such as group acceptance, rejection, popularity, and friendship. What are the interpersonal costs and benefits of RA? What factors might explain why some relationally aggressive children are able to achieve and maintain popularity and social centrality despite being disliked? How does RA play out within mutual friendships? And how do the peer dynamics surrounding RA shift across development? The chapter begins with a discussion of RA in relation to group-level peer experiences (i.e., peer liking/acceptance; disliking/rejection; perceived popularity) and then turns to an exploration of RA within the context of friendships. It concludes with a discussion of selection and influence effects in regard to relationally aggressive behavior.
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Stout, Chris E., ed. Psychology of Terrorism. Praeger Publishing Group, Inc., 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216194101.
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Responding directly to 9/11, an outstanding interdisciplinary group of academics, clinicians, and activists from around the world united to produce this clear exploration of terrorism. Contributors, including Pulitzer Prize-winner Dr. John E. Mack, present an enormous range of terror-related factors in this important multivolume set. Following a foreword by Professor Klaus Schwab, president and founder of the World Economic Forum, chapters address terror and violence perpetrated by children, compare terrorists to cultists, and separate the fact, fiction, and hysteria surrounding bioterrorism. Other topics include: •Historical contexts •Group dynamics •Social and behavioral issues •Psychological and psychopathological issues •Evolutionary issues •Forensics Also presented are global perspectives on issues such as: •Understanding and empathy •Bias, prejudice, and racism •Hate •Sexism Additional subjects include state terrorism, countering international terrorism using perspectives from international psychology, and the role of resilience in terror's aftermath. Forged with a combination of talents and viewpoints rarely seen in the worlds of academia and activism, these volumes advance knowledge and understanding as a framework for considering responses to terrorism.
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Stout, Chris E., ed. Psychology of Terrorism. Praeger Publishing Group, Inc., 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216194125.
Full textAbstract:
Responding directly to 9/11, an outstanding interdisciplinary group of academics, clinicians, and activists from around the world united to produce this clear exploration of terrorism. Contributors, including Pulitzer Prize-winner Dr. John E. Mack, present an enormous range of terror-related factors in this important multivolume set. Following a foreword by Professor Klaus Schwab, president and founder of the World Economic Forum, chapters address terror and violence perpetrated by children, compare terrorists to cultists, and separate the fact, fiction, and hysteria surrounding bioterrorism. Other topics include: •Historical contexts •Group dynamics •Social and behavioral issues •Psychological and psychopathological issues •Evolutionary issues •Forensics Also presented are global perspectives on issues such as: •Understanding and empathy •Bias, prejudice, and racism •Hate •Sexism Additional subjects include state terrorism, countering international terrorism using perspectives from international psychology, and the role of resilience in terror's aftermath. Forged with a combination of talents and viewpoints rarely seen in the worlds of academia and activism, these volumes advance knowledge and understanding as a framework for considering responses to terrorism.
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Stout, Chris E., ed. Psychology of Terrorism. Praeger Publishing Group, Inc., 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216194118.
Full textAbstract:
Responding directly to 9/11, an outstanding interdisciplinary group of academics, clinicians, and activists from around the world united to produce this clear exploration of terrorism. Contributors, including Pulitzer Prize-winner Dr. John E. Mack, present an enormous range of terror-related factors in this important multivolume set. Following a foreword by Professor Klaus Schwab, president and founder of the World Economic Forum, chapters address terror and violence perpetrated by children, compare terrorists to cultists, and separate the fact, fiction, and hysteria surrounding bioterrorism. Other topics include: •Historical contexts •Group dynamics •Social and behavioral issues •Psychological and psychopathological issues •Evolutionary issues •Forensics Also presented are global perspectives on issues such as: •Understanding and empathy •Bias, prejudice, and racism •Hate •Sexism Additional subjects include state terrorism, countering international terrorism using perspectives from international psychology, and the role of resilience in terror's aftermath. Forged with a combination of talents and viewpoints rarely seen in the worlds of academia and activism, these volumes advance knowledge and understanding as a framework for considering responses to terrorism.
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Stout, Chris E., ed. Psychology of Terrorism. Praeger Publishing Group, Inc., 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216194095.
Full textAbstract:
Responding directly to 9/11, an outstanding interdisciplinary group of academics, clinicians, and activists from around the world united to produce this clear exploration of terrorism. Contributors, including Pulitzer Prize-winner Dr. John E. Mack, present an enormous range of terror-related factors in this important multivolume set. Following a foreword by Professor Klaus Schwab, president and founder of the World Economic Forum, chapters address terror and violence perpetrated by children, compare terrorists to cultists, and separate the fact, fiction, and hysteria surrounding bioterrorism. Other topics include: • Historical contexts • Group dynamics • Social and behavioral issues • Psychological and psychopathological issues • Evolutionary issues • Forensics Also presented are global perspectives on issues such as: •Understanding and empathy •Bias, prejudice, and racism •Hate •Sexism Additional subjects include state terrorism, countering international terrorism using perspectives from international psychology, and the role of resilience in terror's aftermath. Forged with a combination of talents and viewpoints rarely seen in the worlds of academia and activism, these volumes advance knowledge and understanding as a framework for considering responses to terrorism.
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Cloninger, Susan C., and Steven A. Leibo, eds. Understanding Angry Groups. Praeger, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216029304.
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This book examines the dynamics that lead to anger in individuals, within groups, and between groups; identifies the role of the media in angry group behavior; and offers solutions for dealing with angry groups and channeling that negative energy in positive ways. In today’s society, we see angry groups in many forms—from animal rights and climate crisis activists to citizens opposed to allowing more immigrants of certain ethnicities or religions into the country, militia groups frustrated by acts of domestic terrorism and legislation that limits gun ownership and the ability to carry weapons in public, and those outraged by what they see as police brutality or the unnecessary use of deadly force against people of color. More than just evidence of civil unrest in society, angry groups across history and nations often ultimately affect our politics and our government, for better or worse, and sometimes result in injury, bloodshed, or financial costs that hit otherwise-uninvolved taxpayers. This book demonstrates how people across our nation are involved in, affected by, or harmed by angry groups; covers historical and modern perspectives on angry groups; ands offers suggestions for predicting and influencing the expression of angry group behavior. It provides readers with an understanding of such conflicts and of their origins and dynamics that may offer insights to successful resolution, and it identifies strategies that can reduce the suffering that comes from such conflicts.
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Hayes, Andrew F., and Jörg Matthes. Self-censorship, the Spiral of Silence, and Contemporary Political Communication. Edited by Kate Kenski and Kathleen Hall Jamieson. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.013.31.
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This chapter introduces the tenets of spiral of silence theory as a theory of group dynamics as it relates to the interplay among the media, interpersonal talk, and political discussion. After reviewing some of the findings related to its key propositions, its applicability to modern political communication and mass media research is questioned and fine-tuned. An argument is made that future researchers should abandoned the quest for evidence whether public opinion expression is guided by perceptions of the opinion climate, especially using ad hoc measures that have not been validated. Rather attention should be directed toward examining the role of social pressures in motivating information seeking about the opinion climate and how individual differences such as fear of isolation, attitude certainty, and moral conviction can influence the effect of those perceptions on publicly-observable political behavior.
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Nitzan, Shmuel, and Jacob Paroush. Collective Decision-Making and Jury Theorems. Edited by Francesco Parisi. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199684267.013.035.
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Issues related to collective decision making and to Condorcet jury theorems have been studied and publicly discussed for over two hundred years. Recently, there is a burgeoning interest in the topic by academicians as well as practitioners in the fields of Law, Economics, Political Science, and Psychology. Typical questions are: What is the optimal size of a panel of decision makers such as a jury, a political committee, or a board of directors? Which decision rule to utilize? Who should be the members of the team, representatives or professionals? What is the effect of strategic behaviour, group dynamics, conflict of interests, free riding, social interactions, and personal interdependencies on the final collective decision? This article presents current thinking in the field, offers suggestions for further research, and alludes to possible future developments regarding public choice and collective decision making.
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Lomax, James W., and Nathan Carlin. Practical Implications of Personal Spirituality. Edited by John R. Peteet, Mary Lynn Dell, and Wai Lun Alan Fung. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190681968.003.0009.
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Mental health providers, as a group, tend to think of themselves as liberal and tolerant because they have a commitment to being nonjudgmental in clinical activities and actions. University professors also often think of themselves as liberal and tolerant, if for different reasons. Rarely do mental health providers and university professors think of themselves as fundamentalists. Indeed, both usually look askance at fundamentalism, especially religious fundamentalism. Yet this chapter suggests, following Adam Phillips, that everyone is a fundamentalist about something, about some key personal value or principle. The chapter provides some historical and cultural context for understanding fundamentalisms broadly. Focusing on transference and countertransference dynamics in clinical and educational settings, it argues that it is good to achieve self-awareness about those fundamentals in advance of provocative challenges in order to avoid unprofessional responses to patients and students and that various fundamentalisms can serve adaptive functions.
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Perliger, Arie. Terrorism Networks. Edited by Jennifer Nicoll Victor, Alexander H. Montgomery, and Mark Lubell. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190228217.013.28.
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A recent development in the field of terrorism studies is the growing understanding that analytical frameworks that focus on in-group social processes are highly effective in improving our understanding of the inner dynamics of terrorist groups. Many students of terrorism have begun to challenge some fundamental conventions regarding the way terrorist groups emerge and operate and the relations between members’ roles and profiles. Less attention has been given to the potential contribution of network science to understanding the relations between terrorist groups, as well as the factors shaping polities’ responses to terrorism. This chapter fills these gaps by explaining how network science can increase understanding of how terrorist groups compete, cooperate, and merge or split, as well as the dilemmas involved in responses to terrorism, which mostly involve coordination and cooperation on the international and national levels among various levels of government and agencies.
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Ali, Muna. Muslim America. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190664435.003.0002.
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This chapter gives a brief historical tour of Muslim America to provide a context for situating the younger generations of Muslims— the second and third generations of immigrants and of convert Muslims— in both intra-community and societal dynamics. It shows the ethno-racial and class diversity of this group, then provides a detailed profile of the participants in this ethnographic study. The two study areas—Chicagoland and Phoenix-valley—are also described in regard to their Muslim residents. This chapter argues that though immigrant and convert Muslim Americas are often presented as having parallel histories, theirs is a shared history in which they have coauthored each chapter, in spite of their divergent origins and internal tensions.
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Busi, Kimberly, and Kristin Berman. Integration and Dynamic Adaptation in the Formation of a Novel 2e School Model. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190645472.003.0020.
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Education for twice exceptional (2e) children has proven to be a dilemma for many institutions as these children bring many complexities requiring a diverse and integrated group of professionals working together. As 2e children grow in a setting that can address their need for self-regulation, executive functioning, support of learning differences, and advanced level academics, professionals must continually assess and adapt their practices. The Quad Preparatory School has developed a model that integrates best practices from the fields of psychology, speech pathology, occupational therapy, special education, and gifted pedagogy employing instruction in a one-on-one setting adding group work when children are ready. The model uses a curriculum framework providing a context for studies in all disciplines leading to project work initiated by the strengths and interests of the students. The model has been successful in its use of dynamic adaptation to personalize the educational experience of 2e children.
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Jaque Hidalgo, Javiera, and Miguel A. Valerio, eds. Indigenous and Black Confraternities in Colonial Latin America. Amsterdam University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9789048552351.
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Employing a transregional and interdisciplinary approach, this volume explores indigenous and black confraternities - or lay Catholic brotherhoods - founded in colonial Spanish America and Brazil between the sixteenth and eighteenth century. It presents a varied group of cases of religious confraternities founded by subaltern subjects, both in rural and urban spaces of colonial Latin America, to understand the dynamics and relations between the peripheral and central areas of colonial society, underlying the ways in which colonialized subjects navigated the colonial domain with forms of social organization and cultural and religious practices. The book analyzes indigenous and black confraternal cultural practices as forms of negotiation and resistance shaped by local devotional identities that also transgressed imperial religious and racial hierarchies. The analysis of these practices explores the intersections between ethnic identity and ritual devotion, as well as how the establishment of black and indigenous religious confraternities carried the potential to subvert colonial discourse.
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Seham, Amy. Performing Gender, Race, and Power in Improv Comedy. Edited by George E. Lewis and Benjamin Piekut. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195370935.013.27.
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As taught by Viola Spolin, Keith Johnstone, and others, improv is a mode of playing that depends on group consensus, through such concepts as “agreement” and “groupmind,” as a basis for the release of individual creativity and the freedom to bypass both internal and external censorship. Improv comedy on stage, however, most often reflects the white, male, heterosexual perspective of its dominant players. This article explores the “spontaneous” performances of gender and race in improv comedy in light of power dynamics that often silence difference and encourage shallow stereotypes. Using Judith Butler’s theories and other approaches, the chapter then discusses improv’s potential for deconstructing gender performance. Detailed analysis of the work of the all-female improv troupe, JANE, reveals the wealth and variety of characters that can be improvised when choices of gesture, voice, and body language are playfully recombined across conventions of gender and sexuality.
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Summers, Randal, ed. Social Psychology. Greenwood, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216015956.
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This book provides an introduction to social psychology that covers its history, theories, and core concepts. It explains intrapersonal (how others influence our views about ourselves) and interpersonal (how we think about and act toward other people) applications of this discipline in today's society. Human beings are social by nature. Because of this, the people around us have a profound impact on how we think about ourselves and others—from our sense of self esteem to our opinions and attitudes to our interactions in a group setting.Social Psychology: How Other People Influence Our Thoughts and Actionsdescribes these subtle but powerful effects in our daily lives, offering a complete and balanced view of the topic. Readers will discover the history of social psychology, grasp its theories and core concepts, learn about important issues and debates related to this topic, and see how these ideas are directly applicable to therapy and other real-world situations. Chapters cover how an individual's self-concept is developed and the various social forces on it, how a social psychology experiment may be conducted, and examples of social psychology in everyday life, such as group dynamics and cultural phenomena. Readers will also see how social psychology plays a role in our criminal justice system, including in the context of the prison system population; in the cultural issues associated with Latino and Native American populations; in our social collective concern about mass shootings, epidemics, and terrorism; and in the dynamics, processes, and tactics of a nationwide presidential election campaign seeking to influence the masses.
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Wagoner, Brady, ed. Handbook of Culture and Memory. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190230814.001.0001.
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This book is about the ways in which culture matters to memory. It explores how memory is deeply entwined with social relationships, stories in film and literature, group history, monuments, ritual practices, material artifacts, and a host of other cultural devices. Culture in this account is not a bounded group of people or variable to be manipulated but, rather, the medium through which people live and make meaning of their lives. The focus of analysis becomes one of understanding the mutual constitution of people’s memories and the social–cultural worlds to which they belong. An interdisciplinary team of leading scholars has been brought together in this volume to offer new theoretical models of memory as both a psychological and a social–cultural process. The following themes are explored: the concept of memory and its relation to evolution, neurology, culture, and history; the particular dynamics of different cultural contexts of remembering, such as families, commemorations, giving testimony, and struggling with difficult memories such as in therapy; life course changes in memory from its development in childhood, through its anticipatory function in emerging adulthood, to managing its decline in old age; and the national and transnational organization of collective memory and identity through narratives propagated in political discourse, the classroom, and media. This book is essential reading for anyone interested in the complex and interconnected relationship between culture, mind, and memory.
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Lanier, Douglas M. Hamlet. Edited by Michael Neill and David Schalkwyk. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198724193.013.35.
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Film adaptations of Hamlet have tended to fall into two broad categories, psychological character studies of Hamlet that emphasize Oedipal dynamics, and political readings that portray the prince as a rebellious crusader against various forms of systemic sociopolitical corruption. Of the former group, Laurence Olivier’s 1947 Hamlet has been particularly influential, casting a long shadow across film versions by John Gielgud (1964), Tony Richardson (1969), and Franco Zeffirelli (1990). Notable examples of political screen adaptations include the versions by Akira Kurosawa (The Bad Sleep Well, 1960), Gyorgi Kozintsev (1964), Kenneth Branagh (1996), and Michael Almereyda (2000). This article surveys the history and characteristics of these two styles of adapting Hamlet to the screen, focusing on how specific films have reshaped Shakespeare’s play to respond to specific historical and cultural contexts, to the demands of film as a medium, and to previous film adaptations of the tragedy.