Dissertations / Theses: 'Group 2 influenza A'

1

Venuta, Tina. "Influence of visit frequency in a group intervention for weight loss in obese persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0033/MQ55094.pdf.

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2

Liptrot, David. "Group 2 mediated dehydrocoupling." Thesis, University of Bath, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.633169.

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Whilst Group 2 elements continue to emerge from their obscurity, with a plethora of heterofunctionalisation thus described, such extensive investigations into cross metathesis, remain limited. Described herein is an extensive investigation into a variety of factors which contribute to the understanding of the complexity of the mechanistic surface upon which Group 2 mediated catalytic cross- and stoichiometric σ-bond-metatheses sit. An initial study into the synthetic potential of σ-bond metathesis yielded a range of unprecedented and structurally fascinating compounds- mixed metal amidoalkyls and amidohydrides of Groups 1 and 2. Subsequently, a pair of variables in Group 2 mediated dehydrocoupling was investigated: a) The effect of congeneric variation upon Group 2 (magnesium, calcium and strontium) mediated dehydrocoupling of amines and silanes, most notably indicating the significance of ancillary ligation, solution molecularity and precatalyst activation mechanisms. b) The effect of variation in hydridic coupling partner on the dehydrocoupling of a range of amines with 9-BBN, pinacol(borane) and diphenylsilane mediated by a β-diketiminate supported magnesium centre, most notably indicating the profound effect of coupling partner Lewis acidity and contingent variations in catalyst molecularity and rate determining step. Finally, an investigation into the introduction of unprecedented steps in Group 2 catalysis is reported herein. Specifically, the activity of the stable radical TEMPO is investigated for its propensity to induce single electron transfer upon labile, reactive ligands around magnesium and the ability for its anionic analogue to undergo σ-bond metathesis.

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3

Ahmed, Shabana Almas. "Bis(phosphinimino) derivatives for Group 2 and Group 13 metals." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434915.

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4

Unruangsri, Junjuda. "Group 2 ring-opening polymerisation catalysts." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9296a84f-2639-48e9-9ed6-68ee1a61859e.

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This Thesis describes the synthesis and characterisation of new Group 2 tetrahydroborate, alkoxide and organohydroborate complexes and their uses as catalysts for the living ROP and immortal ring-opening polymerisation (iROP) of ε- caprolactone and rac-lactide. Chapter One introduces cyclic esters and possible mechanistic pathways leading to polyesters by ROP. Living and immortal ROP, including their kinetic characteristics are discussed. An overview of ROP from an industrial perspective is also given. Chapter Two describes the synthesis and characterisation of a new series of Group 2 tetrahydroborate complexes supported by a 3-methyl, 5-tert-butyl tris(pyrazolyl)hydroborate ligand. Their activities towards the ROP of ε-caprolactone are presented. Detailed mechanistic studies using spectroscopic techniques are discussed and a new mechanism is proposed. Chapter Three describes the ROP of rac-lactide using the Group 2 tetrahydroborate complexes introduced in Chapter Two, including their mechanistic studies. Chapter Four introduces the new immortal ROP using trialkyl borate and organoborane derivatives as chain-transfer agents (CTAs). The immortal ROP of ε- caprolactone and rac-lactide using Group 2 initiators with trialkyl borates/organoboranes as CTAs from either in situ generation or external addition is discussed. Possible immortal ROP pathways using this new class of CTAs are illustrated. Chapter Five details the synthesis and characterisation of a new series of Group 2 organohydroborate complexes. The ε-caprolactone and rac-lactide ROP activity shown by the complexes presented is discussed and compared with those obtained from the corresponding tetrahydroborate analogues. Chapter Six contains experimental details and characterising data for the new complexes reported in this Thesis. CD Appendix contains .CIF files for all the new crystallographically-characterised complexes.

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Seblova, Dominika. "Influenza Vaccination in Persons With and Without Targeted Medical Conditions : A population-based study of the 2009/2010 influenza season in Stockholm County." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Centrum för forskning om ojämlikhet i hälsa (CHESS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-110736.

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6

Bezougli, Izoldi P. "Insertion reactions of Group 2 metal alkoxides." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.484172.

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7

Balmas, Elisa. "Group 2 innate lymphoid cells and reproduction." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/271310.

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Regulation of the immune system and of uterine tissue homeostasis, growth, and remodelling are deeply intertwined during pregnancy and are essential for successful reproduction. Recent findings showed that tissue-resident innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are crucial regulators of both physiology and pathology of the tissues they populate. Uterine natural killer (uNK) cells are a subtype of ILCs known to regulate trophoblast invasion, uterine vascular adaptation to pregnancy, and foetal growth. We recently described additional types of ILCs in the uterus of women and mice. However, the role of these ILCs during reproduction is unknown. Among them, group 2 ILCs (ILC2s) have been previously characterised in other tissues, in which they modulate immune cells and tissue homeostasis by producing type-2 cytokines and growth factors (i.e. IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and Amphiregulin). Based on these premises, I hypothesized that uterine ILC2s (uILC2s) regulate uterine immune homeostasis and thus contribute to successful reproduction. To test this, I first characterised the uILC subtypes present in humans and mice at various stages of the reproductive cycle. Secondly, I addressed the functional role of uILC2s during pregnancy by taking advantage of a uILC2 knockout mouse model. My results show that uterine ILC2s represent < 1% and < 0.1% of murine and human uterine leukocytes, respectively. However, as they can quickly produce large amounts of cytokines, uILCs are capable of potently affect both other immune cells and the surrounding tissue. Indeed, I found that compared to other tissue-resident ILC2s, uILC2s produce high levels of IL-5 and Areg even in the absence of any stimulation. On the contrary, non-uterine ILC2s mainly produce IL-13, which is lowly expressed by uILC2s. To further characterize the tissuespecific properties of uILC2s, I then performed RNAseq on uILC2s isolated from virgin, midgestation, and term murine uterus, and I compared their transcriptomes with those of ILC2s from lung, intestine, and bone marrow. Interestingly, uILC2s specifically express granzymes and genes typical of regulatory T cells. Therefore, uILC2s have tissue-specific properties and are modulated during pregnancy. Furthermore, the ability of uILC2s to produce IL-5 and Areg suggests that they may be crucial in the regulation of uterine type-2 immunity. I then studied the phenotype of $Rora^{flox/flox}Il7ra^{cre/wt}$(ILC2KO) mouse models, as well as that of mice lacking the ILC2 activating cytokine IL-33 ($IL33^{cit/cit}$; IL33KO). I examined the immune microenvironment in both the myometrium and decidua in ILC2KO mice and found alterations in type-2 cytokines and myeloid cell homeostasis. In particular, in absence of ILC2s, IL-4 and IL-5 are dramatically reduced, IL-13 is absent, and decidual inflammatory cytokines IL1β and IL-6 are increased. Furthermore, uterine dendritic cells (uDC), uterine macrophages (uMac), and uterine neutrophils (uN) increase, while uterine eosinophils (uEo) are virtually absent. These results show that uILC2s regulate uterine type-2 immunity, suggesting that uILC2s could be important during pregnancy. Accordingly, I found that lack of uILC2s leads to insufficient spiral artery remodelling and restricted foetal growth. Type-2 cytokines and in particular IL-4 regulates alternative activation of Macrophages (Mac) and Dendritic Cells (DCs), which promote the development of an anti-inflammatory environment and facilitate tissue remodelling. I hypothesised that similar mechanisms occur in the uterus and that uILC2s have a central role in the polarisation of the immune response. To explore this, I studied in more detail the characteristics of uEo, uMac, and uDCs dissected from wild type and ILC2KO mice. I found a reduction in genes associated with alternative activation in uMac and uDCs in the uterus of pregnant ILC2KO mice. Additionally, I showed that uEo are the main producers of the IL-4. This demonstrates that uILC2s promote alternative activation of myeloid cell population by modulating the uterine immune microenvironment. I then assessed the role of uILC2s-dependent type-2 immunity in inflammatory pathology following a type-1 response to bacterial infection. When challenged with LPS, pregnant ILC2KO mice showed more pronounced foetal demise. Therefore, uILC2s regulate uterine type-2 immune homeostasis and this prevents inflammatory pathology. Collectively, my work advances our knowledge of the innate immune mechanisms that control physiological and pathological events during pregnancy. These findings have implications to the field of immunology of pregnancy and may lead to clinical progress in diagnosis and prevention of infection-induced abortion in human pregnancies.

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8

Yaman, Gülşah. "Chemistry of a new trispyrazolylborate ligand with some group 1 group 2 ions." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1198505869.

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9

Yaman, Gülşah. "Chemistry of a new trispyrazolylborate ligand with some group 1 group 2 ions." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1198505869.

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10

Sjöstedt, Klas. "The 2+1 Lorentz Group and Its Representations." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Fysikum, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-183368.

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The Lorentz group is a symmetry group on Minkowski space, and as such is central to studying the geometry of this and related spaces. The group therefore shows up also from physical considerations, such as trying to formulate quantum physics in anti-de Sitter space. In this thesis, the Lorentz group in 2+1 dimensions and its representations are investigated, and comparisons are made to the analogous rotation group. Firstly, all unitary irreducible representations are found and classiﬁed. Then, those representations are realised as the square-integrable, analytic functions on the unit circle and the unit disk, which turn out to correspond to the projective lightcone and the hyperbolic plane, respectively. Also, a way to realise a particular class of representations on 1+1-dimensional anti-de Sitter space is shown.
Lorentzgruppen är en symmetrigrupp på Minkowski-rum, och är således central för att studera geometrin i detta och relaterade rum. Gruppen dyker också därför upp från fysikaliska frågeställningar, såsom att försöka formulera kvantfysik i anti-de Sitter-rum. Denna uppsats undersöker Lorentzgruppen i 2+1 dimensioner och dess representationer, och jämför med den analoga rotationsgruppen. Först konstrueras och klassiﬁceras alla unitära irreducibla representationer. Sedan realiseras dessa representationer som de analytiska funktioner på enhetscirkeln och enhetsskivan vars belopp i kvadrat är integrerbara. Det visar sig att denna cirkel respektive skiva svarar mot den projektiva ljuskonen respektive det hyperboliska planet. Dessutom visas att en särskild klass av representationer blir relevanta för att formulera kvantfysik i 1+1-dimensionellt anti-de Sitter-rum.

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11

Gardiner, Christopher James. "Quasiconformal maps on a 2-step Carnot group." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1498487423057279.

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12

Smith, Duncan Alexander Mathematics UNSW. "The Families with Period 1 of 2-groups of Coclass 3." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Mathematics, 2000. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/17792.

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The 2-groups of coclass 1 are widely known and James (in 1975) looked at the 2-groups of coclass 2. Development of the p-group generation algorithm implemented by O'Brien at ANU enabled group presentations to be provided for the 2-groups of coclass 3 by Newman and O'Brien for groups of order up to 223. Newman and O'Brien (in 1999) conjectured the number of descendants of 2n for all n. They introduced the concept of a family, with each family related to a different pro-p-group and the concept of a sporadic p-group, a p-group external to any family. They found 1782 sporadic 2-groups with order at most 214. The 70 families of 2-groups of coclass 3 can be further split according to their period, a measure of the repetitive structure of the families. Newman and O'Brien conjectured that these families had periods of 1, 2 or 4. This thesis examines the 2-groups of coclass 3 contained in families with period 1 and shows that the number of descendants conjectured by Newman and O'Brien is correct. Furthermore the presentation of all groups contained in period 1 families is provided and shown to be correct.

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13

Leclerc, Marc-Antoine. "Homogeneous Projective Varieties of Rank 2 Groups." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23558.

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Root systems are a fundamental concept in the theory of Lie algebra. In this thesis, we will use two different kind of graphs to represent the group generated by reflections acting on the elements of the root system. The root systems we are interested in are those of type A2, B2 and G2. After drawing the graphs, we will study the algebraic groups corresponding to those root systems. We will use three different techniques to give a geometric description of the homogeneous spaces G/P where G is the algebraic group corresponding to the root system and P is one of its parabolic subgroup. Finally, we will make a link between the graphs and the multiplication of basis elements in the Chow group CH(G/P).

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14

Delgado, Robert. "Density properties of Euler characteristic -2 surface group, PSL(2,R) character varieties." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/9099.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Mathematics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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15

Hert, Theresa Marie. "An efficient presentation of PGL(2,p)." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/690.

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16

McGuire, Kelly Lewis. "Governing Dynamics of Divalent Copper Binding by Influenza A Matrix Protein 2 His37 Imidazole." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8647.

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Influenza A is involved in hundreds of thousands of deaths globally every year resulting from viral infection-related complications. Previous efforts to subdue the virus by preventing proper function of wild-type (WT) neuraminidase (N), and M2 proteins using oseltamivir and amantadine (AMT) or rimantadine (RMT), respectively, exhibited success initially. Over time, these drugs began exhibiting mixed success as the virus developed drug resistance. M2 is a proton channel responsible for the acidification of the viral interior which facilitates release of the viral RNA into the host. M2 has a His37-tetrad that is the selective filter for protons. This protein has been demonstrated to be a feasible target for organic compounds. However, due to a mutation from serine to asparagine at residue 31 of M2, which is found in the majority of influenza strains circulating in humans, AMT and RMT block is insufficient. From simulations, it is unclear whether the insensitivity results from weak binding or incomplete block. The question of how the S31N mutation caused MT and RMT insensitivity in M2 is addressed here by analyzing the binding kinetics of AMT and RMT using the two-electrode voltage clamp electrophysiology method. The dissociation rate constant (k2) is dramatically increased compared to WT for both AMT and RMT, by 1500-fold and 17000-fold respectively. Testing of AMT at 10 mM demonstrates complete block, albeit weak, of the S31N M2 channel. At 10 mM, RMT does not reach complete block even though the binding site is saturated. When RMT is in the bound state, it is not blocking all the current, and is binding without block. These results motivated the development of novel M2 blockers using copper complexes focusing on the His37 complex in M2. I hypothesized that copper complexes would bind with the imidazole of a histidine in the His37 complex and prevent proton conductance. The His37 complex is highly conserved in the M2 channel and, therefore, would be important target for influenza therapeutics. By derivatizing the amines of known M2 blockers, AMT and cyclooctyalmine, to form the iminodiacetate or iminodiacetamide, we have synthesized Cu(II) containing complexes and characterized them by NMR, IR, MS, UVâ€“vis, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). The copper complexes, but not the copper-free ligands, demonstrated H37-specific blocking of M2 channel currents and low micromolar anti-viral efficacies in both Amt-sensitive and Amt-resistant IAV strains with, for the best case, nearly 10-fold less cytotoxicity than CuCl2. Isothermal titration calorimetry was used to obtain enthalpies that showed the copper complexes bind to one imidazole and curve fitting to the electrophysiology data provided rate constants for binding in the M2 channel. Computational chemistry was used to obtain binding geometries and energies of the copper complexes to the His37-tetrad. The results show that the copper complexes do bind with the His37 complex and prevent proton conductance and influenza infection.

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17

Österlund, Camilla. "Activation of lung epithelial cells by group 2 mite allergens." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Lungmedicin, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-51619.

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Throughout many parts of the world house dust mites (HDM) are considered as a major source of indoor aeroallergens and they are powerful inducers of allergic diseases. Proteolytic HDM allergens are recognised as being able to directly activate respiratory epithelial cells and thereby actively participate in innate immune responses. Although several major HDM allergens lack proteolytic activity, their possible ability to similarly interact with epithelial cells is not known. The overall aim of this thesis was therefore to elucidate if and how major non-proteolytic group 2 allergens from different mite species interact with respiratory epithelial cells. The effects of the structurally related Der p 2, Der f 2 and Eur m 2 from different HDM species as well as the storage mite allergen Lep d 2 were studied in vitro using human respiratory epithelial cells. Also the non-proteolytic, but structurally dissimilar, Fel d 1 from cat, Can f 2 from dog, Bet v 1 from birch and Phl p 5a from timothy were studied. In this thesis evidence that major group 2 mite allergens activate bronchial epithelial cells is presented. Following allergen exposure the secreted amount of the inflammatory mediators G-CSF, GM-CSF, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-3α and sICAM-1 was increased. Surface expression of ICAM-1 was also increased following allergen exposure. Moreover, Fel d 1 and Can f 2 induced secretion of the same mediators from bronchial epithelial cells, representing two additional protein structures being able to directly induce cell activation. In experiments using specific inhibitors and siRNA transfection, it was shown that the mite allergens engage TLR4 and activation through MyD88, MAPK and NF-κB signal transduction pathways. In conclusion, the novel findings in this thesis provide knowledge on how major aeroallergens, in addition to their ability to provoke specific adaptive immune responses, may aggravate a respiratory airway disease by adjuvant-like activation of inflammatory responses in bronchial epithelial cells. This differs from previously reported allergen-induction of epithelial cells by the clear independency of proteolytic activation.

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18

Shomura, Yasuhito. "Structural studies of group 2 chaperonin from hyperthermophilic archaea." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/149095.

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19

Shahangian, Arash. "Influenza-induced type I interferons sensitize hosts to secondary pneumococcal pneumonia." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1621828411&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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20

Eastridge, Samuel Vance. "First l^2-Cohomology Groups." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52952.

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We want to take a look at the first cohomology group H^1(G, l^2(G)), in particular when G is locally-finite. First, though, we discuss some results about the space H^1(G, C G) for G locally-finite, as well as the space H^1(G, l^2(G)) when G is finitely generated. We show that, although in the case when G is finitely generated the embedding of C G into l^2(G) induces an embedding of the cohomology groups H^1(G, C G) into H^1(G, l^2(G)), when G is countably-infinite locally-finite, the induced homomorphism is not an embedding. However, even though the induced homomorphism is not an embedding, we still have that H^1(G, l^2(G)) neq 0 when G is countably-infinite locally-finite. Finally, we give some sufficient conditions for H^1(G,l^2(G)) to be zero or non-zero.
Master of Science

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21

Sanders, Paul Anthony. "Some 2-groups and their automorphism groups." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329987.

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22

North, Evan I. "A Study on the Algebraic Structure of SL(2,p)." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1461266377.

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23

Wright, Carmen. "Some representation theory of the group Sl*(2,A) where A=M(2,O/p^2) and * equals transpose." Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3555.

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Let A be a ring with involution *. The group Sl*(2,A), defined by Pantoja and Soto-Andrade, is a noncommutative version of Sl(2,F) where F is a field. In the case of A being artinian, they determined when Sl*(2,A) admitted a Bruhat presentation, and with Gutiérrez, constructed a representation for Sl*(2,A) from its generators. In particular, if A=Mn(F) and * is transposition, then Sl*(2,A) = Sp(2n,F). In this paper, we are interested in the representation theory of G=Sp4(O/p2) where A=M2(O/p2) and O is a local ring with prime ideal p. It has a normal, abelian subgroup K, and by Clifford's theorem we can find distinct irreducible representations of G starting with one-dimensional representations of K. The outline of our strategy will be demonstrated in the example of finding irreducible representations of SL2,(O/p2).

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24

Taylor, Morgan James. "Chemistry of β-diketiminate Group 14 and Group 2 complexes and macrocyclic amines and amine ethers." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2012. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/39640/.

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Group 14 metal(II) alkyl complexes are very rare, with few examples being studied in great detail. To this end, a series of β-diketiminate lead(II) alkyl and aryl complexes, [{(2,6-iPr2C6H3)NC(CH3)}2CH]PbR (R = Me, iPr, sBu, Np, Bn, tBu and Ph) were synthesised and a number of computational studies were performed on them to increase the understanding of the nature of these compounds. Reactivity studies on both the lead, and the analogous tin systems, showed that they could be used as precursors to generate examples of very rare two-coordinate group 14 metal cation complexes, including the first example of a β-diketiminate two-coordinate lead(II) cation, and an analogous example of a rare low-coordinate tin(II) system. These were studied in detail by computational methods, including the stabilising effects of a coordinated solvent molecule on the metal centre. β-Diketiminate magnesium alkyl complexes were generated to investigate the +2 oxidation state metal environment without the presence of a stereochemically active lone pair, as present in the group 14 metal(II) complexes. A carbodiimide was successfully inserted into the magnesium-carbon bond, and novel magnesium phosphides were generated from the alkyl complexes. Solvent stabilisation effects on these phosphides were also studied by computational methods. A series of macrocyclic amines and amine ethers were synthesised to investigate the hydrolysis of a phosphate diester model RNA system by lead(II) salts, monitored by UV-visible kinetics. The reaction kinetics gave no reproducible results, but the syntheses of the macrocycles are presented in detail for further citation.

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25

Moreno, Debra Ann. "Design, synthesis, and characterization of monomeric group 2 element Bis(alkoxide) compounds ; Part II, Synthesis and characterization of some group 2 element imidophosphonate compounds." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30267.

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26

Kamuti, Ireri Nthiga. "Combinatorial formulas, invariants and structures associated with primitive permutation representations of PSL(2,q) and PGL(2,q)." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332660.

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27

Albertini, Alessandro. "Influenza dei parametri della Short-Time Fourier Transform nell’analisi di emissioni condotte nell’intervallo 2-150 kHz." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.

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Il lavoro di tesi si basa sull'implementazione di un algoritmo in LabVIEW per il calcolo della STFT su segnali in un intervallo di frequenze tra 2 e 150 kHz. Per questo intervallo di frequenza non esistono ancora norme che indichino come effettuare le misure e i limiti massimi di emissione per quanto riguarda la compatibilità elettromagnetica delle apparecchiature. Per testare l'algoritmo si è costruito l'andamento in frequenza di un segnale deducendolo d a uno spettro in frequenza noto, da questosi è poi calcolato l'andamento del segnale nel dominio del tempo attraverso una IDFT con software Matlab. Il segnale così generato è stato fatto replicare da un generatore di segnale arbitrario ed è stato poi acquisito attraverso un oscilloscopio comandato dall'algoritmo in LabVIEW. Una volta acquisito il segnale ne è stata calcolata la STFT, che calcola lo spettro in frequenza del segnale acquisito, attraverso la suddivisione del time record in finestre temporali più piccole e soprattutto ben definite (time segment). Sono state efffettuate numerose prove utilizzando 19 finestre diverse, su diversi time segment e diversi overlap. I campioni dello spettro, poi, sono stati trasferiti a Matlab, dove è stato implementato un terzo codice per il post-processing. Ovvero, sono stati costruiti dei box plot in funzione della finestra usata, del time segment e dell'overlap. Infine, sono stati messi a confronto i risultati ottenuti in funzione delle finestre utilizzate e dall'ampiezza temporale delle finestre, e mettendo in risalto i risultati ottenuti affetti o meno dallo short range leakage.

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28

Innes, Haley Morgan. "Classification of the Normal Subgroups of a Wreath Product 2-Group." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1523282047441424.

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29

Moissenet, Didier. "Bacille CDC GROUP IVc-2 : caractérisation, phylogénie, épidémiologie, sensibilité aux antibiotiques." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05N05S.

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CDC Group IVc-2 est un bacille à Gram négatif, aérobie strict, mobile grâce à une ciliature péritriche, oxydase et catalase positives et non fermentant. Connu depuis les années 80, il a d'abord été rapproché de Bordetella bronchiseptica puis parfaitement différencié biochimiquement de cette espèce en 1986 par Pickett (87). Sa position taxonomique longtemps indéterminée a été précisée en 1999 (74, 83, 116) et nous y avons contribué (74). Bactérie de l'environnement hydrique (7, 63, 82). .
Our study of CDC Group IVc-2 began in 1995 with the report of five bacteriema at Trousseau hospital (APHP). Genotyping with RAPD, used for the first time for this species, showed a single pattern. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis, applied to Trousseau isolates and other French isolates, was unsuccessful since DNA was degraded. These isolates remained undistinguished after genotyping with PCR-ribotyping, PCR-RFLP, IRS-PCR. Surprisingly, all the strains obtained from American (ATCC) and Belgian (LMG) collections were easily distinguished by RAPD. We contributed to the taxonomic study of CDC Group IVc-2 named Ralstonia paucula in. .

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30

Lupi, Damiano. "Primitive stability and Bowditch conditions for rank 2 free group representations." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/78992/.

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We introduce two different properties of representations of the free group of rank 2 into the group of hyperbolic isometries PSL(2,C): BQ conditions and primitive stability. We investigate relations between the sets of characters satisfying these conditions, and study certain slices of the character variety separately. The results we get are in line with the conjecture that these two sets actually coincide. We also show that in the diagonal slice of the character variety, namely the set of representations with associated trace triple (z, z, z), z E C, there exists a large class of primitive stable representations which are not discrete and faithful.

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Shirakawa, Seiji. "Synthetic Utility of Bowl-Shaped Tris (2, 6-diphenylbenzyl) silyl Group." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/147841.

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Bond, Nell G. "Understanding the Emergence of HIV-2 Group F, a Novel, Pathogenic HIV-2 Indigenous to Sierra Leone." Thesis, Tulane University, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3734417.

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Background: AIDS is caused by infection with pathogenic strains of HIV-1 or 2. HIV-2 is broken into 9 groups, A-I. Groups A and B are epidemic in West Africa while the remaining groups are individual cases and are not known to be pathogenic. HIV-2F is an exception being both pathogenic and found in 2 persons, suggesting transmissibility. HIV's origins have been widely studied, however, questions remain. The simian ancestry of HIV is well established yet exactly how SIV adapted to HIV in humans is still unknown. Several theories have been put forth to explain HIV emergence from SIV including the serial passage theory of HIV emergence. Here we conduct an HIV survey in northern Sierra Leone (SL) to assess the public health threat of HIV-2F and also model the serial passage theory of emergence both in vivo and in vitro to elucidate mechanisms of adaptation.

Materials and methods: For the human HIV study in northern SL, we enrolled persons presenting for a voluntarily HIV test following education and outreach activities and those referred for an HIV test. This is a targeted, higher risk population than the general population. Commercial HIV-1/2 rapid tests were used in the field. Proviral DNA was amplified with PCR methods and sequenced with Sanger methods. Parallel pigtailed (PTM) and rhesus macaque in vivo and in vitro models were used to test the serial passage theory of HIV emergence. Virus was detected with an HIV-2F specific qPCR and commercial SIV p27 Antigen ELISA. Illumina methods were used to deep sequence day 3 samples with peak virus loads. A SNP analysis was conducted to investigate virus variation over serial passage.

Results: To date we have found the prevalence of HIV in the targeted sample population to be 6.36%. HIV-2 rates in the targeted sample were 0.50%, HIV-1 was 4.81% and apparent co-infections were seen in 1.06% of those tested. Two HIV-1 samples have been sequenced and typed to CRF02_AG. Attempts to PCR amplify proviral DNA from HIV-2 antibody positives were negative, possibly due to low virus load. In vitro, over serial passage, peak virus load decreased to undetectable, the opposite of what was expected. In fact, the in vitro serial passage results exactly contradict what was observed in a parallel in vivo serial passage experiment. In vivo we saw an increase in PVL over serial passage in the PTMs and viral escape in passages 2 and 3. SNP analysis showed mutations over serial passage allowing the virus to adapt to a new host in vivo.

Conclusion: In this study we asked two main research questions. First, is HIV-2F a public health threat? This question remains unanswered due to our inability to sequence the HIV-2 samples collected in this study. However, the samples remain preserved for applying different techniques. We described HIV burden in a self-selected, at risk population in northern Sierra Leone providing the first HIV-2 data in 20 years. We also provided the first HIV-1 sequence data from Sierra Leoneans living in Sierra Leone, all previous data are from SL immigrants to Europe or the USA. The second question was, can the serial passage hypothesis of HIV emergence be modeled to elucidate the role of serial passage in HIV cross-species transmission, adaptation and diversity? We successfully showed that this can be done through the in vivo serial passage experiment in pigtailed macaques. Together the data from the field studies along with the in vivo and in vitro models presented in this thesis provide a better understanding of mechanisms of HIV emergence as well as much needed information about HIV distribution and genetic diversity in northern Sierra Leone.

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Elaish, Mohamed Salaheldin Ahmed Nassif Elaish. "Development of universal Influenza vaccine in chicken with insights on the extracellular domain of Matrix protein 2." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1471877010.

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Van, Dyk Jacobus Barend. "A detailed kinetic and mechanistic investigation of the multi-step oxidation of [PtIICl4]2- by [IrIVCl6]2- in acidic medium." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95481.

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35

Neuhaus, Peter. "On certain subgroups of E8(2) and their Brauer character tables." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/on-certain-subgroups-of-e82-and-their-brauer-character-tables(9f3cb977-5942-4729-b1a3-d741a3ef9e45).html.

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For the exceptional group of Lie type E8(2) a maximal subgroup is either one of a known set or it is almost simple. In this thesis we compile a complete list of almost simple groups that may have a maximal embedding in E8(2) and in many cases it is proved that such an embedding does not exist. For the groups L2(32) and L2(128) we go further and find all conjugacy classes of their embeddings in E8(2). Extensive use is made of the theory of Brauer characters and modular representation theory, and as such include Brauer character tables in characteristic 2 for many small rank simple groups. The work in this thesis relies heavily on the computer package Magma and includes a collection of useful procedures for computational group theory. The results presented are the author's contribution to the ongoing attempt to classify the maximal subgroups of E8(2).

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Richards, Claire Myfanwy. "The production and evaluation of equine/murine heterohybridomas that secrete monoclonal antibodies to influenza A equine 2 virus." Thesis, Open University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262653.

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Laisse, Cláudio João Mourão. "Detecção do vírus influenza A e circovírus suíno tipo 2 em suínos de abate, no sul de Moçambique." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/156916.

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Os vírus influenza A (VIA) e circovírus suíno tipo 2 (PCV2) são os agentes etiológicos da influenza suína (IS) e da circovirose suína (CS), respectivamente. Estas doenças têm um impacto econômico significativo na suinocultura mundial. Adicionalmente, o VIA pode ser transmitido entre animais e humanos, sendo por isso, importante para a saúde pública. O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de pesquisar a ocorrência desses vírus em suínos de abate no sul de Moçambique. As amostras foram coletadas em um abatedouro na cidade da Matola, nos períodos de dezembro de 2014 a fevereiro de 2015 e dezembro de 2015 a fevereiro de 2016. Os materiais e métodos aplicados e resultados obtidos estão apresentados em dois artigos científicos. O primeiro relata a infecção pelo VIA associada à caracterização anatomopatológica e imuno-histoquímica (IHQ) das lesões pulmonares. Foram avaliados 457 pulmões de suínos, e amostras de 38 (8.3%) pulmões, que apresentaram áreas de consolidação, foram coletadas e submetidas ao exame histopatológico e IHQ para a detecção de antígenos do VIA, PCV2 e Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Antígenos do VIA foram detectados em 32/38 (84.3%) dos pulmões com pneumonia através da IHQ, e os suínos positivos eram provenientes dos distritos de Matutuine (5/32), Moamba (2/32), Namaacha (21/32), Boane (3/32) e Cidade da Matola (1/32). Todos os pulmões com pneumonia foram negativos no exame de IHQ para PCV2 e M. hyopneumoniae. O segundo artigo teve o objetivo de detectar lesões histológicas, antígenos e DNA de PCV2 em linfonodos mesentéricos de suínos e realizar a caracterização filogenética de isolados de PCV2 circulantes no sul de Moçambique. Foram coletados aleatoriamente 111 linfonodos mesentéricos de suínos de abate provenientes de nove distritos do sul de Moçambique. As amostras foram submetidas ao exame histopatológico, IHQ e reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Uma amostra positiva para PCV2 na PCR de cada distrito (n=9) foi selecionada aleatoriamente e submetida ao sequenciamento da região aberta de leitura ORF2. DNA de PCV2 foi detectado em 53.8% (62/111) das amostras e em 73.8% de granjas dos nove distritos. No exame de IHQ, linfonodos mesentéricos de seis suínos positivos para PCV2 na PCR apresentaram antígenos desse vírus associados à depleção linfoide e infiltrado de histiócitos e células gigantes multinucleadas. Na análise filogenética, sequências dos isolados dos distritos de Namaacha, Moamba e Maputo ficaram agrupadas no genótipo PCV2d-2; as sequências de isolados dos distritos de Manhiça e Matola, no genótipo PCV2d-1; enquanto os isolados dos distritos de Boane, Matutuine, Chibuto e Xai-Xai, no genótipo PCV2b-1A/B. Os resultados do trabalho permitem concluir que o VIA e PCV2 circulam na população suína em vários distritos da região sul de Moçambique.
Influenza A virus (IAV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) are the etiological agents of swine influenza (SI) and porcine circovirus associated diseases (PCVAD) respectively. These diseases represent a significant economic impact on pig production worldwide. In addition, IAV can be transmitted between animals and humans with consequences for public health. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of these viruses in slaughter pigs in Southern Mozambique. Samples were collected in a slaughterhouse in Matola city, from December 2014 to February 2015 and December 2015 to February 2016. The materials and methods applied and the results obtained are presented in two manuscripts. The first article reports IAV infection in pigs and characterize the anatomopathological and immunohistochemical features of the associated lung lesions. Lungs from 457 slaughtered pigs were evaluated grossly, and samples from 38 (8.3%) of these that presented pulmonary consolidation were collected and examined for histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the presence of IAV, PCV2 and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae antigens. IAV antigens were detected in 32/38 (84.3%) of pneumonic lungs, and positive pigs were from Matutuine district (5/32), Moamba district (2/32), Namaacha district (21/32), Boane district (3/32) and Matola City (1/32). All lung samples were immunohistochemically negative for PCV2 and M. hyopneumoniae. The second article aimed to detect histological lesions, PCV2 antigens and DNA and perform phylogenetic analysis of PCV2 strains circulating in Southern Mozambique. At slaughter, mesenteric lymph nodes were collected from 111 randomly selected pigs from nine districts of Southern Mozambique. Samples were submitted to histopathological examination, IHC and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). One PCV2 PCR positive sample from each district (n=9) was randomly selected in order to obtain sequences covering the ORF2 region. PCV2 DNA was detected in 53.8% (62/111) of the samples and 73.8% of the farms from all nine districts. PCV2 antigen was detected by IHC in six lymph nodes that were positive for PCV2 by PCR and antigens were associated with lymphoid depletion and infiltrate of histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that three sequences from Maputo, Namaacha and Moamba were grouped with PCV2d-2, two sequences from Manhiça and Matola were grouped as PCV2d-1, and four sequences from Boane, Matutuine, Chibuto, and Xai-Xai were closely related to PCV2b-1A/B genotypes. The results of this study indicate that IAV and PCV2 circulate in the swine population in several districts of the southern region of Mozambique.

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Socionovo, Alessandro. "The cut locus of a C^2 surface in the Heisenberg group." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/18773/.

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My master thesis deals with some fine properties of the natural Carnot-Carathéodory distance in the Heisenberg group. In particular, we are interested in properties related to the cut locus of a smooth surface (for us, the term smooth indicates a second order differentiability). The cut locus of a closed subset S of the n-dimensional Euclidean space, denoted by cut(S), is the set containing the endpoints of maximal segments that minimize the distance to S. In the Euclidean case many properties of the cut locus are well known if S is the smooth boundary of an open set. For example the cut loci of such surfaces are closed (this is the fact we will be most interested in). Such results are still valid if the Euclidean metric is replaced with any smooth Riemannian metric. Not all the known properties of the cut locus in Riemannian geometry are also known to hold in the sub-Riemannian case. So our goal is to generalize and prove some of them in the Heisenberg group, which has the simplest sub-Riemannian structure. In particular we are very interested in proving that the cut loci of surfaces which are the smooth boundary of open sets in the Heisenberg group are closed sets. At the moment we are not able to give a proof of the closure of the cut locus. So we are looking for new properties of the Carnot distance which may be related with the cut locus of a smooth surface in the Heisenberg group and that may be useful to prove its closure. Precisely, we are investigating in points conjugate to the surface S, since they are strictly connected with the cut locus in the Riemannian case. Just about conjugate points, we will show some new small results at the end of this work.

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Parkin, Christopher James. "The structure and co-ordination chemistry of group 2 metal salicylate complexes." Thesis, University of Hull, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417162.

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40

Jaffal, Hussein, and Cheng Tao. "Multiple Attributes Group Decision Making by Type-2 Fuzzy Sets and Systems." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2659.

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We are living in a world full of uncertainty and ambiguity. We usually ask ourselves questions that we are uncertain about their answers. Is it going to rain tomorrow? What will be the exchange rate of euro next month? Why, where and how should I invest? Type-1 Fuzzy sets are characterized by the membership function whose value for a given element x is said to be the grade of membership having a value in the interval [0, 1]. In addition, type-1 fuzzy sets have limited capabilities to deal with uncertainty. In our thesis, we study another concept of a fuzzy description of uncertainty which is called Type-2 fuzzy sets. According to this concept, for any given element x, we can’t speak of an unambiguously specified value of the membership function. Moreover, Type-2 fuzzy sets constitute a powerful tool for handling uncertainty. The aim of our thesis is to examine the potential of the Type-2 fuzzy sets especially in decision making. So, we present basic definitions concerning Type-2 fuzzy sets, and operations on these sets are to be discussed too. Then, Type-2 fuzzy relations and methods of transformation of Type-2 fuzzy sets will be introduced. Also, the theory of Type-2 Fuzzy sets will serve for the construction of the fuzzy inference system. Finally, we utilize interval type-2 fuzzy sets in the application of Multiple Attributes Group Decision Making which is called TOPSIS.

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Shah, Riddhi. "Functional analysis of Group 2 chaperonins from archaeal species in E. coli." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4957/.

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The chaperonin proteins form a ubiquitous family of molecular chaperones and are absolutely required for correct folding or assembly of a subset of proteins in the cell. They are divided into two groups based on phylogeny: Group 1 found in bacteria and eukaryotic-organelles and Group 2 found in eukaryotic-cytoplasma and archaea. The two groups share a significant degree of conservation but differ in structure and mechanism and are believed to have evolved to serve specific client proteins. Using archaeal chaperonin from M. maripaludis (MmCCT) as a representative, we report here for the first time that a Group 2 chaperonin can partially replace the function of a Group 1 chaperonin from E. coli (GroEL). We have also identified and characterized two functional variants of MmCCT that show better GroEL complementation and have utilized them for a preliminary mutational analysis of potential client binding residues of MmCCT. We further demonstrate an initiative using a tagging approach for identification of bacterial proteins that interact with MmCCT in vivo. We suggest that our findings provide a novel platform for genetic dissection of MmCCT using a comparatively simple host, E. coli, which in turn can help identify properties of this archaeal chaperonin and provide insights for structure-function co-relations of Group 2 chaperonins in general.

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Naim, Nur Syibrah Muhamad. "A type-2 fuzzy logic approach for multi-criteria group decision making." Thesis, University of Essex, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.635990.

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Multi-Criteria Group Decision Making (MCGDM) is a decision tool which is able to find a unique agreement from a group of decision makers (DMs) by evaluating various conflicting criteria. However, the current multi-criteria decision making with a group of DMs (MCGDM) techniques do not effectively deal with the large number of possibilities that cause disagreement between different judgements and the variety of ideas and opinions among the decision makers which lead to high_uncertainty levels. There is a growing interest to investigate techniques to handle the faced uncertainties in many decision making applications. Studies in fuzzy decision making have grown rapidly in the utilisation of extended fuzzy set theories (i.e., Type-2 Fuzzy Sets, Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets, Hesitant Fuzzy Sets, Vague Sets, Interval-valued Fuzzy Sets; etc.) to evaluate the faced uncertainties.

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Aal, Owaif Hasan. "Regulation of transcription of the Escherichia coli Group 2 capsule gene clusters." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/regulation-of-transcription-of-the-escherichia-coli-group-2-capsule-gene-clusters(70a8508a-9b50-49bb-ba3f-418ab4b485e0).html.

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Capsular polysaccharides are expressed by many bacteria and in the case of pathogens are believed to act as essential virulence factors conferring resistance to host defenses. Escherichia coli strains that express Group 2 capsules are associated with a number of infections including urinary tract infections, and life-threatening infections such as neonatal meningitis and septicemia. The expression of Group 2 capsular polysaccharide is controlled by two temperature regulated promoters PR1 and PR3 that allow the transcription at 37°C but not at 20°C. The 5' untranslated regions of these promoters are involved in the regulation of transcription by interacting with global regulators. In this study, PR1-lacZ and PR3-lacZ transcriptional fusions and transposon mutagenesis was used to identify new regulators of Group 2 E. coli capsule expression. The cAMP-CRP complex was identified to be a new transcriptional regulator of E. coli Group 2 capsular polysaccharide expression. Deletion of cyaAor crp gene led to significant decrease in the transcriptional activity of PR1 and PR3. It was found that PR1 activity is affected by different carbon sources, glucose reduces the transcriptional activity of PR1, while the addition of glycerol increases PR1 activity. The results showed that the cAMP-CRP complex indirectly activates the transcription at PR1 while it directly upregulates the transcription from PR3 by binding to the CRP binding site at +240 bp relative to the transcription start site. Site-directed mutagenesis of the CRP binding site abolished the binding capability of CRP and led to significant decrease in the transcription from PR3. This regulation of transcription at both PR1 and PR3 promoters by the cAMP-CRP complex is growth phase dependent, the transcription from both promoters at mid-log phase is not affected by CRP but at late exponential or stationary phase CRP is required for maximal transcription from these promoters. In addition, this study demonstrated that the transcription from the promoter on the antisense strand of kpsF, occurring mainly at stationary phase, is not regulated by RpoS and does not regulate the transcription from PR1. In conclusion, this study identified a new regulator of E. coli Group 2 capsule gene expression and added more to the current model of the complex regulation of E. coli capsular polysaccharide expression. By understanding capsule expression, it is hoped to detect therapeutic targets in pathogenic E. coli to block capsular polysaccharide expression in the future.

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Byram, Katie. "Trauma-Informed Multi-Tiered Systems of Supports| A Tier 2 Group Intervention." Thesis, Saint Mary's College of California, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10825771.

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This master’s thesis proposed an integrative group counseling intervention utilizing trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT), attachment theory, and mindfulness for youth who have experienced Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs). The proposed group is intended as a Tier 2 support in a trauma-informed multi-tiered system of supports on a school campus; however, the group can be offered in mental health treatment settings. Synopses of the research described the symptomology of trauma, detailing the adverse consequences for youth who have experienced trauma, including the neurobiological impairments, mental health challenges, social limitations, maladaptive behavioral outcomes, harmful academic impact, and negative health outcomes. The literature review substantiated the probable benefits of the use each component of this integrative group counseling intervention to support youth with post-trauma difficulties. The integrative intervention is designed to reduce trauma symptomology, improve attachment patterns, and increase mindfulness in youth who have ACEs. Limitations, implications and recommended future research are discussed.

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Hyde, James Thomas. "Constructing 2-generated subgroups of the group of homeomorphisms of Cantor space." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11362.

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We study finite generation, 2-generation and simplicity of subgroups of H[sub]c, the group of homeomorphisms of Cantor space. In Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 we run through foundational concepts and notation. In Chapter 3 we study vigorous subgroups of H[sub]c. A subgroup G of H[sub]c is vigorous if for any non-empty clopen set A with proper non-empty clopen subsets B and C there exists g ∈ G with supp(g) ⊑ A and Bg ⊆ C. It is a corollary of the main theorem of Chapter 3 that all finitely generated simple vigorous subgroups of H[sub]c are in fact 2-generated. We show the family of finitely generated, simple, vigorous subgroups of H[sub]c is closed under several natural constructions. In Chapter 4 we use a generalised notion of word and the tight completion construction from [13] to construct a family of subgroups of H[sub]c which generalise Thompson's group V . We give necessary conditions for these groups to be finitely generated and simple. Of these we show which are vigorous. Finally we give some examples.

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Harrington, Carolyn D. "Critical friends group effects on teacher practice and collaboration /." View electronic thesis (PDF), 2009. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2009-2/harringtonc/carolynharrington.pdf.

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Mund, Jens. "Quantum field theory of particles with braid group statistics in 2+1 dimensions." [S.l. : s.n.], 1998. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/1999/7/index.html.

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Gold, Matthew Joshua. "Role of group 2 innate lymphoid cells and SHIP-1 in mucosal immunity." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/51891.

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Mucosal surfaces present an important barrier between the host and environment. Maintenance of barrier function requires intricate cross-talk between a diverse array of immune cells and the epithelia, acting synergistically to respond to harmful antigens and maintain tolerance to innocuous antigens. In this thesis I utilized an array of transgenic animals to explore the cellular and molecular mechanisms that initiate adaptive immune responses in the lung and gut mucosa. Recently, innate lymphoid cells have been characterized for their role in maintaining barrier immunity. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) colonize the lung and provide a rapid source of IL-5 and IL-13 in a T and B cell independent manner in response to protease antigens. Using ILC2-deficient mice, I examined the role of these cells in mucosal inflammation using mouse models of allergic asthma and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). ILC2s were critical in initiation of a Th2 response to locally, but not systemically delivered allergens and were completely dispensable for Th1 and Th17 dependent responses. The PI3K pathway plays an important role in regulating leukocyte activation, survival, migration and cytokine release. It is negatively regulated by the lipid phosphatase Ship1, and Ship1-/- mice develop a wide array of hematological disorders leading to a reduced lifespan. The severe phenotype associated with loss of Ship1 throughout the immune systems masks subtler roles it plays in specific leukocyte subsets. Using a conditional deletion approach, I examined the role of Ship1 in T cells, B cells and dendritic cells (DCs) in mouse models of allergic asthma and helminth infection. While loss of Ship1 in B cells did not influence susceptibility to a HDM model of allergic asthma, loss of Ship1 in either the T cells or DCs protected from disease development due to an immune skewing to a Th1 response. Additionally, loss of Ship1 in DCs rendered mice susceptible to infection with the intestinal helminth Trichuris muris, further highlighting this Th1 immune skewing.
Medicine, Faculty of
Medicine, Department of
Experimental Medicine, Division of
Graduate

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49

Sohrabi, Mahmood. "Groups elementary equivalent to a free 2-nilpotent group of arbitrary finite rank." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98801.

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In this thesis we discuss the characterization of groups elementary equivalent to a free 2-nilpotent group G of arbitrary finite rank. We find a characterization and verify it using two different lines of argument. The first one goes through using a construction very similar to the famous Mal'cev correspondence. This strategy is very much in the same spirit as the work of O. V. Belegradek on unitriangular groups. The second method, we call the method of bilinear mappings, is due to Alexei Miasnikov. A bilinear map fG is associated to the nilpotent group G. Then a commutative associative ring P(fG) is recovered via the bilinear mapping fG. This ring is the maximal ring relative to which fG remains bilinear. Under some reasonable conditions the ring P( fG) is absolutely interpretable in G. Then we use this construction to give a second proof for the characterization.

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50

Nikolaidis, Christos. "On binary linear codes with 2-transitive automorphism group and minimum weight four." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318832.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Group 2 influenza A'

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