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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Groundwater – Pollution'

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Published: 4 June 2021
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1

Wilson, L. G. "Groundwater Pollution Monitoring Case Studies." Water Resources Research Center, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/305357.

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Investigators who were closely associated with five groundwater monitoring programs were asked to critically examine their studies as a guide to others involved in similar projects. The particular question to be answered was, "What monitoring techniques should have or could have been implemented?" given that time and money were not constraints. The case studies involved contamination of aquifers from oil field brine disposal, plating waste disposal, landfill leachate, nitrate from multiple sources, and recharge from an oxidation pond. Among the general recommendations of the investigators, resulting from the process of critical evaluation of their associated projects, were the following: establish interdisciplinary committees to set up the monitoring program; maximize the density of well network; use alternative methods to wells; completely analyze the samples, including heavy metals; thoroughly examine the hydrogeology of the problem site; use tracers; develop predictive computer models of the flow system; monitor in the zone of aeration, where applicable; develop innovative methodologies; and continue monitoring until the problem is thoroughly quantified.
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2

Bateman, Alison Sian. "Chlorofluorocarbons in groundwater." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285224.

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3

MacDougall, Kenneth Alasdair. "Groundwater contamination : a risk based approach." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366814.

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4

Wilkinson, Virginia Kate. "Groundwater pollution : myth and reality implications for rural subdivision." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Geography, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3791.

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The extensive groundwater beneath the Canterbury Plains is an important source of domestic water. In some areas the potability of groundwater is at risk from high bacteria and nitrate-nitrogen concentrations. A combination of human use on the land with associated development in a growing District such as the Waimakariri, and an unconfined aquifer has led to groundwater pollution. This pollution is a perceived potential hazard and threat to the health and safety of rural communities of North Canterbury. This thesis explores the groundwater resource at Mandeville, North Canterbury, and assesses the pollution potential. It also discusses the perceptions of the different interested parties involved with groundwater and its quality. Management options and decision-making as they relate to this perceived problem are also discussed. This thesis has recognised that if this water resource is intended for future use, untreated, then holistic management of the groundwater and land resources is necessary.
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5

Butler, Bridget. "Risk management of groundwater pollution : a knowledge-based approach." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1998. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7477.

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Risk assessment and risk management now underpin environmental protection in the UK. Risk assessment provides for a structured and systematic analysis of a problem, and is an objective tool to inform risk management decisions. In particular, risk assessment can assist in the prioritisation of management activities to direct resources more effectively to significant risks. However, the application of risk assessment remains ad hoc and often focused on quantified approaches. The problem of how to integrate the results of a risk assessment into decisionmaking processes remains. The objective of this research was to assess whether a knowledgebased approach could be usefully applied to risk management decisions associated with the protection of groundwater. The use of a knowledge-based system offers considerable potential to support regulatory decision-making relating to environmental risks. Such systems utilise expert knowledge to solve specific problems as an expert would but without requiring specialist or skilled users. This research describes the development of a prototype decision-support system to assist non-specialist regulatory personnel, in the prioritisation of risks and management activities relating to groundwater threats from hydrocarbon point-sources. The research focused on the knowledge acquisition process using semi-structured interviews, concept sorting and risk rating to identify the type of information required by the expert in their decision-making processes and also to distinguish any differences of approach between experts and 'non-experts'. A conceptual model was developed that represented expert decision-making and problem solving. This model was used to develop the prototype decision-support system which was subsequently evaluated by experts and users, resulting in system refinements. A positive response to the usability and utility of the system was received from both expert and user groups, suggesting a knowledge-based approach can be usefully applied to risk management decisions associated with the protection of groundwater.
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6

Trowsdale, Sam A. "The depth of penetration of contamination in urban groundwater." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269320.

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7

Micella, Ilaria. "Evaluating the risk of groundwater pollution through the combination of hazards and groundwater vulnerability maps." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21192/.

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The objective of the MSc thesis is to develop a systematic framework for groundwater pollution risk evaluation starting from the groundwater vulnerability maps of Wallonia developed through a GIS-based interface. The aim is rather to conduct a first assessment, that could trace the path for further application and be integrated in the existent Apsû methodology for vulnerability assessment. The first phase of the study consisted in undertaking a literature review on regional risk assessment procedures in the other countries and regions of the world, in order to identify the best approach to apply in Wallonia: the “European Approach” is selected. The probability that, following the occurrence of a hazardous event on the surface of the soil, the contamination could reach the water table and have a serious impact on the groundwater status is evaluated. To do so, data on potential pressures on soil is collected, to create an Hazard map. The risk assessment is carried out on a regional scale for groundwater body RWM040, combining the created Hazard Map, Intrinsic Vulnerability map and Consequences. The selected groundwater body has been subject of several studies, due to the peculiar features of the chalks aquifer (e.g. double porosity and dry valleys), that enhance the risk of groundwater pollution. Furthermore, the area, harshly affected by nitrates and pesticides pollution linked to the extensive agricultural practices, is a perfect site to test the strength of the developed method.
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8

Zubair, Arif. "Groundwater pollution and its environmental impact in Karachi region (Pakistan)." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284838.

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9

Lin, Yu-pin. "Multiple-point variance analysis for groundwater monitoring network design." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19511.

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10

Majumder, Santanu. "Pollution assessment of arsenic in groundwater: geochemistry and analytical aspects." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/125308.

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Apart from the geological controls that can cause As mobilization in groundwater in the Bengal Delta Plain, local anthropogenic factors may also contribute to some extent. Investigations showed that As(III) get enriched in the groundwater after the monsoonal season. This could be due to the enhanced reducing conditions in the aquifer post-monsoonal recharge. The larger inorganic colloids were responsible to scavenge As(III) and the smaller organic/organo-metallic colloids were found to scavenge As(V). A study was carried out to improve the Solar Oxidation and Removal of Arsenic (SORAS) for rural population, using tomatoes instead of lemons, showing that tomato was more efficient and cost-effective than lemon or lime. A novel technique combining hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME) with Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence (TXRF) for the determination and speciation of As in groundwater was developed. The results in the laboratory samples were found encouraging and applied to natural samples successfully
Además de los controles geológicos, los factores antropogénicos contribuyen también a la movilización de arsénico en el agua subterránea del Bengal Delta Plain. La concentración de As(III) aumenta después de la temporada del monzón, debido a las condiciones más reductoras en el acuífero. El As(III) se encuentra asociado a coloides inorgánicos de mayor tamaño mientras que los coloides orgánicos/organometálicos más pequeños contienen As(V). Se llevó a cabo un estudio para mejorar el proceso SORAS (Solar Oxidation and Removal of Arsenic) comparando diferentes fuentes de citrato, y demostrando que el tomate es más eficiente y económico que el limón o la lima. Se ha desarrollado un método novedoso para la determinación y especiación de As basado en microextracción en fase líquida en fibra hueca (HF-LPME) combinados con fluorescencia de rayos X con reflexión total (TXRF), y que ha sido aplicado con éxito en diferentes muestras de aguas naturales
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11

Okufarasin, Yinusa Ayodele. "A multi-phase model for the transport of pollutants in groundwater." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.291436.

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12

Baron, Dirk. "Iron-chromate precipitates in CR(VI)-contaminated soils : identification, solubility, and solid solution/aqueous solution reactions." Full text open access at:, 1996. http://content.ohsu.edu/u?/etd,217.

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13

McElwain, Robert Darrell. "Survival and recovery characteristics of Arcobacter butzleri in groundwater microcosms." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2002. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2586.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2002.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 71 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-70).
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14

Hartzog, Owen Kent Barnett Mark O. "Methods for scaling and comparing adsorption datasets." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SUMMER/Civil_Engineering/Thesis/Hartzog_Owen_36.pdf.

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15

Richardson, Grant Vincent. "Processes affecting the attenuation of leachate within the attenuation landfill environment." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322161.

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16

Hassan, Md Manzarul. "Arsenic toxicity in Bangladesh : health and social hazards." Thesis, Durham University, 2003. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1067/.

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17

Lancaster, Andrea Kirstin. "The application of stable isotopes in the assessment of landfill refuse-impacted groundwater." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327478.

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18

Brunsdon, Jennifer Lee. "The economic evaluation of the social costs of agricultural groundwater pollution." Thesis, Montana State University, 1989. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/1989/brunsdon/BrunsdonJ1989.pdf.

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There is overwhelming evidence that agricultural chemicals make a positive contribution to U.S. agricultural production. In order to determine the net benefit (cost) to society of agricultural chemicals, the social costs and benefits must be quantified and valued. One potential social cost of agricultural chemical use is the human health effects of chemically-contaminated groundwater. In this thesis a multidisciplinary framework, incorporating physical models and economic production models, is developed to value the health risks of polluted groundwater. This framework can also be used to determine the impacts of agricultural policy on groundwater quality. In the economic model, farmers jointly make input use, management and land use decisions. Land use decisions determine the environmental characteristics of the land in production. The farmer's economic production model is linked with an environmental damage model (such as a chemical fate and transport model) to determine the amount of groundwater pollution resulting from the use of agricultural chemicals on land with particular environmental characteristics. Toxicology and epidemiology studies are used to estimate the human health risks presented by groundwater contamination, and a contingent valuation method is used to place a value on those risks. The contingent valuation method uses survey techniques to elicit individuals' willingness to pay for a change in the level of groundwater contamination and the accompanying change in health risks. A case study is presented in order to evaluate the feasibility of linking the chemical fate and transport, economic, and human health models. Although the general physical models needed for this framework are currently available, most of these models are designed to be used by researchers within the respective discipline. Consequently, there are some important gaps in methods and data, including: (1) chemical fate and transport models that do not simulate chemical movement down to the groundwater zone, (2) lack of chemical-specific toxicity and epidemiologic data, and (3) lack of location-specific environmental data. This study illustrates the need for researchers to be aware of the implications and potential applications of their research, both within and outside their fields.
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19

Thomas, Abraham. "Modelling urban groundwater recharge and pollution using a geographic information system." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395330.

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20

Lee, Sanghoon. "The long-term weathering of pulverised fuel ash and its implications for groundwater pollution." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299821.

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21

Frey, Andreas. "Groundwater recharge and pesticide leaching in a Triassic sandstone aquifer in South-West England." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297614.

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22

Sumon, Mahmud Hossain. "Geochemistry of arsenic in Bengal Basin wetland sediments." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2011. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=168311.

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Over the last decades, arsenic (As) contamination of soil-plant-water systems has become a major concern for Bangladesh and West Bengal, India. The geochemistry of the sediment depositional environment which subsequently, on sediment burial, give rise to elevated As in Holocene groundwater’s of Southeast Asia, may provide clues to unravelling the mechanistic basis and spatial heterogeneity of this phenomenon. The Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem, Bangladesh, is a modern analogue, and indeed forms a continuum with, the Holocene sediments of concern and thus studying As cycling in surface Sundarbans sediments. Similarly, rice paddy fields in many regions of the Bengal Basin form a continuum with Holocene sediments. Sediment cores were collected from a wide range of locations within the Sundarbans to study surface spatial, as well as down the profile (~1 m), As distribution and it’s association with other geochemical parameters. Pore and surface water, and Diffusive Gradients in Thin films (DGT) were sampled from 4 different interlocked sub-habitats over 0.29 km2: major river bank, main tributary, forest floor and minor tributary. Further experiments were conducted to observe As dynamics in mangrove surface sediments on application of mangrove detritus. Finally 3 interlinked experiments (field manuring, soil batch culture, greenhouse growth trials) were conducted to assess the effect of farm-yard manure (FYM) and rice straw, at a field application rate practised in Bangladesh (5 t/ha), on As mobilization in soil and subsequent assimilation by rice. As concentration in mangrove sediment down the profile was found to be more associated with elevated Fe and Mn than with organic matter (OM), with significant spatial variations among the locations. Sediment particle size was an important factor determining As retention and mobilization, which is also true for deeper Bengal Bay sediments. Proximity to mangrove vegetation and to water bodies was found to have significant effect on As dynamics. Porewaters from coarse textured, low OM riverbank sediment were high in As, but with only a small pool of As for resupply from the solid phase, showing similarities with grey aquifer sediments compared to fine textured and high OM content forest floor sediments. The As column dynamics study showed that As release into porewater was strongly associated with Fe release, indicating the strong association of the 2 elements, with OM playing a major role in their dissolution. The desorption studies also showed OM driving As mobilization within short time. Due to strong redox cycling very little evidence of As methylation was observed in biologically active mangrove porewaters. But we found 10-fold increase in dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) production compared to a non-amended control using the same sediments treated with mangrove detritus in the laboratory. OM amendments lead to considerable mobilization of As into both soil porewaters and standing surface waters in rice paddy. In a greenhouse rice cultivation experiment, flooding initially caused greatly enhanced As mobilization in porewater (< 24 d), but the effects of flooding on As mobilization decreased during later rice growth, particularly at grain fill. However, OM amendment did not cause significant As accumulation in grain and straw compared to control. It was noted in field trials and greenhouse studies that OM fertilization greatly enhanced As mobility to surface waters, which may have major implications for fate of As in paddy agronomic ecosystems.
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23

Price, Rachel Mary. "Interactions of groundwater-borne radionuclides with geological sediments." Thesis, Northumbria University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359522.

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24

Guan, Jiabao. "Applications of genetic algorithms in groundwater quality management." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20491.

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25

Boy, Roura Mercè. "Nitrate groundwater pollution and aquifer vulnerability: the case of the Osona region." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/124042.

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Nitrate groundwater pollution in the Osona region is a persistent and widespread problem. Nitrate concentrations are commonly above the drinking water threshold of 50 mg/L in wells and springs. ANOVA and logistic regression analyses showed that nitrate concentration is more dependent on land use than on the geological setting of springs. Nitrate content presented stationary values in most of the springs over time, while discharge and electrical conductivity evolution depends on the geological setting and rainfall events. This is attributed to a homogenization of the subsurface processes that determine nitrate infiltration after decades of intensive fertilization. A multiple linear regression model to assess groundwater vulnerability determined that the factors that significantly influence nitrate pollution are: nitrogen load, aquifer type, presence of well-drained and deep soils, irrigation and occurrence of denitrification processes. Vulnerability maps for unconfined, leaky and confined aquifers were developed and can be used for improving groundwater resources management
La contaminació per nitrats de les aigües subterrànies a Osona és un problema persistent i generalitzat, amb concentracions superiors a 50 mg/L. Les anàlisis ANOVA i regressió logística mostren que la concentració de nitrats és més dependent dels usos del sòl que del context geològic de les fonts. El contingut de nitrats es manté estacionari en la majoria de les fonts al llarg del temps, mentre que l’evolució del cabal i la conductivitat elèctrica depenen del context geològic i la precipitació. Aquesta uniformitat s’atribueix a una homogeneïtzació dels processos que tenen lloc al subsòl i que determinen la infiltració de nitrats. Un model de regressió lineal múltiple per avaluar la vulnerabilitat de les aigües subterrànies ha determinat que els factors que influeixen significativament a la contaminació per nitrats són: la càrrega de nitrogen, el tipus d'aqüífer, la presència de sòls ben drenats i profunds, la irrigació i l’existència de processos de desnitrificació. Els mapes de vulnerabilitat desenvolupats per aqüífers lliures, semi-confinats i confinats són útils per millorar la gestió de les aigües subterrànies
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26

Ford, Marcus. "Extent, type and sources of inorganic groundwater pollution below the Birmingham Conurbation." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491152.

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27

Thomas, Abraham. "A geographic information system methodology for modelling urban groundwater recharge and pollution." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248814.

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28

Nguyen, Xuan Huan, Thi Tham Nguyen, and Quang Minh Luu. "Modification of natural zeolite by salt to treat ammonia pollution in groundwater." Technische Universität Dresden, 2018. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A33299.

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Treating ammonium pollution in ground water by natural zeolite after being modificated to the Naform (Z-Na) is the new way of research that scientists interested in. The experiment results showed that, at pH 6, the efficient of treating ammonium in ground water is the highest. The efficient of treating increase rapidly in the first 5 minutes and remain stable after that. Higher concentration of the Z-Na will increase the treating coefficient of the process. With a water sample that has CNNH4+= 27 mg/L at first, using CZ-Na=13g/L and after 5 minutes, the concentration of ammonium in water was declined to 1mg/L, passed the Vietnamese standard for ground water (QCVN 09:2015- MT/BTNMT). The treating coefficient is 96.30%, the adsorption capacity is 2.07 mg N-NH4 +/1g ZNa. The loaded Z-Na was regenerated using 2g/L NaOH solution, the ammonium recovery ratio exceeded 92%. This means the reuse of Z-Na for ammonium adsorption is very high. The results of the experiment with groundwater samples in Phu Xuyen district, Ha Noi have a concentration of 53 mg/L. In conclusion, Z-Na material is perfectly fit for purpose of treating ammonium in ground water because of it low price, safety, easily to imitate and high efficiency.
Xử lí ô nhiễm amoni trong nước ngầm bằng vật liệu zeolite tự nhiên được biến tính bằng muối ăn (Z-Na) là một hướng nghiên cứu mới, được các nhà khoa học rất quan tâm. Kết quả thí nghiệm cho thấy, tại pH 6 thì hiệu quả xử lí amoni trong nước là tốt nhất. Hiệu quả xử lí amoni trong nước tăng rất nhanh trong 5 phút đầu tiên xử lý. Càng tăng nồng độ Z-Na thì hiệu quả xử lí amoni càng cao. Với dung dịch nước ban đầu có nồng độ amoni tính theo nitơ (N-NH4 +) nhỏ hơn 27 mg/L và nồng độ vật liệu Z-Na sử dụng là 13g/L thì nước sau xử lí có nồng độ nhỏ hơn 1mg N-NH4 +/L, đạt QCVN 09-MT:2015/BTNMT, hiệu suất xử lí đạt 96,30%, dung lượng hấp phụ cực đại đạt 2,07 mg NNH4 +/1g Z-Na. Vật liệu Z-Na sau khi xử lý được nghiên cứu giải hấp bằng dung dịch NaOH với nồng độ 2g/L cho thấy hiệu quả giải hấp đạt 92% lượng amoni được hấp phụ. Điều này chứng tỏ khả năng tái sử dụng của vật liệu Z-Na cho hấp phụ amoni là khá cao. Kết quả nghiên cứu đã được thử nghiệm xử lý với mẫu nước ngầm tại huyện Phú Xuyên, Hà Nội có nồng độ N-NH4 + là 53 mg/L. Vì vậy, vật liệu Z-Na hoàn toàn có thể ứng dụng vào thực tiễn để xử lý amoni trong nước ngầm rất an toàn, dễ thực hiện và hiệu quả cao.
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Zeru, Allelign. "Numerical investigations on the inversion of pumped concentrations for groundwater pollution quantification." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2004/ZERU_Allelign_2004.pdf.

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30

Weemees, Ilmar Andrew. "Development of an electrical resistivity cone for groundwater contamination studies." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28730.

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The evaluation of groundwater quality has become increasingly important as more industrial waste and solid domestic refuse comes into contact with groundwater. Often the quantity and extent of contamination is determined by direct sampling of the groundwater and soil. An alternative method of detecting contaminated groundwater is by noting the electrical resistivity of the contaminated soil. The feasibility of logging resistivity while conducting cone penetrometer testing has been investigated in this research. To this end a two stage program was devised, consisting of lab testing and then field tests of a working tool. Lab testing was carried out using a prototype probe designed to evaluate the feasibility of the project. The lab testing consisted of determining the resistivity of a number of different soil, electrolyte, and organic contaminant mixtures while varying the configuration of the probe. On the basis of lab testing the necessary requirements for the module dimensions and electronics were chosen and were fine tuned by field tests. The module itself consists of an insulated four electrode array and is mounted behind a standard 15 sq cm piezo-cone (CPTU). Upon completion of the development phase the instrument was tested at four different sites. From field testing it was determined that the resistivity cone (RCPTU) was able to accurately map changes in groundwater chemistry on the basis of resistivity measurements. The results of the resistivity testing were verified by groundwater sampling. It was also found that changes in lithological properties, as determined by the cone penetration test (CPT), could influence the resistivity. Basic guidelines for the use of the RCPTU in contaminant investigations are presented.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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31

Bacon, Charles Guy David. "Surface complexation of Pb and Zn onto birnessite (δ-MnO₂) : soils and groundwater controls on pollution in soils and groundwater." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.687595.

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A molecular-level understanding of the surface complexation reactions between ecotoxic heavy metals and mineral surfaces is essential for determining their environmental fate. Many studies have investigated the surface complexes of elements on different mineral surfaces, but few studies have performed surface complexation modelling to determine the specific equilibrium constants for these complexes. To the best of our knowledge, no study has applied appropriate equilibrium constant data from surface complexation modelling for determining the stability and bioaccessibility of ecotoxic elements at actual sites of concern. This is the goal of this study. Chapter 1 is a review of the scale of metal contamination in the UK, the sources and the common methods of environmental impact assessment. This Chapter describes how surface complexation models can provide the most accurate means of modelling metal partitioning onto environmentally relevant mineral surfaces. Chapters 2 and 3 are surface complexation modelling studies of Pb and Zn respectively, onto the highly reactive and environmentally ubiquitous Mn oxide mineral phase, birnessite (o-Mn02). Chapter 4 is a geochemical survey of the River Axe Valley in Somerset, England. This area has been identified as having a high risk of contamination from mining, but has not received the same depth of investigation compared to other areas in the UK. This Chapter provides background information on this area, and investigates the mineralogy of the mine site soils, the caves through which the surface waters drain and the River Axe floodplain. The surface complexation models derived in Chapters 2 and 3 are successfully applied to model the partitioning of Pb and Zn in this setting, and assist in understanding the possible risk from the mine-derived metal-bearing sediment. Chapter 5 is a summary of the information required for the successful application of surface complexation models for site investigations in general, and gives an appraisal of their uses in future studies.
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32

Golembeski, Robert C. "Agricultural practices and nitrate pollution in ground water in the Central Valley of Chile /." Electronic version (PDF), 2004. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2004/golembeskir/robertgolembeski.pdf.

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33

Ott, Cindy Lee. "Groundwater and surface water contamination by fire retardants at Abbotsford Airport." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24893.

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The impact of fire retardant waste on the aquatic environment was investigated at Abbotsford Airport located in the Lower Fraser Valley, in Southwestern British Columbia. The cleaning of fire fighting aircraft results in significant quantities of fire retardant waste being washed into the airport drainage system with subsequent transport to a drainage ditch located in the southwest corner of the Airport Chemical components of the fire retardant likely to be of environmental concern were identified as ammonia, phosphate, and a corrosion inhibitor. Glacial and outwash deposits consisting of sands and gravels comprise the surficial geology of the study area. Hence, the fire retardant waste would have the potential to impact both surface water and groundwater resources. Therefore there was concern due to the extensive use of groundwater in the local area for both drinking and irrigational purposes. The major components of the research design were 1) assessment of the spatial and temporal distribution of fire retardant introduced into the aquatic environment, and 2) overall impact of fire retardant contamination on surface water and groundwater quality. A long term and two short term monitoring programs were designed to determine the rate of transport and distribution of the fire retardant in the aquatic environment Results showed that although the fire retardant was observed to wash through the drainage system into the stream, no measurable impact on surface water quality was recorded during the study period. Fire retardant components which would cause surface water contamination are ammonia, phosphorus, iron and chromium. A significant rise in nitrate-nitrogen concentration was detected in groundwater samples less than a day after fire retardant waste was recorded in measurable quantities in the ditch water. Temporal distribution of fire retardant in the aquatic environment was correlated with the high hydraulic conductivity of the subsurface and specific hydrological events involving heavy precipitation. Results from the laboratory column experiments indicated that components of the Fire retardant were not retained in the soil and would therefore be rapidly leached into groundwater. Surface water quality and groundwater quality results were compared with established water quality standards for drinking water and protection of freshwater aquatic life. On the basis of these standards the fire retardant waste was not found to contribute to degradation of the surface and groundwaters at Abbotsford Airport Overall impact of the fire retardant waste on the aquatic environment at Abbotsford Airport during the study period was not found to be significant The low fire season combined with a change in washing policy resulted in a fewer number of planes being cleaned at Abbotsford Airport during 1983-84. Therefore, the impact on the aquatic environment recorded during this period cannot be considered typical.
Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies
Graduate
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34

Low, Robert. "Radon in the groundwater in the chalk of East Anglia." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338249.

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35

Purczel, Carl Leslie. "Evaluating and applying contaminant transport models to groundwater systems /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SM/09smp9854.pdf.

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36

Wiyo, Kenneth Alfred Wiskot. "Measurements and modelling of fertilizer concentrations in subsurface drain flow from a potato field." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60542.

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A 4.87 hectare potato field at St. Leonard d'Aston, Quebec was instrumented to measure surface runoff and tile drain flow over the 2 year growing season period, 1989-1990. The soil type was a Ste. Jude sandy loam. Several soil and water parameters and NPK concentrations in runoff were measured. The CREAMS (Chemicals, Runoff and Erosion from Agricultural Management Systems) computer simulation model was validated for the study site.
Observed N concentrations in tile drain flow exceeded the Canadian water quality guideline of 10 mg/L. Observed P concentrations were less than 0.01 mg/L; and K concentrations, for the most part, exceeded 10 mg/L.
CREAMS overpredicted event surface runoff depths, and underpredicted event percolation depths. However, total monthly surface runoff and percolation depths closely matched observed values.
CREAMS overpredicted event nitrate concentrations in tile drain flow. There was a poor match between predicted and observed event nitrate concentrations in tile drain flow (coefficient of predictability, CP$ sb{ rm A}$ = 104.95). However, predicted total monthly nitrate load closely matched observed values (CP$ sb{ rm A}$ = 0.84). Total monthly and seasonal nitrate loads in tile drain flow were underpredicted.
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37

Ravenscroft, John Elmer. "Evaluation of survival and recovery characteristics of bifidobacteria as indicators of fecal pollution of water." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1613.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2000.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 138 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 133-137).
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38

Marta, Melisa, and Lovisa Nordgren. "Vulnerability assessment of groundwater pollution in the vicinity of a landfill in Nigeria." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297429.

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Malfunctioning landfills are a globally sprawled problem. The Olusosun landfill in Lagos, Nigeria is not an exception. It is located in the middle of the city, nearby groundwater resources used to supply drinking water for the inhabitants in Lagos. When solid waste is thrown in a landfill with an inappropriate management, the groundwater may be contaminated by precipitation and surface runoff percolating the solid waste.  This report identifies if the groundwater fulfills both the Nigerian Standards for Clean Drinking Water and the World Health Organization’s International Water Quality Standards. This report also analyzes if precipitation and temperature affects groundwater quality, which later on becomes the inhabitants drinking water. The study focuses on the following water quality parameters: pH, hardness, total dissolved solids, conductivity, sodium, chlorine, sulphate, phosphate, nitrate, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, manganese, copper, lead, nickel and chromium.  Groundwater quality was assessed in 17 different sampling sites, including wells and boreholes, with samples collected once a month during the year of 2020. Further on, a spatial analysis and temporal analysis were made. The temporal analysis for precipitation and temperature in Lagos is analyzed together with the parameters to ascertain if some parameters depend on these two factors. The tables and diagrams in the results were analyzed by visually studying the data to find correlations between the parameters and temperature respectively precipitation. Lastly, a literature study was made to support the found correlations.  The overall groundwater in the vicinity to the Olusosun landfill does not achieve the standards for either the World Health Organization or Nigeria’s Standards for Drinking Water Quality. The results indicate that the Drinking Water Quality Standards for both Nigeria and the World Health Organization lack limits for some parameters. Not all the water quality parameters investigated have an established quality standard for drinking water use. However, none of the sites exceed the guideline values for the parameters for sulphate, conductivity, nitrate, sodium and copper.  The result presents that the locations with the lowest number of fulfilled parameters, and evidently with the least qualified drinking water, were locations 2, 3, 6, 8, 12, 14, 15, 16 and 17. The majority of these locations are situated close to the landfill. The results also presented that the locations with the best water quality standards were locations 9 and 11, which are also the locations situated the furthest from the landfill. The result for the temporal analysis reveals that the temperature has a correlation to all the parameters except for calcium and that all the parameters have a correlation to all the parameters analysed.  The Olusosun landfill affects the groundwater quality negatively. The locations close to the landfill have the poorest water quality and vice versa. It is necessary to improve the water quality to secure the health of the people consuming it in Lagos, Nigeria. To do so, the landfill management must amend the current management directions. The focus should be on a remediation of the Olusosun landfill. Methods that can be used are solid washing, phytoremediation top-soil placement and establishing world leading practices in the area.
Dåligt fungerade deponier är ett globalt problem och deponin Olusosun i Lagos Nigeria är inget undantag. Deponin ligger i staden och nära grundvattenkällor som nyttjas som dricksvatten. När fast avfall placeras på en deponi med otillräcklig ledning kan grundvattnet bli förorenat av nederbörd och ytavrinning. Denna rapport identifierar om grundvattnet vid deponin Olusosun uppfyller Nigeria och WHOs dricksvattenstandarder. Rapporten studerar även om nederbörd och temperatur påverkar kvaliteten på vattnet i området.  Grundvattenkvaliteten undersöktes på 17 olika platser som bestod av brunnar och borrhål. Proverna togs en gång i månaden under år 2020. Sedan gjordes en rumslig och tidslig analys av proverna. Den rumsliga analysen undersökte huruvida vattenkvaliteten påverkas av avståndet till deponin och den tidsliga analysen undersökte om nederbörd och temperatur påverkar förändringarna av parametrarna över tid. För att bekräfta hittade samband i resultatet gjordes en litteraturstudie där bland annat litteratur från tidigare studier användes.  Ingen av platserna som proverna togs från uppfyller alla standarder från varken Nigeria eller WHO. Platserna som överskred flest vattenkvalitetstandarder var plats 3, 12, 14, 16 and 17. De platser som överskred minst antal parametrar av vattenkvalitetstandarder var plats 9 och 11. En koppling mellan avståndet till deponin och vattenkvaliteten kunde göras. Resultatet från den tidsliga analysen visar att alla parametrar utom kalcium påverkas av temperaturen och alla parametrar påverkas av mängden nederbörd.  Deponin Olusosun påverkar kvaliteten på grundvatten negativt och det är nödvändigt att förbättra vattenkvaliteten för att försäkra hälsan för invånarna i Lagos som konsumerar vattnet. För att göra det måste förvaltningen förbättras. Fokus borde ligga på att sanera deponin. Metoder som kan användas för detta är solid wasing och phytoremediation.
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39

Philander, Ghouwaa. "Development of a gas chromatographic technique for the analysis of some groundwater contaminants from fuel leaks and its application in a site-specific study." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2613.

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Magister Scientiae - MSc
This study focuses on the development of a Direct Aqueous Injection Gas Chromatographic method with Flame Ionization Detection (DAI-GC/FID) for the analysis of MTBE and TBA. The analytical method was then applied in a site specific study where MTBE contamination was evident. The method achieved detection limits of 1 ppm for MTBE and 0.1 ppm for TBA. The method showed good precision, accuracy and selectivity. The method was selected primarily for its ability to simultaneously analyze MTBE and TBA. The result of the site specific study showed the persistence of high concentrations of MTBE and TBA at the source of contamination, whilst concentrations at the adjacent primary school dropped to below detection limits as a result of rapid natural attenuation. It was found that an overall decrease in MTBE concentrations was met with an increase in TBA concentrations; which is a direct indication of MTBE degradation. Despite the fact that problematic MTBE concentrations persist at the source of contamination, limited evidence of the persistence of MTBE contamination was identified at the adjacent primary school. As such, MTBE health risks from existing pathways were found to be irrelevant for receptors at the adjacent school.
South Africa
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40

Liu, Catherine Yuen Yiu. "Cometabolic degradation of MTBE at low concentration." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3037520.

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41

Stenemo, Fredrik. "Vulnerability assessments of pesticide leaching to groundwater /." Uppsala : Dept. of Soil Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/200757.pdf.

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42

Lavine, Ingrid Nadean. "Characterization of an Arsenate-Reducing Bacterium Strain NP4, Isolated from Groundwater in Northport, Maine." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2004. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/LavineIN2004.pdf.

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43

Buss, Stephen Richard. "Attenuation of strong acids in the Birmingham Sherwood sanstone aquifer." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366381.

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44

Mwepu, Mireille K. M. "Mobility of ionic pollutants in selected South African soils /." Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/370.

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45

Hubbard, Thomas W. "Monitoring pesticides in the groundwater and submarine groundwater discharge of the Eastern Shore of Virginia." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06162009-063057/.

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46

Kulabako, Robinah. "Analysis of the impact of anthropogenic pollution on shallow groundwater in peri-urban Kampala." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4077.

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47

Craig, M. R. "Evaluation of groundwater vulnerability and pollution potential in the Upper Bann catchment, Northern Ireland." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398145.

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48

Peña, Haro Salvador. "A hydro-economic modeling framework for optimal management of groundwater nitrate pollution from agriculture." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/7483.

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La contaminación difusa por nitratos de las aguas subterráneas, la cual es principalmente originada por la agricultura, es una creciente preocupación en casi cualquier parte del mundo. Esto ha provocado el desarrollado de normativas; en Europa, en 1991 se estableció la Directiva de Nitratos y el año 2000 la Directiva Europea Marco del Agua (DMA). La DMA establece que las masas de agua deben alcanzar el buen estado en el año 2015, además reconoce el rol que la economía puede tener en alcanzar los objetivos ecológicos y ambientales. En este trabajo se presenta un modelo hidro-económico que sugiere la gestión óptima de fertilizantes para controlar la contaminación por nitratos de las agua subterráneas. El modelo holístico de optimización determina la distribución espacio-temporal de la tasa de aplicación de fertilizantes que maximiza los beneficios netos en la agricultura, limitada por los requerimientos de calidad en el agua subterránea en diferentes puntos de control. El modelo relaciona la aplicación de fertilizantes con las concentraciones de nitratos en el agua subterránea mediante el uso de modelos agronómicos, de simulación del flujo y transporte en el agua subterránea, con los cuales se generan soluciones unitarias que son integradas en matrices de respuesta (RM). Las RM dentro del modelo de gestión permiten simular la evolución de la concentración de nitratos en el agua subterránea mediante superposición en diferentes puntos de control a largo del tiempo, debido a la emisión de contaminantes en diferentes zonas distribuidas en el espacio y variables en el tiempo. Los beneficios de la agricultura se determinan a través de funciones de producción y el precio de los cultivos. El modelo desarrollado se aplicó a un acuífero sintético. Se obtuvo la aplicación óptima de fertilizantes para problemas con diferentes condiciones iniciales, horizontes de planeación y tiempos de recuperación.
Peña Haro, S. (2010). A hydro-economic modeling framework for optimal management of groundwater nitrate pollution from agriculture [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/7483
Palancia
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49

Opdyke, Daniel Robert. "Probabilistic groundwater transport of chemicals under non-equilibrium sorption conditions /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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50

Misiti, Teresa Marie. "Groundwater nitrate reduction in a simulated free water surface wetland system." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31847.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.
Committee Member: Pavlostathis, Spyros; Committee Member: Spain, Jim; Committee Member: Tezel, Ulas. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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