Relevant bibliographies by topics / Group 2 influenza A

Academic literature on the topic 'Group 2 influenza A'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Group 2 influenza A"

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Friesen, R. H. E., P. S. Lee, E. J. M. Stoop, R. M. B. Hoffman, D. C. Ekiert, G. Bhabha, W. Yu, et al. "A common solution to group 2 influenza virus neutralization." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111, no. 1 (December 11, 2013): 445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1319058110.

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Joyce, M. Gordon, Adam K. Wheatley, Paul V. Thomas, Gwo-Yu Chuang, Cinque Soto, Robert T. Bailer, Aliaksandr Druz, et al. "Vaccine-Induced Antibodies that Neutralize Group 1 and Group 2 Influenza A Viruses." Cell 166, no. 3 (July 2016): 609–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.06.043.

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Ekiert, D. C., R. H. E. Friesen, G. Bhabha, T. Kwaks, M. Jongeneelen, W. Yu, C. Ophorst, et al. "A Highly Conserved Neutralizing Epitope on Group 2 Influenza A Viruses." Science 333, no. 6044 (July 7, 2011): 843–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1204839.

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Lahad, Amnon. "Small-group consensus process promoted influenza practice guidelines acceptance." ACP Journal Club 123, no. 2 (September 1, 1995): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/acpjc-1995-123-2-055.

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Du, Ruikun, Han Cheng, Qinghua Cui, Norton P. Peet, Irina N. Gaisina, and Lijun Rong. "Identification of a novel inhibitor targeting influenza A virus group 2 hemagglutinins." Antiviral Research 186 (February 2021): 105013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105013.

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Ende, Zachary S., Margarita Mishina, Robert Kauffman, Zhu Guo, Zhunan Li, Weiping Cao, Sean Ray, et al. "Expression and characterization of a monoclonal IgA isotype antibody against group 1 and group 2 influenza of the HV1-18 QxxV class." Journal of Immunology 204, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2020): 93.23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.93.23.

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Abstract Examining cross-reactive influenza-specific human monoclonal antibodies can inform the rational design of universal flu vaccines. The vast majority of monoclonal antibodies studied to-date are of the IgG isotype or cloned into IgG vectors for expression. However, IgA isotype antibodies are also of interest, especially given their increased concentrations in the respiratory tract where the influenza virus replicates. To acquire anti-influenza monoclonal antibodies that are of both IgG and IgA isotypes, we used a fluorescently labeled hemagglutinin (HA) for fluorescence-activated cell sorting on memory B cells 14 days post-influenza vaccination. We then sequenced paired heavy and light chains with the 10× Genomics platform and chose relevant sequences to synthesize for expression and characterization. An IgA1 antibody of the HV1-18 QxxV class demonstrated binding to both group 1 and group 2 HA subtypes in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Although Hemagglutinin inhibition assays were negative, neutralizing activity was positive in a microneutralization activity, at levels comparable to other published stalk-binding and neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, FI6v3 and CR9114. By testing the antibody against a panel of HA mutants, we found that the antibody bound to a region of the HA stalk previously reported for IgG1 antibodies of this class. Studies are on-going, but thus far demonstrate a broadly cross-reactive and neutralizing IgA antibody that recognizes the HA stalk of both group 1 and group 2 influenza viruses.
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Liu, Lu, Raffael Nachbagauer, Lingyan Zhu, Yang Huang, Xinci Xie, Shan Jin, Anli Zhang, et al. "Natural H7N9 infection in humans boosts cross-group stalk-specific antibody responses broadly cross-reactive to heterosubtypic influenza hemagglutinins from both group 1 and group 2." Journal of Immunology 198, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2017): 125.18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.125.18.

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Abstract Background The outbreak of novel avian H7N9 influenza virus infections in China in 2013 has demonstrated the continuing threat posed by zoonotic pathogens. To decipher the responses during natural infection will enlighten the vaccine development. Methods We assessed the induction of heterosubtypic cross-reactive antibodies induced by H7N9 infection against a large panel of recombinant hemagglutinins and neuraminidases by quantitative ELISA, and novel chimeric hemagglutinin constructs were employed to dissect the anti-stalk or head humoral response. Results H7N9 infection induced strong antibody responses against divergent H7 hemagglutinins. Interestingly, we also found the induction of antibodies against heterosubtypic hemagglutinins from both group 1 and group 2 and a boost in heterosubtypic neutralizing activity but not in hemagglutination inhibitory activity. Kinetic monitoring revealed that heterosubtypic binding/neutralizing antibody responses typically appeared and peaked earlier than intrasubtypic responses as stalk-specific memory responses. Conclusions Our results indicate cross-group binding and neutralizing antibody responses primarily targeting at stalk region could be elicited after influenza natural infection and probably with proper immunogen in the presence of preexisting responses. These data support our understanding of the breadth of the post-infection immune response that could inform the design of future, broadly protective influenza virus vaccines.
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Wu, Yan, Feng Gao, Jianxun Qi, Yuhai Bi, Lifeng Fu, Sankar Mohan, Yuhang Chen, et al. "Resistance to Mutant Group 2 Influenza Virus Neuraminidases of an Oseltamivir-Zanamivir Hybrid Inhibitor." Journal of Virology 90, no. 23 (September 21, 2016): 10693–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01703-16.

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ABSTRACTInfluenza virus neuraminidase (NA) drug resistance is one of the challenges to preparedness against epidemic and pandemic influenza virus infections. NA N1- and N2-containing influenza viruses are the primary cause of seasonal epidemics and past pandemics. The structural and functional basis underlying drug resistance of the influenza virus N1 NA is well characterized. Yet drug resistance of the N2 strain is not well understood. Here, we confirm that replacement of N2 E119 or I222 results in multidrug resistance, and when the replacements occur together, the sensitivity to NA inhibitors (NAI) is reduced severely. Using crystallographic studies, we showed that E119 replacement results in a loss of hydrogen bonding to oseltamivir and zanamivir, whereas I222 replacement results in a change in the hydrophobic environment that is critical for oseltamivir binding. Moreover, we found that MS-257, a zanamivir-oseltamivir hybrid inhibitor, is less susceptible to drug resistance. The binding mode of MS-257 shows that increased hydrogen bonding interactions between the inhibitor and NA active site anchor the inhibitor within the active site and allow adjustments in response to active-site modifications. Such stability is likely responsible for the observed reduced susceptibility to drug resistance. MS-257 serves as a next-generation anti-influenza virus drug candidate and serves also as a scaffold for further design of NAIs.IMPORTANCEOseltamivir and zanamivir are the two major antiviral drugs available for the treatment of influenza virus infections. However, multidrug-resistant viruses have emerged in clinical cases, which pose a challenge for the development of new drugs. N1 and N2 subtypes exist in the viruses which cause seasonal epidemics and past pandemics. Although N1 drug resistance is well characterized, the molecular mechanisms underlying N2 drug resistance are unknown. A previous report showed that an N2 E119V/I222L dual mutant conferred drug resistance to seasonal influenza virus. Here, we confirm that these substitutions result in multidrug resistance and dramatically reduced sensitivity to NAI. We further elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying N2 drug resistance by solving crystal structures of the N2 E119V and I222L mutants and the dual mutant. Most importantly, we found that a novel oseltamivir-zanamivir hybrid inhibitor, MS-257, remains more effective against drug-resistant N2 and is a promising candidate as a next-generation anti-influenza virus drug.
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Margine, I., F. Krammer, R. Hai, N. S. Heaton, G. S. Tan, S. A. Andrews, J. A. Runstadler, et al. "Hemagglutinin Stalk-Based Universal Vaccine Constructs Protect against Group 2 Influenza A Viruses." Journal of Virology 87, no. 19 (July 31, 2013): 10435–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01715-13.

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Corti, D., J. Voss, S. J. Gamblin, G. Codoni, A. Macagno, D. Jarrossay, S. G. Vachieri, et al. "A Neutralizing Antibody Selected from Plasma Cells That Binds to Group 1 and Group 2 Influenza A Hemagglutinins." Science 333, no. 6044 (July 28, 2011): 850–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1205669.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Group 2 influenza A"

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Venuta, Tina. "Influence of visit frequency in a group intervention for weight loss in obese persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0033/MQ55094.pdf.

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Liptrot, David. "Group 2 mediated dehydrocoupling." Thesis, University of Bath, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.633169.

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Whilst Group 2 elements continue to emerge from their obscurity, with a plethora of heterofunctionalisation thus described, such extensive investigations into cross metathesis, remain limited. Described herein is an extensive investigation into a variety of factors which contribute to the understanding of the complexity of the mechanistic surface upon which Group 2 mediated catalytic cross- and stoichiometric σ-bond-metatheses sit. An initial study into the synthetic potential of σ-bond metathesis yielded a range of unprecedented and structurally fascinating compounds- mixed metal amidoalkyls and amidohydrides of Groups 1 and 2. Subsequently, a pair of variables in Group 2 mediated dehydrocoupling was investigated: a) The effect of congeneric variation upon Group 2 (magnesium, calcium and strontium) mediated dehydrocoupling of amines and silanes, most notably indicating the significance of ancillary ligation, solution molecularity and precatalyst activation mechanisms. b) The effect of variation in hydridic coupling partner on the dehydrocoupling of a range of amines with 9-BBN, pinacol(borane) and diphenylsilane mediated by a β-diketiminate supported magnesium centre, most notably indicating the profound effect of coupling partner Lewis acidity and contingent variations in catalyst molecularity and rate determining step. Finally, an investigation into the introduction of unprecedented steps in Group 2 catalysis is reported herein. Specifically, the activity of the stable radical TEMPO is investigated for its propensity to induce single electron transfer upon labile, reactive ligands around magnesium and the ability for its anionic analogue to undergo σ-bond metathesis.
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Ahmed, Shabana Almas. "Bis(phosphinimino) derivatives for Group 2 and Group 13 metals." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434915.

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Unruangsri, Junjuda. "Group 2 ring-opening polymerisation catalysts." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9296a84f-2639-48e9-9ed6-68ee1a61859e.

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This Thesis describes the synthesis and characterisation of new Group 2 tetrahydroborate, alkoxide and organohydroborate complexes and their uses as catalysts for the living ROP and immortal ring-opening polymerisation (iROP) of ε- caprolactone and rac-lactide. Chapter One introduces cyclic esters and possible mechanistic pathways leading to polyesters by ROP. Living and immortal ROP, including their kinetic characteristics are discussed. An overview of ROP from an industrial perspective is also given. Chapter Two describes the synthesis and characterisation of a new series of Group 2 tetrahydroborate complexes supported by a 3-methyl, 5-tert-butyl tris(pyrazolyl)hydroborate ligand. Their activities towards the ROP of ε-caprolactone are presented. Detailed mechanistic studies using spectroscopic techniques are discussed and a new mechanism is proposed. Chapter Three describes the ROP of rac-lactide using the Group 2 tetrahydroborate complexes introduced in Chapter Two, including their mechanistic studies. Chapter Four introduces the new immortal ROP using trialkyl borate and organoborane derivatives as chain-transfer agents (CTAs). The immortal ROP of ε- caprolactone and rac-lactide using Group 2 initiators with trialkyl borates/organoboranes as CTAs from either in situ generation or external addition is discussed. Possible immortal ROP pathways using this new class of CTAs are illustrated. Chapter Five details the synthesis and characterisation of a new series of Group 2 organohydroborate complexes. The ε-caprolactone and rac-lactide ROP activity shown by the complexes presented is discussed and compared with those obtained from the corresponding tetrahydroborate analogues. Chapter Six contains experimental details and characterising data for the new complexes reported in this Thesis. CD Appendix contains .CIF files for all the new crystallographically-characterised complexes.
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Seblova, Dominika. "Influenza Vaccination in Persons With and Without Targeted Medical Conditions : A population-based study of the 2009/2010 influenza season in Stockholm County." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Centrum för forskning om ojämlikhet i hälsa (CHESS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-110736.

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Bezougli, Izoldi P. "Insertion reactions of Group 2 metal alkoxides." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.484172.

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Balmas, Elisa. "Group 2 innate lymphoid cells and reproduction." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/271310.

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Regulation of the immune system and of uterine tissue homeostasis, growth, and remodelling are deeply intertwined during pregnancy and are essential for successful reproduction. Recent findings showed that tissue-resident innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are crucial regulators of both physiology and pathology of the tissues they populate. Uterine natural killer (uNK) cells are a subtype of ILCs known to regulate trophoblast invasion, uterine vascular adaptation to pregnancy, and foetal growth. We recently described additional types of ILCs in the uterus of women and mice. However, the role of these ILCs during reproduction is unknown. Among them, group 2 ILCs (ILC2s) have been previously characterised in other tissues, in which they modulate immune cells and tissue homeostasis by producing type-2 cytokines and growth factors (i.e. IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and Amphiregulin). Based on these premises, I hypothesized that uterine ILC2s (uILC2s) regulate uterine immune homeostasis and thus contribute to successful reproduction. To test this, I first characterised the uILC subtypes present in humans and mice at various stages of the reproductive cycle. Secondly, I addressed the functional role of uILC2s during pregnancy by taking advantage of a uILC2 knockout mouse model. My results show that uterine ILC2s represent < 1% and < 0.1% of murine and human uterine leukocytes, respectively. However, as they can quickly produce large amounts of cytokines, uILCs are capable of potently affect both other immune cells and the surrounding tissue. Indeed, I found that compared to other tissue-resident ILC2s, uILC2s produce high levels of IL-5 and Areg even in the absence of any stimulation. On the contrary, non-uterine ILC2s mainly produce IL-13, which is lowly expressed by uILC2s. To further characterize the tissuespecific properties of uILC2s, I then performed RNAseq on uILC2s isolated from virgin, midgestation, and term murine uterus, and I compared their transcriptomes with those of ILC2s from lung, intestine, and bone marrow. Interestingly, uILC2s specifically express granzymes and genes typical of regulatory T cells. Therefore, uILC2s have tissue-specific properties and are modulated during pregnancy. Furthermore, the ability of uILC2s to produce IL-5 and Areg suggests that they may be crucial in the regulation of uterine type-2 immunity. I then studied the phenotype of $Rora^{flox/flox}Il7ra^{cre/wt}$(ILC2KO) mouse models, as well as that of mice lacking the ILC2 activating cytokine IL-33 ($IL33^{cit/cit}$; IL33KO). I examined the immune microenvironment in both the myometrium and decidua in ILC2KO mice and found alterations in type-2 cytokines and myeloid cell homeostasis. In particular, in absence of ILC2s, IL-4 and IL-5 are dramatically reduced, IL-13 is absent, and decidual inflammatory cytokines IL1β and IL-6 are increased. Furthermore, uterine dendritic cells (uDC), uterine macrophages (uMac), and uterine neutrophils (uN) increase, while uterine eosinophils (uEo) are virtually absent. These results show that uILC2s regulate uterine type-2 immunity, suggesting that uILC2s could be important during pregnancy. Accordingly, I found that lack of uILC2s leads to insufficient spiral artery remodelling and restricted foetal growth. Type-2 cytokines and in particular IL-4 regulates alternative activation of Macrophages (Mac) and Dendritic Cells (DCs), which promote the development of an anti-inflammatory environment and facilitate tissue remodelling. I hypothesised that similar mechanisms occur in the uterus and that uILC2s have a central role in the polarisation of the immune response. To explore this, I studied in more detail the characteristics of uEo, uMac, and uDCs dissected from wild type and ILC2KO mice. I found a reduction in genes associated with alternative activation in uMac and uDCs in the uterus of pregnant ILC2KO mice. Additionally, I showed that uEo are the main producers of the IL-4. This demonstrates that uILC2s promote alternative activation of myeloid cell population by modulating the uterine immune microenvironment. I then assessed the role of uILC2s-dependent type-2 immunity in inflammatory pathology following a type-1 response to bacterial infection. When challenged with LPS, pregnant ILC2KO mice showed more pronounced foetal demise. Therefore, uILC2s regulate uterine type-2 immune homeostasis and this prevents inflammatory pathology. Collectively, my work advances our knowledge of the innate immune mechanisms that control physiological and pathological events during pregnancy. These findings have implications to the field of immunology of pregnancy and may lead to clinical progress in diagnosis and prevention of infection-induced abortion in human pregnancies.
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Yaman, Gülşah. "Chemistry of a new trispyrazolylborate ligand with some group 1 group 2 ions." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1198505869.

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Yaman, Gülşah. "Chemistry of a new trispyrazolylborate ligand with some group 1 group 2 ions." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1198505869.

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Sjöstedt, Klas. "The 2+1 Lorentz Group and Its Representations." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Fysikum, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-183368.

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The Lorentz group is a symmetry group on Minkowski space, and as such is central to studying the geometry of this and related spaces. The group therefore shows up also from physical considerations, such as trying to formulate quantum physics in anti-de Sitter space. In this thesis, the Lorentz group in 2+1 dimensions and its representations are investigated, and comparisons are made to the analogous rotation group. Firstly, all unitary irreducible representations are found and classified. Then, those representations are realised as the square-integrable, analytic functions on the unit circle and the unit disk, which turn out to correspond to the projective lightcone and the hyperbolic plane, respectively. Also, a way to realise a particular class of representations on 1+1-dimensional anti-de Sitter space is shown.
Lorentzgruppen är en symmetrigrupp på Minkowski-rum, och är således central för att studera geometrin i detta och relaterade rum. Gruppen dyker också därför upp från fysikaliska frågeställningar, såsom att försöka formulera kvantfysik i anti-de Sitter-rum. Denna uppsats undersöker Lorentzgruppen i 2+1 dimensioner och dess representationer, och jämför med den analoga rotationsgruppen. Först konstrueras och klassificeras alla unitära irreducibla representationer. Sedan realiseras dessa representationer som de analytiska funktioner på enhetscirkeln och enhetsskivan vars belopp i kvadrat är integrerbara. Det visar sig att denna cirkel respektive skiva svarar mot den projektiva ljuskonen respektive det hyperboliska planet. Dessutom visas att en särskild klass av representationer blir relevanta för att formulera kvantfysik i 1+1-dimensionellt anti-de Sitter-rum.
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Books on the topic "Group 2 influenza A"

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Liptrot, David J. Group 2 Mediated Dehydrocoupling. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21036-0.

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(Group), Ultralab. Samaran 2. Blou: Monografik, 2006.

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Baack, Sharon. Adventure recreation 2. [Nashville, Tenn.]: Convention Press, 1994.

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C, Hannoun, ed. Options for the control of influenza II: Proceedings of the International Conference on Options for the Control of Influenza, Courchevel, 27 September-2 October, 1992. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1993.

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ASARO: A 2 años. Oaxaca, Mexico: ASARO, 2009.

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Cavert, Chris. Games (& other stuff) for group: Book 2. Oklahoma City, OK: Wood & Barnes Pub., 1998.

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Potts, G., and L. Shahriari. Virginia Woolf's Bloomsbury, Volume 2 Vol. 2: International Influence and Politics. Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.

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Heaney, Michael T., and James M. Strickland. A Network Approach to Interest Group Politics. Edited by Jennifer Nicoll Victor, Alexander H. Montgomery, and Mark Lubell. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190228217.013.17.

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Interest groups often serve as intermediaries or brokers between formal decision-making institutions and organized subgroups of society. Due to this positioning, key functions of interest groups can be understood in network terms. This chapter addresses five questions about interest groups to which network analysis offers answers: (1) What are the origins of interest groups?; (2) How do they develop, maintain, and change their identities over time?; (3) Under what conditions do groups work together, and how?; (4) How do interest groups relate to other political institutions?; and (5) What influence do they have on politics generally? The discussion highlights various effects of networks on interest group politics, including how new groups are born out of preexisting networks, how they use connections to access information and influence policy, and how they maintain long-term relationships with policymakers. Future research could benefit from greater attention to multiplexity, content analysis, and longitudinal network analysis.
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Jehn, Karen A., and Lindred L. Greer. Diversity as Disagreement: The Role of Group Conflict. Edited by Quinetta M. Roberson. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199736355.013.0010.

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Conflict is critical for determining diversity’s influence on group effectiveness. A considerable amount of work has amassed on the relationships between team diversity, conflict, and team outcomes. This chapter will briefly review recent findings and developments in this area. Three specific complexities needing future research will then be highlighted, with special attention to how diversity may promote not only conflict but also asymmetric experiences of conflict in teams. The three areas for future research are (1) the role of different conceptualizations and operationalizations of diversity in predicting the emergence and asymmetric experience of conflict in teams; (2) the impact of new and understudied forms of diversity, such as lifestyle diversity or power diversity, on conflict and conflict asymmetries; and (3) the role of the perception of diversity in activating the relationship between diversity and conflict asymmetries.
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Blastoff: Group 2. Benchmark Books (NY), 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Group 2 influenza A"

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Reynolds, Marcie L. "Gardner’s Influence—Rules of the Game (1970 to 1995)." In Interest Group Design, 26–58. New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. |: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429276583-2.

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Levine, John M., and R. Scott Tindale. "Social influence in groups." In APA handbook of personality and social psychology, Volume 2: Group processes., 3–34. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/14342-001.

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van der Winden, G. "2 Influenza." In Zakboek ziektebeelden Infectieziekten, 23–29. Houten: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-313-7546-2_2.

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Foels, Rob, and Felicia Pratto. "The hidden dynamics of discrimination: How ideologies organize power and influence intergroup relations." In APA handbook of personality and social psychology, Volume 2: Group processes., 341–69. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/14342-013.

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Evlashev, A. Yu, L. F. Meringova, G. F. Leonteva, T. A. Kramskaya, A. I. Dukhin, K. B. Grabovskaya, and A. A. Totolian. "Influenza A — Group B Streptococcal Mixed Infection." In Streptococci and the Host, 949–52. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1825-3_223.

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Tordo, P. "Phosphinylhydrazyls $${{R}_{2}}N\dot{N}P\left( 0 \right){{L}_{2}}.$$ Influence of the Phosphinyl Group on the 3-Electron NN π Bond." In Substituent Effects in Radical Chemistry, 191–94. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4758-0_13.

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Ben-Chaim, David, Yaffa Keret, and Bat-Sheva Ilany. "Group 2." In Ratio and Proportion, 95–123. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6091-784-4_9.

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Abbas, Syed Afsar. "Group Theory." In Group Theory in Particle, Nuclear, and Hadron Physics, 19–66. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, [2016] | ©2016: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315371702-2.

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Weik, Martin H. "Group 2 Facsimile." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 564. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_6725.

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McCaughan, Nano. "Continuing Themes in Social Group Work." In Group Work, 22–31. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003202097-2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Group 2 influenza A"

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MORENO, MARCELO. "SARS-COV-2 infection in a family nucleus resident in the city of João Pessoa/PB, Brazil." In I South Florida Congress of Development. CONGRESS PROCEEDINGS I South Florida Congress of Development - 2021, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47172/sfcdv2021-0011.

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The SARS-COV-2 virus was responsible for the Covid-19 pandemic, starting its first infections in Wuhan, China. The present work aims to analyze the clinical case of a family nucleus resident (resident) of the city of Joao Pessoa/PB - Brazil affected (affected) by Covid-19. The family consists of three people: a 23-year-old woman (Patient A), a one-year-old child (Patient B) and a 31-year-old man (Patient C). The systematized analysis of the report of symptoms over the days, diagnosis and medical (medical) diagnosis, interpretation of computed tomography (CT), in addition to performing bibliographic searches for the basis of the work, framing the symptoms of the patients according to the groups proposed by Sudre et al. (2020) for Covid-19. Patient A was in group 2 (similar to influenza, with fever) and presented pulmonary alterations on her CT. Patient B presented mild symptoms of the disease. Patient C, on the other hand, was included in group 3 (gastrointestinal symptoms) and did not present pulmonary alterations on his CT.
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Bezot, P., C. Hesse-Bezot, E. S. Yamaguchi, J. J. Harrison, and C. B. Campbell. "A Light Scattering Study of the Aggregation Kinetics of Carbon Black Suspensions in Group1 and Group 2 Base Oils. Influence of Dispersant Additives." In 2003 JSAE/SAE International Spring Fuels and Lubricants Meeting. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2003-01-1998.

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Bilò, Vittorio, Diodato Ferraioli, and Cosimo Vinci. "General Opinion Formation Games with Social Group Membership." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/13.

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Modeling how agents form their opinions is of paramount importance for designing marketing and electoral campaigns. In this work, we present a new framework for opinion formation which generalizes the well-known Friedkin-Johnsen model by incorporating three important features: (i) social group membership, that limits the amount of influence that people not belonging to the same group may lead on a given agent; (ii) both attraction among friends, and repulsion among enemies; (iii) different strengths of influence lead from different people on a given agent, even if the social relationships among them are the same. We show that, despite its generality, our model always admits a pure Nash equilibrium which, under opportune mild conditions, is even unique. Next, we analyze the performances of these equilibria with respect to a social objective function defined as a convex combination, parametrized by a value λ∈[0,1], of the costs yielded by the untruthfulness of the declared opinions and the total cost of social pressure. We prove bounds on both the price of anarchy and the price of stability which show that, for not-too-extreme values of λ, performance at equilibrium are very close to optimal ones. For instance, in several interesting scenarios, the prices of anarchy and stability are both equal to max{2λ,1-λ}/min{2λ,1-λ} which never exceeds 2 for λ∈[1/5,1/2].
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Al Khatib, Heba, Muna Al Maslamani, Peter Coyle, Sameer Pathan, Asmaa Al Thani, and Hadi Mohamad Yassine. "Molecular Characterization of Influenza Virus in Intestines and its Effect on Intestinal Microbiota." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0165.

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Background: Influenza predominantly causes respiratory diseases; however, gastrointestinal symptoms are not uncommonly reported, particularly among high-risk groups. Influenza virus RNA has been also detected in stools of patients infected with pandemic and seasonal influenza, however, the role and the clinical significance of intestinal infection has not been clearly demonstrated. Methods: Here, we used NGS technology to investigate molecular characterization of viral RNA shedding in feces of adults with active influenza infection. Paired nasal and fecal samples were collected from 295 patients showing to emergency department at Hamad Medical Corporation with flu-like symptoms during January 2018 and April 2019. Results: Among these, 90 nasal samples were positive for influenza, of which, 26 fecal samples were positive for influenza in real-time PCR and only five showed virus growth in both monolayer and 3D cell culture. Full genome sequencing of isolated viruses revealed some unique mutations that we are currently in the process of studying their effect on virus kinetics. Then, we investigated the potential impact of respiratory influenza infection on intestinal microbiota diversity and composition. Microbiome analysis results suggest that changes in gut microbiota composition in influenza-infected patients are significantly associated with (1) influenza virus type, and (2) the presence of viral RNA in intestines of infected patients. We also identified bacterial taxa for which relative abundance was significantly higher in the patients with severe respiratory symptoms. Conclusion: Altogether, our findings suggest that influenza viruses can affect intestinal environment either by direct intestinal infection or indirectly by modulating intestinal microbiota.
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Pietersz, R. N. I., D. de Korte, D. Roos, and H. W. Reesink. "CONTAMINATING LEUKOCYTES INFLUENCE THE STORAGE CONDITIONS OF PLATELET CONCENTRATES." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644592.

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Leukocyte poor platelet concentrates (PC), containing less than 10 leukocytes, prepared from buffycoats can be stored in normal PVC bags for 7 days at 22°C without deterioration of the pH. We assumed that a low number of leukocytes present in the PC, is a critical factor to maintain the pH. To test this hypothesis increasing amounts of leukocytes were added to four groups of three PC with comparable plasma volumes (mean 58.6 ± 0.8 (SD) ml) and platelet concentrations (1.01 ± 0.04×109 /ml). Group I had a leukocyte concentration of 0.14±0.048×106 /ml, group II 1.96±0.09×106 /ml, group III 5.53±0.98×106 /ml, and group IV 13.0±0.93×106 /ml. The PC were stored in normal PVC bags for 7 days at 22°C. Measurements in vitro were performed at day 0, 2, 5 and 7.The initial mean pH value was 7.12±0.02 (SD) for all PC and dropped to 6.89, 6.85, 6.77 and 6.61 for group I to IV respectively, at day 7. A significant correlation (Spearman rank test) between low pH values and high leukocytes was found. The same significant positive correlation was observed between high leukocyte concentrations and high glucose consumption and high lactate production and LDH release during storage.These results show that the amount of leukocytes in PC has a significant contribution to the detrimental effect on pH during platelet storage. It is therefore important to prepare PC with a leukocyte count lower than 10 . Moreover the risk of alloimmunisation against HLA antigens will be diminished.
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Lundy, Fiashriel, and Prima Soultoni Akbar. "The Effect of the Model of Eradication of Dengue Fever Vector Movement of Housewives Monitoring Larva in Efforts to Prevent Dengue Fever in Mojolangu Village, Lowokwaru District Malang." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.16.

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ABSTRACT Background: In recent years, the incidence and geographic distribution of dengue fever have greatly increased. Dengue fever is an acute viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes and is characterized by fever, headache, muscle and joint pain, skin rash, nausea and vomiting. The Mosquito Nest Eradication Program (PSN) through 3M Plus needs to be carried out continuously throughout the year, especially in the rainy season through the movement of housewife who monitor larvae. This study aimed to determine the effect of the dengue fever vector eradication model through the housewife movement of larva monitoring in the efforts of dengue fever prevention in Mojolangu Village, Malang City. Subjects and Method: This was a quasi-experiment using 2 treatment groups and 1 control group conducted at Mojolangu village, Lowokwaru district, Malang. A sample of 90 respondents divided into three groups was selected by purposive sampling. The dependent variable was DHF Prevention Efforts (Larva Monitoring). The independent variables were Dengue Fever Vector Eradication Model. The data were collected by questionnaire and observation. The data was analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis. Results: After being given treatment in group 1 (educated by health workers) and group 2 (trained cadres) the ability increased to be very good by 83% and 53%. In group 3 (control) his ability improved by 37%. Group 1 has the most effective influence in increasing knowledge and skills. Then group 2 with a significance value of <0.001 (p <0.005). Conclusion: Housewife are a resource in Family Empowerment and Intervention models. The eradication of dengue vectors needs regular monitoring and monitoring so that self-awareness and independence from the family can increase so that the degree of health can be achieved optimally. Keywords: Model, eradication, vector, dengue fever, larva Correspondence: Fiashriel Lundy. School of Health Polytechnics, Ministry of Health Malang. Jl. Besar Ijen No 77, Oro-oro Dowo, Klojen sub-distric, Malang, East Java. Email: fiashriellundy@yahoo.com. Mobile: 0811367446 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.16
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Speiser, W., W. Langer, A. Pschaick, E. Selmayr, B. Ibe, and P. E. Nowacki. "ACTIVATION OF FIBRINOLYSIS BY PHYSICAL EXERCISE IN HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS WITH DIFFERENT SPORTING ACTIVITIES AND IN PATIENTS AFTER MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643016.

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Regular vigorous sporting activities are known to stimulate blood fibrinolytic capacity estimated by the venous occlution test, and have been reported to have a prophylactic effect against the development of coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. In the present study, the influence of regular physical exercise on fibrinolysis was studied in healthy individuals and in patients after myocardial infarction taking part in a rehabilitation sports program. The activation of fibrinolysis after bicycle ergometry was investigated in 4 groups of subjects. Group A: 18 healthy male competitive athlets (23 ± 3.5 years of age, mean ± S.D.), Group B: 18 healthy male volunteers (25.7 ± 2.7 years) not engaged in any sporting activities, Group C: 17 healthy male volunteers (50.5 ± 7.7 years) regularly practicing sports, and Group D: 18 male patients after myocardial infarction (54.2 ± 7.9 years). Group A (13.9 ± 2.6 AU/ml, mean ± S.D.) and Group C (15.2 ± 2.9 AU/ml) revealed lower (p-4. 0.05) plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor capacities (PAI-cap) than Group B (18.5 ± 5.5 AU/ml) and Ml-patients (20.7 ± 5.5 AU/ml). All groups showed a significant increase in plasma tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) antigen levels during exercise (Group A: 8.4 ± 6.7 ng/ml; Group B: 7.1 ± 6.2 ng/ml; Group C: 4.9 ± 3.0 ng/ml; and Group D: 3.0 ± 2.9 nl). After exercise significantly higher tPA activities were measured in persons with low PAI-cap at rest (Group A: 5.5 ± 6.4 IU/ml; Group C: 2.9 ± 3.3 IU/ml), whereas Group B (1.1 ± 3.0 IU/ml) and Group D (0.2 ± 0.7 IU/ml) showed only weak activities. Fibrinogen and fibrin split products (D-dimer) levels did not change during exercise testing. The present study indicates that 1. regular vigorous physical exercise enhances blood fibrinolytic activity by reducing blood PAI-cap in healthy individuals, 2. rehabilitation sport is not capable of reducing blood PAI-cap in Ml-patients, and 3. the increased fibrinolytic capacity after physical exercise does not induce systemic fibrinolytic effects.
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Privat, Romain, Jean-Noe¨l Jaubert, and Michel Molie`re. "Ethanol and Distillate Blends—A Thermodynamic Approach to Miscibility Issues: Part 2—The Influence of Water." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-45896.

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In recent years, the quest for sustainable primary energies has increased the potential interest of biogenic/fossil fuels mixes. As an example, ethanol is used as a gasoline extender to both partly substitute hydrocarbons and increase octane number while improving vehicle emissions. In a previous paper (GT2010-22126), it has been shown that ethanol and gasoil are able to blend and form homogeneous solutions only in limited proportion ranges, due to their markedly different physical and chemical properties. However the incorporation of small amounts of water in ethanol dramatically decreases this already narrow miscibility domain. Indeed, in function of the temperature, such ternary mixtures often give rise to liquid-liquid equilibria i.e. to two separated phases that are respectively lipophilic and hydrophilic. A key parameter is thus the Minimum Miscibility Temperature, i.e. the temperature above which ethanol, water and gasoil become completely miscible. On another hand, commercial gasoils do not constitute a single product but display worldwide a large range of compositions that influence the stability of these ternary blends. In this context, an investigation program intended to characterize and predict the stability of ternary ethanol + water + gasoil blends has been carried out by the LRGP laboratory (Laboratoire Re´actions et Ge´nie des Proce´de´s). The approach is based on a thermodynamical, theoretical calculation of the liquid-liquid phase diagrams formed by ethanol, water and a mixture of various hydrocarbons representative of the diesel oil pool using the group-contribution concept. The basic idea is that whereas there are thousands of chemical compounds, the number of functional groups that constitute these compounds is much smaller. The work relies on the experimentally verified theory that a physical property of a fluid can be expressed as the sum of contributions made by molecule’s functional groups, which allows correlating the properties of a very large number of substances in terms of a much smaller number of parameters that represent the contributions of individual groups. This work shows the huge influence exerted by the water content of ethanol on the shape of the liquid-liquid phase diagram and on the value of the Minimum Miscibility Temperature (MMT). As seen in our previous paper, the paraffinic, aromatic or naphthenic character of the fossil fraction, also considerably influences the value of the MMT. Calculations were performed with a water content varying between 1 and 10%. This study concludes that the MMT expressed in kelvins is generally multiplied by two when the water content rises from 1 to 10%.
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Lisova, E. S., L. A. Shpagina, and L. A. Panacheva. "IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL FEATURES OF ENDOMETRIAL HYPERPLASIA IN PRE – AND POSTMENOPAUSAL CONDITIONS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL FACTORS." In The 16th «OCCUPATION and HEALTH» Russian National Congress with International Participation (OHRNC-2021). FSBSI “IRIOH”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-5-6042929-2-1-2021-1-317-320.

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Abstract. Objective: To study the frequency of endometrial hyperplasia in women with I-II degree obesity exposed to toxic-chemical factors, and to identify the most important immunohistochemical markers of the proliferative activity of endometrial cells. 60 women aged 45-65 years were examined, 30 of them worked in contact with a complex of toxic factors (the main group) and 30 – without them (the comparison group). The maximum single concentrations of toxicants exceeded the MPC by 2.1-5.4 times. The criterion of obesity was a BMI > 30.0. All underwent hysteroscopy and histological examination of scrapings. Immunohistochemical characteristics of the endometrial prescription apparatus were carried out by evaluating the proliferation marker Ki 67, estrogen (Eg) and progesterone receptors (Pr). Results. In all women, simple endometrial hyperplasia was most common, more often diagnosed in the main group in the presence of obesity and in the comparison group. The highest indicators of Ki 67 were found in workers of harmful production with complex and simple atypical endometrial hyperplasia in combination with obesity of I-II degree. Eg parameters were high in women of the main group with obesity, having complex atypical (71/48) and complex endometrial hyperplasia (66/30). Among the obese workers of the comparison group, high Eg values were found in simple and complex atypical hyperplasia (64/32 and 67/40, respectively). High values of Rg indicators in obese women who come into contact with chemical agents, who have complex (21/136) and simple atypical hyperplasia (26/124), as well as in obese workers of the comparison group and the presence of complex atypical hyperplasia (29/135). Conclusion. In women with endometrial hyperplasia, working
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Chervencova, Ludmila, and Zshivka Zsheliaskova-Koynova. "BENEFICIAL INFLUENCE OF PANEURHYTHMY ON THE AFFECTIVE BALANCE AND HAPPINESS." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS “APPLIED SPORTS SCIENCES”. Scientific Publishing House NSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/icass2022/96.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: Paneurhythmy is a unique Bulgarian and European recreational physical activity, appropriate for a proactive approach in maintaining and improving health. The aim of the present study is to find out if there are changes in the affective balance and the feeling of happiness with adults practicing Paneurhythmy. Method: The subjects (n=155) of the experimental study were adults (18-69 years old), divided into two groups: an experimental group (EG, n=77, mean age 41.7), participating in a course of Paneurhythmy, and a control group (CG, n=78, mean age 41.8). Paneurhythmy courses were held indoors in the evening during the autumn-winter season. The experimental group subjects conducted an average of 22 Paneurhythmy lessons (SD 7.23). The following questionnaires were used to measure the effect of the experiment: 1) Fordyce Emotions Questionnaire (FEQ) – Fordyce, 1988, Bulgarian adaptation by Zsheliaskova-Koynova & Ianovska (2008). 2) PANAS (Watson, Clark & Tellegen, 1988), Bulgarian version by Yordanova (2006). Results: Comparing the results of the EG and the CG, we found the following significant differences: higher positive emotions (t152=2.67, p=.008), lower negative emotions (t152=2.15, p=.033) and stronger feeling of happiness (t146=2.65, p=.009) with the EG after the Paneurhythmy training period. No changes were found in the CG for the same period. Conclusions: Paneurhythmy training significantly improved the affective balance and the feeling of happiness in adults who trained indoors during the autumn-winter season.
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Reports on the topic "Group 2 influenza A"

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Perk, Simon, Egbert Mundt, Alexander Panshin, Irit Davidson, Irina Shkoda, Ameera AlTori, and Maricarmen Garcia. Characterization and Control Strategies of Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus H9N2. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7697117.bard.

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The avian influenza virus, subtype H9N2 subtype, defined as having a low pathogenicity, causes extensive economical losses in commercial flocks, probably due to management and synergism with other pathogens. AIV H9N2 was first identified in Israel in the year 2000, and since then it became endemic and widespread in Israel. Control by vaccination of commercial flocks with an inactivated vaccine has been introduced since 2007. In face of the continuous H9N2 outbreaks, and the application of the vaccination policy, we aimed in the present study to provide a method of differentiating naturally infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA). The aim of the assay would be detect only antibodies created by a de-novo infection, since the inactivated vaccine virus is not reproducing, and might provide a simple tool for mass detection of novel infections of commercial flocks. To fulfill the overall aim, the project was designed to include four operational objectives: 1. Evaluation of the genetic evolution of AIV in Israel; 2. Assessment of the diagnostic value of an NS1 ELISA; 3. NS1 ELISA as evaluation criteria for measuring the efficacy of vaccination against H9N2 AIV; 4. Development of an AIV H9 subtype specific ELISA systems. Major conclusion and implications drawn from the project were: 1. A continuous genetic change occurred in the collection of H9N2 isolates, and new introductions were identified. It was shown thatthe differences between the HA proteins of viruses used for vaccine productionand local fieldisolatesincreasedin parallelwith the durationand intensity ofvaccine use, therefore, developing a differential assay for the vaccine and the wild type viruses was the project main aim. 2. To assess the diagnostic value of an NS1 ELISA we first performed experimental infection trials using representative viruses of all introductions, and used the sera and recombinant NS1 antigens of the same viruses in homologous and heterologous NS1 ELISA combination. The NS1 ELISA was evidently reactive in all combinations, and did not discriminate significantly between different groups. 3. However, several major drawbacks of the NS1 ELISA were recognized: a) The evaluation of the vaccination effect in challenged birds, showed that the level of the NS1 antibodies dropped due to the vaccination-dependent virus level drop; b) the applicability of the NS1-ELISA was verified on sera of commercial flocks and found to be unusable due to physico-chemical composition of the sera and the recombinant antigen, c) commercial sera showed non-reactivity that might be caused by many factors, including vaccination, uncertainty regarding the infection time, and possibly low antigen avidity, d) NS1 elevated antibody levels for less than 2 months in SPF chicks. Due to the above mentioned reasons we do not recommend the application of the DIVA NS1 ELISA assay for monitoring and differentiation AIV H9N2 naturally-infected from vaccinated commercial birds.
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Woods, Rachel, Alison Zhong, and Madelyn Vincent. Factors Associated with Influenza & Tdap Vaccine Uptake in Pregnant Patients at the UT Family Medicine Clinic in Memphis. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/com.lsp.2020.0003.

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INTRODUCTION: Given the increased risk for infections among pregnant patients and newborns, vaccination against influenza (>50,000,000 annual US cases affecting all ages) and pertussis (>15,000 annual US cases disproportionately affecting newborns) are recommended among pregnant patients in order to protect them and their babies via passive immunity to cover a newborn’s window of vaccine ineligibility. Though flu and Tdap vaccination rates among pregnant patients have been trending upwards nationally, there is still room for improvement to achieve optimal rates. OBJECTIVES: The primary objectives were to study factors that affect the vaccination rates at the University of Tennessee Family Medicine Clinic at Memphis (UTFMC-M), compare those rates with national pregnancy flu/Tdap vaccination rates, and to generate recommendations based off observed factors associated with vaccine uptake to improve flu/Tdap vaccination rates in UTFMC-M pregnant patients. METHODS: This was a retrospective chart review of UTFMC-M patients who were pregnant from September 1, 2019-April 24, 2020 (included 2019-2020 flu season) (n=465). Variables studied included demographic data (race, age, insurance), immunization history (vaccine status, history of physician encouragement), and prenatal history (parity, number of prenatal visits, trimester at first visit, high risk clinic (HRC) admittance status). Vaccination status was based on ACIP recommendations (Flu shot eligible = any gestational age; Tdap eligible = ≥27 weeks). Positive HRC admittance was noted for patients with ≥2 visits to the UTFMC-M HRC, a clinic that specializes in high risk pregnant patient care. RESULTS: The patient sample was predominantly black (84.3%) and insured by Medicaid programs (88%). Among eligible UTFMC-M pregnant patients, 50.1% were flu-vaccinated (n=465); 73.8% were Tdap-vaccinated (n=317); and 52.1% were Flu+Tdap-vaccinated (n=317). No significant associations were found between vaccine uptake and HRC status, parity, and age. However, statistically significant relationships were found between vaccine uptake and physician encouragement (positive relationship with flu shot: X2(1, N = 465) =131, p < 0.001, Tdap: X2 (6, N = 465) =476, p < 0.001), number of prenatal visits (flu shot group median 8 visits, Tdap group median 9 visits vs. unvaccinated group median 4 visits; p < 0.001), and early trimester age at first prenatal visit (X2(6, N = 465) =47.635 , p CONCLUSION: 2019-2020 UTFMC-M vaccination rates were on par with 2018-2019 US flu vaccine rates and higher than 2018-2019 US Tdap and Flu+Tdap rates. There were statistically significant relationships between vaccine uptake at UTFMC-M and physician encouragement, number of prenatal visits, and early trimester age at first prenatal visit but no significant relationships with UTFMC-M HRC admittance, parity, or age. Recommendations following from our observations to address further vaccine rate improvement include: continue vaccine encouragement, continue booking multiple visits (8 for flu, 9 for Tdap), prioritize Tdap vaccine higher for late trimester intake patients, and focus on flu vaccine encouragement and education.
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Lazdane, Gunta, Dace Rezeberga, Ieva Briedite, Elizabete Pumpure, Ieva Pitkevica, Darja Mihailova, and Marta Laura Gravina. Sexual and reproductive health in the time of COVID-19 in Latvia, qualitative research interviews and focus group discussions, 2020 (in Latvian). Rīga Stradiņš University, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25143/fk2/lxku5a.

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Qualitative research is focused on the influence of COVID-19 pandemic and restriction measures on sexual and reproductive health in Latvia. Results of the anonymous online survey (I-SHARE) of 1173 people living in Latvia age 18 and over were used as a background in finalization the interview and the focus group discussion protocols ensuring better understanding of the influencing factors. Protocols included 9 parts (0.Introduction. 1. COVID-19 general influence, 2. SRH, 3. Communication with health professionals, 4.Access to SRH services, 5.Communication with population incl. three target groups 5.1. Pregnant women, 5.2. People with suspected STIs, 5.3.Women, who require abortion, 6. HIV/COVID-19, 7. External support, 8. Conclusions and recommendations. Data include audiorecords in Latvian of: 1) 11 semi-structures interviews with policy makers including representatives from governmental and non-governmental organizations involved in sexual and reproductive health, information and health service provision. 2) 12 focus group discussions with pregnant women (1), women in postpartum period (3) and their partners (3), people living with HIV (1), health care providers involved in maternal health care and emergency health care for women (4) (2021-02-18) Subject: Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Keywords: Sexual and reproductive health, COVID-19, access to services, Latvia
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Brunsen, E. OS/2 User Group. RFC Editor, August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc1501.

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Fenner, W. Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2. RFC Editor, November 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc2236.

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Shijani, Seyed Mohammad Malakooti, Sina Neshat, Hossein Shayestehyekta, and Milad Gorgani. Lance-Adams syndrome; what we know now. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0025.

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Review question / Objective: 1. In Lance-Adams syndrome, what is the effect of current therapeutic management on improving patients' condition compared with the control group? 2. Are EEG, Brain CT, MRI, and brain SPECT more accurate in diagnosing Lance-Adams syndrome? 3. Does Early diagnosis and treatment influence the quality of life in patients with Lance-Adams syndrome? 4. Are patients with abnormal cortical discharge or cerebellum brain stem and thalamus cortical circuit or neurotransmitter imbalance at higher risk for/of Lance-Adams syndrome compared with patients without these symptoms? Condition being studied: LAS is a group of clinical symptoms; The primary manifestation is action myoclonus which can occur as generalized, focal, or multifocal repeated myoclonic motor movement myoclonus. In some patients, sensory stimuli can trigger myoclonus. Furthermore, negative myoclonus can impair posture and cause falls in the lower extremities.
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Weitz, Richard. Case Studies Working Group Report Volume 2. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada558988.

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Rencz, A. N. Working group 2 - Spatial data integration : remote sensing. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/222363.

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Perk, Shimon, Maricarmen Garcia, Alexander Panshin, Caroline Banet-Noach, Irina Gissin, Mark W. Jackwood, and David Stallknecht. Avian Influenza Virus H9N2: Characterization and Control Strategies. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7709882.bard.

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Control of Avian Influenza (AI) infection is a highly topical subject of major economicimportance for the worldwide poultry industry at the national level and for international trade.H9N2 viruses are endemic in poultry throughout Asia and the Middle East, causing major losses inproduction. Moreover, these viruses pose wider threats since they have been isolated from bothswine and humans. At the same time, study of the AI viruses affords an opportunity to explore anumber of problems of intriguing scientific interest. The overall goal of this project was to developa sound control strategy for avian influenza subtype H9N2 viruses (AI H9N2) in commercialpoultry in Israel. The one-year feasibility study focused on two main goals, namely: to study themolecular characteristics of AI H9N2 circulating during the last seven years in Israel and todevelop tools enabling differentiation between the immune response to vaccination and infectionwith H9N2.Genetic and phylogenetic characterization of 29 selected AI H9N2 isolates (2000-2006)was performed by complete sequencing of hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), and all sixinternal genes [nucleoprotein (NP), polymerase basic 1 (PB1), polymerase basic 2 (PB2),polymerase acid (PA), matrix (M), and nonstructural (NS) genes]; comparative phylogenetic andgenetic analyses of these sequences; and comparative genetic analyses of deduced amino acidsequences of the HA, NA, NS1, and NS2 proteins. The major conclusions of the molecularanalyses were: (1) Israeli isolates, together with other H9N2 viruses isolated in Middle Eastcountries, comprise a single regional sublineage related to the G1-lineage. In addition, Israeliisolates subdivided into three different subgroups. Genetic analysis of these viruses suggests thatthey underwent divergent evolution paths.
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Laughery, R., R. Archer, and G. Fontenelle. Manned Systems Group 1987-1991 Volume 2: Design Specification for (MPT)2. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada396930.

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